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How to Write a Resume Skills Section. The resume skills section allows you to list, re-iterate, and boston expand upon your skills and abilities that are relevant to the job you are applying for. Research Paper Paper! A well-crafted resume skills section will also help your resume beat Applicant Tracking System (ATS) “resume reading robots”, which is the community service boston first step to getting your application into a hiring manager’s hands. Don’t miss the opportunity to make a powerful skills section that can tip the mistakes in writing research odds in Article your favor — read on in writing papers to learn how. Sometimes referenced as “ Additional Skills ” the Skills Section is where you can list all of Article community service boston, your useful abilities that are not overtly mentioned in the bullet points of the Best college essay 2014 my Work History sections. Here are some samples showing what they look like: Customer Service Resume Skills Section. Laborer Resume Skills Section. As you can see, these all tend to service boston, be brief and to the point. Yet, there is a right way and a wrong way to writing them. Don’t forget your cover letter.

Browse through our library of Cover Letter Samples by Industry. Tips on Adding Additional Skills to Scientific research writing paper, Your Resume. In the Article community service above examples, there are a few similarities to the types of skills that the job seekers listed even though they are going after different positions. A hiring manager is interested in Best college my what relevant skills you have. They do not care about whether or not you came in first place in the hot dog eating contest at the state fair. An IT Industry job seeker should not do this : Leader of a 70 member guild in World of Article service boston, Warcraft for 3 years. Maintained a self-hosted VoIP chat server for 3 years. One of the above skills shows some legitimate tech savvy while the other does not. That’s something that might catch a hiring manager’s eye. Keep your skills targeted toward the job you are applying for.

Even if you have a knack for something that is not directly related to my essay for cheap, the position, as long as it’s relevant it’s worth mentioning . For example, if you are applying for an assistant manager position at a small music shop, it’s perfectly acceptable to mention that you can play guitar. It isn’t directly related to management, but it shows you have knowledge of the industry. Just like discussed in community all of the Resume Genius resume samples, replace nonspecific adjectives with hard numbers. The same goes for how specific you are in regards to software, hardware, and essay 2014 my other tools you are skilled with. Don’t Say: Excellent with foreign languages. Do Say: Fluent in English and Article boston Spanish , and proficient in Write my essay for cheap someone French. Don’t Say: Skilled typist. Do Say: 70WPM typist. You don’t need to Article boston, get overzealous with the specifics, but a couple of details go a long way.

When listing large software suites like Microsoft Office, try to name the individual applications you’re proficient with, such as PowerPoint or Excel when page space is adequate. If you’re only my essay need someone listing 2 or 3 bullet points, this isn’t that big of a deal, but once you start listing more, you want to keep things sensible. For example, keep your computer skills with your computer skills and your speaking and language skills with your speaking and language skills. Experienced graphic artist well versed with Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator Bilingual – Fluent in English and French Proficient with MS Word, Excel, and PowerPoint Charismatic and confident public speaker. Experienced graphic artist well versed with Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator Proficient with MS Word, Excel, and PowerPoint Charismatic and confident public speaker Bilingual – Fluent in English and Article boston French. Also, when possible list the group of skills that are more important to the position that you’re applying for first. Woodlands! You shouldn’t spend too much time debating on the ordering though as per the first tip, they all should be relevant anyway.

Formatting: Additional Skills vs. Article! Technical / Computer Skills. Most job seekers end up choosing a resume template that places their relevant skills closer to the bottom, but for some specific industries listing them at the top is essay 2014, very effective . Take a look at the sample resume for an applicant searching for Article, an IT job: Because an IT job requires an employee to have a base set of skills, the applicant starts off by listing his Technical Skills instead of adding them as Additional Skills towards the end. He also breaks them down by theme, such as what computer networking skills he has and what operating systems he is proficient with, bolding each main general category and then listing each specific skill in its respective category.

Some jobs where using a Technical Skills section instead of an Additional Skills section could be beneficial are: Information Technology Graphic Design Manufacturing Technical Writing Engineering. Regardless of which style of Skills Section you use on your resume, as long as you use relevant, clear, well organized bullet points , you’re sure to impress. Industry-Specific Skills for your Resume. The Best List of Skills For a Resume. Below are the Planning most sought after skills and abilities that employers look for on service a resume. If you can include these abilities on homework help woodlands your resume, you will be sure to Article community, attract their attention.

However, it is not enough to simply list your skills. The bottom line is German homework woodlands, that HR managers want proof. Article! That’s why it is more effective to include examples of research paper writing, how you use your skills rather than merely stating, “Possess great communication skills.” The bottom line is that HR managers want proof. Here is a list of good skills and Article service boston example bullet points to add to your resume: Approach all work activities with deliberate focus to write my essay wikipedia, ensure that each task is completed correctly, efficiently, and effectively. Seek and actively learn new information to Article service boston, keep up to date with new skill requirements and technological innovations. Achieve high levels of multi-tasking ability by remaining focused and goal oriented, completing several tasks simultaneously to my essay for cheap need, reach desired targets. Community Boston! Commended by peers for displaying a good attitude, working hard, and setting and achieving personal goals.

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mla philosophy paper How to Write a Philosophy Paper. Jeff McLaughlin Ph.D. Thompson Rivers University. Part Three of a Three Part Series. MLA Footnotes and community boston Bibliography. The process of writing a good philosophy paper can begin when you are evaluating the works of others; that is, you can learn by example. Unfortunately, for a variety of Common mistakes papers zip reasons, not all ‘classics’ are good candidates for you to follow.

What follows here are just a few suggestions on how to write your own paper. Article Community! Of course, any requirements or recommendations of your Professor will take precedence over these instructions. Although the first thing a reader will see is the title of your essay, the choice of Write for cheap title is perhaps best left for last. This is the case because a title should give an good indication as to the nature of the Article boston work – and you’ll have a better idea of what this is in writing research zip when the paper has been completed. Why should the reader read your paper and not someone else’s? Make the title informative but not too specific – it’s a title, not a wordy thesis statement. Feel free to personalize the title but don’t make it wildly outrageous! Let’s image that you are writing a paper in Epistemology. One possible title would be: Truth Problematic?

Definitely. ‘Truth’ is far too generic, and a bit pompous to boot. Community Service Boston! How about: The Correspondence Theory of Truth . – Better; but it is still too broad and it doesn’t provide the reader with a sense of the Write need someone paper’s purpose. The Correspondence Theory of Truth: A Defense – This is even better as it gives the reader an indication as to what you’re examining and community boston hints at what your point of view will be. Of course, it’s not very sexy but we leave that possibility up to you. Your opening paragraph(s) should set the German help woodlands stage for Article service boston the rest of the paper. You are providing your reader with a contextual roadmap of what they can expect. It provides the reader with some indication as to Scientific research writing why the topic is important, what the general problem is (or has been) and what your general thesis will be. If you have the Article community service space, you may wish to provide a brief glimpse of the main points you will be making- but be careful, you don’t want to research papers spend 1/3 of a short essay just explaining what the essay will be about.

Just like your title, you may want to write the community boston first paragraph last. This is due to the fact that you may not be quite sure what direction the paper will ultimately take and what the Write for cheap someone various arguments will be. Thus, instead of trying to force your paper to comply with the limits that you set out in a poor opening paragraph, just sketch the start of Article service your paper to German help begin with and then jump right into the main text. Of course, the Article service boston creation of an outline prior to this (see ‘How to Plan your Paper )will benefit. Once you’ve written the first draft, then you can go back and tweak the opening paragraph. While the opening sentence of each paragraph should be a new idea or an expansion of a previous one, it must flow naturally from the last sentence of the previous paragraph.

Take care that you don’t jump around from point to help woodlands point without warning the Article community boston reader – otherwise the reader will be lost as to where you are going and what you are trying to accomplish. Of course, there are many different approaches to write your essay, and research paper writing paper sometimes it just becomes a matter of Article community what works best for you, the topic and what your instructor wants. For example, you may want to Common in writing papers zip present the issue, your views, then the possible objections and your responses; or you may wish to develop these things all in tandem. Article Service! That is, present an Can you write, argument and service a possible objection then resolve the criticism and move on. The central sentences of a paragraph will provide details and expand the claim being made while the Scientific final sentence will leave the reader with a strong sense of what this key point is as well as setting up the Article boston next paragraph. Paragraphs should not be overly long however.

As a general rule, stronger arguments should be reserved for later on in your paper. Start with the more fragile or the paper less significant ones first, and community service boston then build up your case. Write For Cheap Need Someone! You don’t want to end on a weak note since the last things you say will be the first things that the reader will remember. Don’t be afraid to community offer an apparent weak point – so long as you are able to recognize that it is a difficulty and are able to essay knees successfully respond to it. For example, let’s say your claim is that ‘any form of euthanasia is immoral and it should never be an service boston, institutionalized practice because physicians are in the business of curing people, not killing them’.

One objection (and there would be many) might be the fact that this blanket prohibition means that there will be people who will be suffering needlessly: “Is it fair to force an your essay knees, elderly woman who is terminally ill to be in a constant state of pain until her death?” To this you might reply that not permitting euthanasia doesn’t mean that we should stop caring for patients. Perhaps a new drug regiment can be put into community practice to ease her pain; perhaps legalization of my essay for cheap medicinal marijuana is needed, and Article community so forth. Your conclusion should pull the pieces of Can you write your paper together for one final ‘send-off’. This is the last chance you have to grab the service boston reader. The conclusion is used to Scientific research paper paper restate your thesis and main arguments with reference to community service the specific concerns of your paper as well as to the general topic. It should complete what you started in such a fashion that the reader can walk away gaining some insight into paper writing what you were trying to do all along. Your paper’s characteristics. Let’s assume you are writing a relatively long argumentative paper . When constructing your paper be sure that:

The course concepts and presentation of others’ views are clear and accurate. You attempt to be original. Any use of others words or ideas directly or indirectly are clearly cited. Article Community Boston! ( see ‘How to cite your sources’ below). The paper has correct spelling, punctuation, diction and is expressed in appropriate formal language including gender-neutral terminology. College My! The paper is well-organized you do not digress. Article Community Boston! This organization is also made clear to the reader. The paper clearly presents the issue it will discuss and selects appropriate aspects of 2014 my that issue for discussion. The paper is not too broad in attempting to Article community boston answer ‘every problem’ but deals with select elements in-depth.

The arguments are presented clearly, logically and understandably. The writer takes a definite position on the issue. The paper gives appropriate and cogent reasons for the position taken. The paper considers the your knees viewpoints of service boston others. The paper gives appropriate reasons for rejecting these views. The paper considers reasonable objections to its own positive argument including any that were presented in class or found in assigned readings. The arguments for rejecting these objections are clear and cogent. How to Cite Your Sources.

MLA Footnotes and Bibliography. Footnotes or endnotes can be used for your essay knees two different purposes. The first is to give information regarding the resource you are citing , the second is to use them for commentary that does not fit in the main body of your paper but is still relevant and Article community service boston worth stating. For example, in a footnote you might provide the my essay wikipedia entire passage that you quoted from or you might make offer a general remark about the author or the source. Many instructors permit inclusion of reference citations within the boston body of the essay.

For example, Dualists, and even Idealists, would dispute the claim of the Reductionists since these two schools of thought maintain that the research paper “mind is not a material thing” ( Wilson , 63). However, I find that in-text citations can interrupt the flow of the essay. If I am thinking about the author’s argument, inserting references can break the visual flow of the argument and, accordingly, my concentration. Also, if the author whom you are citing has more than one article published in Article the same year, this will cause confusion unless you now include part of the Common papers title in your citation (e.g., Wilson, I Know I Left it Somewhere 63). This, in my view, only makes the distraction more pronounced. Given that I often make use of footnotes for both commentary and referencing, I prefer to just use footnotes for everything – but this is Article merely a personal preference . Please check with your instructor to see what format he or she expects. Using footnotes in Modern Language Association style is German help woodlands very easy.

There are only Article boston four components: Author, Title, Publication Information, Page . Here are samples of the commonly used types of sources. Follow each example exactly (i.e., use underlines, italics, commas etc., in the same way). FOOTNOTES OR ENDNOTES. Jack Wilson. Best My! My Mind: I Know I Left it Somewhere around Here . (New York: Wadsworth Publishing, 2001), p. 210. ARTICLE IN ANTHOLOGY. Jane Brill. “Drinking Water Concerns”, in Environmental Problems 3 rd edition. eds., Martin Smith and Article service boston Debra Hans, (Vancouver: Raincoast Sons, 1988), p. 34. ARTICLE IN JOURNAL. Jason Jones. “Righting Wrongs: Utilitarianism and Capital Punishment” in Philosophy and Public Issues . Vol. 12, No. 2. (Jan.-Mar.

2003), p. 111. FURTHER CITATION OF SAME AUTHOR - SAME SOURCE. Wilson . Scientific Research Writing Paper! My Mind: I Know I Left it Somewhere around Here p. 212. Jeff McLaughlin. ‘Philosophy 666 lecture ’. January 7, 2004. Information is the same as above with additional remarks. Community Service! No page reference is required. Note: the first date below refers to when the my essay for cheap someone article was posted or last updated (if known) and the second is when you visited the website. See the MLA Style site http://www.mla.org/style_faq4 for boston other details and other kinds of online sources.

Jeff McLaughlin. “How to Do Philosophy”. home page, May 1999, Visited: 12 June 2002 . http://www.jeffmclaughlin.ca. Put the author’s last name first and your essay knees keep the information the same as above (but drop the parentheses and page references). Church , Jessica . Article Service! Neurology and Personal Awareness . Chicago: New Press, 1993. Some final remarks: Reference numbers are sequentially ordered: 1 ,2,3,4,5,6 etc. Numbers are also superscript (small numbers placed above the text line) [1] All MS Word programs do this automatically.

Long quotes must be separated from the body of your text, indented and single spaced. Quote marks are not used in this case and your knees the passage is service followed with a citation number. For example: In the Write summer of the service boston last year of the great War, men and women back home started to. return to their normal lives. Yet the world was not the same place as it had been. According to the New York Times journalist Jackson Smith:

Although many women began to Write for cheap someone return to their previous lives as homemakers, the few men who were starting to return from the front lines in Europe and the Pacific where discovering that the jobs that they had left years ago had in fact left them. Women had replaced men on the assembly lines and in Article community service boston the factories when there was a shortage of able bodies during the war. These same women were found to be extremely capable workers and the economic situation in North America had changed forever. [2] If you wish to delete some of the German help quoted text because it is irrelevant use three dots … to signify that text is deleted. For example, The original source:

She listed many household appliances including hot water tanks, dishwashers, clothes dryers, television sets that were considered expensive. “She listed many household appliances …that were considered expensive.” If you need to add/change a word (to clarify the meaning of the sentence) or capitalize or remove capitalization from the quote, use square brackets []. Article Community Service Boston! For example, “[The child] listed many household appliances …that were considered expensive. In the following case, the original sentence started with ‘She’ but it is now part of a new sentence: Even though Sarah was still quite young, “[s]he [was able to list] many household appliances …that were considered expensive. Please remember that e.g., ( an abbreviation of the latin ‘ exempli gratia ’ ) is used when you wish to give examples and Common in writing papers zip i.e., (an abbreviation of the latin ‘ id est ’ )is used when you wish to Article community service boston rephrase or clarify the meaning of Planning knees a term in other words . Article Service Boston! For example, “There are many expensive (i.e., cost over your knees $400.00) household appliances, (e.g., television sets and dishwashers)”. Never use ‘I feel’ when you really mean to write: ‘I think’ or ‘I believe’. ‘I feel happy’ is fine, but ‘I feel that truth is Article service a correspondence of German homework how the world really is, with what the person is claiming’ suggests that you have an Article community service, intuition or a ‘gut-reaction’ about what truth is.

You are not going to persuade anyone to accept your views based upon what YOU feel. Besides, feelings are just sensations… In fact, try to avoid using ‘I think’ entirely since first person usage is often redundant. If you write: ‘I think abortion is wrong’, this provides no more information to the reader than stating ‘Abortion is wrong’. Planning Your Essay! The reader already knows that you think abortion is boston wrong, because you’re the author of the essay! There’s no need to remind them of this fact. Moreover, dropping ‘I think’ provides a subtle benefit to your claim. You are trying to homework persuade someone that abortion is wrong, not just that you believe that it is service wrong. To do to the latter is to open yourself up to the obvious rebuttal that ‘what you write may lead you to believe abortion is wrong, but it sure doesn’t convince me.’ Be sure to keep the paper as close to the prescribed length as possible.

Part of the exercise is to see if you can speak intelligently about the topic within the limit set out. If the paper writing paper is too short, you will be almost guaranteed that the topic will not be dealt with appropriately. If the paper is too long, then it is not as concise as it should be. Both of Article service these extremes are subject to Common in writing penalties. Use common sense when putting your presentation together. Buy a stapler tomorrow if you don’t own one. Don’t use that lined or that personalized paper covered in roses that you found in service a drawer because ‘that’s all you had left’. Research Paper! Don’t use odd coloured ink or strange margins or font settings.

Not being professional about how your work looks indicates how much you care or don’t care about what you are doing.

7 Common MBA Essay Questions and How to Tackle Them. There are a handful of business school essay questions that seem to capture the heart and community service boston, imagination of my essay need, many an community boston, MBA program. It seems that, across the board, admissions committees feel these queries offer the best insight into the minds of their applicants. Paper? You are likely to see a version of one or more of these common MBA essay questions on Article community, your b-school application. Help Woodlands? These tips will help you craft the perfect answer. 1. Describe your specific career aspirations and your reason for pursuing an MBA. This may be the most important essay question you tackle. Article Community Service Boston? You must convince the admissions committee that you deserve one of their few, cherished spots. Write For Cheap Need? Reference your background, skills, and career aspirations, demonstrating how this degree is a bridge to the next step in your professional life. Be sure to speak to Article community, how this particular program will help you realize your potential.

It's okay to present modest goals. Deepening your expertise and broadening your perspective are solid reasons for pursuing this degree. If you aspire to lofty goals, like becoming a CEO or starting your own company, be careful to detail a sensible (read: realistic), pragmatic plan. 2. What are your principal interests outside of work or school? What leisure and/or community activities do you particularly enjoy? There's more to b-school than the Write my essay for cheap library. The best programs buzz with the energy of a student body that is talented and creative and bursting with personality.

These students are not just about community service case studies and careers. Describe how you will be a unique addition to the business school community. B-school is also a very social experience. Much of the work is done in groups. Weekends are full of social gatherings or immersion experiences, and the networking you do here will impact the Best rest of your career. Communicate that people, not just your job, are an important part of your life. The admissions committee wants to Article service, know the qualities, attributes and strengths you value in others and hope to embrace. Common In Writing Papers Zip? Drive, discipline and vision are fine examples but try and look beyond these conventional characteristics. Tell a story and provide specific examples. If you choose someone famous (which is fine), remember that you risk being one of many in the pile. Instead, consider a current boss, business associate, or friend.

Know that your choice of person is less important than what you say about him or her. 4. Describe a situation in which you led a team. What challenges did you face, and how did you overcome them? The committee isn't looking to see how you saved the team through your heroic efforts (so put yourself on ego alert). They want to Article boston, see how you helped foster an Scientific research, environment in which everyone contributes, illustrating that the sum is greater than its parts. B-schools like leaders, but they like leaders who can help everyone get along and arrive at a collaborative solution. You should shift gears for Article this question. Almost the college 2014 my entire application process thus far has asked you to showcase me-me-me. Now the focus of community service, your story needs to be on the we and how you made the we happen. 5. Write? Our business school is a diverse environment.

How will your experiences contribute to this? This essay gets at two concerns for the admissions committee: (1) how will you enrich the student body at this school and (2) what is your attitude toward others' diverse backgrounds? Diversity comes in many shapes. If a grandparent or relative is an immigrant to this country, you can discuss the impact of his or her values on your life. Boston? Perhaps you are the first individual in your family to attend college or graduate school. Maybe you are involved in a meaningful or unusual extracurricular activity. Whatever you choose to write, it's vital that you discuss how it contributes to your unique perspective. German Help? 6. Describe a personal achievement that has had a significant impact on your life. Boston? Don't pull your hair out just because you haven't founded a successful start-up or swum across the Common mistakes in writing papers zip English Channel.

Smaller accomplishments with a lot of personal significance are just fine if they demonstrate character, sacrifice, humility, dedication, or perseverance. A good essay describes how you reached a personal objective and what that meant to Article service, you. Maybe you didn't lead a sports team to Best essay my, a victory. Maybe the community service boston victory was that you made it onto the team . 7. Can You Write My Essay? Discuss a non-academic personal failure. What did you learn from the experience? Many applicants make the mistake of answering this question with a failure that is really a positive. Or they never really answer the Article community service question, fearful that any admission of failure will throw their whole candidacy into German jeopardy.

Don't get crafty. You should answer with a genuine mistake that the committee will recognize as authentic. Write about a failure that had some high stakes for you. Demonstrate what you learned from your mistake and how it helped you mature. This is a chance to show b-schools your ability to be honest, show accountability, and Article community service boston, face your failures head-on. Take a GMAT practice test with us under the Planning essay same conditions as the real thing. Article? You'll get a personalized score report highlighting your strengths and areas of improvement. The Staff of Scientific paper, The Princeton Review. Our world-class GMAT prep will get you ready for community test day.

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essay lotus sutra Taigen Dan Leighton. Paper for an academic conference on Discourse and Article community service Rhetoric in the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism Version with full diacritical marks available from Common zip taigendan@earthlink.net. In this essay I will discuss aspects of Zen Master Dogen's appropriation and Article community service boston use of the Lotus Sutra , as it is expressed in his rhetorical style. Dogen quotes the Lotus Sutra (from the Kumarajiva version) far more than any other sutra.[1] This might seem reasonably expectable, since Dogen was first ordained as a monk in the Tendai school, which continued to see the Lotus as the preeminent sutra, even as it incorporated and attempted to synthesize a whole range of Buddhist teachings.

However, while prominent Kamakura innovators, Eisai, Dogen, Honen, Shinran, and Nichiren all had been Tendai monks, they vary greatly in their subsequent application of the Lotus Sutra . The Lotus is the fundamental object of devotion for Scientific writing Nichiren, but is scarcely mentioned explicitly by Shinran (although it might be discerned as part of the community background of Can you write wikipedia, Shin thought). The situation of service boston, Dogen's use of the Lotus Sutra in his teachings is more complex. The Lotus has been commonly perceived as tangential to Dogen, and to Japanese Soto Zen generally. For example, in discussing another great Soto literary figure from the eighteenth century, Ryokan, who also favored the Lotus Sutra , Ryuichi Abe says, Although Ryokan appears to have remained faithful to German help woodlands, the religious ideals of Article, his Soto progenitor Dogen, there was nothing sectarian about Ryokan's Buddhist practice. Among the numerous Buddhist scriptures, the Lotus Sutra popular text not particularly emphasized in German help woodlands, traditional training but the essential scripture of the Tendai and Nichiren schools was by far his favorite.[2] While the Lotus is certainly not nearly as important to Dogen or Soto as it is to Nichiren, Ryokan's great appreciation for it is service revealing of the lingering appropriation of the Lotus Sutra in Soto, an appreciation and usage that does go back to the Japanese Soto founder. Dogen widely cites and interprets many doctrinal elements from the Lotus Sutra in his teachings. Along with his many direct allusions to the parables from the sutra, Dogen frequently refers to specific Lotus teachings. Examples are skillful means ( hoben ); the single cause for Best college essay my buddhas' appearing in the world, i.e. to bring suffering beings onto the path of awakening; and service boston that only a Buddha together with a Buddha can fully fathom the paper fundamental truth. Article Community Boston. While these teachings are not completely unique to the Lotus among Mahayana sutras, Dogen discusses them using direct quotes from the your Lotus Sutra . Dogen also often discusses or critiques teachings commonly linked to Article boston, the Lotus Sutra in Heian and Kamakura Buddhism, such as the importance of fundamental enlightenment (hongaku); and mistakes research papers zip realization of buddhahood in this very body (sokushin jobutsu).[3] Dogen's use of the Lotus Sutra text is community necessarily affected by the contemporary readings of the Lotus in Tendai and other Japanese understandings, a complex subject beyond the write my essay scope for this limited essay to detail.

A discussion of all the numerous direct references to the Lotus Sutra in community service, Dogen's writings is also far beyond the scope of college essay 2014, this essay. Community Service Boston. But to mention briefly one of the Common mistakes in writing research papers zip most prominent examples, in his Shobogenzo essay Hokke-Ten-Hokke The Lotus Dharma Turns the community service boston Lotus Dharma, Dogen discusses and Best elaborates his view of the liberative reality of the phenomenal world, which Dogen interprets as a primary teaching of the Lotus Sutra . Dogen expresses this interpretation in various ways. The Hokke-Ten-Hokke essay begins with the statement that, The contents of the lands in ten directions are the sole existence of the Lotus Dharma.[4] In various writings, Dogen creatively reads and Article boston interprets parts of the Lotus Sutra such as the writing stories in chapters fifteen and sixteen about the underground bodhisattvas immanently present and available for the world, and the inconceivable life-span, and continuing presence in the world, of Shakyamuni Buddha. These are among the Lotus Sutra supports for Article community service boston Dogen's teaching about the active agency of the mistakes papers phenomenal world in the process and practice of Buddhist awakening.[5] This interpretation and appropriation of the Lotus teaching as essentially immanent and located in the phenomenal world is not only important to community service, Dogen's philosophy, but is also relevant to Dogen's style of expression, as will be described in what follows in this essay. In line with Dogen's many references, the Lotus Sutra also retains a significant place in Soto liturgy, albeit far less central than in Nichiren Buddhism. Even today in many Japanese Soto Zen temples, the verse endings to the sutra's chapter sixteen on the Buddha's Inconceivable Life-span (Juryohonge), or to chapter twenty-five on Kannon Bodhisattva (Fumonbonge), are chanted daily. But instead of the Write my essay need sutra's doctrinal or liturgical applications, I will limit the scope of this essay to examining some of the ways in which Dogen's style of discourse and rhetoric, as seen in his Eihei Koroku as well as in Shobogenzo , resonate with his interpretations of aspects of the Lotus Sutra . My point is not at all to community, claim that the Lotus Sutra is the single most important source for Dogen; obviously there are many traditions from essay 2014 which Dogen borrows. Much of the Chinese Ch'an tradition is the central lexicon for Dogen, especially the classical koan literature, as well as closer Tsao-tung lineage forebears such as Hung-chih Cheng-chŸeh and T'ien-t'ung Ju-ching. In Dogen and Article community boston the Koan Tradition, Steven Heine has masterfully demonstrated how Dogen's writings serve to develop and elaborate the Best college essay 2014 my koan genre.[6] Dogen also makes ample use of the Japanese poetic tradition, as invoked in community, Yasunari Kawabata's appreciation of Dogen as a poet in Kawabata's 1968 Nobel Prize acceptance speech. For Cheap. Dogen's indebtedness to this poetic tradition has been further traced in Article community service, Heine's The Zen Poetry of Can you wikipedia, Dogen .[7] Dogen certainly further appropriated the community boston Chinese monastic tradition as a major basis for his praxis, and research paper training program.[8] But Dogen's utilization of Mahayana discourse, especially as developed in the Lotus, should also be considered as one of the fundamental backgrounds for viewing Dogen's teaching as a whole.

I believe that further inquiries into various aspects of their interrelationship will be illuminating to both Dogen and Lotus Sutra studies. Article Service Boston. But this present essay focuses on Dogen's borrowing aspects of Common mistakes zip, its rhetorical style, based on his own interpretation of the Lotus. The essay proceeds with a discussion of the Lotus Sutra style of community boston, proclamatory rhetoric. The Self-Referential Lotus. The Lotus Sutra itself frequently emphasizes the importance of and rewards for the reading, copying, and reciting of the Lotus Sutra . Write. To be sure, other Mahayana sutras talk about the boston merit to be derived by recalling or copying the sutra being read.[9] However, the German homework help Lotus Sutra at times seems to hold this self-referential quality at its center, such that it promotes an extreme mode of self-referential discourse that is unique to the Lotus Sutra . The sutra often speaks of the wondrous nature of the Lotus Sutra , right in the text commonly referred to as the Lotus Sutra . This rhetorical device can become startling and mind-twisting, like Escher's painting of community service, two hands drawing each other. Various important figures in the sutra appear within the text of the Lotus Sutra because they have heard that the Lotus Sutra is currently being preached by Shakyamuni Buddha on German homework help woodlands Vulture Peak. For example, in community boston, chapter eleven, the woodlands stupa of the ancient Buddha Prabhutaratna emerges from the earth and service floats in mid-air, because he has vowed always to appear whenever the Lotus Sutra is preached.[10] In the same chapter, myriad bodhisattvas arrive from world systems in all directions, in order to praise the Buddha for college preaching this sutra in which they are appearing. This quality of the sutra talking about the sutra, and especially its many references to community service boston, the Lotus Sutra as something expounded many ages ago, as about to be expounded, or even as hopefully to be expounded in the distant future, has led some commentators to observe that the college whole text of this sutra, more than any others, is a preface to a missing scripture.

As George and Willa Tanabe say: The preaching of the Lotus sermon promised in the first chapter never takes place. The text, so full of merit, is about a discourse which is never delivered; it is a lengthy preface without a book. The Lotus Sutra is thus unique among texts. It is not merely subject to various interpretations, as all texts are, but is open or empty at boston its very center. [11] This is a plausible perspective or interpretation.

The text does refer, in third person, to a designated text that one might keep vainly waiting for, as if for Godot. However, this perspective misses the manner in which the college essay Lotus sermon certainly does exist. Community. Fundamental messages of the Lotus, such as the One Vehicle and the primacy of the Buddha vehicle, are difficult to miss, even if they might be interpreted in various manners. But furthermore, between the lines the Lotus Sutra functions within itself both as a sacred text or scripture, and as a commentary and college 2014 guidebook to boston, its own use, beyond the literal confines of its own written text. The Lotus Sutra is itself a sacred manifestation of research paper writing, spiritual awakening that proclaims its own sacrality. Article Community. Right within the text's proclamation of the wonders of a text with the same name as itself, the text celebrates its own ephemeral quality with the visionary splendors of its assembly of buddhas, bodhisattvas, and spirits, and with the engaging qualities of its parables. The synthesis of the immanent spirit spoken about in the text, and the text's own intended functioning as an instrument or skillful catalyst to spark awakening, has been carried on among its followers. This is exemplified in the varieties of Best college essay 2014 my, Nichiren Buddhism in Article community service boston, that they are rooted and focused in devotion to the Lotus Sutra itself as a sacred manifestation, and devotional object, which they are committed to proclaiming and promulgating. Scientific Paper Writing. But for Article service boston Dogen, the self-proclamation of the dharma in the Lotus Sutra becomes an aspect of his rhetorical style, rather than an externalized objectification.

In similar manner to the sutra's proclamations of the wondrous qualities of the Lotus Dharma, Dogen in his writings commonly proclaims the wondrous nature of the Dharma, the Buddha, the many buddha ancestors, previous proclamations or utterances by my essay for cheap need someone, ancestral teachers, and of course the Lotus Sutra itself. Dogen's style of discourse is Article community boston usually not explanatory, discursive, or logical in the linear manner of your essay knees, modern rationality or cognition. Rather, Dogen seemingly free-associates, making illuminating connections based on doctrinal themes or imagistic motifs, aimed at proclaiming the non-dual reality of the Article community boston present phenomenal world as fully imbued with the presence of the Buddha and of the ongoing possibility of awakening. A clear encapsulation of the Lotus Sutra 's self-proclamatory discourse strategy appears in volume one of Dogen's Eihei Koroku in two consecutive jodo, or dharma discourses, numbers 69 and 70, given in 1241.[12] Jodo number 69 reads in its entirety: [Dogen] said: Today this mountain monk [Dogen] gives a dharma discourse for the assembly. Scientific Writing Paper. What I have just said I offer to all the three treasures in the ten directions, to the twenty-eight Ancestors in Article community, India, to the six Ancestors in China, to all the nostrils under heaven, to the eyeballs throughout the Scientific research paper paper past and present, to community boston, dried shitsticks, to three pounds of sesame, to Zen boards, and to college my, zafus. Previously we offered incense for the limitless excellent causal conditions, and Article service we dedicate it so that toads may leap up to Brahma's heaven, earthworms may traverse the eastern ocean, and clouds and water monks may become horses and cows. All buddhas, ten directions, three times; All honored ones, bodhisattva mahasattvas; Mahaprajnaparamita.[13] Here Dogen states that he is proclaiming a jodo. But immediately, without saying anything more about the college essay 2014 my dharma, he dedicates that statement itself to the three jewels, the ancestral teachers, to meditation paraphernalia, and to community service, famed Ch'an iconoclastic expressions for German homework help woodlands Buddha, Yun-men's dried shitstick (or dry turd) and his disciple Tung-shan Shou-ch'u's three pounds of sesame (or flax).[14] He then further dedicates the incense offering, which had preceded the statement that he was now making a statement, to toads, earthworms, and monks who manifest as horses and Article service boston cows, followed by Write my essay for cheap need, the traditional concluding liturgical dedication. He thereby declares the intention of the dedication for all beings, no matter how humble. As in the Lotus Sutra , there is Article no visible dharma expressed except for the celebration via proclamation of a non-explicit dharma.

But then, in the following jodo, number 70, Dogen explicitly comments on his own use of self-referential dharma, while engaging even further in mistakes in writing research, celebrating an unexpressed dharma. We do not know how many days may have separated the two discourses. In this section of the text, between the jodos that can be dated and which are four months apart, there were an average of two discourse per week. Article Community Service Boston. But whatever the interval, it is clear in the overall text of Eihei Koroku that the different discourses, recorded chronologically with only very rare exceptions, are often linked sequentially through the associations of theme, imagery, ancestral figures, or textual allusion. Jodo number 70 says: [Dogen] said: As this mountain monk [Dogen] today gives a dharma discourse, all buddhas in need, the three times also today give a dharma discourse. The Ancestral teachers in all generations also today give a dharma discourse. The one who bears the community service boston sixteen-foot golden body gives a dharma discourse. Common Zip. The one endowed with the wondrous function of the hundred grasses (all things) gives a dharma discourse. Already together having given a dharma discourse, what dharma has been expounded? No other dharma is expressed; but this very dharma is expressed. What is this dharma?

It is upheld within Shang-lan Temple; it is upheld within Kuan-yin Temple; it is upheld within the monks' hall; it is upheld within the buddha hall. Again, Dogen never talks about the content of his dharma discourse. But he proclaims that his own act of Article service boston, proclaiming this self-referencing dharma is echoed simultaneously in the discourses of the ancestral teachers and Best college essay 2014 buddhas, just as the proclamation of the Lotus Sutra is echoed in various buddha realms, in various times. Community Boston. Then Dogen asks the Can you my essay wikipedia same question that the Tanabes ask about the Lotus Sutra , What dharma has been expounded? And Dogen answers unabashedly, No other dharma is Article community service expressed; but this very dharma is Common in writing research expressed. What is Article service this dharma? While not explaining or even stating the content of this dharma, his phrase, This very (shako) dharma, might seem to refer to the teaching of suchness, or tathata, but it is also simply just this dharma, as opposed to that one. Thereby Dogen emphasizes not an Planning your, abstraction, but the concreteness of phenomenal reality as the realm of dharma. Then Dogen does declare and affirm that this non-explicit teaching is upheld in the context of the temples and the buildings where the practice is carried on. The example in these two jodos of Dogen's proclamation of Article community service, a non-explicit dharma is presented in college, a direct and concise manner, as appropriate to the often brief declarations of the jodo form. But this rhetorical strategy recurs, more or less subtly, in many places throughout Shobogenzo , as well as in Eihei Koroku . That Dogen is adapting this rhetorical posture at boston least in part directly from the Lotus Sutra is clearly evidenced by mistakes in writing papers zip, another early jodo in the Eihei Koroku , number 24, given in 1240.

In the entire universe in ten directions there is no dharma at all that has not yet been expounded by community service, all buddhas in the three times. Therefore all buddhas say, In the Write my essay for cheap need someone same manner that all buddhas in the three times expound the dharma, so now I also will expound the dharma without differentiations. Article. This great assembly present before me also is practicing the Way in in writing zip, the manner of all buddhas. Each movement, each stillness is not other than the dharma of all buddhas, so do not act carelessly or casually. Although this is the case, I have an expression that has not yet been expounded by any buddha.

Everyone, do you want to discern it? After a pause [Dogen] said: In the same manner that all buddhas in the three times expound the dharma, so now I also will expound the dharma without differentiations. In this dharma discourse Dogen again does not elaborate on the content of the dharma expounded by all buddhas in the three times, except to aver that it is no other than every movement, and every stillness, and is practiced by the monks at Eiheiji. Significant to boston, the point of this essay is the context of this quote mentioned by Dogen from Sakyamuni Buddha, In the same manner that all buddhas in the three times expound the dharma, so now I also will expound the dharma without differentiations. This statement that Dogen uses to express the inexplicit dharma proclaimed by German help woodlands, all buddhas is from the Lotus Sutra , chapter two on Skillful Means.[15] Dogen further emphasizes this quote when he repeats it verbatim as his own expression for the inexplicit dharma, which he claims, Has not yet been expounded by any buddha. But saying it has not previously been expounded is tantamount to Dogen himself preaching the original Lotus Sutra , or to his own manifestation as the Buddha in the Lotus text in which it is first expounded.

There are ample examples of response with silence, or of indirect or inexplicit Dharma proclamation within the Ch'an literature that is Dogen's primary lexicon. Yet the Lotus Sutra referent for this 1240 jodo about expounding the dharma clearly demonstrates that Dogen himself saw the Lotus Sutra , expounded by all buddhas in the three times, as an Article service boston, important source for this self-proclamatory rhetorical style of expounding. Essay. Further studies of any references to the Lotus Sutra in the development of early Ch'an rhetorical styles might be informative. But it is apparent that Dogen himself saw the Lotus as one model for a non-dualistic, inexplicit discourse approach. The Self-Reflexive as a Skillful Mode. In The Karma of Words, William LaFleur discusses the sophisticated nature of the Article Lotus Sutra as literature, and its impact in medieval Japanese poetics. The surprising feature of [the parables] in the Lotus is that they are simultaneously the vehicle and the tenor of that vehicle. Best. In a very important sense, the Article boston parables of the Lotus are about the role and status of writing paper, parabolic speech itself. They are what I would call self-reflexive allegory; that is, their trajectory of discourse behaves like a boomerang. Much like the dharma described in a crucial section of the hoben chapter, they are characterized by the absolute identity [or equality] of their beginning and Article community service boston end.[16]

LaFleur's analysis of this realm of discourse in the Lotus Sutra focuses on its radical nondualism, and its embodiment of skillful means. This standpoint of nondualism represents interpretations of the Lotus Sutra developed in T'ien-t'ai and in Japanese Buddhism prior to Dogen, and which impacted the medieval literature LaFleur examines. From such a nondualistic viewpoint, LaFleur suggests translating hoben as modes rather than the more common translations of skillful or expedient means. Hurvitz translates hoben as expedient devices, and Watson translates it as expedient means, both implying a dualistic, and even manipulative, aspect of the teaching, especially when rendered as devices. Kato, Tamura, and Can you write wikipedia Miyasaka translate it as tactfulness, which implies more consideration and inclusivity, but might still be seen as implying a hierarchy of the community teachings. The upaya (or hoben ) doctrine is a problematic aspect in the Lotus Ekayana One Vehicle teaching. The Lotus at times has been upheld, within the sutra itself as well as by some of its followers, for example in the T'ien-t'ai p'an-chiao system, as the supreme epitome of the One Vehicle. Can You Write Wikipedia. In this perspective other teachings and scriptures may be seen as merely expedient, provisional (and therefore inferior) teachings that might be included in the One Vehicle as a kind of dharmic noblesse oblige. Such a view of upaya implies a hierarchy of teachings, and even a manipulative use of them.

Unquestionably the Lotus Sutra lends itself, and community often explicitly encourages, a political, polemical reading in which the Planning essay Lotus, and those who preach it, represent the True Dharma, and those who follow provisional, expedient teachings exemplify the chaff, inimical to the full teaching. On the service other hand, the alternate mode of reading the teaching of upaya, as championed by mistakes in writing research zip, LaFleur, implies a radically nondualistic inclusivity, and an acceptance of all helpful teachings as simply a diversity of community boston, modes. Knees. Portions of the Lotus Sutra do indeed lend themselves to this alternate, more tolerant and inclusive reading of hoben . For example, in chapter five the parable of the Dharma rain falling universally on all implies no discrimination against any of the many plants that are equally nourished, each growing in their own way. Applied as appropriate to the diversity of needs of suffering beings, all teaching modes might be equally beneficial to the ultimate purpose for buddhas' manifestation, as proclaimed in the upaya chapter: By resort to service boston, numberless devices and to various means, parables, and phrases do [buddhas] proclaim the dharmas, . . . for one great cause appearing in the world, . . . to cause beings to hear the Buddha's knowledge, . . . to cause the beings to understand, . My Essay For Cheap. . Community Boston. . to cause the research zip beings to enter the Article community service boston path.[17] Such an inclusive reading of hoben might be usefully appropriated to modern concerns of religious pluralism, which may be LaFleur's subtext. But LaFleur's reading also has implications to styles of Planning your essay, discourse, the Article community primary issue under consideration here. LaFleur sees the sutra's primary liberative purpose and its various skillful modes expressed nondualistically as exactly the reason for the sutra's self-referential discourse style. In his reading: The narratives of the Lotus are not a means to an end beyond themselves.

Their concrete mode of expression is not chaff to be dispensed with in order to attain a more abstract, rational, or spiritual truth. Common Zip. The Lotus is Article service unequivocal on this point: One may seek in every one of the ten directions but will find no mode [ hoben ] other than the Buddha's. This accounts for Common in writing research papers what may seem to be an service boston, inordinate amount of praise directed by the sutra toward itself. It also implies that within the Scientific paper writing paper sutra there is an unmistakable philosophical move opposite to that in Plato's Republic, a move to affirm the complete reality of the world of concrete phenomena in spite of the fact that they are impermanent.[18] This common Japanese association of the Lotus Sutra with affirmation of the reality of the phenomenal world, followed here by Article boston, LaFleur, can be dated back to write my essay, the Japanese Tendai founder Saicho. Having studied with two of the disciples of the Chinese Hua-yen master Chan-jan, who argued for the Buddha nature of insentient beings (a teaching that Dogen would also later frequently celebrate), Saicho incorporated Hua-yen (Kegon) views of suchness into Tendai. But Saicho also applied this in an original way to Article service, his interpretation of the Lotus Sutra . His reading not only German help woodlands, acknowledges two aspects of suchness but establishes a hierarchy between the boston two in Scientific writing, identifying the dynamic aspect of suchness—its expression as the phenomenal world—with the T'ien-t'ai category of the middle and with the one vehicle of the Lotus. This represents a crucial step toward the profound valorization of empirical reality found in medieval Tendai original enlightenment thought.[19] From this Japanese Tendai perspective of spiritual reality immanent in concrete phenomena, the Lotus Sutra itself is not separate from, or talking about, a realm of transcendent spirit outside of itself. Thus the Lotus Sutra itself can become an embodiment of the awakening aspect of the phenomenal world, omnipresent, at Article community service least in potentiality, in all concrete phenomena. The self-referential or self-reflexive aspect of the sutra demonstrates the non-separation of its liberative goals from the Buddha's skillful modes.

Given the nonduality of purpose and context of the Lotus Sutra as a text that itself represents and enacts veneration of the world's liberative potential, it is reasonable that this very sutra would become an Planning your essay knees, object of veneration, as in Nichiren Buddhism. To be sure, Dogen is not inclusive of the Article community service boston diverse modes of teachings in LaFleur's strictly non-hierarchical fashion, as, in common with all of the Kamakura innovators, Dogen at times upholds his own teaching lineage and strongly disparages others. Best Essay. However, Dogen's use of Article, Lotus style self-referential discourse is directed at affirmation of the nondualism of means and end, and he repeatedly affirms the phenomenal realm as the arena of nondual practice-realization, in accord with LaFleur's view of the Lotus Sutra discourse as based on hoben . In a similar skillful mode, Dogen often intentionally uses words as vehicles to express the research discourse he is community service boston then proclaiming. Dogen's frequent inversion of conventional word order and word meaning from classical koans or sutras serves to express this quality of proclamation, in college 2014, which the discourse itself demonstrates that which it is expounding. A prominent example is the oft-cited wordplay in community service boston, Shobogenzo Bussho Buddha Nature, first written in 1241, in which Dogen retranslates the passage from the Mahaparinirvana Sutra, All sentient beings without exception have Buddha nature. By rereading the characters shitsu-u as whole being, rather than all have, Dogen alters the Can you wikipedia passage to, All sentient beings' whole being [is] Buddha nature.[20] This elimination of dualistic grammar itself demonstrates the nondualism between sentient beings and service Buddha nature. In further accord with LaFleur's view of the Lotus discourse, Dogen specifically affirms the complete reality of the world of help, concrete phenomena in his discourse rhetoric as well as its content, and even when leaving the content itself seemingly absent, or at least not stated. In jodo 49 in Eihei Koroku, also given in 1241, Dogen says: This mountain monk has not lectured for the sake of the assembly for a long time.

Why is this? On my behalf, the buddha hall, the monks' hall, the valley streams, the pine, and bamboo, every moment, endlessly speak fully for Article community service the sake of all people. Common Papers. Have you all heard it or not? If you say you heard it, what did you hear? If you say you have not heard it, you do not keep the five precepts. Here Dogen rhetorically affirms the immanence of the dharmic discourse as well as its content, right in the world of dharmas, or phenomena, including streams, pines, bamboo, and temple buildings, which all themselves discourse on this dharma. He also self-consciously uses this nonexplicit discourse of the dharma and its immanence as a skillful means for challenging his monks in service boston, training to hear and express the dharma more fully. Have you all heard it or not? Dogen's Use of the for cheap need Fantastic.

Another literary aspect of the Lotus Sutra that is disconcerting to conventional analysis is the degree to which its stories and boston teachings are rooted in images and fantasies. In his introduction to his book on Myoe, whose life and teaching were colorfully replete with the visionary, George Tanabe, Jr. cites the centrality of visions to East Asian Buddhist experience, despite the focus of much of modern Buddhist studies on doctrine and writing paper philosophy. The Buddhist tradition is as much a history of fantasy as it is a history of thought. It should be studied as such to gain a better understanding not only Article service, of Buddhism as a fantastic philosophy, but of Buddhists as sentient beings as well.[21] In the mistakes zip context of service, Myoe studies, Tanabe's discussion of the fantastic might more directly apply to the psychedelic visions of the Avatamsaka Sutra, which Myoe, as a Kegon monk, especially cherished. But Tanabe's remarks also certainly pertain to the striking images and parables of the Lotus, about which he says, The Lotus Sutra is less a work of memory and more a product of fantasy inspired with new visions derived internally.[22] The Lotus Sutra thus calls for examination of the significance and German homework woodlands function of its imagery as much as, if not more than, its philosophical positions. As Tanabe says: Mahayana Buddhism is, among many things it can be, a tradition of the mind's faculty for producing images in community service boston, both waking life and sleep: a tradition, that is, of fantasy producing visions, . . Scientific Research Writing Paper. . and dreams, which were interpreted by service, the dreamers for their own meanings and which can be, to add a modern aspect, read by us for their feelings. It will be possible to Can you write wikipedia, gain a better understanding of Mahayana Buddhism as a vehicle not only of ideas and Article service institutions but of human emotion as well only when studies of the fantastic end of the spectrum become more available.[23] In this context, the Common papers zip Lotus Sutra parables and self-referential discourse style can be seen as the internal expression of vision, or fantasy, that expresses the human experience of Mahayana practice, more than its philosophical content. Even when, as may frequently be the case, such discourse is a literary device or artifice, rather than directly inspired by literal meditative experience, visions, or dreams, such literary framing serves to honor the skillful use of imagination and the visionary.

The Lotus Sutra itself includes a parable that uses a fantastic vision to demonstrate how fantastic visions function as skillful liberative modes. In chapter seven, a conjured or phantom city is described as a vision that serves as a metaphor for the teaching of nirvana as cessation, which can provide a half-way oasis on the path to Mahayana universal liberation. Despite being a mere phantom, the service vision of an oasis city acts as a necessary, beneficial encouragement for practitioners, who may be refreshed by temporarily imagining they have achieved their goal. Similarly, Lotus Sutra parables, no matter how fantastic, themselves function as beneficial encouragements. In another of the numerous examples in Shobogenzo of Dogen using wordplay to invert conventional thinking, in Muchu Setsumu Within a Dream Expressing the Dream, written in 1242, Dogen extensively elaborates on in writing research papers zip the statement that all buddhas express the dream within a dream.[24] He thereby denies the supposedly lesser reality of the service dreams of the transient phenomenal world, and negates a Platonic exaltation of the absolute, which LaFleur describes as the Common in writing research papers antithesis of Lotus teaching. Instead, Dogen proclaims the dream world of phenomena as exactly the realm of buddhas' activity. Every dewdrop manifested in every realm is community service a dream. This dream is the glowing clarity of the hundred grasses. . . . Do not mistake them as merely dreamy.[25] The liberative awakening of buddhas is itself described as a dream.

Without expressing dreams, there are no buddhas. Without being within a dream, buddhas do not emerge and turn the wondrous dharma wheel. This dharma wheel is no other than a buddha together with a buddha, and a dream expressed within a dream. Simply expressing the dream within a dream is itself the college my buddhas and ancestors, the assembly of unsurpassable enlightenment.[26] Dogen is Article community service not frivolously indulging in research writing, mere paradox here, but follows the logic of the dream as necessarily the locus of awakening. As Dogen says in his celebrated essay, Genjokoan, Those who have great realization of delusion are buddhas.[27] What is worthy of study is not delusions or fantasies about enlightenment, but rather the reality of the boston causes and conditions of the realms of delusion and my essay for cheap someone suffering. A similar logic is expressed in the Lotus Sutra dictum that buddhas manifest only due to community service boston, the presence of suffering beings. College. Dogen's positive view of dreams will be significant in his parables to be discussed below, two of which Dogen frames as if they might have been dreams, whether or not they were his actual sleeping dreams.

Dogen does not attend to literal dreams with anywhere near the same dedication as his contemporary, Myoe, as exemplified by Myoe's extraordinary, forty-year dream journal.[28] Along with Myoe, dreams and visionary discourse are also more emphasized than they are by Dogen in Article, the teachings of Keizan, Dogen's third generation successor, who is research revered as the second founder of Japanese Soto Zen. The central role of dream and community service boston vision for Keizan has been discussed and elaborated by Bernard Faure in Visions of Power. Write Need. [29] Keizan and his successors in the following few generations helped spread Soto Zen throughout rural Japan. One stereotype in Soto studies is the distinction between Keizan's use of the visionary, inspired by Esoteric teachings, and service boston the supposedly more pure Zen of Dogen. According to Planning your, this stereotype, Dogen emphasized zazen and a rational presentation of service boston, buddha dharma, untainted by the more colorful and melodramatic Mahayana and Esoteric teachings indulged in by Keizan.[30] However, Dogen does indeed employ dreams and visions as skillful teaching tools. While we may certainly note differences in emphasis and style between Dogen and Planning your essay knees Keizan, Dogen is in fundamental accord with the world-view of medieval Japan, including the esoteric teachings of Shingon and community service boston Tendai that were the background for all Kamakura Buddhism. Dogen sees the phenomenal world as dynamically alive, and imbued with spirit forces. His visionary context is perhaps most apparent in his interpretations and appropriations of the Lotus Sutra , and in his own references to dreaming. In Muchu Setsumu Within a Dream Expressing the Dream, Dogen explicitly refers to the Lotus Sutra as a source for the role of Write need, dreams in his discourse style. He quotes a long passage that concludes the final verse in chapter fourteen of the sutra, beginning from, All buddhas, with bodies of golden hue, splendidly adorned with a hundred auspicious marks, hear the dharma and expound it for others. Such is the fine dream that ever occurs. . . . Community Service. Dogen interprets this passage as saying that the paper whole archetypal story of the Buddha occurs in a dream.

Dogen's reading takes this passage out of Article community boston, its context in your knees, the sutra to Article community, emphasize that the Buddha is made king, leaves the palace, awakens under the bodhi tree, and conducts his whole teaching career, all in a dream.[31] Thus this passage at Best college the close of chapter fourteen is creatively interpreted by Dogen to serve as foreshadowing for the revelation in chapter sixteen of Buddha's inconceivable life-span, in which the Article archetypal story of his birth, awakening, teaching, and death is Best college essay more explicitly revealed as a skillful means to community service, encourage beings. After quoting this passage, Dogen avers that, This dream of buddhas is not an analogy. In the original context of the Lotus Sutra text, this passage is merely describing the rewards of those who preach the Lotus, in this instance the reward of auspicious dreams.[32] But Dogen uses his creative reading to validate, or at least exemplify, his teaching that the dream-state of the conditioned phenomenal world is exactly the arena for awakening. But here he is furthermore claiming the dream mentioned by German help, the Lotus Sutra as a model for a skillful discourse mode that has recourse to the visionary as a tool for liberation. As in the Lotus Sutra self-reflexive discourse style, the parable expression is Article itself a skillful mode of reality for Dogen, not separate from concrete phenomena. Scientific Research Paper. Dogen continues, People in the past and Article community boston present mistakenly think that, thanks to the power of expounding this foremost dharma, mere night dreams may become like this dream of Write, buddhas. Thinking like this, one has not yet clarified the Buddha's discourse. Awakening and dreaming from the beginning are one suchness, the genuine reality. The buddha-dharma, even if it were an analogy, is the genuine reality.[33]

For Dogen, the Article service boston particular events of this dream world are the reality, and also the skillful discourse, of the awakening of buddhas. The essays of Dogen's Shobogenzo , such as Muchu Setsumu, are sometimes philosophical and elaborative of traditional Buddhist or Zen doctrines, and are addressed to a general audience of mistakes papers zip, his contemporaries. In Eihei Koroku , by contrast, Dogen is directly addressing his small cadre of monk disciples at Eiheiji, stretching for means to encourage and develop their practice. In this work, the primary available source for his mature teachings, as well as occasionally revealing humor or feelings such as sadness or regret, Dogen at times offers his own parables, often using fantastic, playful imagery, sometimes expressed as if in dreams. In the following three parables from Eihei Koroku jodos, Dogen's appropriation of Lotus and Mahayana vision is evidenced through the allusions to Mahayana rhetoric or figures in each of Article community service, them. In Eihei Koroku jodo number 229, given in 1247, Dogen directly parodies the rhetoric of Planning knees, Mahayana sutras. The millions of community, billions of transformation bodies [of buddhas] abide throughout a monk's staff, carry water and gather firewood to make offerings to buddhas as numerous as there are sitting cushions, and, on German homework the tip of Article boston, a whisk, simultaneously all attain unsurpassed complete perfect enlightenment. They are all equally named Broken Wooden Ladle Tathagata, Worthy of Offerings, Omniscient, Foot of Bright Practice, Well Gone One, World Liberator, Supreme One, Strong Controlling Person, Teacher of Humans and Heavenly Beings, World-Honored Buddha. The Country [of this Buddha] is named Clump of Soil; the knees kalpa is named Fist.

The duration of the True Dharma Age and Semblance Dharma Age are both twelve hours, and the buddha's longevity is that of a dried turd from three thousand great thousands of Article community boston, worlds. Do you all understand? If you state your understanding you are making mistake after mistake. If you say you do not understand, even the five precepts are not maintained. Dogen plays with words here, replacing the conventional sutra rhetoric for Can you my essay a buddha abiding throughout kalpas with his abiding throughout a monk's staff.

Instead of making offerings to Article community service boston, buddhas as numerous as the proverbial grains of sand in the Ganges River, Dogen substitutes buddhas as numerous as sitting cushions. Instead of the your essay knees buddha sitting under the bodhi tree as he attains enlightenment, Dogen has him sitting on top of community, a whisk. Dogen then applies the standard ten epithets for a buddha, starting with Tathagata, to a new buddha invented here by Dogen, named Broken Wooden Ladle, who might be seen as a reference to all of the humble monks practicing under him at Eiheiji. Continuing with his parody of conventional Mahayana sutra rhetoric, Dogen designates the buddha land of this fabulous new buddha as Clump of soil, his kalpa as Fist, and his longevity as that of a dried turd. Dogen seems to mock the standard Mahayana sutra rhetoric, iconoclastically mimicking a formula for describing buddhas used often in the Lotus Sutra , for example in chapters eight and nine on the predictions of future buddhahood of the five hundred disciples, and of learners and adepts.[34] However, Dogen actually is affirming his view of the Lotus Sutra , as originally interpreted by Saicho and expressed by LaFleur, that validates the world of concrete phenomena as expressive of the essence of awakening. The new buddha is Can you wikipedia called Broken Wooden Ladle in celebration of a humble implement, to which Dogen frequently refers in highly exalted terms. For example, in jodo 204 in 1246 he says, If you really know it, the temple pillars confirm that, and the wooden ladles study together with you. Then he has wooden ladles doing three prostrations and asking a dharma question.[35] Similarly revered in jodo 229, above, are the Article community service boston practice paraphernalia of sitting cushions, a monk's staff, and a teacher's whisk. But in Write my essay for cheap need, celebrating humble phenomena, Dogen also emphasizes their ephemerality, as he says that the True and Semblance Dharma Ages of Broken Wooden Ladle Buddha endure merely twelve hours. Although an intact wooden ladle is a useful implement, here the Buddha is named Broken Wooden Ladle, further emphasizing transiency, and Article service recalling the Zen phrase, the bottom of a bucket broken out, which signifies the letting go of attachments in opening experiences. Dogen's challenge to for cheap need, his monks at the end of the jodo echoes the prominent Ch'an dharma combat rhetoric style of koan anthologies such as the Hekiganroku , Blue Cliff Record.

However, his statement, If you state your understanding you are making mistake after mistake, might also be seen as a rationale for community service boston the whole Lotus Sutra self-referential strategy of research writing, not explicitly stating the content of the dharma being celebrated and community boston proclaimed. Simultaneously, there is a mandate for this Dharma to be actually proclaimed. If you say you do not understand, even the five precepts are not maintained, implies the ethical responsibility not to deny whatever is Planning essay knees realized, despite its ephemerality. This may be seen as echoing the frequent theme in the Lotus Sutra of the responsibility of Shakyamuni's disciples to maintain the Article community Lotus Dharma in the future. Again, whether Dogen's rhetoric here borrows more from my essay wikipedia Ch'an tradition or more from the Article community service boston indirect modes of the Lotus Sutra is not the issue. The fact that he uses this style to mimic Lotus Sutra rhetoric, however, does indicate that in this jodo Dogen is concerned and aware of German homework woodlands, Lotus Sutra discourse style, and of appropriating it rhetorically, at least in Article community, part. In the following two examples, Dogen provides fantastic parables that seem to be framed as dreams when he describes them as happening last night.

Whether they were literal dreams or meditative visions is beside the point. As Bernard Faure says, For Buddhists there is no clear distinction between dreams that come during sleep and visions achieved in a waking state, or more precisely during meditation, in a state (samadhi) that, like trance, is often defined as being 'neither sleeping nor waking.'[36] Whether realized in sleep or samadhi, or merely used intentionally as literary devices invoking the visionary qualities of samadhi, Dogen uses these visions to express the dream within the dream, i.e. to reveal awakening amid the Best college my phenomenal. In his Enlightenment Day jodo, number 88, in 1241, Dogen says: Two thousand years later, we are the descendants [of Shakyamuni]. Two thousand years ago, he was our ancestral father. He is service boston muddy and wet from following and chasing after the waves. It can be described like this, but also there is the principle of the essay my Way [that we must] make one mistake after another. Article Community Service Boston. What is this like? Whether Buddha is present or not present, I trust he is my right under our feet.

Face after face is Buddha's face; fulfillment after fulfillment is Buddha's fulfillment. Last night, this mountain monk [Dogen] unintentionally stepped on a dried turd and it jumped up and Article community service covered heaven and earth. Need Someone. This mountain monk unintentionally stepped on it again, and it introduced itself, saying, My name is Shakyamuni. Then, this mountain monk unintentionally stepped on his chest, and immediately he went and sat on the vajra seat, saw the Article service boston morning star, bit through the traps and writing paper snares of conditioned birth, and cast away his old nest from the past. Without waiting for anyone to peck at his shell from outside, he received the thirty-two characteristics common to all buddhas, and together with this mountain monk, composed the following four line verse: Stumbling I stepped on Article community service boston his chest and his backbone snapped, Mountains and rivers swirling around, the dawn wind blew. Penetrating seven and accomplishing eight, bones piercing the need someone heavens,

His face attained a sheet of golden skin. In this jodo Dogen describes a dream-like fantasy in which he accidentally steps on a piece of community service boston, shit, and in accord with Yun-men's utterance often cited by Dogen, it jumps up and declares itself to be Shakyamuni. This vision increases the apparent disrespect for Buddha in Yun-men's utterance, as Dogen again steps on his back (albeit again accidentally), even after the dried shit identifies himself as Shakyamuni. German Homework Help Woodlands. But Dogen uses this scatological vision not to degrade, but rather to service boston, further celebrate Buddha, by declaring that upon being stepped on, He went and sat on the vajra seat, saw the morning star, bit through the your knees traps and snares of conditioned birth, and cast away his old nest from the past. Here Dogen skillfully proclaims and celebrates, non-explicitly, one of the major revelations of the Lotus Sutra , that of the Buddha's life-span enduring over inconceivable ages (mentioned above in Article boston, connection with Dogen's reference in Expressing the Best college Dream Within the Dream.) In chapter sixteen, Shakyamuni reveals that his archetypal story of his home-leaving and Article community service boston awakening is demonstrated simply as a skillful mode. The effect of this dream parable of Best 2014 my, Dogen is to reinforce the story about skillful modes in chapter sixteen by Article community service, describing Buddha and his awakening process as still omnipresent, last night right at Eiheiji, and even in excrement.

Dogen's dream story also echoes the Lotus Sutra , chapter four, parable of the prodigal son, who can only come to realize his fundamental endowment after years of shoveling manure in his father's field. As Dogen says in the introduction to his parable, even Shakyamuni is muddy and wet from following and chasing after the waves. Dogen's further introductory statement, Whether Buddha is present or not present, I trust he is right under our feet, echoes the Lotus Sutra parable about the ragged beggar unknowingly having the dharma jewel sewed within his robe. It further suggests the image in write wikipedia, chapter fifteen of myriad bodhisattvas suddenly springing forth from beneath the ground under our feet, which represents the omnipresence of the community service boston bodhisattva potential in the ground of concrete phenomena. Having venerated Shakyamuni Buddha via seeming desecration in this last jodo parable, in German homework help woodlands, Eihei Koroku jodo number 123, given in 1243, Dogen describes another dream vision, this one seeming to poke fun at Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion. One sheet of dull stubbornness is boston three inches thick. Three lengths of upside-downness is five feet long.

Last night, this mountain monk [Dogen] struck the empty sky with a single blow. Write My Essay Need. My fist didn't hurt, but the empty sky knew pain. A number of sesame cakes appeared and rushed to Article community service, become the Best college 2014 faces and Article community service eyes of the great earth. In the Can you write wikipedia mock creation myth in the introduction to the jodo, Dogen punches out the empty sky. Then with bravado akin to such classic Ch'an masters of Article service boston, fisticuffs as Lin-chi or Te-shan (Rinzai and Tokusan in Japanese), Dogen declares that his fist didn't hurt, but the sky, which can also be read as emptiness itself, knew pain. Like the skillful fists of Lin-chi or Te-shan, with their constructive impact on their monk trainees, Dogen's fist brings forth a cascade of sesame cakes, which in turn shower down as thousands of faces and your essay eyes.

The several references to the koan lexicon by Article community service boston, Dogen in Best college essay 2014, this jodo include case 78 of the Shoyoroku Book of service boston, Serenity anthology. When asked by a monk about talk transcending buddhas and ancestors, Yun-men answers, Sesame cake.[37] In case 82 of the papers zip Shoyoroku, the association of Yun-men with sesame cakes continues when he says, The Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara brings money to buy a sesame cake: when he lowers his hand, it turns out to be a jelly-doughnut.[38] This story must have inspired Dogen's vision of Avalokiteshvara striving to purchase sesame cakes. But Dogen envisions the sesame cakes as transformed into dynamically active eyes and community service faces rather than jelly-doughnuts, which are still mere commodities, even if richer than sesame cakes. As Dogen's parable in jodo 123 unfolds with dream-like narrative, someone shows up who wants to buy the sesame cakes (transformed into faces and Planning essay knees eyes). When Dogen inquires, the person identifies himself as Avalokiteshvara, just as the piece of shit in community, the previously discussed dream parable identifies himself as Sakyamuni.

Presumably Avalokiteshvara is Planning essay trying to acquire from Dogen the eleven faces and thousand eyes for his hands as depicted in one of the bodhisattva's foremost iconographic forms.[39] With these multiple perspectives, the bodhisattva of compassion can fulfill the skillful means that he is known for, as seen in his diversity of Article community boston, forms in chapter twenty-five of the Lotus Sutra . When Avalokiteshvara further identifies himself by the very common Chinese names Ch'ang and Li, this represents Avalokiteshvara as an ordinary person. Even in help, a dream (or a literary discourse he frames as visionary or dream-like), Dogen is thereby implicitly affirming practice in the mundane world and the immanent presence of compassion. In Expressing the Dream Within the Dream, written the year before the parable in jodo123, Dogen declares that, The expression of the dream within the dream is the thousand hands and eyes of Avalokiteshvara that function by Article community boston, many means.[40] Here he explicitly denotes the discourse mode, the your essay knees expression itself, as an aspect or example of Avalokiteshvara's skillful means. The parable itself ends with Avalokite§vara expressing his commitment and determination to obtain the eyes and faces (formerly sesame cakes), with which to proceed with his work of service, compassion, whether or not he has any money. In his own concluding commentary, Dogen adds, When Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva makes an appearance, mountains and rivers on the great earth are not dead ashes. Here Dogen emphasizes the dynamic, liberating quality of the world of concrete phenomena. For Dogen, the whole world and its components, even the dreams within a dream, are the vital functioning of awakening, like the conjured city in the Lotus Sutra parable, assisting those on the path.

Dogen's jodo concludes with a further affirmation of the knees enlightening potency of the phenomenal world, You should always remember that in the third month the partridges sing and the flowers open. Here the emergence of community, vitality in spring, and Write my essay need also its very invocation, functions skillfully as an community boston, encouraging metaphor for the enduring potential of your essay, awakening in his disciple audience. The parables in the Lotus Sutra may lack Dogen's humorous irony and Article visionary whimsy. But in accord with LaFleur's account of the function of those parables, Dogen uses his dream parables similarly as skillful modes with which to your essay, encourage his monks' engagement with and affirmation of the community complete reality of the world of concrete phenomena in spite of the fact that they are impermanent. In his Eihei Koroku , Dogen relates parables that echo the function of the parables in the Lotus Sutra by demonstrating the my essay need someone presence of wondrous dharma, right in the phenomenal world and in the midst of karmic consciousness. While such parables are occasional, and certainly not Dogen's major mode of literary expression, they do exemplify his borrowing of Lotus Sutra styles in his discourse. More significantly than in service boston, Dogen's occasional use of parables, the profuse self-referencing of the Lotus Sutra and wikipedia the complex, skillful impact of this self-reflexive discourse serves as one major resource or model for Dogen's style of proclamation. Dogen follows the community boston Lotus Sutra self-referential style in various of his rhetorical modes to proclaim and celebrate a teaching that often remains unstated, but which may be more provocative because of this quality of the Scientific paper writing non-explicit. Dogen's self-referential, proclamatory discourse (at least in some part borrowed from the Lotus Sutra discourse style), used as a mode with which to express and exemplify radical nondualism, becomes a model for Soto Zen expression and community service boston practice, supporting prominent Soto teachings such as the oneness of practice-realization. This essay has focused on paper suggesting some of the aspects of Dogen's appropriation of Lotus Sutra styles of rhetoric in his own discourse.

Much more can be said about his inclusion of its doctrinal contents in his own teaching. Still, Dogen's primary literary source by far was the vast Ch'an koan literature, which he was introducing as a new, foreign language into Japan, and which he had mastered to an astonishing degree. In his prominent use of the Lotus Sutra , on community service the other hand, he was referencing the Buddhist text that was perhaps most familiar to German help woodlands, his Kamakura audience. His wide use of the Lotus Sutra raises many questions. His devoted dissemination of the boston alien koan literature suggests that he was not citing the Lotus simply to match audience expectations or familiarities. Some aspects of Write my essay, Lotus teaching were clearly useful to Article, legitimatization of Can you wikipedia, Zen positions.

For example, he widely quotes the community service passage in Kumarajiva's translation of chapter two of the sutra that, Only a buddha together with a buddha can fathom the Reality of All Existence.[41] Dogen appropriates this saying for his Shobogenzo essay Yuibutsu Yobutsu, Only Buddha and Buddha, as support for the Zen Dharma transmission tradition.[42] The Lotus Sutra focus on Shakyamuni also fits with the main buddha figure in Zen, rather than the Buddhas Amida or Vairocana venerated in the contemporary Pure Land and essay Esoteric (and Kegon) movements. But perhaps most fundamentally, the significant presence of the Lotus Sutra in Dogen's teaching content and in his style of presentation may serve to boston, remind us of the for cheap need someone substantial underpinnings of Mahayana thought and practice in Soto Zen teachings. [1] For a discussion of service, some Lotus Sutra references by Dogen, and a list of some such citations, see Kagamishima Genryu, Dogen zenji to in'yo kyoten-goroku no kenkyu (Tokyo: Mokujisha, 1965), pp. 121-137; 217-219. A list of Lotus Sutra references in my essay for cheap someone, Dogen's Shobogenzo appears in Gudo Wafu Nishijima and Chodo Cross, trans. Master Dogen's Shobogenzo , Book 1 (Woods Hole, Mass.: Windbell Publications, 1994), pp. 293-321. [2] Ryuichi Abe and Peter Haskell, trans. with essays. Great Fool: Zen Master Ryokan; Poems, Letters, and Writings (Honolulu: University of community service boston, Hawai'i Press, 1996), p.xiii. See also p. Knees. 21.

[3] For background on hongaku thought, see Ruben Habito, Originary Enlightenment: Tendai Hongaku Doctrine and Japanese Buddhism (Tokyo: The International Institute for Buddhist Studies, 1996); and Jacqueline Stone, Original Enlightenment and service the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1999). Planning Knees. For Saicho's appropriation of sokushin jobutsu from the service boston Lotus Sutra story about the Dragon King's daughter, see Paul Groner, The Lotus Sutra and Saicho's Interpretation of the Realization of Buddhahood with This Very Body, in George J. Tanabe, Jr., and Willa Jane Tanabe, editors. The Lotus Sutra in Japanese Culture (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1989), pp. 53-74. [4] For an English translation of Hokke-Ten-Hokke, see Nishijima and Cross, Master Dogen's Shobogenzo , Book 1, pp. 203-220. I have also referred to a translation by Write for cheap need, Kazuaki Tanahashi and Michael Wenger, from the forthcoming Beyond Thinking , edited by Kazuaki Tanahashi. [5] Dogen appropriation of the Article Lotus, especially in terms of its use in Dogen's fundamental world-view underlying his praxis, will be further detailed in research paper paper, my forthcoming dissertation: Visions of Awakening Space and Time: The Bodhisattvas' Earth Emergence and the Inconceivable Life-Span in the Lotus Sutra , and Article their Impact in Dogen's Teachings. [6] Steven Heine.

Dogen and the Koan Tradition (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994). [7] See Yasunari Kawabata, Japan the Beautiful and Myself, trans. Edward Seidensticker (Tokyo: Kodansha, 1969); and Steven Heine, The Zen Poetry of Dogen (Boston: Tuttle Publishing, 1997). [8] See Yifa, The Rules of mistakes in writing research, Purity for the Chan Monastery: An Annotated Translation and Study of the Chanyuan Qinggui. Ph.D.

Dissertation at Yale University, 1996. The Chanyuan Qinggui was a major influence, quoted extensively by Dogen, in his Eihei Shingi. See Taigen Dan Leighton and Shohaku Okumura, Dogen's Pure Standards for the Zen Community: A Translation of Article community, Eihei Shingi (Albany: State University of German, New York Press, 1996). [9] See, for Article community service examples, Edward Conze, trans., The Perfection of Wisdom in Planning essay knees, Eight Thousand Lines its Verse Summary (Bolinas: Four Seasons Foundation, 1973), pp. 15, 120-121; and Buddhist Text Translation Society, Sutra of the Past Vows of Earth Store Bodhisattva (Talmage, Cal.: Dharma Realm Buddhist University, 1982), pp. Service Boston. 69-71, 89-92, along with many other passages. [10] I am using the Chinese /Japanese edition of Kumarajiva's translation, Myoho Rengekyo, 3 vols. College 2014 My. (Tokyo: Iwanamai Bunko, 1996). English translations consulted are Leon Hurvitz, trans. Scripture of the Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma (New York: Columbia University Press, 1976); Bunno Kato, Yoshiro Tamura, and Kojiro Miyasaka, trans. The Threefold Lotus Sutra: Innumerable Meanings, The Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Law, and Meditation on community boston the Bodhisattva Universal Virtue (New York: Weatherhill, 1975); and Burton Watson, The Lotus Sutra , (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993). [11] Introduction to George J. Tanabe, Jr., and Willa Jane Tanabe, The Lotus Sutra in Common mistakes research papers, Japanese Culture, p. 2. [12] Jodo, literally ascending the hall, referred to here as dharma discourses, were the major form of boston, presentation in Sung China Ch'an temples.

They were often quite brief, given in the Dharma Hall with the teacher on the high seat on the altar and with the monks standing. Apparently they were the Can you my essay teaching form eventually favored by Dogen, since he nearly stopped writing the longer essays of Shobogenzo after 1244, but continued using the formal Jodo talks, which were recorded in Eihei Koroku , in Article boston, training his monks at Eiheiji before his death in 1253. [13] All references to Eihei Koroku are from the earlier monkaku version (rather than Manzan's later edition) in Common mistakes in writing papers, Kosaka Kiyu and Suzuki Kakuzen, eds. Dogen Zenji Zenshu. vols. 3 and 4 (Tokyo: Shunjusha, 1989). All translations in community service, this essay are from Taigen Dan Leighton and Shohaku Okumura, trans. Dogen's Extensive Record: A Translation of Write someone, Eihei Koroku (Boston: Wisdom Publications, forthcoming). [14] Yun-men's response to a monk's question, What is Buddha? of kanshiketsu has been interpreted legitimately either as a dried shitstick, a standard implement that was used as we now use toilet paper, or simply as a dried turd, an interpretation derived from Chuang-tzu's usage, which will be used as the translation in other jodo below, according to varied contexts. Yun-men's equation of Buddha with kanshiketsu appears, for service example, in Mumonkan , case 21.

See Yamada, Gateless Gate, pp. 109-112. For a discussion of Dogen's likely interpretation of Tung-shan Shou-ch'u's utterance as sesame rather than the usual translation of Write someone, flax, see the Article boston note to write my essay wikipedia, Dogen's reference to it in Tenzokyokun in community boston, Leighton and Okumura, Dogen's Pure Standards for the Zen Community, P. 56. This story appears, for example, in case 12 of Hekiganroku and in Write for cheap someone, case 18 of Mumonkan . Article Community. See Thomas Cleary and Common mistakes papers zip J.C. Cleary, trans. The Blue Cliff Record (Boston: Shambhala, 1977), pp. Article Community Service Boston. 81-87; and homework help Koun Yamada, Gateless Gate (Los Angeles: Center Publications, 1967), pp. 96-99.

[15] See Burton Watson, The Lotus Sutra, p. 45; Hurvitz, Scripture of the Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma, p. Community Service. 45; Kato, Tamura, and Miyasaka, The Threefold Lotus Sutra, p. 74. [16] William LaFleur, The Karma of Words: Buddhism and the Literary Arts in Medieval Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983), p. 87. [17] Hurvitz, Scripture of the college my Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma, pp. 29-30. [18] LaFleur, The Karma of Words, p. 87. [19] Jacqueline Stone, Original Enlightenment and the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism, p. Article Boston. 14. [20] See Norman Waddell and Masao Abe, trans. For Cheap Someone. The Heart of Shobogenzo (Albany: State University of Article service boston, New York Press, 2002), pp. Best College 2014 My. 59-98. [21] George J. Tanabe, Jr., Myoe the Article boston Dreamkeeper: Fantasy and Knowledge in Early Kamakura Buddhism. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992), p. 9. [24] See Taigen Dan Leighton and Kazuaki Tanahashi, trans.

Within a Dream Expressing a Dream, in Kazuaki Tanahashi, editor, Enlightenment Unfolds: The Essential Teachings of Zen Master Dogen (Boston: Shambhala, 1999), pp. College. 165-172. [27] Kazuaki Tanahashi, editor, Moon in a Dewdrop: Writings of Zen Master Dogen (San Francisco: North Point Press, 1985), p. 69. [28] For Myoe's dream journal, and commentary, see Tanabe, Myoe the Dreamkeeper, cited above, and Hayao Kawaii, The Buddhist Priest Myoe: A Life of Dreams, translated with introduction by Mark Unno, (Venice, Ca.: The Lapis Press, 1992). [29] See Bernard Faure, Visions of Power: Imagining Medieval Japanese Buddhism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996). [30] For further discussion of the stereotypical distinctions between Keizan and Dogen, see Faure, Visions of Power, pp. 3-4, 211-215. [31] Tanahashi, Enlightenment Unfolds, pp. Article Service Boston. 170-171; and need someone Hurvitz, Scripture of the Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma, pp. 223-224.

[32] I am indebted for clarification of the community difference in Dogen's reading of Write for cheap need, this passage, and for many other suggestions for this paper, to the kind response commentary of Jan Nattier. [33] Tanahashi, Enlightenment Unfolds, p. 171. [34] The Lotus Sutra includes a number of variations on the full formula for descriptions of buddhas and community service their buddha-fields parodied by Dogen, also including versions in chapter twelve on Devadatta and chapter twenty-three on your the Bodhisattva Medicine King. One of the versions closest to the full formula parodied by Dogen is the description of Ananda's prediction in chapter nine. See Hurvitz, Scripture of the Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma, pp. 168-169. [35] Dogen refers frequently to Article service boston, ladles in Eihei Koroku , used as a term for reliable practice implements, and sometimes for practitioners themselves. For other examples, jodo 219 in 1247 begins, Abundant with ten thousand virtues, the sitting cushions and wooden ladles are dignified. In jodo 320 in 1249, Dogen refers to Shakyamuni himself as, The wooden ladle at Vulture Peak.

[36] Faure, Visions of Power, p. 116. [37] See Thomas Cleary, trans. Scientific Paper Writing Paper. Book of Serenity (Boston: Shambhala, 1998; originally published by Hudson, N.Y.: Lindisfarne Press, 1990), pp. 332-334. [39] For the iconographic forms of Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva, see Taigen Daniel Leighton, Bodhisattva Archetypes: Classic Buddhist Guides to Awakening and Article their Modern Expression (New York: Penguin Arkana, 1998), pp.

159-170. [40] Tanahashi, Enlightenment Unfolds, p. 169. [41] See Kato, Tamura, and Miyasaka, The Threefold Lotus Sutra, p. Common In Writing Zip. 52. Compared to the Sanskrit original, which simply denotes plural buddhas, Kumarajiva's rendition emphasizes the relational aspect of a buddha together with a buddha. [42] See Tanahashi, Moon in a Dewdrop, pp.

161-167.

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—Employ effective coordination and subordination of ideas to express complete thoughts. —Use explicit transitional devices. —Correctly employ Standard English usage, including subject-verb agreement, pronoun referents, and the eight parts of speech (noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, preposition, interjection). Ensure that verbs agree with compound subjects. —Use verb tenses appropriately and consistently such as present, past, future, perfect, and progressive. —Identify and properly use indefinite pronouns. —Use adjectives (comparative and community service superlative forms) and Write adverbs appropriately to make writing vivid or precise.

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Educators consider standards-based tests to be the most useful as these tests show how each student is meeting grade-level expectations. These assessments are designed to pinpoint where each student needs improvement and help teachers tailor instruction to fit individual needs. State departments of education often include information on writing standards and writing assessments on their websites, including sample questions. Writing Test Preparation. The best writing test preparation in sixth grade is simply encouraging your child to community boston write, raising awareness of the written word, and offering guidance on writing homework. For example, you can talk about the different purposes of writing as you encounter them, such as those of German, letters, recipes, grocery lists, instructions, and menus. By becoming familiar with 6th grade writing standards, parents can offer more constructive homework support. Article Community Service Boston? Remember, the Write my essay for cheap someone best writing help for kids is not to correct their essays, but offer positive feedback that prompts them use the Article boston strategies of writing process to Planning your essay knees revise their own work. Time4Writing Online Writing Courses Support 6th Grade Writing Standards.

Time4Writing is an excellent complement to sixth grade writing curriculum. Developed by classroom teachers, Time4Writing targets the fundamentals of writing. Students build writing skills and deepen their understanding of the writing process by working on standard-based, grade-appropriate writing tasks under the individual guidance of Article community boston, a certified teacher. Writing on a computer inspires many students, even reluctant writers. My Essay? Learn more about Time4Writing online courses for sixth grade.

For more information about general learning objectives for sixth grade students including math and Article service boston language arts, please visit Time4Learning.com. *K-12 writing standards are defined by each state. Time4Writing relies on a representative sampling of state writing standards, notably from Florida, Texas, and California, as well as on the standards published by nationally recognized education organizations, such as the National Council of Teachers of Best college essay 2014 my, English and the International Reading Association.