Management accounting notes of tybcom

Jan 27, 2018 Management accounting notes of tybcom, order essay from experienced writers with ease -

Bank of Canada Interview Questions. Management Accounting Notes Of Tybcom! Interviews for Top Jobs at Bank of Canada. Help Write Online Narrative! Your trust is our top concern, so companies can't alter or remove reviews. I applied online. The process took 4+ weeks.

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Familiarize yourself with Statistics Canada#039;s website. Read the primers available on the Bank of Canada website as well, and brush up on your excel and econometrics notes. Bank of Canada Response. I applied online. I interviewed at Bank of Canada (Vancouver, BC). Management Accounting Notes Of Tybcom! It was a very technical process. There were two people and they take turns in asking econ/econometric questions. They expect you to know a lot of Economics and Econometrics for song the interview. Notes! Prepare macro and econometrics well. If an economist left the Help narrative bank, what would you do?

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Jan 27, 2018 Management accounting notes of tybcom, order essay paper -

Search #038; Seizure, Open Fields Doctrine. MEMORANDUM ON DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO SUPPRESS STATEMENT OF FACTS Owyhee County is located in notes of tybcom, the south west corner of Idaho. The Owyhee Mountains fill the west portion of Owyhee County. Online Narrative! Mud Flat Field and Marmaduke Spring are located in the Owyhee Mountains, in the west central portion of Owyhee County, south of South Mountain and north of Juniper Mountain. Of Tybcom! The Mud Flat Field is approximately two miles long from North to South. The south end of the company fox, Mud Flat Field borders the Management notes of tybcom, Mud Flat road.

Over this road one can travel to Jordan Valley, Oregon, from Grandview, Idaho. From the Mud Flat road, a person enters the Mud Flat through the locked gate or through another, unlocked, gate. The unlocked gate is approximately 25 yards east of the Homework papers latino, locked gate. Management Notes Of Tybcom! In July 1995, a number of persons, including *** Bennett, had keys to Help university, the locked gate. Near the south end of the accounting notes, field is a set of corrals. Help Write Online Narrative! Defendant *** Tobias’ cabin is accounting approximately a quarter mile east of the corrals. The cabin is help not visible from the corrals. In the summer of 1995 the defendants Tobias and *** Black, were running cattle in the Mud Flat field and adjoining fields.

Marmaduke Spring is located about a quarter mile west of the northwest end of the Mud Flat Field, over a saddle from the field. On July 21, 1995, an Idaho Air National Guard helicopter pilot, *** Brummett, flew a mission over the Owyhee Mountains. While flying over Management notes of tybcom, Marmaduke Spring, Brummett saw a number of dead cows. Brummett initially observed the cows from the air; he then landed his helicopter and inspected the homework, cows on foot. Brummett found *** Bennett’s truck parked near the north end of the Mud Flat Field. Management Notes! The truck was approximately a quarter mile east and over a ridge from the dead cows and the spring.

Bennett was not at his truck. He brought the Owyhee County Sheriff, Tim Nettleton, Owyhee County Sheriff’s Deputy Jim Bish and homework an Idaho Deputy Brand Inspector, Chuck Hall, with him. They got onto the Mud Flat field through the locked gate using Bennett’s key. They inspected the dead cows. The cattle had been shot through the Management, head and were lying on espaã±ol their left sides or were on their bellies. Each had at least one ear removed and each had an 11 inch by 11 inch (approximate) patch of hide missing from the right shoulder; The significance of the removal of the ear is that a numbered (“Bangs”) tag is notes attached to the ear. The owner of cattle can be determined by the tag even if the brand is destroyed Some of the cows had bled. The cows were tentatively identified as *** King’s. Gordon King’s brand is a “Heart-K” on the right shoulder; exactly where the hide had been cut from the cows. The cows appeared to help online, have had calves nurse them after they had been killed.

After inspecting the cows, Bennett, Nettleton and Hall went to the Mud Flat Corral and found Tobias. They told him what they were doing and asked him whether he had seen anyone in the area during the past few days. He denied that he had. The following day, July 22, 1995, law enforcement officers, lab technicians and accounting notes of tybcom citizens returned to the Marmaduke Spring area to Writing custom, try to figure out what happened. During that day *** King found a Charolais cross calf in the Mud Flat Field. This calf had an open wound on its right shoulder from where a “Heart-K” brand had been skinned. The calf had a new “T-cross” brand on its left hip. Officers and cowboys found 12 skinned and rebranded calves during the next few days. Two calves were found in Tobias’ and Black’s Mud Flat Field. The remainder of the calves were found in an allotment Tobias and Black shared with their neighbors, the Colletts. Accounting Notes Of Tybcom! Each calf had a chunk of hide missing from its right shoulder, some had new ear marks, and each had a new “T-cross” brand.

Skin, hair and blood samples were taken from the skinned calves and the dead cows. The samples were sent to the Stormont Laboratory for DNA testing. The tests established that at least eight of the calves came from eight of the dead cows. An Idaho brand officer, Chuck Hall, was near the corrals and saw saddles in the back of Homework help, Tobias’ pickup. On one saddle’s horn wrap Hall saw what appeared to be a fairly fresh spot of blood pressed into Management accounting notes the wrap. Hall is an experienced cowboy and his opinion was that blood may have come from one of the cows or calves. Writing Custom! Hall cut a small piece of leather containing the spot of blood off the accounting notes, saddlehorn wrap. Later, *** Black claimed that saddle. When asked at the preliminary hearing why he took the piece of leather, Hall said, “I saw it as evidence, and if I hadn’t taken it at that time I may not have ever seen it again. ” (PH, p. Writing Essays! 572. Accounting Of Tybcom! ) The leather and blood were sent to the Stormont lab.

The lab determined that the spot was blood and that it came from one of the stolen calves. On July 21, when Nettleton first saw the Help an essay online narrative, dead cows and told Tobias about them, he saw the accounting, blood on Tobias’ pants. The following day Tobias was wearing the same pants. Nettleton decided, based on his experience as a cowboy and a hunter, that the blood pattern on the pants was unusual. It was not the pattern of blood as it usually appears on the pants of a cowboy, or a hunter. Blood on homework the pants of a hunter or cowboy will be wiped on accounting from wiping off either hands or knives or as specks from the Homework help library, spray of cut small arteries. The blood in of tybcom, this instance was smeared and soaked onto the thigh area of the pants and had dripped down onto the cuff area.

Nettleton believed that the blood may have come from the cows and calves. He believed that the blood pattern came from Tobias’ having laid the skinned patches of narrative, cow and/or calf hide on his pants. The patches of hide from the cows and calves were never recovered. Near the end of the notes, day of July 22, Nettleton approached Tobias and told him that he had probable cause, but did not want, to arrest him. Nettleton asked Tobias for his pants.

Tobias asked Sheriff Nettleton what would happen if he did not give Sheriff Nettleton the pants and Nettleton replied that he would have to Help an essay online, arrest him. Tobias consented to give up the pants. The pants were sent to the Stormont lab and of tybcom DNA tests were performed on write an essay narrative them. The tests showed that blood on the pants matched that from one of the dead cows. DEFENSE ARGUMENTS The arguments are set out in Tobias’ “Memorandum in Support of Defendant’s Pretrial Motions. Accounting Notes Of Tybcom! ” I. THE THRESHOLD MATTER BECAUSE TOBIAS HAS MADE NO SHOWING THAT HIS UNITED STATES CONSTITUTIONAL FOURTH AMENDMENT RIGHTS HAVE BEEN VIOLATED, THIS COURT SHOULD NOT CONSIDER HIS ARGUMENTS.

As a threshold matter, this court must determine whether Tobias has standing to assert a violation of the help online, 4th Amendment to the United States Constitution. In order to notes of tybcom, show standing Tobias must show that the search or seizure violated his own privacy, liberty or possessor interests. Rakas v. Illinois 439 U. S. 128, nt. 1, (1978); Smith v. Maryland, 442 U. S. 736, 740, 99 S. Ct. Writing Reviews! 2577, 2580, 61 L. Ed. 2d 220 (1979). Tobias has an obligation to demonstrate, by affidavit or testimony, that any of his privacy, liberty or possessor interests have been violated. Tobias has not shown either a subjective or objective expectation of privacy.

The facts demonstrate that Tobias and Black had little, if any, expectation of privacy in the Marmaduke Spring kill site, in the Mud Flat field, in the Mud Flat field corrals, in the open back of Tobias’ pickup truck, in the federal allotment that Tobias and Black shared with the Colletts, in the dead cows found near Marmaduke Spring, in King’s calf found in Management notes, the Mud Flat field, in the running irons found at the Mud Flat field corrals, in the running irons and blood spot found on the saddle which was located in the open back of Tobias’ pickup truck at the Mud Flat field corrals, in the bloody pants that Tobias was wearing, in the calves found on the federal allotment that Tobias and Black shared with the Colletts, the Marmaduke Spring, the Mud Flat corral, the Mud Flat Field, or his pickup. Tobias has shown no ownership interest Marmaduke Spring. He has shown no violated privacy interest in the Mud Flat Field, or the custom youtube, Collett/Tobias/Black allotment. Tobias has not claimed an ownership interest in the evidence seized from the deceased cows, the calves or the Management notes of tybcom, saddle leather. Therefore, the court should not consider his arguments nor grant his motion to papers online espaã±ol latino, suppress regarding this evidence. II. THE MUD FLAT CORRAL SEARCH ARGUMENT THE MUD FLAT CORRALS WERE OUTSIDE THE AREA OF FOURTH AMENDMENT PROTECTION BECAUSE TOBIAS HAD NO REASONABLE EXPECTATION OF PRIVACY IN THEM. The state will first analyze Tobias’ reasonable expectation of privacy in the corral area. The analysis of his interest in accounting notes of tybcom, the Mud Flat field, the federal allotment that Tobias shared with the Colletts, and the Marmaduke Spring kill site, will be substantially the same. If the court finds that Tobias had no reasonable expectation of privacy in Homework online, the corral area, then it should find that he had no reasonable expectation of privacy in the other areas. In order to determine if the Fourth Amendment applies, the court has to determine if the person objecting to the search or seizure has a reasonable expectation of privacy in the place searched or the thing seized (because if there is no reasonable expectation of privacy violated there is no search or seizure), if there was a search or seizure, if the state was involved, and, finally, if an exception applies.

Should this court consider Tobias’ search and seizure claims it should consider that the facts show diminished and missing subjective and objective expectations of privacy. The Fourth Amendment prohibits only those searches and seizures that are “unreasonable. Management Of Tybcom! While the appellate courts presume that warrantless searches are unreasonable, the service, state rebuts this presumption when it demonstrates, by a preponderance of the evidence based on the totality of the circumstances, that the search was reasonable. The state can also rebut the presumption when it shows that the search came under one of the exceptions to the warrant requirement. In other words Tobias must show that he had a reasonable expectation of privacy which was violated. A. Open Fields The Fourth Amendment “protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ” Katz, 389 U. S. at 351. The person must have an actual, or subjective, expectation of privacy, and the expectation must be one that society will recognize as reasonable. Katz, 389 U. S. at 361. Federal courts have consistently held that there is no constitutionally protected privacy interest in Management notes, the area outside of the curtilage a home. In Hester v. United States, 265 U. S. 57 (1924), federal agents entered onto Homework papers online, Hester’s lands looking for, and finding, his illegal still.

The court held that the Fourth Amendment did not protect open fields. Management Accounting Of Tybcom! The Court reiterated that holding in Oliver v. United States, 466 U. S. 170 (1984), and United States v. Dunn, 480 U. S. 294 (1987). In Oliver, the officers acted on anonymous tips, ignored “no trespassing” signs, and found secluded marijuana fields on private land. The Supreme Court again held that open fields do not provide the Homework, setting for those intimate activities that the Fourth Amendment is intended to shelter from government interference or surveillance. Therefore, there is no reasonable expectation of privacy, even though the police are trespassers in the unprotected areas.

In Dunn narcotics officers trespassed onto Dunn’s farm. They climbed over accounting, fences and crossed open fields. They avoided the house but went to the barn and other outlying structures. They crossed over more fences and looked inside, but did not go inside, the essays youtube, barn. The Supreme Court said there was no Fourth Amendment protection in the area where the trespass occurred.

The Court discussed curtilage concepts and factors such as distance from the residence, enclosures surrounding the residence, the Management accounting notes of tybcom, uses to which the area was being put, and owner’s efforts at concealment. It then ruled that the online, open fields doctrine applied. Management Accounting Notes! Although the Idaho appellate courts have found the federal definition of curtilage unduly restrictive, they nevertheless analyze curtilage similarly. In State v. Kelly, 106 Idaho 268 (Ct. App. 1984) and State v. Young, 107 Idaho 671 (Ct. App. Write! 1984), the appellants asked the court to examine Oliver‘s effect on Katz and Hester.

The court of appeals declined to do so. The court did not agree with the appellants that the evidence should have been suppressed. The court also examined the federal cases in relation to Management accounting, Idaho’s constitutional law. It decided the cases by determining that the defendants had exhibited no reasonable expectation of privacy. In Kelly, the court commented that the officers seized the marijuana after going over the defendant’s insubstantial barbed wire fence. The court also noted there was no evidence of “no trespassing” signs. In Young, the company, court said that while the officers had initially encountered a gate, a fence and “no trespassing” signs, they had walked around them to an area where there were no signs, gates or fences. The officers then entered Young’s land and saw the marijuana. Accounting Notes Of Tybcom! Tobias, in his brief, implies that under no “stretch of the imagination” can the search at the Mud Flat corrals be justified. He suggests that the Do your music, Mud Flat corrals are within the curtilage of his cabin and are immediately adjacent to Management notes, his cabin. Writing Custom Youtube! (Deft’s Mem. , p. 7. Accounting Of Tybcom! ) To support the argument, he cites a number of other state courts as having held that corrals “are within the constitutionally protected ‘curtilage’ of a farmhouse. ” (Deft’s Mem. , p. 8. ) To suggest that corrals are by definition within the custom, curtilege of a house is to expand the definition of notes of tybcom, curtilage beyond Idaho law.

Curtilage: encompasses the Help with phd proposal xavier university, area, including domestic buildings, immediately adjacent to a home which a reasonable person may expect to remain private even though it is accessible to the public. State v. Cada, supra; State v. Clark, 124 Idaho 308 (Ct. App. Management Of Tybcom! 1993); State v. Rigoulot, 123 Idaho 267 (Ct. App. 1992), emphasis added. Custom! It is clear from the photographs and accounting notes from the preliminary hearing testimony that the corrals are not ”immediately adjacent to a home. Papers Online Espaã±ol Latino! ” Clearly, the corrals are not located within “a small piece of land” around the cabin. (See attached photograph. ) Tobias’ cabin is concealed from the accounting notes of tybcom, corrals. There is a tree-covered ridge isolating the cabin from the corrals.

Tobias’ cabin sits below the ridge. His cabin is approximately a quarter mile from the corrals. The corrals are not part of a barnyard immediately adjacent to a home. Their association with the cabin is that they are along the Homework papers espaã±ol latino, road leading to the cabin. The road ends and the path to accounting of tybcom, the cabin begins, near the corrals. While the corrals are not clearly visible from the Mud Flat Road, they are easily seen from the road that goes through the Mud Flat field and on to Bennett’s ranch.

There are no special fences that set the corrals and homework song music the cabin apart from the Management of tybcom, rest of the Mud Flat field. The corrals are within sight of, and on the edge of, the write online narrative, Mud Flat field. The corrals are presumably used for Management the livestock within the Mud Flat field. As can be seen in the attached photograph, many paths lead to the corrals. Both in use and location, the corrals are more closely associated with the with phd proposal xavier, Mud Flat field than with Tobias’ cabin. It is fair to characterize the corrals as outside the area that “a reasonable person may expect to remain private,” therefore outside the area included in the cabin’s curtilage, and therefore outside the area of Fourth Amendment protection. B. Plain View However, if the court includes the Mud Flat corrals within the Management accounting notes, curtilage of Tobias’ cabin, that does not mean that the corrals are protected by Writing service fox, the Fourth Amendment. In Rigoulot the court concluded that observations made by persons “restricting their movements to places ordinary visitors could be expected to go were not protected by the Fourth Amendment. Management Of Tybcom! ” Rigoulot at 272. Reviews! The Mud Flat corrals are located near the south end of the Mud Flat Field. They are approximately one-half mile north of the Mud Flat Road, out of sight, to the west, and over of tybcom, a ridge (or around a draw) from song, Tobias’ cabin. Management Accounting Notes! A person driving along Mud Flat Road cannot see either the Mud Flat Corrals or Tobias’ cabin.

A person who enters the main gate at the Mud Flat Field follows a dirt road north to where it splits. One fork continues in a north, north-west direction. This fork continues off Tobias’ property and onto Bennett’s property. The other fork continues north for Writing essays youtube a way then t curves east around a hill toward the corrals. This fork ends just beyond the corrals. In order to get to Tobias’ cabin, a person has to Management accounting notes, travel along the road to the corrals, then the remainder of the phd proposal xavier, way on foot. The state’s position is that if the corrals are included within the cabin’s curtilage , then they are in an area that visitors would normally go. Management! These visitors include police officers coming onto the property to “conduct an investigation or for some other legitimate purpose. ” Id. In summary, because the Writing essays youtube, officers were not in a place protected by the Fourth Amendment, their search was not improper.

III. THE MUD FLAT FIELD SEARCH ARGUMENT. TOBIAS HAD NO REASONABLE EXPECTATION OF PRIVACY IN THE MUD FLAT FIELD BECAUSE THE FIELD IS OUTSIDE THE AREA OF FOURTH AMENDMENT PROTECTION. Accounting Of Tybcom! The governing law is set out above under the online espaã±ol latino, argument regarding Tobias’ expectation of accounting notes of tybcom, privacy in the Mud Flat Field corrals. On July 22, after the officers were finished or nearly finished gathering evidence from King’s dead cows, Gil King was heading away from the Marmaduke Spring area. He was going to homework, load his motorcycle into a truck and leave. As he was leaving and while near Bennett’s truck near the Johnson Reservoir, he saw the Charolais calf that “had a big ol’ patch of hide missing off its side. ” (PH, p. 389. The calf was herded to the Mud Flat Field corrals and examined.

This calf had skin removed off its right shoulder, where a “Heart-K” brand had been, and a new “T-cross” brand on its left hip. Accounting Notes! Tobias claimed the Homework papers, calf. Based on the above law and arguments regarding Tobias’ expectation of privacy in the Mud Flat Field corrals, and the fact there should be a progressively decreasing reasonable expectation of privacy as one gets further away from the cabin, the state respectfully requests that this court deny the defendant’s motion to suppress the evidence gathered in the Mud Flat Field (the Charolais calf). IV. THE MARMADUKE SPRING KILL SITE SEARCH ARGUMENT. TOBIAS HAD NO REASONABLE EXPECTATION OF PRIVACY IN THE MARMADUKE SPRING BECAUSE IT IS OUTSIDE THE AREA OF FOURTH AMENDMENT PROTECTION.

The governing law is accounting notes set out above under the argument regarding Tobias’ expectation of privacy in service reviews, the Mud Flat Field corrals. Considering the facts, and the above stated law and argument, the state respectfully requests that this court deny the defendant’s motion to suppress the evidence gathered at the Marmaduke Spring. V. THE COLLETT/TOBIAS BLACK ALLOTMENT SEARCH ARGUMENT TOBIAS HAD NO REASONABLE EXPECTATION OF PRIVACY IN THE COLLETT/TOBIAS ALLOTMENT BECAUSE THE ALLOTMENT IS OUTSIDE THE AREA OF FOURTH AMENDMENT PROTECTION. The law governing this area of search and seizure is set out above in the argument regarding the Mud Flat corrals search. On July 23rd, a number of cowboys and Management officers road through the Collett/Tobias allotment and found 11 calves. Do Your Music! The calves were found in the area of the Management accounting notes of tybcom, allotment furthest from homework song music, Tobias’ cabin. The calves had new “T cross” brands, new ear marks and had a chunk of hide skinned off their right shoulders.

Subsequent DNA tests showed that most of the calves came from the dead cows. Accounting Notes Of Tybcom! The Collett/Tobias allotment is a section of land lying adjacent to and east of the Mud Flat field. The allotment is also adjacent to and east of Collett’s private land. It is Writing custom youtube adjacent to and south of land on which the Kings ran cattle. In July 1995 two ranchers (Tobias and notes of tybcom the Collett family) leased the with, grazing rights from the Bureau of Land Management; on July 22nd both had cattle on Management accounting of tybcom the land. Each would ride the allotment to check their cattle. There were fences to keep the cattle in, there were no “no trespassing” signs. There is no indication that intimate family activities such as those protected by curtilage concepts occurred on the land. Because Tobias had no reasonable expectation of privacy in the Collett/Tobias allotment, the state respectfully requests that this court deny the defendant’s motion to an essay online narrative, suppress the evidence regarding the calves found in the allotment.

VI. THE CONSENT TO SEARCH ARGUMENT TOBIAS HAD NO REASONABLE EXPECTATION OF PRIVACY IN THE MUD FLAT CORRAL, THE MUD FLAT FIELD, MARMADUKE SPRING OR THE FEDERAL ALLOTMENT BECAUSE THE OFFICERS HAD EITHER REAL OR APPARENT PERMISSION TO BE ON THE PROPERTIES. The officers had reason to believe that either Bennett or Tobias had consented to their presence at of tybcom the Mud Flat corrals search and that either Bennett or Tobias had the authority to Homework papers online espaã±ol latino, consent to their presence. Accounting Notes Of Tybcom! Consent must be shown to be free and phd proposal voluntary and Management accounting of tybcom not a result of duress or coercion, either direct or implied. State v. Aitken, 121 Idaho 783 (Ct. Reviews Fox! App. 1992), citing Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U. S. Accounting Of Tybcom! 18 (1973): As long as the police officer reasonably believes that the person giving consent to Help phd proposal, a warrantless search has the authority to consent, the search is valid and the defendant’s right against accounting notes unreasonable searches and Homework papers online espaã±ol seizures pursuant to accounting notes, the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and art. Writing Essays! 1, § 17 of the Idaho Constitution is not violated, even though the consenter has no actual authority to Management notes of tybcom, consent. State v. McCaughey, 127 Idaho 669, 904 P. 2d 939, (1995). The state must show the Writing essays youtube, voluntariness of consent by a preponderance of the evidence; and Management notes the voluntariness of with phd proposal xavier university, consent is to be determined in light of all of the circumstances.

State v. Aitken, supra; State v. Management! Rusho, 110 Idaho 556 (Ct. App. Homework Online! 1986). A number of of tybcom, people had access to the Mud Flat field and the Mud Flat corrals. Tobias allowed local people access to his fields. Tobias provided an access key to Bennett. Bennett notified OCSO of the dead cows and brought officers to look at the cows. Bennett used his key to unlock the gate on July 21st when he brought officers to look at the cows. Bennett gave the officers his key so that they could return to the field the following day.

Tobias talked to state officers at his corrals and online made no objection to their presence on July 21st. He knew on notes July 21st that state officers were going to return July 22nd and made no objection. Library! Tobias was present at Management notes of tybcom the Marmaduke Spring when officers returned July 22nd and he watched the work that they were doing and he did not object to their presence. Tobias watched them while they gathered evidence from the Writing company reviews, cows. He was present when the Management accounting, Charolais calf was found in the Mud Flat field and knew that the Help with university, calf was going to be driven to notes of tybcom, the Mud Flat field corrals. He was present at the corrals when the youtube, officers were looking at the Charolais calf and when they seized the piece of accounting notes of tybcom, leather from the saddle in his pickup. Officers talked to Tobias at Marmaduke Spring and at the Mud Flat corrals. Tobias only questioned the officers about Homework online library, their authority to seize his pants. Officers only seized his pants after gathering evidence from the dead cows, after finding the Charolais calf with a patch of hide missing from its shoulder and with new ear marks and a new “T cross” brand, which Tobias claimed as his own. Tobias Black may not have been present when the calves were found in the Collett/Tobias Black allotment.

Tobias and Black had a diminished expectation of privacy as they shared the allotment with the Colletts and Management accounting of tybcom the Colletts allowed cowboys and state officers to search the allotment. At no time did Tobias, the alleged owner of the property, object to an essay online, the officers’ presence and the only Management of tybcom time he questioned their actions was when they seized his pants. Considering all of the circumstances, including custom in the area, it is fair to say that the officers thought they had Tobias’ permission to be at the corrals when he knew that they were going to be there, he accompanied them, and expressed absolutely no disapproval to online latino, their presence. The law of Management of tybcom, consent is clear that, “[where two persons have equal rights to the use or occupation of Help write, premises, either may give consent to a search, and the evidence thus disclosed can be used against either. ” State v. Huskey, 106 Idaho 91 (Ct. Management Accounting Of Tybcom! App. 1984), citing United States v. Homework Papers! Sferas, 210 F. 2d 69, 74 (7th Cir. Management Notes! ). The co-tenants, the Colletts, could give the officers permission to search the allotment for King’s calves. The officers searched the allotment with the permission of the Help write an essay, co-tenants, the Colletts. The state respectfully requests that this court deny the defendant’s motion to Management notes, suppress the evidence regarding the calves found in the allotment. VII. THE MUD FLAT CORRAL SEIZURES ARGUMENT IT WAS PERMISSIBLE FOR HALL TO SEIZE THE LEATHER CONTAINING THE BLOOD SPOT AND THE CINCH RINGS (RUNNING IRONS) THAT HE SAW ON BLACK’S SADDLE IN THE OPEN BACK OF TOBIAS’ PICKUP TRUCK Assuming, without conceding, that Tobias has standing to challenge the seizure from Tobias’ pickup truck, the state’s position is that Hall could seize the thumbnail sized piece of Homework online, leather and the running irons under either the plain view doctrine or the moving target doctrine. Hall seized the cinch rings and piece of leather because he was investigating the killing of the Management accounting, cows and rebranding of the calf and believed that both items were evidence.

On Saturday, July 22, 1995, while the officers were at the Mud Flat corrals trying to papers online espaã±ol latino, figure out the of tybcom, situation with the Charolais calf, Hall observed a saddle in the uncovered back of Tobias’ pickup truck. The saddle belonged to *** Black. Homework Help Library! Black was not present at the corrals. On the saddle there were two blackened cinch rings and a spot of blood on a piece of notes, leather. Anyone present could have looked into the back of the pickup and seen the help library, saddle, the cinch rings and the blood spot. Management Accounting Of Tybcom! The overall circumstances indicated that large chunks of hide were cut from cows and at least one calf. Custom Youtube! The calves were alive when their hide was cut off their shoulders. It is reasonable to infer that the accounting, calf would have bled. Chuck Hall, from the state Brand Inspector’s office and an experienced cowboy, observed Black’s saddle and saw the papers espaã±ol latino, blood spot on the saddle horn wrap.

It was apparent to Hall that the blood spot was unusual both in the location and how it was pressed into the wrap. Hall cut the thumbnail sized piece of leather off the saddle horn wrap. Notes Of Tybcom! Hall seized the rings. It was apparent to Do your song music, Hall that the cinch rings had illegally been used as running irons. A. The Plain View Doctrine. Hall’s seizure of evidence from the pickup truck was permissible under the plain view doctrine.

The court in State v. Clark, 124, Idaho 308, 311 (Ct. App. Notes Of Tybcom! 1993), (citing Horton v. California, 496 U. Homework Help Library! S. 28 (1990)), set out the standard: (1)The officer must lawfully make an initial intrusion or otherwise properly be in a position to observe a particular area, and (2) it must be immediately apparent that the items observed are evidence of a crime or otherwise subject to seizure. The “immediately apparent” requirement is “met when an officer has probable cause to believe that the item in question is associated with criminal activity. ” State v. Claiborne, 120 Idaho 581 (1991), citing Texas v. Brown, 460 U. S. 730 (1983). An officer is allowed to “draw reasonable inferences based on his training and experience. ” State v. Accounting Notes! Tamez, 116 Idaho 945 (Ct. App. Writing Essays Custom! 1989). Management Accounting Notes! Multiple officers at a scene may make reasonable inferences based on their collective knowledge. United States v. Newton, 788 F. 2d 1392 (8th Cir.

1986). Here, Hall was properly on the property either because of actual or implied consent, or because he was in Writing essays, an “open view” area at the corrals. When Hall saw the blood spot on the saddle horn he recognized it to be evidence. (PH, p. 572. Management Of Tybcom! ) He then seized a small section by Help write an essay narrative, cutting it off the Management accounting notes of tybcom, saddle horn. Because the cinch rings and the blood spot were open to public view and because Hall had probable cause to Writing company reviews, believe that they were contraband and prima facie evidence of a crime, the state respectfully requests that this court deny the defendant’s motion to suppress these items. B. The Moving Target Doctrine. Further supporting Hall’s decision to seize the cinch rings and the leather piece is the fact that they were located in a motor vehicle: The guaranty of freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures by the Fourth Amendment [recognizes] a necessary difference between a search of a store, dwelling house or other structure… and a search of a ship, motor boat, wagon or automobile… [since] it is not practicable to secure a warrant because the vehicle can be quickly moved out accounting notes of tybcom of the locality or jurisdiction in which the library, warrant must be sought. Carroll v. United States, 267 U. Accounting Notes Of Tybcom! S. 132, 152 (1925). Writing Service Reviews! The United States Supreme Court explained this doctrine in Chambers v. Maroney, 399 U. S. 2, 52 (1970): For constitutional purposes, we see no difference between, on the one hand, seizing and Management notes of tybcom holding a car before presenting the probable cause issue to a magistrate and on the other hand carrying out the immediate search without a warrant. Help An Essay Online Narrative! Given probable cause to search, either course is Management accounting notes reasonable under the Fourth Amendment. When Hall seized the running irons, he believed they had been used as running irons to draw on brands.

He knew that it was illegal to possess running irons and, as such, they were contraband. It appeared that someone had drawn the “T-cross” brand on the Charolais calf with a running iron. He also knew that someone had killed 11 cows and that someone had cut a patch of write an essay narrative, hide off their right shoulders. He knew that someone had cut a patch of hide off the Charolais calf’s right shoulder and that someone had changed its ear mark by cutting the ear. From his experiences as a cowboy he knew that the cows and calf would have bled.

He knew from his experience as a cowboy that the blood on the saddle wrap was unusual in the location and in the manner that it was pressed into the wrap. He recognized the blood as evidence and Management accounting notes was afraid that he would not see it again if he did not seize it then. The seizure of the blood spot from the saddle horn wrap is similar to the seizure that occurred in Cardwell v. Lewis, 417 U. S. 583 (1974). In Cardwell, officers investigating a murder examined a tire and took paint scrapings from the defendant’s car. The car was located in a public parking lot.

In the court’s opinion the officers did not infringe on any reasonable expectation of privacy. A similar case is Writing company New York v. Class, where an officer reached into a motor vehicle to move papers on the dashboard. The papers were covering a VIN. When the officer moved the papers he saw and seized a gun. Accounting Of Tybcom! The court upheld the search as the defendant did not have a reasonable expectation of Help narrative, privacy in the VIN, the officer had a right to see the VIN, therefore, he had a right to move the of tybcom, papers.

In United States v. Ferri, 778 F. 2d 985 (3rd Cir. 1985), the Writing service reviews, court held that a person had no reasonable expectation of privacy in his shoes (and their soles). The above cases are based on the Katz reasoning that the Fourth Amendment does not apply to the exteriors or interiors of items open to Management notes of tybcom, the public view. Because the cinch rings and the blood spot were located within a mobile vehicle and Homework papers online espaã±ol latino because Hall had probable cause to Management, believe that they were contraband and evidence of a crime, the state respectfully requests that this court deny the defendant’s motion to suppress these items. CONCLUSION For the above stated reasons the state respectfully requests that this court deny Tobias’ motion to suppress. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. The access to music, *** Bennett’s ranch is by a road that goes through the Mud Flat Field. The Bennett family has used the road through the Mud Flat Field to Management, get to their property to Homework help online library, the north and west since at least 1948 when Mud Flat was owned by Elmer Johnston. Of Tybcom! Since then the espaã±ol latino, property has been owned by *** Steiner, *** Steiner and accounting notes *** Tobias. (see Preliminary Hearing (PH) Tr. , p. 12. ) [ 2 ]. Near a water hole, *** King’s son, *** King, had fed potato chips to Writing service reviews fox, one of the cows on July 13, 1995. [ 3 ]. The “T-cross” brand was the registered brand of Tobias’ partner, *** Black. Tobias has two brands registered in Idaho, one is a “46,” the other is an Management accounting, “‘F’ hanging ‘J. ’” [ 4 ]. Other Tobias and online latino Black cow/calf pairs were in the fields where the Management of tybcom, newly branded “T-cross” calves with the chunks of hide missing were found. The cows were branded with Tobias’ “46,” their calves were branded with Black’s “T-cross. ” [ 5 ]. The cows’ ears were never found. [ 6 ]. The court in State v. Cada, 129 Idaho 224 (Ct. App.

1996), established that Idaho will not follow the essays custom youtube, Dunn analysis regarding enclosure and visibility to passersby. [ 7 ]. “Curtilage” refers to a small piece of land not necessarily enclosed, around a dwelling house, generally including buildings used for domestic purposes in the conduct of Management accounting, family affairs. Ferrel v. Papers Online Latino! Allstate Insurance Co. , 106 Idaho 696 (Ct. App. Of Tybcom! 1984). Online Narrative! [ 8 ]. Approximately one quarter mile. [ 9 ]. Approximately 2 miles from Tobias’ cabin. [ 10 ]. Accounting Notes! The brand was actually registered to his partner, *** Black. [ 11 ]. This point does not even examine the question of whether one can have a reasonable expectation of privacy in someone else’s cows. [ 12 ]. The Collett/Tobias allotment is online approximately five miles long and varies from Management, approximately one mile wide to over two miles wide, so it cannot equate to a premises. [ 13 ]. Also known as the Carroll Doctrine. [ 14 ]. Idaho Code sec. 25-1903 states that, “any person who uses, or has, or keeps in his possession, any running branding iron, tool, or instrument used by him for running a brand on any livestock… is Help phd proposal guilty of grand larceny…. [T]he possession of such iron or instrument is prima facie evidence of guilt. ” [ 15 ]. The seizure of the pants is also similar, as both were items held out to public view.

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The Gun: A Violent History of the AK-47. It is perhaps the most potent question to echo from the cold war: Who lost Vietnam? Well, there were certainly many factors, but an important new book forces us to consider this: For the accounting of tybcom, first time in human history, a poorly trained peasant army humbled a great power with the Help with phd proposal university, gun its fighters carried in their hands. This is the story of that gun, and of the scandalous way that Washington responded to it. Accounting Notes Of Tybcom? An exclusive adaptation. The Marines of Hotel Company's 1st Platoon spread out Do your song as they walked through the Management of tybcom, shin-high grass. Online? In front of them was their next destination: the village of Ap Sieu Quan, a cluster of buildings surrounded by paddies and dikes just south of the accounting notes of tybcom, demilitarized zone in the Quang Tri province of Vietnam. The village looked deserted and Writing essays menacing in Management accounting notes of tybcom the rising late-morning heat. At least three North Vietnamese army battalions had infiltrated the area, an agricultural belt in the coastal lowlands where the jungles and essays custom youtube mountains drained into the South China Sea. Hotel Company's 2nd Platoon had been hit by an NVA unit in notes of tybcom Ap Sieu Quan a short while before. Now the an essay narrative, company was converging.

The Marines were exposed as they moved. Notes? The only approach passed over open ground. Staff Sergeant Claude Elrod, the platoon commander, was on edge. It was his first mission in the delta since being shot and patched up several weeks before. Ordinarily, a lieutenant would lead a Marine platoon, but in H Company, too many lieutenants had been shot. Fox? He walked near the front of the Management accounting notes of tybcom, formation, sensing trouble ahead. Hotel Company was one of the bloodied outfits in 2nd Battalion, 3rd Marine Regiment, which in espaã±ol latino 1967 served as a mobile reaction force for much of Vietnam. It was July 21. Accounting? Early the previous morning, several CH-46 helicopters had landed to the northwest, left the company behind, and Homework help online library roared back toward their ship off the coast. The insertion marked the opening of Operation Bear Chain, a mission to interdict food and ammunition caches along the road to Hue City, Da Nang, and Saigon.

In theory, the battalion resided on amphibious ships as a theater reserve. In practice, its units were constantly ashore, shuttled from fight to fight. This had been the rhythm for months. Management Accounting Notes Of Tybcom? Mission by mission, firefight by online firefight, booby trap by booby trap, the rhythm had exacted its toll. The battalion's ranks had been thinned. The survivors were tired.

Even after absorbing replacements who showed up between operations, the platoons fought at one-half to two-thirds strength, including men, like Elrod, who had been wounded but were judged fit enough to accounting, send back out. For the United States military, which had defeated the Japanese army in the 1940s and repelled communist divisions from South Korea a decade later, Vietnam presented a confounding foe. The Vietcong guerrillas and North Vietnamese regulars were marginally educated, lightly equipped, minimally trained. More than half the NVA soldiers in with xavier university late 1966 had six years or less of Management of tybcom, education, and three quarters of them had less than eighteen months in their army. Help With Phd Proposal Xavier? They were peasants, agrarian villagers indoctrinated in Marxist-Leninist ideology and fighting according to tactics articulated by Management accounting notes of tybcom Mao. American intelligence officials marveled that few of them had undergone significant training with live ammunition before being sent out against South Vietnamese and company reviews fox American forces.

Many captured enemy fighters told of firing weapons for the first time only in Management accounting notes of tybcom combat. And yet by 1967 the Vietcong and the NVA were killing nearly eight hundred American servicemen each month. One reason for their success was their weapons. In the mid-1950s, the Kremlin had provided Mao's arms engineers with the technical specifications for Homework library, its new assault rifle, the Management accounting notes, AK-47. China had set up assembly lines to make its own version — the Type 56 — and by Homework online espaã±ol 1964 had distributed huge quantities of these weapons in Southeast Asia. The weapons were in some ways the ultimate compromise firearm: Shorter and lighter than traditional rifles but larger than submachine guns, they could be fired either automatically or a single shot at Management accounting, a time. Their smaller, intermediate-power cartridges allowed soldiers and guerrillas to carry more ammunition into battle than before, and online reduced the costs and burdens of accounting notes of tybcom, resupply.

All this and they were an eminently well designed tool — reliable, durable, resistant to Homework help library, corrosion, and with moderate recoil and a design so simple that their basics could be mastered in a matter of Management, hours. A large fraction of the Writing service reviews, Vietcong and Management accounting notes of tybcom North Vietnamese army combatants now carried these new assault rifles as their primary weapons. In some units the saturation rate was as high as 75 percent, and many soldiers had been given a basic load of 390 cartridges to go with their new gun. Vietnam was this new breed of custom youtube, rifleman's war: The majority of American combat fatalities, statistics would show, were caused by accounting of tybcom small-arms fire. This was new. For the first time, local fighters were a technological match against the well-equipped expeditionary forces of an Help with xavier university empire. The battlefield had been leveled. Stalin's rifle, once a hushed secret, had broken out. It was changing the experience of small-unit war. Then came reaction. Since the AK-47, or Kalashnikov, had first surfaced, the accounting, American military had dismissed it as cheap and ineffective.

But as this new weapon's cracking bursts were heard in battle each day, the Eastern bloc's assault rifle at with phd proposal, last captured the notes, Pentagon's attention. It marked the Kremlin's influence on how war was experienced by combatants of limited means — the Kalashnikov-carrying guerrilla, a common man with portable and easy-to-use automatic arms, was now in the field by the tens of thousands, and these men were outgunning American troops. To close the Homework help online library, gun gap, the Pentagon rushed the M16 into service. Staff Sergeant Elrod was crossing the Management accounting notes of tybcom, last ditch when a bullet smacked a bamboo branch near his head. He heard Kalashnikov fire as he dropped. Down the Marines of 1st Platoon went — shouting, returning fire, dashing in the pandemonium of first contact.

There are moments in firefights when combat can become, in an instant, lonely and isolating. Phd Proposal Xavier University? Since World War I, after automatic weapons had become prevalent and tactics evolved to account for them, foot soldiers had learned to spread out, scattering the targets they presented. Management Notes Of Tybcom? Dispersion reduced risks to units. It also served to increase the individual's sense of disassociation. One moment the soldier was part of a group. The next, in sudden battle, he could find himself alone. Writing Essays Custom? A man's world compressed to a frantic and of tybcom companionless space, punctuated by the disorienting roars and blasts of incoming and outgoing fire. Private First Class Alfred Nickelson, one of the platoon's Marines, had entered one of Help, these inner zones.

A bullet had passed so close by that it seemed to clap beside his ear. More bullets thumped the soil around him. He pressed himself down, trying to Management of tybcom, make himself small. For a few seconds, he had the selfish thought of a trapped man in what might be his last moment alive. All these guys out here in the field to shoot, he thought. Why are they trying to music, shoot only me? Then he collected himself. He knew each man's fate was tied to Management accounting, the platoon, and the platoon survived only if it fought. Do Your Homework Song Music? He would fight.

He lifted his head and saw a Vietnamese soldier in a tree line. He raised his M16, lined up the rifle's sights, and Management accounting eased back on the trigger. He had set his M16 selector switch on automatic. One round blasted out. Then nothing. His M16 had jammed. Oh, fuck , he said. At the edge of the university, village, Staff Sergeant Elrod estimated that he had met an NVA platoon. Accounting Notes? The Marines of the 1940s and homework song music 1950s had faced human-wave attacks in Asia. This was something else. Two dozen of this new breed of combatant, armed with assault rifles and using modern tactics, could stop two hundred.

First Platoon's Marines were flat to the ground. Bullets whipped around them. The staff sergeant needed firepower to match what was coming in. But something was wrong. The Marines assigned to protect the M60 machine-gun crew were not firing.

They were crouched, madly working on Management accounting of tybcom, their M16's. He ran to one of them. The man's rifle was jammed. The staff sergeant looked at fox, the others. Accounting Of Tybcom? Their weapons were jammed, too. The United States Marine Corps, built around its riflemen, was in Writing service company reviews fox battle with rifles that did not work.

Adrenaline pulsed through the staff sergeant. He was slicked with sweat, furious, confused. Notes Of Tybcom? First Platoon was stuck. Of the many effects of the international distribution of the Kalashnikov assault rifle, its influence on the American military was among the least understood and most profound. The AK-47's utility for Homework papers espaã±ol latino, guerrilla war, terror, and crime could have been readily foreseen.

The bad choices it spurred in the Pentagon were not so predictable. Throughout the Management accounting notes of tybcom, 1950s, the United States had missed the significance of the spread of online library, Eastern-bloc small arms. Accounting Notes Of Tybcom? Jolted alert by the communist assault rifle's large-scale arrival in Vietnam, the Pentagon realized it was outmatched. The Army abruptly selected the Homework online espaã±ol latino, M16 for general service in the war. Had the early M16 been reliable, this might have been a straightforward and simple development, a story as old as war.

One side gets a new weapon, the other side matches it in Management accounting notes of tybcom kind. In this way, Vietnam became the first large conflict in which both sides carried assault rifles — initially in custom small numbers but eventually as the Management of tybcom, predominant firearm. But the American adoption of assault rifles flowed from reaction rather than from foresight or planning, and service reviews fox it was painful and bungled. Today the M16 is a quintessential American arm, the longest-serving standard infantry rifle in GI history, and Management accounting a weapon familiar to millions of soldiers who have carried it and who have strong feelings about it, good or bad. The early M16 and its ammunition formed a combination not ready for war. They were a flawed pair emerging from a flawed development history. Prone to malfunction, they were forced into troops' hands through a clash of Writing essays, wills and egos in Management Robert McNamara's Pentagon. Help An Essay Narrative? Instead of a thoughtful progression from prototype to Management accounting, general-issue arm, the M16's journey was marked by salesmanship, sham science, cover-ups, chicanery, incompetence, and no small amount of dishonesty by help library a manufacturer and senior military officers. Its introduction to war was briefly heralded as a triumph of private industry and Management accounting of tybcom perceptive management. It swiftly became a monument to the hazards of hubris and Writing service the perils of rushing, a study in accounting military management gone awry.

An account of the M16's ascension from jet-age curio to Homework library, standard American firearm could start in many places, but the velocity began with the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy in 1961. Kennedy brought with him McNamara as secretary of defense. McNamara was a graduate of accounting notes of tybcom, Harvard Business School, a former executive at Ford, and homework music a believer in Management accounting an approach to decision making called systems analysis, which centered on intensive study of problems and options, with examinations of costs, benefits, and risks of potential decisions. McNamara and his followers saw themselves as a rarefied pool of Do your song, talent, and they merged aggressive management style with a Kennedy mandate to look past nuclear war and develop the doctrine, organization, and equipment for flexible responses to conflicts overseas. This meant limited war, which further meant countering the Eastern bloc in accounting proxy fights. Several of song, McNamara's officials turned their attention to the question of the rifle. The rifle conundrum was significant. America's military machine had entered the nuclear age with an array of fearsome killing tools. The Air Force had supersonic jets and intercontinental missiles; the Army was fielding new battle tanks to enhance divisions that had settled into Europe; the Navy had launched a nuclear aircraft carrier.

Yet when it came to the most basic tool of empire and accounting notes of war — the infantry rifle — the Pentagon had sputtered and stalled. The government had spent more than a decade bringing forward the M14, a big weapon made according to the almost religiously held rifle traditions of the time. The M14 was a heavyweight and hewed closely to the legends of American frontier marksmen with eagle eyes and far-shooting, powerful rifles. Its automatic-fire version weighed more than twelve pounds, stretched almost four feet long, and had both tremendous recoil and heavy ammunition, which meant soldiers could carry a limited amount of rounds. The Army spent huge sums on its development, only to discover that soldiers equipped with M14's were outmaneuvered and Do your homework song music outshot by opponents with AK-47's, which were almost perfectly suited to the short-range fighting in the vegetation of Vietnam. America's ordnance officials had lost the arms race of their lives. Just when troops needed a smaller automatic rifle, their government had nothing for Management accounting notes, them.

The alternative rifle that caught McNamara's eye, at first known as the AR-15 , had sprung from ArmaLite, a private southern California concern. ArmaLite was an infant and an upstart, a company that began as a workshop in the Hollywood garage of George Sullivan, the patent counsel for Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. Sullivan was an engineer fascinated with the reviews, possibilities of applying new materials to change the accounting, way rifles looked and papers espaã±ol latino felt. In 1953, he met Paul Cleaveland, secretary of the Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation, at an industry luncheon. The pair talked about lightweight firearms and new ways to manufacture them. Cleaveland mentioned the conversation to Richard Boutelle, Fairchild's president, who was a gun buff, too. Boutelle and Sullivan agreed to collaborate, and ArmaLite was founded in 1954 as a tiny Fairchild division.

It hired a former Marine, Eugene Stoner, as a designer. One of the early creations was the AR-15, made at the informal request of an Army general who wanted a prototype rifle that would fire a small, high-speed round. The AR-15 looked like nothing else in military service. It had an aluminum receiver, plastic furniture, and an odd-looking carrying handle. It was thirty-nine inches long.

It weighed, when unloaded, roughly 6.5 pounds, about half the weight of an automatic M14. Its appearance — small, dark, lean, and synthetically futuristic — stirred emotions. To its champions, the AR-15 was an Management notes of tybcom embodiment of Help university, fresh thinking. Critics saw an Management notes ugly toy. Help? Wherever one stood, no one denied the ballistics were intriguing. Stoner had designed a narrow but powerful new cartridge, the .223, for his weapon. The cartridge's propellant and the AR-15's twenty-inch barrel worked together to move a tiny bullet along at Management of tybcom, ultrafast speeds — in excess of Writing service company reviews, thirty-two hundred feet per second, almost three times the Management notes of tybcom, speed of sound.

Here was a rifle with conceptual promise, albeit on practical merits it was untested and its sponsors at Fairchild were struggling financially. Homework Help Online Library? In January 1959, with few customers in sight and the Pentagon committed to Management, big rifles made according to old ideas, Fairchild transferred the AR-15's manufacturing rights to Colt's Firearms for $325,000 and a royalty-sharing guarantee. In summer 1960, Colt's took the AR-15 on the road, including to police departments around the Do your homework, United States, where its sales team fired into a variety of objects (automobiles and water cans were favorites) and engaged in giddy declarations of the rifle's powers. While automobiles were being pierced, punctured, and shredded, another salesman arranged for General Curtis LeMay, then the Air Force's vice chief of Management accounting of tybcom, staff, to be invited to Boutelle's birthday party at Boutelle's gentleman's farm in Maryland. Custom? LeMay, like Boutelle, was a gun buff.

The invitation was crafted to notes of tybcom, appeal. Help? A sample AR-15, the new miracle gun, would be on hand for the general to fire. Management Accounting Notes Of Tybcom? The party was held over Homework help online library the Fourth of Management notes, July. The hosts set up three watermelons and invited the general to try his hand. What followed was one of the odder moments in arms-procurement history. Watermelons were bright and fleshy in ways water cans were not, and when struck by the little rifle's ultrafast bullets, the Help with, first two fruits exploded in vivid red splashes. Management Accounting Notes? LeMay was so impressed that he spared the last melon; the party decided to eat it. No doubt this was great fun. It was also nonsense.

But salesmanship was salesmanship. Colt's salesman understood that the Air Force wanted its own automatic rifle for Homework help library, defending strategic-missile sites. He also knew that LeMay was unimpressed with the M14. Colt's, for the price of fresh fruit and cold cocktails, had a convert. In 1961, LeMay became Air Force chief of staff, and in 1962, the Air Force entered a contract with Colt's for eighty-five hundred rifles. This was a small order. Management? But just like that, the AR-15 entered the American military arms system via a side door. The rifle's first acceptance occurred as Washington was stepping up its involvement in Vietnam. McNamara, who had been watching Southeast Asia with alarm, was already enthused about the weapon and had authorized its use in secret combat trials with Vietnamese soldiers. For the secretary, the AR-15 provided a means to both match the Kalashnikov and to show up the Pentagon establishment and the ordnance community, whom he did not trust. Colt's new rifle had momentum.

It is worth a pause to consider the significance of the Homework papers espaã±ol latino, step not taken. After McNamara's team endorsed the assault-rifle concept, the United States military could have decided what it wanted an assault rifle to be and to do. This would have been a matter of proposing specifications for caliber, muzzle velocity, weight, accuracy, and any number of other characteristics. These specifications could then have been provided to government designers and notes of tybcom private industry — to Ruger, to Colt's, to Remington, to Winchester, to Browning, to song music, Cadillac Gage, and others — with a deadline for design submissions. In doing so, the intellectual capital of the private sector would have been invited to compete.

And when the deadline came, the Pentagon would have had multiple designs from which to select. Instead, the United States had a hyped rifle rising through the bureaucracy with little testing or vigorous competition. Its selection process looked less like deliberation than lunging. And as McNamara and notes of tybcom General William Westmoreland pushed and online latino pulled the rifle along, the signs from tests and field reports of its emerging weaknesses were suppressed. Notes Of Tybcom? Colt's assault rifle, the internal reports said, was vulnerable to with phd proposal xavier university, corrosion and given to malfunctions. No matter. The most senior military officials knew American troops were being outshot. They ordered the M16 — as the military's version of the AR-15 was named — first in Management accounting notes of tybcom a batch of 104,000, and then as the Writing company reviews fox, standard firearm for the war. The rollout began. By February 1967, Hotel Company had been given its share of M16's during a refit on Okinawa and turned in its M14's.

The troops grasped the advantages of a lightweight automatic rifle with little recoil. They knew they could now carry more rounds into each firefight. Accounting Of Tybcom? They were satisfied with how the Do your homework song music, rifles, fresh from crates, handled on ranges. There was concern about a shortage of cleaning gear, but otherwise everything seemed in order. A few weeks later, Hotel Company returned to Vietnam. On a sweep of the countryside on April 26, a few M16's jammed.

But the fighting was not intensive. Accounting Notes Of Tybcom? The problem was attributed to unfamiliarity with the Homework online, rifle, perhaps combined with inadequate cleaning, though the Management accounting notes, Marines who were cleaning the weapons thought this was not so. Then came the company reviews, shock. In late April, the battalion was preparing for combat against dug-in NVA units on Hills 861 and 881 near Khe Sanh. On April 30, the company moved out on foot again, jumping into an attack at first light with 2nd and 3rd Platoons abreast of each other. In 3rd Platoon, as Lieutenant Thomas Givvin, the commander, moved uphill, he found at least five M16's with cleaning rods forced down their barrels resting on the ground. These were the discards of Marines who had fought on Management notes, the hill several days before. Hotel Company walked through tall elephant grass and was attacked. The ambush turned swiftly into a brutal close-quarters fight. Rifle by rifle, several of the Marines' new M16's jammed. The malfunctions had consistency; the Writing service reviews fox, most common was the notes, failure of the rifle to extract a spent shell casing after a bullet was fired.

To resume fighting, the troops needed to thread together a rifle-cleaning rod, plunge the rod down the barrel, and with phd proposal xavier university knock the spent case free, a movement akin to of tybcom, what soldiers did in homework song the Revolutionary War. Management Of Tybcom? After conferring by radio with the battalion commander, the company commander, Captain Raymond Madonna, ordered the Marines to fall back so he could call in air strikes and artillery fire. The company suffered eight dead Marines and company fox one dead corpsman that day. Forty-three others were wounded. On May 3, the remnants of Hotel Company and Management accounting part of Foxtrot Company were ordered to help Echo Company, which had been pinned down in Writing essays youtube front of a bunker network. Notes Of Tybcom? Foxtrot would approach from the southeast. Hotel would attack from the Help write an essay online, north; its plan was to strike the enemy's rear.

The Marines began a flanking movement down a ravine and Management notes of tybcom through triple-canopy jungle; they moved for as long as nine hours. The company had only one platoon — 1st — still at fighting strength. As the sweat-soaked Marines at last moved near the bunkers and were preparing to rush, the captain gave an order over Homework papers online latino the radio to his platoon commander, Lieutenant Ord Elliott: Fix bayonets. He was effectively telling men to prepare to fight to the death, hand to hand. The order was superfluous. Management? Elliott had already told the Writing company reviews, men to ready their knives. With bayonets affixed, the officers thought, the Marines whose M16's failed might slash or stab their way through the accounting notes, fight. It was the age of the B-52 Stratofortress and the submarine-launched Polaris ballistic missile. Help Write? A Marine Corps platoon and company commander were preparing their men for an attack in which they would wield their rifles like lances, swords, and spears.

The Hill Fights were among the bloodiest battles yet in the war. More than 150 Marines were killed. Accounting Notes Of Tybcom? Several hundred more were wounded. Writing Essays Custom Youtube? Days later, as the battle wound down, M16 jamming had been widespread enough that sadly surreal scenes unfolded at one helicopter landing zone, where wounded Marines waited to be evacuated. Healthy men wandered among the casualties, asking their bloodied colleagues if their rifles had worked. Management? When they found a wounded Marine whose rifle had performed well, they exchanged a faulty M16 for the M16 that had reliably fired. Initial acceptance of the M16's had turned to disgust. One survivor vented to the Asbury Park Evening Press : Believe it or not, you know what killed most of us? he wrote. Our own rifle. If the grim news and angry accounts from battle arrived as a surprise for the public, there was little about them that was surprising for those who manufactured and service company fielded the rifle.

The M16's jamming was related to several factors — including changes to the ammunition's powder, poor corrosion resistance, an absence of chromium in the chambers, and others — that had previously been identified, either in Management accounting the military's stateside testing or from examinations of Writing essays youtube, rifles used in Vietnam. Colt's had sent engineering teams to Vietnam since at least 1966, whenRobert D. Management Of Tybcom? Fremont, a company engineer, reported in writing to his bosses that major problems with corrosion were turning up in the war. He recommended the possible use of stainless steel for barrels or chrome plating the chambers and bores of the AR-15 weapons in order to combat corrosion and neglect. His summary was chilling. Write Online? Colt's weapons, he wrote, are sadly lacking in corrosion resistance. Three weeks later, David Behrendt, a Colt's engineer assigned to Vietnam, mailed audiotapes back to Management of tybcom, his supervisors. Many M16's were jamming, he said. Almost all were corroded. Working alongside soldiers, Behrendt restored most rifles to working order.

But it was not a good sign that a corporate engineer with a bag of parts was required to keep a new rifle in service. Combat equipment was supposed to be hardier than that. Behrendt noted, too, that the new powder was making the Help with phd proposal university, M16 run fast. Engineers had been working on a replacement part — a buffer inside the return spring — that would slow the notes of tybcom, weapons down. But none were yet in Vietnam. Speaking into a tape recorder halfway around the Help write narrative, world, he urged action. You better get that new buffer over notes of tybcom here right pronto to Help an essay narrative, stop some of this malfunction.

Colt's data accumulated. Notes Of Tybcom? Another rep in Help phd proposal university Vietnam, J. B. Hall, summed matters up. Hall had met veterans of Operation Attleboro, one of the Management accounting of tybcom, largest battles to date. The operation had been a startling experience. Marines faced heavy Vietcong automatic-rifle fire, and their M16's jammed. Homework Help Online? There is Management accounting notes, no question that soldiers in Vietnam are losing confidence in the M16 rifle, Hall wrote. It is imperative that we take all steps possible to correct the situation. Hall's report was the most urgent.

It included a list: Plate the bore and chamber with chromium, install heavier buffers, correct the corrosion problems on receivers and xavier university barrels, and Management notes find a way to library, cover the magazines when not being fired. He offered a recommendation: a crash program to accounting, provide a better weapon. A little more than two weeks later, the latest news of the M16's poor performance reached the Help with xavier, top of the Army. Management Accounting Of Tybcom? Colonel Harold Yount visited the Pentagon to brief Colonel Richard Hallock. Hallock's interest in the M16 was zealous and personal. He had been an early supporter of the rifle, and more than four years before he had been a supervisor of Project AGILE — a secret combat test with Vietnamese soldiers wielding AR-15's that had given the new weapon much of its early internal military hype. The meeting marked a potentially agonizing moment. Help Library? The weapon he had advocated was failing, and of tybcom as near as he could tell, the failures were getting American soldiers killed. What to do? Hallock filed a classified memo detailing the help, meeting. It left no doubt that the Army had long understood the scope and nature of the M16's problems, had done little to accounting notes of tybcom, resolve them, and still was moving slowly to help soldiers in Vietnam.

I asked if he had a plan to retrofit the weapons in the field with this buffer and he said he did not. First production of the new buffer, he said, would be in January and they would go on new weapons. He said that if the buffers were sent to Do your homework music, the field for the old weapons they would not be available to go on the new weapons that also are going to the field. I asked if he had plans to get a special priority to increase the production rate and speed up availability of the buffer and he apparently did not. I also asked about Management clearing up the Do your homework song, fouling caused by ball powder.

He did not say that anything definitive had been done to correct the problem. I asked him if there were any reports yet from Vietnam indicating the Management accounting notes, occurrence, in fact, of the Homework library, excessive malfunctions that one would expect. Accounting Of Tybcom? . He said there were some, but didn't elaborate. Colonel Yount's inaction was not how military officers were expected to carry out their duties. Colonel Hallock wanted the problems remedied. But he was equally interested in restricting who knew of Writing service company reviews fox, them. There was a scandal to contain, even if it meant limiting the number of technicians working to fix the malfunctions. Management Of Tybcom? Colonel Hallock impressed upon his peer the need to keep quiet. After returning to his office, Colonel Yount made a change. As of online, November 29, his weekly significant action report as head of the office managing the M16 carried a new line: The report must not be reproduced, filed or referenced in any official correspondence.

Only he and two other people were allowed to keep file copies of his reports. All other copies, he wrote, will be destroyed within 10 days of receipt. At a time when the M16 program desperately needed candor, attention, and more resources, and when commanders and troops in accounting notes of tybcom the field should have been informed of the problems emerging in Homework papers online latino Vietnam, another cover-up had begun. The betrayal reached beyond those safe in the Pentagon and on bases stateside. A din of complaints about accounting notes of tybcom M16 jamming was rising from the phd proposal xavier, ranks.

But the replies of Management accounting notes, generals in Vietnam mixed paternalistic denials that the M16 was failing with strong defenses of the Homework, weapon's merits. Marine officers followed the Army's pattern: They blamed the troops for the weapon's problems. Management Accounting Notes? At a press conference in Da Nang just after the battles for Hills 861 and 881, one commander, Lieutenant General Lewis W. Walt of the 3rd Marine Amphibious Force, delivered a classic performance of an officer who has lost touch with his men. An Essay? First he declared that the Marines in his command were 100 percent sold on the M16. Most of those who had relied on the weapon in battle, he added, have nothing but praise for it. This can only be read as a lie. General Walt pressed on. Management Notes Of Tybcom? He put blame for malfunctions squarely upon individual Marines and their NCOs and officers, saying they had either not adequately maintained their rifles or had tried to service fox, force too many rounds into their magazines.

This was a slap at men at war. In a resonant slip of the tongue, General Walt added that rumors of unsatisfactory M16 performance were started by a very, very small majority. Of Tybcom? Not long after the press conference, General Walt was reassigned to Washington. In July, the month of Operation Bear Chain, the commandant of the Marine Corps, General Wallace Greene, repeated General Walt's position, calling the company, M16 ideally suited for Vietnam. The brass had set a tone. With the generals standing behind the M16, complaints had little chance of finding a supporting audience. The Marines in Vietnam were on their own. By early 1967, the sense that something was terribly wrong had reached Washington. Angry troops were sending home letters.

Journalists were hearing complaints. Reports of the AK-47's reliability were also providing an obvious contrast. The Washington Daily News posed the question. In the past two years, with amazing competence and thoroness [sic], the communists have replaced their earlier inferior weapons with the rapid firing AK-47 automatic assault rifle of Soviet design and accounting notes Red Chinese manufacture. . Online Latino? The AK-47 . is of tybcom, as good as the Homework, new M-16 rifle U. S. Accounting? troops use. It is less liable to jam and therefore, in the opinion of some experts, may even be better. Homework Latino? . Why is it that North Vietnam, with aid from its Chinese ally, could foresee the Management accounting notes, need and meet it, despite all sorts of obstacles? Why is Homework library, it that the U. S., with its $25 billion to accounting notes, $30 billion yearly war budget, superlative defense plants, and reputed logistic superiority, could not keep pace? By spring 1967, the problems had become so widely known that Congress took an interest. On May 3, 1967, Representative L. Mendel Rivers, chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, appointed Representative Richard H. Homework Online Espaã±ol? Ichord as head of a special subcommittee to examine the development, production, distribution and accounting sale of M-16 rifles. Reviews? Ichord steered wide of the question of which weapon was better — the M14 or the M16. If the military wanted the M16, so be it.

He wanted to know why the M16 was malfunctioning at an unacceptably high rate. One rifle-failure incident after another eroded public confidence. Senator Peter H. Dominick of Colorado visited Vietnam that May. He inquired about the M16. He was told it was a good weapon. Someone produced an M16 and handed it to the senator, who tried to fire it. It jammed. In June, members of Ichord's panel held their own test with an M16 provided by Colt's. If any one M16 might have been expected to perform flawlessly, this should have been it: the test rifle a manufacturer facing congressional investigation presented as a sample to Congress. The subcommittee's rifle jammed several times. No one needed to be told what this might mean in combat.

But another GI crystallized for the congressmen a particular species of nightmare: The other night we got a radio message from one of Management accounting notes of tybcom, our night ambushes. Homework Online Library? . The last words they said were, out of Management accounting notes, hand grenades, all weapons jammed. The next morning when they got to them, their hands were all skinned up and cut and their stocks on their rifles were all broken from company reviews fox using them as clubs. Out in the field beside Ap Sieu Quan, Private First Class Nickelson worked on his jammed rifle. He had given away his position by firing. Bullets raked the grass nearby. He reached for a grenade, pulled the pin, and threw it as far as he could toward the trees; he hoped its blast would divert the attention of the enemy soldiers. After the explosion, he removed his rifle's magazine and pulled back on the charging handle to accounting, look inside the Writing company reviews, chamber.

The empty cartridge was stuck there. He cursed again and reached for accounting of tybcom, his cleaning rod. Writing Company Fox? Around him was chaos. Nickelson pushed the rod down the muzzle and knocked the empty cartridge case clear. Of Tybcom? He returned the magazine to its place and chambered a second round. Do Your Homework Song Music? Again he looked up and spotted the North Vietnamese soldier in Management accounting notes of tybcom the tree line. With Phd Proposal? The man was on his stomach, prone and firing out. Nickelson aimed his M16 and eased back on Management accounting of tybcom, the trigger again. Online Espaã±ol Latino? Firing on automatic, he hoped to hit the man multiple times. The first bullet hit the soldier in accounting of tybcom the left leg.

He watched him roll out of sight into company reviews fox the bushes. But Nickelson could not finish him. His rifle had jammed again. Just as it had on notes of tybcom, Hill 881, Hotel Company fell back. Aircraft and artillery hit the village. The company moved forward later, after the Help with phd proposal xavier, NVA had slipped away. Hotel Company had suffered miserably once more.

Five Marines were dead, thirty were wounded. Nickelson had survived. He rose to his feet but left his jammed rifle in the dirt. He had shipped to Management notes, Vietnam a month before. Until that day, he had never handled this kind of rifle. Homework Music? In the United States, he had trained on an M14. In his one previous firefight, his M16 had jammed, too — after firing a single round. Nickelson was new to war, but he was no fool. A rifle that failed in Management accounting notes of tybcom battle was worse than useless.

It was detestable. Writing Company Reviews Fox? As far as he was concerned, it was a discard. Upon arriving in-country, Nickelson had bought a .38 revolver from Management accounting notes of tybcom a soldier who was rotating home — part of an underground market for troops arming themselves with personal weapons as insurance against the failures of their issued guns. Now an Homework online espaã±ol officer ordered him to pick up his M16. Fuck you, Nickelson said. Management Accounting? He would never carry an M16 again. Back on board the USS Tripoli after Hotel Company left Ap Sieu Quan, the write an essay narrative, company's executive officer, Lieutenant Michael Chervenak, seethed.

Chervenak was a man who followed his own compass. A former high school quarterback, he had graduated from Penn State and been accepted at naval flight school, which was a plum. He wanted to fly jets. Management Notes? When he was selected for helicopter training, he did something pilots in good standing at the school rarely do. He quit, and asked for orders to the infantry in Vietnam. He was new to Hotel Company and custom had replaced an officer who was shot through the head on Hill 881. When he arrived, he heard of the M16's problems but reserved judgment until he had been in combat with the accounting of tybcom, rifles himself. After Ap Sieu Quan, he was in a state of quiet rage.

He cleaned up and visited the help library, stateroom where Captain Richard Culver, his company commander, was bunking. The officers discussed the M16's malfunctions. The lieutenant wanted advice. What would Captain Culver think if he wrote an open letter detailing the company's experiences? The Marine Corps was not helping its Marines. The truth about the M16 needed to be told, somehow, if the problem was to be fixed. Notes? Captain Culver, a former enlisted man, was the son of a Marine. His father enlisted in 1918 at age fifteen. Raised on bases, commanding a company at war, he was more than reluctant to speak outside the chain of Help, command. But he knew this young officer was right.

Writing a letter, he told him, was a good idea. Lieutenant Chervenak found a typewriter in the chaplain's stateroom, and he and the captain composed a draft. When they finished, he climbed belowdecks to Management, the enlisted quarters and asked Staff Sergeant Elrod to read it. I am a Marine First Lieutenant and have been serving in a rifle company in Vietnam since the 15th of Homework papers online espaã±ol latino, May. Ever since my arrival, immediately following the battle of hill 881, one controversy has loomed above all others — that of the M16 rifle. I feel that it is my duty and responsibility to report the Management notes, truth about this rifle as I have seen it. My conscience will not let me rest. We are constantly told that improper cleaning and unfamiliarity with the Help with, weapon cause any malfunction which may occur.

Any rifle that requires cleaning to the degree they speak of has no place as a combat weapon. I believe that the cold, hard facts about the M_16 are clouded over by Management notes of tybcom a fabrication of the truth for political and homework song financial considerations. I have seen too many marines hiding behind a paddy dike trying to clear their rifle to accept those explanations any longer. Our battalion has test fired these rifles on numerous occasions, aboard the Management accounting of tybcom, ship and in the field, to try to find a solution to this problem. All rifles were cleaned and inspected prior to these tests. Having supervised several of these tests, I will swear to the fact that at least 25 to 40% of the rifles malfunctioned at Homework help online, least once under these optimum conditions. During a recent fight on the 21st of July, no fewer than 40 men in my company reported to me that their rifles had malfunctioned because of failure to extract. Because of of tybcom, these inoperative rifles we were severely hampered in our efforts to extract a platoon which had been pinned down.

Lack of Homework online library, sufficient firepower also caused us great difficulty in getting our casualties out. Having 40 rifles malfunction in any rifle company is a serious matter, and in an understrengthened company such as ours, the gravity of the situation is greatly increased. I do not mean for accounting notes, this letter to slap at my battalion, the service reviews fox, Marine Corps, the Management, Colt Manufacturing Company, the Defense Department or anyone else concerned. It is written out of concern for the safety of the men in my company and of the great morale problem that the M16 causes. I will stand and stake my reputation on the fact that we have had men wounded and perhaps killed because of inoperative rifles. The search for the truth is paramount in all of us and I ask you to look into this problem and search for the truth there . this problem has been overlooked too long and papers online espaã±ol too many attempts have been made to gloss over a situation that endangers the lives of men. Staff Sergeant Elrod finished the letter. He had served ten years, had seen lieutenants come and go, and had a strong sense of how the officer ranks worked. Loyalty, by his read, meant working hard and shutting up. He liked the letter very much.

Hey, sir? he said. You're not planning to make the Marine Corps a career, are you? On July 27, Lieutenant Chervenak mailed four copies of the letter. He sent one to Management notes, The Barnesboro Star , his hometown newspaper in Pennsylvania. He mailed another to The Washington Post . The last two went to Senator Robert F. Kennedy and Representative Ichord. On each he signed his name officially. In all the available records surrounding the bloody introduction of the M16, this stands as one of the few brave and candidly honest acts. It fell to a twenty-three-year-old lieutenant, his unit repeatedly thinned by casualties, to stake his name on the truth.

Back in Washington, Representative Ichord's subcommittee ground toward conclusion. The Army had stonewalled the investigation, but the congressmen understood viscerally that the M16's performance in Vietnam was much worse than acknowledged. On October 19 the subcommittee published a scalding report. Homework Online? It declared the M16's malfunctions serious and excessive and labeled the Army and Marine Corps negligent. Management Accounting Notes Of Tybcom? On October 29, The Washington Post published Lieutenant Chervenak's letter. His words had an instant effect. The corps opened an investigation — not into the causes of the rifle's failures or the slow reaction by the chain of command to troops' complaints but into Do your homework music the officer who dared to write to the Post . On December 3, a pair of representatives from Colt's and the Marine Corps caught up with the accounting notes of tybcom, battalion at a base outside Da Nang. They had been ordered to follow up on the lieutenant's allegations. Marines gathered in the theater for a presentation, at Writing, which a Marine warrant officer opened with the familiar lines. He told his audience that the M16 was a good rifle, and if it was failing, it was because they were not cleaning it adequately. The Marines shouted and jeered.

The battalion commander demanded quiet. The representative from Colt's, Kanemitsu Ito, was shaken by their fury. The warrant officer and Ito held a technical inspection, and Marines filed by to show them their rifles. Ito was a decorated Koreanwar veteran himself, and a former test officer in Management accounting notes of tybcom the Army. He was small, lean, and muscular, a fastidious forty-seven-year-old man with a record of bravery who had roamed Vietnam trying to understand why Colt's rifles had performed so badly since at least 1966. Help Write? He was conscientious to an almost excruciating degree. As the Marines filed past to show him rifles that had failed them, he worried that the troops might label him a profiteer. After all, he thought, every rifle to be replaced might be seen as another sale for Colt's.

He decided to let the warrant officer do the talking. Quietly, he watched. That night, emotionally and Management accounting of tybcom physically exhausted, Ito typed a letter and Writing essays custom youtube sent it back to Colt's. He had news. Management Accounting Of Tybcom? What Lieutenant Chervenak had written to the Post was not quite right. Matters were actually much worse — Ito and Homework papers espaã±ol the warrant officer had condemned sixty-seven of the company's eightyfive M16's.

I walked into a den of angry, feroucious [sic] lions when I visited the 2nd Battalion of the 3rd Marines. Management Accounting Notes Of Tybcom? It was really a touchy situation. I would never ask anyone else to be in the situation I was in. The officers and a great majority of the men hated the song music, M_16A1 rifles. They had a right to hate it. Ito had been telling his bosses at Colt's in clear terms for accounting, more than a year that the M16 had real problems, and now he knew that these problems were worse than what the military or Colt's had ever publicly said. Help Write Online Narrative? On December 28, Ito and Paul Benke, Colt's president, met at the Pentagon with officers involved in Management notes of tybcom the M16 program. Ito's presentation was direct: The new buffers were reaching many units, but severe problems persisted. About 70 percent of the rifles in the Marines' possession, he said, should be condemned due to pitted chambers. Benke, the Help narrative, man who ran Colt's Firearms, would get the last word.

The reports of problems, he said, even when supported by his own engineer fresh from Vietnam, were hearsay. Several months after the fight for Ap Sieu Quan, Staff Sergeant Elrod became the battalion's intelligence chief, and was meritoriously promoted. One day in spring 1968, after a skirmish in a gully near Khe Sanh, Gunnery Sergeant Elrod found an AK-47 beside a dead North Vietnamese soldier. He claimed it as his own. This was not a trophy. It was a tool. Now he had a rifle he could depend on. Notes Of Tybcom? The AK-47 did not solve all his problems. It solved one problem but replaced it with another. There was a special danger related to carrying the enemy's weapon: The M16 and the AK-47 have distinctly different sounds.

Whenever Elrod fired his new weapon, he risked drawing fire from other Marines. Help With Xavier? He considered this less of a risk than carrying a rifle that might not fire at all. A few weeks later, Gunnery Sergeant Elrod was walking across a forward operating base near Khe Sanh with his AK-47 slung across his back. A lieutenant colonel stopped him. Gunny, why the hell are you carrying that? he asked. Because it works, Elrod replied. Claude Elrod, Alfred Nickelson, Tom Givvin, Raymond Madonna, Ord Elliott, Richard Culver, and Michael Chervenak all survived Vietnam. Elrod, Madonna, and Culver went on to serve full careers. Chervenak, who spoke out publicly against the M16, was reprimanded in writing and his promotion to Management, the rank of captain was delayed a year, which effectively docked his pay. (Promotion to captain is an achievement usually so simple that the test, many Marines say, is to serve the requisite time and be able to Help an essay online, fog a mirror.) He left the Marine Corps, attended law school, and Management notes of tybcom had a successful career in private practice. Colt's Firearms no longer exists. Paul Benke, the president of Homework help library, Colt's during the bungled rollout of the M16, continues to defend the rifle and Colt's behavior, saying he and the company only wanted to provide the best weapons possible to troops at war.

The M16 and its ammunition were changed and modified repeatedly in the months and years after the uproar of 1967. The current firm, Colt Defense LLC, provides rifles to the American military and to many government organizations around the world. Its president, a retired Marine general, William Keys, was, as a younger man, among those Marines who suffered from faulty rifles in Vietnam. The line's current versions, the M16 and the M4 carbine, are incomparably more dependable than the M16 of the mid-1960s, though they remain controversial arms, and critics, citing various perceived shortfalls (often reliability and stopping power) continue to call for a replacement. Many of the complaints have been over the standard ammunition that the American military's M16's and Management notes of tybcom M4's fire, which troops have reported passes too easily through lightly clad Afghan and Iraqi men and often fails to deliver incapacitating wounds. The AK-47 and Type 56 rifles, two variants of the Kalashnikov that were common in the early years of the an essay narrative, Vietnam War, have largely been phased out and replaced by an extended family of descendants that were made in the Soviet Union, China, North Korea, the former Warsaw Pact nations, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, and other countries.

Some of the original rifles are still in use and can readily be found in Afghanistan. Together the entire Kalashnikov line — routinely and erroneously called AK-47's — are the most abundant firearm on accounting, earth, and the predominant weapon of war today.

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Chapter 3: Essay types and strategies on structure. A free guide from Management notes, Essay UK. 3. Essay types and strategies on structure. When it comes to essays, there is a pretty standard structure from which to write that is Help an essay online used time and again for of tybcom every essay assignment. It comes with a beginning where a topic is introduced and moves from general to specific. This is followed by a body section that comes in the middle and covers all the information about that topic introduced at the beginning. Homework Online! Finally, there is a conclusion or end to the essay that summarises the notes of tybcom ideas and provides a place for your own opinions. Over the course of your academic career, you will be writing dozens and dozens of Writing youtube these essays with this same pattern albeit with some variations on Management notes of tybcom this theme. This chapter provides a guide for you on writing topics and how to focus on the right material as well as understand how various essay types use the latino same basic framework but offer slight deviations from this original formula. Notes! Finally, the chapter winds up with a number of Do your song essay strategies to consider to help you achieve toward your goal of notes essay success!

It would seem like the most basic part of the whole essay process to know what to write about it - after all, you most often get the essay question or prompt that is online pretty straightforward in terms of what you have to write about. The topic is there and it is almost always about what you have been recently been studying. For the tutor who has put the essay question or prompt together, they have spent a lot of Management time choosing just how to word it and make it as clear as possible for you. At the same time, though, they are trying to get you to think more deeply so it may not be as obvious as you first thought. To make sure you are focusing on the writing topic in the right context, here are some tips to help: Read the essay question or prompt many times. Reflect on the essay topic before just writing. You need time to wrap your head about what it means, what you want to argue, and how to prove your point. Ask your tutor for Homework online library any clarifications. Get other students' opinions but do not rely on them for sole assistance as they could be just as confused as you or potentially have misinterpreted themselves. Read your university handbook or class grading sheet to understand what you have to do to get a certain grade in terms of the notes depth of knowledge to include in Help phd proposal university, the essay.

Dissect the essay topic for further analysis and focus. This is Management discussed in Homework papers online, the next two sections. When looking at your essay topic, the first step is to focus on content. You can do this by taking the essay question or essay prompt apart and delineate the keywords that hold the Management accounting notes of tybcom content focus. Keywords have become an integral part of today's research framework as search engines are built on using keywords to return the right information based on specific words you choose that define what you are looking for. It becomes tricky because words often have many meanings and interpretations, so part of Homework understanding the Management accounting essay topic is to determine what the tutor meant in each and every word they chose to Help phd proposal university, make up the essay question or the essay prompt. You will have to look at notes of tybcom these keywords for:

How they have been used already in homework music, your class, notes, and reading; How the Management notes of tybcom lecturer or tutor has referred to homework music, them; and How research has used these same words to establish a certain context. From taking keywords and studying them for meaning, then your next step is to consider how these keywords are activated to make the content come alive and Management accounting, offer instructions on what the homework reader should do with that content. Look at the action verbs in accounting notes of tybcom, the essay question or essay prompt to Writing essays custom youtube, see what kind of accounting notes of tybcom action is being asked of you. While these may not tell you exactly what to do for your essay, they do put you on Writing reviews a path to figuring out Management accounting of tybcom what the keywords need to be doing. Check out other examples of essays where similar content action words appear so you can see how they have been used to activate the keywords. Familiarise yourself with function words and Writing essays custom, action verbs used in notes of tybcom, essay instructions as there is a considerable list. Some to be on the lookout for includes analyse, assess, compare and contrast, define, differentiate, discuss, evaluate, explore, justify and trace. There are many more but these give you a good idea of what you will commonly see among essay assignments, depending on the type of class or subject matter you are studying. When it comes to essays youtube, preparing for exams where you have to notes of tybcom, answer in the form of an essay, there may not be any action verbs or function words at all. Instead, it is most often just an essay question that is direct and Homework help online library, straightforward because those that have designed it are not looking to confuse.

They want you to simply use what you have learned and prove that you understood the lectures and reading over the course of the class. Now that you have learned how to dissect the essay prompt or essay question, it is time to move on Management accounting notes of tybcom to an overview of the different essay types and frameworks that are used that have slight variations in terms of how that basic introduction, body, and conclusion structure is used. Here is where you must stick to write, a proven and notes of tybcom, expected formula to stay on course for great marks; there is no room for interpretation here on Help write online essay structure, but we will show you how there are some subtle differences in how you approach certain assigned essay frameworks. Regardless of what framework you use as described in the rest of this chapter, there are some overall recommendations to follow that are tried and notes, true when it comes to essays: Typically, these essays range in the word count of 1,000 words to 3,000 words because anything over that fall into other types of writing categories, such as dissertations, projects, and Writing company reviews fox, research studies. A good ratio to follow for the amount of Management notes of tybcom words or pages you have to produce for the essay is 10 per cent for the introduction and 10 per Homework latino, cent for the conclusion so that the notes other 80 per cent is used for the body of the Writing service company essay. Notes Of Tybcom! An essay is a linear form of communication where you move from point A and end up at point B very much like you would if you were using a map to plan a trip. There are no u-turns or sudden lane changes. Each essay keeps it simple and succinct with one main point per paragraph so as to not confuse the reader with too many ideas all jumbled up together. Writing Service Company Reviews! This requires plenty of thought about how to make sure the point flows in a logical progression so the reader can see how it all ties together. More will be presented on all these tips later on in the book.

With an understanding of what is the same, now it is Management accounting of tybcom time to look at what is different by examining some of the essay types and frameworks in greater detail. Here are some of the most well-known essay types all of which are described below: Simple essay Two-sided essay Compare and company reviews, contrast essay Complex essay formats. Each essay type has something that makes it unique and slightly different from the of tybcom rest. We have tried to offer the most noticeable differences as well as tips on Writing essays custom youtube how to approach these types of Management accounting essays should you be assigned one. Simple essays follow that structure we have already introduced and tend to be around 1,000 words in length, which is papers espaã±ol approximately four pages based on Management accounting notes spacing and font choice. The pattern is: Introduction Body Paragraph 1 Body Paragraph 2 Body Paragraph 3 Conclusion. Not all paragraphs were created equal so we are not saying you have to evenly split the help online library word count down to the very last word equally among paragraphs, but do try to provide similar length to each of the accounting body paragraphs to balance the points you are making, which, in this case, would equate to three main points.

There are some essay assignments that will ask you to provide more than one argument and Homework online, typically involve subject matter where there are two definitive sides to an issue or problem that should be addressed to illustrate your understanding of each side. In this case, the Management accounting notes essay would become what is known as a two-sided essay. It looks like this: Introduction Side 1, Reason 1 Side 1, Reason 2 Side 1, Reason 3 Side 2, Reason 1 Side 2, Reason, 2 Side 2, Reason 3 Conclusion. The concluding section of this type of essay asks that you provide your opinion about both sides versus just summarising the main points.

In this way, you are showing a for or against library or the notes of tybcom advantages and disadvantages component to your essay writing but does so in an organised manner. The key here again is balancing the amount of words provided to each side and the value of focusing on the most important and convincing points for both sides of the issue. Up until the conclusion, it is best to company reviews, stay as objective as possible and then put your viewpoint at the end, explaining why you believe one side is more credible than the other. This structure can also be used for what is termed the statement and notes of tybcom, discussion essay in which you provide more than one side or issue related to that statement. Since it uses the Homework online idea of discussion, you need to talk about more than one side and again add opinions at the end of the essay.

It may not necessarily follow the same exact pattern as listed above in Management accounting notes, terms of structure but it does come close in providing an objective section on each aspect of the online latino statement. The compare and contrast essay comes in two forms: block and itemised. The block model looks like this: Introduction Similarities - 2-3 paragraphs on each similar item Differences - 2-3 paragraphs on each different item Conclusion. There should be balance in terms of the number of similarities and Management accounting, differences mentioned in online, the essay so as to not influence the reader toward concluding toward one way or the other. Notes Of Tybcom! Because this is more about being descriptive, these essays do not necessarily ask for you to provide your opinion like a two-sided essay or a statement and discussion essay. The second compare and contrast essay model is known as the service itemised model and it looks like this:

Introduction Point 1: Similarity and Difference Point 2: Similarity and Difference Point 3: Similarity and Difference Conclusion. This version of the compare and contrast essay focuses more on the three points than the other version, which put the emphasis on the similarities and accounting notes, differences. This requires good transitions and sign-posting for the reader so that they do not get confused. Again, the conclusion does not need to feature your opinion on the subject since this is more about a descriptive versus argumentative presentation. From here, the types of essays only become more complex in the layers within their structure. This includes these two complex essay formats. The 'to what extent' essays looks like this: Introduction Background Point with Yes or No Point with Yes or No Point with Yes or No Point with Yes or No Conclusion where you add up yes or no points. This essay format is Help used for those topics where there may not be a completely solid direction or side to take with a particular topic. The introduction and background sections provide the context where the issue or problem is established and offers reasons why there are no definitive answers related to that issue or problem. From there, each paragraph offers a point where you argue it down to a yes or no conclusion.

This then leads to the conclusion where you tally the accounting points toward yes or no and then offer a direction based on which side has the most points. The multi-function essay means that there are many actions that the essay writer must take in the course of writing and presenting the essay. Its structure looks like this: Introduction Identify the Help with phd proposal xavier Problem Suggest a Solution Evaluate if the Solution Works Recommend how to Proceed Conclusion. Each section becomes a functional item within the essay where the writer offers information and reasons related to accounting notes, that function. The conclusion ties it all together without spending too much time repeating what is already been functionally addressed in each section of the essay.

Now that you understand how to Do your homework song, approach the essay title, subject, question or prompt and have a better sense of the variations on the essay structure theme, we have put together some quick essay strategies to use at this stage in Management accounting of tybcom, the essay process: Use one of the essay structures mentioned here to help your essay flow and the reader follow along so they can see where you are going. Otherwise, any confusion takes away from Do your song music, their focus on what you are actually saying. Always check that you have added transitions so that readers can see why you are going from one point to the next. This involves using linking words or a direct address of the previous thought and how it relates to your next point. Ask yourself these key questions related to the chapter: Have you identified the keywords and the function, or action, words in the essay title or prompt? Have you decided on an essay type for your essay title? And, if not, have you considered diagramming the title to see if it might look like one of the frameworks discussed here?

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