How to write an a research paper introduction

Jan 27, 2018 How to write an a research paper introduction, best essay writers here -

bob black essays No one should ever work. Work is the source of nearly all the misery in the world. Almost any evil you'd care to How to write an a research paper name comes from working or from living in essays unique a world designed for work. In order to stop suffering, we have to stop working. That doesn't mean we have to stop doing things. It does mean creating a new way of life based on play; in other words, a *ludic* conviviality, commensality, and maybe even art. There is more to play than child's play, as worthy as that is. An A Research Introduction! I call for a collective adventure in generalized joy and freely interdependent exuberance. Play isn't passive. Doubtless we all need a lot more time for sheer sloth and slack than we ever enjoy now, regardless of income or occupation, but once recovered from employment-induced exhaustion nearly all of us want to act.

Oblomovism and Stakhanovism are two sides of the same debased coin. Help Paraphrasing! The ludic life is totally incompatible with existing reality. How To Write Introduction! So much the worse for reality, the gravity hole that sucks the vitality from the little in life that still distinguishes it from mere survival. Curiously -- or maybe not -- all the old ideologies are conservative because they believe in Romans alabama work. Some of them, like Marxism and most brands of anarchism, believe in work all the more fiercely because they believe in so little else. Write Research Introduction! Liberals say we should end employment discrimination.

I say we should end employment. Conservatives support right-to-work laws. Following Karl Marx's wayward son-in-law Paul Lafargue I support the right to be lazy. Help! Leftists favor full employment. Like the How to write research paper introduction surrealists -- except that I'm not kidding -- I favor full *un*employment. Trotskyists agitate for Buying college unique, permanent revolution. I agitate for How to write research paper, permanent revelry. But if all the ideologues (as they do) advocate work -- and not only because they plan to make other people do theirs -- they are strangely reluctant to say so. They will carry on endlessly about wages, hours, working conditions, exploitation, productivity, profitability.

They'll gladly talk about anything but work itself. These experts who offer to How to with homework do our thinking for us rarely share their conclusions about work, for all its saliency in the lives of all of us. Among themselves they quibble over How to write an a research paper, the details. Unions and management agree that we ought to finance sell the time of our lives in write paper introduction exchange for survival, although they haggle over the price. Marxists think we should be bossed by bureaucrats. Libertarians think we should be bossed by businessmen. Feminists don't care which form bossing takes so long as the bosses are women. Clearly these ideology-mongers have serious differences over how to with divvy up the spoils of power. How To An A Research Paper! Just as clearly, none of them have any objection to power as such and all of them want to keep us working. You may be wondering if I'm joking or serious. Problems! I'm joking *and* serious.

To be ludic is not to be ludicrous. Play doesn't have to be frivolous, although frivolity isn't triviality: very often we ought to take frivolity seriously. How To Research Introduction! I'd like life to be a game -- but a game with high stakes. I want to play *for* *keeps*. The alternative to work isn't just idleness. To be ludic is not to be quaaludic. As much as I treasure the pleasure of torpor, it's never more rewarding than when it punctuates other pleasures and pastimes. Nor am I promoting the managed time-disciplined safety-valve called leisure; far from it. Leisure is nonwork for the sake of work. Leisure is the Romans help alabama time spent recovering from work and in the frenzied but hopeless attempt to forget about work.

Many people return from vacation so beat that they look forward to returning to work so they can rest up. The main difference between work and write research paper introduction leisure is that work at least you get paid for Buying essays, your alienation and enervation. I am not playing definitional games with anybody. How To Write An A Research! When I say I want to abolish work, I mean just what I say, but I want to say what I mean by defining my terms in non-idiosyncratic ways. My minimum definition of work is *forced* *labor*, that is, compulsory production.

Both elements are essential. Work is paper introduction microsoft word, production enforced by economic or political means, by the carrot or the stick. (The carrot is just the stick by other means.) But not all creation is an a paper, work. Work is never done for its own sake, it's done on account of some product or output that the worker (or, more often, somebody else) gets out of Corporate finance problems, it. This is what work necessarily is. To define it is to How to research paper introduction despise it. Answers Wileyplus! But work is usually even worse than its definition decrees.

The dynamic of domination intrinsic to How to write research work tends over time toward elaboration. In advanced work-riddled societies, including all industrial societies whether capitalist of Communist, work invariably acquires other attributes which accentuate its obnoxiousness. Usually -- and this is Get homework answers wileyplus, even more true in Communist than capitalist countries, where the state is almost the only employer and everyone is an How to an a research paper employee -- work is employment, i. Finance Ross! e., wage-labor, which means selling yourself on How to introduction, the installment plan. How To With! Thus 95% of Americans who work, work for How to research paper introduction, somebody (or some*thing*) else. In the USSR or Cuba or Yugoslavia or any other alternative model which might be adduced, the corresponding figure approaches 100%.

Only the embattled Third World peasant bastions -- Mexico, India, Brazil, Turkey -- temporarily shelter significant concentrations of agriculturists who perpetuate the How to quickly traditional arrangement of most laborers in the last several millenia, the payment of taxes (= ransom) to How to write paper the state or rent to Buying college essays parasitic landlords in write paper introduction return for being otherwise left alone. Even this raw deal is beginning to look good. *All* industrial (and office) workers are employees and under the sort of surveillance which ensures servility. But modern work has worse implications. People don't just work, they have jobs. Get Homework Wileyplus! One person does one productive task all the time on an or-else basis.

Even if the task has a quantum of intrinsic interest (as increasingly many jobs don't) the monotony of its obligatory exclusivity drains its ludic potential. A job that might engage the energies of some people, for a reasonably limited time, for the fun of it, is just a burden on those who have to do it for forty hours a week with no say in How to write introduction how it should be done, for the profit of owners who contribute nothing to the project, and write paper microsoft 2007 with no opportunity for sharing tasks or spreading the work among those who actually have to do it. This is the real world of research introduction, work: a world of bureaucratic blundering, of sexual harassment and discrimination, of bonehead bosses exploiting and Need help paraphrasing a paragraph scapegoating their subordinates who -- by write an a research paper introduction any rational-technical criteria -- should be calling the shots. But capitalism in the real world subordinates the rational maximization of productivity and profit to the exigencies of organizational control. The degradation which most workers experience on wileyplus, the job is the an a research sum of assorted indignities which can be denominated as discipline.

Foucault has complexified this phenomenon but it is simple enough. Discipline consists of the totality of problems ross, totalitarian controls at paper introduction the workplace -- surveillance, rotework, imposed work tempos, production quotas, punching -in and -out, etc. Buying Essays! Discipline is what the How to introduction factory and the office and the store share with the prison and the school and the mental hospital. It is something historically original and horrible. It was beyond the capacities of Get homework, such demonic dictators of yore as Nero and Genghis Khan and Ivan the Terrible.

For all their bad intentions they just didn't have the machinery to How to write an a paper introduction control their subjects as thoroughly as modern despots do. Discipline is the distinctively diabolical modern mode of control, it is an innovative intrusion which must be interdicted at the earliest opportunity. Such is Get homework answers, work. Play is just the write paper opposite. Play is always voluntary. What might otherwise be play is work if it's forced. Get Homework! This is axiomatic. Bernie de Koven has defined play as the suspension of consequences. This is How to write an a paper introduction, unacceptable if it implies that play is inconsequential. The point is not that play is without consequences. This is to demean play.

The point is that the consequences, if any, are gratuitous. Playing and How to write paper word giving are closely related, they are the behavioral and transactional facets of the write introduction same impulse, the Buying college play-instinct. They share an aristocratic disdain for results. The player gets something out of playing; that's why he plays. But the How to introduction core reward is the experience of the activity itself (whatever it is). Some otherwise attentive students of play, like Johan Huizinga (*Homo* *Ludens*), *define* it as game-playing or following rules. Homework Help Alabama! I respect Huizinga's erudition but emphatically reject his constraints. There are many good games (chess, baseball, Monopoly, bridge) which are rule-governed but there is much more to play than game-playing.

Conversation, sex, dancing, travel -- these practices aren't rule-governed but they are surely play if anything is. And rules can be *played* *with* at an a research least as readily as anything else. Work makes a mockery of freedom. The official line is that we all have rights and live in Get homework wileyplus a democracy. Other unfortunates who aren't free like we are have to live in police states. How To An A Research Paper! These victims obey orders or-else, no matter how arbitrary. The authorities keep them under regular surveillance.

State bureaucrats control even the smaller details of everyday life. The officials who push them around are answerable only to help paraphrasing a paragraph higher-ups, public or private. Either way, dissent and disobedience are punished. Paper! Informers report regularly to the authorities. All this is supposed to be a very bad thing. And so it is, although it is nothing but a description of the modern workplace.

The liberals and conservatives and libertarians who lament totalitarianism are phonies and hypocrites. There is more freedom in any moderately deStalinized dictatorship than there is in the ordinary American workplace. You find the same sort of hierarchy and discipline in an office or factory as you do in a prison or monastery. In fact, as Foucault and others have shown, prisons and factories came in at about the same time, and their operators consciously borrowed from each other's control techniques. A worker is a par-time slave. The boss says when to How to write word 2007 show up, when to leave, and How to an a what to do in the meantime. He tells you how much work to do and how fast. He is free to carry his control to humiliating extremes, regulating, if he feels like it, the clothes you wear or how often you go to the bathroom. With a few exceptions he can fire you for any reason, or no reason. Buying! He has you spied on by snitches and write an a supervisors, he amasses a dossier on every employee.

Talking back is called insubordination, just as if a worker is a naughty child, and it not only gets you fired, it disqualifies you for unemployment compensation. Without necessarily endorsing it for Corporate, them either, it is noteworthy that children at home and in school receive much the same treatment, justified in their case by their supposed immaturity. What does this say about their parents and teachers who work? The demeaning system of domination I've described rules over half the waking hours of a majority of women and the vast majority of men for decades, for most of their lifespans. For certain purposes it's not too misleading to call our system democracy or capitalism or -- better still -- industrialism, but its real names are factory fascism and office oligarchy. Anybody who says these people are free is lying or stupid. You are what you do. If you do boring, stupid monotonous work, chances are you'll end up boring, stupid and monotonous. Work is a much better explanation for the creeping cretinization all around us than even such significant moronizing mechanisms as television and education.

People who are regimented all their lives, handed off to work from school and write an a research paper bracketed by the family in the beginning and the nursing home at the end, are habituated to heirarchy and wileyplus psychologically enslaved. Their aptitude for autonomy is so atrophied that their fear of freedom is among their few rationally grounded phobias. Their obedience training at work carries over into the families *they* start, thus reproducing the system in more ways than one, and into politics, culture and research paper introduction everything else. Once you drain the vitality from people at work, they'll likely submit to heirarchy and expertise in everything. They're used to it. We are so close to the world of work that we can't see what it does to answers us. We have to rely on outside observers from write an a introduction other times or other cultures to appreciate the extremity and help the pathology of our present position. There was a time in our own past when the How to write an a research paper introduction work ethic would have been incomprehensible, and perhaps Weber was on to something when he tied its appearance to a religion, Calvinism, which if it emerged today instead of four centuries ago would immediately and appropriately be labeled a cult. Be that as it may, we have only to draw upon the wisdom of antiquity to put work in perspective. Get Homework Wileyplus! The ancients saw work for what it is, and their view prevailed, the Calvinist cranks notwithstanding, until overthrown by industrialism -- but not before receiving the endorsement of an a paper, its prophets.

Let's pretend for a moment that work doesn't turn people into stultified submissives. Let's pretend, in Get homework defiance of write research introduction, any plausible psychology and the ideology of its boosters, that it has no effect on the formation of character. And let's pretend that work isn't as boring and tiring and humiliating as we all know it really is. Even then, work would *still* make a mockery of How to help with, all humanistic and democratic aspirations, just because it usurps so much of How to research paper introduction, our time. Socrates said that manual laborers make bad friends and bad citizens because they have no time to fulfill the responsibilities of friendship and paper introduction microsoft word 2007 citizenship. He was right. Because of research paper, work, no matter what we do we keep looking at out watches. The only thing free about so-called free time is that it doesn't cost the boss anything.

Free time is mostly devoted to getting ready for work, going to Romans help work, returning from research work, and recovering from work. Free time is answers wileyplus, a euphemism for an a, the peculiar way labor as a factor of production not only transports itself at its own expense to and from the workplace but assumes primary responsibility for its own maintenance and repair. Coal and steel don't do that. Lathes and typewriters don't do that. But workers do. No wonder Edward G. Robinson in unique one of his gangster movies exclaimed, Work is for saps! Both Plato and Xenophon attribute to Socrates and obviously share with him an awareness of the How to write an a introduction destructive effects of Romans help, work on the worker as a citizen and a human being. Herodotus identified contempt for an a research, work as an attribute of the classical Greeks at the zenith of their culture. To take only one Roman example, Cicero said that whoever gives his labor for money sells himself and How to microsoft puts himself in the rank of slaves. His candor is now rare, but contemporary primitive societies which we are wont to look down upon How to research paper introduction have provided spokesmen who have enlightened Western anthropologists.

The Kapauku of West Irian, according to Posposil, have a conception of Get homework answers, balance in life and accordingly work only every other day, the day of How to write research, rest designed to regain the help alabama lost power and health. Our ancestors, even as late as the How to write research paper eighteenth century when they were far along the path to answers our present predicament, at least were aware of what we have forgotten, the underside of industrialization. Their religious devotion to St. Monday -- thus establishing a *de* *facto* five-day week 150-200 years before its legal consecration -- was the despair of the How to write an a introduction earliest factory owners. They took a long time in submitting to Get homework the tyranny of the bell, predecessor of the time clock. In fact it was necessary for a generation or two to an a research introduction replace adult males with women accustomed to How to help homework obedience and children who could be molded to fit industrial needs. Even the exploited peasants of the *ancien* *regime* wrested substantial time back from their landlord's work. According to an a research introduction Lafargue, a fourth of the French peasants' calendar was devoted to Buying essays unique Sundays and holidays, and Chayanov's figures from villages in How to an a introduction Czarist Russia -- hardly a progressive society -- likewise show a fourth or fifth of peasants' days devoted to repose. Controlling for productivity, we are obviously far behind these backward societies. The exploited *muzhiks* would wonder why any of us are working at Get homework answers wileyplus all. So should we.

To grasp the full enormity of our deterioration, however, consider the an a paper earliest condition of humanity, without government or property, when we wandered as hunter-gatherers. Hobbes surmised that life was then nasty, brutish and short. Others assume that life was a desperate unremitting struggle for subsistence, a war waged against a harsh Nature with death and disaster awaiting the unlucky or anyone who was unequal to the challenge of the struggle for answers, existence. Write An A Research Introduction! Actually, that was all a projection of help with homework, fears for How to write research, the collapse of government authority over How to help quickly, communities unaccustomed to doing without it, like the England of How to write research paper, Hobbes during the Civil War. Hobbes' compatriots had already encountered alternative forms of society which illustrated other ways of life -- in North America, particularly -- but already these were too remote from their experience to Romans homework be understandable. (The lower orders, closer to the condition of the Indians, understood it better and often found it attractive. An A Research Paper Introduction! Throughout the seventeenth century, English settlers defected to paraphrasing a paragraph Indian tribes or, captured in war, refused to return. But the Indians no more defected to white settlements than Germans climb the an a paper Berlin Wall from the west.) The survival of the fittest version -- the Thomas Huxley version -- of Darwinism was a better account of economic conditions in Victorian England than it was of natural selection, as the Corporate finance problems anarchist Kropotkin showed in his book *Mutual* *Aid,* *A* *Factor* *of* *Evolution*. (Kropotkin was a scientist -- a geographer -- who'd had ample involuntary opportunity for write an a research paper introduction, fieldwork whilst exiled in Siberia: he knew what he was talking about.) Like most social and political theory, the story Hobbes and his successors told was really unacknowledged autobiography. The anthropologist Marshall Sahlins, surveying the data on contemporary hunter-gatherers, exploded the Hobbesian myth in an article entitled The Original Affluent Society. They work a lot less than we do, and their work is hard to distinguish from what we regard as play.

Sahlins concluded that hunters and gatherers work less than we do; and rather than a continuous travail, the food quest is intermittent, leisure abundant, and there is finance problems ross, a greater amount of sleep in How to research paper introduction the daytime per capita per Need paraphrasing, year than in How to an a paper introduction any other condition of society. They worked an How to help with homework average of four hours a day, assuming they were working at introduction all. Their labor, as it appears to us, was skilled labor which exercised their physical and intellectual capacities; unskilled labor on paper introduction microsoft, any large scale, as Sahlins says, is How to research paper, impossible except under industrialism. Thus it satisfied Friedrich Schiller's definition of How to help with homework, play, the only occasion on which man realizes his complete humanity by giving full play to both sides of his twofold nature, thinking and feeling. As he put it: The animal *works* when deprivation is the mainspring of its activity, and it *plays* when the fullness of its strength is this mainspring, when superabundant life is How to write an a research introduction, its own stimulus to activity. (A modern version -- dubiously developmental -- is Abraham Maslow's counterposition of deficiency and growth motivation.) Play and freedom are, as regards production, coextensive. Even Marx, who belongs (for all his good intentions) in the productivist pantheon, observed that the Romans help alabama realm of freedom does not commence until the point is passed where labor under the compulsion of necessity and external utility is required. He never could quite bring himself to identify this happy circumstance as what it is, the abolition of work -- it's rather anomalous, after all, to be pro-worker and anti-work -- but we can. Write An A Research! The aspiration to go backwards or forwards to a life without work is evident in every serious social or cultural history of problems, pre-industrial Europe, among them M. Dorothy George's *England* In* *Transition* and Peter Burke's *Popular* *Culture* *in* *Early* *Modern* *Europe*.

Also pertinent is Daniel Bell's essay, Work and its Discontents, the first text, I believe, to How to research refer to the revolt against work in so many words and, had it been understood, an important correction to the complacency ordinarily associated with the volume in which it was collected, *The* *End* *of* *Ideology*. Neither critics nor celebrants have noticed that Bell's end-of-ideology thesis signaled not the end of social unrest but the beginning of a new, uncharted phase unconstrained and uninformed by ideology. It was Seymour Lipset (in *Political* *Man*), not Bell, who announced at Get homework answers wileyplus the same time that the fundamental problems of the Industrial Revolution have been solved, only a few years before the post- or meta-industrial discontents of college students drove Lipset from UC Berkeley to the relative (and temporary) tranquility of Harvard. As Bell notes, Adam Smith in *The* *Wealth* *of* *Nations*, for an a paper, all his enthusiasm for the market and with quickly the division of labor, was more alert to (and more honest about) the seamy side of work than Ayn Rand or the Chicago economists or any of research paper introduction, Smith's modern epigones. As Smith observed: The understandings of the greater part of men are necessarily formed by homework alabama their ordinary employments. An A Research Paper Introduction! The man whose life is spent in performing a few simple operations. has no occasion to exert his understanding. He generally becomes as stupid and ignorant as it is possible for a human creature to become. Here, in a few blunt words, is my critique of work. Bell, writing in 1956, the How to 2007 Golden Age of Eisenhower imbecility and American self-satisfaction, identified the unorganized, unorganizable malaise of the research introduction 1970's and since, the one no political tendency is able to harness, the one identified in HEW's report *Work* *in* *America*, the one which cannot be exploited and so is ignored. That problem is the Need help paraphrasing a paragraph revolt against write, work.

It does not figure in any text by any laissez-faire economist -- Milton Friedman, Murray Rothbard, Richard Posner -- because, in answers their terms, as they used to say on *Star* *Trek*, it does not compute. If these objections, informed by the love of liberty, fail to persuade humanists of How to write an a, a utilitarian or even paternalist turn, there are others which they cannot disregard. Work is hazardous to help your health, to borrow a book title. In fact, work is mass murder or genocide. Directly or indirectly, work will kill most of the people who read these words. Between 14,000 and 25,000 workers are killed annually in this country on the job. Over two million are disabled. Twenty to twenty-five million are injured every year. And these figures are based on a very conservative estimation of what constitutes a work-related injury. Thus they don't count the write an a paper half million cases of occupational disease every year.

I looked at one medical textbook on occupational diseases which was 1,200 pages long. Even this barely scratches the surface. Need! The available statistics count the obvious cases like the 100,000 miners who have black lung disease, of whom 4,000 die every year, a much higher fatality rate than for AIDS, for instance, which gets so much media attention. An A Research! This reflects the unvoiced assumption that AIDS afflicts perverts who could control their depravity whereas coal-mining is a sacrosanct activity beyond question. What the statistics don't show is with homework quickly, that tens of millions of people have heir lifespans shortened by work -- which is all that homicide means, after all. Consider the doctors who work themselves to death in their 50's. Consider all the other workaholics. Even if you aren't killed or crippled while actually working, you very well might be while going to work, coming from work, looking for work, or trying to forget about work.

The vast majority of victims of the automobile are either doing one of these work-obligatory activities or else fall afoul of those who do them. To this augmented body-count must be added the victims of auto-industrial pollution and work-induced alcoholism and drug addiction. Both cancer and heart disease are modern afflictions normally traceable, directly, or indirectly, to work. Work, then, institutionalizes homicide as a way of life. People think the Cambodians were crazy for exterminating themselves, but are we any different? The Pol Pot regime at least had a vision, however blurred, of an egalitarian society. We kill people in the six-figure range (at least) in order to sell Big Macs and Cadillacs to the survivors. How To Research! Our forty or fifty thousand annual highway fatalities are victims, not martyrs. Answers Wileyplus! They died for nothing -- or rather, they died for How to research paper introduction, work. Alabama! But work is nothing to die for.

Bad news for liberals: regulatory tinkering is an a research, useless in this life-and-death context. With Quickly! The federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration was designed to police the core part of the problem, workplace safety. Even before Reagan and the Supreme Court stifled it, OSHA was a farce. At previous and How to write an a introduction (by current standards) generous Carter-era funding levels, a workplace could expect a random visit from an OSHA inspector once every 46 years. State control of the paraphrasing economy is no solution. Work is, if anything, more dangerous in the state-socialist countries than it is here. Thousands of Russian workers were killed or injured building the How to write an a research paper Moscow subway.

Stories reverberate about covered-up Soviet nuclear disasters which make Times Beach and Three-Mile Island look like elementary-school air-raid drills. On the How to with other hand, deregulation, currently fashionable, won't help and will probably hurt. How To An A Introduction! From a health and safety standpoint, among others, work was at its worst in the days when the economy most closely approximated laissez-faire. Historians like Eugene Genovese have argued persuasively that -- as antebellum slavery apologists insisted -- factory wage-workers in the Northern American states and in Europe were worse off than Southern plantation slaves. No rearrangement of Need help, relations among bureaucrats and businessmen seems to make much difference at the point of production. Serious enforcement of How to write an a paper, even the rather vague standards enforceable in How to theory by OSHA would probably bring the economy to a standstill.

The enforcers apparently appreciate this, since they don't even try to an a introduction crack down on most malefactors. What I've said so far ought not to be controversial. Many workers are fed up with work. There are high and rising rates of absenteeism, turnover, employee theft and sabotage, wildcat strikes, and overall goldbricking on the job. There may be some movement toward a conscious and not just visceral rejection of work. And yet the prevalent feeling, universal among bosses and their agents and also widespread among workers themselves is that work itself is Need help paraphrasing, inevitable and write research paper introduction necessary. Essays! I disagree.

It is now possible to abolish work and replace it, insofar as it serves useful purposes, with a multitude of new kinds of free activities. How To Paper! To abolish work requires going at help quickly it from two directions, quantitative and qualitative. On the one hand, on the quantitative side, we have to cut down massively on the amount of work being done. At present most work is useless or worse and we should simply get rid of it. On the other hand -- and I think this the crux of the write research matter and Get homework answers wileyplus the revolutionary new departure -- we have to take what useful work remains and transform it into an a introduction a pleasing variety of paraphrasing a paragraph, game-like and craft-like pastimes, indistinguishable from other pleasurable pastimes, except that they happen to yield useful end-products. Surely that shouldn't make them *less* enticing to do. How To Research Introduction! Then all the artificial barriers of power and property could come down. Creation could become recreation.

And we could all stop being afraid of answers wileyplus, each other. I don't suggest that most work is salvageable in this way. But then most work isn't worth trying to save. Only a small and diminishing fraction of work serves any useful purpose independent of the research defense and How to an apa paper microsoft reproduction of the work-system and its political and legal appendages. Twenty years ago, Paul and Percival Goodman estimated that just five percent of the How to write work then being done -- presumably the figure, if accurate, is write an apa paper introduction word 2007, lower now -- would satisfy our minimal needs for food, clothing, and How to write paper shelter. Theirs was only an educated guess but the main point is quite clear: directly or indirectly, most work serves the unproductive purposes of help a paragraph, commerce or social control. Right off the bat we can liberate tens of millions of salesmen, soldiers, managers, cops, stockbrokers, clergymen, bankers, lawyers, teachers, landlords, security guards, ad-men and everyone who works for them. Paper Introduction! There is a snowball effect since every time you idle some bigshot you liberate his flunkeys and underlings also. Answers! Thus the economy *implodes*. Forty percent of the workforce are white-collar workers, most of whom have some of the most tedious and How to write an a research paper idiotic jobs ever concocted. Entire industries, insurance and Need paraphrasing banking and real estate for instance, consist of nothing but useless paper-shuffling.

It is no accident that the tertiary sector, the service sector, is growing while the write introduction secondary sector (industry) stagnates and the primary sector (agriculture) nearly disappears. Because work is How to help with homework, unnecessary except to those whose power it secures, workers are shifted from relatively useful to relatively useless occupations as a measure to How to assure public order. Anything is better than nothing. That's why you can't go home just because you finish early. They want your *time*, enough of it to make you theirs, even if they have no use for most of help paraphrasing a paragraph, it. Otherwise why hasn't the average work week gone down by more than a few minutes in the past fifty years? Next we can take a meat-cleaver to production work itself. No more war production, nuclear power, junk food, feminine hygiene deodorant -- and above all, no more auto industry to speak of. An occasional Stanley Steamer or Model-T might be all right, but the auto-eroticism on which such pestholes as Detroit and Los Angeles depend on How to, is out of the question. Already, without even trying, we've virtually solved the energy crisis, the environmental crisis and paraphrasing a paragraph assorted other insoluble social problems.

Finally, we must do away with far and away the largest occupation, the research one with the Get homework wileyplus longest hours, the lowest pay and some of the most tedious tasks around. I refer to *housewives* doing housework and child-rearing. By abolishing wage-labor and achieving full unemployment we undermine the sexual division of labor. The nuclear family as we know it is an inevitable adaptation to the division of labor imposed by modern wage-work. Like it or not, as things have been for the last century or two it is economically rational for the man to bring home the bacon, for the woman to do the write research shitwork to provide him with a haven in a heartless world, and for the children to be marched off to youth concentration camps called schools, primarily to help alabama keep them out of Mom's hair but still under control, but incidentally to acquire the habits of obedience and punctuality so necessary for workers. How To Write An A Research Paper! If you would be rid of patriarchy, get rid of the nuclear family whose unpaid shadow work, as Ivan Illich says, makes possible the work-system that makes *it* necessary. Bound up with this no-nukes strategy is the abolition of childhood and the closing of the schools. Get Homework! There are more full-time students than full-time workers in this country. We need children as teachers, not students. They have a lot to an a research paper contribute to the ludic revolution because they're better at playing than grown-ups are. Adults and children are not identical but they will become equal through interdependence.

Only play can bridge the generation gap. Need Help! I haven't as yet even mentioned the possibility of cutting way down on the little work that remains by automating and cybernizing it. All the scientists and an a research introduction engineers and technicians freed from bothering with war research and planned obsolescence would have a good time devising means to eliminate fatigue and tedium and danger from activities like mining. Undoubtedly they'll find other projects to amuse themselves with. Perhaps they'll set up world-wide all-inclusive multi-media communications systems or found space colonies.

Perhaps. I myself am no gadget freak. I wouldn't care to live in a pushbutton paradise. I don't what robot slaves to do everything; I want to do things myself. There is, I think, a place for labor-saving technology, but a modest place. The historical and with quickly pre-historical record is not encouraging. When productive technology went from How to an a introduction hunting-gathering to agriculture and on to industry, work increased while skills and self-determination diminished.

The further evolution of industrialism has accentuated what Harry Braverman called the degradation of work. Intelligent observers have always been aware of this. An Apa Paper Introduction Word! John Stuart Mill wrote that all the labor-saving inventions ever devised haven't saved a moment's labor. Karl Marx wrote that it would be possible to write a history of the write an a research introduction inventions, made since 1830, for homework help alabama, the sole purpose of supplying capital with weapons against the revolts of the working class. The enthusiastic technophiles -- Saint-Simon, Comte, Lenin, B. F. Skinner -- have always been unabashed authoritarians also; which is to say, technocrats. We should be more than sceptical about the promises of the computer mystics. *They* work like dogs; chances are, if they have their way, so will the rest of us.

But if they have any particularized contributions more readily subordinated to human purposes than the run of high tech, let's give them a hearing. What I really want to see is work turned into play. A first step is to discard the notions of a job and an occupation. How To An A! Even activities that already have some ludic content lose most of it by being reduced to jobs which certain people, and only those people are forced to do to the exclusion of all else. Is it not odd that farm workers toil painfully in the fields while their air-conditioned masters go home every weekend and putter about in their gardens? Under a system of permanent revelry, we will witness the Golden Age of the dilettante which will put the Renaissance to shame.

There won't be any more jobs, just things to do and people to do them. The secret of Corporate finance problems ross, turning work into play, as Charles Fourier demonstrated, is to arrange useful activities to take advantage of whatever it is that various people at various times in fact enjoy doing. To make it possible for some people to do the things they could enjoy it will be enough just to eradicate the irrationalities and distortions which afflict these activities when they are reduced to work. I, for instance, would enjoy doing some (not too much) teaching, but I don't want coerced students and I don't care to suck up to pathetic pedants for tenure. Second, there are some things that people like to do from time to time, but not for too long, and certainly not all the How to an a time. You might enjoy baby-sitting for a few hours in order to share the company of Corporate finance, kids, but not as much as their parents do. The parents meanwhile, profoundly appreciate the time to themselves that you free up for them, although they'd get fretful if parted from their progeny for too long. These differences among individuals are what make a life of free play possible. The same principle applies to many other areas of an a research paper introduction, activity, especially the primal ones. Thus many people enjoy cooking when they can practice it seriously at their leisure, but not when they're just fueling up human bodies for work.

Third -- other things being equal -- some things that are unsatisfying if done by yourself or in Get homework unpleasant surroundings or at the orders of an overlord are enjoyable, at least for a while, if these circumstances are changed. This is probably true, to some extent, of How to paper, all work. People deploy their otherwise wasted ingenuity to make a game of the least inviting drudge-jobs as best they can. Activities that appeal to some people don't always appeal to all others, but everyone at least potentially has a variety of interests and an interest in variety. As the saying goes, anything once. Fourier was the master at speculating how aberrant and perverse penchants could be put to use in post-civilized society, what he called Harmony. He thought the Emperor Nero would have turned out all right if as a child he could have indulged his taste for help homework, bloodshed by working in a slaughterhouse. Small children who notoriously relish wallowing in filth could be organized in Little Hordes to clean toilets and empty the garbage, with medals awarded to the outstanding.

I am not arguing for these precise examples but for the underlying principle, which I think makes perfect sense as one dimension of an overall revolutionary transformation. Bear in mind that we don't have to write paper take today's work just as we find it and match it up with the proper people, some of problems, whom would have to be perverse indeed. If technology has a role in How to write research all this it is less to automate work out of existence than to open up new realms for re/creation. To some extent we may want to Corporate finance problems return to handicrafts, which William Morris considered a probable and desirable upshot of communist revolution. Art would be taken back from the snobs and collectors, abolished as a specialized department catering to How to write paper introduction an elite audience, and its qualities of beauty and creation restored to integral life from help with homework quickly which they were stolen by work. It's a sobering thought that the grecian urns we write odes about and write research showcase in museums were used in their own time to Romans store olive oil. I doubt our everyday artifacts will fare as well in the future, if there is one. The point is that there's no such thing as progress in write research the world of work; if anything it's just the opposite. We shouldn't hesitate to pilfer the past for what it has to offer, the ancients lose nothing yet we are enriched. The reinvention of daily life means marching off the edge of our maps. There is, it is true, more suggestive speculation than most people suspect.

Besides Fourier and Morris -- and even a hint, here and there, in unique Marx -- there are the writings of Kropotkin, the syndicalists Pataud and Pouget, anarcho-communists old (Berkman) and new (Bookchin). The Goodman brothers' *Communitas* is an a, exemplary for illustrating what forms follow from given functions (purposes), and there is something to be gleaned from the often hazy heralds of How to quickly, alternative/appropriate/intermediate/convivial technology, like Schumacher and especially Illich, once you disconnect their fog machines. The situationists -- as represented by Vaneigem's *Revolution* *of* *Daily* *Life* and in the *Situationist* *International* *Anthology* -- are so ruthlessly lucid as to be exhilarating, even if they never did quite square the write endorsement of the rule of the worker's councils with the abolition of work. Better their incongruity, though than any extant version of leftism, whose devotees look to be the last champions of work, for help quickly, if there were no work there would be no workers, and without workers, who would the write introduction left have to organize? So the abolitionists would be largely on their own.

No one can say what would result from unleashing the help creative power stultified by work. Anything can happen. The tiresome debater's problem of freedom vs. necessity, with its theological overtones, resolves itself practically once the production of use-values is coextensive with the consumption of delightful play-activity. Life will become a game, or rather many games, but not -- as it is now - -- a zero/sum game. An optimal sexual encounter is the paradigm of productive play, The participants potentiate each other's pleasures, nobody keeps score, and everybody wins. The more you give, the more you get. In the ludic life, the best of sex will diffuse into the better part of daily life.

Generalized play leads to the libidinization of life. Sex, in turn, can become less urgent and desperate, more playful. If we play our cards right, we can all get more out of life than we put into it; but only if we play for keeps. No one should ever work. Workers of the world. *relax*!

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Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper: Reviewing Collected Essays. Collected essays vary in write research paper introduction, form and content [see below], but they are generally a single volume containing chapters written by different authors under the write an apa introduction word guidance of an editor or editors. The overall work may cover a broad subject area, such as health care reform, or closely examine a specific research problem, such as antitrust regulation in the clothing industry. Research? Each chapter is written by an expert in the field examining a particular aspect of answers wileyplus, that topic. Most books of collected essays include a foreword or introductory chapter written by the editor(s) that summarizes current research about the paper introduction topic and places the essays within a larger scholarly context. How to Approach Writing Your Review. Conference Proceedings -- a collection of papers published as part of an academic conference or other gathering of professionals. The purpose is to inform a wider audience of the papers presented at the conference as well as to document the work of scholars who have participated in that conference.

Many conferences are held annually and, thus, the How to write an apa 2007 proceedings are published each year. Some proceedings focus on a particular theme representing a cutting edge issue in the field [e.g., Chun, Soon Ae. How To Write Research Paper? Proceedings of the 10th Annual International Conference on Buying college unique Digital Government Research: May 17-20, 2009 . New York: ACM Press, 2009]. Write Paper Introduction? Collection of an Author's Research -- a collection of How to homework quickly, works by a distinguished scholar. The contents of collected works can take the form of reprints of an a paper introduction, prior research or of selected reprints with a new introductory chapter by the author or an expert in the field that synthesizes and Need help, updates the overall status of research [e.g., The Nature of Politics: Selected Essays of How to write an a research paper, Bertrand de Jouvenel . Edited and with an introduction by an apa paper introduction microsoft 2007, Dennis Hale and Marc Landy; Foreword by Wilson Carey McWilliams.

New York: Schocken Books, 1987. xxxv, 254 pp.] Festschrift -- a volume of How to write introduction, articles or essays by Corporate finance problems ross, colleagues and admirers that serve as a tribute or memorial to How to an a research introduction, a preeminent scholar or public figure. The essays usually relate to, or reflect upon, an honoree's contributions to their field of study, but may also include original research by the authors that build upon the research of the honoree [e.g., Social Cognition, Social Identity, and Intergroup Relations: A Festschrift in Need help a paragraph, Honor of Marilynn B. Brewer . Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, editors. New York: Psychology Press, 2011. xi, 423 pp.]. Paper? Reader -- a collection of articles, most often reprinted from scholarly journals, representing a cross-section of research about a particular topic. Most readers are intended to be used in the classroom.

Readers serve to document the How to write an apa paper word breadth and range of the important research that has developed in research, a particular area of study and, often, as specified over Get homework answers wileyplus, a period of write an a introduction, time [e.g., Companion Reader on Violence Against Women . Claire M. Corporate Problems? Renzetti, Jeffrey L. Edleson, Raquel Kennedy Bergen, editors. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2012. Write An A Research Paper Introduction? x, 411 pp.]. Reprints -- sometimes in the form of a multi-volume set, this is a selective collection of previously published materials. Most frequently, reprints contain scholarly journal articles gathered together to form a comprehensive overview of prior research in a particular area of study [e.g., Brooks, Thom, editor. Wileyplus? Rawls and Law . Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2012]. Thematic Articles -- the most common form of collected works in the social sciences, this is a collection of new scholarly essays from research introduction, multiple authors examining a particular research problem or topic. This can be in the form of a book, a reprint, or a journal [e.g., “Monitoring Social Mobility in the Twenty-First Century.” Edited by David B. Grusky, Timothy M. Smeeding and C. Corporate? Matthew Snipp. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and write research, Social Science 657 (January 2015): 1-273]. Developing an Assessment Strategy. The challenge with reviewing a book of collected essays is that you must begin by thinking critically about the wileyplus research problem that underpins each of the individual essays, synthesizing the arguments of multiple authors, and then clearly organizing those arguments into conceptual categories [themes] as you write your draft. Listed below are some questions to ask yourself depending on the type of collected work you're reviewing . Note that all types of collected works require you to first identify the an a paper introduction overarching subject area or topic under investigation.

Conference Proceedings -- what organization is sponsoring the conference? Is there a specific theme to Get homework answers wileyplus, the conference? Why is that theme important? Was the collection of How to write an a research paper introduction, papers selectively chosen or do the proceedings represent all papers presented at the conference? If not, how were the papers selected?

Are the papers reprinted as they were presented or have they been updated or significantly edited prior to publication [this fact is often noted in the introduction]? Are the proceedings online and, if so, how might this facilitate access to additional materials? Is there foreword or an introductory chapter that effectively synthesizes the collection? Is it logically organized and include important front and back matter, such as, a table of contents, profiles of each contributor, and, most importantly, an index to locate information from among all of the papers? Collection of an Author's Research -- who is the author and why do you believe his or her work is important enough to be gathered together for publication? Is there an underlying theme or does the collection represent a best of collection? What may have been ommitted?

Are any original works included or are the contents only college essays unique reprints? Is there a bibliography of the all of the author's writings? Is there a foreword or an How to write research paper introduction introductory chapter written by the author or a guest contributor that effectively synthesizes the collection? Are the help with homework quickly contents arranged logically [e.g., chronologically, thematically] and ise important front and back matter included, such as, a table of contents and an index? Festschrift -- who is being honored and why? Do the contributors represent a diversity of viewpoints or perspectives?

Do the contributions represent essays of general tribute or do they represent original research that builds upon the honoree's prior work? Is there a list of contributors and does it include biographical profiles of How to paper introduction, each that helps determine their relationship to Need help a paragraph, the honoree? Is there a foreword or an introductory chapter that effectively synthesizes the collection? Is it logically organized and include important front and back matter, such as, a table of How to an a introduction, contents and answers wileyplus, an index? Reader -- does the collection represent a broad spectrum of publications about How to introduction a research topic or only paraphrasing a few? Are there underrepresented areas of research in How to paper introduction, the collection? Are the sources making up the collection representative of one or only a few areas of study or do they represent an interdisciplinary perspective about the topic? Is there a list of editors/compilers and Buying college essays unique, does it include biographical profiles of each? Are the contents reprinted in their entirety or is the text only excerpted? Are the reprints readily available through other means or do they represent a compilation of hard-to-find publications?

Is there a foreword or an introductory chapter that effectively synthesizes the collection? Is it logically organized and include important front and write paper, back matter, such as, a table of contents and an index? Reprints -- does the collection represent reprints from a variety of Romans help alabama, publications or only a few? Are there underrepresented areas of How to write paper introduction, research in the collection? Are the help sources making up the collection representative of one or only a few areas of study or do they represent an How to interdisciplinary perspective about the topic? Are the reprints readily available through other means or do they represent a compilation of hard-to-find publications? Are the reprints from relatively current or older publications?

Is there a foreword or an introductory chapter that effectively synthesizes the homework help collection? Is it logically organized and include important front and back matter such as a table of contents and an index? Thematic Articles -- how are the contents arranged? Do the contributions survey a broad area of research or do they examine multiple issues associated with a particular research problem? Is there a list of How to write paper introduction, contributors and does it include biographical profiles of each? Do you the contributors come from one or a variety of institutions? Do the contributors all come from the United States or are there any international contributors? Is there foreword or an introductory chapter that effectively synthesizes the collection? Does the work include important front and back matter, such as, a table of contents and an index? I. Bibliographic Information.

Provide the Corporate finance problems essential information about the book using the writing style that your professor has asked you to use for the course [e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.]. Depending on how your professor wants you to organize your review, the bibliographic information represents the heading of your review. In general, it would look like this: El Ghonemy, Mohamad Riad. Anti-Poverty Land Reform Issues Never Die: Collected Essays on Development Economics in Practice . How To An A? (New York: Routledge, 2010. xx, 223 pp.) Reviewed by [your name]. The first challenge in write paper introduction word 2007, reviewing any type of collected essay work is to identify and summarize its overarching scope and purpose, with additional focus on describing how the book is organized and whether or not the arrangement of its individual parts facilitates and contributes to an understanding of the subject area. Most collected essays include a general statement of purpose in the foreword or an How to write research paper introductory chapter that describes the Buying college essays unique overarching themes and summarizes each essay. In some cases, the editor will discuss the an a paper introduction scope and purpose at the beginning of each essay. To help develop your own introductory thesis statement that covers all of the material, start by reviewing and How to, taking notes about the write an a introduction aim and Need help, intent of each essay. Once completed, identify key issues and themes.

For example, in a compilation of essays on environmental law, you may find the papers examine various legal approaches to environmental protection, describe alternatives to How to research paper introduction, the law, and compare domestic and international issues. By identifying the overall themes, you create a framework from which you can cogently evaluate the Corporate problems ross contents. As with any review, your introduction must be succinct, accurate, unbiased, and clearly stated. However, given that you are reviewing a number of parts within a much larger work, you may need several paragraphs to provide a comprehensive overview of the How to write research paper introduction book's overall scope, purpose, and content. If you find it difficult to answers wileyplus, discern the overall aims and objectives of the write an a research collected essay work [and, be sure to point this out in your review if you believe it to be a deficiency], you may arrive at an understanding of the purpose by asking yourself the Buying college essays following questions:

Why did the contributing authors write on this subject rather than on some other subject? Why is it important? From what point of view is the overall work written? Do some essays systematically take one stance while others investigate another, or do the essays just represent a mish-mash of viewpoints? Were each of the authors trying to give information, to explain something technical, or to convince the reader of a belief’s validity by dramatizing it in action? What is the an a paper general field or genre, and how does the book fit into it? Review related literature from other books and journal articles to Romans help, familiarize yourself with the field, if necessary. Who is the intended audience?

Is it very specialized or intended for a broader audience? What are each author's style? Do they clash or do they flow together? Is it formal or informal? You can evaluate the quality of the paper introduction writing style by noting some of the following standards: coherence, clarity, originality, forcefulness, correct use of How to an apa paper, technical words, conciseness, fullness of development, and fluidity.

Scan the table of contents because it can help you understand how the book is organized and will aid in determining the main ideas covered and how they are developed [e.g., chronologically, topically, thematically, etc.] How did the How to an a research paper book affect you? Were any prior assumptions you had about the subject changed, abandoned, or reinforced due to this book? Did some essays stand out homework help, more than others? In what ways? How is the research book related to your own course or personal agenda? What experiences have you had that relate to the subject? How well has the book achieved its goal(s)?

What are the main takeaways? Would you recommend the How to write an apa paper microsoft 2007 book to others? Why or why not? III. How To An A Paper Introduction? Critically Evaluate the Contents. Critical comments should form the bulk of your book review . A good method for reviewing a collection of homework alabama, essays is to follow the arrangement of How to write research, contents, particularly if the essays are grouped in a particular way, and to Need help paraphrasing, frame the analysis in the context of the key issues and themes you identified in the introduction. Write Research Introduction? State whether or not you feel the overall treatment of the subject matter is appropriate for the intended audience. Ask yourself: Has the purpose of the book been achieved? Have all of the a paragraph essays contributed something important to the overall purpose?

If not, how have some author's failed to add something meaningful? What contribution does the book make to the field? Is the treatment of the subject matter fair and unbiased? Are there facts and evidence that have been omitted? What kinds of data, if any, are used to support the author's thesis statement?

Can the same data be interpreted to alternate ends? Is the writing style clear and effective? Considered collectively, did the essays cover the topic or research problem thoroughly? If not, what issue or perspective about the topic do you believe has been omitted? Does the book raise important or provocative issues or topics for discussion and further research? Support your evaluation with evidence from the text and, when possible, in relation to How to research introduction, other sources. Do not evaluate each essay one at a time but group the analysis around the key issues and themes you first identified.

If relevant, make note of the Romans homework book's format, such as, layout, binding, typography, etc. Do some or all of the essays include tables, charts, maps, illustrations, or other non-textual elements? Are they clear and do they aid in understanding the research problem? IV. Examine the Front Matter and Back Matter. Front matter refers to anything before the first chapter of the write book. Back matter refers to any information included after the final chapter of the book . Front matter is most often numbered separately from the rest of the text in lower case Roman numerals [i.e. Answers? i-xi ]. Critical commentary about front or back matter is generally only necessary if you believe there is something that diminishes the overall quality of the work [e.g., the indexing is poor] or there is something that is particularly helpful in understanding the book's contents [e.g., foreword places the write book in an important context]. The following front matter may be included in a book and may be considered for evaluation when reviewing its overall quality: Table of contents -- is Romans help alabama, it clear?

Is it detailed or general? Does it reflect the true contents of the book? Author biographies -- also found as back matter, the biography of author(s) can be useful in determining the authority of the writer and How to write research introduction, whether the book builds on prior research or represents new research. In a collected work, think about the following: what is the Get homework answers distribution of expertise among authors? Does it represent an interdisciplinary perspective or is the How to an a paper introduction scope of expertise more narrow? Are the How to write an apa authors from How to an a paper, a variety of institutions or just a few? Are the author affiliations international in scope or just from one country or region? Foreword -- the purpose of a foreword is to college, introduce the reader to the author as well as the book itself, and to help establish credibility for both.

A foreword may not contribute any additional information about the book's subject matter, but it serves as a means of validating the book's existence. How To Introduction? Later editions of a book sometimes have a new foreword prepended [appearing before an older foreword, if there was one], which may be included to explain how the Need a paragraph latest edition differs from research introduction, prior ones. Preface -- generally describes the genesis, purpose, limitations, and finance ross, scope of the write an a research paper introduction book and may include acknowledgments of indebtedness to people who have helped the help homework quickly author complete the study. An A Introduction? Consider, is the preface helpful in understanding the study? Does it provide an effective and thorough framework for understanding what's to follow? Chronology -- also may be found as back matter, a chronology is generally included to highlight key events related to the subject of the book.

Do the help a paragraph entries contribute to the overall work? Is it detailed or very general? List of non-textual elements -- a book that contains a lot of charts, photographs, maps, graphs, etc. will often list these items after the table of contents in the order that they appear in the text. Is it useful? The following back matter may be included in a book and How to write an a paper, may be considered for evaluation when reviewing the overall quality of the book:

Afterword -- this is a short, reflective piece written by the author that takes the form of a concluding section, final commentary, or closing statement. It is worth mentioning in a review if it contributes information about the purpose of the help book, gives a call to action, or asks the reader to consider key points made in How to write research paper introduction, the book. Corporate? This is a common feature of collected works because it's an opportunity to reflect upon the contents. If this is the case, does it help in wrapping up the book? Does it leave you thinking about the significance or implications of the contributions? Appendix -- is the supplementary material in the appendix or appendices well organized? Do they relate to the contents or appear superfluous? Does it contain any essential information that would have been more appropriately integrated into the text? Index -- is the index thorough and accurate? Are elements used, such as, bold or italic fonts to help identify specific places in the book?

An index is particularly important in collected works because it brings together key terms, concepts, and How to write an a paper introduction, names from Romans help, a variety of essays that would otherwise be disconnected without a comprehensive index. Glossary of Terms -- are the definitions clearly written? Is the glossary comprehensive or are key terms missing? Are any terms or concepts mentioned in How to write an a research paper, the text not included? Footnotes/Endnotes -- examine any footnotes or endnotes as you read from chapter to help, chapter. How To Research Paper? Do they provide important additional information? Do they clarify or extend points made in the body of the text? Some collected works arrange the citations by chapter at the end of the book. Is this helpful or would it been more effective to list the references and notes after each essay?

Bibliography/References/Further Readings -- review any bibliography, list of references to answers wileyplus, sources used, and/or further readings that are included. How To Write An A Research Paper? What kinds of sources appear [e.g., primary or secondary, recent or old, scholarly or popular, etc.]? How does the help paraphrasing a paragraph editor[s] of the collected work make use of them? Be sure to How to research paper introduction, note important omissions of sources that you believe should have been utilized. State your general conclusions succinctly. Pay particular attention to any capstone chapter that summarizes the finance ross work. Collected essays often have one written by the editor. List the principal topics, and an a research introduction, briefly summarize the key themes and issues, main points, and conclusions. If appropriate and to help clarify your overall evaluation, use specific references and homework alabama, quotations to support your statements. If your thesis has been well argued, the conclusion should follow naturally.

It can include a final assessment or simply restate your thesis. Do not introduce new information in the conclusion. NOTE: The length of a review of How to write research paper, a collected work will almost always be longer than a review of a single book. Treat an How to write an apa microsoft assignment to review a collected work as a short research paper assignment in terms of the How to write an a paper time needed to read and to write a thorough synopsis. Due to the factors noted above, more effort will have to devoted to describing the content of the essays and the thematic relationships among each of them. Bazerman, Charles. Comparing and Synthesizing Sources. The Informed Writer: Using Sources in the Disciplines. Writing@CSU. Wileyplus? Colorado State University; Book Reviews.

Writing@CSU. Colorado State University; Book Reviews. The Writing Center. University of North Carolina; Writing a Book Review. The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University; Rhetorical Strategies: Comparison and How to an a research, Contrast. The Reading/Writing Center. Hunter College; Visvis, Vikki and Jerry Plotnick. Finance Problems Ross? The Comparative Essay. The Lab Report.

University College Writing Centre. Paper? University of Toronto; Writing Book Reviews. Writing Tutorial Services, Center for Innovative Teaching and Learning. Indiana University.

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To learn more about what should be in an a research introduction, included in a combination resume format, click here. If you have any specific questions not answered in this guide please feel free to post them in the comments at the bottom of the page and an apa introduction microsoft word 2007 one of our Senior Resume Experts will be glad to answer them for you! PS. Need that job? Be sure to download our Resume Checklist to ensure that you’ve written a complete, professional resume.

Click Here to Download. Our Resume Checklist. If I apply a admin. job but I only How to write an a paper introduction, have relevant experience several years ago, and now in school learning social service. How can I make my resume? Emphasize old skills and transferable skills from social service in a combination or functional resume. Good luck on the job hunt! Yes, if you have several impressive awards/honors then they can definitely be place above your professional experience. Good luck on finance problems the job hunt! We suggest using a combination format. Best of luck on How to write an a the job hunt!

We suggest that you stick with the traditional reverse-chronological format. How To! Good luck! I did a career shift recently to teaching after having a graduate degree and 10 years experience in planning and development. I have recently completed a graduate degree in How to write research paper, education and have 2 years of teaching experience in write paper microsoft word, a preschool setting and trying to now make the write an a introduction, shift to elementary age. With! Do you think I should use a combination resume? A combination resume should work for your situation. Check out our combination format writing guide for How to an a research more info: https://resumegenius.com/resume-formats/combination-resume-samples. For a chronological resume, if I completed an internship with a past employer — while simultaneously being employed by them — does the internship go above or below the primary employment experience? (E.g., I worked at HSBV from 8/2013 – 12/2015, with my internship — also at HSBV — from 1/2015 – 5/2015, so right in Buying unique, the middle of my employment with them. Should the internship be listed before, or after?) You should list you internship after your employment. Good luck!

I have what I perceive to be a unique situation (I understand everyone thinks they are different). I am an army veteran of nearly 7 years and How to write research introduction now I am studying to get my BS is Corporate finance Homeland Security. Write Research! I joined the Need help a paragraph, army at 19 in 2006 and got out in 2013. From 2013 until January of this year, I have been trying to make my own way as an entrepreneur. I was largely unsuccessful and in order to stay on top of my bills I ended up taking odd jobs during the day while working as a bouncer at various bars and clubs at night. I am currently looking for an internship as part of write an a paper introduction my degree program so i need to create a resume. I thought a functional resume would be ideal so as to help a paragraph blur the past 3 years. However, I understand from this article that students should use a chronological resume.

I need to know how firm that rule is. Also, if anyone has any specific guidance for an a research paper introduction my resume I am very willing to accept advice. Need Paraphrasing! Thanks. In your situation, we would suggest using a functional format. Research Paper Introduction! This will allow you to focus on your skills that are relevant to the internship you are applying for.

Good luck on the job hunt and thank you for your service! Okay so I am a third year college student looking for a part-time job that fits my class schedule and isn’t in the fast-food industry to help me pay rent next year. I have never had to write a resume for Romans help alabama any of my other jobs so I’m at a loss as to what to do. I am applying as an entry-level applicant but I also didn’t work during my freshman year and about half of my sophomore year. Therefore I’m not really sure how to approach this and I really need this job. Please help!

Thanks! Good luck on the job hunt! Consider adding a ‘Publications’ section to include your research and writing experience. Good luck on the job hunt. Several positions require a chronological resume be included. I am over 40, most recent position was over 5 yrs ago as a Seasonal Tax Professional with HR Block. Write Research Paper Introduction! Recently received my AA degree.

I do not include employment start – end dates on my resume for many reasons but I am not trying to Romans homework look like someone who can not or will not follow directions either. Write Research Paper Introduction! Please share your thoughts. Hi I used to be a pediatric nurse for two years till moved to this country on wileyplus 2012 and have been working at write introduction Walmart since then, recently got my RN license and want to start working as a nurse…what type would you recommend me? In your case, we suggest using a functional resume. Best of luck on Need the job hunt! Hi, I am presently working as Project Manager in construction company and before this I worked as Operations Manager in a different company. Now I want to How to research introduction apply for a job (Title : Plant Manager). I am confused which format I should choose to post for this job opportunity.

Please recommend. We suggest sticking with the traditional reverse-chronological format. Romans Homework Alabama! Best of luck! Detailing all 18 years of your experience might be overdoing it. With three pages, there is How to paper likely some redundant information that you could cut.

However, if you truly feel that all of your content is Corporate ross relevant and of interest to an a paper the employer, then stick with what you have. Best of finance problems ross luck on the job hunt! I am now trying to write an a research paper rejoin the full-time workforce after almost a 17 year absence. Prior to marriage mother hood I was a very successful Director of Public relations for a well known beauty company in NYC (1990-1996). After that I joined a small firm on Long Island as their first ever Director of ross PR and advertising (1997-1999). Then babies came. 6 years later I joined a local firm as their Director of Operations (office manager) from 2006-2009. Then my family and write an a research introduction I moved to Switzerland and just returned after 7 years.

I was a teacher of English as a Second Language. I am looking for work in almost any capacity: From Communications manager to administrative assistant. I am struggling with how to present my resume. I’ve been letting my cover letters explain the history and why I would be a good fit for any given position, but I’m sure my resume is holding me back. Any ideas. Thanks in advance! If you’re looking to get back into communications or office management, then it might be better to use a functional format. This will allow you to emphasize your skills instead of the dates of help quickly your work experience.

As far as explaining work gaps in your cover letter, check out this how-to guide: https://resumegenius.com/cover-letters-the-how-to-guide/cover-letter-red-flags-solutions. While I was in high school I did my internship at for State Farm. How To An A Research Paper Introduction! After I graduated I was offered a job there and stayed there for 2 years. I have recently worked at the National Instituted of Health for a year. I currently want to go back to finding an office job or something related and need help deciding what type of resume I should use? Based on unique the info you’ve given us, a ‘Chronological’ format would still be appropriate. Best of luck! If the the position you are applying for write introduction is also an administrative job, then stick with the Buying college, traditional Reverse-Chronological resume format. Good luck on How to write research the job hunt!

Glad you liked it! Hi there! This is great. I was just wondering, if I’ve been at the same position for 3 years (2014-present) but did a second job for 6 months in Need help, 2015 that I would like to How to research list, would I put that first (since technically 2015 is more recent than 2014)? Or would I list that after my current position, since I’m still presently in this role? Thanks! List your current position first.

Best of luck! A combination or functional resume would be suitable. Best of luck! It sounds like a functional format would be a good choice. Corporate! Good luck on the job hunt! Hi there Elizabeth, You have a bit of paper introduction flexibility with the resume format, but when in doubt go with reverse-chronological. Because you’re lacking in transferable skills, I’d recommend working on your resume objective to Corporate finance ross get your application started on the right foot. https://resumegenius.com/how-to-write-a-resume/career-objective-writing-guide. Also consider the soft skills you’ve built during your time working in a call center. Many of these could potentially be transferable. How To Write Research! https://resumegenius.com/how-to-write-a-resume/skills-section-writing-guide. Good luck with your job application!

Yes, a combination resume is perfectly suited to someone of your experience, even with the college essays unique, career change. Good luck making the shift back into How to write an a your previous field! If you are aiming for How to introduction word 2007 a new industry, you can’t go wrong with the classic “reverse-chronological” resume format. Good luck landing your fellowship! Share Resume Format Guide – Reverse-Chronological, Functional, #038; Combination Styles Our code geeks and HR experts are proud to introduce our new Free Resume Builder software to help you land more interviews in today’s competitive job market.

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What are the differences between the major online resume builders? Here's an in depth analysis of what. Resume Genius' builder, resources, advice and career tips are regularly featured on some of the world's leading online and unique offline publications including: Our code geeks and HR experts are proud to How to write an a paper introduce our new Free Resume Builder software to help you land more interviews in help, today's competitive job market. How To Write An A Research Paper! HR-proven resume templates, built-in job description bullet point phrases to choose from, and easily export to MS Word and PDF.

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English and Comparative Literary Studies. This handbook is a guide that I’m hoping will enable you. Research Paper Introduction? It is geared, in particular, towards the seventeenth-century literature and culture module but I hope you will find it useful at college, other times too. I would like to stress, though, that it is not the only way to an a research paper introduction do things. It may be that you have much better ideas about what makes for a successful essay and have tried and tested methods of executing your research. There isn’t necessarily a right way and so I hope you will not see this as proscriptive and How to write paper microsoft word limiting. You should talk to all your tutors about How to write paper introduction what makes for a good essay to get a sense of the different ways that you might construct an essay. 1. Essay writing (p.2) 2. Close reading (p. 4) 4. Get Homework Wileyplus? Constructing an How to write an a research introduction argument (p.

8) 5. Help with this particular assessment (p. Paraphrasing A Paragraph? 9) 6. Grade descriptions (p. 10) 1. ESSAY WRITING (and historicist writing in particular) Essay writing has four stages: reading, planning, writing and proof-reading. Excepting the write an a research paper last, you may not find that they are not particularly discrete but rather interlinked and college essays unique mutually informative.

If any stage is skipped or done badly, though, it will impair your work. 1) Read the text and make sure you understand it. Use the write an a research Oxford English Dictionary online to look up any words you don’t understand or if they are operating in an unfamiliar context. Available on the Warwick web: http://www.oed.com. 2) Do a close reading. Make a list technical features (cf. the page in this booklet entitled ‘close reading’; refer to the section on poetic form in the back of your Norton Anthologies pp. 2944-52).

Ask yourself: ‘how does the text achieve its effects?’ Then ask yourself: ‘how do those poetic effects relate to answers the meaning of the text?’. 3) Do some research, particularly on the historical theme, period, cultural group that you’re interested in. How To Write Introduction? You could begin with a general history and then do a literature search for more specialist books and write paper introduction word 2007 articles. It may help you to narrow your research to a particular theme or idea that is write an a introduction suggested, hopefully by your reading in Get homework wileyplus 1) and 2). Write An A Research Paper Introduction? Rather than trying to find out with homework quickly, about the whole of seventeenth-century culture, limit your research to the restoration, cavalier culture, medicine, the How to research paper family or whatever. Homework Alabama? (See the How to research introduction handout on research). 4) Be careful when you take notes so that you will make no mistake, when you come to Get homework answers writing and referencing your work, about what is your work and what is someone else’s. Read and be clear about the university’s rules on an a introduction plagiarism which are laid out in Need the blue booklet ‘Essay Writing and How to write an a paper introduction Scholarly Practice’ which you can get from the Corporate finance general office. 1) Begin by making a spider plan of all your ideas and an a research the relationships between them. Romans Homework Help? IF YOU DON'T LIKE SPIDERS FORGET THIS BIT. 2) Then write out a paragraph (which you will not include in How to write research your essay necessarily) called ‘MY LINE OF ARGUMENT’. This will be information to yourself (so it can be very boringly and functionally written) about what you intend to say.

Ideally this should be a single big idea, which you can sustain for the length of the essay, made up of stages that can be demonstrated with reference to Corporate finance the passage in question. It may well be that you want to write an a research paper write something similar to How to with homework quickly this ‘line of argument’ paragraph, only in a more dynamic and elegant way, for your introduction. See the page entitled ‘constructing an write an a research paper argument’ that has an example of a ‘line of argument’ paragraph. 3) Then write out a linear plan of your essay with a logical ARGUMENT, an argument that is assertively stated and then proved through the course of your piece. TIP: try not to separate out style, content and context; discuss them together to How to write an apa introduction microsoft word show how the relate to one another.

You are aiming to produce something that identifies and write research paper describes both the finance ross wood and How to write the trees; indeed, the trees are your evidence for write an apa microsoft word the existence of the wood! You need to How to put together a big argument out of homework help alabama lots of How to write an a research paper introduction bits of evidence. 1) Everyone has his or her own way of writing. I sometimes find it easier to write the Get homework answers wileyplus middle of the write paper introduction essay first and then come to the introduction last, which is perhaps the help paraphrasing a paragraph hardest bit to introduction write. You may find that your ideas change and are worked out more fully as you start to write. In which case go back to B) and produce another plan. Present your ideas as a finished thought, rather than a thought process. 2) Keep yourself closely to your argument by imagining your reader.

Perhaps a friend, a tutor or a parent might serve: imagine them behind you as you write asking ‘SO WHAT?’, making you insist on its relevance and trying to prove a particular point. Imagine that you are a newspaper editor writing a polemic, trying to convince your readership of a particular point of view. 3) Inventing a title and writing an Get homework wileyplus introduction. You should try to make your essay interesting to an examiner. Which do you think is the best of these three titles: ‘Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko’; ‘Discuss the question of race in Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko’; ‘The “gallant slave”: the idea of the noble savage in Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko’. Similarly with the introduction. The first sentence should grab the examiner immediately. Which is a better first sentence: ‘Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko was published in 1688 and is a prose work about Surinam’; ‘At the heart of Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko stands the write research deep paradox of the ‘royal slave’. 4) Using secondary literary criticism.

It is, of course, good to read lots and to How to incorporate that reading into your work. What you are attempting to do, though, is to position your independently arrived at ideas in relation to other critics in the field. You shouldn’t be deferential or let the ideas of others drag you off course. You should USE other people’s work in the service of your own argument. For example, you might disagree with a critic; you might apply their theory about write an a paper one text to homework alabama another; you might say that their work hasn’t gone far enough in its assessment. Never use a quotation from someone else to clinch an argument: just because someone famous has said x or y it doesn’t mean that it’s necessarily true. I sometimes find it useful to write a draft of my paper that includes no secondary reading at write research introduction, all, basing it just on my general knowledge of the critical field. I then do some detailed research in secondary criticism before writing a second draft. This means that the agenda is not dictated by other scholars, and ensures that I use them rather than becoming their spokeswoman.

Make sure, of homework help course, that all your reading is properly referenced to avoid a charge of plagiarism. 1) Check the spelling: in particular the names of the How to write introduction author and the text that you’re looking at MUST be spelled correctly. 2) Check your punctuation. If you don’t know how to use particular punctuation marks please get a book and learn how. Need Help? In particular the misuse of research paper introduction apostrophes is deeply irritating to an examiner. The Collins gem guides are really good also Lynne Truss, Eats, Shoots and Leaves is fun and help paraphrasing a paragraph informative. 3) Make sure that you get hold of the blue booklet, ‘Essay Writing and Scholarly Practice’, from the general office. You must use the reference guide in there. How To Write An A Paper Introduction? I favor the MHRA guidelines; you may prefer the MLA style. If you do reference a website it is best to put it in a footnote rather than the text were it looks ugly.

You should always include some close detailed analysis of the literary text(s) that you’re discussing in Buying college essays your essay. This demonstrates your sensitivity to the forms, textures and ideological purpose of language. Write Paper? You should aim to Get homework wileyplus show the relationship between form and research introduction meaning, between the text and its world. Before you can put together an argument about the relationship between a text and Need help its time you will need to do some close reading, compiling a list of technical features in a text or an excerpt from a text. How To Write Research Paper Introduction? Choose excerpts that relate to themes or passages that interest you.

Then you can develop a checklist of features to look for. Use this as a guide but you may want to help add to, or amend it. *** What you see will be very different from what other people see. So, although it looks like a slightly dry exercise, this is where your ideas, your originality will come from. Close reading, in any module, will make your essays sparkle. *** #61623; Prose, drama or poetry? #61623; Genre? (e.g. is write an a research introduction it panegyric, epic, restoration comedy or what ever) #61623; Does it remind you of anything? Can you compare or contrast it with something of a similar date?

Or, alternatively, compare it with something of a similar genre from the previous or next decade, for example, in order to investigate change over time. #61623; Poetry: metre, rhythm and rhyme. Look at the section on poetic form at the back of the help Norton Anthology (p. How To An A Research Paper? 2944) and other guides. Don’t just describe metre etc but ask yourself how it works in that particular passage.

How are units of meaning created by the line divisions? When a poet downplays or emphasizes a particular word through positioning it in a particular way, what effect does it have? How does the Buying college unique poet manage tone, pace and register with his use of rhyme and rhythm? iF THESE FEATURES ARE NOT IMPORTANT IN YOUR PIECE IGNORE THEM. #61623; Drama: look at an a paper introduction, the length / speed of the speeches, the stage directions, the entrances and exits. #61623; Prose: rhetorical features and clause structure are the things to look out for in particular. Are the sentences complex or simple? Is it in quickly hypotaxis or parataxis?

What about word order and write an a paper introduction syntax, is there anything unusual or unexpected there? #61623; What is the overall structure of the write an apa microsoft 2007 passage / text? Are there abrupt changes or a progression from one idea to another? #61623; What other structures are there? Symmetries, comparisons and contrasts, digressions, asides, repetition. Is there any dialogue? Are the arguments circular or progressive? #61623; Are there any words you don’t fully understand? If you aren’t in a closed exam you could look them up in How to research the Oxford English Dictionary online.

This would also give you a sense of the other meanings that that word might have. Are there any puns? #61623; Think about grammatical features: tenses, conditional constructions, the passive voice. Is the homework help passage in the first, second or third person? Perhaps there are tense or person shifts; what effect do these produce? #61623; Look out for predominance: several superlatives or comparative adjectives and adverbs; a lot of words that mean a similar thing, repetitions of possessive pronouns or what ever. #61623; What kind of language is being used? i.e. what register is it in? Is it elevated or earthy, legal or lyrical, rhetorical or religious? Why?

#61623; Look for particular rhetorical features: metaphor and simile, hyperbole and How to an a research paper introduction litotes, personification, metonymy and so on. #61623; Look at punctuation (but be careful: it could be the intervention of Corporate a printer or a later editor). Look out How to paper, for: enjambment, parentheses, direct speech? When the punctuation is sparse, why? Is it because there is a proliferation of conjunctions that resist punctuation like, for example, the with homework quickly word ‘and’.

This may indicate parataxis or a very conversational style. #61623; Look out for allusions and references, often to the bible or classical stories. If you don’t know them and you’re not in a closed exam, look them up in a reference dictionary or on the internet. #61623; What is the tone of the passage? Is it homiletic, comic, anxious, melancholy or ironic? How is this effect created? #61623; Where else does that poet use similar phrases, ideas, patterns and How to research introduction images? What does it say about his or her concerns and art? TIP: Don’t make simple associations between sense and sound. For example, whilst there are a lot of warm words that begin with ‘m’ (like, for example, milkmaid, mother, magic etc) there are also some, like ‘malice’, ‘muscular’, ‘murder’ which evoke quite different associations.

You then need to think how those technical features, which you’ve noted construct the meaning of the passage / text. Do not think about form and content as separate things as if form were a kind of cloak in which meaning is dressed: they are organically connected. Above and beyond that you will also need to think about how that text (both its form and How to help with homework quickly its meaning) relate to the particular concerns and fashions (literary, political, philosophical etc) of its time. You might think about the way in which repeated ideas in your text / excerpt link to How to write research paper introduction significant contemporary discourses. Look for substituted vocabularies: i.e. Corporate Ross? when love / sex is discussed with the How to research paper language of money / credit for example. Could that be related to prevailing economic trends and ideas? When you are constructing your ARGUMENT and writing your essay, consult your close reading list. Not everything there will be relevant to your ARGUMENT; you only want to include the things that relate, that offer evidence for Buying college essays unique a particular point of research paper introduction view about how the text is placed culturally, politically, socially and / or historically. Research is crucial for any essay and requires a certain amount of Get homework wileyplus initiative. You will partly have to learn by research paper, trial and error. Here are a few tips and Get homework wileyplus ideas, though.

Read both narrowly (and address the theme of your essay) and also widely. So if you are, for example, researching infanticide, also research the family or law / crime. When you research a context it might be worth look at the work of write an a research introduction philosophers, painters, and help with homework quickly theologians and How to write an a research introduction see what they were saying / doing in this period. An essay which looked at the early modern patriarchal family in the light of Robert Filmer’s political tract Patriarchia, for Corporate finance problems example, would be much more interesting than one that only looked at modern historians’ account of the early modern family. An essay that discussed the panegyric written to, or on a particular king, alongside the portraits that were painted of him could also be very suggestive.

EEBO might be very useful here at How to write paper, helping you to find out about, say, sermon culture or advice literature. (look at the last page of How to write an apa paper introduction 2007 this booklet for some help here). Think of some the areas, themes, historical moments, authors and ideas that you want to find out about. List them as key words. For example: Aphra Behn, Oroonoko, race, royalism, restoration, early modern, colonialism, slavery etc Do not be limited here. Think of terms / phrases that will give you some background too. How about paper ‘cheap print’, ‘renaissance politics’ etc Then begin on the computer. Be careful of stuff that you find on the ordinary WWW.

It is not usually very reliable. Often this is stuff that people can’t publish in proper books. Use it is a guide and be very critical. 1) http://www.jstor.org (through the Warwick network only). How To Write Paper Word 2007? Here you can read articles from reputable, peer-reviewed journals on line. An excellent starting point. Try various combinations of your search terms in either the Basic search (will give you hundreds of items) or in the advanced search form (which will give you much narrower and probably more useful stuff.

Try it out; go to the advanced search form: A) In the box marked ‘All of these words’ insert the How to an a research paper introduction word ‘Behn’. Then tick the box marked ‘title’ and then also the Buying box marked ‘article’. Press the ‘Search’ button. See if you can identify any articles with a particularly historicist bent. B) In the box marked ‘All of these words’ insert the words ‘White’ and How to write an a research introduction ‘Black’ and ‘England’. In the box marked ‘exact phrase’ enter ‘Seventeenth-century’. Press search and see what you get out. Try other, similar search terms.

C) In the box marked ‘All of Romans homework alabama these words’ insert the word ‘Royalist’. In the box marked ‘at least one of these words’ enter the words ‘print culture’. Perhaps limit to articles by checking the relevant tick box. Press search and How to write an a paper see if any of those are useful. [you will see that sometimes you have to do some considerable sifting to find good things.] 2) The Modern Language Association of America database direct access from the Warwick network at: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/library/electronicresources/databases/#m. The bibliographic databases are listed alphabetically so scroll down to ‘M’. Select ‘MLA’. This will give you the reference only (although Warwick may provide a link to the on-line journal). You may find that some of the things that are listed you won’t be able to get because Warwick doesn’t subscribe to that journal or perhaps the item is a doctoral dissertation from another institution. Don’t worry, you’re not expected to finance ross read everything under the sun. Leave those things that you can’t get.

Try it out: put in the search terms ‘Aphra’, ‘Behn’ and How to research ‘race’ into the keywords box. Press search and see what you get. 3) Historical abstracts: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/library/subjects/arts/elecresources/#databases_internet. Again, use this database to help you compile a list of articles or books that you could look at either on-line, if Warwick has a link, or in homework alabama the library. Ignore the things that you can’t get hold of. A) Put the search terms ‘restoration’, ‘race’ and write paper introduction ‘England’ into the keywords box. Press search.

B) Put the search terms ‘early modern’ and Buying unique ‘print culture’ into the keywords box. Press search. Again you will have to decide what’s useful / relevant. 4) Use the library catalogue, don’t limit yourself to an a research paper introduction books about English. Put in search terms that will give you books on the historical background that you’re looking for. Buying Essays? Once you have found one book on the shelf look around in that same area for write introduction others that will be related by subject. 5) Look on your reading list for general background books.

CONSTRUCTING AN ARGUMENT. Producing a successful argument is a process that has a number of stages. Wileyplus? Often you will understand your argument better after you have started writing. It is important that you go back and re-plan your work, taking into account your new findings. You will need to paper introduction develop a provisional thesis, however, so that you have somewhere to How to help homework start: a focus for your close reading and research. You don’t need to argue that history is important for the study of literature. You can take that as a given and move on to say something a bit more sophisticated about How to an a how the finance problems particular poem / play or prose piece you’re working on intersects with a particular set of events or ideas in a specific historical moment. A good argument should be fairly specific rather than general and comprehensive.

In particular, when writing a historicist essay, do not list the ways in which one text is embedded in its period. Instead choose one of those ways and research it in more depth. So, rather than writing about, say, Ben Jonson’s interest in Anabaptists, Spanishness, alchemy, the plague, etc in write an a introduction The Alchemist, choose one of these themes and find out paper introduction word, about it in the historiography of the seventeenth century and couple this research with a close reading of those sections of the play that treat that theme. Your readings of the text and the history of the times should suggest your detailed argument. Don’t think of your argument first and then try to press it onto the play or poem you’re interested in; allow your idea to grow out of an a research paper your reading. Below is with quickly my best attempt at a LINE OF ARGUMENT for an essay on Rochester and write Milton. Again, I should stress that this is only by way of demonstration what I would do. This is very different from college unique what you would do. There is no one way and your ideas will be as interesting / valid as mine. Write An A Research Paper? Don’t think that you have to produce something the same, or even necessarily similar I have done this just to give you an example of what I mean. I have tried to construct an essays argument which uses both close reading and historical context.

Imagining the future in the restoration: a critical comparison of the poetry of John Wilmot, Earl of How to an a research paper Rochester and John Milton. Line of Argument: This essay will argue that Rochester’s poetry is not only everywhere fascinated by time, regularly exploring what it is and how it operates, but that this interest betrays his sophisticated engagement with contemporary political philosophy. It will closely interrogate the forms of How to help with several of Rochester’s time-related poems for their political sensibilities. It will then contrast those poetic forms and political sensibilities with those in the poetry of John Milton and especially Paradise Regained. Milton as I shall show with the use of historical evidence is very differently socially and politically placed, indeed at paper, the other end of the ideological spectrum from the Earl of Rochester. I shall show that the difference is one of dispossession (Rochester) and providence (Milton).

Rochester’s narrators exist in fear of, and homework help alabama subject to an arbitrary and How to write an a paper absolute future; Milton’s Paradise Regained, on the other hand, asks an imagined republican reader to wait in answers wileyplus anticipation of a future in which God will deliver their political success. I shall explore the way in write an a research introduction which Rochester’s pessimism the idea and tone of dispossession in his poetry and Milton’s optimism the How to write an apa introduction word 2007 visionary quality of How to write an a paper his providential allegory stand in contrast to the respective fortunes of the political groups to which those poets actually belonged and at Need a paragraph, the particular times when the poems I’m discussing here were written and published: i.e. Rochester’s being part of the royal court and Milton’s being displaced from his office at the restoration of Charles II. This will arrive at, by way of conclusion, the demonstrable sadness of some of Rochester’s verse which indicates the complex circumspection with which he viewed his own aristocratic, political community and its limited expectations of monarchical authority. HELP FOR THIS PARTICULAR ASSESSMENT. Details of what you are expected to How to introduction do are on the departmental website at: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/english/undergrad/modules/second/en228/assessedessay2/ There you will find a list of Buying texts and details of how to find them on EEBO (Early English Books Online). Their website is How to write research paper introduction at: http://eebo.chadwyck.com/home. You need to download those texts, read them and then choose one to write about. You could also read the essays, published on the EEBO website, by previous Warwick students that have won prizes for Get homework their attempts at this assignment. http://www.lib.umich.edu/tcp/eebo/edu/edu_win_03.html. You might also use EEBO in your essay research.

Try the subject list in particular. If you get yourself to the search form at http://eebo.chadwyck.com/search you can click on the link marked ‘select from a list’ next to the subject keyword box. Write Research Paper? This has all sorts of help interesting categories: look up, for write an a research paper example, ‘anti-catholicism’ or ‘restoration’, ‘credit’ or ‘murder’. I would like you to do what you can in terms of Buying essays placing the text of your choice, and researching it. Then I’d like you to come and see me at the end of term with a title and How to write introduction a line of argument. You could also, if you wish, bring a longer essay plan.

This is Isabel talking to her group. We will all be available on email over the holidays--do ask. Gabriel won't be here after the holidays--he lives in London--but do come and see me, his group, if you need a person to answers talk to. USING THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY. The OED can be found online (through the Warwick network) at http://www.oed.com. When we read an edited text we often have a helpful gloss which an editor has provided so that words and phrases that we don’t understand are defined for us. In this assignment you will have to put together that gloss for yourself and an a research paper the best way to start to do that is with the OED. The OED is an extraordinary resource that will give you assistance in all sorts of ways. For example: a) it will obviously help you to understand words which you don’t understand or unusual applications.

It will also help you to find obsolete and Buying college essays unique dialect words. b) it will help you to see how words have changed their meanings or emphases over time. c) it will help you to paper introduction identify puns. There may be sexual or religious connotations to a particular word that we may have lost. Some times our modern definitions will co-exist with old, and Get homework wileyplus now obsolete meanings. d) it will tell you the earliest use of How to research a particular word. This is useful for working out which of several definitions might apply to the word you’re looking at. Look at the examples, that is the quotations that are given, and note their dates. How To Introduction Word 2007? It may be that you find that the word was new or recently borrowed from How to write an a research paper another language.

Click the ‘date chart’ button to see the uses represented on a time line. It may be that you will find that a word is answers used differently and in write an a research different contexts at different points of the essays seventeenth century: what might the use of a particular word / phrase tell us about an author’s engagement with political, historical or sociological movements? e) Look at the etymology: this might tell you about how the text you’re looking at engages with particular fashions or imperial encounters. Look up, for write an a research paper example, ‘chocolate’ where does the word come from? At what period does it come into a paragraph the language? f) the How to an a research examples given in paraphrasing the dictionary will also help you to see how other contemporaries used the word or phrase you’re interested in, and in an a paper introduction what sort of contexts it came up. In this way it can operate as a concordance. You should investigate the concordances available in the library, by the way. Similarly they will give you a sense of how a particular word or phrase is used elsewhere. You should use the OED not just to look up words that you don’t understand but also other words, especially those that are used in an unfamiliar way. You will find more interesting things if you look up lexical, rather than grammatical words.

That means verbs, adjectives, adverbs and nouns rather than prepositions, articles and pronouns. You need to remember that there was no standard spelling in the early modern period; the move to standardize spelling did not occur until the middle of the eighteenth century. Buying Essays Unique? This means that when you have a word you don’t understand it you may not get an adequate definition by an a research, putting it in exactly as it is into Romans the OED search box. Write? Try that first but if it isn’t found, or you get a definition that is not right (i.e. the examples indicate that its earliest use was a lot later than your text) you should try different spellings. In particular the vowels are often interchangeable. Try every vowel combination that you can think of. Try substituting ts and cs, us and vs and other related consonants. Try out the OED. Homework? Look up the following words: how have their meanings have changed? Where do the words come from? How were the words used at different points in How to write an a research history?

And in paraphrasing a paragraph the seventeenth century in particular? Department of English and Comparative Literary Studies, Humanities Building, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL.