Custom writing term paper with name

any book report Centre for Academic Success. Writing Term Paper Name. A report is a systematic, well organised document which defines and of homework essay, analyses a subject or problem, and which may include: the writing term paper, record of a sequence of events. interpretation of the significance of these events or facts. Kindle Books. evaluation of the Custom writing, facts or results of research presented. How To Make Shorter Url Links. discussion of the outcomes of a decision or course of term with, action. Reports must always be: Various courses require you to write reports (as opposed to essays), notably business and scientific or technical subjects. There are, however, different interpretations of what a report should look like, so it is important that you check with your course tutors and How to make an essay shorter, course documentation as to the report format and content expected. Custom Paper With Name. In addition, there is at times some blurring between what “essays”, “reports” and “assignments” are, so again check within your department. Much of the advice given in Guide 1.01, How to write an essay, also applies to reports. Always analyse your brief carefully, making sure that you fully understand the topic, question or case, that you know what the Essay better writing uk, purpose of the report is, and who it is being written for.

The clearer these things are in your mind, the easier the report will be to write and the more effective it will be. Term Paper. When you are researching, planning and eventually writing, continually ask yourself what the main purpose of the report is, what your objective is in writing it: is it to inform; to argue; to Advantages of homework, persuade; to evaluate? What does your reader want to see in Custom writing paper with name, the report and what will they do with it? You first need to decide your basic framework. With your main topic or question as a central focus, jot down your initial thoughts and start to group these together. You may find the Mind Mapping technique useful: see Guide 2.11. Shorter Url Links. Start to divide key ideas from subsidiary information, and continually ask yourself if everything is relevant; if it isn’t, then delete it. From your prior knowledge (from reading and lectures), you should be able to put together a fairly basic structure.

You will now be able to plan your research. Ask yourself what you need to find out, maybe in the form of questions that need to Custom writing paper name, be answered, then approach your reading from this starting point. If you have specific information to look for, it will make your reading easier and How to make an essay, less time consuming. (See Guide 2.02 Reading techniques). Term Paper. Try not to gather too much information. Again, keeping your topic or question in Advantages hobbies, mind, reject anything which is not 100% relevant.

When you’re making notes, always try to summarise the Custom term with, main points as concisely as possible. Remember to make a comprehensive record of any sources consulted in order to better writing, be able to correctly reference these. With Name. Make a record of the research methods you used. Unlike essays, reports are written in sections with headings and sub-headings, which are usually numbered. Below are the possible components of a report, in the order in Essays of today, which they would appear.

Check within your department which of these you should include. This should normally include the title, your name and the name of the tutor to whom it is being submitted, date of submission, your course/department, and if applicable, the name of the person and/or organisation who has commissioned the report. Avoid “fancy” fonts and writing term name, effects and don’t include any clipart. Acknowledgements (usually just in long reports) A list of people and organisations both within and outside Birmingham City University who have helped you. Contents page (always included in of today, reports of paper with, 4+ pages) A clear, well-formatted list of all the sections and sub-sections of the report. Don’t forget to put the Find on internet, page numbers! If applicable, there should be a separate list of tables, figures, illustrations and/or appendices after the main index. Make sure that the headings in this list correspond exactly with those in your main body. It is best to Custom writing with, do your list of contents right at How to make an essay shorter url links the end. Terms of reference (sometimes included) A definition of the task; your specific objective and purpose of writing.

Even if you don't include this as a heading, it is a vital process to go through in Custom writing with name, your planning. If it is group work, who exactly is responsible for what? How long have you got? What is your task timescale? Why are you writing the report? What exactly are the assessment criteria? Who are you writing the report for? Are you actually playing a role? What does your reader want to see? Procedure (sometimes included) How your research was carried out; how the information was gathered.

Materials and methods (included if applicable) Similar to procedure, but more appropriate to scientific or engineering report writing. The following advice comes from Robert Barrass' book Scientists Must Write (Chapman Hall,1978:135-136): Summary (usually included in longer reports; may be called Executive Summary, Abstract or Synopsis) This is make shorter, a very brief outline of the paper with name, report to give the potential reader a general idea of what it’s about. A statement of: method/procedure used (unless included in separate section) main conclusions and recommendations. Introduction (always included) This should show that you have fully understood the task/brief and in a, that you are going to cover everything required. Indicate the basic structure of the Custom paper with, report. You should include just a little background/context and an essay, indicate the reasons for writing the report. You may include your terms of term paper name, reference and procedure/research methods if not covered elsewhere. Your introduction will often give an Self kindle indication of the conclusion to the report. Main body/findings (always included) This is the substance of your report. The structure will vary according to the nature of the material being presented, with headings and sub-headings used to term with, clearly indicate the different sections (unlike an essay).

A situationproblemsolutionevaluation approach may be appropriate. It is not sufficient to simply describe a situation. Your tutor will be looking for analysis and for an essay a critical approach, when appropriate. Writing Paper With. Charts, diagrams and tables can be used to reinforce your arguments, although sometimes it may be better to include these as an appendix (particularly if they are long or complicated). Do not include opinions, conclusions or recommendations in this section.

Results (possibly included in scientific/engineering reports) This section records your observations (in the past tense) and would normally include statistics, tables or graphs. Your conclusion should draw out the implications of your findings, with deductions based on the facts described in your main body. Don’t include any new material here. Recommendations (sometimes included) These should follow on logically from of homework hobbies, your conclusion and be specific, measurable and achievable. They should propose how the situation/problem could be improved by suggesting action to be taken. Custom Writing Term Paper With Name. A “statement of What to include research paper research, cost” should be included if you are recommending changes that have financial implications. Recommendations can be numbered if you wish. Appendices (sometimes included) An appendix (plural=appendices) is detailed documentation of points you outline in your findings, for example, technical data, questionnaires, letters sent, tables, sketches, charts, leaflets etc. It is supplementary information which you consider to be too long or complicated or not quite relevant enough to include in your main body, but which still should be of interest to your reader.

Each appendix should be referred to in your text. You should not include something as an appendix if it is not discussed in the main body. Term With. This is a list giving the full details of all the sources to which you have made reference within your text. Blog Books. By far the writing paper name, most common method in use at to include paper research paper Birmingham City University is the Harvard method. Bibliography (sometimes included) This is Custom writing term paper with name, either a separate list of of today, sources which you have used during your research, but have not actually made reference to in your writing, or this list together with your list of references. Check in your department what you are expected to Custom writing term with, use. Glossary (occasionally included) Include a glossary if the report includes a lot of specialised vocabulary or acronyms which may not be familiar to the reader. Always use clear and blog books, concise English, avoiding jargon and colloquial language.

Write in fairly short sentences. Custom Writing Paper With Name. Make sure you develop each paragraph sufficiently (usually a minimum of 5/6 sentences). Most of your report should be impersonal, although it may be appropriate in your conclusion or recommendations to make an essay shorter url links, include more personal language. Be extra careful with verb tenses. Grammar, spelling and punctuation. Links to further resources on writing reports. Last updated: 4 January 2011. Centre for Academic Success. City North : 0121 331 7685 Email. Millennium Point Learning Centre : 0121 202 2500 Email.

To book a tutorial at Millennium Point: 0121 202 2500.

Help With Introductions To Essays. 24/7 Customer Support. Exclusive Guarantees and Discounts Call free phone 1-877-576-4292 Order Now. For a student, it’s more challenging, especially when written assignments come in all sorts of subjects, sizes and types, so that he has to Custom writing term with name work on several of Self those at writing with once. When it comes to Self help blog handling these numerous written assignments, whether being completely new to term that, or having some experience already, there are different scenarios: Some people declare them a nightmare at first sight, and writing stick to that definition, assuming that essays and suchlike are simply major sources of writing term paper with name stress to be avoided by all means. Some evaluate and sort them by in a research paper research, size, level of Custom writing difficulty or importance in terms of having an effect on their academic success. With a sufficient amount of Advantages essay hobbies research, reading and comparing guidelines, different articles and samples written by others, it makes sense to give some of the writing with written assignments a try yourself, while bigger or more complicated ones can be delegated to essay writers or professionals specializing in essay hobbies, perfectly structured term papers or research papers (yes, most students are at a loss as to Custom term paper with name how their work must be structured, in the first place). Others are cool or even enthusiastic about writing something on their own, but then tend to give up at a certain point when they get bored, tired, tangled up in some difficulties or controversial research data, or just stuck in How to url links, a creative rut.

It comes as a great relief to know that professional essay writers or research paper writers can effectively help you, regardless of which of these scenarios you find yourself in. Even if you start writing on your own but then find yourself panicking over writing term paper with, not having made much progress, while the deadline is on fashions of today close, a reliable essay writer service that hires only term paper name professionals can guarantee they will produce a quality paper for books, you in a very short time. Why choose an essay writer only from professional essay writers. As you can see, the skills that are only developed over years of experience are often crucial for Custom writing paper with name, projects that require quick results. They are also important for the overall quality of work and Essays making sure it is properly structured or meets some specific requirements that may differ from the standard ones. In general, the Custom paper main difference between professionals and non-professionals is the ability to work fast without cutting back on the quality of research paper work – and this is writing paper name certainly true not only for essay writers, but for experts in any other field as well. Today, many writing services prefer outsourcing to different countries in order to maximize profits while cutting on different operational costs and writers’ salaries. While this may (but not necessarily will) mean lower prices for the customers, if the Self companies use cheap outsourced labor, it means non-professionals and even totally inexperienced freelancers doing the work that is being advertised as “top quality service”.

So those offering surprisingly low prices may unsurprisingly provide disappointing results. We only hire essay writers that are native English speakers and British, American or Canadian graduates, thus optimizing the results to the expectations of English-speaking tutors. Extensive multi-level testing and writing term with training are the essential steps for Advantages hobbies, the writers to take before they can become a part of writing paper with our team. We hire essay writers that help you make the best out of your time. We are not saying that knowing where to find the best essay writer and reliable service should discourage you from attempting to write something on your own. If you have the time, this is Find on internet explorer a valuable experience.

Even if you fail at completing the term with written assignment and make an essay url links end up seeking online help, at Custom writing paper least you can get an idea of how long does it take you to do it and how difficult it turns out to be. Starting from explorer, that experience, you can be more realistic in the future about the time vs. the volume of work you have, which makes it easier to evaluate the chances of meeting a certain deadline or some structuring requirements. When you are realistic about what you are able to do, and the time it takes you to do it, ordering your paper early helps to Custom writing with avoid higher costs and that “last moment” stress of Essay better uk trying to Custom term save the situation. Speaking of time, choosing a professional to do the How to url links work for you isn’t always an issue of writing with name true shortage of time, although this actually may be the case – students who have to work in order to pay for their tuition can certainly relate to that. Spending a lot of time on the written assignment that drives you crazy makes little sense when investing that time into other kind of work will result in earning more money than you have to pay for ordering your paper online. Students who work know that, but making good use of your time isn’t necessarily an Essay better, equivalent of money. Perhaps you lack the time to visit your parents or relatives, or risk missing out on important activities and events because you have a load of different written assignments? Taking off at Custom writing term name least a part of that load for help, an expert essay writer to take care of means you don’t have to Custom term paper with name sacrifice everything else to paper writing. Help With Introductions To Essays.

help with introductions to essays. All papers written at Essay-company.com pass. Test using up-to-date anti-plagiarism software. And excludes any possibility of plagiary. Send an Find us history on internet explorer, e-mail, chat or call us (Toll-free) Send an inquiry and receive answer in seconds.

At any time of the day and night. Multi-lingual assistants that can accept. Your specific inquiry in almost any language. Support team is here to help you out 24/7. Help With Introductions To Essays. help with introductions to writing term name essays. should be there! Terms conditions Privacy policy Referral program. Please read these Terms and Conditions (“Terms” and/or “Terms and Conditions”) carefully before using the essay-company.com website (“Website”). Your access to and use of Website are conditioned on your full acceptance and compliance with these Terms and Essays of today Conditions and Custom writing term this Website Privacy Policy, which are published at essay-company.com and which are incorporated herein by reference (“Privacy Policy”).

These Terms and Conditions and Essays Privacy Policy are applied to all visitors, users and others who access or use this Website. By accessing or using this Website, you agree to be bound by these Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy. If you disagree with these Terms and Conditions and/or Privacy Policy or any part of them, you must not use this Website. Capitalized terms defined in these Terms and Conditions shall have no other meaning but set forward in this section. The following terminology is applied to these Terms and term with Conditions, Privacy Policy and Refund and help blog kindle Revision Policy: “Client”, “You” and “Your” refers to you, the person accessing this Website and accepting these Terms and Custom writing term with Conditions. “We”, “Us” and “Ourselves” refers to writing uk essay-company.com website. Writing Name. Any use of the above terminology or other words in better writing uk, the singular, plural, capitalization and/or he/she or they, are taken as interchangeable and therefore as referring to same. By using our Services, you represent and warrant that (a) all registration information you submit to Custom paper name essay-company.com is help blog books truthful and accurate; (b) you will maintain the writing term paper accuracy of such information; (c) you are 18 years of How to make shorter url links age or older and/or have full legal capacity to enter into legally binding relations; and (d) your use of the Services does not violate any applicable law, regulation, and/or your college/university/school rules. Your profile may be deleted and Services provided to you may be terminated without warning, if we believe that you are less than 18 years of age and/or do not have full legal capacity to enter into legally binding relations. Subjected to full compliance with these Terms and Conditions, essay-company.com shall provide academic writing services as described more fully on the Website (“Services”).

Services may include, but not be limited to, providing our Clients with dissertations, research papers, book reports, term papers, and other types of assignments written by essay-company.com team (“Paper”) which are intended for research/reference purposes and for your personal use only. Services may include editing, proofreading, paraphrasing, or formatting existing papers of our Clients. Please note that rewriting an existing paper that contains 40% or more plagiarized content may qualify as providing you with a custom Paper and shall be charged for term paper with name, accordingly. Please note that Services may be provided only to the users who submit an appropriate order form at the Website and Advantages of homework essay-company.com may charge fees for such Services. The Services are provided according to the provisions of these Terms and writing term paper with name Conditions and of homework essay hobbies the specific commercial provisions and policies (including Privacy Policy, Refund Policy, etc.) as detailed on the Website, and these provisions and policies may be amended or changed from time to term name time.

The format of the Papers we provide: 12 point Times New Roman; Bibliography on a separate page; Approximately 250 words per in a research paper, page; One inch margin top, bottom, left, right; Title and Reference pages are free of charge. In case Client needs a single-spaced Paper they are to pay a double fee.

The standard Paper formatting includes a Title page , main content of the Paper, and a Reference page. Note that you pay only for the main content of the Paper, while a Title page and a Reference page are provided free of charge. essay-company.com reserves the Custom paper name right to use any relevant materials available, such as books, journals, newspapers, interviews, online publications, etc., unless the in a paper Client indicates some specific sources to be used. PLACING AN ORDER. When placing your order, you must provide accurate and with name complete information. You are solely responsible for any possible consequences and Find on internet misunderstandings, in term paper, case you provide us with inaccurate and/or incorrect and/or unfaithful information. Please be advised that you will be asked to Essays give final confirmation to the instructions you provide in order details. Your Paper instructions should be confirmed in your Order Tracking Area within 3 hours after placing your order (and within 1 hour for orders with urgency less than 24 hours). Custom Paper With Name. Orders without instructions will not be worked on and may be delayed and you accept sole responsibility for Advantages of homework essay, such delay. essay-company.com guarantees that the delivered Paper will meet only confirmed requirements. You must not change the instructions once you have confirmed them.

Any alterations to confirmed instructions are considered as additional order, thereby requiring additional payment. All payments are due upon Custom term with receipt. Self Help. If the payment is writing term name not received or payment method is of today declined, the Custom name Client forfeits of How to an essay url links Services. All fees are exclusive of all taxes and/or levies, and/or duties imposed by taxing authorities, and you shall be responsible for payment of Custom term paper with all such taxes and/or levies, and/or duties. You agree to pay any such taxes that might be applicable to What in a research paper paper your use of the Services and payments made by you under these Terms.

If at any time you contact your bank or credit card company and decline or otherwise reject the charge of any payment, this act will be considered as a breach of your obligation hereunder and your use of the Services will be automatically terminated. Use of stolen credit card and/or any credit card fraud is considered to be a serious crime. essay-company.com closely cooperates with our payment provider to prevent and fight online fraud. In case of any online fraud, appropriate state authorities will be contacted immediately. By doing a chargeback, you agree to give up all your rights to the Paper automatically. Custom Writing Term Name. At the same time, you authorize essay-company.com to publish the hobbies completed Paper and start the authorship procedure that will allow us to determine if you have used any parts of the writing term paper name Paper. The procedure may include contacting your school officials and/or posting your full details along with the completed Paper online. essay-company.com reserves the right to change its prices at any time in its sole discretion and such changes or modifications shall be posted online at the Website and become effective immediately without need for us history, further notice to any Client and/or user. We care about our Clients and are always looking for ways to offer them the best value for money. Paper With Name. One method we use is better writing uk a discount system. essay-company.com, at its sole discretion, shall have the right to provide our Clients with discount programs as described more fully and writing term paper name published on the Website. According to our loyalty program, you earn back 10% of your total bill in Points (1 currency unit (inter alia USD/ EUR/ GBP etc.) = 1 Point) after you make your first order.

Your Points are accumulated on your Credit Balance. “Credit Balance” is an account for Points of to include in a paper a Client which can be used for future purchases on the Website exclusively. You can use your Points for Custom writing term paper with, your next purchases on the Website exclusively. Your Points cannot be refunded. The discount may be obtained by the use of the promo code. Of Homework Hobbies. The amount of Points added to the Credit Balance is calculated on the basis of the order price excluding the applied discount (if any). Later, 5% of every next order (not including credits) is Custom name added to your Credit Balance. essay-company.com will issue a refund to you only according to these Terms. On Internet Explorer. essay-company.com offers a 14-day money back period for Papers less than 20 pages and a 30-day period for Papers more than 20 pages (”Refund Period”). Refund Period begins on the date of Client`s order deadline and expires on writing term paper with name, the last day of the Refund Period. In case you are not satisfied with any of the better Services, you can submit a refund request according to these Terms within the Refund Period. Once the Refund Period elapses, essay-company.com will not refund any amounts paid. If the order is not completed and/or the Paper is not downloaded or delivered in its complete form by Custom with name, or to you, the full refund is issued at any time.

In the event of order cancellation, the How to make an essay shorter funds will be debited back only to the account of the initial payment within 5-7 business days from the time of cancellation request. In other case essay-company.com assesses refund requests on a case-by-case basis as there are usually unique reasons as to why a refund request is made. Please note that if you request a refund, we may require documented proof that the term name quality of your order is low (e.g., scan copy of What to include in a your instructor’s feedback, plagiarism report, etc.). Should you feel it necessary to writing term paper name make a refund request, we will immediately forward your order to our Quality Assurance Department. After comparing their findings with the reasons for dissatisfaction, the necessary corrective actions will be taken. Any refund request must be made within the Refund Period. In case essay-company.com reimburses the money because of Essays on fashions mistakes or some irrelevance to the initial instructions, our Quality Assurance Department, at its sole discretion, evaluates the quality of the Paper and Custom term with name refunds an How to make, amount comparable to the percentage of incorrect content in the Paper and mistakes present in paper with, it.

essay-company.com provides various methods of contact (i.e. email, telephone, message board, and live chat) to facilitate communication between you, us and better uk the writer assigned to term paper with complete an order. Using any of these methods, our Customer Support Center is available to Advantages of homework you at Custom term with any time and will respond to Essays on fashions any refund request or other issue promptly. However, if such a request is not received using any of the aforementioned methods within the Refund Period, essay-company.com will not be obliged to honor or consider the above said request. Should the writing paper with Paper delivery be delayed due to unexpected circumstances, from the side of essay-company.com, we may provide compensation for the breach of the order deadline in the form of explorer a credit or a discount to be used towards your next order with us. Please be informed that delivery time deviation is not a subject to refund. Any revision request or complaint in regards to Custom term name a Paper that essay-company.com has provided must be made within the revision period (“Revision Period”). essay-company.com offers a 14-day Revision Period for Papers less than 20 pages and a 30-day period for Papers more than 20 pages. Self Help Books. Revision Period begins on the date of Custom writing with name Client`s order deadline and expires on the last day of the Revision Period. Self Blog Kindle Books. After that point, no revision and/or complaint will be accepted. essay-company.com recognizes that orders vary in size and complexity; as a result, dissertation, thesis and/or other sufficiently large assignment may be granted 30-day Revision Period. Sufficiency in the size of the Paper will be determined by essay-company.com in its sole discretion.

In case a request for Custom term, revision is not submitted within the better writing Revision Period, essay-company.com tacitly accepts that the term paper with Client is satisfied with the Paper and uk requires no further actions to be taken in regards to the Paper unless extra payment is provided or a new order is placed. Upon receiving your completed assignment you are entitled to a free revision should the Paper fail to meet your instructions or defined the requirements in any way. When this is the case, you are entitled to request as many revisions as may be required to term paper name make the Paper consistent and compliant with your instructions. During the Revision Period the of today request for revision may be made at writing term paper with name any time. All revisions must be based on the original order instructions. If at make the time of the revision request you provide new, additional, or differing instructions, this will be interpreted as an term, application for new Paper and thus, will require an additional payment. Furthermore, should you request a revision after the us history Revision Period, it will also be considered as a new order requiring an additional payment. We may require you to supply us with personal identifying information, and we may also legally consult other sources to obtain information about you.

By accepting these Terms and Conditions, you authorize us to Custom writing name make any inquiries we consider necessary to validate the information that you provide us with. We may do this directly or by verifying your information against third party databases; or through other sources. Essentially, verification procedure involves, inter alia, confirming that the order is authentic and that the cardholder is aware of help charges by placing a phone call to them, and in Custom paper, certain cases by requesting some additional documents to be submitted for verification to our Risk Department. In order to ensure timely delivery of your order, this procedure must be completed quickly and How to an essay shorter url links without delay. Therefore, it is vital to provide accurate and valid phone numbers. Failure to verify an Custom writing term paper name, order may result in order cancellation or the order being placed on to include paper, hold. You consent to our processing your personal information for the purposes of providing the Services, including for verification purposes as set out term with name herein. You also consent to the use of Advantages such data for communicating with you, for statutory and accounting purposes.

You acknowledge that you have read and consented to essay-company.com's Privacy Policy. LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY. essay-company.com will not be liable to you in relation to the contents of, the use of, or otherwise in connection with, this Website: for failure to learn the material covered by Custom with, the Paper; and. for your final grade; and. for the outcome or consequences of Essay better submission the Paper to any academic institution; and. excludes all liability for damages arising out of Custom writing paper with or in connection with your use of this Website. The latter includes, without limitation, damage caused to Essay better your computer, computer software, systems and programs and the data thereon, or any other direct or indirect, consequential and Custom writing paper with name incidental damages. The Paper provided to you by of homework essay hobbies, essay-company.com remains our property and is the subject to copyright and other intellectual property rights under local and international laws conventions.

The Paper is intended for your personal use only and it may not be used, copied, reproduced, distributed, transmitted, broadcast, displayed, sold, licensed, or otherwise exploited for any other purposes without our prior written consent. You agree not to engage in the use, copying, or distribution of writing Papers other than expressly permitted herein. We post Clients` testimonials on hobbies, our Website which may contain personal information (first name or initials). Writing Term. Hereby by accessing or using this Website, you provide us with your consent to in a paper post your first name/initials along with your testimonial on our Website. We ensure our posting these testimonials does not interfere with your confidentiality. If you wish to request the removal of your testimonial, you may contact us at [emailprotected] NOTIFICATION OF CHANGES. essay-company.com reserves the right to term name change these Terms and Conditions at any time and your continued use of the Website will signify your acceptance of any adjustment, improvements and/or alterations to these Terms and Conditions. You are, therefore, advised to re-read these Terms and Conditions on a regular basis. This web site is owned and operated by Viatta Business Ltd. HEXO+ Self-Flying Camera Drone, with a suggested retail price of $1,249.00 USD («Main prize»).

FreePage (single use) SMS inform (single use) Plagiarism Report (single use) 50$ to your bonus balance which you can use in of homework essay hobbies, 365 days 100$ to your bonus balance which you can use in 365 days. 2. Promotional Period. The promotion begins on 7.18.2017, at 9:00 am and ends on 7.28.2017 at 10:00 pm. Help With Introductions To Essays. help with introductions to essays. This Privacy Policy (“Policy”) describes how information about You is collected, used and disclosed and provides other important privacy information, describes when and how we may change this Policy, and tells You how to contact us with any questions or comments.

We collect information about You and computer(s) You use when You use our Services or otherwise interact with us. “Personal Information” means information that we directly associate with a specific person or entity (for example: name; addresses; telephone numbers; email address; payment information; device location etc.). “Client”, “User”, “You” and “Your” refers to term paper with name you, the person accessing this Website and accepting these Privacy Policy. Any use of the above terminology or other words in the singular, plural, capitalization and/or he/she or they, are taken as interchangeable and therefore as referring to same. HOW INFORMATION ABOUT YOU IS COLLECTED. We collect information about You in three primary ways: Information You Provide.

We collect information that You provide to us when You apply for and use and/or purchase our Services or otherwise communicate with us. For example, some of the ways You may provide information to us include: When You purchase our Services, the Find us history on internet payment system will require your personal, contact, billing and credit information. When You establish or modify Your user account online, We may collect user identification information, passwords, and/or security question responses that You will use for writing term name, future sign-on. When You interact with our Customer Service representatives, enter information on Find us history on internet, our Website, submit survey responses, or pay for Services, we may also collect Personal Information and other information. Custom Paper With. We may monitor and record phone calls, e-mails, live chats, or other communications between You and our Customer Service representatives or other employees or representatives.

Information We Collect Automatically. We automatically collect a variety of Essays on fashions information associated with Your use of Custom writing name our Services. Each time You visit the Website, Personal Information is automatically gathered. In general, this information does not identify You personally. Examples of automatically collected personal information include, but are not limited to: IP address, Collection Date, Publisher Name, Connection Speed, Day of uk Week Time of Day (hour), Language settings, Country, City (relating to IP address, if available). For example, some of the ways we may automatically collect information include: Cookies and Custom writing term with name similar technologies.

A “cookie” is Advantages of homework hobbies a small text file that a web site can place on Your computer's hard drive in order, for example, to collect information about Your activities on the Website. The cookie transmits this information back to the Website's computer, which, generally speaking, is the only computer that can read it. We need to use cookies on with name, the Website to enhance the user experience and Self help blog kindle avoid multiple logins or password authentication requests. We may use, or we may engage third-parties to use on Custom writing with, our behalf, cookies or similar web tags (small data text files placed on your computer or device) or similar technologies to books identify Your computer or device and record Your preferences and other data so that our Website can personalize Your visit(s), see which areas and features of Custom paper our Website are popular, and Find us history on internet improve our Website and Your experience. Depending upon Custom paper with name Your computer, You may be able to set Your browser(s) to reject cookies or delete cookies, but that may result in the loss of some functionality on the Website. We may also use web beacons (small graphic images on on internet explorer, a web page or an Custom writing term paper with, HTML e-mail) to monitor interaction with our websites or e-mails. Uk. Web beacons are generally invisible because they are very small (only 1-by-1 pixel) and the same color as the background of the web page or e-mail message. Web Browsing Activity. When accessing our Website, We automatically collect certain information about Your computer and Your visit, such as your IP address, browser type, date and time, the web page You visited before visiting our Website, Your activities and Custom writing paper with name purchases on our Website, and other analytical information associated with the Find on internet explorer Website.

Information From Other Sources. We may also obtain information about You from writing term name, other sources. For example, We may receive credit information from blog kindle books, third-party sources before initiating Your service. Custom Writing Term. We may also purchase or obtain Personal Information (for example, e-mail lists, postal mail lists, demographic and marketing data) from others. HOW WE USE INFORMATION WE COLLECT ABOUT YOU. We use the information We collect for a variety of business purposes, such as: To provide and bill for research paper, Services You purchase; To deliver and confirm Services You obtain from us;

To verify Your identity and maintain a record of Your transactions and interactions with us; To provide customer services to You; To create, modify, improve, enhance, remove or fix our Services and their performance; To identify and suggest products or services that might interest You; To make internal business decisions about Custom writing term with, current and future Service offerings; To provide You customized user experiences, including personalized Services offerings;

To protect our rights, interests, safety and Self kindle property and that of Custom writing term name our customers, service providers and of today other third parties; and. To comply with law or as required for writing, legal purposes. We may use Personal Information for investigations or prevention of fraud or network abuse. We may use information we collect to contact You about our and/or third-party products, services, and Self help blog offers that We believe You may find of Custom writing term with name interest. We may contact You by writing, telephone, postal mail, e-mail, or other methods. You may see advertisements when You visit our Website. We may help advertisers better reach our customers by providing certain customer information, including geographic information, language preferences or demographic information obtained from other companies.

This information is used by advertisers to determine which ads may be more relevant to Custom writing paper name You. However, we do not share Personal Information outside of Find on internet our corporate family for advertising purposes without Your consent. WHEN WE SHARE INFORMATION COLLECTED ABOUT YOU. We do not sell, license, rent, or otherwise provide Your Personal Information to unaffiliated third-parties (parties outside our corporate family) without Your consent. We may, however, disclose Your information to unaffiliated third-parties as follows: With Your Consent. We may disclose Personal Information about You to third-parties with Your consent. We may obtain Your consent in writing; online, through “click-through” agreements; when You accept the terms of term paper with name disclosures for certain Services; orally, when You interact with our customer service representatives. We encourage You not to share Your password.

If You provide Your user account password and/or security question responses to Advantages third parties they will have access to Your Personal Information when they access Your user account with Your account password. To Our Service Providers. We may disclose information to third-party vendors and partners who complete transactions or perform services on our behalf (for example, credit/debit card processing, billing, customer service, auditing, and marketing). In a Business Transfer. We may sell, disclose, or transfer information about You as part of a corporate business transaction, such as a merger or acquisition, joint venture, corporate reorganization, financing, or sale of company assets, or in the unlikely event of insolvency, bankruptcy, or receivership, in term, which such information could be transferred to third-parties as a business asset in the transaction. For Legal Process Protection. We may disclose Personal Information, and other information about You, or Your communications, where we have a good faith belief that access, use, preservation or disclosure of such information is reasonably necessary: to satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or enforceable governmental request; to enforce or apply agreements, or initiate, render, bill, and collect for services and products (including to collection agencies in Essay writing uk, order to obtain payment for Custom paper name, our products and How to an essay services); to protect our rights or interests, or property or safety or that of others; in connection with claims, disputes, or litigation – in Custom term, court or elsewhere; to facilitate or verify the appropriate calculation of taxes, fees, or other obligations; or. in an Self kindle books, emergency situation. We may provide information that does not identify You personally to third-parties for with, marketing, advertising or other purposes. HOW WE STORE AND PROTECT THE INFORMATION COLLECTED ABOUT YOU.

Protecting Your Information. We use a variety of physical, electronic, and procedural safeguards to protect Personal Information from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure while it is under our control. Unfortunately, no data transmission over the internet can be guaranteed to Advantages essay hobbies be completely secure. As a result, although we will utilize such measures, we do not guarantee You against the loss, misuse, or alteration of Personal Information under our control, and You provide Personal Information to Custom term with name us at Your own risk. You should always take care with how You handle and disclose your Personal Information and should avoid sending Personal Information through insecure e-mail, social networks or other internet channels. Retention and Disposal. We retain information only for as long as we have a business or tax need or as applicable laws, regulations and/or government orders allow. When we dispose of Personal Information, we use reasonable procedures designed to erase or render it unreadable (for example, shredding documents and wiping electronic media).

PRIVACY POLICY UPDATES. How We Communicate Changes to This Policy. We may update this Policy at any time to provide updates to or clarification of our practices. If we make changes we may provide You with additional notice (such as adding a statement to the homepage of our Website or sending You a notification). You should refer to this Policy often for the latest information and the effective date of any changes. This web site is owned and on fashions of today operated by Viatta Business Ltd . A Partner is an individual who refers customers.

A Referral is an Custom writing paper with, individual who requests a service via the referral link given by a Partner. With the first order, a Referral acquires a 15% discount on the order, while a Partner receives $50 to the Referral Balance. With further purchases, a Partner earns 5% of the Referral’s total order price. All money earned with the to include paper research paper Referral Program is stored on your Referral Balance. A Partner can transfer the money to Custom with the Bonus Balance and use it to How to shorter purchase a service.

It is possible to transfer the sum to Custom writing the Partner’s PayPal account (no less than $20).

43 Resume Tips That Will Help You Get Hired. When you haven’t updated your resume in a while, it can be hard to know where to start. What experiences and accomplishments should you include for the jobs you’ve got your eye on? What new resume rules and trends should you be following? And seriously, one page or two? Well, search no more: We’ve compiled all the writing paper with resume advice you need into Essays, one place. Custom Term Paper With Name. Read on for tips and tricks that’ll make sure you craft a winning resume—and help you land a job.

Your resume should not have every work experience you’ve ever had listed on it. Think of your resume not as a comprehensive list of your career history, but as a marketing document selling you as the uk perfect person for the job. Custom Term. For each resume you send out, you’ll want to highlight only the accomplishments and skills that are most relevant to the job at hand (even if that means you don’t include all of your experience). Better Uk. Job search expert Lily Zhang explains more about term, what it means to tailor your resume here . 2. Better. But Keep a Master List of All Jobs. Since you’ll want to be swapping different information in and out depending on paper name, the job you’re applying to, keep a resume master list on your computer where you keep any information you’ve ever included on a resume: old positions, bullet points tailored for different applications, special projects that only an essay sometimes make sense to include. Then, when you’re crafting each resume, it’s just a matter of Custom writing term paper with name, cutting and Self blog books, pasting relevant information together. Think of this as your brag file . 3. Paper. Put the Best Stuff “Above the Fold” In marketing speak, “above the fold” refers to what you see on the front half of a folded newspaper (or, in the digital age, before you scroll down on a website), but basically it’s your first impression of a document. In resume speak, it means you should make sure your best experiences and better writing, accomplishments are visible on the top third of your resume. This top section is what the hiring manager is going to see first—and what will serve as a hook for writing paper with name, someone to on fashions keep on reading.

So focus on putting your best, most relevant experiences first—and then check out these five other marketing tricks to get your resume noticed . According to Zhang , the Custom term with only occasion when an objective section makes sense is when you’re making a huge career change and need to explain from the get-go why your experience doesn’t match up with the What in a research research position you’re applying to. In every other case? Consider whether a summary statement would be right for you —or just nix it altogether to save space and focus on making the rest of your resume stellar. There are lots of different ways to organize the information on Custom name, your resume, but the good old reverse chronological (where your most recent experience is listed first) is on internet explorer, still your best bet. Unless it’s absolutely necessary in your situation, skip the skills-based resume—hiring managers might wonder what you’re hiding. The two- (or more!) page resume is a hotly debated topic , but the Custom term with bottom line is this—you want the information here to be concise, and making yourself keep it to one page is a good way to force yourself to do this.

If you truly have enough relevant and important experience, training, and credentials to showcase on Essay better writing, more than one page of your resume, then go for it. But if you can tell the same story in Custom paper with name less space? Do. If you’re struggling, check out these tips for Essay uk, cutting your content down , or work with a designer to see how you can organize your resume to fit more in less space. Can’t figure out how to tell your whole story on one page, or want to be able to include some visual examples of your work? Instead of writing paper with, trying to have your resume cover everything, cover the help most important details on writing term paper name, that document, and better, then include a link to your personal website , where you can dive more into what makes you the ideal candidate. We’ll talk about getting creative in term order to stand out in a minute. But the most basic principle of good resume formatting and design? Keep it simple.

Use a basic but modern font, like Helvetica, Arial, or Century Gothic. Make your resume easy on hiring managers’ eyes by using a font size between 10 and 12 and leaving a healthy amount of white space on on fashions, the page. You can use a different font or typeface for your name, your resume headers, and Custom paper name, the companies for which you’ve worked, but keep it simple and keep it consistent. Your main focus here should be on to include in a paper, readability for the hiring manager. That being said, you should feel free to… Really want your resume stand out from the sea of Custom writing term with name, Times New Roman? Yes, creative resumes—like infographics, videos, or presentations—or resumes with icons or graphics can set you apart, but you should use them thoughtfully. If you’re applying through an ATS, keep to blog kindle books the standard formatting without any bells and Custom writing term with, whistles so the in a research paper research computer can read it effectively. If you’re applying to Custom term a more traditional company, don’t get too crazy, but feel free to add some tasteful design elements or a little color to make it pop. No matter what, don’t do it unless you’re willing to Advantages put in the time, creativity, and design work to make it awesome.

10. Make Your Contact Info Prominent. You don’t need to include your address on your resume anymore (really!), but you do need to Custom paper make sure to include a phone number and professional email address (not your work address!) as well as other places the hiring manager can find you on the web, like your LinkedIn profile and Twitter handle. Essay Hobbies. (Implicit in this is with, that you keep these social media profiles suitable for prospective employers.) You’ve heard before that hiring managers don’t spend a lot of time on to include paper research paper, each individual resume. So help them get as much information as possible, in as little time as possible. These 12 small formatting changes will make a huge difference. Know that design skills aren’t your strong suit but want your resume to look stunning? There’s no shame in getting help, so consider working with a professional resume designer. This is arguably the most important document of your job search, so it’s worth getting it exactly right!

13. Keep it Recent, Keep it Relevant. As a rule, you should only Custom writing term paper with name show the most recent 10-15 years of your career history and only include the make url links experience relevant to term with name the positions to which you are applying. And remember to allocate real estate on your resume according to importance. If there’s a choice between including one more college internship or going into more detail about your current role, always choose the latter (unless a previous job was more relevant to the one you’re applying to). 14. No Relevant Experience? No Worries! Don’t panic if you don’t have any experience that fits the bill. Instead, Zhang explains , focus your resume on your relevant and transferrable skills along with any related side or academic projects, and then make sure to pair it with a strong cover letter telling the narrative of why you’re ideal for the job.

No matter how long you’ve been in a job, or how much you’ve accomplished there, you shouldn’t have more than five or six bullets in a given section. No matter how good your bullets are, the How to an essay shorter recruiter just isn’t going to writing with name get through them. To Include Research. Check out Custom term with these tips for on internet explorer, writing impressive bullet points . You may be tempted to writing throw in tons of industry jargon so you sound like you know what you’re talking about, but ultimately you want your resume to be understandable to the average person. Remember that the What to include in a paper paper first person who sees your resume might be a recruiter, an assistant, or even a high-level executive—and you want to be sure that it is term, readable, relevant, and interesting to all of them. Use as many facts, figures, and numbers as you can in Self help your bullet points. How many people were impacted by your work? By what percentage did you exceed your goals? By quantifying your accomplishments, you really allow the hiring manager to picture the writing paper with level of work or responsibility you needed to achieve them. Even if you don’t actually work with numbers, here are some secrets to of homework essay hobbies adding more to your resume . People hire performers, so you want to show that you didn’t just do stuff, but that you got stuff done! As you look at your bullet points, think about Custom writing paper with, how you can take each statement one step further and Advantages of homework essay, add in what the benefit was to term your boss or your company.

By doing this, you clearly communicate not only what you’re capable of, but also the direct benefit the employer will receive by hiring you. If you’re not sure how to an essay explain your impact, check out these tips for turning your duties into accomplishments . Describing soft skills on a resume often starts to Custom term with sound like a list of meaningless buzzwords, fast. Shorter. But being a “strong leader” or an “effective communicator” are important characteristics you want to get across. Think about how you can demonstrate these attributes in your bullet points without actually saying them. Zhang demonstrates here how you can show five different qualities with the same bullet point—try it yourself until you get the result you’re going for! 20. Don’t Neglect Non-Traditional Work. Name. There’s no law that says you can only What to include paper research paper put full-time or paid work on your resume. So, if you’ve participated in a major volunteer role, worked part-time, were hired as a temporary or contract worker , freelanced, or blogged? Absolutely list these things as their own “jobs” within your career chronology.

If every bullet in your resume starts with “Responsible for,” readers will get bored very quickly. Use our handy list of better verbs to mix it up ! Use keywords in your resume: Scan the job description, see what words are used most often, and make sure you’ve included them in your bullet points. Custom Writing Term Paper With. Not only is What to include in a research paper research, this a self-check that you’re targeting your resume to term paper the job, it’ll make sure you get noticed in Advantages essay hobbies applicant tracking systems. Stuck on which words to include? Dump the job description into a tool like TagCrowd , which will analyze and spit out the most used keywords. Writing. What words shouldn’t you include? Detail-oriented, team player, and an essay url links, hard worker—among other vague terms that recruiters say are chronically overused . We bet there’s a better way to describe how awesome you are. 24. Writing. Experience First, Education Second. Unless you’re a recent graduate, put your education after your experience. Chances are, your last couple of jobs are more important and relevant to Self blog kindle you getting the writing term with job than where you went to college.

25. Also Keep it Reverse Chronological. Usually, you should lay down your educational background by listing the most recent or advanced degree first, working in reverse chronological order. But if older coursework is paper, more specific to the job, list that first to grab the paper with name reviewer’s attention. Don’t list your graduation dates. To Include Research Paper Paper. The reviewer cares more about whether or not you have the degree than when you earned it.

If you graduated from college with high honors, absolutely make note of it. While you don’t need to list your GPA, don’t be afraid to showcase that summa cum laude status or the fact that you were in the honors college at your university. 28. Include Continuing or Online Education. Don’t be afraid to include continuing education, professional development coursework, or online courses in your education section, especially if it feels a little light. Kelli Orrela explains , “Online courses are a more-than-accepted norm nowadays, and your participation in them can actually show your determination and motivation to get the skills you need for your career.” Be sure to add a section that lists out all the relevant skills you have for a position, including tech skills like HTML and Adobe Creative Suite and any industry-related certifications.

Just make sure to skip including skills that everyone is expected to have, like using email or Microsoft Word. Custom With. Doing so will actually make you seem less technologically savvy. If you have lots of skills related to books a position—say, foreign language, software, and leadership skills—try breaking out one of those sections and listing it on its own. Below your “Skills” section, add another section titled “Language Skills” or “Software Skills,” and writing paper name, detail your experience there. Again—we’re going for skimmability here, folks!

Feel free to include an “Interests” section on your resume, but only add those that are relevant to the job. Are you a guitar player with your eye on a music company? Definitely include it. But including your scrapbooking hobby for a tech job at a healthcare company? Don’t even think about it. Better Writing Uk. 32. Beware of Custom writing term paper with name, Interests That Could Be Controversial. Maybe you help raise money for your church on us history, the reg. Or perhaps you have a penchant for Custom writing paper with, canvassing during political campaigns.

Yes, these experiences show a good amount of work ethic—but they could also be discriminated against by someone who disagrees with the cause. Essay Hobbies. Zhang explains here how to weigh the decision of whether to include them or not. Do include awards and accolades you’ve received, even if they’re company-specific awards. Just state what you earned them for, e.g., “Earned Gold Award for having the writing paper with name company’s top sales record four quarters in a row.” What about personal achievements—like running a marathon—that aren’t totally relevant but show you’re a driven, hard worker? Zhang shares the proper ways to include them. Gaps and Other Sticky Resume Situations. If you stayed at a (non-temporary) job for only a matter of Advantages of homework essay hobbies, months, consider eliminating it from your resume. According to The New York Times ’ career coach , leaving a particularly short-lived job or two off your work history shouldn’t hurt, as long as you’re honest about your experience if asked in an interview.

If you have gaps of a few months in your work history, don’t list the usual start and end dates for each position. Use years only (2010-2012), or just the with name number of years or months you worked at shorter your earlier positions. If you’ve job-hopped frequently, include a reason for leaving next to each position, with a succinct explanation like “company closed,” “layoff due to downsizing,” or “relocated to term with name new city.” By addressing the gaps, you’ll proactively illustrate the reason for your sporadic job movement and make it less of an issue. Re-entering the How to url links workforce after a long hiatus? This is the perfect opportunity for a summary statement at the top, outlining your best skills and Custom writing term with, accomplishments. Then, get into What to include in a research paper paper, your career chronology, without hesitating to include part-time or volunteer work. See more tips from Jenny Foss for killing it on your comeback resume. Don’t try to creatively fill in gaps on your resume. Term. For example, if you took time out of the workforce to make an essay url links raise kids, don’t list your parenting experience on term, your resume, a la “adeptly managed the growing pile of laundry” (we’ve seen it). Uk. While parenting is as demanding and intense a job as any out Custom writing with there, most corporate decision makers aren’t going to take this section of your resume seriously. 39.

Ditch “References Available Upon Request” If a hiring manager is help kindle, interested in you, he or she will ask you for writing term paper with name, references—and will assume that you have them. There’s no need to address the obvious (and doing so might even make you look a little presumptuous!). It should go without saying, but make sure your resume is free and clear of typos. And don’t rely on spell check and grammar check alone—ask family or friends to Find on internet take a look at Custom writing term name it for you (or get some tips from an editor on how to to include in a perfect your own work ). If emailing your resume, make sure to writing term paper with name always send a PDF rather than a .doc. That way all of Essay better writing, your careful formatting won’t accidentally get messed up when the hiring manager opens it on his or her computer.

To make sure it won’t look wonky when you send it off, Google’s head of HR Laszlo Bock suggests, “Look at it in both Google Docs and Word, and Custom term paper with, then attach it to better an email and open it as a preview.” Ready to save your resume and send it off? Save it as “Jane Smith Resume” instead of “Resume.” It’s one less step the hiring manager has to take. Carve out some time every quarter or so to writing term paper pull up your resume and make some updates. In A Research Research Paper. Have you taken on new responsibilities? Learned new skills? Add them in. When your resume is updated on a regular basis, you’re ready to writing with pounce when opportunity presents itself. And, even if you’re not job searching, there are plenty of good reasons to keep this document in tip-top shape. Photo courtesy of Hero Images / Getty Images . Erin Greenawald is a freelance writer, editor, and content strategist who is passionate about elevating the standard of Essays of today, writing on the web. Erin previously helped build The Muse’s beloved daily publication and led the company’s branded content team.

If you’re an individual or company looking for writing paper with name, help making your content better—or you just want to How to an essay shorter go out to writing term tea—get in touch at eringreenawald.com. Hmmm, seems you#39;ve already signed up for Essays on fashions, this class. While you#39;re here, you may as well check out all the amazing companies that are hiring like crazy right now.

convention law essay I MEAN to term with name inquire if, in the civil order, there can be any sure and legitimate rule of administration, men being taken as they are and laws as they might be. In this inquiry I shall endeavour always to unite what right sanctions with what is prescribed by What to include research, interest, in order that justice and utility may in no case be divided. I enter upon my task without proving the Custom paper with name, importance of the How to an essay shorter url links, subject. I shall be asked if I am a prince or a legislator, to write on politics. Custom Writing Term Paper. I answer that I am neither, and that is why I do so. If I were a prince or a legislator, I should not waste time in saying what wants doing; I should do it, or hold my peace.

As I was born a citizen of a free State, and better writing uk a member of the Sovereign, I feel that, however feeble the influence my voice can have on public affairs, the right of voting on Custom term them makes it my duty to study them: and I am happy, when I reflect upon governments, to find my inquiries always furnish me with new reasons for loving that of my own country. M AN is born free; and everywhere he is in chains. One thinks himself the master of others, and still remains a greater slave than they. How did this change come about? I do not know.

What can make it legitimate? That question I think I can answer. If I took into account only force, and the effects derived from it, I should say: As long as a people is Essay better writing uk compelled to paper name obey, and obeys, it does well; as soon as it can shake off the yoke, and shakes it off, it does still better; for, regaining its liberty by the same right as took it away, either it is justified in Essays on fashions of today resuming it, or there was no justification for those who took it away. But the social order is a sacred right which is the basis of all other rights. Nevertheless, this right does not come from nature, and must therefore be founded on conventions. Before coming to that, I have to prove what I have just asserted. T HE most ancient of all societies, and the only one that is natural, is the family: and even so the children remain attached to the father only so long as they need him for their preservation. As soon as this need ceases, the natural bond is writing term dissolved. The children, released from the of homework, obedience they owed to the father, and the father, released from the care he owed his children, return equally to independence. If they remain united, they continue so no longer naturally, but voluntarily; and the family itself is writing with then maintained only by convention. This common liberty results from the nature of man.

His first law is to provide for his own preservation, his first cares are those which he owes to himself; and, as soon as he reaches years of discretion, he is the What paper, sole judge of the Custom writing paper name, proper means of preserving himself, and consequently becomes his own master. The family then may be called the first model of political societies: the ruler corresponds to the father, and the people to the children; and all, being born free and equal, alienate their liberty only for their own advantage. The whole difference is that, in Essays of today the family, the love of the father for his children repays him for the care he takes of Custom term paper with name them, while, in the State, the pleasure of commanding takes the place of the love which the chief cannot have for the peoples under him. Grotius denies that all human power is established in Advantages of homework essay favour of the governed, and quotes slavery as an example. His usual method of reasoning is constantly to establish right by fact. 1 It would be possible to employ a more logical method, but none could be more favourable to tyrants. It is then, according to Grotius, doubtful whether the human race belongs to a hundred men, or that hundred men to the human race: and, throughout his book, he seems to incline to the former alternative, which is also the view of Hobbes. Custom Term With Name. On this showing, the human species is divided into so many herds of cattle, each with its ruler, who keeps guard over them for help kindle the purpose of devouring them. As a shepherd is of a nature superior to that of writing term his flock, the shepherds of men, i.e., their rulers, are of a nature superior to that of the peoples under them. How To Make Shorter. Thus, Philo tells us, the Emperor Caligula reasoned, concluding equally well either that kings were gods, or that men were beasts. The reasoning of Caligula agrees with that of Hobbes and Grotius.

Aristotle, before any of them, had said that men are by no means equal naturally, but that some are born for slavery, and others for dominion. Aristotle was right; but he took the effect for the cause. Nothing can be more certain than that every man born in slavery is born for slavery. Slaves lose everything in their chains, even the desire of Custom with name escaping from to include in a research paper paper them: they love their servitude, as the comrades of Ulysses loved their brutish condition. Custom Writing Paper Name. 2 If then there are slaves by nature, it is because there have been slaves against Essays on fashions of today, nature. Force made the first slaves, and writing with their cowardice perpetuated the condition. I have said nothing of better King Adam, or Emperor Noah, father of the three great monarchs who shared out the universe, like the children of Saturn, whom some scholars have recognised in them.

I trust to getting due thanks for my moderation; for, being a direct descendant of term paper name one of What in a research these princes, perhaps of the eldest branch, how do I know that a verification of titles might not leave me the legitimate king of the Custom writing term with, human race? In any case, there can be no doubt that Adam was sovereign of the world, as Robinson Crusoe was of his island, as long as he was its only inhabitant; and this empire had the advantage that the monarch, safe on essay hobbies his throne, had no rebellions, wars, or conspirators to fear. T HE strongest is never strong enough to be always the master, unless he transforms strength into writing term with name, right, and obedience into duty. Hence the right of the strongest, which, though to all seeming meant ironically, is really laid down as a fundamental principle. But are we never to have an Find us history explorer, explanation of this phrase? Force is a physical power, and I fail to see what moral effect it can have. To yield to force is an act of necessity, not of will #151; at the most, an act of Custom paper with prudence. In what sense can it be a duty? Suppose for a moment that this so-called right exists.

I maintain that the sole result is a mass of inexplicable nonsense. For, if force creates right, the effect changes with the Essay writing uk, cause: every force that is greater than the first succeeds to its right. As soon as it is possible to disobey with impunity, disobedience is legitimate; and, the strongest being always in writing paper the right, the only thing that matters is to make an essay shorter url links act so as to become the Custom writing term, strongest. But what kind of right is Find us history on internet that which perishes when force fails? If we must obey perforce, there is no need to obey because we ought; and if we are not forced to obey, we are under no obligation to do so. Clearly, the word right adds nothing to term paper with force: in this connection, it means absolutely nothing. Obey the powers that be. Advantages. If this means yield to Custom writing term paper with name force, it is writing uk a good precept, but superfluous: I can answer for its never being violated. With Name. All power comes from God, I admit; but so does all sickness: does that mean that we are forbidden to call in the doctor? A brigand surprises me at make an essay url links, the edge of a wood: must I not merely surrender my purse on compulsion; but, even if I could withhold it, am I in Custom writing with name conscience bound to give it up?

For certainly the pistol he holds is to include in a research research paper also a power. Let us then admit that force does not create right, and Custom term paper with name that we are obliged to obey only of homework, legitimate powers. In that case, my original question recurs. S INCE no man has a natural authority over his fellow, and force creates no right, we must conclude that conventions form the basis of all legitimate authority among men. If an individual, says Grotius, can alienate his liberty and make himself the slave of a master, why could not a whole people do the same and make itself subject to a king?

There are in this passage plenty of ambiguous words which would need explaining; but let us confine ourselves to the word alienate. To alienate is to give or to sell. Now, a man who becomes the slave of Custom term another does not give himself; he sells himself, at the least for his subsistence: but for what does a people sell itself? A king is so far from of today furnishing his subjects with their subsistence that he gets his own only from them; and, according to Rabelais, kings do not live on nothing. Do subjects then give their persons on condition that the king takes their goods also? I fail to see what they have left to preserve. It will be said that the despot assures his subjects civil tranquillity. Granted; but what do they gain, if the wars his ambition brings down upon them, his insatiable avidity, and Custom writing term paper with name the vexatious conduct of his ministers press harder on them than their own dissensions would have done?

What do they gain, if the very tranquillity they enjoy is us history one of their miseries? Tranquillity is found also in writing term paper with name dungeons; but is that enough to in a research paper make them desirable places to live in? The Greeks imprisoned in the cave of the Cyclops lived there very tranquilly, while they were awaiting their turn to be devoured. To say that a man gives himself gratuitously, is to say what is absurd and Custom paper name inconceivable; such an act is null and illegitimate, from the mere fact that he who does it is out of his mind. To say the same of a whole people is to suppose a people of madmen; and madness creates no right. Even if each man could alienate himself, he could not alienate his children: they are born men and free; their liberty belongs to them, and help blog kindle no one but they has the with, right to Essay dispose of it. Before they come to years of discretion, the father can, in their name, lay down conditions for their preservation and well-being, but he cannot give them irrevocably and without conditions: such a gift is contrary to the ends of nature, and Custom writing term paper with exceeds the rights of paternity. It would therefore be necessary, in order to legitimise an arbitrary government, that in every generation the people should be in a position to accept or reject it; but, were this so, the on internet, government would be no longer arbitrary. To renounce liberty is to Custom writing name renounce being a man, to surrender the rights of humanity and even its duties. For him who renounces everything no indemnity is possible.

Such a renunciation is incompatible with man's nature; to remove all liberty from his will is to remove all morality from his acts. Finally, it is an empty and contradictory convention that sets up, on the one side, absolute authority, and, on the other, unlimited obedience. Is it not clear that we can be under no obligation to a person from whom we have the writing, right to writing paper with name exact everything? Does not this condition alone, in the absence of What paper research equivalence or exchange, in itself involve the nullity of the act? For what right can my slave have against me, when all that he has belongs to me, and, his right being mine, this right of mine against myself is Custom writing name a phrase devoid of better meaning?

Grotius and the rest find in war another origin for the so-called right of slavery. The victor having, as they hold, the right of killing the vanquished, the latter can buy back his life at the price of his liberty; and this convention is the more legitimate because it is to the advantage of both parties. But it is clear that this supposed right to kill the conquered is by no means deducible from the state of war. Men, from the mere fact that, while they are living in their primitive independence, they have no mutual relations stable enough to constitute either the state of peace or the state of term paper with name war, cannot be naturally enemies. War is constituted by a relation between things, and essay hobbies not between persons; and, as the state of war cannot arise out of simple personal relations, but only out of real relations, private war, or war of man with man, can exist neither in the state of nature, where there is no constant property, nor in the social state, where everything is paper with name under the authority of the laws. Individual combats, duels and encounters, are acts which cannot constitute a state; while the private wars, authorised by the Establishments of make an essay url links Louis IX, King of France, and suspended by the Peace of God, are abuses of Custom with name feudalism, in itself an absurd system if ever there was one, and contrary to the principles of natural right and to all good polity. War then is a relation, not between man and better writing uk man, but between State and State, and individuals are enemies only accidentally, not as men, nor even as citizens, 3 but as soldiers; not as members of Custom with their country, but as its defenders.

Finally, each State can have for enemies only in a research research paper, other States, and Custom name not men; for between things disparate in nature there can be no real relation. Furthermore, this principle is in conformity with the established rules of all times and the constant practice of all civilised peoples. Declarations of war are intimations less to powers than to their subjects. The foreigner, whether king, individual, or people, who robs, kills or detains the help books, subjects, without declaring war on the prince, is Custom paper with name not an enemy, but a brigand. Even in real war, a just prince, while laying hands, in the enemy's country, on all that belongs to the public, respects the lives and goods of individuals: he respects rights on Advantages essay hobbies which his own are founded. Custom Term With Name. The object of the war being the destruction of the What, hostile State, the other side has a right to kill its defenders, while they are bearing arms; but as soon as they lay them down and surrender, they cease to be enemies or instruments of the enemy, and term name become once more merely men, whose life no one has any right to take. Advantages Hobbies. Sometimes it is possible to kill the State without killing a single one of its members; and war gives no right which is Custom name not necessary to the gaining of essay its object.

These principles are not those of Grotius: they are not based on the authority of poets, but derived from the nature of reality and based on reason. The right of conquest has no foundation other than the right of the writing with name, strongest. If war does not give the conqueror the right to massacre the conquered peoples, the right to Self enslave them cannot be based upon a right which does not exist. No one has a right to kill an enemy except when he cannot make him a slave, and the right to enslave him cannot therefore be derived from the right to kill him. It is paper accordingly an unfair exchange to make him buy at the price of Self blog kindle books his liberty his life, over which the victor holds no right. Is it not clear that there is a vicious circle in founding the right of life and term paper with death on the right of slavery, and the right of slavery on the right of life and death?

Even if we assume this terrible right to kill everybody, I maintain that a slave made in an essay shorter war, or a conquered people, is under no obligation to a master, except to Custom writing term paper with obey him as far as he is Advantages of homework hobbies compelled to do so. By taking an equivalent for term his life, the victor has not done him a favour; instead of killing him without profit, he has killed him usefully. Make. So far then is he from acquiring over him any authority in addition to that of force, that the Custom writing term paper with name, state of war continues to subsist between them: their mutual relation is the effect of it, and Essay better the usage of the right of war does not imply a treaty of peace. A convention has indeed been made; but this convention, so far from destroying the state of war, presupposes its continuance. So, from whatever aspect we regard the paper with, question, the right of slavery is hobbies null and void, not only as being illegitimate, but also because it is absurd and meaningless.

The words slave and writing term name right contradict each other, and are mutually exclusive. It will always be equally foolish for a man to say to of homework a man or to a people: I make with you a convention wholly at your expense and wholly to my advantage; I shall keep it as long as I like, and you will keep it as long as I like. 5. Custom Paper With Name. THAT WE MUST ALWAYS GO BACK TO A FIRST CONVENTION. E VEN if I granted all that I have been refuting, the friends of despotism would be no better off. There will always be a great difference between subduing a multitude and ruling a society. Even if scattered individuals were successively enslaved by one man, however numerous they might be, I still see no more than a master and his slaves, and certainly not a people and its ruler; I see what may be termed an aggregation, but not an association; there is as yet neither public good nor body politic. The man in make an essay url links question, even if he has enslaved half the Custom term with, world, is still only an individual; his interest, apart from that of others, is still a purely private interest. If this same man comes to die, his empire, after him, remains scattered and without unity, as an oak falls and better writing dissolves into a heap of ashes when the Custom writing term, fire has consumed it.

A people, says Grotius, can give itself to a king. To Include Paper. Then, according to Grotius, a people is a people before it gives itself. Writing Term. The gift is itself a civil act, and implies public deliberation. It would be better, before examining the act by which a people gives itself to a king, to How to an essay url links examine that by which it has become a people; for this act, being necessarily prior to the other, is the true foundation of Custom writing term with society. Indeed, if there were no prior convention, where, unless the election were unanimous, would be the Advantages, obligation on the minority to submit to the choice of the majority? How have a hundred men who wish for a master the right to vote on behalf of ten who do not? The law of majority voting is itself something established by convention, and writing term with presupposes unanimity, on one occasion at least. I SUPPOSE men to have reached the point at which the obstacles in the way of their preservation in the state of nature show their power of resistance to be greater than the resources at in a research research, the disposal of each individual for his maintenance in that state.

That primitive condition can then subsist no longer; and the human race would perish unless it changed its manner of existence. But, as men cannot engender new forces, but only unite and direct existing ones, they have no other means of preserving themselves than the Custom writing term paper with name, formation, by aggregation, of a sum of forces great enough to research paper overcome the paper, resistance. These they have to bring into What in a, play by means of a single motive power, and cause to act in concert. This sum of forces can arise only writing with name, where several persons come together: but, as the Self kindle books, force and liberty of each man are the chief instruments of his self-preservation, how can he pledge them without harming his own interests, and neglecting the care he owes to himself? This difficulty, in its bearing on my present subject, may be stated in the following terms: The problem is to find a form of association which will defend and protect with the Custom term paper with name, whole common force the person and goods of each associate, and in What to include research which each, while uniting himself with all, may still obey himself alone, and Custom term paper with name remain as free as before. This is the fundamental problem of which the Advantages hobbies, Social Contract provides the solution. The clauses of this contract are so determined by the nature of the act that the slightest modification would make them vain and ineffective; so that, although they have perhaps never been formally set forth, they are everywhere the same and everywhere tacitly admitted and recognised, until, on the violation of the social compact, each regains his original rights and resumes his natural liberty, while losing the conventional liberty in Custom writing term with name favour of Essay better writing which he renounced it. These clauses, properly understood, may be reduced to one #151; the total alienation of each associate, together with all his rights, to writing term the whole community; for, in the first place, as each gives himself absolutely, the conditions are the same for all; and, this being so, no one has any interest in making them burdensome to Self help kindle others. Moreover, the alienation being without reserve, the union is as perfect as it can be, and no associate has anything more to demand: for, if the individuals retained certain rights, as there would be no common superior to decide between them and the public, each, being on one point his own judge, would ask to be so on all; the state of nature would thus continue, and the association would necessarily become inoperative or tyrannical.

Finally, each man, in writing term with giving himself to all, gives himself to nobody; and as there is no associate over whom he does not acquire the same right as he yields others over himself, he gains an equivalent for everything he loses, and an increase of Essays on fashions force for the preservation of what he has. If then we discard from the social compact what is not of its essence, we shall find that it reduces itself to the following terms: Each of us puts his person and all his power in common under the supreme direction of the general will, and, in paper with name our corporate capacity, we receive each member as an indivisible part of the whole. At once, in place of the individual personality of each contracting party, this act of association creates a moral and essay hobbies collective body, composed of as many members as the assembly contains votes, and receiving from this act its unity, its common identity, its life and its will. This public person, so formed by the union of all other persons formerly took the name of paper with name city , 4 and now takes that of Republic or body politic ; it is called by of homework hobbies, its members State when passive. Sovereign when active, and Power when compared with others like itself. Those who are associated in it take collectively the name of people , and severally are called citizens , as sharing in the sovereign power, and subjects , as being under the Custom paper with name, laws of the State. But these terms are often confused and taken one for Find us history explorer another: it is enough to know how to distinguish them when they are being used with precision. T HIS formula shows us that the act of association comprises a mutual undertaking between the public and writing with name the individuals, and that each individual, in making a contract, as we may say, with himself, is bound in a double capacity; as a member of the Sovereign he is bound to the individuals, and as a member of the State to the Sovereign. Self Help Blog Kindle. But the maxim of civil right, that no one is bound by undertakings made to himself, does not apply in this case; for there is Custom writing term paper with name a great difference between incurring an obligation to yourself and incurring one to a whole of which you form a part.

Attention must further be called to Essay better writing the fact that public deliberation, while competent to bind all the subjects to the Sovereign, because of the two different capacities in which each of Custom writing name them may be regarded, cannot, for the opposite reason, bind the Sovereign to Advantages of homework essay itself; and writing name that it is consequently against the nature of the body politic for the Sovereign to impose on itself a law which it cannot infringe. Being able to What to include in a research research paper regard itself in only one capacity, it is in the position of an individual who makes a contract with himself; and this makes it clear that there neither is nor can be any kind of fundamental law binding on the body of the people #151; not even the social contract itself. This does not mean that the body politic cannot enter into undertakings with others, provided the contract is not infringed by them; for in relation to what is external to it, it becomes a simple being, an individual. But the body politic or the Sovereign, drawing its being wholly from the sanctity of the contract, can never bind itself, even to an outsider, to do anything derogatory to the original act, for instance, to alienate any part of itself, or to with submit to to include research another Sovereign. Writing Paper With Name. Violation of the act by What to include in a research, which it exists would be self-annihilation; and writing term paper with that which is itself nothing can create nothing. As soon as this multitude is so united in one body, it is Self help blog impossible to offend against one of the members without attacking the body, and still more to offend against the body without the members resenting it. Duty and interest therefore equally oblige the two contracting parties to term with name give each other help; and the same men should seek to combine, in their double capacity, all the advantages dependent upon that capacity.

Again, the Sovereign, being formed wholly of the an essay url links, individuals who compose it, neither has nor can have any interest contrary to theirs; and consequently the sovereign power need give no guarantee to its subjects, because it is impossible for Custom writing with the body to wish to hurt all its members. We shall also see later on that it cannot hurt any in particular. The Sovereign, merely by virtue of better uk what it is, is always what it should be. This, however, is not the case with the relation of the subjects to writing term paper the Sovereign, which, despite the common interest, would have no security that they would fulfil their undertakings, unless it found means to assure itself of their fidelity. In fact, each individual, as a man, may have a particular will contrary or dissimilar to the general will which he has as a citizen. His particular interest may speak to him quite differently from the common interest: his absolute and naturally independent existence may make him look upon what he owes to the common cause as a gratuitous contribution, the loss of which will do less harm to others than the payment of it is burdensome to himself; and, regarding the moral person which constitutes the State as a persona ficta , because not a man, he may wish to enjoy the rights of citizenship without being ready to fulfil the duties of Essays on fashions of today a subject. Custom Writing Term Paper With Name. The continuance of such an injustice could not but prove the undoing of the body politic. In order then that the social compact may not be an of homework hobbies, empty formula, it tacitly includes the Custom writing term paper with, undertaking, which alone can give force to the rest, that whoever refuses to obey the general will shall be compelled to do so by the whole body. This means nothing less than that he will be forced to be free; for this is the condition which, by giving each citizen to his country, secures him against all personal dependence.

In this lies the key to the working of the political machine; this alone legitimises civil undertakings, which, without it, would be absurd, tyrannical, and liable to help books the most frightful abuses. T HE passage from the Custom writing paper with name, state of nature to the civil state produces a very remarkable change in Essay better writing man, by Custom writing term with, substituting justice for instinct in his conduct, and giving his actions the morality they had formerly lacked. Then only, when the Essays on fashions, voice of duty takes the place of physical impulses and Custom term with right of appetite, does man, who so far had considered only himself, find that he is forced to act on different principles, and to consult his reason before listening to his inclinations. Although, in Essays of today this state, he deprives himself of Custom with some advantages which he got from nature, he gains in return others so great, his faculties are so stimulated and developed, his ideas so extended, his feelings so ennobled, and his whole soul so uplifted, that, did not the abuses of of homework hobbies this new condition often degrade him below that which he left, he would be bound to bless continually the writing with name, happy moment which took him from it for help blog books ever, and, instead of a stupid and unimaginative animal, made him an intelligent being and a man. Let us draw up the Custom term name, whole account in terms easily commensurable. What man loses by the social contract is his natural liberty and an unlimited right to everything he tries to Self blog get and succeeds in getting; what he gains is writing term name civil liberty and the proprietorship of all he possesses. If we are to avoid mistake in weighing one against of today, the other, we must clearly distinguish natural liberty, which is paper with bounded only by the strength of the individual, from civil liberty, which is limited by the general will; and possession, which is merely the effect of force or the right of the Advantages essay hobbies, first occupier, from property, which can be founded only on a positive title. We might, over and above all this, add, to name what man acquires in the civil state, moral liberty, which alone makes him truly master of himself; for the mere impulse of appetite is slavery, while obedience to a law which we prescribe to Advantages ourselves is liberty. But I have already said too much on this head, and the philosophical meaning of the word liberty does not now concern us.

E ACH member of the community gives himself to it, at the moment of its foundation, just as he is, with all the Custom writing paper name, resources at his command, including the goods he possesses. How To Make An Essay Shorter Url Links. This act does not make possession, in changing hands, change its nature, and become property in the hands of the Sovereign; but, as the Custom writing term paper name, forces of the city are incomparably greater than those of an individual, public possession is url links also, in fact, stronger and more irrevocable, without being any more legitimate, at any rate from the point of view of foreigners. For the State, in relation to its members, is master of all their goods by the social contract, which, within the with, State, is the basis of all rights; but, in relation to other powers, it is so only by the right of the first occupier, which it holds from its members. The right of the first occupier, though more real than the right of the kindle books, strongest, becomes a real right only when the right of property has already been established. Every man has naturally a right to everything he needs; but the writing paper, positive act which makes him proprietor of one thing excludes him from everything else. Having his share, he ought to keep to it, and can have no further right against make an essay url links, the community. This is why the right of the first occupier, which in the state of nature is so weak, claims the respect of every man in civil society. In this right we are respecting not so much what belongs to Custom paper with another as what does not belong to ourselves. In general, to establish the right of the first occupier over a plot of Find us history ground, the following conditions are necessary: first, the land must not yet be inhabited; secondly, a man must occupy only the amount he needs for his subsistence; and, in the third place, possession must be taken, not by an empty ceremony, but by labour and Custom term with cultivation, the only sign of proprietorship that should be respected by others, in default of a legal title. In granting the right of first occupancy to necessity and labour, are we not really stretching it as far as it can go? Is it possible to leave such a right unlimited?

Is it to be enough to set foot on a plot of common ground, in order to be able to call yourself at once the master of it? Is it to How to make url links be enough that a man has the strength to expel others for Custom term a moment, in order to establish his right to prevent them from ever returning? How can a man or a people seize an immense territory and keep it from the rest of the world except by a punishable usurpation, since all others are being robbed, by such an act, of the Essays of today, place of Custom term paper with name habitation and the means of subsistence which nature gave them in common? When Nunez Balboa, standing on the sea-shore, took possession of the South Seas and the whole of South America in the name of the crown of Castile, was that enough to dispossess all their actual inhabitants, and to shut out from them all the princes of the world? On such a showing, these ceremonies are idly multiplied, and the Catholic King need only take possession all at once, from his apartment, of the whole universe, merely making a subsequent reservation about what was already in the possession of other princes. We can imagine how the lands of individuals, where they were contiguous and Self help blog kindle books came to be united, became the public territory, and how the right of Sovereignty, extending from the subjects over the lands they held, became at once real and personal. The possessors were thus made more dependent, and the forces at their command used to guarantee their fidelity. The advantage of this does not seem to have been felt by ancient monarchs, who called themselves Kings of the Persians, Scythians, or Macedonians, and seemed to regard themselves more as rulers of Custom paper name men than as masters of a country. Those of the present day more cleverly call themselves Kings of France, Spain, England, etc.: thus holding the land, they are quite confident of holding the inhabitants.

The peculiar fact about this alienation is that, in taking over the goods of individuals, the community, so far from despoiling them, only assures them legitimate possession, and changes usurpation into a true right and enjoyment into proprietorship. Thus the possessors, being regarded as depositaries of the public good, and having their rights respected by all the members of the State and maintained against us history explorer, foreign aggression by all its forces, have, by a cession which benefits both the public and still more themselves, acquired, so to speak, all that they gave up. Writing Paper. This paradox may easily be explained by the distinction between the rights which the Sovereign and the proprietor have over the same estate, as we shall see later on. It may also happen that men begin to unite one with another before they possess anything, and that, subsequently occupying a tract of country which is enough for all, they enjoy it in Essay better common, or share it out among themselves, either equally or according to a scale fixed by the Sovereign. However the acquisition be made, the Custom term with, right which each individual has to his own estate is always subordinate to the right which the community has over all: without this, there would be neither stability in to include research paper the social tie, nor real force in the exercise of Custom term paper with name Sovereignty. I shall end this chapter and this book by remarking on a fact on which the whole social system should rest: i.e., that, instead of destroying natural inequality, the fundamental compact substitutes, for such physical inequality as nature may have set up between men, an equality that is moral and legitimate, and that men, who may be unequal in strength or intelligence, become every one equal by convention and legal right. 5. 1. Learned inquiries into public right are often only the history of past abuses; and Essays on fashions of today troubling to study them too deeply is a profitless infatuation ( Essay on the Interests of France in Relation to its Neighbours, by the Marquis d'Argenson). This is exactly what Grotius has done. 2. See a short treatise of Plutarch's entitled That Animals Reason.

3. The Romans, who understood and respected the with name, right of How to make shorter url links war more than any other nation on earth, carried their scruples on this head so far that a citizen was not allowed to Custom with name serve as a volunteer without engaging himself expressly against the enemy, and against such and Find us history on internet explorer such an enemy by name. A legion in which the younger Cato was seeing his first service under Popilius having been reconstructed, the Custom with name, elder Cato wrote to Popilius that, if he wished his son to continue serving under him, he must administer to him a new military oath, because, the first having been annulled, he was no longer able to bear arms against the enemy. The same Cato wrote to his son telling him to take great care not to go into battle before taking this new oath. Advantages Essay Hobbies. I know that the siege of Clusium and other isolated events can be quoted against Custom, me; but I am citing laws and customs. The Romans are the help kindle, people that least often transgressed its laws; and no other people has had such good ones. 4. The real meaning of this word has been almost wholly lost in modern times; most people mistake a town for a city, and Custom writing with name a townsman for a citizen. They do not know that houses make a town, but citizens a city.

The same mistake long ago cost the Carthaginians dear. I have never read of the title of citizens being given to the subjects of any prince, not even the ancient Macedonians or the English of to-day, though they are nearer liberty than any one else. The French alone everywhere familiarly adopt the name of citizens, because, as can be seen from their dictionaries, they have no idea of its meaning; otherwise they would be guilty in Advantages of homework hobbies usurping it, of the crime of lèse-majesté : among them, the name expresses a virtue, and not a right. When Bodin spoke of our citizens and writing term with name townsmen, he fell into a bad blunder in taking the one class for the other. M. d'Alembert has avoided the Essay writing uk, error, and, in his article on Geneva, has clearly distinguished the four orders of men (or even five, counting mere foreigners) who dwell in our town, of term with which two only compose the Republic. No other French writer, to my knowledge, has understood the real meaning of the word citizen.

5. Under bad governments, this equality is only apparent and Self help kindle books illusory: it serves only to-keep the Custom paper name, pauper in his poverty and the rich man in the position he has usurped. In fact, laws are always of Essays on fashions use to those who possess and harmful to those who have nothing: from which it follows that the social state is advantageous to men only when all have something and none too much.

Leading Change in an Organization Essay. The reality of Custom term paper change is that it is likely to in a occur in personal life and business. In order for an organization to confront the realities of change, effective leadership is essential. Leadership is critical to the success of any change initiative. Paper Name. There are many forms of leadership that each come with a variety of personality traits, this paper will discuss leadership characteristics believed to be necessary to an essay shorter url links successfully manage change in organizations for the next decade and how to use Kotter’s change model to implement successful change management.

Change in simply defined as “to make something different”, according to Mr. Neryl East, the Custom writing term with, author of “Change –What it is and what it isn’t” (East, 2007). Of Homework. Change management is the process that an organization uses to respond and adapt to change in order to Custom with name improve its effectiveness and ensure continued success (Leban Saban, 2008). Leadership is critical to the success of make url links any change initiative in an organization. Quality leadership characteristics are equally important to the success of an organization. When good leadership is in place in an organization, it can be felt throughout the entire organization. When good leadership exists, positive corporate culture is not forced, it is developed (Mills, 2005).

Leadership is term paper name, defined as a process by which one person influences the Essay better writing uk, thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors of others (Leban Stone, 2008). Leaders set a direction for everyone else and they help the people around them see what lies ahead; they help their followers to visualize what might be achieved and Custom term with they encourage and inspire. Without leadership it is likely that a group of individuals would quickly collapse into help kindle argument and conflict. Leadership helps to point people in the same direction and works towards joint efforts. Leadership is the ability to get other people to do something significant that they might not otherwise do. It’s energizing people toward a goal (Mills, 2005).

In order for a leader to affect change in others he/she should possess many positive characteristics such as the ability to be a good communicator, be proactive versus being reactive and be flexible and adaptable among many possible characteristics to name a few (Group, 2009). As a leader, it is equally important to Custom writing term deliver clear, concise and consistent messages as it is to listen. Advantages Hobbies. Leaders should demonstrate a willingness to work to understand the needs of others. Leaders who are able to be successful at listening are able to ask meaningful questions, consider all options and with provide leadership in the right direction. Secondly, is the ability to always think ahead, being proactive instead of reactive. Leaders who possess this characteristic are able to master their work environment with the How to make an essay, goal of avoiding potential problems before they occur.

And lastly, an effective leader will adapt to new surroundings and situations, doing their best to adjust in unexpected or uncomfortable situations (Val Kemp, 2012). Change strategies that are believed to generally be effective for leading fundamental change are first the need for close and constant communication, it is also important to communicate regularly on with name the important, significant issues and Find us history explorer topics. Also, it is important that all members of the company think and act purposefully and then communicate the assignment and required parts to each member of the department, positioning the foundation for paper a good fit with the company’s mission and us history on internet plan. The leadership style of term paper with a manager during the change process can be either cooperative and on fashions of today consultative or commanding and Custom paper name coercive (Leban Stone, 2008). According to Neryl East, the Essay better writing uk, author of “Implementing an Effective Change Management Strategy”, when staff members are working jointly with management in a cooperative style, it can be expected that there will be both long and short term success to the company since the team will address issues and concerns and makes decisions in the general best interest of the organization. In the same way, when the decision is made by management to force the change, the staff may not be allowed to participate in the decision making process. (East, 2007). Following this further, the Kotter’s process of leading change model has good framework to allow the manager to work in a collaborative style with staff. Kotter’s model was established after studying more than one hundred organizations (Leban Stone, 2008). Mr.

Kotter was perplexed about the fact that the majority of change efforts were unsuccessful, and he sought out to Custom paper identify the common error made in the change process. Kotters’s eight stage model offers a process to successfully manage change and avoid the common mistakes that occur during change in an organization (Leban Stone, 2008). Furthermore, the Kotter’s model for change is effective because it provided two lessons, first that the How to make an essay url links, change process goes through a series of phases, each could last a considerable period of time and second that critical mistakes in any phase can have a devastating impact on the momentum of the change process. Kotter’s process of change focuses on the strategic, not tactical level of the change management process (Leban Stone, 2008). Paper. In retrospect, the use of the Kotter’s change model during the implementation of electronic health records at my current employer, Clayton Eye Center could have yielded a better transition and fostered a more positive work environment. In the Kotter’s change model, the first four stages deal with “unfreezing” the organization. These steps involve reducing those forces that are allowing the Self books, organization to continue its current behavior. The next three stages introduce new practices, “changing/moving”. This step shifts the behavior of the organization to a new level. Custom Writing Term Paper Name. The last stage is required to ground the changes in the corporate culture “refreezing” and make them stick.

This step steadies the essay, organization at a new state of balance (Leban Stone, 2008). The first step in the Kotter’s model of change is to establish a great sense of urgency, identify crisis, potential crises and major opportunities (Leban Stone, 2008). Custom Writing Term Paper With. The passing of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH Act) in 2009 by Self blog books President Obama was the driver of change for Custom term name The Eye Center (CEC) (Secretary, 2013). The system had to be in Essay better writing, place by deadlines set forth by the government, therefore the urgency for change was created. The second step in the Kotter’s model of change is creating the guiding coalition, by putting together a group of people with enough power to lead the change (Leban Stone, 2008). The Eye Center was successful in organizing a core team, composed of managers from each department to provide various perspectives to the change process.

The appointed core team had previously worked together on various change issues and working as a cohesive unit was of no concern. The third step of the Kotter’s model of change is Custom with name, developing a transformational vision and strategy. Create a vision that will help direct the paper paper, change and develop strategies for achieving that vision ( Leban Stone, 2008). During this step, The Eye Center missed the opportunity to develop a positive need for the change. The vision for implementing a new EHR system was often stated as, “because we have too”. This was an opportunity for term paper with name upper management to frame the kindle, view of the change before anyone formed a negative opinion about the Custom writing paper with, change.

The fourth step of Kotter’s model of help blog kindle change is communicating the change vision, using all possible avenues to constantly communicate the new vision and strategies (Leban Stone, 2008). In this step, The Eye Center was reluctant to communicate the change because they held hope that ultimately the change would not be needed. Once it was clear that the writing paper name, bill signed into law by the President would be upheld, there was very little time to effectively communicate the change vision and receive positive buy in from the staff. The fifth step of Kotter’s model of change is empowering a broad base of people to take action, getting rid of blockers, changing systems or structures that did not line up with the change vision (Leban Stone, 2008). Empowering the staff, whether real or perceived could have been a very important step to achieving staff support towards the change. However, in the case of The Eye Center, only the managers appointed for the core team were empowered as they were the Advantages of homework essay, only members of the staff who had knowledge about the upcoming change. Keeping the majority of the Custom term, staff members in Essay uk, the dark about the change and not providing a platform for them to feel a part of the change was instrumental in the outcome for the possibility of successful change. The sixth step of Kotter’s model of change is generating short term wins, visibly recognizing and rewarding people who made the writing term paper name, wins possible (Leban Stone, 2008). Generating short-term wins is necessary to How to shorter prevent the writing, loss of momentum and Essay better uk keep the organization engaged. The Eye Center was not as successful as it could have been in this step. Approximately 2 months after implementation, upper management decided to reward the front desk staff for Custom writing term with name what had been considered reasonably successful implementation of the system thus far.

However, the other 4 departments that were largely affected by EHR implementation and Advantages of homework hobbies played a role in its success, although only 2 months in were not offered rewards for their efforts. Custom Term Paper With Name. This flaw in judgment created negative vibes between departments that needed to work together for continued success of the us history on internet, change implementation. The seventh step of writing paper with name Kotter’s model of change is consolidating gains and producing even more change by hiring, promoting and developing people who can implement the change vision (Leban Stone, 2008). In this step, The Eye Center could make strides to correct past change errors by focusing on the continued development of staff with the new EHR system. The company should also consider utilizing previously purchased unused project management hours to aid them in this step to ensure that moving forward the change vision process is revitalized. And finally in this step, the company could build on of today polices and structures that have worked during the change process and remove all polices and structures that don’t fit the change vision. The eighth and final step of the Kotter’s model of change is institutionalizing new approaches in the culture by Custom writing term paper with name articulating the connections between new behaviors and company success while developing means to ensure leadership development and succession (Leban Stone, 2008). This step again creates an opportunity for The Eye Center to build a foundation for successful change moving forward. The company could use this step to make successful change a part of Find on internet explorer its culture by communicating to the staff how current behaviors do or do not line up with the change vision of the organization. Custom Writing Term. The implementation of continued leadership development through ongoing training would also fulfill this step while preparing the company for successful change behavior in the future. A clear description of the characteristics of a healthy organization prepared to address the issues of change in the 21st century is What in a research paper, upper management support and involvement, considering the needs of employees and Custom paper with name an effective project manager.

Change is almost impossible without the support and involvement of top leaders. Leadership must set the direction, pace and How to make an essay shorter url links tone while providing a clear vision that brings everyone together (Leban Stone, 2008). Writing Term Name. In order for any change initiative to be successful, the company must create a positive culture and motivate the staff, this allows them to visualize and buy in to better the change project (Leban Stone, 2008). Term Paper With Name. Effective project management involves planning and coordinating all aspects of the change program, this allows the organization to place necessary focus on the values, attitudes and behavior of everyone involved to guarantee an effective outcome ( Leban Stone, 2008). Without these characteristics, change programs risk failure. In final consideration, there are many change models available to organizations; the Kotter’s eight-stage model dictates that each stage be worked through in Essay writing uk, order to obtain successful change.

Skipping even one step or moving too far ahead with a concrete foundation can create problems according to Custom writing paper name Mr. Kotter (Leban Stone, 2008). In the case of The Eye Center, we see this to be the case; as complete follow through of on internet explorer each step could have yielded better results for the organization. The need for change is almost guaranteed for Custom term paper name every organization if they want to remain relevant. Organizations that will succeed in the 21st century and beyond are those who are aware of what is explorer, changing in their perspective industries and are willing to take into account how those changes are most likely to affect its current success. East, N. (2007). Custom Term Paper With. Change-What it is and what it isn’t. Retrieved from make url links Implementing an Effective Change Management Strategy: http://www.ark-group.com/downloads/Change-Management-Chap.pdf Group, H. L. Writing. (2009).

Holden Leadership Center. Retrieved from Leadership Characteristics: Leadership Styles. Pathways: The Ontario Journal Of Outdoor Education, 24(3), 28-31. Leban, B., Stone, R. (2008). Managing Organizational Change 2nd ed.

Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Mills, D. Q. (2005). Leadership: How to Lead, How to Live. Retrieved from The Importance of Leadership: http://www.cafanet.com/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=qwswE8roe74%3Dtabid=96 Secretary, O. Essay Writing. (2013, June 13). FACT SHEET: White House Task Force on High-Tech Patent Issues. Retrieved from The White House: www.whitehouse.gov Val, C., Kemp, J. (2012). Leadership Styles.

The Ontario Journal of Outdoor Education, v24 n3 p28-31 Spring 2012 4pp. University/College: University of writing paper with Chicago. Type of paper: Thesis/Dissertation Chapter. Date: 27 March 2016. Let us write you a custom essay sample on Leading Change in an Organization. for only Self blog kindle books, $16.38 $13.9/page. Haven't found the Essay You Want? Get your custom essay sample.

For Only $13.90/page. 3422 Old Capitol Trail, Suite 267, Wilminton, DE 19808, USA.