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Best Resume Examples for a Variety of Jobs. Do you need to write a resume? Knowing how to start can be the paper discussion, biggest challenge and write report looking at examples can be very helpful. Discussion. The following samples are among the The best, best resumes and you can use them as a starting point for creating your own resume. They vary greatly in skill level, profession and format and are filled with inspiration. Take notes as you browse the examples, this will help you remember what you like and dislike and which elements you want to include when you begin writing your own. The first step to Writing scientific discussion writing a great resume is to choose the best type of resume for your work history, experience and essay writers conclusion the jobs you#39;re applying for. Browse these examples to get a sense of your options before choosing the right format for Writing scientific paper you. Chronological Resume - A very traditional resume format that focuses on your work experience and lists previous jobs in order. Functional Resume - Focus on essay conclusion, your skills and paper discussion expertise with a minor emphasis on couples, the companies you worked for. Combination Resume - Combine the elements of chronological and functional resumes to highlight both your skills and previous employment.

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You need to be specific about your skills, the programs you#39;re proficient with, and it#39;s good if you can give examples of end results as well. Many resumes in the technology space include a #39;Technical Skills#39; section in assignment du soleil which you list every program, language, etc. Sign up for the Doyle Report and Writing paper discussion get expert job-hunting advice sent straight to your inbox, with tips on writing a great resume and acing your interview! you know. It gives your prospective employer the chance to quickly understand where your skills lie. My Personal. Resumes for Education and Human Services Positions.

If your career is in education or any field related to human services, your resume needs to highlight both your work experience and certifications. Be sure to include any professional licenses or affiliations you have as well. You will notice that a number of these sample resumes feature volunteer experience. What you do outside the workplace can have an impact in Writing scientific landing a great job in these fields, so it#39;s worth noting any volunteer work you do. Careers in healthcare are filled with technical skills as well as patient interaction and Edgar bio both should be highlighted in your resume. Nurses, therapists and medical specialists should include any certifications and licenses you hold as well as details of your work experience. Volunteer experience is scientific paper, also a nice addition to healthcare resumes because it shows the hiring manager that you have compassion off the job as well. Case. If possible, include how you went above the call of duty or add any significant career achievements. Every trade position has a specific set of skills that are required on the job and it is discussion, important that you highlight your technical training in your resume. Write. Include any certifications, licenses, affiliations and paper discussion achievements that are relevant or necessary to your field.

Notice how the example resumes are very specific when it comes to The best conclusion technical skills. Many also include supervisory and management experience as well as the adherence to codes and the ability to troubleshoot technical problems. Resumes for Writers, Creatives, and Freelancers. Freelancers, writers, and other professionals in creative fields may have the most difficult time writing a resume. Your jobs may be varied, your experience and skills vast, and it can be difficult getting it all on paper. There are many ways to approach these types of Writing scientific paper resumes and the examples should help you find a direction that#39;s right for you. You are a creative, so you need to put some of cirque that ingenuity into writing the discussion, most effective resume you can. You might also consider developing a curriculum vitae (CV) and have that available as well.

Resumes for Customer Service Jobs. Customer service is a key element in me many jobs and it is important that you focus on that in your resume. Whether you are applying at a restaurant, a hair salon or a local store, the hiring manager will want to Writing scientific know that you will put their customers first. Some of these resume examples also include specific skills required for the position. Me. For instance, a chef may choose to highlight the scientific paper discussion, presentation and with graduate school speed involved in serving meals to customers. A stylist will want to focus on special treatments they have learned and a retail associate may want to show off their merchandising expertise. Also, be sure to include any special honors or achievements you have received. Were you the employee of the scientific paper, month?

Did you reach a high sales goal? Teenagers and recent college graduates may need to write a resume as well and this can be tricky because of your limited work history. You will need to supplement your resume with other achievements. Include volunteer work and degas bio accomplishments at school in your resume and use these examples to learn how to feature them. Employers understand that you are young and Writing scientific paper looking to add to your experience, so give them as much as you can that shows you#39;ll be a valuable employee.

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ns essay AFGHANISTAN: THE MAKING OF U.S. POLICY, 1973-1990. by Steve Galster. The year was 1979. The country, of course, was Afghanistan.

And one decade later, some people who had believed in that message were celebrating one of the most sensational U.S. Writing Scientific Paper Discussion! victories in Help with statement the history of the Cold War: the withdrawal of 100,000 demoralized Soviet troops from Afghanistan, marking the paper first time that the Red Army had withdrawn under fire from a nation it had occupied since World War II. The Afghan socialist revolution, it seemed, had failed. At the headquarters of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Director William Webster and his euphoric Afghan Team toasted ten years of effort and a multi-billion dollar project to 123 essay, support the discussion anti-communist, Muslim Afghan rebels, in what had become the CIA?s largest and most successful covert operation ever. Degas! On Capitol Hill, Congressman Charles Wilson (D-Texas), a legislative champion of the anti-Soviet guerrillas, boasted that the United States had learned in Afghanistan that it could reverse Soviet influence anywhere in the world. Discussion! And at the White House, President George Bush hailed the Edgar withdrawal as a watershed in U.S.-Soviet relations. Six thousand miles away from the Writing discussion celebrations, however, the war in Afghanistan raged on. Graduate School! Washington and Moscow?s clients, using U.S. and Soviet-supplied weapons, continued their internecine struggle for power, adding more civilian casualties to the 1 million who had already died. Although peace had broken out between the superpowers, the Writing paper discussion legacy of their long and bitter rivalry lived on in the rocket-prone city of conclusion, Kabul, Pakistan?s crowded refugee camps and the war-ravaged villages in the Hindu Kush mountains. The Relevance of Afghanistan. How is it that this underdeveloped, tribal-based country, tucked deep inside the rugged crossroads of Asia and deemed strategically insignificant by the United States for Writing discussion, decades, became a battleground for the bloodiest superpower proxy war of the my personal statement graduate school 1980s? What stimulated the scientific paper discussion United States to develop a sophisticated insurgency support operation for 123 essay help me, a rebellion led by Islamic religious leaders and fought by mountain tribesmen?

What was the nature of the debate among U.S. officials and congressmen as to what the rebels, beset with ethnic, tribal and personal rivalries, could accomplish against the armed forces of the Soviet Union? What effect did this war have on Pakistan, the most important U.S. Scientific! ally in South Asia, which played a crucial role in the war by Help my personal graduate, providing sanctuary for Writing discussion, the rebels and 3 million Afghan refugees? And what lessons have the The best essay U.S. intelligence and defense communities drawn from the Afghan conflict and applied to the emerging U.S. strategic doctrine of Low-Intensity Warfare? Why did the Soviet Union spend ten years, billions of dollars and 15-20,000 lives trying to prop up a government that seemed constantly on the verge of collapse? Was Moscow?s intervention, as some have claimed, originally part of a grand design to seize oil fields and warm water ports in the Persian Gulf region, or merely a move to protect a new socialist government in a country contiguous to its sensitive southern border? Why did Mikhail Gorbachev eventually call the Red Army home, leaving the Afghan government to fend for scientific, itself against formidable odds? And how did the Afghan government manage to hold onto power without Soviet protection? No student, professor or journalist trying to Edgar degas essay bio, answer these and the many other questions related to the Afghan war can do justice to their research without reviewing some of the thousands of pages of State Department cables from Kabul, Peshawar, Islamabad and Washington; intelligence reports from the CIA and the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA); correspondence between Congress and the executive branch; field reports from Agency for Writing scientific paper discussion, International Development (AID) officials in Pakistan; and other previously classified materials found in this document set. An overview of U.S. policy during Afghanistan?s last 17 turbulent years both provides some context for approaching these questions and demonstrates the usefulness of these materials to those trying to answer them. The Tenets of U.S. Degas Essay! Policy toward Afghanistan.

Although Afghanistan experienced massive changes between 1973 and scientific discussion, 1990--four coups, the intervention and withdrawal of the Soviet armed forces, the exile of one-third of its population as a result of the war, and one million deaths?U.S. policy toward Afghanistan throughout this period actually remained the same: to prevent excessive Soviet influence. Specifically, this meant denying the Soviet Union a foothold in Afghanistan from which to launch aggressive actions in the region. Afghanistan by itself was of little importance to me, the United States. But the area around it?the Persian Gulf and the sea lines and ports of the Indian Ocean?was deemed critical, and U.S. Scientific! policy toward Afghanistan consistently reflected a regional policy that sought strong and essay conclusion, friendly ties with Iran and Pakistan. Hence, the two factors shaping U.S. policy in Afghanistan also remained consistent: the U.S. perception of Soviet goals in Writing paper discussion Afghanistan, and the balance of power in 123 essay the region. Until the fall of the Shah of Iran in 1979, the United States was able to project its power into South Asia and protect its interests there with confidence.

In exchange for massive military assistance, the Shah provided the United States with access to Writing scientific paper, military bases and Creative homework assignments couples, intelligence facilities, helping to safeguard the flow of scientific paper discussion, oil from the write project paper Persian Gulf to the free world while preventing potential Soviet advances toward the Gulf or Indian Ocean. At the same time, Soviet relations with Afghanistan did not appear to threaten U.S. interests. Writing Scientific! Since the USSR shared a long border with Afghanistan and because the Edgar degas essay bio United States enjoyed friendly ties with the other states in the region, U.S. officials viewed Soviet policy in Afghanistan as part of a defensive strategy. A National Intelligence Estimate written in 1954--one year after the scientific discussion United States helped restore the Shah to his throne in Case assignment du soleil Iran?stated that Soviet attention to Afghanistan is part of a general effort to counter recent Western (particularly US) gains in the Middle East-South Asia area.(2) Washington decided, in other words, to treat Afghanistan as a buffer state. Throughout the Writing scientific paper discussion 1960s and the 1970s, relations between Moscow and Kabul grew stronger, as the USSR became one of Afghanistan?s largest sources of foreign aid.

The United States, while working to minimize Soviet influence, raised few objections. In 1962, the State Department reasoned that US fostering of active hostility toward the USSR [could] only serve to weaken Afghanistan?s ability to survive.(3) In 1976, the How to paper annual State Department Policy Review stated that Afghanistan was a militarily and politically neutral nation, effectively dependent on the Soviet Union. Still, it concluded that the Writing scientific discussion United States is not, nor should it become, committed to, or responsible for the ?protection? of Afghanistan in any respect.(4) The balance of power in the region favored the United States, and no significant Soviet threat to that balance was seen emanating from Afghanistan. This set of circumstances?which in Edgar degas bio U.S. policy parlance is described as regional stability?changed dramatically in 1979. The Shah of Iran abdicated his throne in scientific January, allowing an anti-American, Islamic government to take power. Ten months later, the Soviet Union deployed 100,000 troops to Afghanistan, putting the Red Army within striking distance of Case, both Pakistan and a potentially vulnerable Iran. The balance in scientific the region had shifted. Soviet policy in Help with my personal statement Afghanistan, which was previously perceived as benign, was suddenly described by the White House as the gravest threat to world peace since World War II.

The Early Years: 1973-1978. To gain a full understanding of these changes, one needs to go back to the early 1970s when the power of Afghanistan?s monarchy was waning. Afghanistan at this time was one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world. In 1974, the Writing discussion World Bank estimated Afghanistan?s per capita GNP to be $70, ranking it 73rd among a list of 83 underdeveloped countries.(5) To make matters worse, Afghanistan suffered a terrible drought in 1971-1972. Foreign aid, from such countries as West Germany, Iran, the United States, and especially from the USSR, helped alleviate the country?s economic woes. Foreign aid alone, however, could not resolve Afghanistan?s emerging political conflicts. Many Afghans, particularly the progressive urban elite, had grown impatient with the country?s leader, King Zahir Shah. How To Report Paper! The king had ruled Afghanistan (sometimes as only a titular head) since the age of 19, when his father was assassinated in 1933. The United States was aware that political discontent was on the rise in the country. In 1971, the U.S. Embassy in Kabul reported that [t]here has been increased leftist activity which can be attributed to increased disillusionment and paper discussion, frustration with the write project report existing social/economic conditions and the apparent inability or unwillingness of the leadership to tackle boldly the nation?s problems.(6) Perhaps the most disgruntled and scientific, organized of the country?s leftist groups was the People?s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA).

The PDPA had been founded in 1965 by a group of 30 Afghans in Case cirque Kabul. Its political orientation was Marxist, with many of its members looking to Moscow for guidance and inspiration. Many PDPA members, in fact, had studied or received military training in paper discussion the USSR. During its early years, the PDPA was torn by Help with my personal school, quarrels and plots between its two leaders, Nur Mohammad Taraki and Babrak Karmal. Writing Scientific Paper! The two leaders agreed on help the basic objectives of the party, including a number of socialist political and Writing paper discussion, economic reforms. They both also complained of Afghanistan?s backward nature, pointing not only to its underdeveloped infrastructure but also to a maldistribution of with my personal statement graduate school, wealth and land which, they claimed, was perpetuated by traditional tribal and religious customs.

Taraki and Karmal disagreed, however, over how to remedy these problems. Taraki and his followers argued for radical socialist reforms using whatever means necessary to implement them; Karmal and his supporters advocated the gradual introduction of Writing scientific paper, socialist change, working within the state system, incorporating along the way different elements of Afghan society. Karmal and several colleagues had even served as parliamentary members during the king?s rule, earning themselves the nickname royal communists. In 1967, Karmal split with the party and formed his own faction, also called the PDPA, but usually identified by the name of its newspaper, Parcham (banner). Parcham continued to strive for the same kinds of socialist reforms pursued by Taraki?s rival PDPA faction, Khalq (masses), also named for its newspaper, but the two competed for power nevertheless. By the me early 1970s, Karmal had all but abandoned his non-confrontational, almost cooperative approach toward the government. Writing Scientific Discussion! The Zahir Administration had shut down the Parcham newspaper, quashed Parcham demonstrations, and arrested party members and therapy, put them in jail. In response, Karmal increasingly sang the same anti-monarchy tune as the Khalqis. Parcham and Khalq were not the only groups opposed to the Zahir Shah Administration. The king?s cousin and former prime minister, Mohammad Daud, had his eyes on the royal palace, as did several other former officials and relatives of the king.

Realizing that a race was on to replace Zahir Shah, Daud, along with members of the Writing discussion military and Parcham, coordinated a takeover attempt. On July 17, 1973, while the king was vacationing in Italy, Daud, along with key military officers and the minister of Case assignment du soleil, interior, who was a Parcham sympathizer, launched a successful, nearly bloodless coup, declaring an end to the monarchy and the beginning of a republican government. The exact nature of Daud?s relations with Parcham during this time is scientific paper discussion still not clear. Case Assignment Cirque! Did the two agree on Writing scientific discussion political objectives for Afghanistan, or did they merely create a marriage of convenience? In any event, after ousting the Case cirque royal family, Daud initiated some of the progressive reforms which his leftist supporters had demanded. His commitment to a reformist program and to Writing paper discussion, his early backers was shortlived, however. Over time, Daud consolidated his personal power by purging the government of leftists, replacing them with members of Creative couples therapy, his own powerful Mohammadzai clan. Writing Discussion! He also sought more economic independence from the Soviet Union by exploring closer ties with Iran and the United States. He was careful, however, never completely to shun the Soviet Union. As the CIA noted, Daud was happiest when he could light his American cigarettes with Soviet matches.(7) The U.S.

Embassy in Kabul observed that Daud, in his changes, was leaning neither left nor right, but Daudward. In pursuit of personal power and a more independent foreign policy, Daud managed to alienate Afghanistan?s socialists, moderates and religious fundamentalists. It was the latter which initially proved to be Daud?s most militant opponents. While some Afghans were being influenced by Marxism, others were diligently studying the Koran. Many of these Afghans entered Kabul University?s faculty of Islamic law, while others pursued their Islamic studies in Egypt where they came into conclusion contact with and discussion, were influenced by the Muslim Brotherhood, an organization which seeks the imposition of strictly Islamic governments in all Muslim countries.

Some of those Afghans who studied in Cairo, such as Burhanuddin Rabbani, Sibghatullah Mojaddedi and Abdul Rabb-ur-Rasul Sayyaf, came back to Kabul determined to galvanize opposition first to Zahir Shah and then Mohammad Daud, both of whose governments they criticized as corrupt and un-Islamic. This group of Afghans wanted to integrate modernization and Islam to counter the disruptive influence of both capitalism and communism. Rabbani recruited from Afghanistan?s Muslim Youth Organization and helped form the Islamic Society party, Jamiat-i Islami. Jamiat organized anti-government protests and other Islamic dissident activities. When Daud cracked down on Jamiat activists, Rabbani and other Muslim leaders fled for the Afghan countryside and eventually to Pakistan where they received arms to fight the Daud government. U.S. officials knew very little about these Afghan rebels and doubted they could pose a serious threat to the Daud Administration. Some of the names listed in State Department cables were those of people who, years later, would receive covert aid from the United States in assignments couples their jihad, or holy war, against the Soviet Union. But it was Pakistan, which had its own reasons to fear Daud, that helped these rebels get their start.

Especially alarming to the Pakistanis was Daud?s pursuit of a popular cause called Pashtunistan. Roughly half of Afghanistan?s population are ethnic Pashtuns, including Daud and Writing scientific paper discussion, practically every other leader in Afghanistan?s history. Millions of Pashtuns also lived on the other side of the statement graduate school Afghanistan-Pakistan border, an artificial line drawn by the British during the height of their colonial rule in India. These Pashtuns, living in Pakistan?s Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP), looked forward to Writing scientific paper, the day when they would join their ethnic brethren in controlling their own homeland, Pashtunistan. Since Pashtuns dominated Afghan politics, they could only gain from pursuing such a goal, and Afghan leaders, in Help with my personal graduate turn, won favor among Afghan Pashtuns for pursuing it. What was appealing to discussion, Daud and other Afghan leaders, however, represented a real threat to write project report paper, Pakistan. Pashtunistan, if ever realized, would cut deeply into Writing paper the NWFP by Edgar degas essay bio, annexing a good portion of Writing, Pakistan. Even if the border with Afghanistan remained intact, calls in Kabul for Pashtunistan always had the potential for stirring unrest in with statement graduate school Peshawar and other parts of Pakistan?s frontier. Expatriate leaders such as Rabbani, an ethnic Tajik, and scientific paper, Hekmatyar, an Islamist who sought to unite Afghans belonging to Creative homework therapy, all ethnic groups through Islam, provided Pakistan with a minor tool for keeping Daud off balance if he chose to pursue an aggressive Pashtunistan policy. Meanwhile, as Islamic fundamentalists rebelled against Daud?s atheistic reforms, Daud continued to purge more leftists from the government, banned political opposition in 1975, and strengthened ties with Iran and the United States. The United States welcomed and scientific discussion, encouraged Daud?s new foreign policy moves.

In 1977, the State Department, remarking on Daud?s closer ties to Iran, stated that he had made significant contributions to the improvement of regional stability?thereby helping to cirque du soleil, fulfill another principal U.S. objective.(8) The Saur Revolution. Despite U.S. Writing! approval, Daud?s authoritarian rule had alienated too many at home. In particular, PDPA members, Parchamis and Khalqis alike, had grown impatient with Daud and were anxious to see him removed from power. Khalq members criticized their Parcham rivals for du soleil, having deluded themselves into discussion thinking that the PDPA could have worked with Daud after supporting his takeover. By 1977, Khalq and Parcham formally agreed to bury their differences and united to form one People?s Democratic Party of Afghanistan; Soviet pressure reportedly played a role in the unification. Creative Assignments Therapy! Further PDPA infiltration of the military, especially by Khalqis, put the paper party in 123 essay a good position to influence events if and when Daud lost his grip on paper power. That day came on April 17, 1978, when Mir Akbar Khaibar, a member of the The best writers PDPA and a vocal critic of Writing, Daud, was assassinated, possibly by Case assignment, Daud?s minister of interior.

Thousands of mourners turned Khaibar?s funeral into an anti-government rally which prompted Daud to clamp down further on the PDPA, arresting numerous party members. His response provoked PDPA supporters in the military to take action. On April 27, the military in collaboration with the Writing PDPA overthrew Daud, executed him, and replaced his republican government with a socialist one, which proclaimed the du soleil coup as the beginning of the Saur [April] Revolution. Prelude to Intervention. The socialist and pro-Soviet bent of the new government caused U.S. Writing Scientific Paper! officials some concern as they wondered whether Moscow had played a secret role in the PDPA takeover. U.S. Embassy officials in Kabul, however, detected no Soviet hand in statement graduate school the coup and suggested a cautious approach to the new government. These officials recalled that while Daud had been busy consolidating his personal power and pursuing new foreign ties, he had neglected the domestic reforms that many Afghans, particularly the progressive intellectuals, had demanded.

Also, religious leaders and intellectual, or Islamists, including those who had already taken up arms against Daud, had been neglected or repressed. The PDPA was in a better position than the Islamicists to seize power because of its stronger influence over Writing scientific paper discussion, the military and within the capital city, Kabul. The Khalq-Parcham unity was apparently not very solid. Help With Graduate! The new government, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA), was dominated by Khalqis, due mostly to Khalq control of the military. Soon after the April takeover, Khalq?s two main leaders, Nur Mohammad Taraki and Hafizullah Amin, quickly consolidated Khalq rule by imprisoning a number of their Parcham rivals while sending others off to foreign diplomatic posts.

Meanwhile, they moved quickly to implement radical secular reforms, ranging from marriage decrees to land reform laws. A treaty of scientific paper, friendship between Afghanistan and 123 essay me, the Soviet Union was signed in December 1978, which brought more Soviet aid and advisors to Kabul. The Khalqi reforms served to ignite strong opposition from scientific paper most of the Edgar essay deeply traditional and Islamic population. The security of rural women, for example, often depended on a sizable dowry, which was significantly reduced under new marriage laws. Writing Scientific Paper Discussion! The land reforms, which were meant to help small farmers, were opposed by many for write project paper, having alienated them from their former landowners, on whom they had always relied for help in growing and selling their crops. A number of Writing scientific discussion, disenfranchised landowners along with many religious leaders either took up arms against the Taraki-Amin government or left the country. Some Afghans fled to Pakistan to join the Islamic Afghan dissidents such as Rabbani and Edgar degas essay bio, Hekmatyar. Writing! Some of the more prominent new rebels included: Sibghatullah Mojaddedi, who came from a well-known family of Sufi leaders, had ties to How to write project, the royal family, was related to a prominent PDPA official (a valuable connection for most rebels), and formerly taught Islamic law in Kabul; Sayyid Ahmad Gailani, who was also tied to discussion, the royal family, was a Pir, or spiritual leader, and who until his departure from Kabul owned a Peugeot car dealership; Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi, who came from a prominent religious family and served in parliament in the 1960s where he criticized secular influence in Afghanistan, physically attacking, at one point, another member of parliament, Babrak Karmal.

There were other rebel leaders operating in the Afghan mountains or out of Pakistan. An important one, Yunus Khales had escaped from Afghanistan in 1974 after writing a book that criticized the Daud Administration. Unlike some other rebel leaders, Khales depended more on his genuine tribal support than his religious aura to galvanize Afghans in his home province of Nangarhar to oppose the Edgar essay bio new government in Kabul. These leaders, along with Rabbani, Hekmatyar, and another who joined in 1980, Abdul Rabb-ur-Rasul Sayyaf, formed their own parties and would eventually unite to form the Sunni Islamic Afghan rebel alliance, or the Peshawar Seven as they would later become collectively known as. These party leaders called for a jihad, or holy war, against the PDPA. Many other Afghan dissidents helped lead the charge against the Kabul government, including numerous commanders in the Afghan mountains, like Ahmad Shah Masoud. The Shiite Afghans also played an important insurgency role in the western half of Afghanistan. Some of the Shiite parties based their operations in Iran where they received support from Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini?s government. It was the Peshawar Seven, however, who would grab the world?s attention, partly because the government of Pakistan, the host to most rebels and refugees and the foreign journalists writing about discussion, them, chose to assignment cirque, recognize their parties as the only legitimate ones in Pakistan. The United States, in the meantime, had found itself facing a policy dilemma with the scientific PDPA?s ascension to Creative assignments couples therapy, power in Afghanistan.

This dilemma was summed up in a secret memorandum to Secretary of State Cyrus Vance following the April takeover: We need to take into account the mix of nationalism and communism in Writing scientific discussion the new leadership and with statement graduate school, seek to avoid driving the regime into a closer embrace with the Soviet Union than it might wish. Writing Discussion! Yet the memo also pointed out various factors favoring a hard-line approach to the new government: [A]nti-regime elements in Afghanistan will be watching us carefully to see if we acquiesce in The best conclusion or accept the communist takeover. Pakistan, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and others of our friends in the area will see the paper discussion situation clearly as a Soviet coup. Creative Assignments! On the domestic front, many Americans will see this as an extension of Soviet power and draw the parallel with Angola, Ethiopia, etc.(9) As a result, the United States compromised, maintaining correct relations with the government while keeping channels open to the opposition. As dissatisfaction with the PDPA mounted within Afghanistan, however, the United States grew increasingly uncomfortable with the new government and its radical reforms. To make matters worse, in Writing paper discussion February 1979, the U.S. ambassador, Adolph Dubs, was taken hostage by anti-government Shiite Muslims who demanded the release of a political prisoner. Afghan police clumsily stormed their hideout, and Dubs was killed in the ensuing shootout. Afghan authorities stonewalled U.S. requests for 123 essay help me, an independent investigation of the killing. Congress in turn refused to discussion, replace Dubs with another ambassador and threatened to cut aid to the DRA.

In March 1979, Afghans in the western city of Herat responded to rebel calls for a jihad by massacring hundreds of DRA officials and How to report, Soviet advisors who were in scientific paper charge of introducing the women?s literacy program there. Afghanistan was beginning to draw attention from the outside world, including Washington. At the White House, National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski warned President Carter that the Soviet Union, with its hundreds of advisors in Afghanistan to assist in degas essay reforms and counterinsurgency operations, had territorial designs on Afghanistan and possibly the whole South Asia region. Brzezinski and others worried that the USSR might take advantage of its presence in Afghanistan in order to influence events in neighboring Iran or Pakistan, two traditionally pro-American countries that for years had helped safeguard U.S. interests in the region, namely access to oil and the containment of the Soviet Union. If the DRA were able to consolidate its power, Brzezinski argued, then the Soviet Union might turn Afghanistan into a launching pad for Writing scientific paper, aggression in the region. Weeks after the Herat uprising and while President Carter was absorbed by the Iran hostage crisis, Brzezinski pushed a decision through the Special Coordination Committee (SCC) of the National Security Council (NSC) to cirque, be, as he put it, more sympathetic to those Afghans who were determined to preserve their country?s independence.(10) Although deliberately vague as to scientific paper, what this meant, the evidence indicates that Brzezinski called for moderate covert support for my personal statement graduate school, Afghan dissident groups which had set up headquarters in scientific Pakistan. Some, such as forces under the command of Rabbani and Hekmatyar, had been operating out of Pakistan without much outside aid for years. According to a former Pakistani military official who was interviewed in 1988, the U.S. Embassy in Islamabad had asked Pakistani military officials in Help my personal graduate school April 1979 to recommend a rebel organization that would make the paper discussion best use of U.S. aid. The following month, the Pakistani source claimed, he personally introduced a CIA official to Hekmatyar who, while more radically Islamic and anti-American than most Afghans, headed what the The best essay writers conclusion Pakistani government considered the most militant and organized rebel group, the Hizb-i Islami (Hekmatyar).(11)

Freedom of Information Act requests for records describing these meetings have been denied. But CIA and State Department documents seized by Iranian students during the Writing discussion takeover of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran in November 1979, reveal that, starting in April 1979, eight months before the with statement Soviet intervention and immediately following Brzezinski?s SCC decision, the United States had, in fact, begun quietly meeting rebel representatives. Although most of the paper discussion cables and memoranda released to date show that U.S. officials politely turned down rebel requests for U.S. assistance, others reveal CIA support for anti-DRA demonstrations and 123 essay help me, close monitoring of Pakistani military aid for Writing discussion, rebel parties based in Pakistan?s NWFP. Brzezinski?s decision to help the rebels was curious in light of Soviet activities in Afghanistan at the time.

According to declassified documents and this author?s interviews, Soviet officials thought the Khalqi leadership was moving too fast with its reforms and urged Taraki and Amin to moderate the pace of change and broaden their political base by including non-communists in the government. This approach, however, was more amenable to Parcham leaders who, unfortunately for me, Soviet officials, were not in Writing scientific power. When Khalq leaders sidestepped Soviet advice, Moscow sought other means to induce political change, meeting with former members of the monarchy and other non-communists to seek their participation in Creative therapy the DRA government. Soviet and other East bloc diplomats in scientific paper discussion Kabul kept the U.S. Embassy informed of their efforts. The ruling Khalqis, particularly Hafizullah Amin, had little use for Soviet counsel. The government responded to the growing opposition with increasing brutality, and the PDPA?s base continued to narrow. Amin, who as the defense minister was in How to write a science project report charge of the failed counterinsurgency operations, became the focus of Soviet frustrations.

State Department intelligence learned that, in August 1979, Moscow had decided there was no practical alternative in Afghanistan to the rule of Taraki and Amin but that Soviet officials had resolved to support the more moderate Taraki against Amin. In the discussion same month, a high-ranking Soviet military official, General Ivan Pavlovskiy, led a fact-finding mission to Afghanistan to assess the stability of the writers conclusion government. Scientific! In September, Taraki, on 123 essay help his way home from a Nonaligned Movement conference in Cuba, stopped in Moscow where he and discussion, Soviet officials reportedly discussed Amin?s future. Creative Homework Assignments Couples! Amin, perhaps sensing a coup, had Taraki arrested upon his return and executed him soon after. In October, General Pavlovskiy returned to Moscow and presented the Politburo with a grim picture of the situation below their border.

The Khalqi government had lost control of 23 of Afghanistan?s 28 provinces to various rebel forces. Left with Amin, the Soviets drew up plans for military action. By late November 1979, Soviet forces were moved to the Soviet Union-Afghanistan border. Warsaw Pact forces were also placed on an advanced state of readiness. Two Soviet battalions were quietly flown into an airbase near Kabul during the first week of December, laying the groundwork for scientific paper discussion, what was to follow. On Christmas Eve 1979, tens of thousands of Soviet troops riding in tanks and essay, armored personnel carriers stormed across the Amudarya River into the rugged Afghan countryside, while thousands more flew into the Kabul, Bagram and Shindand air bases, bringing with them exiled Parcham leaders, including Babrak Karmal, who had been hiding in Moscow. Within days, Hafizullah Amin was assassinated and replaced by Karmal who formed a new Parcham-led government. Superpowers and Doctrines of Hegemony. The Soviet invasion symbolized, ironically, the limits of Soviet influence in Afghanistan. Paper! Unable to stabilize the government through political means, Moscow attempted to do so with military force, much the same as the United States had done years before in Vietnam. To many observers in Washington, D.C., however, Afghanistan was beginning to look like another pawn on the Kremlin?s chessboard.

The invasion coincided with the How to write decline of U.S. influence in Iran and other Third World countries such as Angola and Writing scientific discussion, Mozambique in help 1975, Ethiopia in 1977 and Nicaragua in 1979 where pro-Soviet governments had seized power. It also coincided with an Writing scientific election year in Case cirque du soleil which President Carter was coming under attack from conservatives for failing to prevent these Soviet gains. Many of these U.S. observers argued that the global balance of power, particularly the geostrategic balance in South Asia, had shifted in favor of the paper discussion Soviet Union. The new dominant U.S. perception of Soviet foreign policy, as evidenced by Case assignment cirque du soleil, Afghanistan, was that it was expansionist in nature: the Brezhnev Doctrine of protecting socialist allies, U.S. conservatives claimed, had been logically extended to include expanding Soviet influence beyond the scientific Warsaw Pact. This view was best summed up in a Defense Intelligence Agency report issued days after Soviet troops entered Afghanistan: The key motivation that propelled Moscow?s move was to bring its long-standing strategic goals closer within reach.

Control of Afghanistan would be a major step toward overland access to the Indian Ocean and to domination of the Asian sub-continent.(12) Reasoning that aggression unopposed becomes a contagious disease, President Carter warned the Soviet Union on January 23rd, 1980, that [a]n attempt by any outside force to statement, gain control of the Persian Gulf region [would] be regarded as an paper assault on the vital interests of the Edgar essay U.S. and [would] be repelled by Writing scientific paper, any means necessary, including military force.(13) Journalists labeled this powerful warning the Carter Doctrine. Since, however, the United States was neither interested in assignment nor prepared for a war with the Soviet Union in Afghanistan or the Persian Gulf, Carter looked for alternative ways to Writing scientific discussion, slow down a potential Soviet drive and make Moscow pay a heavy price for its intervention. He called for international economic sanctions against the USSR and a boycott of the Olympic games being held in Moscow, sought military access agreements with several South and Southwest Asian countries, and provided more covert aid to the mujahidin. Not all U.S. officials believed that the Soviet intervention was part of an How to paper expansionist drive. While no declassified documents reveal any criticism of rebel military aid, some officials subsequently recalled in this author?s interviews that they had advocated quiet diplomacy with the Soviet Union in order to provide the Writing scientific Kremlin with a way out of what they believed was a political and The best essay, military miscalculation.(14) Moscow had its own critics as well. According to interviews with Soviet officials, days after the intervention, Soviet foreign affairs advisors pleaded with the Kremlin leadership to withdraw Soviet troops from scientific discussion Afghanistan. These advisors did not believe the intervention was worth ruining d?tente with the 123 essay help United States, Europe and China.

What is more, the scientific deeply traditional and Islamic Afghans, in their opinion, were not yet prepared for socialism.(15) Cold War attitudes, however, prevailed in both Moscow and Washington. A combination of fear, pride and superpower obligations caused the Creative homework couples leader of the free world and the vanguard of socialism to struggle violently over a destitute country the size of Texas for the next ten years. Political vs. Military Solution. Carter?s reaction to the Soviet invasion received widespread approval among policy-makers. Paper! Hard-liners, including Carter?s opponent in the 1980 presidential elections, Ronald Reagan, had warned numerous times that the couples Soviet Union was on a roll in the Third World and had to be rolled back. Moderates thought the intervention, regardless of its purpose, was an Writing scientific egregious act for which the USSR should pay a price. All agreed that the write Soviet Union should withdraw from Afghanistan. The question was how to scientific paper discussion, convince Moscow. Congressional conservatives opposed negotiations, distrusting the Soviet Union?s willingness to negotiate in good faith. Case Cirque Du Soleil! According to their view, the USSR would not withdraw unless and until it felt the costs of Writing scientific, its occupation.

Most U.S. moderates and liberals fell into line with their conservative colleagues, supporting covert aid to the Afghan rebels, with virtually no one advocating diplomacy as a means of resolving the conflict. The State Department believed that the rebels could probably continue tying up some 85,000 or more Soviet troops but that they were fragmented, lack[ed] effective national leadership, and certainly [could not] force a Soviet withdrawal.(16) After minimal deliberation at help the White House, Carter opted for a two-track approach, supporting moderate levels of covert aid while seeking a forum for a negotiated settlement. Carter?s loss to Reagan in the 1980 presidential election signalled the end of the negotiation track. The new president favored a distinctly hard-line policy toward Afghanistan. Reagan sought to make the Afghan rebels and other anti-communist insurgencies the centerpiece of the Reagan Doctrine, an aggressive initiative designed to increase the cost of paper discussion, Soviet support for du soleil, Third World socialist governments. While few believed that the scientific paper discussion Afghan rebels could force a Soviet withdrawal, Reagan and his advisors hoped to tie Soviet troops down in Afghanistan?s Hindu Kush mountains until the cost of occupation became unsustainable. The key to Edgar essay bio, this objective was Pakistan. Since the overthrow of Writing, Mohammad Daud, Pakistan had played host to thousands (and eventually millions) of Afghan refugees and rebels who had fled their war-torn country for make-shift tent villages in the Northwest Frontier Province and Baluchistan. Without the cooperation of Pakistan?s military government, led since 1977 by Gen. Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq, the help me rebels would have had no sanctuary from which to launch their operations. The Carter Administration had cut aid to Pakistan in 1977 because of concerns about its nuclear program and General Zia?s disdain for human rights and democracy.

There was ample evidence to suggest that Pakistan was actively developing an atomic bomb. In addition, the Carter White House, with its public emphasis on respect for human rights as a precondition for foreign aid, was forced to respond to Zia?s well-known history of paper discussion, brutal and dictatorial actions. The general had originally attained power by overthrowing Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. After promising elections within 90 days of the takeover, Zia postponed them indefinitely and Edgar, eventually had Bhutto executed. To the United States, however, Zia?s record of human rights abuses paled in significance when compared to the Soviet move into Afghanistan. Literally days after the Soviet invasion, Carter was on discussion the telephone with Zia offering him hundreds of millions of dollars in economic and military aid in exchange for cooperation in Help with statement graduate school helping the rebels. Paper! Zia accepted this quid pro quo, but his government remained wary of Washington?s stated commitment to protect Pakistan from possible Soviet strikes across its border. The Reagan Administration was able to gain Pakistan?s confidence by offering a huge, six-year economic and military aid package which elevated Pakistan to assignments therapy, the third largest recipient of U.S. foreign aid. The Reagan White House had equal success in persuading Congress to accept Zia as a new ally.

The conservative, Islamic general who was still pursuing a nuclear weapons program and seemed uninterested in ever holding elections was now a fellow freedom fighter boldly in charge of a front-line state. Although Zia spoke in scientific paper concert with U.S. objectives of project report, supporting Afghan self-determination and opposing the Afghan puppet government, he and his military had their own agenda in Writing scientific paper Afghanistan. Zia chose to favor the more radically Islamic rebel groups who, in some cases, were no more popular or representative than the PDPA. He was able to divert a disproportionately large share of U.S.-supplied weapons to these groups, especially the most radical one, Hizb-i Islami (Hekmatyar). Later in the war, this would cause significant problems for Creative therapy, the rebel movement. Whether the United States blindly yielded to Zia?s favoritism of the fundamentalists or was in connivance with it is scientific paper discussion still in question.

The relationship between the CIA and Pakistan?s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (ISI), the Help my personal school arm of the military responsible for distributing CIA-purchased weapons to the rebels, is not well-documented. Writing Scientific Discussion! This author?s interviews with Pakistani officials indicate that U.S. officials in Pakistan were continually advised by ISI officials that Hekmatyar?s Hizb-i Islami was the most effective rebel organization, although some officials from Pakistan?s Foreign Ministry apparently differed with that assessment. Many secular Pakistanis outside of the government worried that foreign aid for Afghan fundamentalists such as Hekmatyar also served to essay conclusion, bolster the conservative Islamic forces in Pakistan, including the military. Available documents and Writing scientific, chronology show that during the ten-year Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, U.S. officials developed a stronger relationship with Pakistan?s generals than with either the foreign ministry or the civilian opposition. Congress and Covert Aid.

Afghanistan presents a unique case of congressional involvement with a covert aid program. Whereas a divided Congress often impeded the Reagan Administration?s efforts to aid the contras in homework assignments Nicaragua, congressional hard-liners, riding a wave of bipartisan support, consistently and successfully pushed for more covert funding for the Afghan rebels than the White House ever requested. Hence, the Writing scientific debate regarding Afghan aid was relatively narrow in scope although not without tension. While everyone seemed to 123 essay me, support Afghan self-determination and a Soviet-free Afghanistan, several members of Congress, backed by conservative lobbying groups, criticized the administration for not pursuing vigorously enough a mujahidin military victory over the PDPA. Writing Scientific Discussion! It was the CIA, ironically, that cautioned against too much covert aid for the rebels. Officials from CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia, including Deputy Director John McMahon, warned Congress that too large a military support operation for the rebels might provoke Soviet retaliation against Pakistan and would certainly be subject to leakages and with my personal school, corruption. The CIA was especially resistant to calls for providing the paper mujahidin with U.S.-made weaponry. Traditionally, the Agency purchased foreign, usually Soviet-styled, weaponry in order to plausibly deny U.S. involvement if the 123 essay help me need arose. Throughout the Afghan war, the CIA purchased Soviet-designed weapons from Egypt, China and elsewhere and transported them to Pakistan. Writing Scientific Paper! Cables reveal that Chinese and How to a science, Egyptian AK-47 rifles and SA-7 anti-aircraft missiles arrived in Pakistan as early as 1980.

This covert purchasing process not only covered U.S. tracks, but ensured the availability of weapons that were compatible with the kind captured by the rebels from their Soviet-supplied enemies. In 1984, Congress passed a resolution, introduced by Senator Paul Tsongas (D-Massachusetts) and Congressman Don Ritter (R-Pennsylvania), which called for effective U.S. material aid for the rebels in their fight for freedom from discussion foreign domination. Several legislators, particularly Congressman Charlie Wilson (D-Texas) and Senator Gordon Humphrey (R-New Hampshire), tried to use the How to paper Tsongas-Ritter resolution to increase the size and quality of the Writing scientific paper discussion rebel covert aid program. While Washington and Moscow poured more weapons into Afghanistan, United Nations officials relentlessly pursued a diplomatic solution to end the war. Help! In 1982, the U.N. Secretary-General, Javier P?rez de Cuellar tasked Diego Cordovez to paper discussion, find a way for the United Nations to mediate a political settlement in Afghanistan.

For the next six years, Cordovez shuttled back and forth from New York to cirque, South Asia to the Soviet Union and to Geneva. He tried to convince the scientific paper discussion numerous parties to the conflict?the Afghan government, the various rebel groups, the Soviet Union, Pakistan, the United States and Iran?to narrow their differences so that they could agree on a set of principles or conditions under which the Creative homework assignments therapy Soviet military would withdraw from scientific paper Afghanistan. Help My Personal Graduate! Cordovez and his U.N. Scientific Paper! colleagues brought Pakistani and Afghan government representatives to Geneva on with graduate numerous occasions to discuss conditions for a political settlement. Since Pakistan did not recognize the Writing Afghan government as legitimate, Cordovez literally had to move back and graduate, forth between hotel rooms because Pakistani officials refused to sit at Writing paper the same table with the Edgar degas DRA representatives. Compounding Cordovez?s difficulties was a strong sense of scientific, mistrust between the superpowers. On a number of occasions it appeared that Pakistan and Afghanistan were ready to sign an agreement that would prohibit Pakistan from allowing material aid for the rebels to pass through its territory in exchange for a Soviet withdrawal. Essay! One or both sides, however, would consistently pull out at the last minute, raising suspicions that either Washington or Moscow was unsatisfied with the timing or conditions of the accord. To most U.S. officials, these U.N.-sponsored proximity talks looked hopeless or even frightening. In March 1983, Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Lawrence Eagleburger reportedly expressed alarm at the prospect that the following round of Geneva negotiations might result in a settlement.

About the same time, Charles Cogan, then the Writing scientific discussion CIA?s official in charge of covert operations in Afghanistan, told a journalist that Pakistan was not about to sign Cordovez?s proposed Geneva Accords at the next round or ever. He added that President Zia accepted the U.S. view that Pakistan?s security is best assured by keeping the Russians tied down [in Afghanistan].(17) On Capitol Hill, similar sentiments were voiced and Edgar degas essay, more rebel aid was appropriated. Until the scientific Soviet archives are open it will be impossible to determine how the U.S. hard-line approach affected Soviet policy toward Afghanistan. Was Moscow supporting U.N. efforts as a smokescreen for its strategy of subjugating the mujahidin, as Wilson, Humphrey and others argued? Or did increased U.S. aid for the rebels cause the USSR to essay writers conclusion, dig in deeper, suspecting that the United States was not interested in a political solution? Wilson and discussion, Humphrey eventually succeeded in galvanizing congressional backing for a stronger rebel military force in Afghanistan. Despite signs of corruption in both the Help my personal statement graduate school military and humanitarian aid programs as early as 1982, Congress ultimately provided nearly $3 billion in covert aid for discussion, the mujahidin, more than all other CIA covert operations in the 1980s combined. By 1987, the United States was providing the homework assignments couples rebels with nearly $700 million in military assistance a year, more than what Pakistan itself was receiving from Washington. In 1984, Wilson used his powerful position on the House Intelligence Committee to tack on an additional $50 million for Writing scientific paper discussion, Afghan covert aid and convinced the CIA to purchase high-quality, Swiss-designed Oerlikon anti-aircraft missiles, which could pierce the heavy armor of the USSR?s most formidable counterinsurgency machine, the Hind Mi-24 helicopter.

The CIA went even further in 1985, purchasing the sophisticated British-made Blowpipe anti-aircraft missiles. How To Paper! And in 1986, due to pressure from several congressmen and a number of bureaucrats at the State and Defense departments, the CIA provided the mujahidin with U.S.-made Stinger missiles, the most effective shoulder-held anti-aircraft weapon in scientific paper discussion the world. It was the first time the a science project paper CIA had provided U.S.-made weaponry as part of a covert insurgency support operation, and the legislative branch was largely responsible. As a congressional staffer later put it: We finally broke the Agency?s virginity. Refugees and U.S. Policy.

The dislocation of 3 million Afghan refugees in Pakistan?one of the most tragic results of the war?was something Congress, the White House and the international community could all agree on: they needed massive assistance. Ultimately one-third of Afghanistan?s pre-war population fled the country, testifying to the destruction and chaos caused largely by heavy Soviet/Afghan government aerial bombing. For political as well as economic reasons, the United States urged other countries to contribute to discussion, the refugee cause. In 1981, the U.S. Embassy in my personal statement school Islamabad asserted that if funding for the refugees were too visible, it would damage the credibility of the mujahidin by focusing attention on U.S. influence in the Afghan insurgency.(18) Dozens of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) were willing to help the refugees and rebels as long as they were provided with the necessary resources to do so. The United States channeled a significant amount of aid through favored NGOs and urged other countries to either aid the same organizations or to contribute to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Scientific Discussion! In the end, no matter who distributed the aid, much of it ended up in the hands of rebel parties, providing them with significant political leverage over the millions of Afghan exiles. In addition to the humanitarian grounds for providing aid to the refugees in essay writers conclusion Pakistan, the United States also sought to alleviate political and economic pressure on Islamabad and to help maintain a support structure for the rebels. In 1982, the CIA predicted that the presence of Afghan refugees in scientific paper discussion Pakistan would help generate political unrest and retard economic development until the end of the century.(19) While many Pakistanis demonstrated great hospitality and tolerance for the refugees, others despised their presence.

Cables from Pakistan reveal violent clashes between Pakistani border tribes and Afghan refugees over scarce resources and political, religious and personal differences. Some disgruntled tribes even took weapons and money from the Afghan government to disrupt rebel supply lines into a science paper Afghanistan. In fact, the Afghan government?s infiltration of Pakistan and the rebel parties was extensive and proved key to its survival. The government?s ministry of state security, known as KHAD, sought to buy or rent the loyalty of Pashtun tribes who inhabited the Writing scientific paper Afghanistan-Pakistan border area (the tribes often inhabited both sides of the border). Weapons and money were doled out to tribal militia who in turn interdicted rebel supply operations based in Pakistan. Some tribal leaders responded to Kabul?s material aid with political support, attending government jirgahs (assemblies) and other PDPA-sponsored activities. President Zia tried to undercut the 123 essay me Pakistan-based tribes? support for paper, the Afghan government by, among other means, conducting selective anti-narcotics sweeps through their home areas. Kabul?s strategy, however, continued to be successful, and Edgar degas essay, ultimately contributed to the rise of Najibullah, the KHAD?s director and the man responsible for this counterinsurgency campaign, to the leader of the Writing discussion DRA in The best 1986. Other kinds of counterinsurgency operations, including Soviet/Afghan government aerial search-and-destroy missions, as well as insurgency tactics, such as the mujahidin?s hit-and-run attacks on government-held garrisons and cities, were some of the principal causes of the refugee flow into Pakistan. Writing Discussion! But it was the aerial bombing that inflicted the How to write a science project most damage. Congress, determined to counter what it called a Soviet depopulation campaign, called for Writing scientific paper, an aggressive cross-border humanitarian aid program.

The Agency for International Development (AID) was tasked with implementing this unorthodox program. The objective of bio, AID?s Cross-border Humanitarian Assistance Program (CBHA) was to provide Afghans inside Afghanistan?civilians and rebels alike?with the means to survive without having to flee to Pakistan. The mass exodus of Afghans had been putting too much pressure on Pakistan, and the empty Afghan villages left the rebels with little material or moral support inside the country. AID funds went toward building hospitals and schools, growing crops, and putting money in the pockets of scientific paper, local residents. The AID reports are actually some of the richest documents in the collection, describing the situation inside the normally inaccessible parts of Edgar, war-torn Afghanistan and illustrating some of the bizarre politics of the mujahidin. As part of a pro-insurgency operation, the discussion program was unique and controversial. AID was being used to du soleil, maintain and build up the rebels? infrastructure.

As one U.S. advisor explained to Writing scientific discussion, this author in Pakistan: We borrowed a lesson from Mao. The Soviets were trying to drain the sea to kill the fish [rebels], so we?re trying to Creative homework assignments, keep the sea filled.(20) Public Diplomacy and the First Casualty of War. In addition to providing the rebels with military and humanitarian aid, the United States provided psychological support. In 1983, a unique National Security Decision Directive, number 77, was signed into action to coordinate U.S. government agencies to enhance U.S. national security and paper, counter anti-American propaganda through public diplomacy. U.S. officials had their work cut out for them in Afghanistan where media coverage was hindered by war and propaganda. To overcome these obstacles, the Help with graduate school National Security Council, in keeping with NSDD 77, formed the inter-agency Afghan Working Group, which met twice a month to Writing paper discussion, discuss ways of increasing media coverage of the war and generating sympathy and support for the mujahidin. News coverage of the war was indeed limited, especially when one considers that this was the longest war in Soviet history, the me largest CIA paramilitary operation since Vietnam, and, with 1 million dead Afghans, the bloodiest regional conflict in scientific paper discussion the world at the time. Nevertheless, no major American newspaper saw fit to station a reporter in Peshawar, Pakistan, the base of rebel political and cirque, military operations, and American television crews rarely ventured up to the Khyber Pass for a glimpse of the scientific paper discussion war.

A major reason for this, of course, was the risk involved in reporting a guerrilla war, especially this one. Case Assignment Cirque! A journalist who wished to Writing paper discussion, go inside faced a number of hazards ranging from contracting a serious disease to the chance of being killed in an air raid or ambush. What coverage there was tended to be biased toward the mujahidin. Several factors explain this. The Best! Foreign correspondents and stringers who did go to Peshawar or managed to go inside with the rebels encountered thousands of uprooted Afghans who all had horrific stories to tell about Writing paper, losing homes and relatives to Soviet/Afghan government counterinsurgency operations. Indeed, craters from Soviet bombs marked the landscape, villages were often emptied of their inhabitants, and many Afghans who found their way to Pakistan walked the streets with artificial limbs, victims of land mines. In addition, the Afghan government often proved to be an unreliable source of information, causing Western journalists to rely heavily on U.S. officials for details of the war.

The DRA in 1980, for example, reported how Walter Cronkite (apparently confusing him with Dan Rather) on a visit into Afghanistan had ordered the statement graduate execution of two Afghans?Islamic style. That same year the DRA expelled 18 Western journalists for biased coverage. Scientific! When the government allowed journalists to 123 essay help me, return to the country in 1986, the journalists discovered in Kabul another side to the story: victims of rebel land mines and indiscriminate mujahidin rocket attacks on the capital. Thus, for Writing, much of the war most reporters found it physically and journalistically safer to rely on Western diplomatic sources in Pakistan, the cover for U.S. officials at the Consulate in Peshawar or the Embassy in Islamabad. Despite the pro-mujahidin slant of Western news coverage, however, U.S. officials still complained of write a science project, its limited nature. In 1985, Senator Humphrey sought to remedy that problem. He pushed legislation through Congress that tasked the United States Information Agency (USIA) to teach Afghan rebels how to film and write about their jihad.

The USIA subcontracted Boston University?s School of Communications to train Afghans in Peshawar to become television and newsprint journalists. This program stirred controversy, drawing criticism from professors at Writing scientific the university and several American journalists who called the exercise in public diplomacy a government propaganda operation. How To Write Paper! Documents on the project, which went forth despite the criticism, show how the United States worked with rebel parties, Pakistan, a CBS cameraman and several private organizations to increase and improve coverage of the war. The United States was also able to influence coverage by Writing scientific, taking advantage of Western journalists? inability to cover the war extensively first-hand. Once a week, a USIA officer in Islamabad would read to foreign journalists portions of a Situation Report originating from the Embassy in Kabul. These Sitreps were to serve two purposes. Help! They provided U.S. officials at home and scientific paper discussion, abroad with detailed information on the political and military situation in Afghanistan. Case Du Soleil! They also formed part of the Afghan Working Group?s press and public information strategy to punch holes in Writing paper discussion the Soviet news blackout. How To Write A Science Project! The press, however, was usually allowed to hear only the first several pages of the Sitrep, which gave a relatively simplistic overview of the situation in Writing paper the country, paying special attention to government human rights abuses and mujahidin military gains. The following 20-25 detail-filled pages of the many now declassified Sitreps depicted a much more complicated and bizarre war being fought on more levels than just that of Soviet-backed communists against Creative assignments, freedom-fighting Muslims. Beyond the refugee camps and press conferences in Pakistan, a real and Writing scientific paper discussion, very destructive war was going on inside Afghanistan.

Cables from Kabul, AID cross-border reports, DIA summaries and journal articles by bio, the few reporters who bravely ventured into Writing scientific discussion war zones reveal how pockets of mountain tribesmen, toting Chinese automatic rifles and U.S. Stinger missiles, went up against well-armed Soviet and Afghan government forces. Rebel hit-and-run attacks, assassinations of PDPA members, car bombs, rocket attacks on government-held garrisons and cities and Help graduate, other guerrilla tactics were met with massive aerial bombardments, mine-sowing operations, bribes and civic action campaigns from Kabul. Places like Paghman, Khost, the Panjshir Valley, Sarobi, and Jalalabad, where the mujahidin continually bogged Soviet forces down, became familiar names to observers of this war just as Hue and Khe Sanh had in Vietnam, where for years Viet Cong rebels tied down U.S. and South Vietnamese troops. But as fierce as they were, the Muj were not the Viet Cong. It is true that U.S. military aid improved the rebels? battlefield performance. Scientific Discussion! One Pentagon report claimed that Stingers forced more tactical and air support changes in the last quarter of 1986 and the first quarter of 1987 than in the previous 7 years of the conflict.(21) Also, more and better land mines allowed the rebels to assignment cirque, disrupt Soviet supply lines and ground communications, which were already hampered by the lack of railways and good roads. No matter how much military, humanitarian, or psychological support the United States provided them, however, the mujahidin remained fractious. Scientific Discussion! It was not uncommon for Case, one rebel group to turn its guns on another. The United States was well aware of rebel infighting even before the Soviet intervention.

In 1979, rebel leaders confided to U.S. officials that they likened the idea of a dissident provisional government to putting five different animals in the same cage.(22) Saudi Arabia managed to stimulate some rebel unity by withholding aid from the various mujahidin parties until they agreed to scientific, coalesce and form a united opposition front. Yet foreign aid often did more to divide the rebels than to unite them. The Saudi government, which deposited many of its contributions into a CIA Swiss bank account, also gave direct support to Creative homework, several fundamentalist groups. Writing Paper! Some of these groups practiced Wahabbism, a puritanical brand of Islam which was alien to the majority of Afghans. Iran supported the Shiite rebels, who played an important military role in the western part of the country but were left out of power-sharing arrangements made by Case cirque, the Sunni alliance in Writing scientific paper discussion Peshawar. For its part, the Pakistani military doled out a disproportionate amount of a science project report paper, CIA-purchased weapons to Hekmatyar?s radical Hizb-i Islami party, which often used the arms against rival rebel groups. The lack of Writing paper discussion, unity impeded rebel attempts to overthrow the 123 essay help me PDPA. The more moderate, or traditionalist, rebel groups, such as those led by Writing, Sibghatullah Mojaddedi and me, Sayyid Ahmad Gailani, proposed finding a unifying leader, and they had a candidate: former king Zahir Shah.

In July 1987, a poll conducted among Afghan refugees by the independent Afghan Information Center indicated popular support for Writing scientific discussion, Zahir Shah as an alternative head of state for Afghanistan. My Personal Graduate! Hekmatyar and Writing scientific discussion, other leaders denounced the poll as propaganda by the monarchists. But U.S. officials had evidence from their own observations and conversations that many Afghans might unite around the former king for an interim period if only to help find a more expedient way to essay, negotiate a Soviet withdrawal and an end to the war. Writing Paper Discussion! Many Afghans also believed that the king, who they conceded could have been a stronger leader during his 40-year reign, was someone they could rally around to oppose the unpopular, but powerful, Hekmatyar. Diego Cordovez and his U.N. Homework Assignments Therapy! team also recognized the king as a potential key to a settlement and kept in scientific paper regular contact with Zahir Shah?s representatives at his Rome residence. Pakistan, however, refused to grant Zahir Shah a visa and How to write a science project, kept a close eye on pro-Zahir activities. Pakistan?s President Zia and his supporters in the military were determined to put a conservative Islamic ally in power in Kabul. U.S. officials and private experts yielded to the Pakistani military?s objective, some supporting it, others rationalizing that the king?s return would do little good. Some of these officials argued that as a result of the war, Afghanistan had experienced a social change: political power, they claimed, had shifted away from the tribal leaders, the maliks, and the king?s Mohammadzai clan and toward the mujahidin commanders and their political/religious leaders in Peshawar.

The Soviet presence and Islam, they reasoned, had united Afghans of different tribes and ethnic groups to Writing paper discussion, fight a common enemy. That unity was soon put to a test. On February 8, 1988, Mikhail Gorbachev surprised the world by announcing that the Soviet Union would withdraw its 100,000 troops from Afghanistan. Three days later, in the midst of celebrations in Peshawar, Professor Sayyid Majruh, the man responsible for conducting the 123 essay help me controversial Afghan Information Center poll that had shown substantial support for Zahir Shah, was assassinated in his office. His death, still a mystery, was soon followed by a string of assassinations and acts of intimidation against scientific paper, other Afghan intellectuals who shared one basic sentiment: they were almost as opposed to a fundamentalist government in Afghanistan as they were a communist one. Divisions among anti-government Afghans would only widen further. The Geneva Accords and the Soviet Withdrawal. In some ways the fragmented nature of the rebel movement worked to assignments therapy, its advantage for much of the war. The USSR could find no central rebel base of operations to bomb, no one strategy planning meeting to infiltrate, no single popular leader to negotiate with?or eliminate.

The mujahidin?s steady harassment came from all directions in this war without borders. Gen. Boris Gromov, the last commander of the Soviet 40th Army in scientific discussion Afghanistan, boasted on essay his last day in Writing scientific paper the country that [n]o Soviet garrison or major outpost was ever overrun.(23) In this guerrilla war, however, that proved irrelevant. By late 1986, the Kremlin decided that the a science paper war had become too costly. Hundreds of thousands of Soviet men had rotated in and out of service in Afghanistan and brought home all the signs of a losing, unpopular struggle: low morale, criticism of the Writing scientific discussion government?s Afghan policy, drug and alcohol abuse, and more.

The war also hit home in other ways. Billions of rubles were spent on Afghanistan instead of the crumbling Soviet economy. In the troubled Central Asian republics, Soviet Muslims had come into contact with the Afghan jihad when, at various points during the war, rebel bands crossed the sensitive Soviet border to foment unrest among the Islamic population. The impact of the Afghan war on Soviet Muslims? later demands for independence remains unclear. The Soviet Union was also changing its approach toward the Third World.

Gorbachev and his advisors, faced with staggering economic problems, thought that previous Soviet administrations had given too much unconditional support to Third World governments, some of which seemed to rely more on Soviet aid than broadly based domestic support. Gorbachev decided to tie future foreign assistance to certain understandings, one being that the recipient government had to help, concentrate on building a broad base of scientific discussion, support before implementing social and economic reforms. Afghanistan, which enjoyed a special position in Moscow?s strategy to with my personal statement graduate, protect the Soviets Union?s sensitive southern border, was no exception to scientific paper, Gorbachev?s new Third World policy. In December 1986, Gorbachev informed Afghan President Najibullah in Moscow that the Soviet military commitment to Case, his government was limited.(24) Najibullah returned to Writing scientific, Kabul and immediately launched a policy called national reconciliation, an effort to broaden the government?s political support base. How To Write A Science Project Report Paper! He announced a cease-fire and an amnesty for armed oppositionists.(25) But the war went on. Documents show that some U.S. officials in Moscow, Washington, D.C., and Kabul remained unconvinced of Soviet intentions to withdraw for Writing scientific discussion, quite some time.

In some cases, suspicions of Moscow?s ultimate objectives lingered until the very end of the Soviet pull-out. In November 1988, three months before the withdrawal was to be completed, a top official in the U.S. Embassy in Kabul claimed that the Soviet leadership might cancel their pull-out to prevent Najibullah?s government from unraveling. Although most of his colleagues disagreed, the diplomat?s suspicion illustrates a point: U.S. Homework Assignments! policy toward Afghanistan right up to paper, the end of the Soviet occupation was based on a deep mistrust of Moscow?s goals, a mistrust which continued well after the assignments couples therapy withdrawal. Writing Scientific Discussion! Policy-makers argued that if Moscow succeeded in keeping the Creative PDPA in power, then excessive Soviet influence in Afghanistan would continue. With Iran still hostile to the United States, regional stability remained threatened. On Capitol Hill, key legislators such as Humphrey, Wilson and Writing scientific paper discussion, others also distrusted the Soviet initiatives.

Months before the U.N.-sponsored Geneva Accords were to cirque, be signed in April 1988, they galvanized enough congressional support to stop the discussion White House from guaranteeing the agreement until President Reagan had promised to continue arming the mujahidin even after the USSR had withdrawn. As a co-guarantor of the accords, the United States was obligated to cut aid to the rebels on the first day of the pull-out. Humphrey and others protested that this would leave the rebels at Edgar degas essay a military disadvantage since Kabul would continue receiving aid from Moscow. Writing Scientific! Secretary of State George Shultz took this matter up with Soviet officials suggesting that both sides cease supplying their respective clients when the Help statement school withdrawal began, a proposal he called negative restraint. The Soviet Union and Najibullah refused, unwilling to accord the paper Afghan rebels the same legitimacy as the Afghan government. Soviet and Afghan officials, however, fearing a possible rebel onslaught following the Soviet withdrawal, tried desperately to Creative homework couples therapy, negotiate a power-sharing agreement with the mujahidin leaders. The rebels refused, calling the offer a ploy to keep the PDPA in power. Due to congressional pressure and over Soviet objections, the United States created a separate, unwritten clause to the Geneva Accords which stipulated that Washington could aid the rebels as long as the Soviet Union aided Kabul. The United States called this stipulation positive symmetry. Other complications almost prevented the signing of the scientific discussion accords. At the Creative assignments couples last minute, after the United Nations had convinced the Soviet Union to drop its demand for scientific paper discussion, a coalition government as a precondition to a science paper, signing, Pakistan insisted on Writing scientific discussion the formation of a rebel-dominated interim government, made up largely of rebel and other non-PDPA elements, before it would sign.

President Reagan called President Zia and assured him that the Help with my personal graduate United States would stand by scientific paper discussion, the rebels until they seized power, and homework couples therapy, that since the scientific paper USSR was probably going to withdraw with or without an The best agreement, Pakistan ought to sign. Besides, the White House had been advised that the PDPA would fall to the rebels shortly after Soviet troops had gone. On April 14, 1988, the governments of Afghanistan and Pakistan agreed?with the USSR and the United States acting as their co-guarantors?to refrain from discussion any form of interference in each other?s territory, and to give all Afghan refugees the opportunity to return voluntarily to their homeland. For their part, the Creative assignments superpowers pledged to stop interfering in Afghanistan, with the USSR agreeing to withdraw its troops. Except for the agreement on the withdrawal, the other elements of the accords would be rendered obsolete by positive symmetry. To Washington, however, that seemed not to matter, for a rebel military victory appeared to be right around the corner. On May 15, 1988, Soviet troops began their ten month withdrawal from Writing scientific Afghanistan. 1. The Best Essay Writers! United States Department of State, The Nature of the Afghanistan Opposition, August 16, 1979. 2. David Gibbs, Does the USSR Have a Grand Strategy?

Journal of Peace Research , Volume 24, Number 1, 1987: p. 368. 3. United States Department of State, Elements of U.S. Policy toward Afghanistan, March 27, 1962. 4. United States Department of State, Annual Policy Assessment, March 9, 1976. 5. Maxwell J. Scientific Paper Discussion! Fry, The Afghan Economy. Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill, 1974, p. 4. 6. Edgar Degas! United States Department of State, 1971 Policy Assessment: Policy Review-A U.S. Strategy for scientific, the 1970s, June 26, 1971. 7. United States Central Intelligence Agency, Mohammad Daud: President of Afghanistan, August 13, 1973. 8. United States Department of State, Afghanistan in 1977: An External Assessment, January 30, 1978.

9. United States Department of State, The Afghan Coup, April 30, 1988. 10. Zbigniew Brzezinski, Power and Principle: Memoirs of the National Security Adviser . How To Write A Science Project! New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1983, p. 427. 11. Author?s interview with Pakistani military official, Peshawar, Pakistan, November 1988. 12. Scientific! United States Defense Intelligence Agency, Intelligence Commentary, January 7, 1980. 13. Carter Would Fight for Persian Gulf; Seeks to Resume Draft Registration. Washington Post , January 24, 1980.

14. Author?s interview with present and assignment cirque du soleil, former U.S. officials, Washington, D.C., 1988-1989. 15. Writing! Author?s interview with Viacheslav I. Dashichev, Moscow, November 1988. 16.

United States Department of State, Afghanistan and Pakistan, March 1980. 17. Selig S. Harrison, Inside the Afghan Talks. Foreign Policy, Fall 1988: p. 41. 18. United States Department of State, Afghan Refugee Relief Update, November 16, 1988.

19. Central Intelligence Agency, Pakistan: Population Problems and Political Stability, November 1982. 20. Author?s interview with U.S. Embassy advisor, Peshawar, Pakistan, November 1988. 21. United States Army, Impact of the Stinger Missile on Soviet and Resistance Tactics in Afghanistan, March 1989. 22. United States Department of State, Nature of the Afghan Opposition, August 16, 1979.

23. Edgar Bio! United States Army, Lessons from the scientific paper War in Afghanistan, June 1989. 24. Edgar Degas Bio! A Diplomatic Solution to Stalemate: Gorbachev Never Wedded to the War. Washington Post , April 17, 1988.

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Who do you promote? 5 Qualities of a Good Leader. As your team grows, there�s increasing pressure to develop good leaders within your team. At some point ( 10 direct reports) you can�t manage everyone yourself. The logical thing to do is to get help. The best help is someone already in your company, and ideally on Writing scientific your team. They know and fit in help, your culture, and are familiar with your people and Writing paper discussion, processes. They�re also much more likely to with my personal graduate school, successfully pick up where you left off managing the team members you hand off to scientific paper, them. Chances are though, if you are going to promote someone from your team, they are likely to homework assignments, have limited or no management experience.

So how do you know who to promote? Look for these qualities of a good leader. When you�re looking at your team and trying to paper discussion, decide who would make a good future leader, be sure you�re choosing someone for Creative homework, the right reasons. Consider these 5 qualities as a starting point as you search for the right person for the job. Just because someone is your best individual contributor (IC) does not mean they will be a good manager. The qualities that make you a good leader are not all the same as those that matter in an IC role. They may also enjoy their individual work and not want to switch to management.

Don�t force it. (More on this topic in an excellent post here by Lindsay Holmwood) Quality #1: Shows empathy for others. Selfish people do not make good leaders. Paper Discussion! You cannot lead others effectively for long if you�re not considering their motivations and needs as much as your own. While it�s easy to tell if someone only cares about Case cirque du soleil themselves, there�s a lot of gray area most of us live in.

When you�re looking at your team, look for scientific paper discussion, people that have demonstrated some empathy. As this great post on Inc.com highlights, empathy changes how you handle situations: �According to Merriam-Webster, empathy is �the feeling that you understand and share another person�s feelings and emotions.� Whereas sympathy involves feeling sorry for couples, someone, empathy requires us to go a step further, and it lasts longer. Here�s an example: Imagine a colleague goes through a difficult situation; let�s say he loses a close family member in an accident. We naturally feel sympathy for him.

We may even write a card or express those feelings somehow. Paper! For the Case cirque, most part, though, we move on with our lives. But when we show empathy, we take more time �time to remember how we felt when we lost someone close to us (or how we would feel, if we haven�t had this experience). We think about how this affected our work, our relationships with others. Even further, we try to scientific paper, imagine specifically how our colleague feels in this situation. We recognize that he (like every individual) will deal with the trauma in his own unique way.� If someone on your team shows an interest and understanding in help me, how others feel in various situations that have come up, it�s a good sign they have the needed empathy to lead.

Managers have to be approachable. Scientific Paper Discussion! You can�t help fix a problem you don�t know about. Managers that build rapport and show empathy are more likely to have their team come to them with problems. Creative Assignments Therapy! This is discussion a key part of having an engaged team as reported by Gallup: As you can see, without the trust that their manager will understand them and that they can approach their manager about anything, the odds of anyone on the team being engaged is painfully low. How to Learn Empathy : If this is an area of with my personal statement school, weakness for you or a potential leader, reading Dale Carnegie�s How to Win Friends and Influence People can change how you think about working with and leading others with empathy. When you consider the scientific discussion, people on your short list for becoming a future manager, how well do they listen? Do they talk over people and push their ideas on everyone else, or do they first seek to understand the perspectives of help, others? The better the listener someone is, the more likely they are to succeed as a manager. Often, the best way to address a situation as a leader is to ask questions to truly understand a situation before reacting or responding. Last week, we covered in depth the importance of curiosity and discussion, asking questions as a leader.

In the post, we learned how academy award winning producer Brian Grazer uses questions: ��Asking questions creates the The best, space for people to discussion, raise issues they are worried about that the boss, or their colleagues, may not know about. Asking questions gives people the assignment, chance to tell a different story than the Writing paper, one you��re expecting. Most important from my perspective is asking questions means people have to make their case for the way they want a decision to degas essay, go.��. Asking good questions is scientific paper just part of being a good listener though.

Good listeners also take notes so that they remember what was discussed. Du Soleil! They�re also active listeners, meaning they seek to understand and clarify what they were told. Active listening also has the added benefit of the person talking feeling heard; you didn�t just ask the question and zone out or say �yup�okay�okay� as they explained something to you. Instead, you both walk away knowing that you understand what someone is trying to paper, communicate to you. When someone is assignment cirque du soleil stressed or upset, this can be the difference between them thinking telling you was a waste of time and feeling confident they can bring issues to scientific discussion, you. How to Learn to be a Good Listener : If this is an homework assignments area of scientific paper, weakness for you or a potential leader, reading Brian Grazer�s A Curious Mind can help understand both the power of assignments therapy, questions, and how to use curiosity as a tool in every aspect of your work.

Quality #3: Consistent and accountable. Trust is a major part of promoting leaders. If you do not trust the person you promote, it will create many problems for you and your team: You�ll micromanage the new manager , afraid that they aren�t doing a good job and try to paper discussion, do parts of it for them. Me! You�ll undermine the new manager , as you may be tempted to allow their team to go around the manager straight to you. The team may not buy into discussion, the new manager�s leadership after reading your reactions and 123 essay me, behavior. So how do you avoid these? You must promote someone you trust. And in the corporate world, trust largely comes from consistency and accountability. If someone is consistent , you know what to expect from them. That predictability allows you to feel more comfortable with less oversight over them.

If someone is accountable , you know that even if something goes wrong, they�ll fix it or take responsibility. They won�t hide from problems and they�ll work hard to deliver positive outcomes. As a leader, the example you set is the behaviors your team will follow, good or bad. If you promote someone with undesirable behaviors or habits, don�t be surprised if their entire team starts showing them as well. As Hall of Writing scientific paper discussion, Fame football coach Bill Walsh wrote: ��Others follow you based on Creative couples the quality of Writing scientific paper discussion, your actions rather than the magnitude of your declarations.��.

Make sure the person you choose to promote is someone whose actions you want others to follow, and that you�re comfortable trusting them with leading their team. How to Learn to be Consistent Accountable : Everyone is at least somewhat accountable and consistent, or they wouldn�t be able to keep their job. However, the difference between �good enough� and world-class, is wide. To be a champion and learn how to build a team that is deeply consistent and The best essay writers conclusion, accountable, read Bill Walsh�s The Score Takes Care of Itself. Want help being consistent in your promises and the quality of you 1 on 1s with your team? Then sign up for a free trial for Lighthouse, because it will help automate prep, followup, and more for you. Quality #4: Interested in the life of a leader. Every step up as a leader in the layers of an organization presents new challenges, and no change is greater than the move from individual contributor to Writing discussion, manager. This change can be a real shock.

The best way to ensure that the cirque, person you want to promote is going to succeed as a leader is to Writing scientific, make sure they�re interested in what the role is really all about. Consider for with graduate, a moment what they do and don�t see of your work day: They see you lead a discussion in a team meeting. They see you heading to scientific paper discussion, an important meeting to Creative homework couples, represent the team. They see you got to Writing discussion, make the final call after a debate. They don�t see you staying up late to catch up on email after all those meetings.

They don�t see you trying to deal with all the interpersonal team issues. They don�t see you struggling to juggle all of your responsibilities and those of the The best essay, team. Have you told them what your days are like? Have you shared your favorite and least favorite parts of the job? Help them come in with eyes wide open. Beyond your specific life as a leader, it�s also important to understand their mindset coming in. People who want to Writing scientific discussion, �be the boss� are destined to fail, while the servant leader has no limits to where they can go. This excerpt from an essay on servant leadership by conclusion, Ari Weinzweig, CEO of Zingerman�s captures this crucial mindset perfectly: � To live Servant Leadership effectively; we start with the view that we are going to treat our staff as our ��customers.�� As CEO of Zingerman��s, my ��biggest�� customers are the managing partners of each of our businesses, and the central administrative staff, all of whom report to me. In turn, each partner��s primary customers would be the managers who report to them in Writing scientific discussion, their businesses�In each case the idea is to that the leader is giving great service to his or her staff, in order to Creative homework couples, keep the service energy in the organization flowing out, toward the front-line hourly staff.

Why? Because the Writing, front-line staff are nearly always the The best writers conclusion, people who are dealing with paying customers and/or making the products we sell. And we want to make sure their energy is paper discussion freed to give the best possible service to customers coming in the front door, over the phone or via email. Why? Because, quite simply; the essay writers conclusion, better the service we give to those front-line customers, the better the organization is going to perform . Promoting people to Writing scientific, manager who are bought into the concept of servant leadership and are not afraid of Creative homework assignments therapy, what the job entails will be much more likely to succeed.

More importantly, it also will be a positive influence on their team and the leaders they will one day have to develop. How to Writing scientific paper discussion, Learn the Help with graduate, Life of a Leader : If you or your future manager wants to learn what it takes to truly lead, then there are few better books than John C. Maxwell�s 21 Irrefutible Laws of Leadership. It explains the many levels of leadership from the ineffective �boss� to the highest level of scientific, leadership: making more leaders. Quality #5: Committed to learning and The best essay conclusion, growth. Becoming a manager means taking on a new set of responsibilities and routines. No matter how much you are able to prepare a new manager for their role, there will always be more for them to paper, learn. The key for any leader to succeed is to have a mindset of continuous learning and growth. You won�t know everything you need to on day 1 on Edgar degas bio the job, and to Writing discussion, succeed as a leader, you must always be learning and adapting. This growth mindset makes all the difference, as Standford psychologist Carol Dweck has revealed in degas, her extensive research on the subject.

This image below summarizes the key differences between the mindset of continual growth and scientific paper discussion, the limiting fixed mindset. What�s important to realize is that your potential new manager�s mindset doesn�t just affect them and How to write a science project report, their ability to Writing scientific discussion, grow and adapt in their role. It also impacts their whole team. If a manager sees all of their people as fixed assets, they won�t invest in their growth or give them the kinds of challenging projects that keep your best people engaged. Conclusion! Especially with Millennials, not investing in their growth will lead to Writing paper, them becoming bored and the expensive possibility of them leaving your company for other growth opportunities.

How can you tell if they have the 123 essay me, right mindset? There�s a few easy indicators: Do they take feedback well? Do they seek out Writing discussion hearing how they can improve? Do they read regularly? Do they look for with my personal graduate school, opportunities to learn? You can also look at the chart above and see how they handle things like obstacles, challenges, etc. Scientific Paper! They may not be perfect, but your goal is to essay, understand if they�re prepared for the hard work ahead to succeed in the transition to manager. How to Learn the Mindset of Learning and Growth: If you want to deeply understand this concept of a growth mindset, there�s no better place to go than straight to the source by reading Carol Dweck�s Mindset: The New Psychology of Success.

Clearly, there are more than just these 5 qualities for a good leader, but this list will get you started in the right direction. We�d love to hear in the comments the qualities you look for in new leaders and why? Are you developing new leaders in your company? Are you looking for help getting new managers started on the right foot, building the scientific, right habits to lead and motivate their teams? Then sign up for Lighthouse. Backed by write project, research like you find in scientific paper, this post, Lighthouse is Case assignment cirque du soleil designed to make the processes of managing and motivating a team easier for managers of any experience level. Scientific Paper Discussion! You can sign up and learn more at GetLighthouse.com. An interesting follow-up article would be how to coach people who are interested in leadership positions but may not exhibit all of these qualities.

Thanks for a science paper, reading and the suggestion, Vera. I�d love to understand more about your questions around coaching. It will help us write a better follow on article. We�d be happy to expand on the areas you think are missing.

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How to Make an Acting Resume With No Experience. Putting together an actor resume is Writing probably the first and The best writers conclusion easiest thing an aspiring actor should do. But here#8217;s the conundrum: how do you make an acting resume with no experience ? If you#8217;re in this position, don#8217;t sweat it. It#8217;s not a big deal. Really, it#8217;s not. I remember myself having this exact same thought when I was just embarking on the acting journey. In reality, almost every single actor has been in a position of Writing, having an empty actor resume.

We#8217;ve all started out acting with no credits. As a newcomer, you#8217;ll have to get comfortable with the idea that you#8217;re a fresh face on the block, you won#8217;t be signed by any top talent agencies in Los Angeles (yet) and you#8217;ll have to work with what you have. Below, I will quickly walk you through what an actor resume is, what purpose does it serve, what resume you need for voice over jobs, the standards for an acting resume in Los Angeles, and the best way to go about writing your actor resume when you have no experience to The best essay conclusion, list. Before we begin, would you like a sample standard LA acting resume that you can edit with your own details? Share some social love and you can download an discussion, editable PDF. Let#8217;s start at the beginning.

After reading through this acting resume guide, if you have any questions, drop your comments here and I will try to answer them the How to a science paper, best I can. What#8217;s an acting resume, and why do you need one? I#8217;m sure everybody knows what a CV (curriculum vitae) is. It#8217;s that piece of paper that people use to show to their potential employers. Surprise surprise, an actor#8217;s resume is the exact same thing that you use when they#8217;re looking to book acting auditions in paper LA. It serves the same purpose, and is even structured similarly. Alongside your headshot, an acting resume is one of the most important actor#8217;s marketing tools that every aspiring thespian needs to with my personal graduate, have. It#8217;s your calling card. You will list all of your acting experience, education, acting training and special skills that you have alongside your contact information, and a few physical stats. Writing Discussion. Look to the right. My Personal Statement School. This is what a Los Angeles based working actor#8217;s resume looks like.

I removed the Writing paper discussion, name and contact info. When you submit for an acting job, a CD will receive your full actor#8217;s package: actor resume, headshot and, if you have it, your demo reel. The CD will look at your headshot first (!) and if you look the essay writers, part, they will turn it over to see your acting resume on the other side. They#8217;ll scan through your physical stats, your credits and, sometimes, your special skills if that applies. Say your resume looks professional, your look fits the part, and the CD is happy with your experience and credits. In this case, you#8217;re going to Writing paper, get a call about an audition. Congratulations!

You just got your first audition. Now back to the real world#8230; Even if you have not done any acting work whatsoever, you can still put together an my personal statement graduate, actor resume with no experience, and Writing paper send it over to CDs with confidence . Despite your worst delusional fears (we#8217;ve all be there, trust me), nobody#8217;s going to think of you poorly if you have little or no acting experience. CDs understand that every actor has to start somewhere, thus you may get by on cirque, your looks, physical stats, training and/or special skills alone. Most importantly, don#8217;t get discouraged if you don#8217;t. Simply move onto the next project. Writing. Bottom Line : An acting resume is what every actor needs to put together as soon as they#8217;ve decide to How to report paper, enter show business. It#8217;s their calling card. Basics of a professional actor resume.

Even though you have no credits under your belt yet, you still want to keep your actor resume looking clean and professional. Here are some basics to go by when structuring an acting CV: An acting resume is ALWAYS only Writing paper one sheet of paper. No exceptions. It must have enough white space to be read easily (hey, you#8217;re perfect for assignment du soleil, it!) It should be sized to fit a 8?10 headshot so that you can staple it to the back. Use standard fonts such as Arial or Times New Roman. Do not cram the resume with too many things.

Keep it simple and relevant. Do not use any colors. Scientific Paper. It#8217;s just black and white, plus headings for sections. Never lie on your resume. You#8217;ll be surprised how quickly that gets out. #8220; DON�T lie on your resume. Actors do this all the time and they always get caught. If you claim to have booked a guest star role on �NCIS,� it stands to project report paper, reason you would have footage from the show on your reel. Writing. If you don�t, I�m going to homework assignments, ask why. And that�s where the lie will start to fall apart. #8221; Secret Agent Man , Backstage.com.

These are the primary #8220;rules#8221; for a professional looking acting resume. Follow them and you#8217;ll be alright. If you download the sample acting resume above , you#8217;ll notice that it#8217;s slightly different from the Writing paper, resume in the picture, but the difference is irrelevant. In fact, most casting directors prefer the simplicity because it#8217;s easier to read and couples therapy remember. What matters the most in an acting resume is the basic information that#8217;s easy to see: personal details at the top, followed by scientific credits and then training. You can choose either format, just keep it clean and easy to read. And now for the acting resume format technicalities. I suggest you opening that resume sample from du soleil above so that you understand better what#8217;s what. Bottom Line : Your acting resume should look clean, professional, adapted for quick reading, and with the most recent and most relevant credits.

Your personal information . As you can see in the acting resume template I#8217;ve linked to above, and the provided Los Angeles actor resume example, we#8217;re supposed to start with some personal details. For the Writing paper discussion, purpose of this article, let#8217;s assume that you#8217;re a non-union actor with no talent agent representation, which is most likely the case anyway. Actor#8217;s name . This is where your stage name (not your legal name) goes. Simple. Union title. If you#8217;re not affiliated with any actor#8217;s union, then skip this part.

Phone number . Always use the number by which you can be reached any time. Physical stats . Self-explanatory. NEVER put your age or date of birth on the resume. Writers Conclusion. After the Writing, basic personal information, we#8217;re moving onto the credits and what acting experience you have. Help With Statement. Your acting experience. Normally, this is Writing where you would list all your credits, from television to film to degas essay bio, theater to new media.

If you#8217;re pursuing acting in Los Angeles, most of your work will be focused on Film/TV, thus one resume is usually enough. However, people in New York City, for example, will often have at least two actor resumes: one focused on screen work, one on stage work. If you don#8217;t have much acting experience, then one acting CV will be enough. Scientific. Film credits . Help My Personal Statement Graduate. In this section, start with the name of the show , followed by the type of role (NOT your character#8217;s name; see below) you did, then production company and finally director#8217;s name . Television credits . Similarly to film credits, start with the Writing, name of the show , then the Edgar degas, type of role (different to film type roles; see below), followed by television network and Writing discussion the director#8217;s name . The same applies to Web Series/Webisodes productions. Theater credits . 123 Essay Help. Again, begin with the scientific paper discussion, name of the production/play , followed by your role/character#8217;s name (this time it#8217;s the other way around), then the help me, theater company#8217;s name and paper the location of where the project report paper, production took place. Scientific Discussion. A few quick tips: Always, always list film and television credits under separate sections.

You#8217;ll see some bad actor resume examples where they#8217;re filled under #8220;Film/TV.#8221; DO NOT do this, because it will make your acting resume look very unprofessional. The reason is mostly because role types work differently on film and TV (see below). Once you get more experience under your belt, try to Help with my personal statement school, remove some of the older and/or less important stuff from the resume. Keeping it clean will make you look more professional. You also want to paper discussion, have casting directors focus on your best and most important work. You can list your credits any way you want.

Some people list them chronologically, but I usually suggest listing your best work at the top so that it catches peoples#8217; attention. Never put extra/background work on 123 essay help, your resume. The reason being is that extra work is not considered acting. Some people will do so anyway to Writing scientific paper, fill the 123 essay, space, but I strongly advise against that. If you#8217;re ever asked about that part, and scientific paper you have to say that you were actually a background on Edgar bio, the set, that will make you look very unprofessional. When listing theater credits, you don#8217;t usually name the director. However, if the director#8217;s name is discussion really well-known, I would list that either alongside the with statement graduate school, theater company#8217;s name, or instead of the location if you#8217;re short for space (similar to Writing scientific discussion, Film/TV credit format).

Your training and education . In this section, list all the Creative therapy, relevant acting training that you#8217;ve had so far. Scientific Paper Discussion. That usually includes: acting classes, workshops, formal theater/acting education and other informal acting/drama training. Begin by listing the degas, name of your acting teacher (for private/group classes) or the institution where you#8217;ve studied acting. Right next to Writing, it you#8217;ll list what type of acting classes those were, which you#8217;ll know after you#8217;ve taken them. There#8217;s too many for me to 123 essay, list, but the most common are Scene Study, Cold Reading, Audition Technique, Improv, and On-Camera Class. In the third column of scientific paper discussion, this section, it#8217;s the location. Now in terms of what goes where vertically. Normally, you#8217;ll have your formal and probably oldest acting education at the bottom, which is the homework assignments therapy, college or drama school that you went to. Even if you think it#8217;s the best type of training you have received, that#8217;s usually not how casting directors and agents think. Keep the Writing paper, classes that you#8217;re currently taking at essay writers conclusion the very top of this section, and add #8220;(ongoing)#8221; right next to them. After that, list any other acting class or workshop that you#8217;ve taken chronologically with the Writing scientific, oldest class at the bottom of the list.

Your special skills . The least useful section of your acting resume is the one that actors truly obsess over. You don#8217;t have to, because agents rarely even look here, unless there#8217;s something very specific that they want from an actor. Help Statement. With that in mind, don#8217;t over-complicate this part and list the things that you#8217;re most proficient in. Discussion. My advice for the special skills section would be to be honest with yourself. If you#8217;ve only strummed a guitar a few times in bio your life, don#8217;t put Guitar on there. If you#8217;ve played basketball in Writing scientific high school which was 10 years ago, don#8217;t put Basketball in du soleil there.

Also, don#8217;t write down things like Running and Whistling, unless you#8217;re a professional. The same goes for listing languages. Over-exaggerating about your special skills used to be a thing back in the day, but in 2015, agents think this just looks dumb. #8220; I want all of you to look up the meaning of the word �fluent.� Make sure you understand what it means before you claim you�re fluent in any language. I�m fluent in three, and I always test actors when I see one of those languages listed on scientific, their resume. Care to guess how many couldn�t respond to Creative assignments, a simple question in the language they�re supposed to be fluent in? #8221; Secret Agent Man , Backstage.com. As you can see, agents do care and they do their due diligence. Bottom Line : Always stick to scientific paper, the standard actor resume format, and don#8217;t reinvent the wheel. Agents and essay conclusion casting directors should be able to Writing scientific discussion, scan through your resume fast. Let me give you quick breakdown of film and television role types. Creative Homework Assignments. This is something every aspiring actor in Los Angeles has to paper discussion, know.

You#8217;ll be surprised how often you#8217;ll soon be using these terms. Series regular Main character(s) on the show under contract for Case assignment, a certain period of time, usually for the duration of the whole show/season. Recurring Second most important TV acting role type. These are usually signed to appear on Writing discussion, the show on multiple episodes. Guest star Third biggest part where the character is directly involved with the plot of the TV show, usually for a single episode, but sometimes several episodes.

Co-star A small speaking part that will only Creative assignments therapy be involved in one episode for a small period of screen time. Under 5 (U5) Normally applicable only to Writing scientific, daytime dramas where the character will have less than five lines. Lead Protagonist. Main character of the story on whom the How to write project, whole film is centered. Supporting Secondary character which can be just as important to the film/story. Principal A small part with spoken lines where the scientific paper discussion, character will usually interact with one of the above characters for a short period, but doesn#8217;t add much to the story. Featured A non-speaking part where the character gets enough facetime. This is not the same as an Extra, but sometimes Extras are promoted to Featured roles. Help Me. And that wraps up the whole technical part of an actor#8217;s resume. Please feel free to come back to this article when you#8217;ll need help with structuring your actor resume format.

I#8217;ve already mentioned this, but don#8217;t stress about not having any acting experience. Yes, it is Catch-22 where you can#8217;t get work because you have no experience but you can#8217;t get experience without acquiring work. Welcome to Hollywood. A) The first thing you may want to do is think about discussion whether you definitely have no experience. Creative Homework Assignments Couples. Maybe you#8217;ve been in some small plays, or student films, or even indie films with your friends? List them all! Anything where you have actually done acting can go on your resume, even if it#8217;s a small part in a silly project. B) The next step is discussion obvious: you need to write a science project report, search for opportunities to Writing discussion, act. The easiest way to How to a science report paper, acquire some credits for your resume is to visit your local community college for some stage work.

You can also browse through free casting websites, Craigslist, filmmaking websites and forums where people are looking for actors who would work for free. Paper. If you#8217;re willing to do some work for essay, no reward, that means you#8217;ll find opportunities faster. Writing Paper. C) The third thing you can do is produce something yourself. I#8217;ve already talked about the importance for actors to writers conclusion, create their own projects, and the earlier you start, the better. All you need is a few bucks, a smartphone with a decent camera and Writing some time. You can gather up a couple of friends, write a screenplay for a short film, shoot it on your phone and put it up on with statement, YouTube.

That#8217;s your first credit. I would advise against buying memberships on casting websites just yet. Scientific. If this is your first time venturing into Creative assignments couples therapy the world of performing arts, give it some time, and see if you even like the craft of acting before spending money. You will be surprised how quickly your resume will start growing if you dedicate some time to Writing, this, and if you#8217;re willing to work for Case cirque, free. There are a lot of opportunities out there, especially if you move to Writing paper discussion, a big city such as Los Angeles, New York City, Atlanta, Vancouver in Canada or London in bio England. Once you start receiving some acting work, remove your older, #8220;silly#8221; credits and replace them with the most recent stuff. Writing Paper. Finally, try to have fun.

People often forget about this myself included but it#8217;s an integral part of succeeding as an actor. Me. After all, don#8217;t we all want to become actors so that we can have fun instead of work?

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Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts has two locations in Writing Pasadena and Case assignment cirque du soleil Hollywood within beautiful Southern California. As a respected school, Le Cordon Bleu has great career placement assistance. Scientific Paper! Their Career Services Departments help alumni and graduates find exciting culinary jobs all over Edgar bio, the country. At Le Cordon Bleu, students begin by Writing, gaining a thorough understanding of classical French cooking techniques and essay conclusion terminology. Professional chefs teach the courses at discussion, Le Cordon Bleu. Le Cordon Bleu offers an impressive selection of diploma options for students. Students can choose to receive a basic Culinary Arts diploma, or choose a more specialized diploma option. Le Cordon Bleu also offers diplomas in Hospitality Restaurant Management, as well as a diploma in help me Pastries Baking.

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On its website, the Texas Culinary Academy offers profiles of its successful graduates. Graduates go on to work for major corporations like Whole Foods. Some students also choose to The best writers, stay in Texas and work at elite restaurants like Aquarelle or The Oasis. Writing Scientific Paper Discussion! Prospective students seeking more information about the Texas Culinary Academy can find it at www.chefs.edu/austin. French Culinary Institute in New York, NY. At the Creative therapy, French Culinary Institute, students are able to delve into their favorite kitchen discipline, whether it�s the art of bread making or preparing a specific regional cuisine.

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Visit www.chefs.edu/orlando for more information about the Orlando Culinary Academy. New England Culinary Institute in Montpellier, VT. If you love the idea of studying in New England, then you will love what the New England Culinary Institute has to offer. What makes the NECI a great option to consider is the wide range of scholarships it offers to prospective students. The NECI prepares its students for a variety of career paths. Students go on to be everything from food writers and Writing scientific paper discussion critics to pastry chefs. Some of the various scholarships students can apply for at the NECI are the Academic Excellence Scholarship, Culinary Excellence Scholarship, or the New Endeavors Scholarship. The Excellence Scholarships require a GPA of 3.0 or higher, but the good news is help, that scholarships total $5,000 or more. The school offers two other scholarships entitled the Life Long Learner Scholarship and the Industry Professional Scholarship.

The requirements for scientific paper these awards are different, but recipients are still in line to couples therapy, receive around $5,000. Check out the scientific discussion, NECI's website for more information on scholarships at www.neci.edu. The NECI is worth a good look for prospective students. Scottsdale Culinary Institute in write a science project paper Scottsdale, AZ. The Scottsdale Culinary Institute offers a breath taking campus for its culinary students. Writing Paper! The open air and majestic mountains provide a gorgeous backdrop for a culinary education. More than scenery, the Scottsdale Culinary Institute offers a world-class program through the renowned Le Cordon Bleu. The Scottsdale Culinary Institute offers two locations for its diploma programs.

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On its website, L'Academie also features a student job board specifically for L'Academie enrollees. Essay! Students can also post their resumes online through L'Academie's Career Center as a perfect way to market their skills to future employers. For recreational students looking to learn fine cuisine as a hobby, L'Academie offers amazing opportunities as well. In Participation Classes, students prepare a menu and enjoy some hands-on learning that culminates in a feast. Whether you are a serious prospective culinary student or recreational student, be sure to go to L'Academie's website for more information. Check out www.lacademie.com. California Culinary Academy in San Francisco, CA. Another wonderful school offered through Le Cordon Bleu, is the California Culinary Academy in Writing scientific discussion San Francisco. It doesn't get much better than spending the Creative homework couples, day learning cutting-edge culinary techniques, then jumping into the Pacific Ocean for a swim after class. San Francisco is Writing discussion, a culinary hotbed of innovation, with restaurants and ever-expanding job opportunities for creative culinary students.

Offering the best in high quality, career-minded culinary training since 1977, California Culinary Academy is the place to How to a science project report paper, earn the much-desired Le Cordon Bleu and Culinary Arts Associate's Degree. The best part is that you can earn this degree in as little as 18 months. Scientific! Financial aid and career placement are available to all who qualify as well. Within a new 100,000 square-foot facility on Potrero Hill, students enjoy studying in a safe environment while taking advantage of the magnificent training kitchens. The modern architecture of the new facility is a stunning statement that mirrors the progressive program. Whether you are earning your degree in Hospitality Restaurant Management, or the Patisserie and Baking program, you enjoy the Creative assignments couples therapy, freedom to choose from many fields of culinary study at the California Culinary Academy. Stop by scientific paper, the website today to cirque, learn more at www.chefs.edu. The International Culinary School at The Art Institute of Phoenix. For some ambitious prospective students seeking a first-class culinary education, the first school on their list is the Writing scientific paper discussion, International Culinary School at The Art Institute of Phoenix.

This school offers three different culinary programs, including: Baking and Pastry Arts, Culinary Arts, and Culinary Management. The Art Institute of Phoenix has over 40 sister schools across the Case, nation, and is surrounded by a mostly warm climate and lots of Writing paper, attractions. The Institute of conclusion, Technology has three different locations for your convenience. Clovis, Modesto, and Roseville are where you will find some great culinary advancement opportunities. Here you can earn your Culinary Specialist, or Culinary Professional Diploma. These two differ because the Culinary Specialist Diploma can be completed as a prerequisite to the Culinary Professional Diploma. Discussion! A Diploma as a Baking and Pastry Specialist is available in addition. The Art Institute of California.

The International Culinary School at the Art Institute of California is located in Santa Ana. Essay Writers! This school offers programs in the Art of Cooking, Baking and Pastry, Culinary Arts, and Culinary Management. Known as the largest school system in North America, and sister to the previously mentioned Art Intstitute. The Art Institutes consist of 40 different locations. However, some degree programs may vary by location. Lincoln College of Technology.

Diplomas and Associate Degrees are available at Writing paper, this school, located in West Palm Beach, FL. My Personal Statement School! Hands-on training and scientific fast track programs designed to help you excel as a culinary professional make this school well-known and unique. This school has provided qualified professionals for over 60 years. The YTI Career Institute in Lancaster, PA is committed to providing students with the fundamentals necessary to be a successful culinary expert. YTI currently offers a Diploma in 123 essay Pastry Arts as well as an scientific paper discussion, Associate's Degree in Culinary Arts and Restaurant Management. The 52,000 square-foot campus was remodeled recently to add four kitchen labs and 2,000 square feet of demonstration room to the new culinary division. Stratford University of Virginia is accredited by the American Culinary Federation, and has plenty of degree options for culinary students. Among these are the Professional Diploma in Advanced Culinary Arts, Associate�s in Applied Science in Advanced Culinary Arts, and the Associate in Applied Science in Baking Pastry Arts. With excellent graduation and cirque placement rates, Stratford could be the right school for Writing discussion you.

The Art Institute of Seattle. Discover a world of possibilities at the International Culinary School at the Art Institute of Seattle. You can choose from these basic culinary programs: The Art of Cooking, Baking Pastry, Culinary Arts, and Culinary Arts Management. Student loans, grants, and work-studies are available to those who qualify. Come visit this school anytime, along with the home of conclusion, Microsoft and Starbucks. Oregon Culinary Institute. Learn the skills necessary to run your own bakery or restaurant in less than one year. Oregon Culinary Institute sits on a magnificent 13,000 square-foot campus located in Writing scientific paper discussion Portland, OR. Assignment Cirque Du Soleil! Available to you are several degree programs: Baking and Pastry Diploma, Baking and Pastry Management Associate in Writing paper discussion Applied Science Degree, Culinary Arts Diploma, Culinary Management Associate in Applied Science Degree, Restaurant Management Diploma, and last, but not least is the cirque du soleil, Restaurant Management Associate in Writing discussion Applied Science Degree. All are wonderful experiences to further you on 123 essay help, your career path, so take your pick. Lincoln College of New England.

Lincoln College of New England is accredited by the New England Association of scientific paper discussion, Schools and Colleges, Inc. Here you can earn an Associate Degree in Culinary Arts or Culinary Management. Help! As one of the only schools in Connecticut to offer culinary arts degrees, Lincoln College of New England strives for paper discussion the best in Case assignment du soleil student life, activities, and socialization to provide a relaxed, friendly environment where student chefs excel.

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How Do You Make a Business Plan PowerPoint Presentation? Whether you�re an Writing scientific paper entrepreneur preparing to give an official business plan PowerPoint presentation, or you're getting ready to deliver a proposal to a prospective client, one thing�s for sure: You�ve got a lot riding on these slides . Do you know how to make a PowerPoint presentation that will get that resounding �Yes!� from your audience? If not, worry not. We�ve got all the tips and resources you need to make a smashing impression with your upcoming PowerPoint presentation right here! Download the Guide to Creative homework assignments Making Great Presentations (Free eBook) Also, be sure to grab a copy of the perfect compliment to this tutorial, our free eBook: The Complete Guide to Making Great Presentations . It will help you master the presentation process, from: initial idea, through to writing, design, and delivering with impact. Now let's learn step by step how to make a great business plan PowerPoint presentation. How to Customize a Professional PowerPoint Template. Step 1: Choose the Perfect Business PowerPoint Template. Sure, you could just open PowerPoint, throw a bunch of pictures and charts up every which way and call it a day. But if you�re going to do that, you might as well skip your business plan presentation altogether and accept defeat now.

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Since I enjoy animated presentations, I�m going with that version. Finally, choose your favorite color template, launch it, and we�re ready to Help with school start editing! Seems weird to discussion start with the Edgar, saving option when we haven�t created anything in our presentation yet, doesn�t it? Not so weird when you understand the scientific paper, two things we�re trying to conclusion avoid: First, we don�t want you accidentally overwriting your template file with this specific presentation. Second, we don�t want to risk losing the work we�ll do to an unexpected program freeze or any other technical hiccup. So, the first thing you want to do after opening your template is to scientific discussion click on File in your horizontal menu bar, and then click Save As� Save your PowerPoint presentation before getting started. Give your file the desired name and save it to the appropriate location on your computer. If you don�t already do so, get into the habit of hitting Ctrl + S (or Command + S , if you�re working on a Mac) every now and again to make sure you�ve saved the latest changes made to your presentation.

Step 5: General Editing and cirque du soleil Options. In the center part of your screen, you have the first slide of Writing scientific paper discussion, your presentation. In the left-hand side of your screen you can see a vertical menu containing all the different slides of your presentation. And in assignment cirque du soleil the top portion of discussion, your screen you see various horizontal menu bars and options that will help you edit your presentation. The great thing about assignments couples making a PowerPoint presentation from a template is that anything and everything you see on a slide is editable. That means you can make your presentation look exactly like you want it to. Let�s start with the text elements in Writing paper discussion this step and move on to the graphic and visual ones in 123 essay help the following step. Double-click on the title of Writing scientific, your first slide to Edgar essay change the words �Our Business Plan� to the name of your presentation. Do the same for the subtitle and all other textual elements on the first slide to add your details.

Change the title text. When you�re happy with the paper, information on the first slide, go over to the left-hand side menu and click on the second slide. Help Statement School? Double-click on Writing discussion, any piece of writing or numbers on the slide to homework edit, just like before. Change the Writing paper discussion, wording to fit your presentation, or delete a piece of text entirely if it doesn�t suit your purposes. Want to add a new line of Case assignment cirque du soleil, text where currently no text appears? Click once on the edge of the slide�s grey background to deselect any item you may currently have selected with your mouse. (You should see no editing boxes anywhere on the slide when all items are deselected.) Then double-click where you want the Writing paper, new text to appear and begin typing, as in the image below. Add new text to statement school your slide.

Using the top menu of Writing discussion, your software, you can edit any new or existing piece of text to the size, font, color, and look you like. The options are countless! In the Case cirque, same way, you can change, add, or delete any textual elements on any of your presentation slides. You can even change text that doesn�t run horizontally on your screen as the word �Renew� in slide 4 of our Modern Business Plan PowerPoint Presentation. Editing angled text. Simply double-click it and type to edit. Step 6: Images, Graphics, and Other Elements. Knowing how to make a PowerPoint presentation say exactly what you want it to say is only half the work. Scientific Paper Discussion? The other half is making it show exactly what you want to show. Which is just as easy! You can edit, change, or delete any icon, picture (or picture placeholder), and graphic element you see on your template.

Let�s start with pictures. The little images with a yellow sun shining over green mountains that you see in the screenshot below and How to report paper which appear scattered throughout your template mark the Writing paper discussion, location of picture placeholders. PowerPoint template picture placeholders. You can think of these picture placeholders as ghost pictures. They�re merely holding the space that your actual picture will occupy once you insert it into writers conclusion, your presentation. When you click on the picture-placeholder icon, a dialog box will appear on your screen so you can select the Writing scientific, picture you want to use from your computer. Alternatively, you can also drag a picture from your computer over to the picture placeholder to automatically add it on. The best thing about picture placeholders?

No matter how large your image is, it will be automatically resized to fit the area occupied by the placeholder. Look how different my picture looks when I add it to slide 1 of the template� Add a large image to your presentation. And when I add it to slide 8 of the Help with my personal statement graduate, template. Add a small image to your presentation. Same picture, same process, same template. Both additions took just two seconds of scientific discussion, my time and I�ve had to make absolutely no changes to my picture. Magic! A good powerpoint template doesn�t just allow you to degas essay bio add pictures to your presentation but also has places for icons. Whereas pictures are the full-colored photographs you can add to a presentation, icons are simpler graphic elements that help enhance the main points of your presentation through visual representation. To change an Writing scientific paper discussion icon in your PowerPoint presentation simply click on it once to select it, and then right-click (or click down with two fingers on a Mac trackpad) to bring up the options menu.

Change the PPT slide icon. Choose the Change Picture option. When the dialog box opens, find your saved template folder, choose the icons subfolder, select your desired icon, and click insert. Add a star icon to your slide. You can resize, reshape, and recolor all png icons in any way you like using the right-hand side and write paper top menu bars of your program. Resize and scientific paper discussion recolor a PPT template icon directly in PowerPoint. Finally, let�s talk about 123 essay me other visual elements of Writing scientific paper, your presentation, such as graphs. Our template already contains a number of degas bio, graphs in it, and like all other elements, these are fully editable. To change a graph simply click on the specific element you want to change and drag it to a new position, change it�s color, or resize it to fit your data. Notice how in the example below I�ve changed the size and Writing scientific color of both the red and light blue lines in Creative homework couples therapy the chart of Slide 6 of our presentation template. Edit infographics from your presentation template.

Each business PowerPoint presentation is as different as the entrepreneur or freelancer creating it. And in scientific paper discussion addition to changing the homework assignments, text and visual elements of each slide, you may also want to delete entire slides of the template or add new ones to your specific presentation. To delete a slide, simply select it from the left-hand side menu, double-click (or click down with two fingers on Writing scientific paper, a Mac trackpad) for the options menu and select Delete Slide . Delete a slide from your presentation template file. As you can see in Creative homework assignments couples therapy the image above, the option above Delete Slide says Duplicate Slide . If you want two slides with the same layout in your presentation, simple click that option and scientific paper a new, duplicate slide will be added right after the original one. The options menu also gives you the choice to add a New Slide , which will be added right after the slide you�ve clicked on.

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But that doesn�t mean you can�t make changes to the order of Case assignment cirque, your slides. You can reorder the scientific paper, slides in your presentation in any way that suits you and your purposes. To change the order of your slides, simply click on a slide in the left-hand side menu to select it, and degas essay bio then click-and-hold your desired slide and drag it to its new position. Click and drag to re-order your slides. Remember that at Writing scientific discussion the beginning of this tutorial I told you I would choose the animated version of the tutorial? Well, you can change even the The best essay writers conclusion, animation of our business plan presentation to fit your taste.

Click on any slide in your presentation and then click on Transitions in Writing scientific discussion the main horizontal menu bar of your software. The slide I�ve selected in the image below has a transition called Fly Through . But as you can see in the area I�ve highlighted in red below, you can choose to change that transition to anything else that fits your goals. Adjust your slide transitions. You can also change the duration of the How to a science project report, transition and even add a sound if you so wish. Keep in mind though, a light touch goes a long way with transition animations. After all the clicks and Writing scientific discussion changes it�s finally time to view the masterpiece you�ve created in real time! Always play your presentation before presenting it to your clients or prospects to make sure that everything flows nicely and makes sense. The last thing you want is a small transition hiccup or other minor detail to undermine the work you�ve put into assignments couples therapy, creating an awesome presentation. Go to scientific paper the beginning of your PowerPoint presentation, choose Slide Show in the main horizontal menu bar and then click the Edgar essay, first option below that, Play from Start . Sit back and enjoy!

Play your presentation to review it. Finding the Ideal PowerPoint Presentation Template for You. Remember that this is Writing paper discussion just one business plan PPT presentation example. With the same process and easy steps, you can change any PowerPoint presentation to The best essay writers conclusion fit your needs and purposes. For example, if you want a colorful, print-ready presentation that your clients can take home with them, the Max Pro - Business Plan PowerPoint Presentation template might be just the scientific discussion, one for you. If, however, you�re looking for something with a more corporate look that comes in both light and dark tones for a dynamic twist, check out the Business Plan PowerPoint Presentation template that�s sure to stun any members of the board. If you�re after a clean yet creative look that captures your business sense while still allowing your creative side to shine through, I�d recommend you go for the Business Plan StartRight Presentation Template.

If you�re a visual type who loves the organizational style and Creative assignments couples therapy easy flow of infographics you�ll love the Business Plan Infographic PowerPoint template. Suffice it to say that it comes fully customizable in 7 different color schemes, including both light and dark, has fully editable vectors and icons, and contains over 1100 slides in total! Want to really pull all the stops out and impress your prospects not only with your business plan and its professional presentation, but also with your creative customization skills? Then try your hand with the Marketofy - Ultimate PowerPoint Template. It comes with 200 unique slides, 24 color schemes, 2500 vector icons, 3 ratio modes including print-read, and is fully editable and customizable! Talk about going pro with your business plan powerpoint presentation! Here is a showcase of PowerPoint templates for presenting business plans:

Whatever your needs, desires, and Writing paper PowerPoint editing skills, there�s a PPT template out there that�s just right for you. Conclusion? Once you find it, apply the 10 steps outlined above to paper turn it into essay, your own masterpiece that will help you convince your prospects and close your deal! Which is Writing paper your favorite business plan PowerPoint presentation template? Download Our (Free) eBook on Making Great Presentations. We have the perfect compliment to this tutorial.

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