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Gospel Topics Essay: Translation and Historicity of the Book of Abraham. Note: The Mormon Church began publishing essays on incentive pay chart, a variety of historical and Essay wordpress doctrinal issues. Pay Chart! To see an help with can english, overview of the articles, you can go here: Gospel Topic Essays: Fixing History? In this review of an article titled “Translation and Historicity of the Book of Abraham: A Gospel Topics Essay,” the entire article will be cited (all underlined), with my comments throughout. Here is the 5-part Viewpoint on Mormonism series broadcast during the week of assignment, December 1, 2014: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints embraces the book of Abraham as scripture. Before we go any further, I must comment on service, the word embraces . How can the Mormon Church leaders “embrace” the Book of Abraham? After all, this book in the LDS canon is perhaps the biggest reason church members leave Mormonism. There is plenty of assignment pay chart, evidence to show the Book of Abraham is fraudulent, a false bill of sales, an invitation to join a Ponzi scheme, and so much worse. If the church “embraces” this book, then we must wonder why so very little has been said about proofreading service wordpress it at General Conferences held since the assignment incentive pay chart, 1970s. Rather, I believe this part of essay, LDS scripture is an embarrassment to the church, so don’t be fooled by this statement.

As far as the reference to the “ book” of Abraham, I’m not sure why the small letter “b” is used. The “Book” of Mormon is always capitalized. And although many sources on lds.org don’t capitalize the word “book,” others do. (For example, see here.) It is also capitalized in the explanatory note preceding the book in the LDS canon (“ A Translation of some ancient Records that have fallen into our hands from the catacombs of Egypt. Navy Assignment Incentive! The writings of Abraham while he was in Egypt, called the Book of Abraham, written by his own hand, upon Write for me papyrus.”) The media traditionally capitalize it (i.e. see here and here). Even LDS apologists capitalize it. No explanation is given for making it lowercased, but in this article, I will retain the traditional capitalized “Book” of Abraham and leave the underlined portions intact. This book, a record of the biblical prophet and patriarch Abraham, recounts how Abraham sought the blessings of the priesthood, rejected the idolatry of his father, covenanted with Jehovah, married Sarai, moved to Canaan and Egypt, and received knowledge about the Creation. The book of Abraham largely follows the assignment incentive, biblical narrative but adds important information regarding Abraham’s life and teachings. This isn’t the first time where a church publication lifted the Book of Abraham to a lofty position.

A church manual boasts: The book of Abraham is an evidence of the inspired calling of the Prophet Joseph Smith. It came forth at a time when the study of the ancient Egyptian language and culture was just beginning. Answers Homework! The scholars of the 1800s had scarcely begun to explore the field of incentive, Egyptology, and yet, with no formal training in ancient languages and no knowledge of ancient Egypt (except his work with the Book of homework, Mormon), Joseph Smith began his translation of the ancient manuscripts. Navy Assignment Incentive Pay Chart! His knowledge and How to article review ability came through the power and Navy incentive gift of God, together with his own determination and faith. Academic Help! ( Pearl of Great Price Student Manual Religion 327 , 2000, p. Navy Assignment Incentive! 29). Another one states:

In 1967 eleven fragments of the Joseph Smith papyri were rediscovered by Doctor Aziz S. Atiya, in the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art. Studies of them have confirmed that they are mainly ancient Egyptian funerary texts of the sort commonly buried with royalty and nobility and designed to guide them through their eternal journeyings. This has renewed the proofreading service, question about the connection between the records and the book of Abraham. Joseph Smith did not explain the Navy pay chart, method of translating the book of service wordpress, Abraham, just as he did not explain fully how the Navy incentive pay chart, Book of Mormon was translated. Nevertheless, like the Book of Mormon, the book of Abraham is Dissertation, its own evidence that it came about through the gift and Navy assignment incentive pay chart power of Dissertation public, God ( Church History in the Fulness of Navy, Times: Religion 341-43 , p. 258). According to these manuals, Smith was inspired. Even though these are mainly Egyptian funerary texts and not writings from the patriarch Abraham, the reader is supposed to believe that “the book of Abraham is its own evidence that it came about through the gift and power of God.” So what do we do with the Book of Abraham? There are only two possibilities: 1) Joseph Smith really did receive authentic papyri that contained the Academic help for high, writings of Abraham. 2) Joseph Smith really never had papyri with writings of Abraham.

For the sake of assignment incentive, argument, let’s assume the first possibility is correct and statistical Smith did receive authentic papyri filled with the Navy assignment, words of Abraham. If this is the case, then we still have two more possibilities: 1) Joseph Smith really did know how to translate these Egyptian hieroglyphics and put them into English, which we have today and found in the Book of Abraham. 2) Joseph Smith really did not know how to translate these Egyptian hieroglyphics. If Joseph Smith never had papyri with writings of Abraham, we are left with three possibilities. Service Public! Joseph Smith was. As the Gospel Topics essay explains, the Mormon Church continues to “embrace the book of Abraham as scripture.” In other words, a person must have faith that this book is assignment incentive pay chart, authentic (#1 in the first scenario) and translatable by the hand of Joseph Smith (#1 in the second scenario).

If the second possibility in either scenario is Dissertation public, correct, then the Book of Abraham is not what it is touted to assignment be by LDS Church leaders. The book of evaluation, Abraham was first published in Navy assignment incentive pay chart, 1842 and was canonized as part of the Pearl of Great Price in 1880. The book originated with Egyptian papyri that Joseph Smith translated beginning in Write an assignment for me, 1835. Many people saw the papyri, but no eyewitness account of the translation survives, making it impossible to reconstruct the process. Assignment Pay Chart! Only small fragments of the long papyrus scrolls once in Joseph Smith’s possession exist today. The relationship between those fragments and the text we have today is largely a matter of help can english, conjecture. Let’s provide a little background.

In July 1835 Joseph Smith met a traveling showman by the name of Navy incentive pay chart, Michael H. Chandler who was displaying four Egyptian mummies in Kirtland, Ohio. Along with the mummies, Chandler possessed two rolls of papyri that contained a number of hieroglyphics, which he sold to the Mormons for $2,400. The next day, Smith proclaimed that the manuscripts were actually written by none other than two Old Testament patriarchs: I commenced the translation of some of the characters or hieroglyphics, and much to our joy found that one of the rolls contained the writings of Abraham, another the writings of Joseph of Egypt, etc. ( History of the Church, 2:235–36.) To stumble on with accounting, such an incredible find was, in itself, an incentive, amazing stroke of what Mormons would view as divine providence. Imagine for a moment what a discovery this would be if, in fact, Smith had really come across the writings of statistical, Abraham and Joseph. They would be priceless, predating the Book of assignment incentive pay chart, Genesis by about five hundred years. If, as some LDS leaders believed, the Book of for me, Abraham was actually written by the patriarch himself, they would be the only autograph manuscripts of assignment, biblical personalities currently available. For example, President Wilford Woodruff said,

The Lord is Blessing Joseph with Power to reveal mysteries of the for me, kingdom of Navy assignment pay chart, God; to translate through the How to write review essay, urim and Thummim Ancient records Hyeroglyphics as old as Abraham or Adam. Navy! . . Communication! . Joseph the Seer has presented us some of the Book of Abraham which was written by his own hand but hid from the knowledged of man for the last four thousand years. . . . (Susan Staker, ed., Waiting for World’s End: The Diaries of Wilford Woodruff (Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books, 1993), 50-51. Ellipsis and spelling in original. For more information on this topic, see here.) Of the two papyri, Smith chose to focus on the one he claimed was written by the patriarch Abraham, who, according to the text, supposedly held the priesthood well before it was even formulated by God in the days of the Levites. Assignment! In 1842 the Mormon periodical Times and Seasons printed everything that Smith was able to translate until that time. These were the proofreading, 1 March, 15 March, and 16 May 1842 issues of the Times and Seasons.

Circumstances would prohibit him from “translating” the rest of the Book of Abraham papyrus or the other papyrus that he called the Book of Joseph. Navy Pay Chart! In 1851 Smith’s uncompleted translation was published as a part of the Pearl of Great Price . Homework Communication! This was canonized in 1880, thus elevating the Book of Abraham to the level of LDS scripture. One of the major doctrines emanating from the Book of Abraham is the assignment incentive, “curse of Cain.” Abraham 1:21-26 states, Now this king of Egypt was a descendant from the loins of Ham, and was a partaker of the blood of the Canaanites by birth. From this descent sprang all the Egyptians, and thus the blood of the Canaanites was preserved in an assignment evaluation, the land. The land of Egypt being first discovered by a woman, who was the daughter of Ham, and the daughter of Egyptus, which in the Chaldean signifies Egypt, which signifies that which is forbidden; When this woman discovered the Navy assignment, land it was under water, who afterward settled her sons in help for high students, it; and Navy incentive pay chart thus, from Ham, sprang that race which preserved the curse in the land. Write Article Essay! Now the first government of Egypt was established by Pharaoh, the eldest son of Egyptus, the assignment incentive, daughter of Ham, and accounting homework can english it was after the manner of the government of Ham, which was patriarchal. Assignment Incentive Pay Chart! Pharaoh, being a righteous man, established his kingdom and homework communication judged his people wisely and justly all his days, seeking earnestly to imitate that order established by the fathers in the first generations, in the days of the first patriarchal reign, even in the reign of Adam, and also of Noah, his father, who blessed him with the blessings of the Navy incentive pay chart, earth, and with the blessings of wisdom, but cursed him as pertaining to the Priesthood. Smith used this passage in 1836 to claim that those with African heritage had inherited this “curse,” the impetus for the later ban of Blacks from the LDS priesthood. It wasn’t until 1978 when this stringent ban was lifted. Today, however, no changes have been made to this portion of students journals, LDS scripture and the entire book remains in the standard works canon.

In 1966, eleven pieces of Smith’s original papyri were discovered in the Metropolitan Museum in New York, which were later turned over to the LDS Church. This discovery would be a major blow to the idea that the incentive pay chart, Book of Abraham should be considered authentic scripture from the patriarch. Thus, the Gospel Topics essay says that ““only small fragments of the long papyrus scrolls once in Joseph Smith’s possession exist today” and Need with can english that there is a large segment of the scroll now missing. Such an assertion is simply not true. Egyptologists have said that, if anything is missing, it is a minute fraction. When Smith’s “translation” of the Egyptian hieroglyphics is assignment incentive, considered, we can see that he had no clue as to what he was doing. For instance, he took one backwards E letter—which, in the Egyptian, was part of a series of Answers business communication, letters that mean “pool”—and turned this letter into 73 words (Abraham 1:13-14). In fact, this practice was common throughout his “translation.” Charles Larson states, On some occasions Joseph Smith separated a single Egyptian word to Navy incentive derive characters for his “translation,” while at other times he combined more than one Egyptian word into a single set of characters. In all cases his translation attributes a far more complex explanation to the Egyptian letters and words of service, Papyrus Joseph Smith XI than do professional Egyptologists, and Smith ascribes meanings to words which are totally unrelated to their actual denotation. Thus, Joseph Smith’s “translation” is completely incorrect in assignment incentive pay chart, both method and content. Proofreading Service Wordpress! ( By His Own Hand Upon Papyrus , 96)

The content of the writing is not even close to what Smith “translates,” a fact offered by David Persuitte: Papyrus No. XI and its associated pieces were actually a version of what is called the Egyptian “Book of Breathings,” or a “Breathing Permit.” The papyri upon which it is found are sometimes called “Sen-Sen” papyri because of the Egyptian word for “breathing,” which occurs frequently in the text. The Book of Breathings represents an attempt by the Egyptians to consolidate those elements of their beliefs that were essential parts of Navy assignment pay chart, their funeral rites. It was, in short, a sort of talisman that was buried with the Write, dead to assure their well-being in the afterlife. ( Joseph Smith and the Origins of the Book of Mormon , 292). According to Dr. Robert Ritner from the University of Chicago, the Book of Breathings is, for all intents and purposes, intact; there are no substantial missing pieces. He stated, Assuming no reason that this particular Book of Breathings scroll must be expanded much beyond the surviving length, I have now read the entire document from the beginning to the end and have made up what one could make out on the poor copy of the final vignette.

The most that is missing from assignment incentive, this text is simply two columns of Egyptian hieratic and possibly a small vignette, but other than that there would be nothing more that would inflate its current length other than its current size. It is both unprecedented and unreasonable to assume that an intrusive text about a completely different matter, a narrative history about Abraham and his descendants, would have been inserted into a document whose beginning, middle, and end is Answers business, devoted specifically to the resurrection of an Egyptian priest. Pay Chart! It would disrupt the service public, document and have nothing to incentive do with this content. Answers Business! ( The Lost Book of Abraham , quoted at 40 minutes) I’ll quote Dr. Ritner elsewhere in Navy assignment incentive, this paper, as he is an Egyptologist who is most willing to talk about this specific Book of Abraham issue. As a scholar, he is not very impressed with the scholarship of the Mormon community, and the Gospel Topics essay did not convince him that the Book of Abraham is proofreading, authentic. Navy! In a review of the essay called “A Response to ‘Translation and Historicity of the Book of Abraham,'” Dr. Ritner wrote: The recent web posting on the Book of Abraham by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- Day Saints (hereafter the write, LDS church) represents new reflection on a document whose authenticity as verifiable history is pay chart, now officially acknowledged to be in serious dispute. Thus the position paper concludes with a concession by noting (unnamed) modern scholarly opposition to the Book of Abraham, followed by a defense against any such scholarly debate: “The veracity and value of the book of Abraham cannot be settled by scholarly debate concerning the book’s translation and business historicity.” Rather, the truth of the book is sought in ways that cannot be verified externally, relying exclusively upon traditional faith: “a careful study of its teachings, sincere prayer, and the confirmation of the Spirit.”

Such a declaration may seem reasonable to those already predisposed to accept it, but on closer reading, the LDS church posting suggests discomfort with its own conclusions and reasoning. Not a single opposing scholar is Navy assignment, mentioned by name, nor are their reasons for rejecting the Book of Abraham. Yet the LDS paper attempts to engage in scholarly debate from a one-sided position, repeatedly citing in the footnotes the same limited set of apologists who are primarily church employees at BYU in Answers homework, Provo. The significance of these apologetic publications will be discussed below. If scholarly dispute over assignment pay chart, translation and historicity is ultimately irrelevant, why bother to devote extended paragraphs to rebuttals of unmentioned objections on “Translation and the Book of Abraham,” “The Papyri,” and “The Book of Abraham and the Ancient World”? According to Dr. Ritner, the “works cited” for this paper is not much different from the LDS scholars who have been attempting to defend their scripture over the years. This makes sense because, most likely, these same scholars are the ones who probably wrote the unattributed Gospel Topics essay in the first place! These Mormon scholars have created a number of theories have been proposed over the years to How to review prop up the efficacy of the Book of Abraham. In fact, consider the “Hidden Meaning” theory, the “Mnemonic Device” theory, the “Any Egyptian Connection” theory, the “Scribes Did It” theory, the “Missing Black and Red Scroll” theory, the “Mistaken Identity” theory, the “Catalyst” Theory, and the “Nobody Really Understands Egyptian Anyway” theory. Some of these “theories” are as far-fetched as Bigfoot eating the Loch Ness Monster.

Not one of these theories has been able to hold up when the evidence is Navy, considered. (See chapter 11 (“The Intellectual Approaches”) in By His Own Hand Upon Papyru s by Charles Larson for explanations of each theory.) Instead of focusing on missing pieces of the Book of Abraham (for which there is little evidence), perhaps LDS scholars and apologists should be dealing with the problems caused by what we is available. Absolutely nothing that we have today provides any support for Smith’s LDS scripture. We do know some things about the translation process. The word translation typically assumes an expert knowledge of multiple languages. Joseph Smith claimed no expertise in any language. He readily acknowledged that he was one of the help with accounting can english, “weak things of the world,” called to Navy speak words sent “from heaven.” Speaking of the Dissertation statistical service, translation of the Book of assignment incentive pay chart, Mormon, the Lord said, “You cannot write that which is sacred save it be given you from me.” The same principle can be applied to the book of Abraham. The Lord did not require Joseph Smith to Essay proofreading service wordpress have knowledge of Egyptian. By the gift and power of God, Joseph received knowledge about the life and teachings of Abraham. The LDS article explains how “Smith claimed no expertise in any language,” including Egyptian. Navy Assignment Incentive Pay Chart! By making this admission, the argument maintains that Smith must have been given divine revelation to Essay wordpress make his Book of Abraham translation.

After all, he had previously done this a few years before with the “reformed Egyptian” text of the Book of Mormon, which he claimed he did “by the gift and power of God.” And voila, here are the same words being used in this essay to show how his divine inspiration (rather than his understanding of Navy incentive, Egyptian hieroglyphics) allowing him to Essay proofreading wordpress make his translation of the Book of Abraham. Is this a coincidence? Hardly. Comparing the Book of Mormon to the Book of Abraham, Christian author H. Michael Marquardt states: Only part of the original 1829 manuscript of the Book of Mormon pages of the incentive pay chart, dictated text is extent. We do not have the write, gold plates to Navy assignment determine how accurate Joseph Smith’s dictation from the service wordpress, Egyptian was. But we do have the assignment pay chart, Egyptian papyri, Joseph Smith’s Egyptian Alphabet, and the Book of Abraham Translation Manuscripts. These later manuscripts together with Joseph Smith’s journal and knowing when his scribes worked with him all place the dictation process in statistical service public, the last half of 1835.

With all of this historical background we have enough information to examine Joseph Smith’s competence with the Navy assignment pay chart, ancient Egyptian language. ( The Rise of Mormonism: 1816-1844 , 407.) Let’s consider how the LDS prophet was able to get away with this ploy. In Smith’s day few people could have been considered experts in the field of Egyptology. The famous Rosetta Stone, currently on display at Write, the British Museum in London, was discovered accidentally in 1799 by Napoleon’s troops in Egypt. A number of scholars worked for years to decipher the stone, which contained hieroglyphic Egyptian, demotic Egyptian, and Greek characters. Finally, Jean Francois Champollion announced his results in 1822. Yet getting this information communicated to a general population would take many years before the pay chart, Information Age took place.

As Dr. Ritner explains: In the 1840s in Essay proofreading service wordpress, the United States, the ancient Egyptian language was virtually unknown. It had only Navy assignment pay chart been to be deciphered in 1822 and that knowledge simply had not crossed the Atlantic. So any interpretation given to an Egyptian document in 1842 or 45 or 50 or even 1860 would have been believable to a general audience. We would have no way of for me evaluation, comparing it with the Navy assignment incentive, actual truth ( The Lost Book of Abraham, 14 minutes in) By 1861, T. Deveria had noted a series of anachronisms and absurdities in Essay proofreading, the supposed translations and woodcut vignettes, and in 1912 a solicitation for professional opinions on the matter drew uniformly derisive assessments from A. H. Navy Incentive! Sayce, W. Academic For High! M. F. Petrie, J. H. Breasted, A. Assignment Pay Chart! C. Mace, J. Write An Assignment For Me! Peters, S. A. B. Mercer, E. Meyer, and F. W. von Bissing Dr. Ritner did an extended study on the different papyri that were discovered in 1967. As far as Facsmilies 1 and 2, he writes: Comparison of the surviving initial vignette of the incentive pay chart, Hor papyrus with Facsimile 1 proves beyond doubt, as the LDS web post agrees, that it was “the vignette that became facsimile 1.” However, neither Facsimile 1 nor 2 is a true copy, and both contain added forgeries, including the human-head and knife of the supposed “idolatrous priest of Elkenah” (Fig. Answers Business Homework Communication! 3 on Facsimile 1) as can be seen in the crude pencil additions to the original papyrus sheet as mounted and “improved” for publication by the LDS church in Navy assignment incentive, 1842.

NOTE: Go here to see an excellent portrayal of statistical service public, Facsimiles 1-3 by Infographics. In a video, he explained, What this document really is is an extended prayer on incentive pay chart, behalf of a deceased Egyptian priest, which begins with an invocation to the god of Answers homework communication, mummification, probably, certainly with a picture of the god of mummification, to ensure the priest’s continued existence into the next world, and then it’s followed by a series of statements where “Oh deified Horus, may you walk as you head down in assignment, life, may your ears function, may your eyes function, may the Need with accounting homework can english, gods receive you.” Long series of invocations on this, essentially assuring that this dead priest is able to function in death as he had in life, but now as part of a company of the ancient Egyptian gods. Abraham is not mentioned once. ( The Lost Book of Abraham video, 38 minutes in) Smith’s papyrus was both torn and assignment pay chart attached to Need help accounting homework can english a backing that held it in place. On the backing someone, possibly Smith, filled in areas that were missing. An examination of assignment, Joseph Smith’s Facsimile No. Wordpress! 1 exposes a number of discrepancies between Smith’s interpretation and that of modern Egyptologists. Smith claimed that the facsimile portrays Abraham lying on an altar. Standing next to him is the idolatrous priest Elkanah who holds a knife in his hand.

Smith claimed that Elkanah was attempting to Navy assignment pay chart offer Abraham as a sacrifice. Below the altar are figures that Smith describes as idolatrous gods. Smith named a bird that hovers above the head of Abraham as the angel of the Lord. Richard A. Parker, once the Need accounting homework can english, chairman of the department of Egyptology at Brown University, disagreed with Smith’s assessment. Navy Pay Chart! He claimed: This is a well-known scene from the Osiris mysteries, with Anubis, the communication, jackal-headed god, on assignment, the left ministering to the dead Osiris on the bier. The pencilled(?) restoration is Write, incorrect. Anubis should be jackal-headed. The left arm of Navy assignment incentive pay chart, Osiris is in reality lying at his side under him.

The apparent upper hand is part of the wing of homework, a second bird which is hovering over the erect phallus of Osiris (now broken away). The second bird is Navy assignment, Isis and she is Essay proofreading service, magically impregnated by the dead Osiris and then later gives birth to Horus who avenges his father and takes over his inheritance. Navy Assignment! The complete bird represents Nephthys, sister to Osiris and Isis. Beneath the bier are the four canopic jars with heads representative of the four sons of Horus, human-headed Imseti, baboon-headed Hapy, jackal-headed Duamutef and falcon-headed Kebehsenuf. (Richard A. Parker, “The Joseph Smith Papyri: A Preliminary Report,” Dialogue 3, no. 2 (summer 1968): 86.) For a comparison of Joseph Smith’s interpretation of Facsimile 1 compared to what it really was, click here. Other problems develop when Facsimile No. Article Review Essay! 2 is considered. This circular drawing supposedly verified the LDS teaching that God lives near a planet called Kolob. Smith also claimed it gave reference to “grand Key-words of the Priesthood.” (Explanation of figure seven opposite Facsimile No. 2.) Key words are an essential part of the LDS temple ceremony.

Speaking specifically about Facsmilie 2, Dr. Ritner states, Facsimile 2 derives from a separate burial, for an individual named Sheshonq. Large portions of this published “facsimile” were improperly inserted from unrelated papyri. All of Smith’s published “explanations” are incorrect, including the lone example defended by the new web posting. According to Egyptologist Stephen E. Incentive! Thompson: Facsimile 2 is a drawing of an Egyptian funerary amulet known as a hypocephalus, which was placed under the head of the mummy and was intended to protect the head of the deceased, provide him with the sun’s life-giving warmth, and to make it possible for him to join the sun god Re in his celestial boat, and thereby insure his continued, pleasant existence in the next life. (Stephen Thompson, “Egyptology and the Book of Mormon,” Dialogue 28, no. 1 (spring 1995): 149–50.)

Thompson went on to say: Concerning Joseph Smith’s interpretations of the figures in this facsimile, it has been stated that “his explanations, are, in general, reasonable in light of modern Egyptological knowledge.” A comparison of statistical service, Smith’s interpretations with current Egyptological scholarship shows that this statement is also incorrect. (Ibid., 150.) For a look at the translation of Facsimilie 2 by Smith versus what the Egyptian really said, click here. And for Facsimile 3, he writes, In Facsimile 3, Smith confuses human and Navy assignment incentive animal heads and evaluation males with females. No amount of special pleading can change the incentive, female “Isis the great, the god’s mother” (Facsimile 3, Fig. 2) into the male “King Pharaoh, whose name is given in the characters above his hand,” as even the LDS author Michael D. Rhodes accepts. Essay Wordpress! Here Smith also misunderstands “Pharaoh” as a personal name rather than a title meaning “king,” so he reads “king king” for a goddess’s name that he claims to Navy have understood on the papyrus!

For a look at Facsimile 3, click here. When the manuscript of the Book of proofreading service, Abraham became available in the 1960s, scholars were now able to investigate whether or not Joseph Smith was indeed a prophet inspired by God with the ability to translate another language. As it turns out, Smith had no clue about the Egyptian language. Marquardt writes, Joseph Smith’s work on assignment, his Book of Abraham Egyptian alphabet, seven years later shows that he could not understand or interpret documents written anciently. For Me! From examinations done by Egyptologists, their studies show that Smith had not the slightest idea what the Egyptian characters meant relating to Navy incentive pay chart names, places, and subject matter. These manuscript pages clearly show that Joseph Smith pretended to proofreading service translate Egyptian records. Pay Chart! The claim that they had been written by the biblical Abraham is without a solid foundation. The manuscript pages show that Smith used the Dissertation public, Bible like he did when he dictated the pay chart, Book of Mormon text. ( The Rise of Mormonism: 1816-1844 , 406.) Egyptologists are unanimous that Smith’s “translation” was inaccurate and that his source was, in fact, of pagan origin, having nothing to do with the patriarch Abraham. As Charles Larson explains,

Based on comparisons of the Metropolitan papyri to every available resource, including descriptions contemporary with Joseph Smith of the service wordpress, so-called Abraham and Joseph scrolls, as well as to pay chart a number of original translation manuscripts and other notes of the time, the papyrus scroll Joseph Smith represented as containing “the writings of Abraham” was shown to be merely a common pagan funeral papyrus of late date known as the Book of Breathings. The scroll thought to contain the “writings of article review, Joseph of Egypt” was also identified as a typical late copy of the Egyptian Book of the Bead, which had been prepared for a woman named Ta-shert-Min. Neither scroll ever had anything to do with the biblical patriarchs Abraham or Joseph, except in the mind of Navy assignment incentive pay chart, Joseph Smith. How To Write Review Essay! ( By His Own Hand Upon Papyrus , 173-74.) He also wrote on page 175: Not a single word, thought, or concept from Joseph Smith’s Book of Abraham, including his explanations of his three facsimiles, is in any way related to the subject matter of the common Egyptian funeral texts from which they were supposedly translated. Dr. Lanny Bell, who teaches Egyptology at Brown University, adds, From the evidence we have today, it’s quite safe to say that Joseph Smith did not have the Book of Abraham or the Book of Joseph in incentive, front of him in the form of Answers, these papyri because they bear no relationship to the context of these stories or his translation. Their findings are exactly the same as the Navy, research given by Egyptologists going back to the 19 th century, including Dr. A. H. Sayce (Oxford University), Dr.

W.M. Flinders Petrie (London University), Dr. James H. Breasted (University of Chicago), Dr. Arthur C. Mace (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York), Dr. John Peters (University of Pennsylvania), Dr. Write For Me Evaluation! Edward Meyer (University of Berlin), Dr. Navy Incentive Pay Chart! Freidrick Freiheer Von Bissing (University of Munich), and Dissertation service public Dr. Samnuel A. B. Mercer (Western Theological Seminary). (For these quotes, see What Every Mormon (and Non-Mormon) Should Know , written by Edmond C. Gruss and incentive pay chart Lane A. Thuet, pp. Write An Assignment For Me Evaluation! 162-164.) In fact, we know of no reputable Egyptologist (outside of the LDS Church’s John Gee) who has accepted Smith’s translation.

On many particulars, the Navy assignment incentive, book of Abraham is accounting homework can english, consistent with historical knowledge about the Navy assignment, ancient world. Some of this knowledge, which is discussed later in this essay, had not yet been discovered or was not well known in 1842. Essay Proofreading Service Wordpress! But even this evidence of ancient origins, substantial though it may be, cannot prove the assignment, truthfulness of the book of Dissertation public, Abraham any more than archaeological evidence can prove the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt or the Navy assignment incentive, Resurrection of the Answers communication, Son of God. The book of Abraham’s status as scripture ultimately rests on incentive, faith in the saving truths found within the book itself as witnessed by the Holy Ghost. This claim is very similar to one made in a 2000 church manual: The Prophet Joseph Smith never communicated his method of translating these records. As with all other scriptures, a testimony of the truthfulness of these writing is primarily a matter of faith. The greatest evidence of the truthfulness of the book of Abraham is not found in an analysis of physical evidence nor historical back­ground, but in prayerful consideration of wordpress, its contents and power. Assignment! ( The Pearl of Great Price Student Manual – Religion 327 , 2000, p. 28).

Ahh, so here we have it. Apparently a Mormon is encouraged to disregard any evidence that might weigh against the Book of Abraham. Let’s take the Dissertation statistical service public, examples given in the essay regarding archaeological evidence: Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt: Of course, we have no archaeological evidence from the Navy pay chart, Exodus, nor would we expect to find anything. Academic School Students Journals! After all, the people of Israel were nomads for 40 years and did not build anything. Nothing will ever be found to support this biblical story. It’s interesting that this example is used. Navy Assignment! New evidence continually comes up in the Holy Land to support the story of the Bible. (For examples of evidence found in 2013, see here.) It is possible to visit Jericho, Ai, Caesarea, and Bet Shean to get an idea of what took place thousands of years ago. Certainly an element of faith is needed to Essay wordpress accept the events and people talked about in the Bible, but the historical/archaeological evidence is a huge support. Incentive! In fact, there is service public, much more to support the Bible than the Book of Mormon, for that matter! The Resurrection: Talk about evidence!

According to Paul in the fifteenth chapter of 1 Corinthians: 3 For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures; 4 And that he was buried, and that he rose again the assignment incentive, third day according to the scriptures: 5 And that he was seen of Cephas, then of the service, twelve: 6 After that, he was seen of pay chart, above five hundred brethren at once; of whom the greater part remain unto this present, but some are fallen asleep. 7 After that, he was seen of James; then of Essay proofreading service wordpress, all the apostles. 8 And last of all he was seen of me also, as of one born out of due time. There is good historical evidence for the resurrection.

Of course, it still takes faith. But the leap of faith is a jump into the light, not the darkness. Navy Pay Chart! (For a fuller depiction of reasons why a person should believe in the resurrection, click here.) These cases are much different from the faith a person must have to believe in Dissertation statistical public, the Book of Abraham, for which the evidence screams “fraud” rather than lending support to incentive its veracity. The Bible is very clear that we must “test everything” (1 Thess. 5:21). Indeed, we are supposed to “test the spirits to see if they are true for review essay many false prophets have gone out into the world” (1 John 4:1). Jesus described in Navy assignment pay chart, the Sermon on Write an assignment evaluation, the Mount how there are many false prophets masquerading as sheep when they are really ravenous wolves. When the Bereans tested what Paul taught them in Acts 17, they were considered nobler than the Thessalonians because they went to scripture to ascertain truth. To suggest, as this essay seems to do, that the facts ought to take a back seat to faith is Navy incentive pay chart, flawed, no matter how spiritual a Mormon may think it sounds. At this point, I want to bring something up about the language. The Jews in those days spoke Hebrew.

There is no evidence a Jew ever wrote using Egyptian hieroglyphics. Public! It would seem that Moses—who authored the Pentateuch—is the assignment pay chart, more likely candidate to help students journals have written in Egyptian since he grew up in Navy incentive, the palace of Pharaoh! Of course, Abraham did travel to Egypt, as recorded in Genesis chapter 12, and Write evaluation even stayed there for a short time. Incentive! But this was not the business homework communication, land of his friends and family. Instead, it was a place where, according to Abraham 1:5, “the worshiping of the gods of the heathen” was common. Thus, a Mormon needs to assignment ask why Abraham would have written in for high school, a non-native language and style (hieroglyphics) belonging to Navy assignment pagans who worshiped other gods.

It is also curious that, just by Need with can english, chance, these very words of Abraham found their way to Navy assignment incentive pay chart Kirtland, Ohio, and into the hands of a man who just so happened had the ability to “translate” them. Yet the English of the Book of Abraham is completely out of context with the Egyptian style. Dr. Ritner explains that the “translation” provided by Smith is just like trying to mix Chinese and Need with accounting homework Ethiopian: The narrative style of the Book of Abraham does not correspond to incentive Egyptian verbiage. It’s not the kind of statistical public, thing Egyptians would say, they wouldn’t say it in that way, and it certainly would never appear in that way in a context such as this. It couldn’t possibly be more out of place. ( The Lost Book of Abraham , 40 minutes in)

We’ll consider more details that are detrimental to the Book of Abraham, and when everything is put together, the chances the Book of Abraham is authentic scripture lands between slim and none. The Book of Abraham as Scripture. Thousands of years ago, the prophet Nephi learned that one purpose of the assignment incentive pay chart, Book of Mormon was to “establish the truth” of the Bible. In a similar way, the book of Abraham supports, expands, and clarifies the biblical account of Abraham’s life. In the biblical account, God covenants with Abraham to “make of thee a great nation.” The book of Abraham provides context for that covenant by showing that Abraham was a seeker of “great knowledge” and a “follower of righteousness” who chose the right path in spite of great hardship. He rejected the wickedness of Academic, his father’s household and spurned the idols of the surrounding culture, despite the threat of death. In the Bible, God’s covenant with Abraham appears to incentive pay chart begin during Abraham’s life. According to the book of Abraham, the covenant began before the foundation of the How to write article, earth and was passed down through Adam, Noah, and other prophets. Abraham thus takes his place in a long line of prophets and Navy assignment incentive patriarchs whose mission is to service preserve and extend God’s covenant on earth.

The heart of this covenant is the priesthood, through which “the blessings of salvation, even of life eternal” are conveyed. In order to believe that we have new things to learn about Abraham, a person must trust that this book is true. To get to this point, Joseph Smith must be trusted. When we look at the life of the Mormon founder, doubts should be placed in our minds. The book of Abraham clarifies several teachings that are obscure in the Bible. Life did not begin at birth, as is commonly believed. Prior to Navy incentive coming to earth, individuals existed as spirits. In a vision, Abraham saw that one of the spirits was “like unto God.” This divine being, Jesus Christ, led other spirits in organizing the for me evaluation, earth out of Navy pay chart, “materials” or preexisting matter, not ex nihilo or out of nothing, as many Christians later came to believe. Abraham further learned that mortal life was crucial to the plan of happiness God would provide for His children: “We will prove them herewith,” God stated, “to see if they will do all things whatsoever the Lord their God shall command them,” adding a promise to add glory forever upon the faithful.

Nowhere in the Bible is the purpose and potential of earth life stated so clearly as in the book of Abraham. A quick scan through the third chapter of the Book of Abraham (where the information from this part of the essay came) can easily show how Joseph Smith merely took verses from other parts of the Old Testament and restated them here. Writes Marquardt, While dictating the Book of Abraham (what is now chapter 2) Joseph Smith used the KJV Genesis as a guide and text for part of his story. The actual wording in the story suggests the use of Genesis in composing this work. This would indicate that the wording dictated was basically a copying effort of a preestablished text. At times he revised the How to review essay, KVV text to make it an incentive pay chart, autobiographical account by Abraham. The wording as printed in the KJV was used as part of the text Abraham supposedly wrote by his own hand. Help School Journals! It is clear that Joseph Smith had the Bible open to the book of Genesis as he dictated this section of the Book of Abraham. ( The Rise of Mormonism: 1816-1844 , 402.) If a plagiarist wanted to make his writing sound biblical, what would keep him from copying key phrases and ideas from the book already in his hands?

Consider, for example, the Navy, following: 2:11: “And I will bless them that bless thee, and curse them that curse thee.” (Compare Genesis 12:3.) 3:11: “ Thus I, Abraham, talked with the Lord, face to review face, as one man talketh with another; and he told me of the works which his hands had made.” Compare with Exodus 33:11 and Numbers 12:8. 3:14: “And it was in the night time when the Lord spake these words unto me: I will multiply thee, and thy seed after thee, like unto these; and if thou canst count the number of Navy assignment, sands, so shall be the number of wordpress, thy seeds.” Compare with Genesis 22:17. 3:23: “And God saw these souls that they were good, and he stood in assignment incentive, the midst of them, and he said: These I will make my rulers; for he stood among those that were spirits, and he saw that they were good; and he said unto me: Abraham, thou art one of them; thou wast chosen before thou wast born.” Compare with Jeremiah 1:5. 3:27: “And the Lord said: Whom shall I send? And one answered like unto the Answers business homework communication, Son of Man: Here am I, send me. And another answered and said: Here am I, send me. And the Lord said: I will send the first.” Compare with Isaiah 6:8. But there are other odds parts to the Book of Abraham.

For example, in Abraham 1:10, it reads, “Even the thank-offering of a child did the priest of Pharaoh offer upon the altar which stood by the hill called Potiphar’s Hill, at the head of the plain of Navy incentive pay chart, Olishem.” (Also see verse 20.) Potiphar was the husband of the woman who made it look like the biblical Joseph had tried to How to write article essay rape her. This event took place several generations after Abraham. Perhaps this hill could have been named after another “Potiphar.” But I have no doubt that Joseph got this name from the Bible. In Abraham 1:16, it reads, “And his voice was unto me: Abraham, Abraham, behold, my name is Jehovah, and I have heard thee, and have come down to deliver thee, and to take thee away from thy father’s house, and from all thy kinsfolk, into a strange land which thou knowest not of.” And Abraham 2:8 says, “My name is Navy assignment pay chart, Jehovah, and I know the end from the Need with homework can english, beginning; therefore my hand shall be over thee.” It must be understood that Jehovah is an English word. It is not found in pay chart, the Bible, as it is neither Greek or Hebrew.

Rather, the word is a result of Need homework can english, combining the Tetragrammaton (YHWH, a word for “God”) with “Adonai,” a Greek word meaning “Lord.” Combining the vowels from the Navy assignment incentive, Greek and inserting them into the Hebrew YHWH created “Jehovah.” This was done well after the time that both the Bible and the Book of Essay proofreading service wordpress, Abraham were originally written. The Mormon must explain how the made-up English word “Jehovah” get into the Egyptian language when it was not even invented until a thousand years after Christ. In 2:16-17, it reads, “Therefore, eternity was our covering and our rock and our salvation, as we journeyed from Haran by the way of Jershon, to come to the land of Canaan. Navy Assignment Pay Chart! Now I, Abraham, built an altar in the land of Jershon.” However, “Jershon” is a Book of Mormon place name found in Alma 35 and is not mentioned once in the Bible. Write For Me Evaluation! Neither Abraham nor Moses would have had knowledge of New World names. Is this just another way Smith added words he had already created to show that his new revelation added new details and assignment incentive pay chart was somehow necessary as a supplement to Genesis? Abraham 2:22-24 reads: And it came to pass when I was come near to enter into Egypt, the Lord said unto me: Behold, Sarai, thy wife, is a very fair woman to Need with look upon; Therefore it shall come to pass, when the Egyptians shall see her, they will say—She is his wife; and they will kill you, but they will save her alive; therefore see that ye do on this wise: Let her say unto the Egyptians, she is incentive pay chart, thy sister, and statistical thy soul shall live. According to the Book of Abraham, God told Abraham to lie. If true, this leads to two problems: 1) God is culpable of lying because he told someone (Abraham) to do this.

2) This contradicts the biblical version which, for whatever reason, leaves this part out completely. Then, referring to the creation of the world in assignment pay chart, Abraham chapter 4 and 5, Abraham moves to the plural use of “gods” (i.e. “the Gods, organized and for high students formed the heavens and the earth,” “the Spirit of the Gods was brooding upon the face of the waters,” “and they (the Gods) comprehended the light, for it was bright,” “and the Navy pay chart, Gods called the light Day,” and “and the Gods ordered the Essay proofreading wordpress, expanse”), using the plural instead of the singular for the creation of the world. Indeed, the Hebrew “Elohim” is plural, but no reputable translator has ever translated this word as “gods.” When it comes to the last two chapters of the Book of Abraham, nothing is Navy pay chart, unique. In fact, Abraham 4 and Genesis 1 are parallel. The Creation: Comparing Genesis 1 and Abraham 4.

Abraham 4:1: “And then the Lord said: Let us go down. And they went down at the beginning, and they, that is the Gods, organized and formed the proofreading service, heavens and the earth.” Genesis 1:1: “In the beginning God created the heavens and assignment incentive the earth.” Abraham 4:2: “And the earth, after it was formed, was empty and desolate, because they had not formed anything but the earth; and darkness reigned upon the face of the deep, and accounting homework the Spirit of the Gods was brooding upon the face of the waters. Genesis 1:2: “And the Navy assignment, earth was without form, and void; and write article darkness was upon the face of the Navy pay chart, deep. And the school journals, Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.”

Abraham 4:3: “And they (the Gods) said: Let there be light; and there was light.” Genesis 1:3: “And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.” Abraham 4:4: “And they (the Gods) comprehended the light, for it was bright; and Navy assignment incentive pay chart they divided the light, or caused it to be divided, from the darkness.” Genesis 1:4: “ And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the Need help with homework, darkness.” Abraham 4:5: “And the Gods called the light Day, and the darkness they called Night.

And it came to pass that from the assignment incentive, evening until morning they called night; and from the morning until the evening they called day; and this was the first, or the beginning, of that which they called day and night.” Genesis 1:5: “ And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day.” Abraham 4:6: “And the Gods also said: Let there be an expanse in the midst of the waters, and it shall divide the for me, waters from the waters.” Genesis 1:6: “And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.” Abraham 4:7: “And the Gods ordered the expanse, so that it divided the waters which were under the expanse from the waters which were above the expanse; and it was so, even as they ordered.” Genesis 1:7: “ And God made the firmament, and Navy pay chart divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the homework communication, firmament: and it was so.”

Abraham 4:8 “And the Navy incentive, Gods called the expanse, Heaven. And it came to pass that it was from evening until morning that they called night; and Essay service it came to incentive pass that it was from Need accounting can english, morning until evening that they called day; and this was the second time that they called night and day.” Genesis 1:8: “And God called the firmament Heaven. Navy Incentive Pay Chart! And the evening and the morning were the second day.” Abraham 4:9: “And the Gods ordered, saying: Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the earth come up dry; and it was so as they ordered; Genesis 1:9: “And God said, Let the waters under the help homework, heaven be gathered together unto one place, and assignment incentive pay chart let the dry land appear: and it was so.” Abraham 4:10: “And the Gods pronounced the dry land, Earth; and the gathering together of the waters, pronounced they, Great Waters; and the Gods saw that they were obeyed.” Genesis 1:10: “And God called the proofreading wordpress, dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the assignment incentive, waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good.”

Abraham 4:11: “And the Gods said: Let us prepare the earth to bring forth grass; the herb yielding seed; the fruit tree yielding fruit, after his kind, whose seed in itself yieldeth its own likeness upon the earth; and it was so, even as they ordered.” Genesis 1:11: “And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so.” Abraham 4:12: “And the Gods organized the students journals, earth to bring forth grass from Navy incentive, its own seed, and the herb to bring forth herb from its own seed, yielding seed after his kind; and the earth to bring forth the tree from its own seed, yielding fruit, whose seed could only bring forth the same in itself, after his kind; and the Gods saw that they were obeyed.” Genesis 1:12: “And the earth brought forth grass, and Write an assignment herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw that it was good.” Abraham 4:13: “And it came to pass that they numbered the days; from the evening until the morning they called night; and it came to pass, from the morning until the evening they called day; and Navy pay chart it was the third time.” Genesis 1:13: “And the evening and the morning were the third day. Abraham 4:14: “And the Gods organized the lights in the expanse of the heaven, and caused them to Essay proofreading service divide the day from the night; and organized them to assignment pay chart be for signs and for seasons, and for days and for years;” Genesis 1:14: “And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the Need help with homework can english, day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years.” Abraham 4:15: “And organized them to incentive pay chart be for lights in the expanse of the heaven to give light upon the earth; and statistical it was so.” Genesis 1:15: “And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to pay chart give light upon the earth: and it was so.” Abraham 4:16: “And the Write for me, Gods organized the two great lights, the greater light to rule the day, and Navy assignment incentive pay chart the lesser light to rule the night; with the communication, lesser light they set the stars also;”

Genesis 1:16: “And God made two great lights; the assignment incentive pay chart, greater light to rule the day, and Write an assignment evaluation the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also.” Abraham 4:17-18: “And the Gods set them in the expanse of the heavens, to give light upon the earth, and to rule over the day and over the night, and to cause to divide the light from the darkness. And the Gods watched those things which they had ordered until they obeyed.” Genesis 1:17-18: “And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, and to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good.” Abraham 4:19: “And it came to pay chart pass that it was from evening until morning that it was night; and it came to pass that it was from morning until evening that it was day; and Essay service it was the fourth time.” Genesis 1:19: “And the evening and the morning were the incentive pay chart, fourth day.” Abraham 4:20: “And the Gods said: Let us prepare the waters to bring forth abundantly the moving creatures that have life; and the fowl, that they may fly above the earth in the open expanse of help, heaven.” Genesis 1:20: “And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.” Abraham 4:21: “And the Gods prepared the waters that they might bring forth great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters were to bring forth abundantly after their kind; and every winged fowl after their kind.

And the Gods saw that they would be obeyed, and that their plan was good.” Genesis 1:21: “And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good.” Abraham 4:22: “And the assignment incentive, Gods said: We will bless them, and cause them to be fruitful and multiply, and Answers communication fill the waters in the seas or great waters; and cause the assignment incentive, fowl to multiply in the earth.” Genesis 1:22: “And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth.” Abraham 4:23: “And it came to Essay wordpress pass that it was from evening until morning that they called night; and it came to pass that it was from morning until evening that they called day; and incentive it was the fifth time.” Genesis 1:23: “And the evening and the morning were the fifth day.” Abraham 4:24: “And the Gods prepared the earth to bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle and creeping things, and beasts of the earth after their kind; and it was so, as they had said.”

Genesis 1:24: “And God said, Let the earth bring forth the Answers business, living creature after his kind, cattle, and Navy incentive pay chart creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so.” Abraham 4:25: “And the Gods organized the earth to bring forth the beasts after their kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after its kind; and the Gods saw they would obey.” Genesis 1:25: “And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and Academic help for high God saw that it was good.” Abraham 4:26-27: “And the Gods took counsel among themselves and said: Let us go down and assignment incentive pay chart form man in our image, after our likeness; and we will give them dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over review essay, the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. So the Gods went down to organize man in their own image, in the image of the Gods to form they him, male and female to form they them.” Genesis 1:26-27: “And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over Navy assignment pay chart, the cattle, and over business, all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. So God created man in his own image, in Navy incentive pay chart, the image of article, God created he him; male and female created he them.”

Abraham 4:28: “And the Navy assignment incentive, Gods said: We will bless them. And the Gods said: We will cause them to be fruitful and multiply, and replenish the earth, and evaluation subdue it, and to have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over Navy incentive pay chart, every living thing that moveth upon the earth.” Genesis 1:28: “And God blessed them, and homework God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and Navy have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.” Abraham 1:29: “And the Gods said: Behold, we will give them every herb bearing seed that shall come upon the face of all the earth, and every tree which shall have fruit upon it; yea, the fruit of the tree yielding seed to Need with accounting can english them we will give it; it shall be for their meat.” Genesis 1:29: “And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon Navy assignment incentive the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the business homework communication, fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat.” Abraham 4:30: “And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, behold, we will give them life, and also we will give to them every green herb for meat, and all these things shall be thus organized.”

Genesis 1:30: “And to every beast of the earth, and to assignment every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is proofreading wordpress, life, I have given every green herb for incentive pay chart meat: and it was so.” Abraham 4:31: “And the Gods said: We will do everything that we have said, and organize them; and behold, they shall be very obedient. And it came to pass that it was from evening until morning they called night; and it came to Academic for high students pass that it was from Navy, morning until evening that they called day; and help for high school they numbered the sixth time.” Genesis 1:31: “And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. Navy Assignment! And the evening and the morning were the sixth day.” While it’s not “word for word,” Abraham chapter 4 directly correlates with Genesis 1. A coincidence? Obviously not. Essay Proofreading Service Wordpress! Smith was intent on changing the singular God with the Navy, plural “Gods.” And at an assignment for me evaluation, the end of each of the days, he used the same formula. Yet Joseph Smith had a chance to change Genesis 1 in his Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible.

However, even though he “translated” this chapter just a couple years before, he did not use “gods” for “God.” In a single stroke, Smith uses the Book of Abraham to contradict both the Bible and, for that matter, the Book of Mormon (which Smith called “the most correct book on earth”). This change goes against the very teaching of the Pentateuch, as its cornerstone is Deuteronomy 6:4. Called the Shemah, the most important verse in Jewish history clearly states, “Hear O Israel, the Lord thy God, the Lord is one.” Jesus quoted this in Mark 12:29. Literally, it says that God is one essence; there can be no plurality of gods. Navy Assignment Incentive! To believe this is to acquiesce to the pagan gods of the surrounding nations. Throughout the Bible, God is communication, quite adamant that there are “no” gods before or after me” (singular) in assignment incentive, Isaiah 43:10, and in Isaiah 44:6-8, God claims to know of no other gods. Consider Genesis 1:26-27 in relation to Academic for high school Abraham 4:26-27. Bill McKeever explains. how a Mormon must demonstrate that the preincarnate Jehovah had a body of flesh and bones at the time the pay chart, conversation in Genesis 1:26, 27 took place.

Tenth LDS President Joseph Fielding Smith admitted that Jesus “did not always have a tangible body” ( Doctrines of Salvation , 1:11). A statement issued in 1916 by the First Presidency and Council of the Twelve made it clear that, during the preexistence, Christ did not have a tangible body. “In all His dealings with the human family Jesus the Son has represented and yet represents Elohim His Father in power and statistical authority. This is Navy assignment incentive, true of Christ in His preexistent, antemortal, or unembodied state, in the which He was known as Jehovah.” ( Messages of the First Presidency 5:31, 32. Also cited in the Encyclopedia of Mormonism 4:720, emphasis mine.) Speaking in conference in April 1921, Charles W. Penrose noted, “The Holy Ghost is Academic help school students journals, a personage of spirit, as Jesus Christ was when he was Jehovah. He was Jehovah from the beginning of the world, according to the history we have in the Old Testament scriptures. He was a personage of Navy pay chart, spirit, and How to article essay he came here to Navy pay chart the earth that he might be exactly like his brethren and like his Father, and have a body made out of the lower elements of the universe.” ( Conference Report , p.12, emphasis mine). In making a similar distinction between the personages of the LDS godhead, Mormon Apostle Bruce McConkie wrote, “The Holy Ghost has not a body of flesh and bones,’ however, ‘but is a personage of Spirit.’ (DC 130:22.) He is thus a spirit man, a spirit person, a spirit entity. He lives and moves and proofreading has his being separate and apart from his fellow Gods.

His spirit body is in incentive, all respects comparable to the kind of write article essay, a body that the Navy incentive pay chart, Lord Jehovah possessed before that beloved and chosen one made flesh his tabernacle by service, the process of mortal birth.” ( A New Witness for the Articles of Faith , pp.253, 254, emphasis mine.) Notice that these LDS leaders concede that prior to His mortal birth, Jesus was “unembodied” and a “personage of spirit.” This is the key to discovering the error so many Mormons make when it comes to the Genesis passages. According to LDS teaching, Jehovah, the preincarnate Jesus, did not have a body until he became flesh “by the process of mortal birth.” That being so, it is wrong for Mormons to assume that the words “image” and “likeness” refer to flesh and bones since the Mormon “Jehovah” (and Mormon “Holy Ghost”) had no such image or likeness when the conversation in assignment, Genesis 1:26 took place. The Creation: Comparing Genesis 2 with Abraham 5. In the final chapter of the Book of Abraham, an even closer copying of Genesis is made. Consider a verse-by-verse comparison:

Abraham 5:1: “And thus we will finish the Academic help for high school students, heavens and the earth, and all the Navy, hosts of them.” Genesis 2:1: “Thus the heavens and service the earth were finished, and all the host of them.” Abraham 5:2: “And the Gods said among themselves: On the seventh time we will end our work, which we have counseled; and Navy incentive we will rest on the seventh time from all our work which we have counseled.” Genesis 2:2: “And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.” Abraham 5:3: “And the Gods concluded upon an assignment evaluation the seventh time, because that on the seventh time they would rest from all their works which they (the Gods) counseled among themselves to form; and sanctified it. And thus were their decisions at the time that they counseled among themselves to form the heavens and the earth.” Genesis 2:3: “And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made.” Abraham 5:4 And the Gods came down and formed these the generations of the heavens and Navy incentive of the Academic for high students journals, earth, when they were formed in the day that the Gods formed the earth and the heavens, Genesis 2:4: “These are the generations of the heavens and of the Navy pay chart, earth when they were created, in the day that the Lord God made the earth and the heavens,” Abraham 5:5: “According to all that which they had said concerning every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew; for review essay the Gods had not caused it to assignment rain upon the earth when they counseled to do them, and had not formed a man to till the ground.”

Genesis 2:5: “And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and evaluation every herb of the field before it grew: for the Lord God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground.” Abraham 5:6: “But there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground.” Genesis 2:6: “But there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the incentive pay chart, ground.” Abraham 5:7: “And the Gods formed man from the dust of the ground, and took his spirit (that is, the man’s spirit), and put it into business homework communication him; and breathed into assignment pay chart his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living soul.” Genesis 2:7: “And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.” Abraham 5:8: “And the Gods planted a garden, eastward in Need help accounting, Eden, and there they put the assignment pay chart, man, whose spirit they had put into the body which they had formed.” Genesis 2:8: “And the Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and with accounting can english there he put the man whom he had formed.” Abraham 5:8: “And the Gods planted a garden, eastward in Eden, and there they put the man, whose spirit they had put into the body which they had formed. Genesis 2:8: “And the Navy incentive pay chart, Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed.” Abraham 5:9: “And out of the ground made the Gods to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight and good for food; the tree of life, also, in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.” Genesis 2:9: “And out essay of the ground made the Lord God to Navy assignment incentive grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and public good for incentive pay chart food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.”

Abraham 5:10: There was a river running out of Eden, to water the garden, and from thence it was parted and became into Essay proofreading service four heads. Genesis 2:10: “And a river went out of Navy assignment incentive, Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads.” Abraham 5:11: “And the Gods took the Academic help for high, man and put him in the Garden of Eden, to dress it and to keep it.” Genesis 2:15: “And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it.” Abraham 5:12-13: “And the Gods commanded the man, saying: Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat, But of the tree of knowledge of Navy assignment incentive, good and evil, thou shalt not eat of business homework communication, it; for in the assignment pay chart, time that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die.

Now I, Abraham, saw that it was after the for me, Lord’s time, which was after the time of Kolob; for as yet the Gods had not appointed unto Adam his reckoning.” Genesis 2:16-17: “And the Lord God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat: But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of Navy assignment, it: for How to write article review essay in the Navy incentive, day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.” Abraham 5:14: “And the Gods said: Let us make an help meet for the man, for it is not good that the man should be alone, therefore we will form an help meet for him.” Genesis 2:18: “And the help accounting, Lord God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for Navy assignment incentive pay chart him.” Abraham 5:15: “And the Gods caused a deep sleep to fall upon Dissertation public Adam; and he slept, and they took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh in incentive, the stead thereof;” Genesis 2:21: “And the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof;”

Abraham 5:16: “And of the rib which the Gods had taken from man, formed they a woman, and brought her unto the Academic help students, man.” Genesis 2:22: “And the rib, which the Lord God had taken from man, made he a woman, and Navy brought her unto the an assignment for me, man.” Abraham 5:17-18: “And Adam said: This was bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh; now she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of man; Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife, and Navy assignment incentive they shall be one flesh. Genesis 2:23-24: “And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh.” Abraham 5:19: “And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.” Genesis 2:25: “And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.” Abraham 5:20: “And out school students of the ground the Gods formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air, and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them; and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that should be the name thereof.” Genesis 2:19: “And out assignment incentive of the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the homework, field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof.” Abraham 5:21: “And Adam gave names to all cattle, to the fowl of the air, to every beast of the field; and for Adam, there was found an helpmeet for him.” Genesis 2:20: “And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him.”

Considering the parallels between Abraham chapters 3 and 4 and Genesis 1 and 2, it is Navy, obvious that Joseph Smith had his King James Version of the Bible open when making his “translation” of the Book of Abraham. The structure is for high students journals, clearly the Navy incentive pay chart, same, while the main change involves changing the singular “God” into a plurality of gods. Too many questions remain unanswered: If the book of Genesis was really written in Hebrew and the Book of Abraham in Need with, Egyptian, how could the Navy incentive, “translations” be so alike? Why do no competent scholars translate the Hebrew “Elohim” into Essay proofreading the plural “gods”? If the entire text became corrupted, when did it become corrupted? (Note: The Dead Sea Scrolls fragments of Genesis are very close to the Masoretic text (AD 900) and do not lend itself to being translated “gods”) Why does the Book of Mormon—called by Joseph Smith as “the most correct book on earth”—not correspond with such a translation? Because there are so many similarities, “plagiarism” screams out and takes ownership of this situation. Origin of the Book of Abraham.

The powerful truths found in the book of Abraham emerged from a set of unique historical events. Assignment Incentive Pay Chart! In the summer of 1835, an entrepreneur named Michael Chandler arrived at Church headquarters in Kirtland, Ohio, with four mummies and multiple scrolls of papyrus. Chandler found a ready audience. Article Review! Due partly to incentive the exploits of the French emperor Napoleon, the antiquities unearthed in the catacombs of Egypt had created a fascination across the Academic help students journals, Western world. Chandler capitalized on this interest by touring with ancient Egyptian artifacts and charging visitors a fee to Navy pay chart see them. These artifacts had been uncovered by for high students, Antonio Lebolo, a former cavalryman in the Italian army.

Lebolo, who oversaw some of the excavations for the consul general of France, pulled 11 mummies from assignment, a tomb not far from the ancient city of Thebes. Lebolo shipped the artifacts to Italy, and after his death, they ended up in New York. At some point the mummies and scrolls came into Chandler’s possession. By the time the collection arrived in Kirtland, all but four mummies and several papyrus scrolls had already been sold. A group of help school students journals, Latter-day Saints in Kirtland purchased the remaining artifacts for Navy the Church. After Joseph Smith examined the papyri and commenced “the translation of Academic help, some of the characters or hieroglyphics,” his history recounts, “much to our joy [we] found that one of the rolls contained the writings of Abraham.” Translation and the Book of Abraham. Joseph Smith worked on the translation of the Navy pay chart, book of Need help homework, Abraham during the summer and fall of assignment incentive, 1835, by which time he completed at least the first chapter and part of the second chapter. His journal next speaks of business communication, translating the papyri in Navy pay chart, the spring of 1842, after the Saints had relocated to Nauvoo, Illinois. All five chapters of the book of Abraham, along with three illustrations (now known as facsimiles 1, 2, and 3), were published in the Times and Seasons, the Church’s newspaper in Nauvoo, between March and May 1842.

The book of service, Abraham was the last of Joseph Smith’s translation efforts. In these inspired translations, Joseph Smith did not claim to know the ancient languages of the records he was translating. Much like the Book of Mormon, Joseph’s translation of the book of Abraham was recorded in the language of the Navy pay chart, King James Bible. This was the How to write review essay, idiom of scripture familiar to early Latter-day Saints, and its use was consistent with the Lord’s pattern of revealing His truths “after the manner of their [His servants’] language, that they might come to understanding.” A person could make a translation similar to the King James Version of the Bible, but this wouldn’t mean that the words would be (for the most part) word for word from the assignment incentive, translation originally done in 1611. The point made in write article review, the following manual ought to be considered, as the LDS teacher is being instructed how to teach the difficulty of “translating” from one language into another: Write a simple sentence on the board and ask for a volunteer to translate it into any foreign language.

Then ask for a volunteer to translate a more difficult sentence (such as Abraham 1:2). Discuss some of the challenges involved in translating writings from Navy assignment pay chart, one language to for me another. Invite students to look at Abraham Facsimile 1 and ‘translate’ it into a story line, without looking at the explanation below it. ( The Pearl of Great Price Teacher Manual Religion 327 , p. 35). This is exactly right. So here we have two resources: the Bible (Genesis) and the Pearl of Great Price (the Book of Navy assignment incentive pay chart, Abraham). Public! When we compare one translation (from Hebrew to English = Genesis) with another translation (from Egyptian to English = Abraham), we can see that there is much similarity with Abraham 4-5 and Genesis 1-2. For the most part, we can even safely say they use the Navy, same words and is, in many parts, written down word for word. The main difference is Smith uses the service public, plural “gods” for Navy assignment incentive God, but otherwise everything else is the same. How can this be if there are many possible translations from one language to another? Even if the two unique languages (Egyptian and Hebrew) were closely aligned in for high, structure, the odds of having such similar translations are infinitesimally impossible.

Just as we can see in the Book of Mormon’s recitation of the King James Version of the Bible, the Navy, word-for-word copying is obvious. Dissertation Public! There is assignment incentive, no coincidence if plagiarism is involved. Joseph’s translations took a variety of Answers communication, forms. Some of his translations, like that of the Book of Navy incentive, Mormon, utilized ancient documents in his possession. Article Essay! Other times, his translations were not based on any known physical records. Joseph’s translation of portions of the Bible, for example, included restoration of Navy incentive, original text, harmonization of contradictions within the Write, Bible itself, and inspired commentary.

Some Mormons want to distance themselves from assignment incentive pay chart, a literal symbol-by-symbol “translation” of the Book of Abraham. For example, in 1992, two LDS scholars wrote, “Speculation nevertheless persisted as to the process Joseph may have used in translating the book, including the possibility that even if the Write for me evaluation, papyri were not contemporary with Abraham they contained material that, under inspiration, turned Joseph’s mind back to Navy assignment ancient Egypt and opened it to direct revelation on statistical service, the experiences of Abraham. In that case, he may have received these ideas in much the same way he did those of the inspired revision of the Bible. In that instance, acting without original documents, the Prophet’s only claim was that by divine inspiration he was able to replace incorrect with correct ideas and restore the original biblical meaning” (James B. Navy! Allen and Glen M. Leonard, The Story of the Latter-day Saints , 1992, p. 77). Hold on a second. The preface to the Book of Abraham reads, A translation of Dissertation, some ancient records, that have fallen into Navy assignment pay chart our hands—The writings of Abraham while he was in Egypt, called the Book of Abraham, written by help school journals, his own hand, upon papyrus. Navy Assignment Pay Chart! See History of the Church 2:235, 236, 348-35.

Charles Larson makes a good point when he says, All of these records show that he [Smith] intended the text of the Book of Abraham to wordpress be regarded as nothing less than a direct, literal translation , which he had taken from Abraham’s own papyrus record . . . .while Joseph Smith presented himself as able to translate and understand ancient languages, and specifically, while he claimed to have produced the Book of Abraham by translating the ancient Egyptian text from one of his papyrus scrolls, we now know that the Navy, Joseph Smith papyri are in fact pagan Egyptian documents unrelated to the biblical Abraham. Furthermore, if, as the 1992 Encyclopedia of Mormonism maintains, Joseph Smith received the Book of Abraham by revelation, not translation, why did he and his followers pay the enormous sum of $2400—over $28,000 in 1992 U.S. dollars—for pagan Egyptian papyri that have nothing to do with the biblical Abraham? ( By His Own Hand Upon Papyrus , 95) When the word “translation” is used, it infers that it came directly from the original source. If this is not the case, then why did the papyrus need to be found in the first place? If Smith could create the proper translation without the Academic help for high students, actual papyrus (or, for that matter, the gold plates for the Book of Mormon), it seems as if the actual sources just don’t matter. Some evidence suggests that Joseph studied the characters on the Egyptian papyri and attempted to learn the assignment pay chart, Egyptian language. His history reports that, in July 1835, he was “continually engaged in Answers homework, translating an alphabet to the Book of Abraham, and arranging a grammar of the Egyptian language as practiced by Navy assignment incentive, the ancients.” This “grammar,” as it was called, consisted of columns of hieroglyphic characters followed by English translations recorded in a large notebook by Joseph’s scribe, William W. Phelps. Write! Another manuscript, written by Navy assignment incentive, Joseph Smith and Academic help journals Oliver Cowdery, has Egyptian characters followed by explanations. The relationship of these documents to the book of assignment, Abraham is not fully understood. Neither the rules nor the translations in the grammar book correspond to those recognized by Egyptologists today.

Whatever the role of the grammar book, it appears that Joseph Smith began translating portions of the communication, book of assignment, Abraham almost immediately after the purchase of the papyri. Phelps apparently viewed Joseph Smith as uniquely capable of Need help accounting homework, understanding the Egyptian characters: “As no one could translate these writings,” he told his wife, “they were presented to President Smith. He soon knew what they were.” Notice what is said: “Neither the Navy assignment incentive pay chart, rules nor the translations in the grammar book correspond to those recognized by Egyptologists today.” Perhaps the How to write article essay, writer(s) of the pay chart, Gospel Topics essay could have been more clear and stated, “Egyptologists are clueless how Joseph Smith thinks that he actually translated the Book of Abraham from the papyrus he had in front of him.” With a wave of the hand, the writer continues, “Whatever the role of the grammar book…” In essence, the grammar book doesn’t play any role because it was filled with gibberish that nobody in the 1830s could have understood. After all, Egyptology was a new science that didn’t begin until Napoleon’s troops discovered the Rosetta Stone in 1799.

Dr. Ritner explains what he calls the “smoking gun” courtesy of Jerald and wordpress Sandra Tanner of the Utah Lighthouse Ministry: Again in contrast to the new LDS statement, it is not true that “no eyewitness account of the incentive, translation survives.” Smith’s secretary Warren Parrish wrote in an 1838 letter in the Painesville Republican: “I have set (sic) by help students journals, his side and penned down the Egyptian hieroglyphicks (sic) as he claimed to Navy incentive pay chart receive it by direct inspiration from heaven.” Smith’s “divine inspiration” was not, however, divorced from a direct attempt to translate the characters of the Egyptian papyrus, as is clear from surviving manuscript pages of the evolving text of the Book of Abraham. These pages, unmentioned in the new LDS church posting, were published in Dissertation, 1966 in microfilm reproductions and in transcription by Jerald Tanner as Joseph Smith’s Egyptian Alphabet and Grammar, Salt Lake City, Utah Lighthouse Ministry. These microfilm pages are the “smoking gun” evidence that resolves the history of the Navy incentive pay chart, Book of Abraham translation process. In his introduction to the volume, Jerald Tanner records that his Modern Microfilm Co. was contacted “in the early part of 1965” by a student at the Brigham Young University who had a typed copy of the homework communication, “Egyptian Alphabet” hand copies, and Navy assignment incentive pay chart that “later in the year another man loaned us a microfilm of the help homework, original document.” The microfilm reproductions found in the Tanner volume were printed from masters produced “in the Navy incentive pay chart, early part of 1966,” the same year that the Tanner volume was published. The dates of 1965-1966 are significant, because the microfilm edition contains not only the “Egyptian Alphabet,” but the evolving manuscript pages for the future Book of Abraham as well. These pages contain copies of specific Egyptian text from the “Breathing Permit of Hor,” column 2. That section of the papyrus was not reproduced in the Book of Abraham or any other publication until the rediscovery of the Smith papyri in Write an assignment evaluation, New York in 1967 and the publication of sepia photographs in assignment incentive, The Improvement Era in January and February of homework communication, 1968. The copies made in 1965 and 1966, and the 1966 publication by Tanner, cannot then be forgeries since no forger could have had the unknown papyrus as a model to copy. The equation of the Book of Abraham and the “Breathing Permit of Navy assignment, Hor” is thus undeniable, and the source of Smith’s nineteenth century composition is settled. Period.

The Tanner volume that first published these manuscripts is cumbersome to use as it lacks running pagination, but relevant manuscript pages are lettered J through M, with a second series labeled out of order S, R, Q, N, P and O. Exactly like the “Alphabet and Grammar,” the pages include copies of Egyptian script on Essay, the left corresponding to lengthy English on the right. But in these texts, the English is the text of the Book of Abraham as it was being modified and would be published, with obvious deletions and revisions in the handwritten English text. Also unlike the “Alphabet and Grammar” hand copies, the Egyptian script on most of these sheets is Navy assignment, immediately clear and readily translated by modern Egyptologists. Without question, the translation efforts by Smith and his “scribes” were based directly on Smith’s Egyptian papyri. After the Latter-day Saints left Nauvoo, the Egyptian artifacts remained behind. Joseph Smith’s family sold the papyri and the mummies in 1856. Help Homework Can English! The papyri were divided up and sold to various parties; historians believe that most were destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871.

Ten papyrus fragments once in Joseph Smith’s possession ended up in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. In 1967, the museum transferred these fragments to the Church, which subsequently published them in the Church’s magazine, the Improvement Era. The discovery of the papyrus fragments renewed debate about Joseph Smith’s translation. The fragments included one vignette, or illustration, that appears in the book of Abraham as facsimile 1. Long before the fragments were published by the Church, some Egyptologists had said that Joseph Smith’s explanations of the various elements of these facsimiles did not match their own interpretations of these drawings. Joseph Smith had published the facsimiles as freestanding drawings, cut off from the hieroglyphs or hieratic characters that originally surrounded the vignettes. The discovery of the fragments meant that readers could now see the hieroglyphs and characters immediately surrounding the vignette that became facsimile.

None of the characters on the papyrus fragments mentioned Abraham’s name or any of the events recorded in the book of Navy assignment pay chart, Abraham. Statistical Service! Mormon and non-Mormon Egyptologists agree that the characters on the fragments do not match the translation given in the book of Abraham, though there is not unanimity, even among non-Mormon scholars, about the proper interpretation of the vignettes on Navy incentive, these fragments. Answers! Scholars have identified the papyrus fragments as parts of standard funerary texts that were deposited with mummified bodies. These fragments date to between the third century B.C.E. and the first century C.E., long after Abraham lived. Notice the admission: both “Mormon and non-Mormon Egyptologists agree that the characters on Navy assignment incentive, the fragments do not match the translation given in the book of Abraham.” This is quite an admission, saying that Joseph Smith did not a) know Egyptian grammar; b) accurately translate the papyrus. Of course, the fragments do not have to be as old as Abraham for the book of Abraham and its illustrations to be authentic. Ancient records are often transmitted as copies or as copies of service, copies. The record of Abraham could have been edited or redacted by later writers much as the Book of incentive, Mormon prophet-historians Mormon and Moroni revised the writings of earlier peoples. Moreover, documents initially composed for one context can be repackaged for another context or purpose.

Illustrations once connected with Abraham could have either drifted or been dislodged from their original context and reinterpreted hundreds of years later in Dissertation statistical service public, terms of burial practices in a later period of Egyptian history. The opposite could also be true: illustrations with no clear connection to Abraham anciently could, by revelation, shed light on the life and teachings of this prophetic figure. Some have assumed that the hieroglyphs adjacent to and surrounding facsimile 1 must be a source for the text of the Navy, book of Abraham. Business Homework Communication! But this claim rests on Navy incentive, the assumption that a vignette and its adjacent text must be associated in meaning. In fact, it was not uncommon for ancient Egyptian vignettes to be placed some distance from their associated commentary.

Neither the Lord nor Joseph Smith explained the process of translation of the book of Abraham, but some insight can be gained from the Lord’s instructions to Joseph regarding translation. In April 1829, Joseph received a revelation for Oliver Cowdery that taught that both intellectual work and revelation were essential to translating sacred records. Essay Service Wordpress! It was necessary to “study it out in your mind” and then seek spiritual confirmation. Records indicate that Joseph and others studied the papyri and Navy incentive pay chart that close observers also believed that the translation came by revelation. As John Whitmer observed, “Joseph the Seer saw these Record[s] and by the revelation of Dissertation statistical service public, Jesus Christ could translate these records.” Once more, a person’s blind faith is requested. Unfortunately, as the church itself admits, “There are no official Church explanations for the Abraham facsimiles besides the Prophet Joseph Smith’s explanations that accompany them.” ( The Pearl of Great Price Teacher Manual: Religion 327 , 35.) Knowing if it is a book really written by Abraham requires great faith, as a church history manual says that, “like the Book of incentive pay chart, Mormon, the book of Abraham is its own evidence that it came about through the gift and statistical service public power of God.” ( Church History in the Fulness of Time Student Manual Religion 341 -343, 258.) The Mormon is assignment pay chart, instructed to believe the prophet because he says he’s a prophet who 1) saw God; 2) was given the Book of Mormon and Book of Abraham and “translated” these; and 3) received direct revelation from God (DC). The Bible never requires that we have blind faith.

We have evidence to make a wise decision—such as the bodily resurrection (1 Corinthians 15). To believe someone is a prophet who “translated” funeral papyri as originating from the “hand of Abraham”—all because we “study it out” in our minds and seek spiritual confirmation—is foolish. Could Smith be a wolf in sheep’s clothing, as Jesus warned in the Sermon on the Mount? It is likely futile to help school students assess Joseph’s ability to translate papyri when we now have only a fraction of the Navy incentive pay chart, papyri he had in for me, his possession. Eyewitnesses spoke of “a long roll” or multiple “rolls” of papyrus. Since only fragments survive, it is likely that much of the papyri accessible to Joseph when he translated the book of Abraham is assignment, not among these fragments. Accounting Can English! The loss of a significant portion of the papyri means the relationship of the incentive pay chart, papyri to the published text cannot be settled conclusively by reference to proofreading wordpress the papyri.

This same claim has been made by LDS apologists, an incentive, apparent attempt to somehow get the readers to think that, maybe somehow, the crux of the manuscripts are somewhere around. Thus, Mormons wonder if there could have been more that wasn’t found. Was the papyri found in 1967 in Academic school students, a New York museum the same papyri that Smith had in his possession? BYU professor Daniel Peterson wrote: Critics have long attempted to make a case against the Book of Abraham. They argue that some ancient texts do not support the book. They point to the fragments of the Joseph Smith papyri that we now possess and Navy pay chart claim that since the contents of these papyri bear little obvious relationship to the book of Abraham, the book is Write evaluation, a fraud; but Hugh Nibley has made an exhaustive study of these claims and has shown that the papyri we now have were probably not the ones from Navy assignment incentive, which Joseph Smith translated the book of Abraham. Essay! ( Ensign, January 1994): 20.)

Christian researcher Charles Larson challenges this claim: And there could be no question that the Metropolitan papyri were indeed none other than the ones which Joseph Smith had once purchased and used. The reverse sides of the paper to Navy incentive pay chart which they were glued contained such things as architectural drawings of a temple and maps of the Kirtland, Ohio area. (Charles M. Larson, By His Own Hand upon Papyrus (Grand Rapids, MI: Institute for Religious Research, 1992), 36. Could there have been more papyri? In his book Shaken Faith Syndrome , Michael R. Ash writes, It is vital to Answers business understand that we do not have all the papyri that Joseph Smith had when he translated the Book of Navy incentive pay chart, Abraham. Some of the papyri were burned in the Chicago fire and Write an assignment it’s possible that other fragments were lost or destroyed elsewhere. Yale-trained Eypgtologist, Dr.

John Gee, believes that Joseph Smith originally had five papyrus scrolls–one of which was the hydrocephalus. Of these five scrolls, only eleven fragments of two scrolls are extant. (p. 115) Do they really think that more documents (conveniently destroyed, no less) will help their case? And if the other parts of the papyrus were somehow destroyed in pay chart, a fire or lost, why did these survive? Even though it’s extremely unlikely that they are right, it ought to be pointed that what we do have proves Smith to be a fraud. Answers Business! Consider Abraham 1:12, which reads, And it came to pass that the priests laid violence upon me, that they might slay me also, as they did those virgins upon this altar; and that you may have a knowledge of this altar, I will refer you to the representation at the commencement of this record. The figures as depicted in every Book of assignment incentive pay chart, Abraham has this “representation,” and Egyptologists say it’s not even close to what Smith claimed them to be! Referring to this passage from the LDS scripture, Ritner writes,

In addition, Facsimile 1 is Write an assignment, specifically referenced in the text of the Book of Abraham (1:12): “that you may have a knowledge of assignment incentive, this altar, I will refer you to the representation at the commencement of this record.” That initial representation is Fig. 4 of write essay, Facsimile 1: “The altar for sacrifice by the idolatrous priests, standing before the gods of Elkenah, Libnah, Mahmackrah, Korash, and the Pharaoh.” Further links appear in Abraham 1:13-14, which describe the bedstead “altar” and Navy incentive foreign gods (actually canopic jars) in Facsimile 1, Figs. 5-9. From these clear internal references, the Write an assignment evaluation, LDS church is wrong to question whether the vignette/ facsimile “and its adjacent text must be associated in meaning.” It is simply unacceptable to argue, as the new LDS posting does, that Facsimile 1 may not be relevant since “it was not uncommon for ancient Egyptian vignettes to be placed some distance from their associated commentary.” The Abraham text states clearly that the representation was not at some distance, but “at the commencement of this record.” There is Navy assignment incentive pay chart, only one such representation included by Smith “at the commencement” of the Book of Abraham. If he actually knew what he was doing, surely he would have copied the correct illustration (which is keyed perfectly — and repeatedly— to the text). As far as John Gee, Dr. Ritner was his teacher, and he’s not impressed with Gee’s analysis.

Dr. Ritner wrote, With regard to the articles by my former student John Gee, I am constrained to Write for me note that unlike the interaction between Baer and Nibley, and the practice of all my other Egyptology students, Gee never chose to share drafts of his publications with me to elicit scholarly criticism, so that I have encountered these only recently. It must be understood that in these apologetic writings, Gee’s opinions do not necessarily reflect my own, nor the standards of pay chart, Egyptological proof that I required at Yale or Chicago. Alternatively, Joseph’s study of the papyri may have led to a revelation about key events and teachings in the life of Abraham, much as he had earlier received a revelation about the life of Moses while studying the Bible. This view assumes a broader definition of the words translator and translation. According to Need help with accounting this view, Joseph’s translation was not a literal rendering of the papyri as a conventional translation would be. Rather, the physical artifacts provided an occasion for meditation, reflection, and revelation. They catalyzed a process whereby God gave to Joseph Smith a revelation about the life of Abraham, even if that revelation did not directly correlate to the characters on the papyri.

It is obvious why the Mormon Church needs to assignment incentive maintain the Book of Abraham as authentic. As B. H. Roberts noted: . . . if Joseph Smith’s translation of the proofreading wordpress, Egyptian parchment could be discredited, and proven false, then doubt would be thrown also upon the genuineness of his translation of the incentive pay chart, Book of Write for me, Mormon, and thus all pretensions as a translator would be exposed and Navy assignment incentive come to write review naught. (B. H. Roberts, comp., Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 2:138.) When it comes to Smith’s translation, there is incentive pay chart, so much wrong associated with it. Ritner stated, I want to be absolutely clear on this. There simply is no justification for How to article the kind of interpretations that appear in facsimile one or facsimile three. They are wrong with regard to Navy assignment incentive pay chart the hieroglyphs, they are wrong with regard to the gender, they are wrong with regard to the understanding of what the scene actually represents and where they are used in the body of the evaluation, text. They are wrong there as well. In short there is Navy incentive pay chart, no historical validity for the interpretations in that book.

None whatsoever. In an article he states: The text is Answers communication, a formal document or “permit” created by assignment incentive pay chart, Isis and copied by Thoth to assure that the deified Hor regains the ability to breathe and function after death, with full mobility, access to offerings, and all other privileges of the immortal gods. The implications, basic symbolism, and proofreading service intent of the text are certain. There is Navy incentive pay chart, no way that Smith was able to “translate” the Book of Abraham. Everything in it was made up by How to write article essay, him. Dr. Ritner concludes:

With the Book of pay chart, Abraham now confirmed as a perhaps well-meaning, but erroneous invention by Joseph Smith, the LDS church may well devote some reflection to the status of the text. The former Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, since 2001 renamed the Community of Christ, avoids this issue by treating the Book of Abraham as speculative writing by Smith, not as a document of historical truth. In this decision they are clearly correct. Despite its inauthenticity as a genuine historical narrative, the Book of Answers homework, Abraham remains a valuable witness to early American religious history and to the recourse to ancient texts as sources of modern religious faith and Navy incentive speculation. The book still has its uses and significance, but not for the ancient world of Egypt and Abraham.

Feel free to speculate all you want about “missing” pieces, but Smith couldn’t even accurately translate what there was in front of him. Shouldn’t this be a concern for every Latter-day Saint? The Book of Abraham and the Ancient World. A careful study of the book of Abraham provides a better measure of the book’s merits than any hypothesis that treats the text as a conventional translation. Evidence suggests that elements of the book of Abraham fit comfortably in write review, the ancient world and Navy assignment incentive supports the How to write article essay, claim that the book of Navy assignment pay chart, Abraham is an authentic record. A careful study of the Book of How to, Abraham shows that Joseph Smith did not have the ability to read Egyptian hieroglyphics. To suggest that “the elements of the book of Abraham fit comfortably in the ancient world” is assignment pay chart, true, if we consider that this is nothing more than ancient funeral papyri. But to Write say Smith knew how to translate this is just not true at all.

It is very similar to his “translation” of the Book of assignment incentive pay chart, Mormon, as pointed out by evaluation, David Persuitte: Like The Book of Mormon , The Book of assignment, Abraham was the product of an eclectic mind and reflects the beliefs and literature of Joseph’s own time. Moreover, as we shall see, recent findings about Academic help for high school journals The Book of Abraham provide some rather revealing testimony about Navy Joseph’s ability as a translator of unknown languages. If Smith did not know how to Academic school students journals translate the Book of Abraham, a text that is available today, how should the Book of Mormon be perceived today? While the plates of the Book of incentive, Mormon were supposedly returned to the angel Moroni, we do have some characters that supposedly were on the plates. A paper with these characters was delivered to business communication Dr. Anthon Lund by Martin Harris. According to Persuitte, Competent philologist have examined copies of the scrap of paper containing the characters, and they agree that it is not an Egyptian inscription and that it is not written in any other known script. . . . Navy Assignment! Joseph obviously would have known at the time that any scholar that Harris would show the write review essay, characters to would not be able to translate them. ( Joseph Smith and the Origins of the Book of Mormon , p. 73.) As Marquardt points out,

This places the question of incentive pay chart, how reliable his work on the Book of Mormon would be. The Book of Mormon is represented to have been written by the hand of a man named Mormon in a form of Egyptian. Without a working knowledge of the Egyptian language Joseph Smith would have us believe that he could make a correct interpretation of an ancient text. Whatever would come from his mouth as he dictated the Book of Mormon, Egyptian Alphabet, and statistical Book of Navy incentive, Abraham was considered inspired. All indications are that since Smith did not really translate from an ancient language in his work on the Book of Abraham he could not be trusted in an assignment for me evaluation, his earlier dictation, when he reportedly had a record written in the same basic language. The material he produced indicates that he had a vivid and creative imagination as the dictated text to his religious documents shows. ( The Rise of Navy, Mormonism: 1816-1844 , 408) The book of Abraham speaks disapprovingly of human sacrifice offered on an altar in Essay wordpress, Chaldea. Navy Assignment Pay Chart! Some victims were placed on service, the altar as sacrifices because they rejected the idols worshipped by their leaders. Recent scholarship has found instances of such punishment dating to Abraham’s time. Navy Pay Chart! People who challenged the standing religious order, either in article review, Egypt or in Navy incentive, the regions over which it had influence (such as Canaan), could and did suffer execution for their offenses. Write! The conflict over the religion of Pharaoh, as described in assignment incentive, Abraham 1:11–12, is an Dissertation statistical, example of punishment now known to have been meted out during the Navy incentive pay chart, Abrahamic era.

Just because human sacrifice should be considered wrong, certainly from a biblical worldview, does not mean that Smith’s translation is even worth considering. The book of help school journals, Abraham contains other details that are consistent with modern discoveries about the ancient world. Navy Incentive! The book speaks of “the plain of Olishem,” a name not mentioned in the Bible. An ancient inscription, not discovered and translated until the 20th century, mentions a town called “Ulisum,” located in northwestern Syria. Further, Abraham 3:22–23 is written in statistical service public, a poetic structure more characteristic of Near Eastern languages than early American writing style. Abraham 3:22-23 has nothing to do with the Near East. It borrows an idea found in Jeremiah 1:5 (“Abraham, thou art one of them; thou wast chosen before thou wast born”). Contrary to the Bible and assignment incentive the Book of service public, Mormon, the Book of Abraham advocates an ex materia creation (out of already exiting materials).

Joseph Smith’s explanations of the facsimiles of the book of Navy incentive pay chart, Abraham contain additional earmarks of the ancient world. Facsimile 1 and Academic help for high school journals Abraham 1:17 mention the idolatrous god Elkenah. “Elkanah” is plagiarized from the Bible (1 Samuel 1:1; 1 Chronicles 6:23-27, 34-38) and is not unique to the Book of Abraham. Another example of plagiarism from the pen of Joseph Smith. This deity is not mentioned in assignment incentive pay chart, the Bible, yet modern scholars have identified it as being among the gods worshiped by ancient Mesopotamians. Sounds impressive until we understand that the “modern scholars” are all LDS. The footnote to this sentence reads: Kevin L. Students Journals! Barney, “On Elkenah as Canaanite El,” Journal of the Book of Mormon and Other Restoration Scripture 19, no.

1 (2010): 22–35, available at maxwellinstitute.byu.edu; John Gee and Stephen D. Ricks, “Historical Plausibility: The Historicity of the Book of Abraham as a Case Study,” in Historicity and assignment the Latter-day Saint Scriptures, ed. Paul Y. Hoskisson (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 2001), 75. Noticeably missing is any non-LDS Egyptologist agreeing with the LDS interpretation. Joseph Smith represented the four figures in figure 6 of facsimile 2 as “this earth in Answers business homework, its four quarters.” A similar interpretation has been argued by scholars who study identical figures in other ancient Egyptian texts. Incentive Pay Chart! Facsimile 1 contains a crocodile deity swimming in what Joseph Smith called “the firmament over with homework, our heads.” This interpretation makes sense in light of scholarship that identifies Egyptian conceptions of heaven with “a heavenly ocean.” The sources, again, are all LDS. Assignment! No Egyptologist supports such a view. The book of Abraham is consistent with various details found in nonbiblical stories about Abraham that circulated in the ancient world around the time the papyri were likely created. In the book of Abraham, God teaches Abraham about the sun, the moon, and the stars. “I show these things unto thee before ye go into Egypt,” the Lord says, “that ye may declare all these words.” Ancient texts repeatedly refer to Abraham instructing the Egyptians in knowledge of the heavens. For example, Eupolemus, who lived under Egyptian rule in the second century B.C.E., wrote that Abraham taught astronomy and accounting homework can english other sciences to the Egyptian priests.

A third-century papyrus from an Egyptian temple library connects Abraham with an Navy assignment, illustration similar to facsimile 1 in the book of Abraham. A later Egyptian text, discovered in proofreading service, the 20th century, tells how the Pharaoh tried to sacrifice Abraham, only to Navy pay chart be foiled when Abraham was delivered by communication, an angel. Later, according to this text, Abraham taught members of the Pharaoh’s court through astronomy. All these details are found in the book of Abraham. Other details in the book of Abraham are found in ancient traditions located across the Near East. These include Terah, Abraham’s father, being an idolator; a famine striking Abraham’s homeland; Abraham’s familiarity with Egyptian idols; and Abraham’s being younger than 75 years old when he left Haran, as the biblical account states.

Some of these extrabiblical elements were available in apocryphal books or biblical commentaries in Joseph Smith’s lifetime, but others were confined to nonbiblical traditions inaccessible or unknown to 19th-century Americans. Is it possible that a later writer (Smith) included this information that he took from the Bible? For instance, Joshua 24:2 said that Terah “served other gods” and therefore was an idolater. Assignment Incentive Pay Chart! Smith was able to copy this into his “translation.” In fact, the “translator” (Joseph Smith) is Answers homework communication, able to use any information he wants while adding additional details and make it look like he knew what he was talking about. The veracity and Navy value of the book of Abraham cannot be settled by scholarly debate concerning the book’s translation and historicity. The book’s status as scripture lies in the eternal truths it teaches and with the powerful spirit it conveys. The book of Abraham imparts profound truths about the nature of God, His relationship to us as His children, and the purpose of this mortal life.

The truth of the book of Abraham is ultimately found through careful study of its teachings, sincere prayer, and the confirmation of the Spirit. Once more, we’re left with the “faith” card. As Robert Ritner pointed out in his “A Response to ‘Translation. . . of the Book of Abraham,'” Such a declaration [that the veracity of the Book of Abraham is to be found in prayer] may seem reasonable to incentive those already predisposed to accept it, but on closer reading, the Dissertation service public, LDS church posting suggests discomfort with its own conclusions and reasoning. Not a single opposing scholar is mentioned by name, nor are there reasons for rejecting the Book of Abraham. Yet the LDS paper attempts to engage in scholarly debate from a one-sided position, repeatedly citing in incentive pay chart, the footnotes the same limited set of apologists who are primarily church employees at Dissertation statistical public, BYU in assignment incentive, Provo. Everyone is free to believe that Joseph Smith had the ability to translate from the papyri There is, however, absolutely no “veracity and Answers business value of the incentive, book of Abraham.” The evidence points against the claim that he did so.

Much is at stake here for the LDS Church and her apologists. If Smith did not have the academic ability to properly “translate” a common piece of Egyptian funerary papyrus, it would be doubtful that he had the Need with accounting homework can english, translating ability to decipher the “reformed Egyptian” supposedly contained in the Book of Mormon . What Charles Larson wrote in 1985 is true still today: The message coming from LDS spokesmen today appears to be more and more one of accommodation: If facts fail to incentive justify faith (what one wishes to believe), then faith should overrule facts . This sort of thinking is Academic help for high school journals, evasive, and must be set aside if any real reckoning with the facts is to take place. ( By His Own Hands Upon Papyrus , 169, 171) The discovery of the papyri that Smith used for the Book of assignment, Abraham puts serious doubt on Smith’s translating ability and his claim to being a prophet. As Larson puts it, Since the Joseph Smith Papyri have been identified with absolute certainty as prayers to pagan Egyptian gods, it is How to write article review, inconceivable, given God’s holy nature and character as revealed throughout the Bible, that He would associate Himself or His revelation in any way with these pagan religious documents.

Regardless of which of the above views of the Book of assignment incentive, Abraham one holds, it is surely inconceivable that the God of the Bible would compromise his exclusivity as the Essay proofreading service, one, true God by co-mingling His revelation with the idolatrous pagan teachings and rites of Egypt as expressed in the Joseph Smith Papyri. ( By His Own Hand Upon Papyrus , 166) I agree with Sandra Tanner of Utah Lighthouse Ministry when she states, “It is time for the LDS Church to decanonize the incentive, Book of can english, Abraham and admit that it is a product of Joseph Smith’s imagination.” ( Salt Lake City Messenger , October 2014, Issue 123) Come clean now. The sooner, the better. For more information on this topic, we highly recommend checking this article out. In addition, see the DVD titled The Lost Book of Abraham, which can be viewed for free here. (Highly recommended.) The article by Robert Ritner is also worth looking at here. For an excellent rebuttal to arguments made by the LDS apologetic group FAIR, go here.

Books that discuss this topic include: For more responses to the Gospel Topics Essays, click here.

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SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips. The personal statement might just be the hardest part of your college application. Mostly this is because it has the least guidance and is the most open-ended. One way to understand what colleges are looking for when they ask you to write an essay is to check out the essays of students who already got in—college essays that actually worked. Navy Incentive? After all, they must be among the most successful of this weird literary genre. In this article, I’ll go through general guidelines for what makes great college essays great. I've also compiled an enormous list of Write an assignment for me evaluation, 100+ actual sample college essays from 13 different schools. Finally, I’ll break down two of these published college essay examples and explain why and how they work. With links to assignment, 125 full essays and essay excerpts , this article will be a great resource for learning how to Answers homework, craft your own personal college admissions essay! What Excellent College Essays Have in Common. Even though in Navy incentive pay chart many ways these sample college essays are very different from one other, they do share some traits you should try to emulate as you write your own essay.

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If this sounds like you, then please share your story. 7. Share an essay on How to write review any topic of your choice. It can be one you've already written, one that responds to Navy, a different prompt, or one of your own design. These essays are answers to past prompts from either the Common Application or the Universal Application, both of which Johns Hopkins accepts. Essay Examples Published by Other Websites. 7 Common Application essays from applicants admitted to Stanford, Duke, Connecticut College, NYU, Carleton College, Washington University, and the University of Pennsylvania 2 Common Application essays (1st essay, 2nd essay) from applicants admitted to Columbia.

Here is a smaller collection of write review essay, essays that are college-specific, plus 22 essay excerpts that will add fuel to assignment pay chart, your essay-writing fire. The University of Chicago is Dissertation statistical well known for incentive, its off-the-wall, often wacky supplementary essay prompts. These seven sample essays respond to a variety of thought-provoking questions. Sometimes it's helpful to see how others managed to Write an assignment for me, get over the difficult first-line hump. We're guessing all these monkeys would write different first sentences. Analyzing Great Common App Essays that Worked. I've picked out two essays from the examples collected above to examine in more depth so that you can know exactly what makes a successful college essay work. Full credit for these essays goes to assignment, the original authors and the schools that published them.

Example #1: Breaking Into Cars, by statistical service Stephen, Johns Hopkins Class of assignment, '19 (Common App Essay, 636 words long) I had never broken into a car before. We were in Laredo, having just finished our first day at a Habitat for Academic for high journals, Humanity work site. The Hotchkiss volunteers had already left, off to enjoy some Texas BBQ, leaving me behind with the Navy, college kids to clean up. Not until we were stranded did we realize we were locked out Write an assignment evaluation, of the van. Someone picked a coat hanger out of the dumpster, handed it to me, and Navy assignment incentive took a few steps back. “Can you do that thing with a coat hanger to unlock it?” “Why me?” I thought. More out of amusement than optimism, I gave it a try.

I slid the hanger into the window’s seal like I’d seen on crime shows, and spent a few minutes jiggling the apparatus around the inside of the frame. Need Help Accounting Homework? Suddenly, two things simultaneously clicked. Navy Assignment Incentive? One was the lock on the door. (I actually succeeded in springing it.) The other was the realization that I’d been in school journals this type of situation before. Navy Assignment? In fact, I’d been born into this type of situation. My upbringing has numbed me to unpredictability and Write for me chaos. With a family of seven, my home was loud, messy, and spottily supervised. My siblings arguing, the dog barking, the phone ringing—all meant my house was functioning normally. My Dad, a retired Navy pilot, was away half the Navy, time. When he was home, he had a parenting style something like a drill sergeant. At the age of nine, I learned how to Need help with homework can english, clear burning oil from the incentive pay chart, surface of homework, water. My Dad considered this a critical life skill—you know, in case my aircraft carrier should ever get torpedoed. Navy Assignment Incentive? “The water’s on fire!

Clear a hole!” he shouted, tossing me in the lake without warning. While I’m still unconvinced about that particular lesson’s practicality, my Dad’s overarching message is unequivocally true: much of life is Answers homework unexpected, and you have to deal with the twists and assignment incentive turns. Living in my family, days rarely unfolded as planned. Write An Assignment For Me Evaluation? A bit overlooked, a little pushed around, I learned to roll with reality, negotiate a quick deal, and assignment give the improbable a try. I don’t sweat the small stuff, and I definitely don’t expect perfect fairness. Answers Homework Communication? So what if our dining room table only has six chairs for Navy assignment incentive, seven people?

Someone learns the importance of punctuality every night. But more than punctuality and a special affinity for musical chairs, my family life has taught me to thrive in situations over which I have no power. Growing up, I never controlled my older siblings, but I learned how to thwart their attempts to control me. I forged alliances, and realigned them as necessary. Sometimes, I was the Need with homework can english, poor, defenseless little brother; sometimes I was the omniscient elder. Different things to different people, as the situation demanded. Navy Assignment Pay Chart? I learned to adapt. Back then, these techniques were merely reactions undertaken to ensure my survival. Write? But one day this fall, Dr. Hicks, our Head of School, asked me a question that he hoped all seniors would reflect on throughout the year: “How can I participate in a thing I do not govern, in the company of people I did not choose?”

The question caught me off guard, much like the incentive pay chart, question posed to me in Laredo. Then, I realized I knew the answer. Business Communication? I knew why the coat hanger had been handed to me. Growing up as the middle child in my family, I was a vital participant in a thing I did not govern, in the company of people I did not choose. It’s family. It’s society. And often, it’s chaos. Navy Assignment? You participate by letting go of the Essay service, small stuff, not expecting order and perfection, and facing the unexpected with confidence, optimism, and preparedness.

My family experience taught me to face a serendipitous world with confidence. It's very helpful to take writing apart in order to see just how it accomplishes its objectives. Stephen's essay is very effective. Let's find out why! An Opening Line That Draws You In.

I had never broken into a car before. In just eight words, we get: scene-setting (he is standing next to a car about to break in), the idea of crossing a boundary (he is maybe about to do an illegal thing for the first time), and a cliffhanger (we are thinking: is he going to get caught? Is he headed for a life of crime? Is he about to be scared straight?). We were in assignment pay chart Laredo, having just finished our first day at a Habitat for Humanity work site.

The Hotchkiss volunteers had already left, off to Answers, enjoy some Texas BBQ, leaving me behind with the college kids to clean up. Not until we were stranded did we realize we were locked out of the van. Someone picked a coat hanger out Navy, of the dumpster, handed it to me, and took a few steps back. “Can you do that thing with a coat hanger to unlock it?” “Why me?” I thought. More out of amusement than optimism, I gave it a try. Service? I slid the hanger into the window’s seal like I’d seen on crime shows, and spent a few minutes jiggling the Navy, apparatus around the inside of the frame. It’s the details that really make this small experience come alive. An Assignment Evaluation? Notice how whenever he can, Stephen uses a more specific, descriptive word in place of a more generic one. The volunteers aren’t going to get food or dinner; they’re going for “Texas BBQ.” The coat hanger comes from “a dumpster.” Stephen doesn’t just move the coat hanger—he “jiggles” it. Details also help us visualize the pay chart, emotions of the people in the scene.

The person who hands Stephen the coat hanger isn’t just uncomfortable or nervous; he “takes a few steps back”—a description of movement that conveys feelings. Help With Can English? Finally, the detail of actual speech makes the Navy assignment incentive, scene pop. Proofreading? Instead of Navy incentive, writing that the other guy asked him to for me evaluation, unlock the van, Stephen has the guy actually say his own words in a way that sounds like a teenager talking. Coat hangers: not just for crows' nests any more! (Gotz/Wikimedia) Turning a Specific Incident Into a Deeper Insight. Suddenly, two things simultaneously clicked. One was the lock on the door. (I actually succeeded in springing it.) The other was the realization that I’d been in this type of situation before.

In fact, I’d been born into this type of incentive, situation. Not only does Stephen make the locked car experience a meaningful illustration of how he has learned to be resourceful and proofreading service ready for anything, but he also makes this turn from the specific to the broad through an elegant play on the two meanings of the word “click.” Using Concrete Examples When Making Abstract Claims. My upbringing has numbed me to unpredictability and chaos. Navy Incentive? With a family of seven, my home was loud, messy, and spottily supervised. My siblings arguing, the dog barking, the phone ringing—all meant my house was functioning normally. “Unpredictability and chaos” are very abstract, not easily visualized concepts. Not only Answers business communication that, but they could mean any number of things—violence, abandonment, poverty, mental instability. By instantly following up with highly finite and unambiguous illustrations like “family of assignment, seven” and “siblings arguing, the dog barking, the Academic journals, phone ringing,” Stephen grounds the abstraction in something that is easy to picture: a large, noisy family. Using Small Bits of Humor and Casual Word Choice. My Dad, a retired Navy pilot, was away half the time.

When he was home, he had a parenting style something like a drill sergeant. At the age of nine, I learned how to assignment incentive pay chart, clear burning oil from the Write an assignment for me evaluation, surface of water. My Dad considered this a critical life skill—you know, in case my aircraft carrier should ever get torpedoed. Obviously, knowing how to Navy pay chart, clean burning oil is not high on service wordpress the list of assignment incentive, things every 9-year-old needs to know. An Assignment For Me Evaluation? To emphasize this, Stephen uses sarcasm by bringing up a situation that is clearly over-the-top: “in case my aircraft carrier should ever get torpedoed.” The humor also feels relaxed.

Part of this is because he introduces it with the colloquial phrase “you know,” so it sounds like he is Navy assignment incentive pay chart talking to us in person. This approach also diffuses the potential discomfort of the reader with his father’s strictness—since he is making jokes about it, clearly he is help with accounting OK. Notice, though, that this doesn’t occur very much in the essay. This helps keep the tone meaningful and assignment incentive serious rather than flippant. Mr. President? There's been an oil spill!

Then I want our best elementary school students on it, STAT. An Ending That Stretches the with can english, Insight Into the incentive, Future. But one day this fall, Dr. Hicks, our Head of School, asked me a question that he hoped all seniors would reflect on service public throughout the year: “How can I participate in a thing I do not govern, in the company of people I did not choose?” The question caught me off guard, much like the question posed to assignment incentive pay chart, me in Laredo. Then, I realized I knew the answer. I knew why the service wordpress, coat hanger had been handed to me.

Growing up as the middle child in my family, I was a vital participant in a thing I did not govern, in the company of people I did not choose. It’s family. Assignment Pay Chart? It’s society. And often, it’s chaos. You participate by letting go of the small stuff, not expecting order and for high school students perfection, and facing the unexpected with confidence, optimism, and preparedness. My family experience taught me to face a serendipitous world with confidence. The ending of the Navy pay chart, essay reveals that Stephen’s life has been one long preparation for the future. He has emerged from chaos and his dad’s approach to parenting as a person who can thrive in a world that he can’t control.

This connection of Academic students journals, past experience to Navy incentive, current maturity and self-knowledge is a key element in all successful personal essays. Colleges are very much looking for mature, self-aware applicants. These are the qualities of successful college students, who will be able to navigate the independence college classes require and the responsibility and quasi-adulthood of college life. What Could This Essay Do Even Better? Even the best essays aren't perfect, and even the world's greatest writers will tell you that writing is never finished—just due. Essay Service Wordpress? So what would we tweak in this essay if we could? Replace some of the cliched language. Stephen uses handy phrases like twists and turns and incentive pay chart don’t sweat the small stuff as a kind of an assignment, shorthand for explaining his relationship to chaos and Navy assignment pay chart unpredictability.

But using too many of these ready-made expressions runs the risk of clouding out your own voice and replacing it with something expected and boring. Use another example from recent life. Dissertation Statistical Public? Stephen's first example (breaking into the van in Laredo) is a great illustration of being resourceful in an unexpected situation. But his essay also emphasizes that he learned to adapt by being different things to different people. It would be great to see how this plays out outside his family, either in the situation in Laredo or another context. Example #2: By Bridget Collins, Tufts Class of '19 (Common App Essay, 608 words long) I have always loved riding in cars. After a long day in Navy first grade, I used to with accounting, fall asleep to incentive pay chart, the engine purring in with accounting homework my mother's Honda Odyssey, even though it was only a 5-minute drive home. As I grew, and graduated into the shotgun seat, it became natural and enjoyable to look out the window. Seeing my world passing by through that smudged glass, I would daydream what I could do with it. In elementary school, I already knew my career path: I was going to be Emperor of the World.

While I sat in the car and watched the miles pass by, I developed the plan for my empire. I reasoned that, for the world to run smoothly, it would have to look presentable. Navy? I would assign people, aptly named Fixer-Uppers, to How to article review essay, fix everything that needed fixing. That old man down the street with chipping paint on his house would have a fresh coat in no time. The boy who accidentally tossed his Frisbee onto the roof of the school would get it back. The big pothole on Elm Street that my mother managed to hit every single day on Navy assignment pay chart the way to school would be filled-in. Need Can English? It made perfect sense! All the pay chart, people that didn't have a job could be Fixer-Uppers. Answers Business? I was like a ten-year-old FDR. Seven years down the road, I still take a second glance at the sidewalk cracks and assignment incentive pay chart think of my Fixer-Uppers, but now I'm doing so from the statistical public, driver's seat. As much as I would enjoy it, I now accept that I won't become Emperor of the World, and Navy incentive that the Fixer-Uppers will have to help accounting homework can english, remain in assignment incentive pay chart my car ride imaginings.

Or do they? I always pictured a Fixer-Upper as a smiling man in students an orange T-Shirt. Maybe instead, a Fixer-Upper could be a tall girl with a deep love for Yankee Candles. Maybe it could be me. Bridget the incentive pay chart, Fixer-Upper will be slightly different than the imaginary one who paints houses and fetches Frisbees. I was lucky enough to discover what I am passionate about when I was a freshman in high school. A self-admitted Phys.

Ed. Write For Me Evaluation? addict, I volunteered to help out pay chart, with the Adapted PE class. On my first day, I learned that it was for developmentally-disabled students. To be honest, I was really nervous. I hadn't had too much interaction with special needs students before, and Write for me wasn't sure how to incentive, handle myself around them. Answers Communication? Long story short, I got hooked.

Three years have passed helping out in APE and Navy incentive pay chart eventually becoming a teacher in the Applied Behavior Analysis summer program. I love working with the students and watching them progress. When senior year arrived, college meetings began, and my counselor asked me what I wanted to do for a career, I didn't say Emperor of the World. Instead, I told him I wanted to become a board-certified behavior analyst. Public? A BCBA helps develop learning plans for pay chart, students with autism and other disabilities. Basically, I would get to do what I love for Dissertation, the rest of my life. Navy Assignment Pay Chart? He laughed and told me that it was a nice change that a seventeen-year-old knew so specifically what she wanted to do. I smiled, thanked him, and Dissertation statistical service public left. But it occurred to me that, while my desired occupation was decided, my true goal in life was still to become a Fixer-Upper. Navy Assignment Incentive Pay Chart? So, maybe I'll be like Sue Storm and proofreading her alter-ego, the Invisible Woman.

I'll do one thing during the day, then spend my off-hours helping people where I can. Instead of flying like Sue, though, I'll opt for a nice performance automobile. My childhood self would appreciate that. Bridget takes a somewhat different approach than Stephen, but her essay is just as detailed and engaging. Navy? Let's go through some of the strengths of her essay. A Structure That’s Easy to Follow and Understand. The essay is arranged chronologically.

Bridget starts each paragraph with a clear signpost of where we are in Answers business homework time: Paragraph 1: “after a long day in first grade” Paragraph 2: “in elementary school” Paragraph 3: “seven years down the road” Paragraph 4: “when I was a freshman in high school” Paragraph 5: “when senior year arrived” This keeps the reader oriented without being distracting or gimmicky. I would assign people, aptly named Fixer-Uppers, to fix everything that needed fixing. That old man down the street with chipping paint on his house would have a fresh coat in no time. The boy who accidentally tossed his Frisbee onto the roof of the school would get it back. Seven years down the road, I still take a second glance at the sidewalk cracks and think of my Fixer-Uppers, but now I'm doing so from the Navy assignment incentive pay chart, driver's seat. As much as I would enjoy it, I now accept that I won't become Emperor of the World, and that the Need help accounting, Fixer-Uppers will have to remain in my car ride imaginings.

Or do they? I always pictured a Fixer-Upper as a smiling man in Navy assignment pay chart an orange T-Shirt. Maybe instead, a Fixer-Upper could be a tall girl with a deep love for an assignment, Yankee Candles. Maybe it could be me. I wanted to become a board-certified behavior analyst.

A BCBA helps develop learning plans for Navy incentive pay chart, students with autism and other disabilities. Basically, I would get to do what I love for the rest of my life. …But it occurred to me that, while my desired occupation was decided, my true goal in life was still to become a Fixer-Upper. What makes this essay fun to read is that Bridget takes a child’s idea of a world made better through quasi-magical helpers and turns it into a metaphor for the author’s future aspirations. Journals? It helps that the metaphor is a very clear one: people who work with students with disabilities are making the world better one abstract fix at a time, just like imaginary Fixer-Uppers would make the world better one concrete physical fix at Navy assignment pay chart, a time. Every childhood Fixer-Upper ever. Help? Ask your parents to explain the back row to you. (JD Hancock/Flickr) This essay uses many techniques that make Bridget sound genuine and make the reader feel like we already know her. Technique #1: humor. Notice Bridget's gentle and relaxed humor that lightly mocks her younger self’s grand ambitions (this is different from the more sarcastic kind of humor used by Stephen in the first essay—you could never mistake one writer for the other). In elementary school, I already knew my career path: I was going to be Emperor of the assignment incentive, World. I was like a ten-year-old FDR.

Technique #2: invented terminology. The second technique is the way Bridget coins her own terms, carrying them through the whole essay. Help For High Students Journals? It would be easy enough to simply describe the Navy pay chart, people she imagined in childhood as helpers or assistants, and to Answers business, simply say that as a child she wanted to rule the world. Instead, she invents the capitalized (and thus official-sounding) titles “Fixer-Upper” and “Emperor of the World,” making these childish conceits at once charming and iconic. Incentive? What's also key is that the titles feed into an assignment for me the central metaphor of the essay, which keeps them from sounding like strange quirks that don’t go anywhere. Technique #3: playing with syntax. The third technique is to use sentences of varying length, syntax, and structure. Most of the essay's written in Navy assignment standard English and uses grammatically correct sentences.

However, at key moments, Bridget emphasizes that the an assignment evaluation, reader needs to sit up and pay attention by switching to Navy assignment, short, colloquial, differently punctuated, and sometimes fragmented sentences. The big pothole on Elm Street that my mother managed to hit every single day on the way to evaluation, school would be filled-in. It made perfect sense! All the people that didn't have a job could be Fixer-Uppers. When she is narrating her childhood thought process, the sudden short sentence “It made perfect sense!” (especially its exclamation point) is Navy incentive basically the essay version of drawing a light bulb turning on over someone’s head. As much as I would enjoy it, I now accept that I won't become Emperor of the World, and that the Fixer-Uppers will have to remain in help with can english my car ride imaginings.

Or do they? Similarly, when the essay turns from her childhood imagination to her present-day aspirations, the assignment, turn is marked with “Or do they?”—a tiny and arresting half-sentence question. Maybe instead, a Fixer-Upper could be a tall girl with a deep love for Yankee Candles. An Assignment? Maybe it could be me. The first time when the Navy pay chart, comparison between magical fixer-upper’s and the future disability specialist is made is when Bridget turns her metaphor onto herself. The essay emphasizes the importance of the moment through repetition (two sentences structured similarly, both starting with the word “maybe”) and Need the use of a very short sentence: “Maybe it could be me.” To be honest, I was really nervous.

I hadn't had too much interaction with special needs students before, and wasn't sure how to handle myself around them. Long story short, I got hooked. The last key moment that gets the small-sentence treatment is the Navy incentive pay chart, emotional crux of the essay. Essay Wordpress? As we watch Bridget go from nervously trying to help disabled students to falling in love with this specialty field, she undercuts the potential sappiness of the moment by relying on changed-up sentence length and slang: “Long story short, I got hooked.” The best essays convey emotions just as clearly as this image. What Could This Essay Do Even Better? Bridget's essay is very strong, but there are still a few little things that could be improved. Explain the car connection better.

The essay begins and Navy assignment ends with Bridget's enjoying a car ride, but this doesn't seem to be related either to the Fixer-Upper idea or to her passion for working with special-needs students. It would be great to either connect this into the essay more, or to take it out altogether and help for high create more space for something else. Give more details about being a teacher in the Applied Behavior Analysis summer program. It makes perfect sense that Bridget doesn't want to put her students on display. It would take the Navy assignment, focus off of Answers business homework, her and possibly read as offensive or condescending.

But, rather than saying long story short, maybe she could elaborate on her own feelings here a bit more. Navy Assignment Incentive Pay Chart? What is it about this kind of teaching that she loves? What is she hoping to bring to the lives of her future clients? 3 Essential Tips for Writing Your Own Essay. How can you use this discussion to better your own college essay?

Here are some suggestions for ways to help for high school students journals, use this resource effectively. #1: Take Apart the Other Essays in the Links. As you go through the essays we've compiled for Navy assignment incentive, you above, ask yourself the following questions: Can you explain to yourself (or someone else!) why the opening sentence works well? Look for the essay's detailed personal anecdote. Service Wordpress? What senses is the author describing?

Can you easily picture the scene in your mind's eye? Find the place where this anecdote bridges into a larger insight about the author. How does the essay connect the two? How does the anecdote work as an assignment pay chart, example of the author's characteristic, trait, or skill? Check out the Dissertation service public, essay's tone. If it's funny, can you find the places where the Navy assignment incentive pay chart, humor comes from? If it's sad and moving, can you find the imagery and Dissertation statistical public description of incentive, feelings that make you moved? If it's serious, can you see how word choice adds to this tone?

When you figure out an assignment for me evaluation, how all the cogs fit together, you'll be able to Navy, build your own . Academic Help For High School? um . whatever this is. All of these essays rely on assignment incentive connecting with the reader through a heartfelt, highly descriptive scene from the author's life. It can either be very dramatic (did you survive a plane crash?) or it can be completely mundane (did you finally beat your dad at Write an assignment evaluation, Scrabble?). Navy Assignment Incentive? Either way, it should be personal and revealing about you, your personality, and the way you are now that you are entering the adult world. Let me level with you: the best writing isn't writing at all. It's rewriting. And in order to How to article review essay, have time to rewrite, you have to start way before the Navy pay chart, application deadline. My advice is to write your first draft at least two months before your applications are due. Let it sit for a few days untouched. Then come back to Dissertation statistical, it with fresh eyes and think critically about what you've written. What's extra?

What's missing? What is in pay chart the wrong place? What doesn't make sense? Don't be afraid to take it apart and rearrange sections. Academic Help Journals? Do this several times over, and your essay will be much better for it! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Incentive Pay Chart? Download it for free now: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article!

Anna scored in the 99th percentile on her SATs in high school, and went on to major in English at Princeton and to get her doctorate in English Literature at Columbia. Write Review? She is passionate about incentive pay chart improving student access to service public, higher education. You should definitely follow us on social media. You'll get updates on our latest articles right on incentive your feed. Follow us on all 3 of our social networks: Have any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply! Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section: Series: How to Get to article review, 600 on Each SAT Section:

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Jan 27, 2018 Navy assignment incentive pay chart, buy essay online for cheap -

Dear Resume: You’re Not Fooling Anybody. I wanted to spend some time today talking about an particular irritation that a (un-named) buddy shared with me. After he mentioned it I realized that I also see it all the Navy time, and those that do it probably think that it is helping them out. I think they do it because they realize the number of years of experience they have is Academic help, so important in the business of being a landman. At first I thought that it was a very simple thing, and maybe not worthy of a blog post all its own, but on pay chart, some reflection I think it’s an Essay wordpress, important conversation to Navy assignment pay chart, have. Dissertation Statistical Service? I’m sure I’ll get a few comments at the end of the article on both sides of the Navy assignment pay chart fence. A few examples of things I’ve seen on resumes, cover letters and Essay service, postings from people looking for work: I have ten years of experience in leasing and management. Navy Assignment Incentive? I have seven years of title research experience. I have been in the oil gas industry for over 20 years. Now, as you might guess when you read these examples, these individuals don’t have all of their experience as a land professional in the oil gas business.

The first one was a manufacturing manager, the second did title searches for a mortgage company, and the third was on students journals, pipeline construction crews. Assignment Incentive Pay Chart? While all of Write an assignment evaluation these things may have helped the person develop applicable skills, I feel they are (at a minimum) misrepresenting their level of experience. Assignment Pay Chart? I’m sure that a few of you are saying “Now Randy, it’s not that big of a deal, the experience section of the resume should tell the whole story.” Many times it does. My issue isn’t really with the fact that these folks aren’t telling me up-front with open language about their experience level. My issue is that for many of those who review resumes — it might make them feel like the applicant thinks the reviewer is stupid. Or, at a minimum, that the applicants thinks they are putting a positive spin on their experience – but are really turning off the reviewer. When you use these tools in an assignment evaluation, your resume it can backfire on Navy assignment pay chart, you, like when you go to statistical service, a website and it immediately starts talking to incentive, you or playing music (90% of people will immediately hit the ‘back’ button on their browser).

That isn’t to say that there isn’t a way to spin that experience, so I’ll offer some suggestions as to how I might handle it: For the previous 2 years I have been leasing minerals in Ohio, I leased over 6,000 acres. Prior to that I managed a production facility with 45 employees. That experience will allow me to grow with your brokerage and take on new tasks as I gain experience. I’ve been performing patent to present mineral research for the last 3 years. In the four previous years I worked for a mortgage company clearing title to real estate loans. While the homework communication real estate loans were typically surface title, I do know my way around the assignment pay chart courthouse and have working relationships with several abstract companies in write, the area. I’ve been purchasing rights-of-way for the past 18 months, and for pay chart, the rest of the last twenty years I’ve worked right of way construction projects performing a variety of an assignment evaluation tasks. I’ve found landowners appreciate the incentive fact that I can talk with them about what to expect on their property from a realistic perspective.

Now, if you were the one doing the hiring would you feel better about the first set of examples or the second set? Obviously I’d pick the journals second because I wrote them. What is the take away? Be honest, be truthful, be direct. Navy Incentive Pay Chart? Tell me how you would represent the experience in these examples in the comment section. Why Am I in the Energy Business? Giving Back to the Land Profession. The Young and the Restless: Old Hands vs New Blood. Into the Deep: Who is Academic school students journals, Chesapeake without Aubrey McClendon?

Have You Gone to Work at incentive pay chart 2 AM? Chesapeake CEO Aubrey McClendon Steps Down. Randy is a land consultant with experience in Essay proofreading service wordpress, field and in-house land work, land administration, and software consulting with systems used in the land management business. He is an pay chart, active member of the AAPL, HAPL, and Dissertation statistical service public, NHAPL and is a regular attendee of industry functions. Randy's latest projects have included land data systems integrations, with a focus on Quorum Land System. Click Here to Leave a Comment Below.

We see it so much that I expect it out of non AAPL members, so we usually ask them in the phone interview to tell us about that period the Who What Where Questions. If we don’t get that warm fuzzy from the interview and do not know anyone who knows them to vouch then we will pass. Assignment? Those who do come onboard are highly encouraged to Essay proofreading service, join the AAPL as an affirmation to the code of ethics. I’ve noticed it is becoming more common for brokers (and operators) to require their field people to be AAPL members. Incentive Pay Chart? I don’t see anything wrong with it. I’ve heard it is Need homework, not as common up north in places like Ohio, but I suppose that is a function of time. Thanks for the input! I believe that to Navy assignment pay chart, be correct as well, for for high school, the people we have hired in Ohio many of them coming in were not members however they had verifiable work experience in the area.

After coming on board they joined the AAPL. Joining the AAPL doesn’t automatically give someone ethics. Navy Pay Chart? Agreeing to abide by Academic for high students journals their professional code of ethics as per membership doesn’t mean that they will. If they falsify/mislead in Navy assignment pay chart, a resume, how much will the code mean to them. I have worked very diligently to have my years of experience, one week at a time. (Almost 20) and review, when joining a new broker, they phone interview me. It only Navy pay chart, takes a few minutes of conversation to Essay service wordpress, know that I am for real. You can’t fake that! So the Navy incentive faked resume only works when brokers are in a hiring frenzy and desperate. I agree that those faked resumes fool NO ONE. Thanks for the comment Jenn.

I think that folks with many years of experience really aren’t the help accounting homework can english focus of these “AAPL Membership Required” efforts. It’s for the newer folks that might not really understand what is appropriate to Navy assignment pay chart, do or not do. In addition, it’s good for public relations for an operator to have their field personnel be a member of a professional organization. As independent contractors, we should not even be required to provide a resume or cover letter for proofreading, a new assignment with a broker. When was the last time you asked a mechanic or painter for his resume or a cover letter before you would hire them?

Independent contractors acquire work by recommendations, advertising or previous working relationships. Comments like “I’ve found landowners appreciate the fact that I can talk with them about assignment incentive pay chart what to help with accounting, expect on their property from a realistic perspective” should not be of pay chart interest for a contractual relationship between a broker and sub-broker (contracted Landman). It should be about “if” the communication Independent Contractor can explain what is about happen to the landowners property and how the Landman is going to assignment, go about explaining the review essay procedure. AAPL membership on the other hand should be considered! Using the example above, wouldn’t you feel more comfortable if your mechanic an independent contractor was a member of the Automotive Service Association or your painter was a member of the Painting and Navy assignment incentive pay chart, Decorating Contractors of America or at the very least certified (RL, RPL, CPL)?

We are not employees applying to be hired, we are Independent Contractors looking for work. We have to advertise (sell) our work ethic, products, skills, certifications and use websites (music/talking or not)to get the for high school students journals point across to our market (the placement Broker) JUST as Landman Insider.com and the Brokerage Companies have done in their market. Just an opinion! Thanks for taking the time to respond Hypatia. The only assignment, thing I wouldn’t be in agreement with is for me evaluation, your example about contractors not providing resumes. Car mechanics, for instance, typically provide a warranty. That doesn’t really exist in the field landman world, most field landmen don’t carry their own E#038;O insurance.

I’d submit that some examples of contractors who provide resumes are computer programmers (tech contractors more generally), attorneys (who quite often work on a contract basis), and even geologists. If you have enough experience to make phone calls to movers and shakers and get hired via an informal process you probably don’t need a resume. However, most field landmen don’t have those types of Navy incentive connections and have to Write for me, rely on some amount of canvassing. That means using a resume as part of a larger ‘marketing’ system. Again, thanks for the comment! It let’s me know people are reading, and that’s why I write. If everyone agrees with me then it means I’m being too ‘safe’.

Hey Randy, I liked this. It actually helped me. I have sent out Navy incentive, quite a few resumes and I, for the most part never even get a reply via email, which is puzzling to me as if they are reading the How to write article email why not take the Navy time to at least say, “we do not have a spot right now, we will let you know, even tell me you are not interested” Anyway, that said I see I have been sending the wrong, for the most part, cover letter. I have done this for almost 17 years and I have not worked for Write evaluation, a lot of different brokers as when one job ended I just got sent somewhere else, or my husband would make a couple of calls and off we would go. We are not working the same job now because of the if the job ends in incentive pay chart, one place, the homework other will have a job. Anyway, after all that rambling, this helped. Is the above what people want to read in a cover letter? Or if not I wish someone would post one that they want to see because as I said, I have never had to send resumes, I just went from job to job.

I will put an article on cover letters on my list of aeticles to write. In the meantime, email me a copy of your resume and cover and I will give you a review of it. PS: I also agree,I think all landmen should belong to AAPL. I really do have 25 years of experience and will often put that in the Re: when emailing a resume and in my cover letter, but I can back it up. Yet I still can’t seem to get an interview. Any suggestions?

Do you specify a dayrate in your initial cover letter/resume? Does your resume accurately specify your experience (i.e. Navy? It shouldn’t just say “Joan’s Land Service Company” From 1980 – Current, Performed x,y,z. That isn’t verifiable, or informative information.)? Good article and fresh perspective, Randy. Ms. LaCour invoked some provocative points to the discussion. I believe in professional affiliations, for reasons obvious to me.

However, I understand the thinking of the How to article very independent and to their lack of my goals within the industry. Assignment Incentive Pay Chart? Too, I’ve even heard that affiliating with an organization, like AAPL, leans towards joining a union; that thought alone within the with OG Industry can be a ‘spark’. I haven’t ever really thought of the AAPL as a union, but I can see the thought process. Thanks for the insight. Thank you for the advice on job descriptions with a CV.

I have always had difficult finding my vioce so that I can communicate what I want to say in writing. The examples you provided certainly help me with the structure and purpose of incentive what I am trying to How to write essay, communicate. This is very helpful and I would greatly appreciate a review of assignment pay chart my resume. Wordpress? I’ve even had brokers say they received my resume and would look it over and give me a call today — then I never hear back from them. I believe that it is Navy, all about your resume being on the right desk/inbox at the right time. Timing is very important in help accounting can english, this industry!

Should the cover letter say what our day rate is? I think that is a very fact-specific question and Navy, could go either way. It is really your call. If you are asking for a very above-market rate then your resume better reflect that rate. If you are asking for a below market rate that could also work against you. If you are right in the ‘market rate’ area, it might be unnecessary to accounting homework, even mention it.

Many people would like to incentive pay chart, see it so they know if you are in the ‘ball park’ or not. If you are a little high that isn’t a big deal, if you are $100/day high then you might get thrown out of the pile. Yes Randy, everyone appreciates all your articles and they are good. Write An Assignment Evaluation? I have 2 points on this one I agree with. Incentive? 1)With reference to your comment doing title abstracting as being surface only. That is totally untrue. If you sought to purchase a tract of land, a home or a business, would you feel you had the How to write review right to know both the surface and subsurface estate of the property? Yes, everything that has to Navy pay chart, do with that piece of property has to be reported. If you did not own minerals to the property you sought to purchase and the title company did not report that to you a lawsuit is in help can english, order.

2) As you listing your company’s name and the services that you perform as being incorrect. I disagree. Navy Assignment Incentive Pay Chart? One of the first reasons of business communication “why” you want to do that is you are an independent landman…you own your own business. Assignment Incentive Pay Chart? That is how a business resume is set up. Continually setting up instruments such as a resume like an employee where it lists dates with names of who you did work for only further gives rise the IRS’ possibility of deeming you an employee. The resume should be set up as a business resume and then the reference sheet should be set up with the brokers or other people who have had direct contact with your work product. Hi Lisa, thanks for the comment. Service? Of course you can’t address every single situation in Navy assignment, a ‘generic’ article. Write An Assignment For Me Evaluation? In many states mortgage title does not examine mineral interests, and does not certify it either. I know in Louisiana and incentive pay chart, Texas this is ‘typically’ correct, but other states may have different practices. As to a ‘business resume’, I think your approach is fine if you include a reference sheet showing who you’ve worked for (brokerages, direct contracts with operators, etc) — but most people who use this approach don’t do this.

They just say that Jane Doe worked for JD Research LLC for Need accounting homework can english, 12 years. Again, in my experience, the typical industry standard for field landmen is to list the people they have contracted to and dates. Hi Randy, I have to beg to differ again as to what a title researcher would be required to assignment incentive, obtain in a title search. While emphasis is on the surface estate, in for me evaluation, Texas all minerals are considered a part of the real property and, therefore, must be reported. Incentive? While it is true that it is usually shown as an exception to title on Schedule B to a title policy, it is searched and reported and listed therein. Write An Assignment? Title researchers in their career would also be subjected to many commercial searches which are normally not only full abstracts of title but also include environmental searches on Navy assignment incentive pay chart, the property as well.

The only thing that a title researcher would not encounter in that a landman would do is actually calculate the interest of the mineral owner and prepare the Mineral Owner Report. Here is an Need help with, article by incentive an attorney where it is not only important to report it on the title report, but in the contract of Dissertation statistical service public sale as well. Also in incentive, recent years, with the article review essay mortgage companies having mortgages that require royalties to Navy pay chart, paid over to the mortgage company to reduce the loan amount, it would be imperative for Dissertation public, them to have the knowledge of Navy assignment whether or not the mortgagor has mineral rights or not. You are certainly allowed to disagree Lisa, and I’ll agree to disagree with you on this #128521;