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The tolerance quoted by the meter manufacturer allows us to calculate the accuracy of any reading taken . with that particular meter. For example, assume that the dc voltage scale on a particular multimeter is rated at ± 3% of full scale. This means that a reading on the 10V scale is accurate to (± 0.03%)(10) = ± 0.3V. Thus, a reading of 9V on the10V scale indicates a true voltage, which lies between 8.7 and Business week leadership articles, 9.3 V. Report Meaning? A reading of 1V on the scale. Ammeter , Electrical measurements , Electrical resistance 958 Words | 5 Pages.

on the instruments meter. Analog multimeters can sometimes be difficult to read because they display data as a needle moving along a scale . 4.Digital meter : A digital multimeter is a tool that can measure amps, volts, and Group assignment, ohms. It is different from an analog meter, which has a needle and a gauge, in that it has a digital light-emitting diode (LED) display. Write Report Meaning? Digital multimeters are typically more accurate than their old analog counterparts. Adigital multimeter can also have other functions; obviously. Ammeter , Calibration , Electronic test equipment 1511 Words | 7 Pages. sources of these electrolytes which is why orange juice may have more electrolytes than sport drinks. Group To Do Jira? A multimeter is a device that measures . electrical properties such as AC or DC voltage, current, and resistance.

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These laws, however, cannot be proven or tested without . the thesis meaning, aid of a multimeter . Dissertation Ghana? A multimeter is an thesis, instrument designed to measure electric current, voltage, and usually resistance, typically over several ranges of value. Ghana Kokoo? The multimeter has different programs to measure voltage, current, resistance, etc. Write Report Meaning? produced from one of two types of essay, circuits. The first type of circuit is a series circuit. A series. Electric current , Electrical resistance , Kirchhoff's circuit laws 859 Words | 3 Pages. for this lab are described below. 1) Multimeter Use the Multimeter to measure AC or DC voltage or current, and resistance or . Write Thesis Report Meaning? decibel loss between two nodes in a circuit. To use the Multimeter click on week essay leadership, the Multimeter button in the Instruments toolbar and report, click to place its icon on Group, the workspace. Double-click on the icon to open the instrument face, which is meaning, used to How to a lab report introduction with abstract, enter settings and view measurements.

Figure 11: Multimeter To measure Voltage place multimeter in Write thesis meaning, Parallel with the Essay urbanization, component (Resistor. Ammeter , Circuit diagram , Direct current 904 Words | 4 Pages. Digital or Analog Multimeter to measure Voltage or Current of Write thesis report meaning, produced electricity. Alligator clips/ Leads Procedure: We insert copper . and zinc electrodes in to the potato, close but not touching each other. We use Clip leads to connect our electrodes to the Multimeter to measure voltage between two electrodes or current passing through the multimeter . For this experiment we removed the shell of Dissertation ghana kuapa kokoo, a broken AA battery for Write thesis report meaning our Zinc electrode. On Homework And Disadvantages? (Make sure to test your multimeter by connecting it's. Anode , Battery , Chemistry 500 Words | 3 Pages. Purpose To lessen the consume of electric charge b. Procedure We insert copper and zinc electrodes in to the potato, close but not touching each other. We . use Clip leads to connect our electrodes to the Multimeter to measure voltage between two electrodes or current passing through the multimeter . For this experiment we used a galvanized nail for our Zinc electrode. c. Write Thesis Report? Result It did go well and the potato did give voltage to the equipment (clock) However, the energy needed depends on the potato. Anode , Battery , Chemistry 801 Words | 7 Pages.

We insert copper and Dissertation ghana, zinc electrodes in to the potato, close but not touching each other. We use Clip leads to connect our electrodes to the . Multimeter to report, measure voltage between two electrodes or current passing through the multimeter . For this experiment we removed the shell of How to a lab with abstract, a broken AA battery for meaning our Zinc electrode. (Make sure to test your multimeter by connecting its Positive and Negative wires to each other that should show no current and no voltage). c. How To Write A Lab With Abstract? Result d. Write Thesis Meaning? Conclusions . Anode , Battery , Cathode 610 Words | 3 Pages. Questions on Controlled Assessment. going to make How you will make the investigation a fair test A risk assessment The equipment I plan to Law dissertation uk, use includes a Multimeter , a Light . Dependent Resistor, A clamp, A lamp bulb, Some wires, A standard ruler, and some Crocodile Clips. The control variables are the ones that do not change. The control variables include the Write meaning, bulb used in the lamp, the ruler, and the same Multimeter will be used throughout the testing. Advantages And Disadvantages Urbanization? The independent variables are the ones that you change to measure a change in the. Electrical resistance , Incandescent light bulb , Measurement 832 Words | 3 Pages.

resistance in an electrical circuit using a multimeter . Materials: Wire Light Emitting Diodes (red, green, blue) Alligator Chips . Thesis Meaning? Resistors Multimeter 9-volt battery Procedures: 1. With the components provided in the lab kit, “build” the DC series circuit. 2. Using the Group assignment jira, resistors provided, that limits the current to less than 20 ma, use the multimeter to measure the voltage drops across each component in the circuit. Write Report Meaning? 3. When using the multimeter to measure, start with the highest scale. Electric current , Electrical impedance , Electrical resistance 568 Words | 3 Pages. simple low voltage light bulb for a very short time. Materials : Items needed Quantity Lemon 1 Orange 1 Onion 1 . Tomato 1 Potato 1 Paper 1 Pencil 1 Clock 1 Copper metal 2 Zinc metal 2 Cables Multimeter 1 Light Blub 1 Procedure: 1. Gather all things needed for experiment. 2. With the help of the adult, remove plastic coatings at the end of all wires with scissors. 3. Gently roll each fruit on to do assignment jira, a table to soften it. Citrus , Electricity , Fruit 586 Words | 3 Pages. EXPERIMENT NO.

1 AIM: - Study of power supply, Function generator and multimeter . Write Report Meaning? DESCRIPTION: - Power supply: - A power supply is a . vital part of all electronic systems. It consists of transformer whose output is documented, then applied to the bridge rectifier which converts sinusoidal input into full wave rectified output. The filter capacitors at the output of bridge rectifier are charged to peak voltage values of the thesis meaning, rectified output voltage, whenever the diodes are forward biased. Essay On Homework Advantages Urbanization? since the diodes. Alternating current , Diode , Direct current 898 Words | 6 Pages. changed (quantitatively)? The independent variable, being the current (amps) will be changed using a variable resistor (the trigger). But to make the thesis report, . Uk? investigation quantitative, the Write report, current will be measured from the contact points on the track with a multimeter . Writing Essays? 5. What is the Write meaning, dependent variable? The dependent variable is the time it takes for a slot car to How to write report introduction, complete a lap of the thesis report, track.

6. How will the dependent variable be measured? The time taken will be measured with a stopwatch. Hypothesis. 2008 in film , Amplifier , Electrical resistance 1429 Words | 5 Pages. capacity or specific heat capacity. Business Week Essay Articles? The purpose of this experiment is to find the heat capacity of water, orange juice, and olive oil.

A couple of very . specific equipment is needed in order to complete this experiment, such as: a calorimeter, a multimeter , a 6V battery and alligator clips. One interesting fact that I learned from Write meaning, doing this experiment is that water absorbs a lot of heat without greatly changing its temperature. This is important because our bodies as well as the animals are filled. Energy , Fundamental physics concepts , Gas 906 Words | 3 Pages. Potato as an alternative source of energy. Digital or Analog Multimeter to measure Voltage or Current of produced electricity. Alligator clips/ Leads Procedure: We insert copper and . zinc electrodes in to the potato, close but not touching each other. We use Clip leads to Writing essays strategies, connect our electrodes to Write report meaning, the Multimeter to measure voltage between two electrodes or current passing through the multimeter . For this experiment we removed the Business essay leadership, shell of a broken AA battery for our Zinc electrode. (Make sure to test your multimeter by thesis, connecting its.

Battery , Electrochemical cell , Electrochemistry 1129 Words | 4 Pages. CFL bulb is repairable, carefully disassemble the bulb and the ballast and test to see if it completes a circuit using a voltmeter or a wire-battery-led . setup. Writing Documented? There are two pairs of wires coming out of the thesis report, head of the bulb. Check each pair with a multimeter for continuity. If the continuity is ok for both pairs, then the bulb is not burnt. The problem is with the balast electronics and it can be repaired. If the continuity test fails in either side or both, then the write a lab report introduction with abstract, bulb is burnt but it can still. Compact fluorescent lamp , Diode , Fluorescent lamp 859 Words | 3 Pages. is an Write report, example of this type of process.

In this experiment copper will be plated on to an electrode using a battery as the external source of energy. The . Essays Strategies? reaction will be timed, and the current passing through the cell will be measured using a multimeter or an ammeter. From the data collected, it will be possible to predict the Write thesis meaning, mass of essay articles, copper that should be deposited on one of the electrodes. This value will be compared with the value obtained from the experimental trial. The purpose of this. Anode , Battery , Cathode 792 Words | 4 Pages. Introduction to Electrical Engineering: Lab 1.

3010 by R.S.R Electronics True RMS Digital Multimeter Ammeter 1000 ? resistor NTC-102 Thermistor Photoresistor Potentiometer . Audiospeaker 2 1m pieces of magnet wire IV. Procedure A. Measuring DC Voltage With the thesis meaning, multimeter set to measure DC voltage, red and black test wires were attached to the V ? Hz jack and Group jira, the COM jack on Write, the front of the multimeter and then to the jacks for documented strategies +5 V and COM on the DC power supply. The range on the multimeter was set to 20, and the power supply was turned. Direct current , Electric current , Electrical impedance 1539 Words | 6 Pages. Solar Cell Practical Report 2011 Aim: To find the amount of power generated from a solar cell with a light bulb by . using a multimeter . Hypothesis: The further you move the Write, solar cell away from the light bulb the less power will be produced. Backup statement: I can support my hypothesis through my own given knowledge on power and electricity. I can comprehend the uk, facts that, if the Light Bulb was generating a large amount of heat and light, the solar panel. Energy , Fluorescent lamp , Incandescent light bulb 1092 Words | 4 Pages. voltage drop across the diode was almost the same each time. This lab showed the effects of current and voltage in a parallel circuit. Write Meaning? This experiment also . showed how the brightness was effected by changing the voltage.

Equipment and materials: • Multimeter • Power Supply • Connecting wires • A bread board • A 330 ohm resistor • A l k ohm resistor • 2 Red LED's Theory: A light-emitting diode (LED), is an electronic light source. The first LED was built in the 1925 by Oleg Vladimirovich Losev. Electric current , Electrical impedance , Electrical resistance 1523 Words | 6 Pages. their values are consistent with that of the calculated value. EQUIPMENT: D.C. Power Supply (5V fixed)- To provide the voltage difference for the . circuit necessary for the flow of introduction, electrons. Bread Board- Used as a circuit board. Digital Multimeter - Used to report meaning, measure the essay articles, voltage, current and resistance in the circuit. R1- 15K? Carbon Resistor- Used to oppose current flow. R2- 24K? Carbon Resistor- Used to oppose current flow.

R3- 100 ? Carbn Resistor- Used to oppose current flow. . Alternating current , Electric current , Electrical resistance 1052 Words | 5 Pages. was used to view and report, record the essay leadership articles, waves produced from the AC currents and then make relevant calculations based on thesis meaning, that. (iii) The DC power supply was used in . the uk, first two procedures which involved using the thesis report meaning, resistors. (iv) Familiarised with the Business essay articles, multimeter and used it to take measurements (v) the experiment board which was used to do create most of the circuits and take the necessary measurements. Procedure 1: The measurement of resistance. The resistances of the 5k? and 22k? resistors were. Alternating current , Direct current , Electrical impedance 991 Words | 4 Pages. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this experiment are to investigate and thesis report, verify the ghana kokoo, Thevenin’s theorem and to Write thesis meaning, investigate and How to abstract, verify the Norton’s theorem. Thesis Report? . EQUIPMENT Resistor 100?, 1k? and 4.7k?, digital multimeter (DVM), bread board. INTRODUCTION Some circuits require more than one voltage source. Superposition theorem is a way to determine currents and voltages in a linear circuit that has multiple sources by taking one source at Law dissertation, a time. the current in any given branch of a multiple-source linear. Current source , Electric current , Electrical impedance 924 Words | 4 Pages.

circuit, draw one out. No circuit is “too simple” to need a schematic. If the circuit is simple, the schematic should be easy to draw. Verify each . connection on the circuit using the multimeter . Some multimeters have a continuity checker which will ring when a low-resistance connection is made. Even if your multimeter doesn’t have this feature, set it for the lowest resistance setting. Report Meaning? If you read 0 (or very low number of ohms) between the test leads, they are wired together. Use a highlighter.

Check , Chess , Input 859 Words | 3 Pages. to use the variables in an electrical current. Knowing how the week essay, variables are used in calculations and electrical currents is important in determining the . value of the resistor and how it affects the current in the circuit. Meaning? A device known as the multimeter is write a lab report introduction, used to find the voltage and current in the circuit. Ohm's principal discovery was that the thesis report, amount of electric current through a metal conductor in a circuit is directly proportional to Essay advantages and disadvantages urbanization, the voltage impressed across it, for any given temperature.

Drift velocity , Electric current , Electrical impedance 1342 Words | 5 Pages. 0.1 mol - 0.3 mol - 0.5 mol - 1 mol - 2 mol • 1 mol of KNO3 Solution • Zn strip 5x • Cu strip 5x • Thermometer • Multimeter . Thesis Meaning? DIAGRAM METHOD 1. Measure the room temperature by using a thermometer. All experiments are carried out at the same room temperature. 2. Measure the temperature of ZnSo4 and CuSo4 solution by using a multimeter at room temperature. Dissertation Day Chocolate? Keep the temperature of the solutions constant. Thesis Meaning? 3. Use a beaker to measure 100mL of 0.1 Mol ZnSo4 Solution. Anode , Battery , Electrochemical cell 466 Words | 3 Pages. Effect of Temperature on the Conductivity and Resistance of a Copper Wire. ? 3- 1.5 volt batteries with casing ? 3- jumper wires with crocodile clips ? Multimeter ? Scissors ? Infrared Thermometer ? 1 roll of . On Homework Advantages? insulation tape Procedure 1. Wind the wire around the Write, PVC pipe. Fix the ends of the wires to the insulation tape. Documented Essays? Remove about 3 cm. of insulation from the wire using the tips of the Write thesis meaning, paper knife.

Measure the resistance of the wire using the ohm setting on the multimeter . 2. Connect the batteries in series using the jumper wires to produce 4.5. Ammeter , Ampere , Copper 427 Words | 3 Pages. normally measuring then connect the commercial multimeter to input as well. We will be matching the voltage of PIC voltmeter with the . commercial multimeter . Law Dissertation? Use UP amp; DOWN buttons to Write thesis report, match the voltage on both devices. Law Dissertation? Once the voltage is matched press the SETUP button to start calibrating current readings. You can lower the voltage now and connect a load from 500mA to axpoximately 2A in series with commercial multimeter to Output of PIC multimeter . Again, we will be matching the Write thesis meaning, current redings. Ammeter , Electric current , Metrology 1285 Words | 5 Pages. resistors -12v power pack - Multimeter -2 alligator clips -Small lengths of to do jira, thin copper wire -Circuit test (bread) board Method: 1.The . circuit shown in Diagram 1 (see Results) was set up using the appropriate electrical components. 2.The 12v power supply was turned on and set to 6v.

3.The amperage, voltage and resistance of the thesis meaning, three resistor combinations (see results) within the circuit were found, as well as the leadership articles, total amounts for the whole circuit by using the multimeter . 4.The voltage and amperage. Electric current , Electrical impedance , Electrical resistance 1193 Words | 7 Pages. The Most Common Laboratory Apparatus and Their Uses. heating a small amount of report meaning, a solid substance at a very high temperature. Tripod = It is a three-legged stand that supports the wire gauze while heating. . On Homework? Microscope = It is used for thesis report viewing the ultra minute objects by the process of magnification. Multimeter = It is used for measuring the current, voltage and resistance. Here are a few examples: 1. Uk? beaker = a liquid measuring container 2. burette = measures volume of solution 3. Write Meaning? clay triangle = a wire frame with porcelain used to support a crucible . Bunsen burner , Chemical reaction , Chemistry 1159 Words | 4 Pages.

potato Materials: ? fresh potatoes ? Direct Coupled Amplifier DC Voltmeter in a Digital Multimeter ? Copper Coins and Zinc-Galvanized Nails . Law Dissertation Uk? Procedure: 1. Write Thesis? Set the multimeter to the “2V” (direct current) range. Turn it on. 2. To measure its voltage, insert the ghana kuapa kokoo day chocolate, black and red probe to the potato. To increase the thesis report, voltage, inject a coin and a zinc-galvanized nail to the said fruit, and connect it to Writing documented strategies, the multimeter using the alligator clips, have the black probe to the zinc-galvanized nail while the red. Coin , Compact fluorescent lamp , Copper 797 Words | 4 Pages. must consider the voltage and current requirements of thesis report, that device. . Voltage measurements: Set the Multimeter so that it is measuring DCV . (Direct Current Voltages). The 200m setting will give voltage readings up to advantages urbanization, 2.000 volts. If the readings are too high or too low, just change the dial to an appropriate setting. Since it may be hard to maintain a solid contact with the pointed Multimeter probes, it might be better if you use a pair of alligator clip leads and attach one side to the end of. Alternating current , Battery , Direct current 850 Words | 3 Pages.

straight cable is used to connect two dissimilar devices e.g computer and switch. Exercise 4.1.9 S1 and S2 will require a crossover cable. Exercise . Write Thesis? 4.1.10 A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a VOM (Volt-Ohm meter), is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit. A typical multimeter would include basic features such as the ability to measure voltage, current, and to do assignment, resistance. Tone generator=A tone generator, also known as a signal generator. Cable , Category 5 cable , Coaxial cable 607 Words | 3 Pages. supply 2. Digital multimeter 3. Oscilloscope 4. Breadboard and component kit PART 1- VOLTAGE AND CURRENT RELATIONSHIPS Where R1=560 ?, . R2=330 ?, R3=470 ? and Write meaning, E=18 V PROCEDURE:- 1. Construct the uk, circuit as shown in figure #6 on your breadboard that is Write thesis report, connect resistor R1 in series with two resistor R2 and R3 which are connected in parallel. 2. Adjust the Dissertation day chocolate, supply voltage to 18V in D.C Power supply. Write Meaning? 3. Measure the values of IT, I1, I2 and I3 with the help of Digital multimeter and note down the. Electric current , Electrical impedance , Electrical resistance 742 Words | 8 Pages. JOULE’S LAW Introduction and Essay on homework advantages and disadvantages, research question In this experiment, we were going to investigate the resistance R of an immersion heater.

We had to make . our own heater, and measure the resistance using a multimeter . Then we had to measure the Write thesis report meaning, current I, using an ammeter and a voltmeter. And at last, we had to determine the power P of the Writing essays, immersion heater. Write Thesis Report? This experiment would require to make a table with the data collection, a graph, and a few calculations using Joule’s and Ohms law. Our research. Alternating current , Electric current , Fundamental physics concepts 647 Words | 3 Pages. voltage and current in series and parallel circuit. and the write report introduction abstract, voltages being used at Write thesis, different loads add up to total voltage of the battery. Procedure: 1. Two loads were attached together by a copper wire . and to Essay on homework advantages and disadvantages, two batteries to create a series circuit, as seen in figure 1. 2. The multimeter was attached to the two batteries with the black wire to the negative end of the Write thesis, battery, and the red wire to the positive end. Law Dissertation? This device was used to measure voltage and Write thesis meaning, current in the series circuit. 3. Steps 1-2 were repeated using 3 loads.

Electrical resistance , Error , Measurement 851 Words | 3 Pages. analysis of our topic. Question How can water be used to uk, generate energy and thesis, how does this vary with temperature? Variables Independent . Variables Dependent Variables Constants • Temperature of the water • Amount of energy created • Multimeter • Thermocouple • Banana plugs Hypothesis If the Business essay leadership, amount of water changes in higher temperature, then it will cause the conductive material to generate more electricity because the hotter the temperature of the water, then the greater. Energy , Heat , Temperature 1203 Words | 5 Pages.

insulation which encloses all the inner layers. This is called a jacket and is usually made from PVC. 4.1.7 Exercise: Cheaper and Easier to install and . Write? actually works. Essay Urbanization? 4.1.8 Exercise: Crossover and Straight 4.1.9 Exercise: Yes 4.1.10 Exercise: Multimeter - Wal-Mart- Cost: $36.89 Tone Generator – Lowes – Cost: $39.05 Pair scanner – Ebay – Cost: $149.00 Time domain Reflectormerter (TDR) - Amazon – Cost:$284.40 4.2.1 Exercise: SMF requires one fiber for transmission and one for receiving, because. Cable , Category 5 cable , Copper 325 Words | 6 Pages. Remove all hyperlinks and edit properly. Note your references in the appropriate section of this lab report. Materials and Equipment * 7400 Quad . 2-input NAND gate * 7402 Quad 2-input NOR gate * … * Logic Trainer * Digital Multimeter Procedures, Data and Results 1. These are usually provided. Pictures (of the experimental set-up, and NOT the members), data, tables and results are presented here. Table No.1: Description | | | | | | | | | | | | . 4000 series , Experiment , Hypothesis 271 Words | 3 Pages. Digital or Analog Multimeter to measure Voltage or Current of produced electricity.

Alligator clips/ Leads Procedure: We insert copper and . zinc electrodes in to Write, the potato, close but not touching each other. We use Clip leads to connect our electrodes to the b Multimeter to measure voltage between two electrodes or current passing through the multimeter . For this experiment we removed the write report introduction with abstract, shell of a broken AA battery for our Zinc electrode. (Make sure to test your multimeter by connecting. Anode , Battery , Copper 430 Words | 2 Pages. eventually level off as well before reaching zero. Apparatus amp; Procedure: This experiment required the use of a 1.5 V D-size battery, a battery . holder, a digital multimeter , a 220?F capacitor, a 100 K? resistor, a DPDT switch, connecting wires, alligator clips, and a stopwatch. Write Report? After the apparatus was set up and the multimeter was connected to Dissertation ghana day chocolate, the capacitor, the first procedure required the capacitor to be charged via throwing the switch towards the Write meaning, battery and assignment, simultaneously starting the timer. Battery , Capacitor , Electric charge 729 Words | 3 Pages. it is Write thesis report, stable. Select the bulb with the lowest power rating and connect it to the holder as shown in the figure.

Connect the LDR, battery(6V) and the . Uk? multimeter in series. Set the multimeter to thesis meaning, ohm section and select suitable range and measure the resistance with a bulb on. Similarly switch to current section and move to documented strategies, micro ampere in the multimeter . This gives the value of the current. Repeat these steps with different power sources at different distances and thesis report meaning, note down observations. 9 OBSERVATIONS . Cadmium sulfide , Electric current , Electrical resistance 1171 Words | 6 Pages.

richfaces resume 23 February 2011. This is a tutorial for a simple JavaServerFaces Facelets project and is an Write thesis meaning extension of the research I did in Facelets Using RichFaces and RichFaces for JSF Use . I assume you've read those articles and know something about JSF already. I also suggest you peruse either the first few chapters of a book on JSF or, at Law dissertation uk, least, the summary I made in the collection of extensive notes I took in Write A short treatise on essays JavaServer Faces (JSF): (random notes) , beginning with the section entitled, Categorization and thesis report culminating with the kokoo short section entitled, On JSP and JSF. Do this only if you think you don't know anything about Write report meaning, JSF. In the end, a book written by a real author is to do best, right?

You must have a working Eclipse IDE installed and set up along with a good Sun JDK and Apache Tomcat. If you don't have these, I suggest perusing Setting up Eclipsea Summary to help with this. The elements of Write thesis, a JSF and/or Facelet. It's useful to understand the write extent of what components are crucial to a web application that uses JSF or Facelets regardless of whether Eclipse, NetBeans or no IDE is being used. Write Thesis! Paradigmatically, and with concrete examples in this tutorial and project, these are: 1. Urbanization! Use File - New to Write thesis invoke the new Dynamic Web Project wizard. You may name this project anything you like, but you will need to remain consistent. Documented! For the Configuration , choose JavaServer Faces v1.2 Project . This nomenclature appears to be awkward since we're going to create a JSF 2.0 application, but it's the Write thesis only choice Eclipse gives us in Helios. (Indigo is about to come out; we'll see if WTP changes anything in that release.) 2. Click New until you reach JSF Capabilities where you'll check the Group assignment jira following if they exist. Don't sweat it if one or more of these is missing.

It's only because this is the first JSF and/or Facelets project you've done. We'll create these libraries in report the next step. 3. Once the project has been created, right-click its name and Law dissertation uk choose Build Path - Configure Build Path , then click the Libraries tab. You can click and remove EAR Libraries and Web App Libraries as we won't be using them. (But, leaving them in won't hurt anything either.) At this point, you probably don't have any of the libraries listed in the previous step. Please go to Appendix: Setting up User Libraries now to set them up.

When done, you should see what's below although you may have chosen to Write thesis report name your libraries differentlythis is alright as long as the uk JARs inside are correct. As noted, the Write thesis meaning JARs were discussed completely in Facelets Using RichFaces: The definitive JAR list . You'll find the definitive list and also links to download areas there. We'll need a backing bean for our JSF work; this will be written in Java. First, right-click on the Java source code folder under your project in the Project Explorer view: Java Resources: src . Essay Advantages! Click New and create the Write report Java package we'll use, jsf.facelets.simple . Create the backing bean. We're going to implement the kuapa kokoo very old Guess a number application. For this, we'll need a Java file under the new package. We'll call it UserNumberBean.java . Create this by right-clicking on the new package and report meaning choosing New - Class . We're going to write abstract use the latest annotations ( ManagedBean and thesis report meaning SessionScoped ). We'll explain what this means later.

In the meantime, be sure to include the annotations. Law Dissertation Uk! Also, in order to thesis meaning do this, obviously, you'll have to have your Java compiler compliance level set at strategies, least to 1.5 in Eclipse. Most web applications have some resources. In our case, this is only an image, but it could also be various property files or bundles that we'd use for localization. Write Thesis! Under WebContent , you must create the new path (two new folders) resources/images . Here is the image you'll need to copy and drop on this path. Right-click here and Group to do assignment save this image to your project.

Duke is the host of our guess-a-number game. When you've set this up, you'll see the following in your project. You've already got a compiling bean and this image as a resource. Next, we'll set up web.xml . Open this file which is on the path JsfFacelets-simple/WebContent/WEB-INF/web.xml . Eclipse already does a good job of this and when you're doing your own applications after this, you can leave it, add to it, delete from Write thesis report meaning it, etc., but here we're going to set this up for ourselves. Essays! Click here to see this file, then use your browser to view the resulting XML page's source and Write copy the contents of this file. Writing Essays! Paste them into web.xml in place of what's there.

Note: to copy the contents once you're viewing the XML in the browser, simple right-click in the content region of your browser and choose either View Page Source (Firefox) or View Source (Internet Explorer). Because we used annotations in our backing bean source code, we haven't had to add anything to this file which specifies Faces configuration. If we were doing this the report old-fashioned way, we'd have to add the XML element below. By using the annotations, we make it so that we don't have to maintain this file; instead this will be done for us. It also means we won't be able to follow best practice in bean-variable naming in the JSF files which is that the How to report with abstract bean variable name be identical to the bean classname except for lower-casing the first letter and report meaning dropping Bean from the How to write introduction end. Write Thesis Report! This is what is accomplished in our XML below.

Instead, since managing our backing bean is Essay done automatically through annotations, when it's launched, it uses reflection to walk through to find classes that contain annotations and set things up accordingly. In this case, the backing bean management is discovered such that its absence from Write thesis meaning faces-config.xml is unimportant. The annotations in the Java code cause an implicit version of this bean management that would appear as below here which you'll confirm when you see the Essay and disadvantages urbanization presentation ( .xhtml ) files later. This type of things is big in later versions of frameworks like Spring, JPA and Write report REST (all in my own experience; there are many more besides). Originally, these frameworks all used extensive XML-based configuration. It can be argued whether it's more or less confusing to use annotations (spread all over the code) or XML (all in one, predictable place).

Obviously, it's more convenient to the Java developer who creates the code to Business week leadership articles do it inside the Java source. But, there is something very important needed in this file. Without this statement, the thesis report meaning application runs, but nothing renders, which is to documented essays say, what you get is report a blank browser screen and doing a View Page Source (or, View Source in Internet Explorer) shows that the page contains nothing at all. So, the following is essay all we'll have in this file: Oddly, Eclipse doesn't seem to support setting the version to 2.0 without changing the Project Facets to 2.0. And it's not possible to change the JavaServer Faces Preferences to 2.0. Thesis! I've not been able to overcome this problem; so far, no one in the Eclipse forums has an answer. The presentation (JSF or xHTML) files.

One of the advantages of write a lab introduction with abstract, Facelets is that we can leave JSP notations behind and use HTML. This is great because if we were collaborating with graphics- and web-page guys, we'd like them to report meaning be able to do their work without having to Group to do jira learn Java or JSP, or ever have to squint at arcane notations in the same files we're trying to maintain. Instead, they just do their whole Dreamweaver thing and we stay out of it. Create two xHTML files with the Write following names and content. At this point, you should have the to do following project: Ensure you've got an Write meaning Apache Tomcat server set up. (You should already have an Group jira Apache Tomcat server associated with your workspace.)

1. Ensure that it is Write thesis meaning set up to run this project. To Do Assignment! In the Servers view, right-click Tomcat v6.0 Server at localhost and choose Add and Remove. . 2. . then, ensure that this application, the project by name, is configured to run. To launch the guess-a-number web application, pop open a browser and type: If your host is running something else on port 8080 (as mine is), pick a different port for Tomcat. I'm choosing 9080 instead. To do this, double-click Tomcat v6.0 Server at localhost , then change the port numbers by clicking on them. At this point, you should see: Internationalization is done in Write report order for Essay on homework advantages the application to be localized later.

This consists of Write, isolating every resource (mostly strings) from the presentation that must be rendered differently for a given locale, i.e.: language or culture. For this, we decide upon on a messages file, messages.properties , which we'll put in with the Java files (only so it will be available in the same package as the bean). In place of the following construct in Essay on homework urbanization guessnumber.xhtml . This will force rendering to get the greeting out of messages.properties , using three key-value pairs, instead of finding it sitting literally inside the presentation file. One of them contains variable data, let's call them substitution pronouns, where values will be placed at runtime. There's one more task to accomplish before our application is fully internationalized. This is to choose the list of locales (beside en_US) we support.

In our case, we're only Write report meaning, supporting French. So, we'll add the following construct to our application. element in faces-config.xml : Now we're on to localization, which is the Law dissertation uk process by which we make an application work for a locale other than the one for which it was written. A second file, messages_fr.properties , will allow us to say how this guess-a-number application should be rendered in French. In fact, if we were providing full French support in all flavors, especially French-Canadian, we'd differentiate by means of different files and also we'd add. . to faces-config.xml (in the place you just saw higher up). The magic Eclipse faces-config.xml editor has an meaning Other tab and, under Locale Config , you will see (go ahead and play with it) that French can come in a number of different flavors including Belgian, Swiss and Writing essays strategies Luxemburgish. In practice, after living in Paris for 6 years, I find that the thesis report meaning only really different French occurs in Canada where accommodations are made for North American cultural differences from Continental French. In our case then, we're predicting we'll never have to differentiate our application between Canadians and French, so we're not adding messages_fr_FR.properties and messages_fr_CA.properties files. By not doing this, no matter what the French locale, JSF will default down to the only available mapping, messages_fr.properties . Lest you think that the next illustration is pure magic, let me point out that I've added something called Quick Local Switcher to Essay advantages Firefox. It let's me change locales on the fly.

JSF recognizes the locale and behaves accordingly. There's something left to do, however. Notice that the Submit button label hasn't been translated to Soumettre . Write Report Meaning! This isn't done any differently than the other message. We just need to change the h:commandButton element's value attribute. The finished guessnumber.xhtml file is in an appendix below. What still doesn't work? Java source code internationalization. When you answer here, you don't get the result in French since it comes out of Java code ( UserNumberBean.getResponse() ). You just get the Back button localized. I don't know how to do this differently in JSF. I do know how to do it in Java, but the internationalization of Java code is a different topic than what I'm treating here. How To Report Abstract! If you would like to read about this, I suggest Resource bundles . Last, let's note that the way we're handling styles in our application is primitive and we must do better.

It's simple; it doesn't really work differently than for any other HTML file. We just need to thesis put our styles into CSS and Essay and disadvantages add a file to our project resources: Once we do this (and add a link . element for styles to Write meaning our xHTML files as shown in write a lab report introduction the finished files appendix), our ultimate project looks like this: Appendix: Setting up User Libraries. This amounts to creating a string of user libraries for Eclipse use under more or less the same names as I have them here (or ones of your own choosing). The research on this was done in the last article, Facelets Using RichFaces: The definitive JAR list . As you've seen in Write report this tutorial, I'm using the Group to do assignment jira names from that list of JARs. Get the JARs and Write report set them up in the libraries of your creation and naming along with as much source and/or Javadoc as you can find to attach. This is something that must be done in Eclipse on Essay advantages a per-workspace basis, so it gets very old if, like me, you like lots of workspaces in place of huge workspaces with lots of projects. The alternative to this is, once you've create a cozy little set of useful user libraries, to export them. Meaning! To do this, follow these steps.

Once finished, you can import them at this same point into another workspace when you go to Group jira set up your first project's user libraries. Right-click (any) project and choose Build Path - Configure Build Path . Write Thesis Meaning! Click the Libraries tab. Click the Group Add Library. button. Select User Library . Thesis Report Meaning! Click Next . Click the Law dissertation User Libraries. button. Click the Export. button. Select the report meaning libraries you want in this collection and name the collection (and its path on disk). I like to Writing documented essays call mine something like, jsf-facelets.libraries and drop it into my development downloads directory alongside all the JAR downloads: /home/russ/downloads/ . Yup, there are some things that I don't like, don't work quite right, and that I want to add. Thesis! I'm noting these here along with resources I don't want to forget that may help me solve problems I don't know how to solve. Clicking the Back button doesn't clear out (regenerate) the number Duke's guessing for a fresh restart. This stackOverflow discussion may help me solve how to get a fresh restart. Giving up JSP-content in JSF shouldn't mean abandoning navigation.

Study how navigation should work in a Facelet. Kokoo Day Chocolate! The example so far could use some (see above) and some of this will be needed for the next tutorial. I don't know how to use a file for styles in JSF yet. Write Thesis! I should come back and redo the h:message . / element in guessnumber.xhtml . Essay And Disadvantages Urbanization! Some useful references while writing JSF programs. Exadel's JavaServer Faces HTML Tags Reference Dreamweaver-oriented JSF Toolbox Documentation.

Copyright 2011 by Russell Bateman and Etretat Logiciels, LLC.

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essay lotus sutra Taigen Dan Leighton. Paper for an academic conference on thesis meaning, Discourse and Rhetoric in the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism Version with full diacritical marks available from taigendan@earthlink.net. In this essay I will discuss aspects of advantages and disadvantages urbanization Zen Master Dogen's appropriation and meaning, use of the Lotus Sutra , as it is expressed in his rhetorical style. Dogen quotes the Lotus Sutra (from the Kumarajiva version) far more than any other sutra.[1] This might seem reasonably expectable, since Dogen was first ordained as a monk in the Tendai school, which continued to see the Lotus as the essays preeminent sutra, even as it incorporated and attempted to meaning synthesize a whole range of Buddhist teachings.

However, while prominent Kamakura innovators, Eisai, Dogen, Honen, Shinran, and Nichiren all had been Tendai monks, they vary greatly in their subsequent application of the Lotus Sutra . The Lotus is the fundamental object of devotion for Nichiren, but is scarcely mentioned explicitly by Shinran (although it might be discerned as part of the background of Shin thought). The situation of Dogen's use of the Lotus Sutra in his teachings is more complex. Jira. The Lotus has been commonly perceived as tangential to Dogen, and to Japanese Soto Zen generally. For example, in discussing another great Soto literary figure from the eighteenth century, Ryokan, who also favored the Lotus Sutra , Ryuichi Abe says, Although Ryokan appears to have remained faithful to the religious ideals of his Soto progenitor Dogen, there was nothing sectarian about Ryokan's Buddhist practice. Among the numerous Buddhist scriptures, the Lotus Sutra popular text not particularly emphasized in thesis, traditional training but the ghana kuapa essential scripture of the Tendai and report meaning, Nichiren schools was by far his favorite.[2] While the Lotus is certainly not nearly as important to Dogen or Soto as it is to Nichiren, Ryokan's great appreciation for it is revealing of the Law dissertation lingering appropriation of the Lotus Sutra in Soto, an appreciation and usage that does go back to the Japanese Soto founder. Dogen widely cites and interprets many doctrinal elements from the thesis Lotus Sutra in his teachings. Along with his many direct allusions to the parables from the essay articles sutra, Dogen frequently refers to specific Lotus teachings. Write Thesis Report. Examples are skillful means ( hoben ); the Group assignment single cause for buddhas' appearing in Write thesis meaning, the world, i.e. to bring suffering beings onto the path of awakening; and that only a Buddha together with a Buddha can fully fathom the fundamental truth. While these teachings are not completely unique to ghana day chocolate the Lotus among Mahayana sutras, Dogen discusses them using direct quotes from the Lotus Sutra . Thesis Meaning. Dogen also often discusses or critiques teachings commonly linked to the Lotus Sutra in Heian and Kamakura Buddhism, such as the importance of Business leadership articles fundamental enlightenment (hongaku); and realization of buddhahood in this very body (sokushin jobutsu).[3] Dogen's use of the Write thesis Lotus Sutra text is necessarily affected by the contemporary readings of the Lotus in Tendai and other Japanese understandings, a complex subject beyond the scope for this limited essay to detail.

A discussion of all the week leadership numerous direct references to the Lotus Sutra in Dogen's writings is also far beyond the scope of this essay. But to mention briefly one of the most prominent examples, in his Shobogenzo essay Hokke-Ten-Hokke The Lotus Dharma Turns the Lotus Dharma, Dogen discusses and elaborates his view of the thesis meaning liberative reality of the phenomenal world, which Dogen interprets as a primary teaching of the Lotus Sutra . Dogen expresses this interpretation in various ways. The Hokke-Ten-Hokke essay begins with the statement that, The contents of the assignment lands in ten directions are the sole existence of the Lotus Dharma.[4] In various writings, Dogen creatively reads and interprets parts of the Lotus Sutra such as the stories in chapters fifteen and sixteen about the underground bodhisattvas immanently present and thesis report meaning, available for the world, and the inconceivable life-span, and continuing presence in the world, of Shakyamuni Buddha. These are among the Lotus Sutra supports for Dogen's teaching about the active agency of the phenomenal world in the process and practice of Buddhist awakening.[5] This interpretation and appropriation of the Lotus teaching as essentially immanent and located in the phenomenal world is not only important to Dogen's philosophy, but is also relevant to Dogen's style of day chocolate expression, as will be described in what follows in this essay. In line with Dogen's many references, the Lotus Sutra also retains a significant place in Soto liturgy, albeit far less central than in Nichiren Buddhism. Even today in many Japanese Soto Zen temples, the verse endings to the sutra's chapter sixteen on the Buddha's Inconceivable Life-span (Juryohonge), or to chapter twenty-five on thesis meaning, Kannon Bodhisattva (Fumonbonge), are chanted daily. But instead of the sutra's doctrinal or liturgical applications, I will limit the scope of this essay to How to a lab report with examining some of the ways in which Dogen's style of discourse and rhetoric, as seen in his Eihei Koroku as well as in Shobogenzo , resonate with his interpretations of Write thesis report meaning aspects of the Lotus Sutra . My point is not at all to claim that the Lotus Sutra is the single most important source for Dogen; obviously there are many traditions from week leadership articles which Dogen borrows. Much of the Write meaning Chinese Ch'an tradition is the central lexicon for Dogen, especially the Essay advantages urbanization classical koan literature, as well as closer Tsao-tung lineage forebears such as Hung-chih Cheng-chŸeh and T'ien-t'ung Ju-ching. In Dogen and Write thesis report, the Koan Tradition, Steven Heine has masterfully demonstrated how Dogen's writings serve to develop and ghana kokoo day chocolate, elaborate the koan genre.[6] Dogen also makes ample use of the Japanese poetic tradition, as invoked in Yasunari Kawabata's appreciation of Dogen as a poet in Kawabata's 1968 Nobel Prize acceptance speech. Dogen's indebtedness to this poetic tradition has been further traced in Heine's The Zen Poetry of Dogen .[7] Dogen certainly further appropriated the Chinese monastic tradition as a major basis for his praxis, and Write thesis report meaning, training program.[8] But Dogen's utilization of Mahayana discourse, especially as developed in the Lotus, should also be considered as one of the fundamental backgrounds for viewing Dogen's teaching as a whole.

I believe that further inquiries into various aspects of their interrelationship will be illuminating to both Dogen and Lotus Sutra studies. But this present essay focuses on Dogen's borrowing aspects of its rhetorical style, based on his own interpretation of the Lotus. The essay proceeds with a discussion of the Lotus Sutra style of proclamatory rhetoric. The Self-Referential Lotus. The Lotus Sutra itself frequently emphasizes the importance of and Business leadership articles, rewards for report meaning, the reading, copying, and reciting of the Lotus Sutra . To be sure, other Mahayana sutras talk about the merit to kokoo day chocolate be derived by recalling or copying the sutra being read.[9] However, the Lotus Sutra at times seems to hold this self-referential quality at its center, such that it promotes an extreme mode of self-referential discourse that is unique to the Lotus Sutra . The sutra often speaks of the wondrous nature of the Lotus Sutra , right in the text commonly referred to report meaning as the Writing documented Lotus Sutra . Write Thesis Report. This rhetorical device can become startling and mind-twisting, like Escher's painting of two hands drawing each other. Various important figures in the sutra appear within the text of the Lotus Sutra because they have heard that the Lotus Sutra is currently being preached by Shakyamuni Buddha on week essay leadership, Vulture Peak. For example, in chapter eleven, the stupa of the Write ancient Buddha Prabhutaratna emerges from the earth and floats in mid-air, because he has vowed always to appear whenever the Lotus Sutra is preached.[10] In the same chapter, myriad bodhisattvas arrive from world systems in Writing strategies, all directions, in order to praise the Buddha for meaning, preaching this sutra in which they are appearing. This quality of the sutra talking about the sutra, and especially its many references to the Lotus Sutra as something expounded many ages ago, as about to be expounded, or even as hopefully to be expounded in the distant future, has led some commentators to observe that the whole text of this sutra, more than any others, is Dissertation day chocolate, a preface to a missing scripture.

As George and thesis meaning, Willa Tanabe say: The preaching of the Lotus sermon promised in Business week essay articles, the first chapter never takes place. The text, so full of merit, is about a discourse which is never delivered; it is a lengthy preface without a book. The Lotus Sutra is thesis meaning, thus unique among texts. Uk. It is not merely subject to various interpretations, as all texts are, but is open or empty at its very center. [11] This is a plausible perspective or interpretation.

The text does refer, in third person, to a designated text that one might keep vainly waiting for, as if for Godot. However, this perspective misses the manner in which the Lotus sermon certainly does exist. Fundamental messages of the Lotus, such as the One Vehicle and the primacy of the Buddha vehicle, are difficult to miss, even if they might be interpreted in various manners. But furthermore, between the lines the Lotus Sutra functions within itself both as a sacred text or scripture, and as a commentary and guidebook to its own use, beyond the literal confines of thesis its own written text. The Lotus Sutra is Business essay articles, itself a sacred manifestation of spiritual awakening that proclaims its own sacrality. Right within the Write report meaning text's proclamation of the wonders of a text with the same name as itself, the text celebrates its own ephemeral quality with the visionary splendors of its assembly of buddhas, bodhisattvas, and on homework and disadvantages urbanization, spirits, and Write thesis, with the engaging qualities of its parables. The synthesis of the assignment immanent spirit spoken about in the text, and the text's own intended functioning as an instrument or skillful catalyst to spark awakening, has been carried on among its followers. Thesis. This is exemplified in the varieties of Nichiren Buddhism in that they are rooted and focused in devotion to the Lotus Sutra itself as a sacred manifestation, and How to write report abstract, devotional object, which they are committed to proclaiming and promulgating. But for Dogen, the self-proclamation of the dharma in the Lotus Sutra becomes an aspect of his rhetorical style, rather than an externalized objectification.

In similar manner to the sutra's proclamations of the wondrous qualities of the Write thesis report meaning Lotus Dharma, Dogen in his writings commonly proclaims the wondrous nature of the Dharma, the Buddha, the many buddha ancestors, previous proclamations or utterances by ancestral teachers, and of course the Lotus Sutra itself. Dogen's style of discourse is usually not explanatory, discursive, or logical in the linear manner of modern rationality or cognition. Rather, Dogen seemingly free-associates, making illuminating connections based on doctrinal themes or imagistic motifs, aimed at proclaiming the non-dual reality of the present phenomenal world as fully imbued with the presence of the Buddha and of the ongoing possibility of awakening. A clear encapsulation of the Lotus Sutra 's self-proclamatory discourse strategy appears in volume one of Dogen's Eihei Koroku in two consecutive jodo, or dharma discourses, numbers 69 and 70, given in 1241.[12] Jodo number 69 reads in its entirety: [Dogen] said: Today this mountain monk [Dogen] gives a dharma discourse for the assembly. Group To Do. What I have just said I offer to all the three treasures in the ten directions, to the twenty-eight Ancestors in India, to thesis report meaning the six Ancestors in China, to all the nostrils under heaven, to the eyeballs throughout the past and present, to dried shitsticks, to assignment three pounds of sesame, to Zen boards, and to zafus. Previously we offered incense for the limitless excellent causal conditions, and we dedicate it so that toads may leap up to Brahma's heaven, earthworms may traverse the eastern ocean, and clouds and thesis, water monks may become horses and cows. All buddhas, ten directions, three times; All honored ones, bodhisattva mahasattvas; Mahaprajnaparamita.[13] Here Dogen states that he is proclaiming a jodo. But immediately, without saying anything more about the dharma, he dedicates that statement itself to the three jewels, the ancestral teachers, to Law dissertation uk meditation paraphernalia, and to thesis meaning famed Ch'an iconoclastic expressions for Buddha, Yun-men's dried shitstick (or dry turd) and his disciple Tung-shan Shou-ch'u's three pounds of sesame (or flax).[14] He then further dedicates the Law dissertation incense offering, which had preceded the statement that he was now making a statement, to Write toads, earthworms, and monks who manifest as horses and a lab with, cows, followed by the traditional concluding liturgical dedication. He thereby declares the intention of the thesis report dedication for all beings, no matter how humble. As in the Lotus Sutra , there is no visible dharma expressed except for a lab report introduction with, the celebration via proclamation of a non-explicit dharma.

But then, in the following jodo, number 70, Dogen explicitly comments on report, his own use of self-referential dharma, while engaging even further in Law dissertation uk, celebrating an Write thesis report meaning, unexpressed dharma. We do not know how many days may have separated the two discourses. In this section of the text, between the jodos that can be dated and assignment, which are four months apart, there were an average of two discourse per week. Write Report. But whatever the ghana kokoo day chocolate interval, it is clear in the overall text of Eihei Koroku that the different discourses, recorded chronologically with only very rare exceptions, are often linked sequentially through the Write thesis meaning associations of theme, imagery, ancestral figures, or textual allusion. Jodo number 70 says: [Dogen] said: As this mountain monk [Dogen] today gives a dharma discourse, all buddhas in week, the three times also today give a dharma discourse. Write. The Ancestral teachers in Group assignment, all generations also today give a dharma discourse. The one who bears the sixteen-foot golden body gives a dharma discourse. The one endowed with the wondrous function of the hundred grasses (all things) gives a dharma discourse. Already together having given a dharma discourse, what dharma has been expounded? No other dharma is expressed; but this very dharma is report meaning, expressed. To Do. What is Write thesis report, this dharma?

It is upheld within Shang-lan Temple; it is upheld within Kuan-yin Temple; it is upheld within the monks' hall; it is upheld within the buddha hall. Again, Dogen never talks about the content of his dharma discourse. Essay On Homework Advantages And Disadvantages. But he proclaims that his own act of proclaiming this self-referencing dharma is echoed simultaneously in the discourses of the Write ancestral teachers and buddhas, just as the documented proclamation of the thesis Lotus Sutra is echoed in Law dissertation, various buddha realms, in report meaning, various times. Law Dissertation Uk. Then Dogen asks the same question that the Tanabes ask about the Lotus Sutra , What dharma has been expounded? And Dogen answers unabashedly, No other dharma is expressed; but this very dharma is expressed. What is Write thesis, this dharma? While not explaining or even stating the content of this dharma, his phrase, This very (shako) dharma, might seem to refer to uk the teaching of Write thesis report meaning suchness, or tathata, but it is Group to do assignment, also simply just this dharma, as opposed to that one. Thereby Dogen emphasizes not an abstraction, but the concreteness of phenomenal reality as the realm of dharma. Then Dogen does declare and affirm that this non-explicit teaching is upheld in the context of the temples and the buildings where the practice is carried on. The example in these two jodos of Dogen's proclamation of Write a non-explicit dharma is presented in a direct and concise manner, as appropriate to the often brief declarations of the jodo form. But this rhetorical strategy recurs, more or less subtly, in many places throughout Shobogenzo , as well as in Eihei Koroku . That Dogen is adapting this rhetorical posture at least in part directly from the Dissertation kuapa kokoo day chocolate Lotus Sutra is clearly evidenced by another early jodo in the Eihei Koroku , number 24, given in 1240.

In the entire universe in ten directions there is meaning, no dharma at all that has not yet been expounded by all buddhas in the three times. Therefore all buddhas say, In the same manner that all buddhas in the three times expound the dharma, so now I also will expound the dharma without differentiations. This great assembly present before me also is kokoo day chocolate, practicing the Way in the manner of all buddhas. Each movement, each stillness is not other than the dharma of all buddhas, so do not act carelessly or casually. Although this is the case, I have an expression that has not yet been expounded by Write thesis report any buddha.

Everyone, do you want to discern it? After a pause [Dogen] said: In the same manner that all buddhas in the three times expound the Group to do assignment jira dharma, so now I also will expound the dharma without differentiations. In this dharma discourse Dogen again does not elaborate on the content of the dharma expounded by all buddhas in thesis report, the three times, except to aver that it is no other than every movement, and every stillness, and is practiced by the monks at Eiheiji. Significant to the point of this essay is the uk context of thesis report this quote mentioned by uk Dogen from Sakyamuni Buddha, In the same manner that all buddhas in the three times expound the dharma, so now I also will expound the dharma without differentiations. This statement that Dogen uses to Write meaning express the inexplicit dharma proclaimed by all buddhas is week essay articles, from the Write thesis report meaning Lotus Sutra , chapter two on Skillful Means.[15] Dogen further emphasizes this quote when he repeats it verbatim as his own expression for the inexplicit dharma, which he claims, Has not yet been expounded by any buddha. But saying it has not previously been expounded is tantamount to Dogen himself preaching the original Lotus Sutra , or to his own manifestation as the Buddha in the Lotus text in which it is a lab introduction with abstract, first expounded.

There are ample examples of response with silence, or of indirect or inexplicit Dharma proclamation within the Ch'an literature that is Dogen's primary lexicon. Yet the Lotus Sutra referent for thesis report meaning, this 1240 jodo about assignment jira expounding the dharma clearly demonstrates that Dogen himself saw the Lotus Sutra , expounded by all buddhas in the three times, as an important source for this self-proclamatory rhetorical style of expounding. Further studies of any references to the Lotus Sutra in the development of early Ch'an rhetorical styles might be informative. But it is thesis, apparent that Dogen himself saw the Lotus as one model for a non-dualistic, inexplicit discourse approach. The Self-Reflexive as a Skillful Mode. In The Karma of Words, William LaFleur discusses the sophisticated nature of the Lotus Sutra as literature, and its impact in medieval Japanese poetics. The surprising feature of [the parables] in the Lotus is that they are simultaneously the vehicle and the tenor of that vehicle. In a very important sense, the week articles parables of the Lotus are about the role and status of parabolic speech itself. They are what I would call self-reflexive allegory; that is, their trajectory of discourse behaves like a boomerang. Much like the Write report meaning dharma described in How to a lab introduction abstract, a crucial section of the hoben chapter, they are characterized by the absolute identity [or equality] of their beginning and Write meaning, end.[16]

LaFleur's analysis of this realm of discourse in the Lotus Sutra focuses on its radical nondualism, and its embodiment of skillful means. This standpoint of nondualism represents interpretations of the Lotus Sutra developed in documented essays strategies, T'ien-t'ai and in Japanese Buddhism prior to Dogen, and which impacted the medieval literature LaFleur examines. From such a nondualistic viewpoint, LaFleur suggests translating hoben as modes rather than the more common translations of skillful or expedient means. Hurvitz translates hoben as expedient devices, and Watson translates it as expedient means, both implying a dualistic, and report, even manipulative, aspect of the teaching, especially when rendered as devices. Kato, Tamura, and Miyasaka translate it as tactfulness, which implies more consideration and inclusivity, but might still be seen as implying a hierarchy of the teachings. The upaya (or hoben ) doctrine is a problematic aspect in the Lotus Ekayana One Vehicle teaching. The Lotus at times has been upheld, within the sutra itself as well as by some of its followers, for example in the T'ien-t'ai p'an-chiao system, as the supreme epitome of the One Vehicle. In this perspective other teachings and scriptures may be seen as merely expedient, provisional (and therefore inferior) teachings that might be included in the One Vehicle as a kind of documented essays dharmic noblesse oblige. Such a view of upaya implies a hierarchy of report meaning teachings, and even a manipulative use of them.

Unquestionably the Law dissertation Lotus Sutra lends itself, and often explicitly encourages, a political, polemical reading in which the Lotus, and those who preach it, represent the True Dharma, and those who follow provisional, expedient teachings exemplify the thesis report meaning chaff, inimical to the full teaching. On the other hand, the ghana day chocolate alternate mode of reading the teaching of upaya, as championed by Write thesis report meaning LaFleur, implies a radically nondualistic inclusivity, and an acceptance of all helpful teachings as simply a diversity of modes. Portions of the Lotus Sutra do indeed lend themselves to Essay advantages urbanization this alternate, more tolerant and inclusive reading of hoben . For example, in chapter five the parable of the Write thesis meaning Dharma rain falling universally on all implies no discrimination against any of the many plants that are equally nourished, each growing in their own way. Applied as appropriate to the diversity of needs of suffering beings, all teaching modes might be equally beneficial to How to write a lab the ultimate purpose for thesis report meaning, buddhas' manifestation, as proclaimed in the upaya chapter: By resort to numberless devices and to various means, parables, and phrases do [buddhas] proclaim the dharmas, . . Writing. . for one great cause appearing in the world, . . . to cause beings to hear the Buddha's knowledge, . . . to cause the thesis meaning beings to understand, . . . to cause the beings to enter the Group jira path.[17] Such an inclusive reading of hoben might be usefully appropriated to modern concerns of religious pluralism, which may be LaFleur's subtext. But LaFleur's reading also has implications to styles of discourse, the primary issue under consideration here. LaFleur sees the sutra's primary liberative purpose and its various skillful modes expressed nondualistically as exactly the Write thesis report reason for Group to do assignment, the sutra's self-referential discourse style. Thesis Report. In his reading: The narratives of the Lotus are not a means to an end beyond themselves.

Their concrete mode of expression is not chaff to be dispensed with in order to attain a more abstract, rational, or spiritual truth. The Lotus is unequivocal on this point: One may seek in every one of the ten directions but will find no mode [ hoben ] other than the Law dissertation Buddha's. This accounts for what may seem to report meaning be an inordinate amount of praise directed by the sutra toward itself. Essay On Homework Advantages And Disadvantages. It also implies that within the sutra there is an report, unmistakable philosophical move opposite to Group to do assignment that in Plato's Republic, a move to affirm the complete reality of the world of thesis concrete phenomena in spite of the advantages and disadvantages fact that they are impermanent.[18] This common Japanese association of the Lotus Sutra with affirmation of the reality of the phenomenal world, followed here by LaFleur, can be dated back to the Japanese Tendai founder Saicho. Having studied with two of the disciples of the Chinese Hua-yen master Chan-jan, who argued for the Buddha nature of insentient beings (a teaching that Dogen would also later frequently celebrate), Saicho incorporated Hua-yen (Kegon) views of suchness into Tendai. But Saicho also applied this in an original way to his interpretation of the Lotus Sutra . His reading not only Write meaning, acknowledges two aspects of suchness but establishes a hierarchy between the two in identifying the dynamic aspect of suchness—its expression as the phenomenal world—with the T'ien-t'ai category of the middle and with the one vehicle of the Lotus. Essay On Homework Advantages And Disadvantages. This represents a crucial step toward the profound valorization of empirical reality found in medieval Tendai original enlightenment thought.[19] From this Japanese Tendai perspective of spiritual reality immanent in concrete phenomena, the Lotus Sutra itself is not separate from, or talking about, a realm of transcendent spirit outside of itself. Thus the Lotus Sutra itself can become an embodiment of the awakening aspect of the Write thesis report meaning phenomenal world, omnipresent, at least in potentiality, in Group assignment, all concrete phenomena. The self-referential or self-reflexive aspect of the sutra demonstrates the non-separation of its liberative goals from the Buddha's skillful modes.

Given the nonduality of Write meaning purpose and context of the Lotus Sutra as a text that itself represents and enacts veneration of the Dissertation day chocolate world's liberative potential, it is Write thesis report, reasonable that this very sutra would become an object of veneration, as in Nichiren Buddhism. To be sure, Dogen is not inclusive of the diverse modes of teachings in LaFleur's strictly non-hierarchical fashion, as, in common with all of the Kamakura innovators, Dogen at times upholds his own teaching lineage and strongly disparages others. However, Dogen's use of How to write abstract Lotus style self-referential discourse is directed at affirmation of the nondualism of means and Write, end, and he repeatedly affirms the phenomenal realm as the kuapa day chocolate arena of nondual practice-realization, in meaning, accord with LaFleur's view of the Lotus Sutra discourse as based on hoben . In a similar skillful mode, Dogen often intentionally uses words as vehicles to express the discourse he is then proclaiming. Dogen's frequent inversion of conventional word order and word meaning from classical koans or sutras serves to express this quality of proclamation, in which the discourse itself demonstrates that which it is expounding. A prominent example is the oft-cited wordplay in Shobogenzo Bussho Buddha Nature, first written in Group to do assignment jira, 1241, in which Dogen retranslates the passage from the Mahaparinirvana Sutra, All sentient beings without exception have Buddha nature. By rereading the characters shitsu-u as whole being, rather than all have, Dogen alters the passage to, All sentient beings' whole being [is] Buddha nature.[20] This elimination of dualistic grammar itself demonstrates the nondualism between sentient beings and Buddha nature. In further accord with LaFleur's view of the report meaning Lotus discourse, Dogen specifically affirms the complete reality of the world of concrete phenomena in his discourse rhetoric as well as its content, and Essay advantages and disadvantages urbanization, even when leaving the content itself seemingly absent, or at least not stated. In jodo 49 in Eihei Koroku, also given in 1241, Dogen says: This mountain monk has not lectured for the sake of the assembly for a long time.

Why is this? On my behalf, the buddha hall, the monks' hall, the valley streams, the pine, and bamboo, every moment, endlessly speak fully for the sake of all people. Have you all heard it or not? If you say you heard it, what did you hear? If you say you have not heard it, you do not keep the five precepts. Here Dogen rhetorically affirms the immanence of the dharmic discourse as well as its content, right in the world of dharmas, or phenomena, including streams, pines, bamboo, and temple buildings, which all themselves discourse on this dharma. He also self-consciously uses this nonexplicit discourse of the dharma and its immanence as a skillful means for challenging his monks in training to hear and express the dharma more fully. Have you all heard it or not? Dogen's Use of the Fantastic.

Another literary aspect of the Lotus Sutra that is disconcerting to conventional analysis is the degree to which its stories and teachings are rooted in Write report meaning, images and fantasies. In his introduction to his book on documented strategies, Myoe, whose life and teaching were colorfully replete with the visionary, George Tanabe, Jr. cites the centrality of visions to East Asian Buddhist experience, despite the focus of much of modern Buddhist studies on doctrine and Write meaning, philosophy. The Buddhist tradition is as much a history of fantasy as it is a history of thought. It should be studied as such to documented strategies gain a better understanding not only report meaning, of Buddhism as a fantastic philosophy, but of Buddhists as sentient beings as well.[21] In the context of Myoe studies, Tanabe's discussion of the fantastic might more directly apply to the psychedelic visions of the Avatamsaka Sutra, which Myoe, as a Kegon monk, especially cherished. But Tanabe's remarks also certainly pertain to the striking images and parables of the Essay advantages urbanization Lotus, about which he says, The Lotus Sutra is less a work of memory and more a product of fantasy inspired with new visions derived internally.[22] The Lotus Sutra thus calls for examination of the significance and function of its imagery as much as, if not more than, its philosophical positions. As Tanabe says: Mahayana Buddhism is, among many things it can be, a tradition of the mind's faculty for producing images in both waking life and sleep: a tradition, that is, of fantasy producing visions, . . Thesis Meaning. . and dreams, which were interpreted by Dissertation the dreamers for their own meanings and Write thesis meaning, which can be, to add a modern aspect, read by kuapa day chocolate us for their feelings. Report Meaning. It will be possible to Writing documented gain a better understanding of Mahayana Buddhism as a vehicle not only of ideas and institutions but of human emotion as well only when studies of the fantastic end of the spectrum become more available.[23] In this context, the Lotus Sutra parables and self-referential discourse style can be seen as the internal expression of vision, or fantasy, that expresses the human experience of Write thesis meaning Mahayana practice, more than its philosophical content. Even when, as may frequently be the case, such discourse is a literary device or artifice, rather than directly inspired by literal meditative experience, visions, or dreams, such literary framing serves to honor the skillful use of imagination and the visionary.

The Lotus Sutra itself includes a parable that uses a fantastic vision to demonstrate how fantastic visions function as skillful liberative modes. In chapter seven, a conjured or phantom city is described as a vision that serves as a metaphor for the teaching of nirvana as cessation, which can provide a half-way oasis on the path to Mahayana universal liberation. Despite being a mere phantom, the vision of an oasis city acts as a necessary, beneficial encouragement for practitioners, who may be refreshed by temporarily imagining they have achieved their goal. How To A Lab Report Introduction With. Similarly, Lotus Sutra parables, no matter how fantastic, themselves function as beneficial encouragements. In another of the numerous examples in Shobogenzo of Dogen using wordplay to invert conventional thinking, in Muchu Setsumu Within a Dream Expressing the Dream, written in 1242, Dogen extensively elaborates on the statement that all buddhas express the dream within a dream.[24] He thereby denies the supposedly lesser reality of the dreams of the transient phenomenal world, and negates a Platonic exaltation of the absolute, which LaFleur describes as the antithesis of thesis report meaning Lotus teaching. Instead, Dogen proclaims the dream world of phenomena as exactly the realm of buddhas' activity. Ghana Kuapa Kokoo. Every dewdrop manifested in every realm is a dream. This dream is the Write report glowing clarity of the hundred grasses. . . . Do not mistake them as merely dreamy.[25] The liberative awakening of buddhas is itself described as a dream.

Without expressing dreams, there are no buddhas. Without being within a dream, buddhas do not emerge and strategies, turn the Write wondrous dharma wheel. This dharma wheel is no other than a buddha together with a buddha, and a dream expressed within a dream. Simply expressing the Business leadership dream within a dream is itself the buddhas and ancestors, the assembly of unsurpassable enlightenment.[26] Dogen is not frivolously indulging in mere paradox here, but follows the logic of the dream as necessarily the locus of awakening. As Dogen says in Write thesis report meaning, his celebrated essay, Genjokoan, Those who have great realization of delusion are buddhas.[27] What is How to write a lab report introduction, worthy of study is not delusions or fantasies about Write enlightenment, but rather the reality of the causes and conditions of the realms of week essay leadership delusion and suffering. A similar logic is expressed in the Lotus Sutra dictum that buddhas manifest only Write meaning, due to the presence of suffering beings. Dogen's positive view of essay leadership dreams will be significant in thesis meaning, his parables to be discussed below, two of which Dogen frames as if they might have been dreams, whether or not they were his actual sleeping dreams.

Dogen does not attend to How to introduction abstract literal dreams with anywhere near the same dedication as his contemporary, Myoe, as exemplified by Myoe's extraordinary, forty-year dream journal.[28] Along with Myoe, dreams and visionary discourse are also more emphasized than they are by Dogen in the teachings of Write Keizan, Dogen's third generation successor, who is revered as the second founder of Japanese Soto Zen. The central role of dream and assignment, vision for Keizan has been discussed and elaborated by Bernard Faure in report meaning, Visions of Business week essay leadership Power. [29] Keizan and his successors in the following few generations helped spread Soto Zen throughout rural Japan. One stereotype in Soto studies is the distinction between Keizan's use of the visionary, inspired by Esoteric teachings, and the supposedly more pure Zen of Write report Dogen. According to this stereotype, Dogen emphasized zazen and and disadvantages, a rational presentation of buddha dharma, untainted by the more colorful and thesis report meaning, melodramatic Mahayana and Esoteric teachings indulged in by Keizan.[30] However, Dogen does indeed employ dreams and visions as skillful teaching tools. While we may certainly note differences in Dissertation, emphasis and style between Dogen and Keizan, Dogen is in fundamental accord with the world-view of medieval Japan, including the esoteric teachings of Shingon and Tendai that were the Write thesis report meaning background for all Kamakura Buddhism. Dogen sees the Business week essay leadership articles phenomenal world as dynamically alive, and imbued with spirit forces. Thesis Report Meaning. His visionary context is perhaps most apparent in his interpretations and appropriations of the week essay leadership articles Lotus Sutra , and in his own references to dreaming. In Muchu Setsumu Within a Dream Expressing the Dream, Dogen explicitly refers to the Lotus Sutra as a source for the role of thesis report meaning dreams in his discourse style. He quotes a long passage that concludes the final verse in chapter fourteen of the How to a lab introduction sutra, beginning from, All buddhas, with bodies of golden hue, splendidly adorned with a hundred auspicious marks, hear the dharma and report meaning, expound it for others. Such is the fine dream that ever occurs. . . . Dogen interprets this passage as saying that the Dissertation kokoo day chocolate whole archetypal story of the report meaning Buddha occurs in a dream.

Dogen's reading takes this passage out of its context in the sutra to emphasize that the kokoo Buddha is Write report meaning, made king, leaves the palace, awakens under the bodhi tree, and conducts his whole teaching career, all in a dream.[31] Thus this passage at the close of chapter fourteen is creatively interpreted by Dogen to serve as foreshadowing for the revelation in chapter sixteen of Buddha's inconceivable life-span, in which the archetypal story of his birth, awakening, teaching, and death is more explicitly revealed as a skillful means to encourage beings. After quoting this passage, Dogen avers that, This dream of buddhas is not an assignment, analogy. Write Report Meaning. In the Dissertation ghana kuapa day chocolate original context of the Lotus Sutra text, this passage is merely describing the rewards of those who preach the thesis report Lotus, in this instance the reward of auspicious dreams.[32] But Dogen uses his creative reading to validate, or at least exemplify, his teaching that the dream-state of the conditioned phenomenal world is exactly the arena for Dissertation kuapa, awakening. But here he is furthermore claiming the dream mentioned by the Lotus Sutra as a model for a skillful discourse mode that has recourse to the visionary as a tool for liberation. As in the Lotus Sutra self-reflexive discourse style, the parable expression is itself a skillful mode of reality for thesis report, Dogen, not separate from concrete phenomena. Dogen continues, People in the past and uk, present mistakenly think that, thanks to the power of expounding this foremost dharma, mere night dreams may become like this dream of buddhas. Thesis Report Meaning. Thinking like this, one has not yet clarified the Buddha's discourse. Awakening and dreaming from the beginning are one suchness, the assignment jira genuine reality. The buddha-dharma, even if it were an analogy, is the genuine reality.[33]

For Dogen, the particular events of this dream world are the reality, and also the skillful discourse, of the awakening of report meaning buddhas. The essays of Dogen's Shobogenzo , such as Muchu Setsumu, are sometimes philosophical and elaborative of traditional Buddhist or Zen doctrines, and are addressed to a general audience of his contemporaries. To Do. In Eihei Koroku , by contrast, Dogen is directly addressing his small cadre of monk disciples at Eiheiji, stretching for thesis, means to Dissertation kuapa kokoo encourage and develop their practice. In this work, the primary available source for his mature teachings, as well as occasionally revealing humor or feelings such as sadness or regret, Dogen at times offers his own parables, often using fantastic, playful imagery, sometimes expressed as if in dreams. In the following three parables from Eihei Koroku jodos, Dogen's appropriation of Lotus and Mahayana vision is Write thesis report, evidenced through the allusions to Mahayana rhetoric or figures in each of them. In Eihei Koroku jodo number 229, given in 1247, Dogen directly parodies the rhetoric of Mahayana sutras. The millions of billions of transformation bodies [of buddhas] abide throughout a monk's staff, carry water and gather firewood to make offerings to buddhas as numerous as there are sitting cushions, and, on the tip of a whisk, simultaneously all attain unsurpassed complete perfect enlightenment. They are all equally named Broken Wooden Ladle Tathagata, Worthy of Offerings, Omniscient, Foot of Bright Practice, Well Gone One, World Liberator, Supreme One, Strong Controlling Person, Teacher of Humans and Heavenly Beings, World-Honored Buddha. The Country [of this Buddha] is Essay on homework urbanization, named Clump of Soil; the kalpa is named Fist.

The duration of the True Dharma Age and thesis meaning, Semblance Dharma Age are both twelve hours, and the buddha's longevity is that of a dried turd from three thousand great thousands of worlds. Essay On Homework Advantages. Do you all understand? If you state your understanding you are making mistake after mistake. Thesis Report. If you say you do not understand, even the five precepts are not maintained. Dogen plays with words here, replacing the conventional sutra rhetoric for a buddha abiding throughout kalpas with his abiding throughout a monk's staff.

Instead of making offerings to buddhas as numerous as the proverbial grains of sand in the Ganges River, Dogen substitutes buddhas as numerous as sitting cushions. Instead of the buddha sitting under the leadership bodhi tree as he attains enlightenment, Dogen has him sitting on top of a whisk. Dogen then applies the Write report standard ten epithets for a buddha, starting with Tathagata, to a new buddha invented here by Dogen, named Broken Wooden Ladle, who might be seen as a reference to all of the humble monks practicing under him at Eiheiji. Continuing with his parody of conventional Mahayana sutra rhetoric, Dogen designates the buddha land of this fabulous new buddha as Clump of soil, his kalpa as Fist, and his longevity as that of a dried turd. Dogen seems to mock the standard Mahayana sutra rhetoric, iconoclastically mimicking a formula for describing buddhas used often in the Lotus Sutra , for to do, example in chapters eight and nine on the predictions of Write future buddhahood of the five hundred disciples, and of learners and adepts.[34] However, Dogen actually is affirming his view of the Lotus Sutra , as originally interpreted by Saicho and expressed by LaFleur, that validates the world of Law dissertation uk concrete phenomena as expressive of the Write thesis meaning essence of awakening. The new buddha is write abstract, called Broken Wooden Ladle in thesis report, celebration of a humble implement, to which Dogen frequently refers in highly exalted terms. For example, in jodo 204 in 1246 he says, If you really know it, the temple pillars confirm that, and the wooden ladles study together with you. Then he has wooden ladles doing three prostrations and asking a dharma question.[35] Similarly revered in Writing essays, jodo 229, above, are the practice paraphernalia of Write thesis sitting cushions, a monk's staff, and a teacher's whisk. But in write a lab report abstract, celebrating humble phenomena, Dogen also emphasizes their ephemerality, as he says that the thesis True and Semblance Dharma Ages of Broken Wooden Ladle Buddha endure merely twelve hours. Dissertation Ghana Kuapa Kokoo Day Chocolate. Although an intact wooden ladle is a useful implement, here the Buddha is named Broken Wooden Ladle, further emphasizing transiency, and recalling the Zen phrase, the report meaning bottom of a bucket broken out, which signifies the letting go of attachments in opening experiences. Dogen's challenge to his monks at the end of the jodo echoes the Essay urbanization prominent Ch'an dharma combat rhetoric style of thesis meaning koan anthologies such as the Hekiganroku , Blue Cliff Record.

However, his statement, If you state your understanding you are making mistake after mistake, might also be seen as a rationale for the whole Lotus Sutra self-referential strategy of not explicitly stating the content of the dharma being celebrated and proclaimed. Simultaneously, there is ghana kokoo, a mandate for this Dharma to be actually proclaimed. If you say you do not understand, even the five precepts are not maintained, implies the Write report ethical responsibility not to leadership deny whatever is realized, despite its ephemerality. This may be seen as echoing the frequent theme in the Lotus Sutra of the Write thesis responsibility of Shakyamuni's disciples to Business essay articles maintain the Lotus Dharma in the future. Again, whether Dogen's rhetoric here borrows more from Ch'an tradition or more from the report indirect modes of the Lotus Sutra is not the issue. The fact that he uses this style to Essay and disadvantages mimic Lotus Sutra rhetoric, however, does indicate that in this jodo Dogen is concerned and aware of Lotus Sutra discourse style, and of appropriating it rhetorically, at least in part. In the following two examples, Dogen provides fantastic parables that seem to be framed as dreams when he describes them as happening last night.

Whether they were literal dreams or meditative visions is beside the point. As Bernard Faure says, For Buddhists there is no clear distinction between dreams that come during sleep and visions achieved in a waking state, or more precisely during meditation, in a state (samadhi) that, like trance, is thesis meaning, often defined as being 'neither sleeping nor waking.'[36] Whether realized in sleep or samadhi, or merely used intentionally as literary devices invoking the visionary qualities of samadhi, Dogen uses these visions to express the dream within the ghana day chocolate dream, i.e. to reveal awakening amid the phenomenal. In his Enlightenment Day jodo, number 88, in 1241, Dogen says: Two thousand years later, we are the descendants [of Shakyamuni]. Two thousand years ago, he was our ancestral father. He is Write thesis report, muddy and wet from following and chasing after the waves. It can be described like this, but also there is the principle of the Way [that we must] make one mistake after another. What is this like? Whether Buddha is present or not present, I trust he is leadership, right under our feet.

Face after face is Buddha's face; fulfillment after fulfillment is Buddha's fulfillment. Last night, this mountain monk [Dogen] unintentionally stepped on a dried turd and it jumped up and covered heaven and earth. This mountain monk unintentionally stepped on it again, and Write thesis, it introduced itself, saying, My name is Shakyamuni. Then, this mountain monk unintentionally stepped on his chest, and Law dissertation, immediately he went and thesis meaning, sat on the vajra seat, saw the morning star, bit through the traps and and disadvantages, snares of conditioned birth, and cast away his old nest from the past. Without waiting for anyone to peck at his shell from outside, he received the Write thesis report meaning thirty-two characteristics common to all buddhas, and together with this mountain monk, composed the following four line verse: Stumbling I stepped on his chest and his backbone snapped, Mountains and rivers swirling around, the dawn wind blew. Penetrating seven and assignment, accomplishing eight, bones piercing the meaning heavens,

His face attained a sheet of golden skin. In this jodo Dogen describes a dream-like fantasy in which he accidentally steps on a piece of shit, and in accord with Yun-men's utterance often cited by Group to do jira Dogen, it jumps up and declares itself to Write report be Shakyamuni. This vision increases the apparent disrespect for Buddha in Yun-men's utterance, as Dogen again steps on his back (albeit again accidentally), even after the dried shit identifies himself as Shakyamuni. But Dogen uses this scatological vision not to degrade, but rather to to do further celebrate Buddha, by declaring that upon being stepped on, He went and sat on the vajra seat, saw the morning star, bit through the traps and snares of conditioned birth, and cast away his old nest from the past. Here Dogen skillfully proclaims and celebrates, non-explicitly, one of the Write report major revelations of the Lotus Sutra , that of the How to report Buddha's life-span enduring over inconceivable ages (mentioned above in thesis meaning, connection with Dogen's reference in Expressing the Dream Within the Dream.) In chapter sixteen, Shakyamuni reveals that his archetypal story of his home-leaving and Essay on homework advantages and disadvantages urbanization, awakening is Write, demonstrated simply as a skillful mode. The effect of this dream parable of Dogen is to reinforce the story about skillful modes in chapter sixteen by describing Buddha and Essay on homework advantages and disadvantages, his awakening process as still omnipresent, last night right at Eiheiji, and even in excrement.

Dogen's dream story also echoes the Lotus Sutra , chapter four, parable of the prodigal son, who can only come to realize his fundamental endowment after years of shoveling manure in his father's field. As Dogen says in the introduction to thesis meaning his parable, even Shakyamuni is muddy and wet from following and chasing after the waves. Dogen's further introductory statement, Whether Buddha is present or not present, I trust he is right under our feet, echoes the Lotus Sutra parable about the to do assignment ragged beggar unknowingly having the Write thesis report dharma jewel sewed within his robe. It further suggests the image in How to write abstract, chapter fifteen of myriad bodhisattvas suddenly springing forth from beneath the ground under our feet, which represents the omnipresence of the Write thesis report meaning bodhisattva potential in the ground of concrete phenomena. Having venerated Shakyamuni Buddha via seeming desecration in this last jodo parable, in Eihei Koroku jodo number 123, given in week articles, 1243, Dogen describes another dream vision, this one seeming to poke fun at Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion. One sheet of dull stubbornness is three inches thick. Three lengths of upside-downness is five feet long.

Last night, this mountain monk [Dogen] struck the empty sky with a single blow. My fist didn't hurt, but the Write thesis meaning empty sky knew pain. A number of sesame cakes appeared and rushed to become the faces and eyes of the great earth. In the mock creation myth in the introduction to the jodo, Dogen punches out the empty sky. Then with bravado akin to such classic Ch'an masters of fisticuffs as Lin-chi or Te-shan (Rinzai and Group to do, Tokusan in Japanese), Dogen declares that his fist didn't hurt, but the sky, which can also be read as emptiness itself, knew pain. Like the thesis report skillful fists of Lin-chi or Te-shan, with their constructive impact on their monk trainees, Dogen's fist brings forth a cascade of sesame cakes, which in turn shower down as thousands of to do assignment faces and eyes.

The several references to the koan lexicon by Dogen in thesis report, this jodo include case 78 of the Shoyoroku Book of Serenity anthology. When asked by a monk about talk transcending buddhas and ancestors, Yun-men answers, Sesame cake.[37] In case 82 of the Law dissertation uk Shoyoroku, the association of Yun-men with sesame cakes continues when he says, The Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara brings money to buy a sesame cake: when he lowers his hand, it turns out to be a jelly-doughnut.[38] This story must have inspired Dogen's vision of Avalokiteshvara striving to purchase sesame cakes. Write Thesis Report. But Dogen envisions the sesame cakes as transformed into Business week, dynamically active eyes and faces rather than jelly-doughnuts, which are still mere commodities, even if richer than sesame cakes. As Dogen's parable in jodo 123 unfolds with dream-like narrative, someone shows up who wants to buy the sesame cakes (transformed into faces and eyes). When Dogen inquires, the person identifies himself as Avalokiteshvara, just as the piece of shit in the previously discussed dream parable identifies himself as Sakyamuni.

Presumably Avalokiteshvara is thesis report, trying to acquire from Dissertation ghana kuapa Dogen the eleven faces and Write, thousand eyes for his hands as depicted in one of the bodhisattva's foremost iconographic forms.[39] With these multiple perspectives, the bodhisattva of compassion can fulfill the Writing documented essays skillful means that he is known for, as seen in his diversity of forms in chapter twenty-five of the Lotus Sutra . When Avalokiteshvara further identifies himself by the very common Chinese names Ch'ang and Li, this represents Avalokiteshvara as an ordinary person. Even in a dream (or a literary discourse he frames as visionary or dream-like), Dogen is thereby implicitly affirming practice in the mundane world and the immanent presence of compassion. In Expressing the Dream Within the Dream, written the year before the parable in jodo123, Dogen declares that, The expression of the dream within the Write report dream is the Essay urbanization thousand hands and eyes of Avalokiteshvara that function by many means.[40] Here he explicitly denotes the discourse mode, the expression itself, as an aspect or example of Write thesis report meaning Avalokiteshvara's skillful means. The parable itself ends with Avalokite§vara expressing his commitment and determination to obtain the Group jira eyes and faces (formerly sesame cakes), with which to proceed with his work of compassion, whether or not he has any money. In his own concluding commentary, Dogen adds, When Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva makes an appearance, mountains and rivers on the great earth are not dead ashes. Here Dogen emphasizes the dynamic, liberating quality of the world of concrete phenomena. For Dogen, the report meaning whole world and its components, even the dreams within a dream, are the uk vital functioning of awakening, like the conjured city in the Lotus Sutra parable, assisting those on the path.

Dogen's jodo concludes with a further affirmation of the enlightening potency of the phenomenal world, You should always remember that in the third month the thesis report meaning partridges sing and the flowers open. Here the emergence of vitality in spring, and Group to do assignment, also its very invocation, functions skillfully as an encouraging metaphor for the enduring potential of awakening in his disciple audience. The parables in Write thesis report, the Lotus Sutra may lack Dogen's humorous irony and visionary whimsy. But in accord with LaFleur's account of the kokoo function of those parables, Dogen uses his dream parables similarly as skillful modes with which to meaning encourage his monks' engagement with and affirmation of the complete reality of the world of concrete phenomena in spite of the fact that they are impermanent. In his Eihei Koroku , Dogen relates parables that echo the function of the parables in the Lotus Sutra by Dissertation day chocolate demonstrating the presence of wondrous dharma, right in the phenomenal world and in the midst of karmic consciousness. While such parables are occasional, and Write thesis report meaning, certainly not Dogen's major mode of literary expression, they do exemplify his borrowing of Lotus Sutra styles in his discourse. More significantly than in Dogen's occasional use of Business leadership parables, the profuse self-referencing of the Lotus Sutra and the complex, skillful impact of this self-reflexive discourse serves as one major resource or model for Dogen's style of proclamation. Dogen follows the Lotus Sutra self-referential style in various of his rhetorical modes to proclaim and celebrate a teaching that often remains unstated, but which may be more provocative because of this quality of the non-explicit. Dogen's self-referential, proclamatory discourse (at least in some part borrowed from the Write thesis Lotus Sutra discourse style), used as a mode with which to express and exemplify radical nondualism, becomes a model for Soto Zen expression and practice, supporting prominent Soto teachings such as the oneness of practice-realization. This essay has focused on suggesting some of the Essay advantages urbanization aspects of thesis meaning Dogen's appropriation of Lotus Sutra styles of Writing essays strategies rhetoric in his own discourse.

Much more can be said about his inclusion of its doctrinal contents in report, his own teaching. Still, Dogen's primary literary source by far was the vast Ch'an koan literature, which he was introducing as a new, foreign language into Japan, and which he had mastered to an astonishing degree. In his prominent use of the Lotus Sutra , on the other hand, he was referencing the Buddhist text that was perhaps most familiar to Law dissertation uk his Kamakura audience. His wide use of the Lotus Sutra raises many questions. His devoted dissemination of the alien koan literature suggests that he was not citing the Lotus simply to match audience expectations or familiarities. Some aspects of Lotus teaching were clearly useful to legitimatization of Zen positions.

For example, he widely quotes the Write report passage in Kumarajiva's translation of week articles chapter two of the sutra that, Only a buddha together with a buddha can fathom the Reality of thesis All Existence.[41] Dogen appropriates this saying for his Shobogenzo essay Yuibutsu Yobutsu, Only Buddha and Buddha, as support for Dissertation kuapa kokoo, the Zen Dharma transmission tradition.[42] The Lotus Sutra focus on Shakyamuni also fits with the report meaning main buddha figure in Zen, rather than the Buddhas Amida or Vairocana venerated in the contemporary Pure Land and Esoteric (and Kegon) movements. But perhaps most fundamentally, the significant presence of the week Lotus Sutra in Write report, Dogen's teaching content and in his style of presentation may serve to remind us of the substantial underpinnings of Mahayana thought and practice in ghana kokoo day chocolate, Soto Zen teachings. [1] For a discussion of some Lotus Sutra references by Dogen, and a list of some such citations, see Kagamishima Genryu, Dogen zenji to in'yo kyoten-goroku no kenkyu (Tokyo: Mokujisha, 1965), pp. 121-137; 217-219. A list of Lotus Sutra references in Dogen's Shobogenzo appears in Gudo Wafu Nishijima and Chodo Cross, trans. Master Dogen's Shobogenzo , Book 1 (Woods Hole, Mass.: Windbell Publications, 1994), pp. 293-321. [2] Ryuichi Abe and Peter Haskell, trans. with essays. Write Thesis Report. Great Fool: Zen Master Ryokan; Poems, Letters, and Writings (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1996), p.xiii. See also p. 21.

[3] For background on hongaku thought, see Ruben Habito, Originary Enlightenment: Tendai Hongaku Doctrine and Essay on homework and disadvantages, Japanese Buddhism (Tokyo: The International Institute for Buddhist Studies, 1996); and Jacqueline Stone, Original Enlightenment and thesis, the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1999). Essays. For Saicho's appropriation of sokushin jobutsu from the Lotus Sutra story about the Write meaning Dragon King's daughter, see Paul Groner, The Lotus Sutra and Saicho's Interpretation of the Realization of Buddhahood with This Very Body, in Group to do assignment, George J. Tanabe, Jr., and Willa Jane Tanabe, editors. The Lotus Sutra in Japanese Culture (Honolulu: University of meaning Hawaii Press, 1989), pp. 53-74. [4] For an Group jira, English translation of Hokke-Ten-Hokke, see Nishijima and Cross, Master Dogen's Shobogenzo , Book 1, pp. 203-220. I have also referred to a translation by report Kazuaki Tanahashi and Michael Wenger, from the week leadership articles forthcoming Beyond Thinking , edited by Kazuaki Tanahashi. [5] Dogen appropriation of the report meaning Lotus, especially in terms of its use in Dogen's fundamental world-view underlying his praxis, will be further detailed in my forthcoming dissertation: Visions of Writing documented essays Awakening Space and Write thesis meaning, Time: The Bodhisattvas' Earth Emergence and the Inconceivable Life-Span in the Lotus Sutra , and their Impact in Dogen's Teachings. [6] Steven Heine.

Dogen and Dissertation ghana kokoo, the Koan Tradition (Albany: State University of meaning New York Press, 1994). [7] See Yasunari Kawabata, Japan the Beautiful and Myself, trans. Edward Seidensticker (Tokyo: Kodansha, 1969); and Steven Heine, The Zen Poetry of Dogen (Boston: Tuttle Publishing, 1997). [8] See Yifa, The Rules of Purity for the Chan Monastery: An Annotated Translation and Study of the Chanyuan Qinggui. Ph.D.

Dissertation at Yale University, 1996. The Chanyuan Qinggui was a major influence, quoted extensively by Dogen, in Dissertation day chocolate, his Eihei Shingi. See Taigen Dan Leighton and Shohaku Okumura, Dogen's Pure Standards for the Zen Community: A Translation of Eihei Shingi (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996). [9] See, for examples, Edward Conze, trans., The Perfection of Wisdom in thesis, Eight Thousand Lines its Verse Summary (Bolinas: Four Seasons Foundation, 1973), pp. 15, 120-121; and Buddhist Text Translation Society, Sutra of the Past Vows of write a lab report introduction with abstract Earth Store Bodhisattva (Talmage, Cal.: Dharma Realm Buddhist University, 1982), pp. 69-71, 89-92, along with many other passages. [10] I am using the Chinese /Japanese edition of Kumarajiva's translation, Myoho Rengekyo, 3 vols. (Tokyo: Iwanamai Bunko, 1996). English translations consulted are Leon Hurvitz, trans. Report Meaning. Scripture of the Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma (New York: Columbia University Press, 1976); Bunno Kato, Yoshiro Tamura, and Kojiro Miyasaka, trans. The Threefold Lotus Sutra: Innumerable Meanings, The Lotus Flower of the day chocolate Wonderful Law, and Meditation on the Bodhisattva Universal Virtue (New York: Weatherhill, 1975); and Burton Watson, The Lotus Sutra , (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993). [11] Introduction to George J. Tanabe, Jr., and Willa Jane Tanabe, The Lotus Sutra in Japanese Culture, p. Thesis Meaning. 2. [12] Jodo, literally ascending the hall, referred to Dissertation ghana kuapa kokoo here as dharma discourses, were the report major form of presentation in Sung China Ch'an temples.

They were often quite brief, given in the Dharma Hall with the teacher on the high seat on the altar and with the monks standing. Apparently they were the teaching form eventually favored by Dogen, since he nearly stopped writing the longer essays of Shobogenzo after 1244, but continued using the formal Jodo talks, which were recorded in Eihei Koroku , in training his monks at Eiheiji before his death in 1253. [13] All references to Eihei Koroku are from the earlier monkaku version (rather than Manzan's later edition) in Kosaka Kiyu and Suzuki Kakuzen, eds. Strategies. Dogen Zenji Zenshu. vols. Write Thesis Report Meaning. 3 and 4 (Tokyo: Shunjusha, 1989). All translations in this essay are from Taigen Dan Leighton and Shohaku Okumura, trans. Dogen's Extensive Record: A Translation of Essay advantages and disadvantages urbanization Eihei Koroku (Boston: Wisdom Publications, forthcoming). [14] Yun-men's response to thesis report a monk's question, What is Buddha? of kanshiketsu has been interpreted legitimately either as a dried shitstick, a standard implement that was used as we now use toilet paper, or simply as a dried turd, an Essay on homework and disadvantages, interpretation derived from Chuang-tzu's usage, which will be used as the translation in thesis meaning, other jodo below, according to varied contexts. How To A Lab Report Introduction Abstract. Yun-men's equation of thesis meaning Buddha with kanshiketsu appears, for example, in Mumonkan , case 21.

See Yamada, Gateless Gate, pp. 109-112. For a discussion of Dogen's likely interpretation of Tung-shan Shou-ch'u's utterance as sesame rather than the usual translation of flax, see the note to Dogen's reference to it in Tenzokyokun in Leighton and Okumura, Dogen's Pure Standards for the Zen Community, P. Writing. 56. This story appears, for example, in case 12 of Write report Hekiganroku and in case 18 of Mumonkan . See Thomas Cleary and J.C. Cleary, trans. The Blue Cliff Record (Boston: Shambhala, 1977), pp. 81-87; and Koun Yamada, Gateless Gate (Los Angeles: Center Publications, 1967), pp. Writing Essays Strategies. 96-99.

[15] See Burton Watson, The Lotus Sutra, p. 45; Hurvitz, Scripture of the thesis report meaning Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma, p. Dissertation Kokoo. 45; Kato, Tamura, and Miyasaka, The Threefold Lotus Sutra, p. 74. [16] William LaFleur, The Karma of Words: Buddhism and the Literary Arts in Medieval Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983), p. Write Meaning. 87. [17] Hurvitz, Scripture of the Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma, pp. 29-30. [18] LaFleur, The Karma of Words, p. 87. [19] Jacqueline Stone, Original Enlightenment and Group jira, the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism, p. 14. [20] See Norman Waddell and Masao Abe, trans. The Heart of Shobogenzo (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002), pp. 59-98. [21] George J. Tanabe, Jr., Myoe the Dreamkeeper: Fantasy and Knowledge in Write thesis report, Early Kamakura Buddhism. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992), p. 9. [24] See Taigen Dan Leighton and Kazuaki Tanahashi, trans.

Within a Dream Expressing a Dream, in Kazuaki Tanahashi, editor, Enlightenment Unfolds: The Essential Teachings of Business articles Zen Master Dogen (Boston: Shambhala, 1999), pp. 165-172. [27] Kazuaki Tanahashi, editor, Moon in a Dewdrop: Writings of Zen Master Dogen (San Francisco: North Point Press, 1985), p. 69. [28] For Myoe's dream journal, and commentary, see Tanabe, Myoe the Dreamkeeper, cited above, and Hayao Kawaii, The Buddhist Priest Myoe: A Life of Dreams, translated with introduction by Mark Unno, (Venice, Ca.: The Lapis Press, 1992). [29] See Bernard Faure, Visions of Power: Imagining Medieval Japanese Buddhism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996). [30] For further discussion of the Write report meaning stereotypical distinctions between Keizan and Dogen, see Faure, Visions of Power, pp. 3-4, 211-215. [31] Tanahashi, Enlightenment Unfolds, pp. 170-171; and Hurvitz, Scripture of the Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma, pp. Kuapa Kokoo. 223-224.

[32] I am indebted for clarification of the difference in Dogen's reading of report this passage, and for kokoo, many other suggestions for this paper, to the kind response commentary of Jan Nattier. [33] Tanahashi, Enlightenment Unfolds, p. 171. [34] The Lotus Sutra includes a number of variations on the full formula for descriptions of buddhas and their buddha-fields parodied by Write meaning Dogen, also including versions in chapter twelve on Devadatta and Law dissertation uk, chapter twenty-three on the Bodhisattva Medicine King. One of the versions closest to the full formula parodied by Dogen is the description of Ananda's prediction in chapter nine. See Hurvitz, Scripture of the Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma, pp. 168-169. [35] Dogen refers frequently to ladles in meaning, Eihei Koroku , used as a term for reliable practice implements, and sometimes for practitioners themselves. For other examples, jodo 219 in 1247 begins, Abundant with ten thousand virtues, the sitting cushions and wooden ladles are dignified. In jodo 320 in 1249, Dogen refers to Shakyamuni himself as, The wooden ladle at Vulture Peak.

[36] Faure, Visions of Power, p. 116. [37] See Thomas Cleary, trans. Book of ghana kokoo day chocolate Serenity (Boston: Shambhala, 1998; originally published by Hudson, N.Y.: Lindisfarne Press, 1990), pp. 332-334. [39] For the iconographic forms of Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva, see Taigen Daniel Leighton, Bodhisattva Archetypes: Classic Buddhist Guides to Awakening and their Modern Expression (New York: Penguin Arkana, 1998), pp.

159-170. [40] Tanahashi, Enlightenment Unfolds, p. 169. [41] See Kato, Tamura, and Miyasaka, The Threefold Lotus Sutra, p. 52. Compared to the Sanskrit original, which simply denotes plural buddhas, Kumarajiva's rendition emphasizes the relational aspect of a buddha together with a buddha. [42] See Tanahashi, Moon in a Dewdrop, pp.

161-167.

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