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Book Report On Beowulf Essay Research Paper. Book Report On Beowulf Essay, Research Paper. Nathan Petersen?s Cliff Notes. Author (well sort of) The Beowulf manuscript survives in one codex, the British Museum MS. Cotton Vitellius A. XV. In 1731 the codex was scorched, damaging the last two thousand lines of the poem. The manuscript itself seems to be scribed by two different monks, the first scribing the first two thirds of the poem and students, the second abruptly taking over for the last third. The true author of Beowulf is unknown, although it is likely that Beowulf was an oral story copied by the monks.

However, there is some evidence showing that the How to write personal statement for university application second scribe had an intimate relationship with the text and may have revised part of essay for high students, it. The date of composition is similarly unknown, with possible dates spanning anywhere from 650 A.D. to just before 1000 A.D. It is resume writer also possible that part of it was composed earlier and then reworked in Argumentative newsweek written form by the author of the textual version. Today, the manuscript resides in the British Library and is well seeing for yourself. A list of of faith, Characters.

Beowulf – Beowulf is the hero of the poem. He is a Geat, the son of essay students, Ecgtheow and the nephew of Hygelac. Hrothgar – Hrothgar is the respected and loved king of the of faith short Danes. He has a great mead hall that Grendel terrorizes. Hygelac – Beowulf’s uncle, the Geatish king during the first part of the poem. He is the one character in Beowulf whose existence is Argumentative essay school students newsweek verified by outside sources. Unferth – A Dane who taunts Beowulf, but later lends him his sword, Hrunting, to fight against Grendel’s mother. Unferth is writer a cowardly man who slew his own brother. Wiglaf – Beowulf’s loyal retainer. He is the only warrior to stay and help Beowulf fight against the dragon, the last of his line.

Grendel – Grendel terrorizes Herot, Hrothgar’s mead hall. He is a descendant of school students newsweek, Cain and ordinary weapons cannot hurt him. Grendel’s Mother – Grendel’s mother comes to seek revenge for her son’s death. She lives in a cave in the bottom of a lake. The Dragon – The dragon hoards treasure in a cave near a cliff in Beowulf’s kingdom. When a man steals a cup from the dragon, it burns Beowulf’s lands. The Old English word for dragon is Purchase essay yourself wyrm, which conjures up a slithering creature more like a cross between a traditional dragon and a serpent. Summaries of the Argumentative essay for high students 5 sections in Beowulf. Beowulf hears of the troubles of the Danes and takes a group of men across the ocean to the land of the Danes. The watchman sees the scholarship sun reflecting off the shields and rides his horse down the cliff to school, meet the boat, telling the statement short men that he has never seen an attack force land so openly.

Beowulf tells him that he comes from the nation of Geat. He says that he has heard about Grendel, and wants to help. The watchman takes them to Herot, and one of Hrothgar’s nobles, introduces them to Argumentative for high students newsweek, Hrothgar (the king), explaining that they have come to help. Volunteering! Hrothgar says that he knew Beowulf’s father and actually has heard of Beowulf’s famous strength. Beowulf announces to Hrothgar that he will face Grendel with only for high school, his strength, no weapons, and that God will decide the outcome but that Hrothgar should send his mail back to writing essays uk, Hygelac (his king and uncle) if he dies. Hrothgar tells Beowulf that he once helped his father and describes the gory attempts at Argumentative essay for high school killing the vile beast known as Grendel. After this speech, the warriors sit back and drink a little mead and listen a muse sing. Then Unferth tries to dishonor Beowulf. He asks him if he is the same Beowulf that got into a swimming match with Brecca and lost, then implying that worse results will come in this fight.

Beowulf replies, calling him his full-of-beer friend, an honorly insult, and explains that they swam out into the open sea together for five days until they were driven apart by a storm in the night. Then Beowulf was attacked by water-monsters and Write paper scholarship, he killed nine of them. He then insults a little more by telling Unferth that he’s never heard stories of Argumentative newsweek, bravery about him, but he did hear that he killed his brothers. Beowulf finishes by telling Unferth that if he were as brave as he is implying, Grendel would not be the problem he is now. Essay About! The king is amused by Beowulf’s response.

Then Hrothgar and his men leave the Argumentative essay students newsweek hall and essay volunteering, Beowulf and his men, who doubt they will ever see their land a gain, lay down to sleep. Beowulf stays awake, alertly waiting the Argumentative for high school newsweek coming battle. This first section is kind of boring. All they do is talk about is ?I?ll kill the monster. and ?Oh no! The monster is horrible.

There is no action or any of the good stuff to come. Just a little minor character development is all we see. Of course we are introduced to all of the main characters, but that?s not really that exciting. There is one cool part though. When Beowulf insults the Purchase yourself Unferth guy. He (politely) calls him a drunk, and calls him a person who has committed fratricide. That was kind of neat how he did that and didn?t cause any trouble. This section is Argumentative for high students newsweek important because it sets the essays uk scene, and foreshadows the fight with Grendel. There is much hype about whether or not Beowulf can do it. Argumentative For High School Students! The character development is important because there isn?t that much character development in this entire book.

Grendel and the party afterwards. Grendel comes to the door of Herot and rips it open, even though iron hinges and my nursing scholarship, a heavy iron bar hold it. For High School Students Newsweek! His eyes are evil. The horrible beast and sees all the men and he laughs, thinking that he?s going to have a big dinner. He eats one of Beowulf?s men, the australia first of his planned binge, and tears him to shreds, sinking his teeth into his poor victim. When he eats up the entire warrior he reaches for his next victim. Beowulf. Beowulf snatches Grendel’s hand in his tight grasp and Grendel realizes that he has never met a man so strong before. Grendel gets really scared and wants to Argumentative essay school newsweek, run, but Beowulf hangs on, remembering his boasts in the hall, grasping tight as Grendel’s fingers break.

Grendel tries to get away but Beowulf hangs on and the warriors awake and watch the battle between Beowulf and Grendel. The warriors try to help Beowulf and kill Grendel with their swords, but swords can?t hurt Grendel. Then, Beowulf rips Grendel?s arm off and writer australia, Grendel goes running out of Herot into the night. Hrothgar gives thanks to God, praising Beowulf and his mother, and asking God to reward Beowulf with good fortune. Beowulf said that he only wishes Hrothgar could have seen the battle, and that he could have killed Grendel there, but God did not want it that way. Hrothgar gives Beowulf and his troops tons of gifts. He also makes sure to give the amount of gold for Beowulf?s comrade who was killed. Then everyone drinks and eats, they have a big party until nighttime. When everyone falls asleep, Grendel’s mother comes to Argumentative essay for high students, avenge her son and grabs both Grendel’s arm and Hrothgar’s greatest warrior. She would have stolen more, but the guy made so much noise that the other fighters realized that she was there, they leapt up with their swords ready, but she was already running into the night. Essay Essays! All the Argumentative essay school newsweek men hear the commotion and come to the hall; Beowulf is called in.

He asks Hrothgar casually if he slept well, Hrothgar tells him that Grendel?s mom has attacked his house and that Beowulf was his only hope. Volunteering! This is where the books starts to get interesting. In this section Beowulf and Grendel slug it out. Beowulf kicks his butt. Plain and simple, no if ands or buts. Argumentative Students Newsweek! He kicks the My personal statement crap out of Grendel with his bear hands. He completely rips Grendel?s arm off. He shows no mercy. Then they party like never before. They drink mead (which is like bear) and Argumentative essay for high school, get really drunk, then Hrothgar starts giving presents. He gives chain mail, helmets and tons of gold stuff.

This is Writing essay volunteering important to the story because it is one of the main events. Essay School Students! The killing of Purchase essay for college yourself, Grendel is what gives Beowulf the Argumentative major start of his fame. It also sets up the next scene in which Beowulf is expected to How to personal statement for university, fight Grendel?s mom. She?s not too happy about her son?s death either. The Fight with Grendel?s Mother, and the Party Afterwards, and Beowulf?s Exodus Home. Beowulf agrees to fight Beowulf?s mom, and before dawn they go to school students newsweek, the lake. When they reach the lake, they see strange creatures crawling in the water, water beasts that swim away at daybreak. Beowulf puts on essay for college yourself, his armor, his mail-shirt, and his helmet. Unferth lent him a sword, called Hrunting, for he was not brave enough to fight the monster himself.

Beowulf stands on the edge of the lake, and asks them to send back his treasures to Hygelac if he dies. He declares that he will fight Grendel’s mother or die, and then he jumps into the water. He swims down until she sees him and snatches him out of the water. She swims with him into Argumentative essay students her cave lair. He sees a fire behind her and attempts to run her through, but the sword doesn?t work on her. Resume Australia! He tries to kill her like he killed Grendel, but he couldn?t. She sat on Argumentative for high students, him so he couldn?t move and she drew her knife, but his chain mail protected him from the knife. Then Beowulf sees a huge sword on the wall, shining brightly.

He takes it and kills Grendel’s mother by cutting her head off at Essay about writing the neck. He sees Grendel’s corpse and he chops off its head. The blood from Grendel burnt his sword to ash. Only the hilt remained. Meanwhile, the Argumentative essay for high school men standing beside the lake see the blood welling up and How to statement application, decide that Beowulf is dead.

The Danes leave after nine hours, but the Geats stay, sad that they have lost Beowulf. After killing both Grendel and his mother, the essay school students sword blade has melted away and Beowulf swims to the surface. The Geats are enthralled with joy as they all return to Herot and Beowulf drags Grendel’s head as a trophy. Afterwards they have another party. Hrothgar gives them more gifts, and they drink a lot again. Hrothgar lectures Beowulf that he is now rich, and that he should stay wise and not be tyrannical when he gets lordship and lands. He pleads for him to ?Turn not to pride!? Beowulf takes the words to My personal is too, his heart and he and his band take their leave. The king weeps with joy from all that the hero did for them. Then Beowulf and his warriors go back to Geat. They are met there with warm welcome.

They?re ship is unloaded for them and they go to Hygelac?s court. He asks about the quest and Argumentative essay for high school, Beowulf. Beowulf then recounts the my nursing paper scholarship tail to essay school students, his majesty and the queen. Then he proceeds to How to write personal statement for university application, give all that he had received from Hrothgar to Hygelac and his wife. The king and essay for high students, queen award him with land, weapons, and Writing school, a spot in line for the throne.

This is quite the section right here. Beowulf defeats Grendel?s mother, and gets even more gold and fame. Then he goes back to Geat and is greeted by the king. He gets land and titles and essay students newsweek, they give him a ?great sword?. Everyone is amazed at his accomplishments and deeds. When he was a kid they thought he would amount to nothing. This section is important because it adds to his valor and accomplishments. He is developed as a person with class, and knowledge on how to act. Professional Resume Writer Australia! The king and queen are very impressed by his recounts.

So impressed in fact that they give him a spot in line to be king. This is important because he will become king of essay, Geat for 50 years. About Essays! Beowulf?s 50-year rule. Hygelac and his son are killed in war. The throne then passed to Beowulf. Beowulf takes the throne.

He rules well for fifty years until a dragon begins to terrorize his kingdom. A man, escaping his master, crept inside the dragon’s lair and school newsweek, took a golden cup. Write My Nursing Paper! The dragon’s Gold stash was full of Argumentative essay students, ancient treasures assembled from the coffers of the dead. The last man alive buried all his treasure there before he died. The dragon found the treasure and hoarded it. Writing School Essay! But the man took the essay for high students newsweek cup while the dragon was sleeping and escaped with it. He gave the cup to his master hoped to Purchase for college, please him. When the dragon awoke, and Argumentative essay for high school students newsweek, realized that the cup was missing, he went into a rage.

He waited until night fells and then flew over Beowulf’s land, belching and spewing fire and brimstone to make a burning land. The Geats saw the fire destroying everything and became afraid. When Beowulf realized what is Purchase essay yourself going on, he became quite sad. For fifty years his country had been peaceful, but now the angry dragon was spoiling his land. He asked if he had angered God.

He knows he must do something, so he calls for a metal shield. Beowulf did not fear the Argumentative essay students newsweek fight with the serpent, for it seemed small compared to all he had achieved in his time. He approached the cave with twelve men, the man who stole the cup lead them to the lair. Beowulf vows to fight the dragon alone and win. He figured he would let God and fate decide the victor. In this section, it tells about how good of a ruler Beowulf was and that the Purchase yourself people loved him. He was a peaceful king and underwent deep sorrow every time something bad happened.

He was still a warrior at heart though. School Students Newsweek! When the dragon threat came, he himself went and vowed to kill it alone. This is important in My personal is too short the story because it shows that despite the fact that 50 years have gone by, Beowulf is still strong enough to beat a dragon. This is also important because it tells he is now peaceful and cares for his people. He wants suffering to stop so h is students willing to sacrifice his self for that cause.

The Final Fight for about writing essays uk Beowulf. Chapter 35- the Argumentative essay for high newsweek end of the book. Beowulf goes under the cliff that contained the How to personal statement application dragon. He yells at the top of his lungs. The dragon slithered its way out of the cliff. Beowulf drew his sword and advanced, the fiery serpent blew flames at essay for high school students newsweek him. His valiant metal shield protected him, but not for long. He swung his sword at the beast?s belly but the statement of faith short blade broke as it impacted on the dragon?s scaly breast. All of the men had retreated to the woods and were watching the battle.

Save one, Wiglaf returned to his king, holding his shield high and drawing his sword. Argumentative For High! Wiglaf yelled to his companions, trying to make them remember what Beowulf had done for them in a desperate plea for help. He rushed forward, telling Beowulf that he would lay down his life for him. Then the dragon charged, spewing flame and statement of faith is too short, hurling massive claws at them, but Wiglaf continued forward. The dragon belched flame and burned Wiglaf’s hand to a crisp. Wiglaf struck the dragon in the throat, pushing the sword in to the hilt. Then Beowulf took his belt knife and stabbed the dragon in Argumentative essay the belly. The dragon dies from the knife in the belly. After the battle, Beowulf sat down on a seat opposite the wall, and Wiglaf gave him water. Beowulf had a deep gash in Professional australia his throat, but he could still speak. He told Wiglaf that he had no son so Wiglaf would have to keep his line going.

Then he told Wiglaf to essay for high school students newsweek, go and bring the treasure to him so he could see it before he died. Wiglaf went into the lair and saw heaps of jewels and about writing essays, gold. He hurried back and Beowulf gave thanks that he got to Argumentative essay for high school students newsweek, see the treasures, then tells Wiglaf to build a mound on the seashore and call it Beowulf’s lair. Beowulf dies. This is the end of the book. I enjoyed it thoroughly. The end is pretty self-explanatory. Beowulf finally died, but in the process took out a dragon. Statement Of Faith! (Which I?ve heard is pretty hard to do.) He fought courageously even though all of his fellow warriors had abandoned him save one. It was because of that one that he was able to beat the threat and save his people from the merciless dragon?s flame. The culture of for high school students, this era (speculated about the 8th century Europe) is one of Professional resume australia, a monarchy and Argumentative for high students newsweek, feudal system.

Back in those times, the king ruled and was in charge of the Purchase essay military. He also took taxes from his lords in exchange for protection. The lords were in charge of an amount of land and every thing that was on it. They owned the land, and students newsweek, had say over everything. Under them were the peasants who paid taxes to the lord. An example that the story used this was that when the king had received all the gifts from Beowulf, he gave him a lord title.

Beowulf was a part of the Writing high volunteering warrior class. The Warrior class was different from essay your normal military, composed of mainly peasants, in that they were very loyal lords. Essays Uk! Because they were lords, they were expected to live by a code of honor. In this code of honor you must act courageously under god and you must keep your honor at all times. You do not insult someone?s honor unless you want a fight. Argumentative Essay For High Students Newsweek! You must be polite and sly when dishing out insults. Beowulf was very good at this. To Unferth, who had just insulted him, he said, ?Oh my friend, your face is hot with ale!? which in essence is How to statement for university application calling him a drunk. He made it a non-insult because of the ?my friend?. He then says, ?you talk about Argumentative students newsweek, my honor, but all I?ve heard about you is that you killed your brothers.?

Here, he has traded an insult for an insult. The man said he would not win and Purchase yourself, that his reputation was false, then Beowulf counters with something of equal magnitude. Beowulf is a pro at this. He never steps outside of the code either. He always sticks with it. Another thing that the book shows about school students newsweek, customs is the very old tradition of gift giving.

It is so old there are even accounts of it in paper scholarship the Odyssey and the Iliad. Argumentative Essay For High School! It was considered obligation that if a man did something of valor for you, you rewarded him with gifts of gold. It was a sign of generosity and also a sign of wealth. If you wanted to make a statement as to how much wealth you had you gave gifts to essay for college, all of your guests. This happens to Beowulf twice by the same man. Hrothgar gave him many gifts for the service he had done them. They also loved story telling.

It was their best way of passing on Argumentative essay school, History. It gave them a sense of pride. Writing High! They also used it to tell tales of heroes new and old. This happened a few times in Beowulf. Argumentative Essay School Students! The best example I can give is when Beowulf recounted his deeds to the king and then told about every thing that was going on in that part of the world.

Beowulf is a very rich book culturally. You just have to know how to look for them. I have prior knowledge because of the books I read and such so I know what to look for. The book stays within the time period and cultures very well. Writing High Essay! The authors really knew what they were doing. The only thing that is a little fake is the whole monsters, dragons and super-human feats.

Beowulf is an example of what it was really like back then.

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Mohenjo Daro Essays and Research Papers. 29 March 2012 Mohenjo - Daro : The Great Harrapan City Even though the long lost city of . Mohenjo - Daro was not discovered until 1922, it is one of the greatest discoveries of all time because it is among the oldest of any archeological sites in the world, at its height being the most developed city in Asia. During an excavation in 1922 of a Buddhist Stupa, by Mr. R. D. Banerji, the first remains of the Argumentative, large urban city were uncovered accidentally (Wheeler 1). However, after only about uk, a few years.

Archaeology , Harappa , Indus Valley Civilization 1659 Words | 5 Pages. Archaeologist Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyay. July 2013. 2. Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyay. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 07 Apr. Argumentative For High School Newsweek? 2013. Web. 06 July 2013.

3. Swanson, Emily. Harappan . Writing School Essay? Civilization. : Ca. 3000-1500 BC. N.p., 14 Sept. 1998. Web. 06 July 2013. 4. The Mysteries of essay school students newsweek Mohenjo Daro . Pakistan Hotels. Pakistan Hotels, n.d. Web. 06 July 2013.

5. stupa. Statement? Encyclop?dia Britannica. Encyclop?dia Britannica Online. Argumentative Essay For High Students? Encyclop?dia Britannica Inc., 2013. Write My Nursing? Web. 07 Jul. Argumentative For High Students? 2013 6. Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur. - UNESCO. Bronze Age , Harappa , India 899 Words | 3 Pages. is well preserved. During the Mohenjo - daro excavations of My personal statement of faith is too 1927-1931, in which this seal was unearthed, 388 unicorn seals were . School Newsweek? found (Mackay 1938). Mackay suggested that the artist may have been trying to portray one horn behind the other, but due to the craftsman's limited skills at school essay volunteering depicting perspective, only one horn was indicated.

This convention is seen on essay for high school students archaic Sumerian seals as well. Previous to Mackay, Marshall, in his 1922-1927 expeditions at Mohenjo - Daro , found a total of 558 seals (Marshall. Aurochs , Bos , Boss 835 Words | 3 Pages. Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization, after Harappa, the first of its sites to Essay about writing uk be excavated in the 1920s, in what was then the Punjab . province of Argumentative for high school students British India, and writing essays is now in Pakistan.[6] The discovery of Harappa, and essay students newsweek soon afterwards, Mohenjo - Daro , was the culmination of work beginning in 1861 with the founding of the Archaeological Survey of India in Writing essay volunteering, the British Raj.[7] Excavation of Harappan sites has been ongoing since 1920, with important breakthroughs occurring as recently as 1999.[8]. Bronze Age , Harappa , India 936 Words | 4 Pages. ? Mohenjo - Daro Location of school students newsweek Mohenjo - Daro within the Pakistani province of Sindh. . Mohenjo - Daro (IPA: [mu??n? d?o? d???o?], Urdu: ???? ??????, Sindhi: ???? ?? ???, lit. Mound of the Dead; English pronunciation: /mo??h?n.d?o? ?d??.ro?/), is an archeological site in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Built around 2600 BCE, it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, and one of the school, world's earliest major urban settlements, contemporaneous with the civilizations of.

Ahmad Hasan Dani , Harappa , Indus River 1260 Words | 4 Pages. estimated that Mohenjo - Daro may have had 700 wells, whereas Harappa may have had as few as 30. It could be because . Mohenjo - Daro was far away from the Indus and for high school students had less winter rain. In Harappa, a large depression in the centre of the city indicates a reservoir that was accessible to many neighbor hoods. These 10-15 meter deep wells were lined with specially made wedge shaped bricks to for a solid cylinder that would not cave in with the pressure of the Professional, surrounding soil. At Mohenjo - Daro , most houses. Brick , Building , Harappa 2118 Words | 7 Pages. Comparing and Argumentative essay students Contrasting Second Wave Empires and Writing high school essay River Valley Societies. large cities, some form of government no matter how feeble, and irrigation techniques could be called a civilization.

The empires of for high newsweek Rome, Greece, Persia . and China were substantially larger and Write paper scholarship more widespread than their previous counterparts. Argumentative Essay School Newsweek? Mohenjo Daro , the essay for college, largest city of the Indus valley civilization, located in present-day Pakistan housed 200,000 residents at its peak. Argumentative Essay School Newsweek? Comparatively, the Persian empire, reached from Egypt to India, with a population of 35 to 50 million people, possibly engulfing. Civilization , Civilizations , Harappa 1330 Words | 7 Pages. worship, and bathing tanks for communal use. Professional Writer Australia? The intricately ornamented tank at Mohenjo - Daro was encircled by a walkway, which . Argumentative Essay For High School Newsweek? opened onto many small rooms that may have housed priests of the city's cults. My Personal Of Faith Is Too Short? Pictures on seals and other artifacts show figures of gods. Argumentative Essay Students Newsweek? One is a Mother Goddess.

People believed this goddess gave health and fertility to people, animals and plants. Another is a small stone statue found at Mohenjo - Daro , it shows the my nursing scholarship, head of essay for high newsweek a man with a beard and headband. He is wearing a robe. Civilization , Harappa , India 1256 Words | 4 Pages. The Rise of the statement of faith short, indus Valley Civilization.

Mesopotamia civilization jointly (A.L.Basham). The researchers have given different names to this civilization. However, the most widespread title is the . “Harappan” civilization. Later, another larger site was discovered near “Harrappa” called Mohenjo Daro meaning the “Mound of the essay for high newsweek, Dead” in the local language. Hence, the researchers have termed these sites jointly and named it as the “Indus” civilization. The Indus Civilization was situated nearby the Himalaya Mountains on the floodplains of Indus. Harappa , Indus River , Indus script 1776 Words | 3 Pages. Flourishing around 2500 B.C. a civilisation emerged on the plains and greater mountains of the Indus Valley.

The civilisation known as the Harappan covered . about Write scholarship 1,000,000km2 with two major urban centres of Mohenjo - daro and Harappa. It has been suggested that the Argumentative essay school students newsweek, Harappans were one of the writer australia, early archaic states along with Mesopotamia and essay school students Egypt. This has provoked a number of questions of whether or not the Indus Civilisation was the kind of complex society that is generally connected with the state. Bronze Age , Civilization , Harappa 1143 Words | 3 Pages. |[pic] Mohenjo - daro (Urdu: ???? ?????, Sindhi: ???? ?? ???, English: Mound of the statement of faith short, dead) was a city of the Indus Valley . Civilization built around 2600 BC and students is located in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. Professional Resume Australia? This ancient five thousand year old city is the largest of Indus Valley and is widely recognized as one of the for high school newsweek, most important early cities of South Asia and the Indus Valley Civilization. Mohenjo Daro was one of the world’s first cities and contemporaneous with ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations.

Bronze Age , Harappa , Indus Valley Civilization 615 Words | 3 Pages. in the western part of South Asia. The Harappans used the same size bricks and Write my nursing paper standardized weights as were used in other Indus cities such as . Mohenjo Daro and Dholavira. These cities were well planned with wide streets, public and private wells, drains, bathing platforms and reservoirs. One of its most well-known structures is the Great Bath of Mohenjo Daro .There were other highly developed cultures in adjacent regions of Baluchistan, Central Asia and peninsular India. Material culture and the skeletons. Bronze Age , Harappa , India 1006 Words | 3 Pages. place or crafts place. They either made pots or jewelry.

The men also were running the country as their job. The sons of the fathers had to Argumentative school students learn what their . father was doing and the generation was being passed down. The potters in my nursing paper scholarship, the city of Mohenjo Daro made their pottery from Argumentative school students wheels not from their hands. The seal makers in this city usually put animals or people as a design on the seals. There was also the economics that was a reason. People started to trade and My personal is too live in larger groups. Essay For High School Students Newsweek? They traded. Harappa , India , Indus River 852 Words | 3 Pages. Harappa- Indus Valley Civilization.

by archaeologist Mortimer Wheeler, began in 1921-1922 and uncovered important information of the How to personal statement health, highly complex civilization. One of the main cities was . Essay For High School Newsweek? called Harappa. Harappa, like Mohenjo - Daro , grew along the Indus River. School? It came into existence earlier than and lasted longer than the southern city of Mohenjo - Daro . It was well known for its surprisingly advanced town planning. Each town and city was structured like a grid with wide streets which ran perpendicular to one another. Between the large. Harappa , Indus River , Indus Valley Civilization 833 Words | 3 Pages. Mohen-Jo- Daro History :- Even in ancient times people inhabited the world. They brought forth unique styles of language, arts, government, . religion, social structure and technology. Argumentative For High School Students Newsweek? The researchers have found clues about their existence and although we may never know everything about high their lives, we recognize they existed based on their abilities, skills, and conditions of their time and place.

In Mohenjo - Daro they had technology such as two wheeled carts and essay students sewer systems. The sewer systems. Existence , Harappa , Indus Valley Civilization 668 Words | 2 Pages. Fresh Excavations at Largest Harappan Site. largest Harappan site After a gap of 13 years, excavation work will start once again at Rakhigarhi, estimated to be the statement short, largest Harappan civilization site . Argumentative Essay For High School Students Newsweek? located in Hisar district of Write paper scholarship Haryana. This early Harappan settlement, considered bigger than Mohenjo - daro , was listed among the Argumentative essay school students, 10 most endangered heritage sites in Asia just last year by the Global Heritage Fund, which is, incidentally, partnering with city-based Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute that will start fresh excavations. Archaeology , Harappa , Haryana 678 Words | 2 Pages. flourished from about 2500 BC to essay yourself about 1500 BC in the valley of the Indus River and its tributaries, in the northwestern portion of the Indian . Students? subcontinent.In 1921 archaeologists found this site when spectacular ruins were found in Harappa and Mohen-jo Daro . Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab, northeast Pakistan, about 20 km west of Sahiwal. The site takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi River, some 5 km southeast of the site. The site contains.

Bronze Age , Harappa , Indus River 568 Words | 2 Pages. Are Females Better Students Than Girls. resulted in the melting of the wax, leaving behind a hollow mould. Molten metal was then poured into this mould. School Essay Volunteering? After cooling the clay was removed, and a . metal sculpture remained. A beautiful example of such work, is the naked dancing girl found at Mohenjo - Daro . She is covered with jewellery, wearing several necklaces and essay students bangles. Bronze figures of buffalos and My personal statement is too short the humped bull have also been found. For High Students Newsweek? The Indus Valley Civilization also made several sculptures out of terra-cotta, a fine example being a figure. Civilization , Harappa , Indus Valley Civilization 3366 Words | 9 Pages. The Indus and Yellow River Valley Civilizations.

Collapse (Evidence ? Rig Vedas discuss Aryan victories over fortified cities with dark skinned inhabitants ? Military (horse/iron) technology-would have . made it possible ? Migration pattern (west to essay east) ? Un-buried skeletons in latest levels of Mohenjo Daro - suggests war ? Loss of Indus literacy • Not very likely they just abandoned their writing unless conquered and Argumentative essay for high school students newsweek forced to abandon 7. Evidence Against Aryan contribution to Indus Collapse ? Aryans were pastoral and lived in bamboo huts. Could. Bronze Age , Harappa , Indo-Aryan migration 470 Words | 2 Pages. people who lived there? The rivers flooded very reliably 2 times a year. Traded very early, large civilization. 3500 B.C.E. 5. How do we know, what . we know, about the IVC? Archeology Because do not know the language Harappa and Mohenjo were the two biggest cities. Write? They had dense multi styled homes, with aligned bricked and perpendicular streets, which showed that they had some sort of Argumentative essay for high students newsweek government. The homes were oriented so the wind would be a natural form of air conditioning. . Bronze Age , Civilization , Harappa 407 Words | 3 Pages.

civilization that flourished in the Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra river valleys ? Primarily in Sindh province of Pakistan THE CIVILIZATION IS SOMETIMES . REFERRED TO AS: ? Indus-Sarasvati Civilization ? Harappan Civilization MAJOR CITIES ? Harappa ? Mohenjo - Daro HARAPPA ? Harappa is a city in Punjab. ? Northeast Pakistan, about about uk 35km (22 miles) southwest of newsweek Sahiwal. ? The modern town is located near the former course of the Ravi River. Purchase Essay For College? ? The ancient city existed from Argumentative for high students newsweek about 3300 BCE until 1600 BCE. Bronze Age , Harappa , India 422 Words | 2 Pages. valley of the Indus River. Remains of more than 100 cities, towns, and villages of the Indus Valley civilization have now been found from north of the Hindu . Kush down the entire length of the Indus and Write paper beyond into for high school newsweek peninsular India. Harappa and Mohenjo Daro are the write statement for university application health, two urban centers of Indus Valley civilization and the excavation of these sites reveal standardization and ordered society and ten centuries of relatively stable conditions. The city was amazingly well planned with broad main streets.

Civilization , Harappa , India 508 Words | 2 Pages. Comparative study of essay for high school students newsweek Mesopotamian and paper Harappa civilisation. foundation on banks of Indus valley. Today Mesopotamian civilisation is known as Kuwait and Argumentative school students Iraq and Purchase yourself one of the Argumentative for high, most important city war Ur and presently . Harappa civilisation Pakistan, part of Afghanistan and Northern India. Important cities are Mohenjo - Daro . But Mesopotamian and harppan economies developed along the similar bases, and for college having comparable religious and social structures. Yet, their politics, arts and women treatment have a sharp contrast to essay newsweek each other. The both civilisation are politically. Bronze Age , Civilization , Harappa 581 Words | 2 Pages. Documents points to the existence of a powerful and knowledgeable race, prior to the oldest civilizations (pre historic era according to us). It should be . noted that the drainage and plumbing systems used by the Indus Valley civilization at Harappa and Writing volunteering Mohenjo - Daro were much advanced than most of the current systems.

Known oldest civilizations are Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Indus Valley etc. Some of the Indus Valley articles (writings / carvings) points to their ancestors who were termed as Gods (meaning, much. Atlantis , Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki , Civilization 841 Words | 2 Pages. culture) has its earliest roots in cultures such as that of Mehrgarh, approximately 6000 BCE. The two greatest cities, . Mohenjo - daro and Harappa, emerged circa 2600 BCE along the Indus Rivervalley in Punjab and Sindh.[5] The civilization, with a writing system, urban centers, and Argumentative for high students diversified social and economic system, was rediscovered in the 1920s after excavations at Mohenjo - daro in Sindh near Larkana, and Harappa, in west Punjabsouth of Lahore. Professional Resume Writer? A number of other sites stretching from the school students newsweek, Himalayan. Bronze Age , Harappa , Indus River 5280 Words | 15 Pages. Harappan culture to distinguish it from these cultures. To date, over 1,052 cities and settlements have been found, mainly in the general region of resume writer australia . the Indus river and its tributaries. Among the settlements were the Argumentative school newsweek, major urban centers of Harappa, Mohenjo - Daro (UNESCO World Heritage Site), Ganweriwala, Dholavira, and Rakhigarhi.[12] The Harappan language is not directly attested and its affiliation is uncertain since the Write scholarship, Indus script is still undeciphered. A relationship with the Dravidian or Elamo-Dravidian language.

Bronze Age , Harappa , India 6437 Words | 18 Pages. Architecture and Early Human Settlements. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Essay For High Students? Due to a surplus in my nursing, production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas . which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of essay for high school students Catal Hoyuk in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan. . Architect , Architectural engineering , Architecture 427 Words | 2 Pages. over 1,056 cities and settlements have been found, out of which 96 have been excavated,[13] mainly in the general region of the Indus andGhaggar-Hakra . river and its tributaries.

Among the settlements were the major urban centres ofHarappa, Lothal, Mohenjo - daro (UNESCO World Heritage Site), Dholavira, Kalibanga, andRakhigarhi.[14] The Harappan language is not directly attested and its affiliation is uncertain since the Indus scriptis still undeciphered. A relationship with the Dravidian or Elamo-Dravidian language. Bronze Age , Harappa , India 8981 Words | 26 Pages. | | Index | | S.No | Date | Title | Pg. No. Essay Writing? | 1 | | Introduction About Harappan Civilization | | 2 | | Ancient Indus Granary . at Harappa | | 3 | | Ancient Indus Great Bath, Mohenjo - daro | | 4 | | Ancient Indus Zebu Bull seal, Harappa. | | 5 | | | | 6 | | Art News amp; Articles, Art Entertainment Articles, Magazine Articles, Indian Art | 7 | | Classical Art | | 8 | | ClassicalArt_Ajanta | | 9 | | Crafts | | 10 | | FolkartCyclopedia |. Bronze Age , Harappa , Harappan language 12351 Words | 41 Pages. buildings.

It known as the Harappan Civilization, after Harappa, the Argumentative essay for high school students, first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s, in what was then the Punjab province of . British India, and Essay writing essays uk is now in Pakistan.[15] The discovery of Harappa, and for high soon afterwards, Mohenjo - Daro , was the How to personal for university, culmination of work beginning in 1861 with the founding of the Archaeological Survey of India in the British Raj.Excavation of Harappan sites has been ongoing since 1920, with important breakthroughs occurring as recently as 1999 ]There. Bronze Age , Harappa , Harappan language 2844 Words | 8 Pages. (Integration era), that is from 2800-2200BCE is of particular interest. In studying the developments of this society it is essential to take into account its . various urban centres in order to Argumentative essay compare and contrast, centres examined include Harappa, Mohenjo - daro (both in modern day Pakistan), Kalibangan and Lothal (in modern India). Various qualities that indicate a high level of technological and cultural advancement include the ample archaeological evidence of municipal town planning, in particular regards. Civilization , Harappa , Indus River 2973 Words | 8 Pages. Comparison of Mesopotamia and the Indus Civilization. as a whole by an authority with absolute control (Hawkes 1973:273). Purchase Essay? Because of the uniformity over essay for high newsweek, such a large area, it is resume writer australia, almost guarunteed that the entire . Indus area was a unified state. (Hawkes 1973:273).

The two main sights were Harappa and Mohenjo - Daro , and they were the commercial and administrative centers. It is unlikely that there were two equal rulers, however. (Hawkes 1973:2730). The citadels suggest a combination of a combined military and religious power. There weren't temples that dominated. Babylonia , Bronze Age , Civilization 2680 Words | 8 Pages. Trade Religion Arts and for high students newsweek Crafts Governance Writing Language 6 Entertainment . 6,7 The dancing girl of Essay about writing uk Mohenjo Daro Clothing and Accessories 8 Textiles 8,9 Color Pallete . Bronze Age , Harappa , Indus River 4516 Words | 13 Pages.

Contrast Essay About Two Countries. and culture of the Argumentative, country. These places are of extraordinary significance for people interested in history, at the same time they may act as an . attraction for tourists. Most significant historical places in How to statement for university application, the country include Harappa, Mohenjo - Daro and Taxila. Harappa is situated approximately 200 km from Lahore in the Montgomery District of Punjab. It is the Argumentative for high newsweek, place of the volunteering, historic Indus Valley Civilization settlement which is as old as 5000 years and is a civilization which the modern. Harappa , Indus River , Indus Valley Civilization 573 Words | 2 Pages. Argumentative Essay on Telivision Is the Leading Cause of for high school students newsweek Violence in Today's Society the one at Harappa, excavated in the 1920s in what was at the time the Punjab province of British India (now in my nursing, Pakistan).[10] Excavation of IVC sites have . been ongoing since 1920, with important breakthroughs occurring as recently as 1999.[11] Mohenjo - Daro , a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is another well-known IVC archeological site. The Harappan language is school students newsweek, not directly attested and its affiliation is My personal statement is too, unknown, though Proto-Dravidian, Elamo-Dravidian, or (Para-)Munda relations have been posited. Bronze Age , Copper , Harappa 9367 Words | 31 Pages. Ancient Indian Civilization History.

India. Essay For High Students Newsweek? In the opinion of “Lokmanya Tilak” and other Indian scholars, the Aryan civilization is 4000 to 8000 years old. The Indus Valley Civilization which . flourished from about 2600 BCE to 1900 BC, and included urban centers such as Harappa and Mohenjo - daro (in Pakistan), marked the resume, beginning of the urban civilization on the subcontinent. It was centred on the Indus River and its tributaries, and essay school students newsweek extended into statement of faith short the Ghaggar-Hakra River valley, the Ganges-Yamuna Doab,Gujarat, and northern Afghanistan. Civilization , Harappa , History of essay India 6134 Words | 19 Pages. materials to give them insight into the life of the Harappan's. (2) Harappan's are the name given to Essay about writing uk any of the ancient people belonging to the Indus Valley . civilization. This article will be focusing mainly on the two largest cities of Harappa and Mohenjo - Daro , and what has been discovered there.

The discovery of the Indus Valley civilization was first recorded in the 1800's by the British. Essay School Students Newsweek? The first recorded note was by a British army deserter, James Lewis, who was posing as an American engineer. Bronze Age , Harappa , Indus River 3429 Words | 10 Pages. features are assigned to these times. Among the Writing essay volunteering, structures of period 2 are various flat, hard clay surfaces, some of which are paved with bricks associated . Argumentative Essay For High School Students? with fireplaces. Writing High School Volunteering? Cotton seeds may have been found in period2.

Woven cotton cloth was found at Mohenjo - Daro so the presence of for high school students cotton seeds at Mehrgarh may indicate that the essay, use of this plant reaches the very beginnings of food production in Pakistan. The dependence on domesticated animals continued to grow through this period, as did the reliance on. Bronze Age , Gujarat , Harappa 3252 Words | 10 Pages. Introduction and Location Indus civilization, also called Indus valley civilization or Harappan civilization, the Argumentative essay for high school students newsweek, earliest known urban culture of the Indian . Purchase? subcontinent. It was first identified in 1921 at Harappa in the Punjab region and then in school, 1922 at Mohenjo - daro (Mohenjodaro), near the Indus River in the Sindh (Sind) region, now both in Pakistan. Subsequently, vestiges of the civilization were found as far apart as SutkagenDor, near the Writing high school essay volunteering, shore of the Arabian Sea 300 miles (480 km) west of Karachi, also. Harappa , India , Indus River 3812 Words | 8 Pages. English MOEN JO DARO Chapter IX Four Q - 1) What is the best find of essay for high school Moen Jo Dao? . High School Essay? Ans: The best find of moen jo daro is The head of bull that was used as seal.

Q - 2) What do mean of Moen jo daro ? How old are the ruins of it? Ans: Moen – jo – Daro means the Mound. Mohenjo-daro , Muhammad , Muhammad Iqbal 6248 Words | 17 Pages. Indus River Modern-Day Pakistan Harappa and Mohenjo - Daro (Twin capitals) First to school students newsweek cultivate and weave cotton Discovered in . 1922 First city planning in essay for college yourself, history: grid pattern, uniform building style, rectangular city blocks, plumbing Barriers Seals not deciphered Figurines in essay for high newsweek, religion Sacred animals Polytheistic Economy agricultural Trade with Mesopotamia Aryans invade around 1500 BCE, superior technology, brought herds of livestock Mohenjo - Daro : One of Twin Capitals in Indus Valley Had. Afghanistan , Civilization , Harappa 332 Words | 3 Pages. Chinese and Harappan Civilization, the Two Different Rise of the State. walked different path of state formation.

Harappan civilization appeared little late but very suddenly. Professional Resume Writer Australia? Many scholars assumes that Harappan civilization . Essay School? could have been impacted Mesopotamian. Moreover, archaeologists discovered the high essay volunteering, citadel in Mohenjo - daro . Although not sure whether it was to essay for high school protect their citizens, the citadel definitely represented the centralized authority and increased quality of life. However, the relative rare luxury artifacts shows that there were apparently little buildup. China , Civilization , Harappa 1228 Words | 4 Pages. Civilization About Indus Valley Civilization The earliest traces of write personal statement application civilization in the Indian subcontinent are to for high students be found in places along, or . Professional Resume? close, to the Indus River. Excavations first conducted in 1921-22, in the ancient cities of students Harappa and Mohenjo - Daro , both now in Pakistan, pointed to a highly complex civilization that first developed some 4,500-5,000 years ago, and subsequent archaeological and historical research has now furnished us with a more detailed picture of the statement, Indus Valley Civilization. Harappa , India , Indus River 841 Words | 3 Pages. the river.

The flood waters led to the organization of the community and ultimately to development of political structures. Document #7 7. According to . this picture of Mohenjo - Daro , how did the people of Mohenjo - Daro modify their environment? The environment caused failure is the society of Mohenjo - daro . Mohenjo - daro deforrested their land to the point that it was unusable. Being an agricultural society, deforestation is going to cause it to fall apart. It look like a lack of natural. Ancient Egypt , Ancient history , Ancient Near East 1046 Words | 3 Pages. CHAPTER 4 Traditions and Encounters. that has not yet been able to be deciphered. We do however, that it had city walls, a fortified citadel, and a large granary-Harappa and for high . Mohenjo - daro represented an investment of human labor and established patterns to shape the larger society.

They had a high degree of standardization due to the Indus River which facilitated trade and communication. Mohenjo - daro had a very sophisticated water/sewage program. Harappans had deities associated with creation and Writing high procrastination. How do historians and. Hinduism , India , Indus Valley Civilization 773 Words | 2 Pages. (castes). It was said that [pic] Selected Answer: [pic] the students, four castes were created according to the wills of Indra and Agni (the god of My personal statement of faith fire). [pic] . Question 10 0 out of 1 points [pic] By about students 1700 B.C.E., the residents of My personal of faith is too Harappa and Mohenjo - daro began to abandon their cities because [pic] Selected Answer: [pic] All of the answers are correct. Essay Students Newsweek? [pic] Question 11 1 out of 1 points [pic] The Upanishads can be best characterized as [pic] Selected Answer: [pic] the resume, blending. Aryan , Caste , Caste system in for high school students, India 751 Words | 5 Pages.

innovations in the creation. Some houses in Professional resume, Mohenjo - Daro around 2800 B.C.E. For High? resemble atrium style houses?where there is an . Essay? interior courtyard. Also, the Argumentative essay students newsweek, foundation of these houses are based with thick wood to accommodate for stability of the structures on for university application health the upper floors. Essay For High Students? Harappa and Mohenjo - Daro are cities who housed large city walls, fortified citadels, marketplaces, temples, public buildings, streets schemed east, west, north, and south, and in for college, Mohenjo - Daro ?a large pool. These structures required.

Asia , Bronze Age , Chariot 1775 Words | 5 Pages. to trade, commerce, and Argumentative essay students newsweek invading others. Writing School Volunteering? The Nubians later come and Argumentative for high students newsweek take over Egypt, but almost all of Egypt's culture is kept. Indus River Valley: Found . Of Faith Is Too? along the Indus River, this is the essay for high students newsweek, homeland of two of the first known cities, Harrapa and Mohenjo - Daro . Sadly, the Aryan Indians later came and completely destroyed these cities, with barely any skeletal remains. Writing Essay? Hinduism was founded here. China- Found mostly around the Huang He (Yellow River), the order of dynasties is the mythical Xia, then Shang. Agriculture , Ancient Egypt , Human 1437 Words | 6 Pages. sus GeForce GTX 760 Video Card - 2GB GDDR5, PCI-Express 3.0 (x16), 1x Dual-Link DVI-D, 1x Dual-Link DVI-I, 1x DisplayPort, 1x HDMI, DirectX 11.1, Dual-Slot, Fan, (GTX760-DC2OC-2GD5) ?Ancient India Web Quest “The Ancient Civilizations of India” Go to Argumentative essay school students http://ancientweb.org/index.php/explore/country/India 1. What were the two major . cities within the ancient Indus River Valley civilization? a. Mohenjo Daro b. Harrapa 2. List 3 characteristics/features of these two ancient cities. a. writing system b. urban centers c. diversified social and economic system 3. Although copper and bronze were in How to write statement for university application, use during this time, which material was still unknown? iron 4. How do we.

Buddhism , Hindu , Hinduism 577 Words | 3 Pages. time they may act as an essay school students, attraction for tourists. Personal Statement Health? The tourism industry of Pakistan flourishes because of the existence of beautiful historical sites in the . country. Some of the most significant historical places in the country include Harappa, Mohenjo - Daro and Taxila. Harappa is situated approximately 200 km from Lahore in the Montgomery District of Argumentative essay for high Punjab. Writing High Volunteering? It is the place of the historic Indus Valley Civilization settlement which is as old as 5000 years and is a civilization which the modern day. Harappa , Indus River , Indus Valley Civilization 535 Words | 2 Pages. it may suggest greater cohesiveness and unity than it actually exists.

Indus Valley culture flourished between 3000-1500 BCE The Indus Valley civilization . may have spanned over one million square km Most important of the excavating sites are Mohenjo - Daro and Argumentative essay Harappa Concerned with procreation and purity Worship male animals as a way of incorporating their sexual powers Female reproduction powers were also regarded as sacred Female principle may have been revered as a goddess Purification practices. Buddhism , Hindu , Hinduism 543 Words | 3 Pages. independence of the How to personal statement for university application, Greek poleis finally fell under ………………………… 23 The Aryans’ term for Argumentative essay for high school newsweek, their original castes was …………… 24 One of the differenc es between . early Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism was that Mahayanna …………… 25 In the Sites of Harappa Mohenjo - Daro , archeologists have found a high degree of standardization of weights, measures, architectural styles, and even brick sizez. Such standardization may suggest that ……………………………………… 26 The author of Writing high school Indika, Megasthenes, conveyed …………… 27 The Roman. Afghanistan , Ancient Greece , Ancient Rome 1142 Words | 4 Pages. of Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. The civilization is famous for its large and well-planned cities. Over 1,052 cities and essay for high newsweek settlements have been found. Most . of these are small, but amongst them are some of the largest cities of their time, especially Harappa and Mohenjo - daro . The Indus Valley civilization covered most of Write paper scholarship what is today Pakistan and the Indian states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, and Punjab.

Settlements which were closely related to the core civilization - and for high school newsweek may have been colonies of my nursing it - have been. Afghanistan , Harappa , India 477 Words | 1 Pages. Similarities and Differences of Mesopotamia and Argumentative essay Shang China. advance and in the area of for university application health math. Argumentative For High Students Newsweek? Settlement patterns on Purchase essay for college yourself the Shang period are dispersed, in essay school students newsweek, a variety of villages and they also have ritual or ceremonial . centers. My Nursing Paper Scholarship? | Features | Mohenjo - Daro | Egypt | Community Development * Large settlements * Stable food supply * Trade and Argumentative essay for high school students communication | Mohenjo - Daro is Professional australia, one of the largest Indus cities also being one of the best preserved urban centers of Indus Civilization.

Their food consisted of wheat, barley, millet, fruit, vegetables and fish. Bourgeoisie , Indus Valley Civilization , Middle class 2231 Words | 6 Pages. not able to do so with their lack of sanitation. Jonathan Mark Kenoyer writes on his webpage that homes in the ancient city of . Mohenjo - Daro have shown the existence of Argumentative school students primitive toilets which shows that the people of early times knew that sanitation was an essential and needed to be improved for Write paper, their civilization to survive although the people of Mohenjo - Daro eventually died out in Argumentative for high school students, an unknown cause(Kenoyer 12). Writing High School Essay? 2. Stephen Goode writes that in an archaeology dig, diggers. Flush toilet , Plumbing fixture , Sewage treatment 2449 Words | 7 Pages. Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization, after Harappa, the first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s, in what was then the Punjab . province of British India, and is now in Pakistan. The discovery of Harappa, and soon afterwards, Mohenjo - Daro , was the culmination of essay newsweek work beginning in 1861 with the founding of the Archaeological Survey of Professional resume writer India in the British Raj.

Excavation of Harappan sites has been ongoing since 1920, with important breakthroughs occurring as recently as 1999. Argumentative Essay For High? There. Bronze Age , Harappa , India 464 Words | 1 Pages. Cities Job Speciallization Government. (John,W,n.d.). In Indus civilisation, the Harappans used the same size bricks and standardized weights as were used in other Indus cities such as . Mohenjo Daro and Dholavira. These cities were well planned with wide streets, public and Essay about writing essays private wells, drains, bathing platforms and reservoirs. One of essay for high school its most well-known structures is the Great Bath of My personal short Mohenjo Daro . . Ancient Egypt , Ancient history , Ancient Near East 436 Words | 2 Pages. Not sure if positive or negative Female figure of essay school mergarh Can see nipples (clear features) Prominent breasts and hips Found in is too short, India, this female . figure has hair in large buns, large hips and breasts Notice the very clear features Mohenjo - Daro Dancing Girls Dancing girls in traditional dancing postures Tribal people Prostitutes Found in Mohenjodaro, close to a fireplace in essay school, one of the rooms of a large structure, this exquisite casting depicts a dark skinned young tribal girl of aboriginal. Casting , Dance , Female 725 Words | 3 Pages.

Dbq Essay on writer Geographies Affects on the World. everything we can to protect where we live. geography can really influence the successfulness of keeping your city under control and safe from others. Argumentative Essay For High Students Newsweek? . Essay About Writing? Building new structures such as temples and houses was greatly affected by geography. The picture of Mohenjo daro displays the Argumentative for high students newsweek, structures built there and educates the Writing high school volunteering, public on what common buildings looked like (6). Mountains, rivers, land, all these can affect the success of an for high students newsweek, economy. You never know what could happen and although ancient people didn’t have. Ancient Egypt , Ancient history , Ancient Near East 814 Words | 3 Pages. AP World History Chapter 1 Guided Reading. for the My personal statement short, acquisition of raw materials, such as metals and essay school students newsweek precious stones, from writing uk Afghanistan and Argumentative essay for high students Iran. Purchase For College? Mohenjo - Daro - Largest of . the cities of the Indus Valley civilization. It was centrally located in the extensive floodplain of the school students, Indus River in contemporary Pakistan. Little is known about the write personal for university, political institutions of Indus Valley communities, but the large-scale of essay for high construction at Mohenjo - Daro , the for college, orderly grid of streets, and Argumentative essay for high newsweek the standardization of building materials are evidence of central planning.

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Cartels case studies legal cases. Read about cartel activities the ACCC has investigated. This case involved price fixing, bid rigging and market sharing by four foreign companies that supplied rubber hosing to essay transfer oil and gas from production and storage facilities to offshore tankers. The four companies involved (Dunlop Oil Marine, Bridgestone Corp., Trelleborg Industrie SAS and Parker ITR) each appointed members to a committee that allocated jobs and coordinated bidding and quoting for these jobs. The designated winner of the contract was referred to as the Write my nursing paper ‘champion’ and the cartel used such codes and other covert tactics to conceal their activities. The cartel was international and the key meetings were held oversees, but the successful court action was based on the cartel giving effect to their agreement in the Australian market, following global enforcement action taken by competition authorities in the USA, UK, Europe and Japan. In 2010 the Federal Court of Australia made orders restraining the parties from repeating such conduct and imposed penalties exceeding $8 million. In late 2000, the Commonwealth Department of essay newsweek Defence conducted a tender for demolition and asbestos removal at its Salisbury site in South Australia. Purchase Essay For College? The project was valued at over $2 million.

McMahon Services and SA Demolition and Salvage, the two companies bidding for the job, along with the preferred asbestos removal subcontractor (DV Services) met to discuss the tender. A manager from McMahons supplied the other demolition company with an inflated figure or ‘cover price’ to bid for the job, knowing that their bid was lower. McMahons consequently won the job and awarded the asbestos removal subcontract to DV Services, as agreed at the meeting. An insider alerted the ACCC and in school students 2004 the Federal Court penalised the companies and several key individuals more than $535 000. The companies and individuals also provided undertakings to How to statement application health the Court not to repeat the conduct and agreed to Argumentative for high newsweek attend compliance training. In a remote region of South Australia, a truck and tractor mechanic quoted on Professional writer australia the repair to a front end loader. The customer stated that they would seek a competitive quote.

As there was only one other operator in the region, the mechanic wrote a note on Argumentative for high school students newsweek the quote inviting the other mechanic to ‘cover’ him on high school this job (quote higher) and essay for high school that he would return the paper scholarship favour in the future. He asked his secretary to fax the quote to his competitor. The secretary made an error and for high students newsweek faxed the How to personal statement for university application note to the customer, who promptly informed the ACCC. School? The matter was settled by the mechanic giving court enforceable undertakings not to repeat the conduct, among other things. For about 10 years until 1997 most of the companies in the fire alarm and fire sprinkler installation industry in Brisbane held regular meetings, at which they agreed to allow certain tenders to be won by particular competitors. Calling themselves the ‘Sprinkler Coffee Club’ and the ‘Alarms Coffee Club’, the groups would meet up over a cup of coffee at high essay volunteering, hotels, cafes, and for high newsweek various sporting and my nursing paper scholarship social clubs.

At these meetings they would share tenders and decide who was to submit ‘cover prices’ to make the tender process look legitimate, while ensuring the agreed company won the tender. It has been estimated that this conduct affected contracts worth more than $500 million. The Federal Court imposed more than $14 million in penalties on the companies and some of their executives. Queensland pre-mixed concrete cartel. The Pioneer, Boral and CSR cartel involved bid rigging, price fixing and market sharing in the pre-mixed concrete market in south-east Queensland from 1989 until 1994. The participants had more than 50 regular meetings and phone conversations. Argumentative For High Newsweek? In addition to scholarship fixing prices, they agreed on market shares and not to compete on specified major projects. Market shares were maintained by the companies recognising certain customers (referred to as “pets”) as belonging to Argumentative essay for high newsweek certain suppliers and agreeing not to compete for their business. The participants even engaged an accountant to monitor market shares so they could enforce compliance with the agreement.

The arrangement led to considerable overcharging on major construction jobs, including federal, state and local government projects. Penalties of $6.6 million were imposed on each company. Penalties were also imposed on six executives, the maximum being $100 000. The case demonstrated a blatant disregard for the law, as each of the write personal statement application health corporate groups had previously been found to Argumentative school students have engaged in similar conduct. Heavy Construction Tenders and ‘Loser’s Fees’ The tender for the Commonwealth Office at Haymarket, Sydney, in 1988 led to the exposure of long-term collusive practices by large construction firms.

Before the close of tender, the industry association, the Australian Federation of Construction Contractors, called a meeting of the write statement application four firms bidding for the contract. It was agreed that the winning firm should pay the three losers $750 000 each, and essay school students newsweek the AFCC $1 million. The project was worth around $200 million. The transactions were to be concealed by invoices for my nursing consultancy services. The arrangement was exposed by a New South Wales Royal Commission into the construction industry. The Federal Court issued penalties of $1.75 million on the companies and individuals involved. It came out in the case that ‘loser’s fees’ were a common arrangement in the industry. The court found that there was an Argumentative essay school newsweek expectation (thus an agreement) that these fees were levied in addition to the contract price.

As such, they were an imposition on the developer, in this case the Commonwealth government, and Writing high volunteering therefore on the taxpayer. The major Australian suppliers and manufacturers of both power and distribution transformers were involved in price fixing, bid rigging and market allocation within domestic markets with a combined value of around $160 million per year. Argumentative Essay School Students Newsweek? The customers affected by the cartel included some of the How to write personal for university application largest electricity transmission and distribution utilities across Australia, many of them publicly owned, resulting in Australian consumers paying higher electricity bills. A whistleblower alerted the ACCC to the cartel conduct. The cartel included the principal manufacturers and suppliers of essay students newsweek transformers in Australia and is too short covered virtually 100% of the Argumentative essay for high students newsweek industry, including the ABB companies, Schneider Electric (Aust), Wilson Transformers, Alstom Australia and AW Tyree. The collusion involved executives at the highest level, and australia featured secret meetings in hotel rooms, airport lounges and private residences in various locations across Australia. These meetings rigged the outcomes of multimillion dollar contracts, with at least 27 tenders being rigged between 1993 and 1999. Some aspects of the students cartel ran from 1989 to 1999. A 2004 study by the Australian National University concluded that the cartel extracted an extra $70 million to $80 million from its customers between 1994 and 1999. The Federal Court imposed penalties of more than $35 million on the participating companies and some of their executives. The Court was particularly scathing about the fact that the arrangement was coordinated by senior executives, including managing directors.

Total penalties imposed on Professional resume writer individual executives exceeded one million dollars, with the highest being $200 000. In 1995 a manager from Simsmetal, the largest scrap metal merchant in the southern hemisphere, attempted to coerce a South Australian competitor into a market sharing agreement. He proposed that the two companies would not compete for suppliers of foundry grade scrap steel. He then threatened to use Simsmetal’s considerable financial resources to ‘destroy’ the competitor’s business if he didn’t agree, and to ‘look after’ him if he complied. The smaller operator secretly recorded the demands at Argumentative essay school students newsweek, the second meeting. The Federal Court took a dim view of the matter, particularly since it was less than a year after Simsmetal were penalised for similar conduct in Victoria.

The Court made an order restraining the company from Writing essay, repeating the conduct, applied a penalty of $2 million and awarded $100 000 towards the ACCC’s costs. This case involved TNT Australia, Ansett Industries and Argumentative for high school newsweek Mayne Nickless. Writing School Essay Volunteering? In five significant meetings between 1987 and 1990, attended by essay school representatives of Professional resume writer each of the companies, a series of agreements were reached to allocate customers and Argumentative for high school students share the market. The conduct included agreements between the write statement for university companies not to poach each other’s customers. When customers moved from one provider to another, the companies balanced their accounts of Argumentative school newsweek customers lost and high school volunteering gained, and paid or received compensation. The companies also agreed to ‘burn’ switching customers by deliberately providing poor service in order to compel customers to return to a supplier with which they might have been dissatisfied. In one instance a customer’s perishable freight was intentionally delayed and eventually kept at the back of the freight facility and not sent, to drive them back to essay newsweek their previous freight supplier, who in turn charged higher prices when the customer returned to them.

Each of the companies acted on these agreements on many occasions. The practices were believed to have been in place for Purchase essay for college 20 years. In 1995, fines of $11 million were imposed. Joyce Corporation, Foamlite Australia and Vita Pacific all manufactured and supplied flexible polyurethane foam for mainly industrial use in the Queensland market. Several employees of the companies became friends and attended regular luncheons together, where they eventually formed a series of agreements to maintain market shares and to refrain from competing for various customers.

The lunch meetings and phone calls between these employees enabled the operation of the cartel. Argumentative Essay Students Newsweek? The purpose of the contacts and the agreements reached were kept secret from the My personal statement is too short companies’ senior management. It was complaints of breaches of the cartel agreement that eventually brought the essay students newsweek cartel to light. Volunteering? In 1998/99 the companies and some of the employees were fined a total of $2.9 million with an additional $150 000 levied for the ACCC’s costs. For High School Newsweek? This case clearly demonstrates that companies are liable for the conduct of employees and senior managers need to ensure that all staff act lawfully.

Tasmanian Atlantic salmon growers. In 2002 the Tasmanian Atlantic salmon industry was in financial difficulty and decided that supply was outstripping demand. The industry association, the Tasmanian Atlantic Salmon Growers Association (TSGA), decided that if all members culled stocks by around 10 per cent, this would meet demand and avoid further price falls. It sought legal advice but did not correctly brief its lawyers. The advice that the Writing high essay cull would not breach competition laws was consequently flawed. Argumentative Essay Newsweek? After a meeting of growers approved the plan, agreements were circulated. One member, Tassal, subsequently culled its stocks. The ACCC investigated and the cull was stopped.

Due to the parlous state of the industry and the fact that legal advice had been sought and writing cooperation shown, the ACCC chose not to pursue penalties. It instead obtained court orders that the industry establish a trade practice compliance training program and stop any future culls. In June 2006, competition authorities simultaneously raided airline offices in the United States and Europe, in order to investigate claims that many major airlines had colluded in the setting of their fuel and security surcharges. German carrier Lufthansa informed the authorities of the illegal agreements and were granted immunity from prosecution. Internationally, penalties imposed by competition authorities have exceeded one and a half billion US dollars and several airline executives have faced jail terms. In addition, several airlines have faced class actions and have had to compensate customers measuring hundreds of millions of Argumentative essay for high dollars. In Australia, the ACCC has pursued 15 local, European and How to personal statement for university health Asian based airlines for price fixing in the Australian air cargo market.

The Federal Court has imposed $58 million in penalties to date including a $20 million penalty against Qantas, $5 million against British Airways and $5.5 million against essay for high school students each of Japan Airlines and high school essay Korean Airlines. Each penalty was reduced depending on school the level of co-operation provided to Write paper scholarship the ACCC with Qantas receiving the largest discount of essay students 50%. Qantas has also paid several overseas penalties and My personal statement of faith is too short a senior executive was jailed for 6 months in school the United States of America. Legal proceedings against other airlines are continuing. Queensland Construction Cover Pricing. Between 2004 and 2007, three construction companies (TF Woollam Son, JM Kelly and Carmichael Builders) engaged in cover pricing when bidding on four government projects. The companies also misled their clients by signing statements that they had not colluded with their competitors during the bidding process. Cover pricing is Write paper scholarship, a practice which has developed within the building industry, both in Australia and abroad.

It was alleged by the ACCC to have been used in situations where a construction company may not have the time, resources or inclination to prepare an Argumentative essay school newsweek accurate tender, but still wants to be seen as tendering for My personal is too short that project. In this instance, cover pricing involved discussions between two potential suppliers (builders) in a tender process. Company A does not want to win the contract for reasons identified above and so asks company B (who intends to make a genuine tender) to Argumentative essay school provide them with a ‘cover price’. Both companies understand that this ‘cover price’ will be higher than company B’s tender price. Once the cover price has been received from company B, company A (should it choose to tender) then submits its tender to Purchase for college yourself the client at Argumentative essay for high newsweek, a price which is at or above the cover price. This gives the client the impression that both companies are tendering competitively, but the exchange of the cover price actually ensures that company A's tender price is essays uk, higher than that of company B and therefore makes it unlikely that company A will be the successful tenderer. In 2011 the Federal Court described this cover pricing as ‘illegal price controlling conduct’ and the making of the essay school newsweek false statements as ‘a betrayal of trust’. Write My Nursing Paper Scholarship? The three companies were penalised a total of Argumentative essay for high students $1.3 million and two key individuals received penalties totalling $80 000. Between 2000 and 2004, several international companies that supplied paper products formed a cartel known as the for college AAA club. The secret meetings of this ‘club’ were held in south-east Asian countries, particularly those that had no anti-trust (cartel) laws at the time. The participants made price fixing agreements for the supply of school newsweek copy and australia other papers into various markets including Australia.

In 2010 and 2011, several of those companies were penalised more than $8 million by the Federal Court of Australia. The Court also made injunctions restraining the companies from repeating their conduct, and ordered them to pay $550 000 towards the ACCC’s legal costs. Despite the Argumentative essay school newsweek agreements being made outside of the country, Australian laws were breached because the illegal deal was put into effect in the Australian market and harmed local consumers. Between them, Visy and Amcor controlled around 90 per cent of the corrugated fibre packaging market (the humble cardboard carton), which was worth some $1.8 billion to $2 billion per year. From 2000 to 2004, the two companies conspired to raise the prices of their products while maintaining their respective market shares. Both companies nominated executives to consult on and coordinate price rises and for college yourself collude when negotiating quotes for customers. These executives met regularly and secretly in public places such as hotels and parks, and Argumentative for high school students also communicated using public phones and special prepaid mobiles. When larger customers wished to paper renegotiate contracts, the two companies swapped information to ensure that the competitor’s quote was higher than the existing price structure (this practice is known as cover pricing). The scheme was discovered only Argumentative essay school students, when Amcor management reported to the ACCC and Amcor was granted immunity from prosecution.

Visy eventually admitted its role in the cartel. It was fined $36 million by the Federal Court, and fines to individuals totalled $2 million. My Nursing? Thousands of firms (and ultimately millions of consumers) were significantly overcharged by for high school the cartel. The Federal Court ordered Visy and Amcor to pay $95 million in damages to a customer class action involving more than 4500 businesses. This is what one of our Federal Court judges, Mr Justice Heerey said in November 2007, when he issued his judgement on this well-known Visy cartel case: The law, and high essay volunteering the way it is enforced, should convey to those disposed to engage in Argumentative students cartel behaviour that the consequences of Writing high volunteering discovery are likely to outweigh the benefits, and by a large margin. Every day every man, woman and child in Australia would use or consume something that at some stage has been transported in a cardboard box. The cartel in this case therefore had the potential for Argumentative essay school the widest possible effect. The whole point of price fixing and market sharing is to obtain the benefit of prices greater than those which would be obtained in a competitive market. The cartel here went on writer australia for almost five years. Had it not been accidentally exposed, it would probably still be flourishing.

It was run from the highest level in Argumentative newsweek Visy, a very substantial company. It was carefully and deliberately concealed. It was operated by men who were fully aware of its seriously unlawful nature. Three Australian suppliers of animal vitamins held meetings and telephone conversations during which they agreed on the prices they would charge for certain vitamins. They were the Australian subsidiaries of large foreign companies that had also entered into Writing high volunteering price fixing and market allocation agreements overseas. The Federal Court imposed penalties of $26 million against the Australian suppliers. Several companies, including Tubemakers of Australia Ltd, supplied plastic pipes for water and sewerage systems and Argumentative students newsweek various fittings and of faith is too valves for Argumentative students newsweek ductile iron cement lined pipes. These products were used, among other things to connect to write for university application health new housing developments. Officers of the companies met in a Coolangatta restaurant and agreed to raise prices, limit discounts, rig tenders and to avoid competing for each other’s customers. They subsequently met at cafes and Argumentative restaurants and contacted each other by phone.

One of the participants maintained computer software designed to detect any sales that deviated from the agreement so the my nursing scholarship deal could be enforced. In 1999 and 2000 the Argumentative school Federal Court imposed penalties of $2.85 million and ordered that $1.23 million be reimbursed to affected customers – mostly local councils. The court also ordered compliance programs for the smaller companies and an updated program for Tubemakers. Of note was the fact that a senior sales manager for Tubemakers acted without the writer australia knowledge or approval of the company’s other senior managers and essay students newsweek directors. The Managing Director of a major car rental company rang his regional manager in Alice Springs and directed him to contact local competitors and propose that they all cease to discount car rentals during the off-peak tourist season. Covert meetings were held at a restaurant, the golf course and at other social functions and the local competitors all agreed to the scheme. It has been estimated that consumers paid an average of $300 extra per rental while the agreement was in place. In 1998 the companies and some of the individuals involved were penalised a total of $1.54 million.

ACCC v CC Constructions and school volunteering others (1999) The tender for the Commonwealth Office at Haymarket, Sydney, in 1988 led to the exposure of long-term collusive practices by Argumentative for high school students large construction firms. Before the close of write health tender the industry association, the Australian Federation of Construction Contractors (AFCC), called a meeting of the four firms bidding for the contract. It was agreed that to enable recovery of overheads associated with preparing tenders the winning firm should pay the three losers $750 000 each, and school newsweek the AFCC $1 million. The project was worth around $200 million. The transactions were to be concealed by invoices for consultancy services. The arrangement was difficult to Purchase detect because it added fixed price components to the final tender prices, which were otherwise prepared in competition with each other. The competitive positions of each of these companies were not disturbed.

The arrangement was exposed by a New South Wales Royal Commission into the construction industry. The Federal Court issued penalties of $1.75 million on the companies and Argumentative essay for high school students newsweek individuals involved. It came out in the case that ‘loser’s fees’ were a common arrangement in the industry. The court found that there was an Write my nursing expectation (thus an Argumentative essay for high school agreement) that these fees were levied in addition to the contract price. As such, they were an imposition on the developer, in this case the Commonwealth government, and Writing high essay therefore on Argumentative school newsweek the taxpayer. ACCC v Tasmanian Salmon Growers Association (TSGA) and statement of faith is too short others (2003) When the TSGA proposed that its members cull stocks to reduce supply, it sought legal advice as to whether the scheme would breach the essay newsweek then Trade Practices Act.

However, it did not correctly or completely brief its lawyers. The advice it received was based on an understanding that the essay volunteering cull was merely a recommendation to members, whereas the TSGA intended to seek written undertakings from its members to ensure that all complied with the essay school students cull. Consequently the advice was flawed. The ACCC and My personal of faith is too short the Federal Court took this into account, along with the cooperation shown by Argumentative the parties. No penalties were sought but the court ordered that no future culls be attempted, and resume that trade practices training be undertaken and compliance programs established.

The TSGA and Tassal, the one company that had begun the essay school newsweek cull, were ordered to contribute to the ACCC’s costs.

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