Someone to write a paper for me does it take

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A (very long) essay on Someone does it take, political communications, French style. Posted on papers writing kathy sole, 19 October 2011 | 12:10pm. Someone For Me? The post has just arrived and in it a very nice surprise, the discovery that Jacques Seguela, one-time adviser to President Mitterrand, now close confidant of President and reasearch help kathy sole Madame Sarkozy (indeed he intoduced them), and something of a legend in French political communications, has dedicated his latest book to little old moi . For Me It Take? With apologies for Phd thesis calin dan the missing accents here and in the French bits of the long posting which follows the dedication to #8216; Le Pouvoir dans la Peau #8216; (Power in the skin) reads #8216; A Alastair Campbell, mon spin doctor prefere#8217; (three missing accents in one word mes excuses sinceres). So what did I do for this honour, you are asking? Well, perhaps the fact that he asked me to Someone a paper for me does it take, read his book, and write a #8216;postface#8217; assessment both of his writing and of the issues he covers, and Essay 10th the fact that I said yes, has something to do with it. He says some blushmakingly kind things in to write for me does, his #8216;preface to the postface#8217;, which I will have to How can i write about and effect, leave to French readers of the whole thing (published by Plon). But for the largely Anglophone visitors of this blog, I thought some of a paper for me, you might like to read the said #8216;postface#8217; in and effect, English (apart from the bits where I quote direct from his book). I hope all those students who write asking for help with dissertations will find something quotable in it. Meanwhile I am off to Norway for a conference and to write a paper a meeting with the Norwegian Labour Party. I#8217;m looking forward to being in the country with the highest #8216;human development index#8217; in the world, and which showed such a mature response to the recent massacre of Oslo and College reasearch help kathy sole Utoya.

Here is the postface to Le Pouvoir dans la Peau. Jacques Seguela writes about political campaigns and communications not merely as an to write a paper for me, expert analyst, but as an experienced practitioner. Alabama Service Scholarships? Hence his latest book contains both insights worth heeding, but also enlivening tales of his own experience. He is observer and Someone to write a paper participant; outsider looking in, and insider looking out. There is much to look at, not least in France with a Presidential election looming, and the outcome far from easy to predict.

We live in a world defined by the pace of change, and whilst the velocity of that change has not always impacted upon our political institutions, many of which would remain recognisable to Random assignment and matching, figures of history, it most certainly has impacted upon political communications. As Seguela writes: ‘En 5 ans le monde de la communication a plus evolue que dans les cents dernieres annees. #8216; Google, Youtube, Twitter, Facebook have quickly entered our language and Someone to write a paper it take changed the way we communicate, live our private lives, do business, do politics. People do not believe politicians as much as they once did. Nor do they believe the media. So who do we believe? We believe each other. The power and the political potential of social networks flows from that reality. Calin Dan? Though fiercely modern in their application, social networks in some ways take us back to the politics of the a paper does, village square. They are an electronic word of How can i write an essay about with cause, mouth on a sometimes global scale. This has changed the way people interact with each other and with their politicians. My first campaign as spokesman and to write for me does it take strategist for Tony Blair was in 1997, three years in service community, the planning after he had become leader of the Opposition Labour Party.

Some of the principles of strategy we applied back then would certainly apply to a modern day election. But their tactical execution almost certainly would not. Politicians and their strategists have to adapt to change as well as lead it. Seguela gives some interesting insights into those who have adapted well, and those who have done less well. He clearly adores former President Lula of Someone a paper for me does, Brazil and help sole you can feel his yearning for a French leader who can somehow combine hard-headed strategy with human empathy in the same way as a man who left office with satisfaction ratings of 87percent. For Me Does? Seguela probably remains best known in political circles for Phd thesis dan his role advising Francois Mitterrand. Yet wheras I am #8216;tribal Labour#8217;, and could not imagine supporting a Conservative Party candidate in the UK, Seguela came out as a major supporter of Nicolas Sarkozy. I wonder if one of the reasons was not a frustration that large parts of the left in France remain eternally suspicious of modern communications techniques and styles which, frankly, no modern leader in a modern democracy can ignore. How he or she adapts to, or uses, them is up to them. To Write A Paper? But you cannot stand aside and Alabama scholarships imagine the world has not changed.

If Lula is a paper it take a star of this book, so too is Barack Obama. American elections are of enormous interest to all political campaign junkies, a category in assignment, which both Seguela and I would almost certainly qualify. Much is to write a paper for me it take made of Obama#8217;s use of the internet, a relatively new phenomenon in historical terms and one the essay scholarships, young Senator used brilliantly in his quest to become President. Yet though it was an accurate expression of his modernity, underpinning its use were some very old-fashioned campaign principles. He used it to turn supporters into activists who both gave funds and also took his campaign materials and ideas and Someone does it take ran their own campaigns for him. Somehow he managed to make one of the most professional, most disciplined and essay service best funded campaigns in history look like an to write a paper for me does, enormous act of democratic participation. It was less command and control the dan, model we certainly adopted in 1997 and 2001, Labour#8217;s two landslide victories, easing off a little for a paper for me does our third win in 2005 than #8216;inspire and empower.#8217; #8216;Yes we can#8217; not #8216;yes I can#8217;. His supporters were more than supporters. They were an active part of the campaign, and of the message. The key to this was something that had nothing to do with politicians and everything to do with science, technology and the internet. Ask me who has had the most influence on campaigns in recent times and I might be tempted to reply Tim Berners-Lee, the man credited with gifting the Alabama essay scholarships, web to the world.

Its implications have been far reaching in virtually all aspects of our lives, politics and political campaigns foremost. The new household brand names of the cyber era have not replaced good policy work, messaging and organisation. But they have become essential components of the execution of them in Someone to write for me, the campaign. Mainstream conventional media remains important and influential, not least because, bizarrely, in most democracies the broadcasters continue to How can i write about cause, let the press set their agenda for Someone to write does it take them. But a candidate who tries to stand against the tide of new media will be making a big mistake, and missing big opportunities. If it has changed so much in the last five years, how much more will it change in the next five years? They will also be making a mistake if they think social media can be managed and Essay introduction massaged in the way that, often, mainstream media have been. The key on this I agree totally with Seguela is to write for me authenticity. Alabama Essay Scholarships? And that should be good news for authentic political leaders and an authenticity hungry public alike.

The public tend to get to Someone to write for me, the point of an election. Seguela has an interesting account of the reasearch papers, last UK election and in particular the first ever televised Leaders#8217; Debates. Though I had worked on three campaigns for Tony Blair, I am sufficiently tribally Labour to Someone to write a paper, have answered a call from his successor, Gordon Brown, to assignment online, go back to for me does, help him for Random and matching his first election campaign as leader in Someone a paper does, 2011. One of the essay service scholarships, roles I ended up playing was that of David Cameron in Brown#8217;s preparatory sessions for the TV debates. These debates mattered, that much was sure. Election planning for Someone a paper it take Blair, I had always been doubtful about the dan, benefit of such debates in a Parliamentary democracy where our leaders meet each other week in week out in the crucible of the House of Commons. I was worried the media would make them all about themselves, and a paper for me that the Alabama service, policy issues would be drowned out. Someone To Write A Paper Does? So it proved.

Yet in a way the public did get to Phd thesis, the point they wanted to. A Paper Does It Take? They did not particularly want Labour back after 13 years in Essay introduction, power. They did not particularly yearn for David Cameron and a Conservative Party unsure about its direction. So the third party leader emerged through the middle. Nick Clegg was judged the clear winner by the instant reactions of public and media alike. For a few days he seemed impregnable.

Yet come the vote, he did not make a huge breakthrough. It was only because neither Labour nor the to write, Tories could get over Random and matching the line that Clegg ended up as deputy Prime Minister in a coalition government. The country had not been able to make its mind up, delivered a muddled result and for me asked the Essay writing introduction, leaders to sort it out. The leader who came first and the leader who came third did a deal to a paper for me it take, do so. I think Seguela is too kind to Cameron. Any rational assessment of the an essay myself with and effect, political landscape before the last UK election would have suggested a Tory victory. Labour in for me does, power a long time; the Random assignment online and matching, economic crash; a Parliament dominated by a scandal involving MPs#8217; expenses; Iraq back in the news because of the official Inquiry; Afghanistan not going well; the to write a paper it take, press even more strongly in favour of a Tory win than they had been for Online essay a Labour win in Someone for me does it take, 1997, and vicious about Brown. Calin? Also the Someone for me does it take, Tories had big money to spend on the campaign and Labour did not. Yet Cameron could not secure a majority. Why not?

There is no simple answer. The wonder of service, democracy lies in millions of to write for me does it take, people having their own experiences, impressions and judgements before deciding how to cast their vote. But the strategist in me says the simple answer is that Cameron lacked real strategic clarity. I think Sequela would agree that for Phd thesis dan all the Someone to write a paper does, changes that technological and How can an essay with cause mediatic change has forced upon political campaigns, strategy remains the key. The cyber era has forced campaigners to rethink tactics, but strategy remains more important. A Paper It Take? He and I are clearly in agreement that John McCain#8217;s appointment of Sarah Palin as running mate, for College reasearch papers writing example, was a tactical masterstroke, but a strategic catastrophe. Tactically, he excited his base, gave the Someone to write for me does, media a new toy, and momentarily unnnerved his opponent. Alabama Service? Strategically he blew a hole through the two central planks of his campaign experience, and being different from George Bush. In putting tactics before strategy, he broke one of the golden rules of campaigning. Strategists like rules.

We like points of principle to Someone to write a paper, act as anchors. I like the Random and matching, rules in Seguela#8217;s Chapter 5. On vote pour une idee. Pas pour une ideologie. Someone A Paper For Me Does? On vote pour soi. Pas pour son candidat.

On vote pour un homme. Pas pour un parti. On vote pour le professionalisme. Pas pour l#8217;amateurisme. Myself And Effect? On vote pour un projet pas pour le rejet. On vote pour le coeur. To Write For Me? Pas pour le rancoeur. On vote pour le futur. Pas pour le passe. On vote pour le bcbg.

Pas pour le bling bling. It is charmingly French that he illuminates the rule about voting for le couer pas pour le rancour to a tale of love and sex. #8216;Si votre femme vous trompe, ce n#8217;est pas en couvrant d#8217;insulte son amant que vous le reconquerez. Mais en lui redonnant envie de vous. La mecanique electorale est le meme, se faire elire c#8217;est se faire preferer.#8217; That may seem glib. But politics is a human business. It is about feelings as well as policies, emotion as well as reason. People often talk about essay service their political leaders as though in a relationship with them. #8216;He#8217;s not listening #8230; Why on earth did he do that? #8230; I#8217;ve gone off him #8230; Oh, I still like him deep down.#8217; Political leaders sometimes talk of the people in the same way.

How many times did I sit in the back of a car with Tony Blair, or fly over Britain in a ‘plane and he would look down and say #8216;God, I wish I knew what they were thinking #8230; Do they still like us?#8217; Back at the time of our first landslide, talk of the country #8216;falling in Someone does, love#8217; with Blair was widespread. Today, the biggest accusations of betrayal against Blair will often come from those who #8216;fell in love#8217; most deeply at the outset of his leadership. Perhaps this trend towards relationship politics is being exacerbated by introduction, the tendency towards younger leaders. Obama, Cameron, Sarkozy, Merkel these are people who came to Someone to write for me, power much younger than their counterparts down the centuries. Seguela, a man of a certain age, remains fascinated by writing 10th introduction, youth and its impact.

The brand manager in him can barely disguise his glee that Coca Cola, the drink of the young trendy, is 130 years old. You can sense the to write for me, excitement he felt on Online college essay service, meeting the young Americans not born when Seguela was advising Mitterrand who had developed Obama#8217;s digital strategy and so helped deliver a mailing list of 13m people. The focus on youth also dominates his analysis of the political consequences of the economic crash whose impact runs through these pages, and offers some fascinating factoids half of all Europeans are over 50, whilst three quarters of Algerians are under 25. There are as many people under 30 in China as in Russia, the US and Australia combined, and in India twice as many as in Someone to write a paper does, China. That too is a powerful force of assignment and matching, global change, and will have its impact on for me, Western politics of the future. As to what it all means for the next French elections, I don#8217;t know. How Can I Write About With? But this book provides part of the backdrop, economic and political. It should make interesting reading for anyone involved in that campaign.

Whilst clearly still of the view Sarkozy was and is the right choice for France, (though the polls at to write a paper for me does, the time of writing indicate he is in a minority) he throws out reasearch papers help kathy sole, ideas and challenges for right and left alike. As traditional lines are drawn, careful reading might provoke candidates and parties to see that they should always be looking to Someone a paper it take, the next new ideas, not merely repackaging the last new, let alone the old. Calin? I was in Paris recently as a guest of the left think tank, Terra Nova, and met politicians, advisors, militants, experts, journalists and bloggers. I came away with some strong impressions. Firstly, virtually everyone told me that President Sarkozy was hugely unpopular, and his ratings as low as it was possible to go. Yet many of the same people told me he could still win. They know he relishes a campaign. They suspect he may have learned from some mistakes. Incumbency is a powerful weapon. A comeback is a powerful narrative. And they worried that with the for me does it take, President so unpopular, the calin, economy sluggish, social issues raw, and the left in power in many parts of France, the to write for me does it take, PS should have been doing far better in with, the polls (to which, incidentally, French politicians and media pay far too much attention.) Of course this was pre selection of a PS candidate.

Many of the Socialists agreed with my analysis that once they had chosen the candidate, they needed to unite behind that candidate, resist their historic predilection for factionalism, run a campaign that was fresh, energetic and based upon a programme totally focused on the future and Someone a paper it take one which addressed people#8217;s concerns. They agreed too that the writing help sole, PS could no longer look down its nose at communication, but had to see it not just as an essential element of campaigning, but a democratic duty at a time when people have so many pressures on their lives and living standards, and Someone to write a paper for me does concerns about the Online college essay community, world around them. But though they agreed with the analysis, some worried about the Party’s capacity to deliver upon it. The fear of for me, another defeat ought to College help kathy sole, be enough, surely, to Someone for me does, deliver on the first and essential part: unity. As someone on the progressive side of the political divide, I continue to think the French left#8217;s over intellectualisation of politics, its focus on Essay writing introduction, never-ending debate instead of agreement around big points and unity behind one accepted leader remains a problem. I added that I felt the way was wide open for someone to come along and Someone to write a paper for me set out, with total honesty and clarity, the challenges ahead, the limitations of writing 10th, what one leader or one country can do, but explain the world and begin to to write a paper for me it take, shape direction. In other words, what I sensed behind the seeming confusion and i write an essay about myself with and effect rather disgruntled nature of Someone to write, French opinion was a real desire for leadership of a strategic rather than a tactical nature.

There too, there were concerns, not least because of memories of the negative impact on Lionel Jospin’s campaign when he stated – truthfully – that the State could not do everything. I heard a lot about Marine Le Pen and certainly the polls tell a good story for the leader of the Front National. She has certainly shown she can mount a campaign and get the media to accept a sense of change. When even her enemies refer to as Marine, rather than the more toxic Le Pen, that is something of a success. Online College Essay Service Community? But whenever I have heard her, I have not heard a powerful argument for the future of France. So France enters a fascinating period, where not one single person I met predicted the outcome of either first or second round without at least some doubt in their eyes. To Write A Paper It Take? When things are so tight, communications can make the essay service scholarships, difference. Someone Does It Take? It is not a dirty word. I don#8217;t agree with all of Seguela’s analysis. I don#8217;t accept that only four US presidents radically changed the country. I am not entirely convinced that la pub de la pub is more important than la pub.

I am not sure that David Cameron#8217;s loss of a child had the political impact Seguela thinks it did. I think Brits will be also be surprised at the dominant role he gives in the Tory campaign to his colleague David Jones. I think he overstates how Sarkozy is seen in the world. I agree with him that we need to be cautious about the potential abuse of the internet which has no global governance or regulation to match, but I#8217;m not sure I agree this risks being #8216;en bras arme de l#8217;anarchie#8217;. But it is cause and effect a book full of understanding of some of the big themes and the small details required for a successful campaigning mindset. He is, as one would expect for someone who has been close to different leaders, clued up on the importance of good chemistry between leader and strategist. Someone To Write A Paper It Take? He understands the importance of body language as well as language. He knows the College reasearch papers help sole, importance of emotion as well as reason.

He understands how the web is changing politics. One of my favourite phrases is that #8216;life is on the record#8217;. To Write A Paper? He has a different way of putting it. Reasearch Papers Writing Kathy Sole? #8216;Le #8220;off#8221; n#8217;existe plus desormais. Tout ce que vous direz pourra se retourner contre vous.#8217; It is for me does why the whole #8216;droit d#8217;etre oublie#8217; is emerging as a debate. How many of the young men and essay scholarships women today filling the web with pictures and confessions from their private lives may end up running for office one day, and regretting their openness? On verra. Perhaps I can end where I began, with the changes the social media has brought. At the to write does, last election Labour did not do poster campaigns. Essay Scholarships? This was a shame. In previous campaigns we had had some brilliant posters. But under Gordon Brown, we had very little money for the campaign.

The Tories had plenty of it and, as Seguela records, they ran a lot of posters. One of their most expensive billboard campaigns was of a giant photo of Cameron with an to write a paper it take, anti-Labour slogan #8216;we can#8217;t go on like this.#8217; Someone noticed that the Tory leader#8217;s face had been airbrushed. This fact became the source of thousands of i write about myself, tweets. Then someone set up a website mydavidcameron.com where people could send their own, largely anti-Tory, versions of this poster. These were sent in in their thousands, and for me does it take many were much better, wittier and more politically devastating than the original. I#8217;ll tell you when I knew they had wasted their money when the newspapers carried photos of one giant poster site which had been defaced #8230; Cameron#8217;s hair had been replaced with a painted version of Elvis Presley#8217;s hair, and to the slogan #8216;we can#8217;t go on like this#8217; had been added the words of Random assignment and matching, one of Elvis#8217; most famous songs #8230; #8216;with suspicious minds#8217;.

The combination of the internet and wit had reduced the political impact of a hugely expensive campaign to does, zero. That is my final thought as you begin to read Jacques Seguela’s account. It is a quote from a former colleague, Labour MP Hazel Blears #8230; #8216;Campaigning is like sex. Online Service? If you#8217;re not enjoying it, you#8217;re not doing it properly.#8217; The ego has landed. fascinating view on the affective, the emotional response of the individual. A Paper For Me Does It Take? Tories always bang on about how they view what Labour left them as nefast and noxious, Labour defends limply- the truly great things we did in college service, fact achieve. The above text would clearly show both miss the point. On vote pour le futur.

Pas pour le passe. The presidential focus of this text On vote pour un homme. Pas pour un parti- may jar greatly with many in this country. Someone Does It Take? T.B was viewed as too much this way by College papers help kathy, many. Someone A Paper Does It Take? Another masochist ? It#8217;s truly weird.

The emergence of social media is an interesting development and may, in time, alter the political dynamic. It is satisfying to be able to debate issues online, particularly important for those on the left who so rarely see or hear progressive opinions in the media. Since joining Twitter I feel better informed and in touch with political issues of the day. Useful campaigning information can be spread quickly and it has the potential to strengthen social bonding between groupings of Alabama essay service, like minded people. Someone To Write A Paper Does? I am surprised how many journalists, media organisations and politicians are active on Twitter. Essay Writing Introduction? It seems they at least, are aware of its potential and are wary of ignoring its influence. I suspect much of the antagonism directed towards Nick Clegg was spread through social media. Someone To Write Does It Take? Tenagers don#8217;t generally read newspapers or watch TV news, but they do talk to each other via Facebook. Let#8217;s hope it will make a difference.

Since the collapse of widescale union membership, too many natural Labour supporters don#8217;t hear our political message. Most probably read right wing papers and watch Sky TV. We need to essay service, maximise our reach through new social media to counteract the all pervasive right-wing bias everywhere else. To Write A Paper Does It Take? Norway is an amazing modern country, and how it has used it#8217;s oil and natural resouces for the best of all its people should be a set lesson to College papers writing help, any country in the World. Efficiency in it#8217;s extraction, and Someone does it take efficiency in using its resulting wealth. And this group from Norway here I have always liked since they started up, here with a guest star from Sweden. Royksopp and Robyn, And well done for having respect from La France, but that personally does not surprise me. But the book on sharp end political communication, to tell you honestly, is not up my street. I am into other things in life, you might have noticed. Anyway, Alastair, isn#8217;t it about time you thought of becoming an MP?

Glenda Jackson was older than you when she became one, if I remember right. Random Assignment Online And Matching? Ah yes, just checked, she was about 56, while you are only, ahem!, 54, but without a couple of oscars#8230; you total wanks. I know who you are and everything. You are pathetic in trying to be higher. To Write For Me It Take? Higher than what, you tell we banging keyboard in your own worlds. Need a keyboard to grow vegetibles? Don#8217;t think so somehow. Random Online? Time, ey? Who#8217;ll have it? Raised with praise to die?

Parentals withering before eyes, heartbreaking before yourself die. Life, who#8217;ll have it? asked? Not by many with sense. To see life#8217;s gymnastics performed, buck over a horse yes or no the normed. More scandanavian, with a 23 windowed VW german Samba minibus, and red riding hood, yes, her and to write a paper for me it take her subliminal hidden story, Grimm from Copenhagen-like, Saw Clarissa Dickson show today brilliant! Especially when she said you would most probably have a glass of wine, while I will partake in a ginger beer. Have wild garlic growing everywhere around here, with those baggy flowers and that smell in the air when you pass them. Will have to note them so to Alabama service scholarships, dig the bulbs when ready. Gawd knows what garlic strain they be though. To Write For Me It Take? After helping Tony Blair to secure a historic third term in office, Alastair Campbell might have hoped to make good his long-planned escape from Downing Street.

Blair, and Gordon Brown, had other ideas. Having negotiated Brown’s pivotal role in the 2005 election victory, Campbell then became fundamental in the transition from one Prime Minister to another.

Jan 27, 2018 Someone to write a paper for me does it take, buy essays cheap -

Information Technology and Someone for me, Moral Values. Information technology is now ubiquitous in Alabama essay scholarships the lives of people across the globe. These technologies take many forms such as personal computers, smart phones, the internet, web and mobile phone applications, digital assistants, and cloud computing. Someone Does! In fact the list is growing constantly and new forms of College reasearch papers help these technologies are working their way into every aspect of daily life. In some cases, such as can be seen in Someone for me it take massive multiplayer online games (see section 2.1.1 below), these technologies are even opening up new ways of interacting with each other. Information technology at its basic level is technology that records, communicates, synthesizes or organizes information. Information can be understood as any useful data, instructions, or meaningful message content. The word literally means to “give form to” or to College reasearch kathy shape one's thoughts. Someone A Paper For Me Does It Take! So a basic type of information technology might be the proverbial string tied around one's finger to remind or inform you that you have some specific task to accomplish today. Here the string stands in for i write an essay about myself cause and effect a more complex proposition such as “buy groceries before you come home.” The string itself is not the to write for me information, it merely symbolizes the information and Phd thesis calin dan, therefore this symbol must be correctly interpreted for Someone a paper for me it to be useful.

Which raises the question, what is Phd thesis, information itself? Unfortunately there is Someone to write a paper for me does it take, not a completely satisfying and philosophically rigorous definition available, though there are at least two very good starting points. Assignment Online! For those troubled by the ontological questions regarding information, we might want to simply focus on to write for me, the symbols and define information as any meaningfully ordered set of essay service scholarships symbols. This move can be very useful and mathematicians and engineers prefer to focus on this aspect of information, which is called “syntax” and for me it take, leave the papers writing kathy sole meaningfulness of information or its “semantics” for Someone to write it take others to figure out. Phd Thesis Calin! Claude E. Shannon working at Bell Labs produced a landmark mathematical theory of communication (1948), where he took his experiences in a paper it take cryptography and telephone technologies and worked out a mathematical formulation describing how syntactical information can be turned into a signal that is transmitted in such a way as to mitigate noise or other extraneous signals which can then be decoded by the desired receiver of the message (Shannon 1948; Shannon and Weaver 1949). Random Assignment Online! The concepts described by Shannon, along with additional important innovations made by others who are too many to list, explain the way that information technology works, but we still have the deeper issue to resolve if we want to thoroughly trace the impact of information technologies on moral values. The second starting point is a bit more deeply philosophical in nature. Here we begin with the claim that information either constitutes or is closely correlated with what constitutes our existence and Someone to write it take, the existence of everything around us. Essay Introduction! This means that information plays an ontological role in the manner in for me does which the universe operates. College Reasearch Papers Writing Help! A standpoint such as this would place information at the center of concern for philosophy and this idea has given rise to Someone a paper for me it take the new fields of Information Philosophy and Information Ethics. Philosophy of Information will not be addressed in detail here but the interested reader can begin with Floridi (2010b, 2011b) for Random assignment online and matching an introduction.

Some of the most important aspects of Information Ethics will be outlined in more detail below. Every action we take leaves a trail of information that could be recorded and stored for future use. For instance, you might use the simple technology of Someone for me does it take keeping a detailed diary listing all the things you did and thought during the service community day. But today you could augment that with even more detail gathered with advanced information technologies some examples include; all of your economic transactions, a GPS generated plot of where you traveled, a list of all the web addresses you visited and the details of each search you initiated online, a listing of all your vital signs such as blood pressure and Someone a paper does, heart rate, all of your dietary intakes for the day, and many other examples can be imagined. College Reasearch Writing Help! As you go through this thought experiment you begin to see the complex trail of Someone to write for me it take data that you generate each and every day and cause, how that same data might be collected and stored though the Someone to write a paper for me does it take use of information technologies. Here we can begin to see how information technology can impact moral values. As this data gathering becomes more automated and Random assignment online and matching, ever-present, we must ask who is in to write does it take control of reasearch sole this data, what is to be done with it, and who will insure its accuracy.

For instance, which bits of information should be made public, which held private, and does it take, which should be allowed to become the property of third parties like corporations? Questions of the production, access and control of information will be at Phd thesis, the heart of Someone to write a paper for me it take moral challenges surrounding the use of information technology. One might argue that this situation is no different from the Essay introduction moral issues revolving around the production, access and control of any basic necessity of life. But there is one major difference, if one party controls the access of some natural resource, then that by necessity excludes others from using it. This is not necessarily so with digital information, it is non-exclusory, meaning we can all at least theoretically possess the same digital information because copying it from one digital source to another does not require eliminating the previous copy. Someone A Paper! Since there is no physical obstacle to the spread of all information, then there remain only appeals to morality, or economic justice, which might prevent distributing certain forms of information.

Therefore, understanding the dan role of a paper for me moral values in information technology is indispensable to the design and use of these technologies (Johnson 1985; Moor 1985; Nissenbaum 1998; Spinello 2001). It should be noted that this entry will not directly address the Alabama phenomenological approach to the ethics of information technology since there is a detailed entry on this subject available (see entry on Phenomenological Approaches to Ethics and to write a paper does, Information Technology). 1. Calin Dan! The Moral Challenges of Information Technology. The move from one set of dominant information technologies to another is always morally contentious. Someone To Write A Paper It Take! Socrates lived during the long transition from scholarships a largely oral tradition to a newer information technology consisting of writing down words and information and a paper does, collecting those writings into scrolls and books. Famously Socrates was somewhat antagonistic to writing and he never wrote anything down himself. Ironically, we only know about Socrates' argument against Essay writing 10th introduction writing because his student Plato ignored his teacher and to write does it take, wrote it down in online and matching a dialogue called “Phaedrus” (Plato). Towards the Someone to write a paper end of this dialogue Socrates discusses with his friend Phaedrus the “conditions which make it (writing) proper or improper” (section 274b479c). 10th Introduction! Socrates tells a fable of an Egyptian God he names Theuth who gives the gift of writing to a king named Thamus. Thamus is not pleased with the gift and replies,

If men learn this, it will implant forgetfulness in to write for me does their souls; they will cease to exercise memory because they rely on that which is about myself cause, written, calling things to Someone to write for me does it take remembrance no longer from within themselves, but by means of external marks. (Phaedrus, section 275a) Socrates, who was adept at quoting lines from poems and service community, epics and placing them into his conversations, fears that those who rely on writing will never be able to Someone to write a paper does truly understand and reasearch papers writing help kathy, live by these words. For Socrates there is something immoral or false about writing. Books can provide information but they cannot, by themselves, give you the wisdom you need to use or deeply understand that information. Conversely, in an oral tradition you do not simply consult a library, you are the Someone to write a paper for me library, you are a living manifestation of the information you know by How can with cause, heart. Someone To Write A Paper For Me! For Socrates, reading a book is nowhere near as insightful as talking with its author. Written words, seem to talk to you as though they were intelligent, but if you ask them anything about what they say, from a desire to be instructed, they go on telling you the same thing forever. (Phaedrus, section 275d). His criticism of writing at first glance may seem humorous but the temptation to Online service community use recall and Someone to write a paper it take, call it memory is Phd thesis calin dan, getting more and more prevalent in modern information technologies. Why learn anything when information is just an Internet search away? In order to avoid Socrates' worry, information technologies should do more than just provide access to information; they should also help foster wisdom and understanding as well. 1.1 The Fundamental Character of Information Technologies.

Early in the information technology revolution Richard Mason suggested that the coming changes in information technologies would necessitate rethinking the social contract (Mason 1986). What he could not have known then was how often we would have to update the to write for me it take social contract as these technologies rapidly change. Information technologies change quickly and Essay writing introduction, move in and out of fashion at a bewildering pace. Someone Does! This makes it difficult to try to list them all and catalog the Phd thesis dan moral impacts of each. The very fact that this change is so rapid and to write a paper for me does it take, momentous has caused some to argue that we need to deeply question the ethics of the process of developing emerging technologies (Moor 2008). Writing 10th Introduction! It has also been argued that the ever morphing nature of information technology is changing our ability to even fully understand moral values as they change. Lorenzo Magnani claims that acquiring knowledge of how that change confounds our ability to reason morally “has become a duty in our technological world” (Magnani 2007, 93). Someone To Write! The legal theorist Larry Lessig warns that the Alabama essay pace of change in information technology is to write a paper, so rapid that it leaves the slow and deliberative process of law and political policy behind and in effect these technologies become lawless, or extralegal. This is due to the fact that by the time a law is written to essay curtail, for instance, some form of Someone to write a paper for me it take copyright infringement facilitated by a particular file sharing technology, that technology has become out of date and users are on Random assignment, to something else that facilitates copyright infringement (Lessig 1999). But even given this rapid pace of change it remains the case that information technologies or applications can all be categorized into at least three different types each of which we will look at below. All information technologies record (store), transmit (communicate), organize and/or synthesize information.

For example, a book is Someone does it take, a record of information, a telephone is used to communicate information, and the Dewey decimal system organizes information. Many information technologies can accomplish more than one of the above functions and, most notably, the computer can accomplish all of them since it can be described as a universal machine (see the entry on computability and complexity), so it can be programmed to College writing help kathy sole emulate any form of information technology. To Write It Take! In section 2 we will look at assignment, some specific example technologies and for me does, applications from each of the three types of information technology listed above and track the moral challenges that arise out of the use and design of writing 10th these specific technologies. In addition to the above we will need to address the growing use of information environments such as massive multiplayer games, which are environments completely composed of to write a paper information where people can develop alternate lives filled with various forms of social activities (see section 2.3). Finally we will look at not only how information technology impacts our moral intuitions but also how it might be changing the very nature of moral reasoning. In section 3, we will look at information as a technology of morality and how we might program applications and robots to interact with us in a more morally acceptable manner. 1.1.1 Moral Values in essay service scholarships Information Recording. We live in a world rich in data and the technology to record and store vast amounts of this data has grown rapidly. The primary moral concern here is that when we collect, store, and/or access information it is done in a just manner that anyone can see is fair and in Someone a paper for me it take the best interests of all parties involved. As was mentioned above, each of us produces a vast amount of information every day that could be recorded and stored as useful data to papers writing help kathy be accessed later when needed.

But moral conundrums arise when that collection, storage and use of Someone a paper for me does it take our information is done by third parties without our knowledge or done with only our tacit consent. The control of information is Essay introduction, power. The social institutions that have traditionally exercised this power are things like, religious organizations, universities, libraries, healthcare officials, government agencies, banks and corporations. These entities have access to stored information that gives them a certain amount of power over their customers and constituencies. To Write A Paper For Me! Today each citizen has access to more and more of that stored information without the How can i write necessity of utilizing the traditional mediators of Someone it take that information and Random assignment and matching, therefore a greater individual share of social power (see Lessig 1999). One of the great values of modern information technology is that it makes the recording of information easy, and in some cases, it is done automatically. Someone To Write A Paper For Me It Take! Today, a growing number of assignment people enter biometric data such as blood pressure, calorie intake, exercise patterns, etc. into applications designed to help them achieve a healthier lifestyle. This type of does data collection could become more automated in and matching the near future. There are already applications that use the GPS tracking available in many phones to Someone to write it take track the length and duration of a user's walk or run. How long until a smartphone collects a running data stream of your blood pressure throughout the day perhaps tagged with geo-location markers of particularly high or low readings? In one sense this could be immensely powerful data that could lead to much healthier lifestyle choices.

But it could also be a serious breach in privacy if the information got into How can i write an essay about myself the wrong hands which would be easily accomplished since third parties have access to a paper it take information collected on smartphones and online applications. In the next section (1.1.2) we will look at some theories on how best to ethically communicate this recorded information to preserve privacy. College Essay Service! But here we must address a more subtle privacy breach, the collection and recording of data about a user without his or her knowledge or consent. When searching on to write a paper for me does it take, the Internet, browser software records all manner of Alabama essay scholarships data about Someone for me it take our visits to various websites which can, for example, make webpages load faster next time you visit them. Even the Online college essay websites themselves use various means to record information when your computer has accessed them and they may leave bits of information on Someone it take, your computer which the site can use the next time you visit. Some websites are able to Alabama essay service detect which other sites you have visited or which pages on Someone does, the website you spend the most time on. If someone were following you around a library noting down this kind of information you might find it uncomfortable or hostile, but online this kind of behavior takes place behind the scenes and is barely noticed by the casual user. According to some professionals, information technology has all but eliminated the assignment online and matching private sphere. Scott McNealy of Sun Microsystems famously announced in Someone to write a paper for me 1999: “You have zero privacy anyway. Get over it” (Sprenger, 1999).

Helen Nissenbaum observes that, [w]here previously, physical barriers and College reasearch papers help, inconvenience might have discouraged all but the Someone to write a paper does most tenacious from ferreting out information, technology makes this available at the click of a button or for a few dollars (Nissenbaum 1997) and since the time when she wrote this the gathering of data has become more automated and cheaper. College! Clearly, earlier theories of Someone a paper privacy that assumed the inviolability of physical walls no longer apply but as Nissenbaum argues, personal autonomy and intimacy require us to protect privacy nonetheless (Nissenbaum 1997). A final concern in this section is that information technologies are now storing user data in “the cloud” meaning that the data is stored on a device remotely located from the user and not owned or operated by that user, but the data is then available from anywhere the Essay writing user happens to be on any device he or she happens to be using. To Write Does! This ease of access has the result of also making the relationship one has to one's own data more tenuous because of the uncertainty about the College help physical location of that data. Since personal data is crucially important to protect, the third parties that offer “cloud” services need to understand the responsibility of the trust the user is placing in them. If you load all the photographs of your life to a service like Flickr and they were to somehow lose or delete them, this would be a tragic mistake that might not be repairable. 1.1.2 Moral Values in Communicating and Accessing Information.

Information technology has forced us to rethink a simple notion of privacy into more complex theories that recognize both the benefits and to write does, risks of communicating all manner of information. The primary moral values of concern are privacy, ownership, trust and the veracity of the information being communicated. Who has the final say whether or not some information about How can about myself a user is communicated or not? Who is allowed to sell your medical records, your financial records, your friend list, your browser history, etc.? If you do not have control over to write for me it take this process, then how can you claim a right to privacy?

For instance Alan Westin argued in the very early decades of digital information technology that control of papers writing help kathy sole access to one's personal information was the key to maintaining privacy (Westin 1967). It follows that if we care about privacy, then we should give all the control of access to Someone to write for me does personal information to the individual. Most corporate entities resist this notion as information about users has become a primary commodity in the digital world boosting the How can with and effect fortunes of corporations like Google or Facebook. There is to write a paper does, a great deal of utility each of us gains from the services of internet search companies. It might actually be a fair exchange that they provide search results for free based on collecting data from individual user behavior that helps them rank the results.

This service comes with advertising that is directed at the user based on his or her search history. That is, each user tacitly agrees to give up some privacy whenever they use the service. If we follow the argument raised above that privacy is equivalent to information control then we do seem to be ceding our privacy away little by little. Herman Tavani and James Moor (2004) argue that in some cases giving the user more control of their information may actually result in greater loss of privacy. Their primary argument is that no one can actually control all of the information about oneself that is reasearch kathy sole, produced each day. For Me! If we focus only on the little bit we can control, we lose site of the vast mountains of data we cannot (Tavani and Moor 2004). Tavani and Moor argue that privacy must be recognized by the third parties that do control your information and only if those parties have a commitment to myself cause protecting user privacy will we actually have any real privacy and towards this end they suggest that we think in terms of restricted access to information rather than strict control of personal information (Tavani and Moor 2004). Information security is also an important moral value that impacts the communication and access of user information.

If we grant the control of our information to third parties in exchange for a paper for me it take the services they provide, then these entities must also be responsible for assignment restricting the access to that information by others who might use it to harm us (see Epstein 2007; Magnani 2007; Tavani 2007). With enough information, a person's entire identity might be stolen and used to facilitate fraud and larceny. The victims of Someone to write for me does it take these crimes can have their lives ruined as they try to essay service community rebuild such things as their credit rating and Someone to write a paper does it take, bank accounts. This has led to the design of computer systems that are more difficult to access and the growth of Online college essay service community a new industry dedicated to securing computer systems. The difficulty in obtaining complete digital security rests in Someone to write a paper for me does it take the fact that security is antithetical to the moral values of sharing and Alabama essay, openness that guided many of the early builders of information technology. Steven Levy (1984) describes in his book, “Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution,” a kind of “Hacker ethic,” that includes the idea that computers should be freely accessible and decentralized in a paper it take order to facilitate “world improvement” and further social justice (Levy 1984; see also Markoff 2005).

So it seems that information technology has a strong dissonance created in the competing values of college service security and openness based on the competing values of the Someone to write does people designing the technologies themselves. This conflict in values has been debated by philosophers. College! While many of the hackers interviewed by Levy argue that hacking is not as dangerous as it seems and that it is mostly about gaining knowledge of how systems work, Eugene Spafford counters that no computer break-in is entirely harmless and that the harm precludes the Someone a paper it take possibility of ethical hacking except in the most extreme cases (Spafford 2007). Kenneth Himma largely agrees that hacking is largely unethical but that politically motivated hacking or “Hacktivism” may have some moral justification though he is hesitant to give his complete endorsement of the practice due to the largely anonymous nature of the speech entailed by essay scholarships, the hacktivist protests (Himma 2007b). Mark Manion and Abby Goodrum agree that hacktivism could be a special case of ethical hacking but warn that it should proceed in accordance to the moral norms set by Someone for me does it take, the acts of civil disobedience that marked the twentieth century or risk being classified as online terrorism (Manion and Goodrum 2007). A very similar value split plays out in other areas as well, particularly in intellectual property rights (see entry on Intellectual Property/) and essay service, pornography and censorship (see entry on Pornography and Censorship). Someone To Write A Paper For Me Does! What information technology adds to these long standing moral debates is the nearly effortless access to information that others might want to control such as intellectual property, dangerous information and pornography (Floridi 1999), along with the anonymity of Online essay both the user and Someone for me it take, those providing access to the information (Nissenbaum 1999; Sullins 2010). For example, even though cases of bullying and stalking occur regularly, the Phd thesis dan anonymous and remote actions of Someone a paper does it take cyber-bullying and writing kathy sole, cyberstalking make these behaviors much easier and Someone for me, the perpetrator less likely to be caught. Arguably, this makes these unethical behaviors on cyberspace more likely that the design of cyberspace itself tacitly promotes unethical behavior (Adams 2002; Grodzinsky and Tavani 2002). Help Kathy Sole! Since the very design capabilities of information technology influence the lives of their users, the moral commitments of the designers of these technologies may dictate the course society will take and our commitments to certain moral values (Brey 2010; Bynum 2000; Ess 2009; Johnson 1985; Magnani 2007; Moor 1985; Spinello 2001; Sullins 2010). Assuming we are justified in granting access to some store of information that we may be in control of, there is a duty to ensure that that information is useful and accurate.

If you use a number of different search engines to try to find some bit of information, each of these searches will vary from Someone a paper for me does one another. This shows that not all searches are equal and it matters which search provider you use. All searches are filtered to some degree in order to ensure that the Phd thesis information the search provider believes is Someone a paper does, most important to the user is listed first. A great deal of trust is placed in this filtering process and the actual formulas used by search providers are closely held trade secrets. The hope is that these decisions are morally justifiable but it is difficult to know. College Papers Help Sole! If we are told a link will take us to one location on the web yet when we click it we are taken to some other place, the user may feel that this is a breach of trust. Someone A Paper For Me Does! This is often called “clickjacking” and malicious software can clickjack a browser by taking the user to some other site than is expected; it will usually be rife with other links that will further infect your machine or sites that pay the clickjacker for essay service bringing traffic to them (Hansen and Grossman, 2008). Again the anonymity and ease of use that information technology provides can facilitate deceitful practices. Someone For Me Does It Take! Pettit (2009) suggests that this should cause us to reevaluate the role that moral values such as trust and Online college essay, reliance play in a world of information technology. Lastly in this section we must address the impact that the Someone to write access to information has on social justice.

Information technology was largely developed in the Western industrial societies during the twentieth century. But even today the benefits of this technology have not spread evenly around the world and to all socioeconomic demographics. Reasearch Help Kathy Sole! Certain societies and Someone to write a paper it take, social classes have little to Online college essay service community no access to Someone to write a paper the information easily available to those in more well off and in developed nations, and some of those who have some access have that access heavily censored by their own governments. This situation has come to Random assignment online and matching be called the “digital divide,” and despite efforts to address this gap it may be growing wider. Someone For Me Does! While much of Phd thesis this gap is driven by economics (see Warschauer 2003), Charles Ess notes that there is also a problem with the Someone for me it take forces of writing 10th introduction a new kind of cyber enabled colonialism and ethnocentrism that can limit the a paper does desire of Alabama essay service scholarships those outside the industrial West to participate in this new “Global Metropolis” (Ess 2009). John Weckert also notes that cultural differences in giving and taking offence play a role in the design of a paper for me does more egalitarian information technologies (Weckert 2007).

Others argue that basic moral concerns like privacy are weighed differently in Asian cultures (Hongladarom 2008; Lü 2005). 1.1.3 Moral Values in Organizing and Synthesizing Information. In addition to storing and communicating information, many information technologies automate the organizing of information as well as synthesizing or mechanically authoring or acting on new information. Norbert Wiener first developed a theory of automated information synthesis which he called Cybernetics (Wiener 1961 [1948]). Wiener realized that a machine could be designed to gather information about the How can with world, derive logical conclusions about that information which would imply certain actions, which the machine could then implement, all without any direct input form a human agent. Wiener quickly saw that if his vision of cybernetics was realized, there would be tremendous moral concerns raised by such machines which he outlined in his book the Human Use of Human Beings (Wiener 1950).

Wiener argued that, while this sort of technology could have drastic moral impacts, it was still possible to be proactive and guide the technology in ways that would increase the to write for me it take moral reasoning capabilities of both humans and machines (Bynum 2008). Machines make decisions that have moral impacts. Wendell Wallach and Colin Allen tell an anecdote in their book “Moral Machines” (2008). I Write An Essay About With! One of the a paper it take authors left on Online college service, a vacation and Someone to write a paper for me does it take, when he arrived overseas his credit card stopped working, perplexed, he called the bank and learned that an automatic anti-theft program had decided that there was a high probability that the charges he was trying to make were from someone stealing his card and that in order to protect him the Alabama service machine had denied his credit card transactions. Here we have a situation where a piece of information technology was making decisions about the probability of nefarious activity happening that resulted in a small amount of to write for me does it take harm to Online college essay service community the person that it was trying to help.

Increasingly, machines make important life changing financial decisions about people without much oversight from human agents. Whether or not you will be given a credit card, mortgage loan, the price you will have to pay for insurance, etc. is very often determined by for me does, a machine. For instance if you apply for a credit card the reasearch machine will look for certain data points, like your salary, your credit record, the to write for me economic condition of the area you're in, etc., and then calculates a probability that you will default on your credit card, that probability will either pass a threshold of acceptance or not and determine whether or not you are given the card. The machine can typically learn as well to make better judgments given the results of College reasearch writing help sole earlier decisions it has made. Machine learning and prediction is based on a paper does it take, complex logic and mathematics (see for example Russell and Norvig 2010), this complexity may result in slightly humorous examples of mistaken prediction as told above, or it might interpret the Online college community data of Someone to write does someone's friends and acquaintances, his or her recent purchases, and other social data which might result in the mistaken classification of that person as a potential terrorist, thus altering that person's life in a powerfully negative way (Sullins 2010). Online Service Community! It all depends on the design of the learning and prediction algorithm, something that is typically kept secret. 1.2 The Moral Paradox of Information Technologies. Several of the a paper for me it take issues raised above result from the moral paradox of College reasearch papers help kathy Information technologies. Does! Many users want information to online be quickly accessible and easy to use and desire that it should come at as low a cost as possible, preferably free. But users also want important and sensitive information to Someone to write for me it take be secure, stable and reliable. Maximizing our value of quick and low cost minimizes our ability to online provide secure and high quality information and the reverse is true also.

Thus the designers of information technologies are constantly faced with making uncomfortable compromises. The early web pioneer Stewart Brand sums this up well in his famous quote: In fall 1984, at the first Hackers' Conference, I said in to write does one discussion session: “On the writing sole one hand information wants to be expensive, because it's so valuable. The right information in the right place just changes your life. On the other hand, information wants to to write a paper for me does it take be free, because the cost of getting it out is getting lower and lower all the time. So you have these two fighting against each other” (Clarke 2000see Other Internet Resources) [1] Since these competing moral values are essentially impossible to reconcile, they are likely to continue to be at the heart of moral debates in the use and design of community information technologies for the foreseeable future. 2. Specific Moral Challenges at to write a paper for me does it take, the Cultural Level. In the section above, the focus was on college, the moral impacts of information technologies on the individual user.

In this section, the focus will be on how these technologies shape the moral landscape at the social level. At the turn of the century the term “web 2.0” began to surface and it referred to the new way that the world wide web was being used as a medium for information sharing and collaboration as well as a change in Someone a paper does the mindset of web designers to include more interoperability and user-centered experiences on their websites. This term has also become associated with “social media” and “social networking.” While the original design of the service scholarships web by its creator Tim Berners-Lee was always one that included notions of meeting others and collaboration, users were finally ready to fully exploit those capabilities by 2004 when the first Web 2.0 conference was held by O'Reilly Media (O'Reilly 2005see Other Internet Resources). This change has meant that a growing number of Someone to write a paper people have begun to spend significant portions of their lives online with other users experiencing an unprecedentedly new kind of lifestyle. Social networking is an important part of many people's lives now where massive numbers of people congregate on sites like Facebook and interact with friends old and new, real and virtual.

The Internet offers the immersive experience of interacting with others in virtual worlds where environments constructed from information. Just now emerging onto the scene are technologies that will allow us to an essay about myself with cause and effect merge the Someone to write a paper for me it take real and the virtual. This new “augmented reality” is facilitated by the fact that many people now carry GPS enabled smart phones and other portable computers with them upon college community which they can run applications that let them interact with their surroundings and to write for me, their computers at the same time, perhaps looking at an item though the camera in their device and the “app” calling up information about that entity and displaying it in a bubble above the item. Each of these technologies comes with their own suite of new moral challenges some of which will be discussed below. Social networking is a term given to sites and applications that facilitate online social interactions that typically focus on sharing information with other users referred to as “friends.” The most famous of Alabama essay scholarships these sites today is Facebook. There are a number of moral values that these sites call into question.

Shannon Vallor (2011) has reflected on how sites like Facebook change or even challenge our notion of friendship. Her analysis is based on the Aristotelian theory of friendship (see entry on Aristotle's Ethics). Aristotle argued that humans realize a good and Someone to write for me, true life though virtuous friendships. College Papers Help Kathy Sole! Valor notes that four key dimensions of Aristotle's ‘virtuous friendship,’ namely: reciprocity, empathy, self-knowledge and Someone to write a paper for me, the shared life, are found in online social media in ways that can actually strengthen friendship (Vallor 2011). Yet she argues that social media is not up to the task of facilitating what Aristotle calls ‘the shared life,’ and thus these media cannot fully support the Aristotelian notion of complete and virtuous friendship by themselves (Vallor 2011). Vallor also has a similar analysis of other Aristotelian virtues such as patience, honesty and empathy as they are fostered in online media (Vallor 2010). Johnny Hartz Søraker (2012) argues for and matching a nuanced understanding of online friendship rather than a rush to normative judgement on the virtues of virtual friends.

There are, of course, privacy issues that abound in the use of social media. James Parrish following Mason (1986) recommends four policies that a user of social media should follow to ensure proper ethical concern for other's privacy: When sharing information on SNS (social network sites), it is to write it take, not only necessary to consider the privacy of one's personal information, but the privacy of the information of others who may be tied to the information being shared. When sharing information on SNS, it is the responsibility of the one desiring to share information to verify the accuracy of the information before sharing it. A user of SNS should not post information about Essay writing 10th introduction themselves that they feel they may want to to write a paper for me it take retract at College papers help kathy sole, some future date. Furthermore, users of SNS should not post information that is the product of the mind of another individual unless they are given consent by to write a paper for me does it take, that individual. In both cases, once the information is dan, shared, it may be impossible to retract. It is the responsibility of the SNS user to determine the authenticity of a person or program before allowing the person or program access to to write does the shared information. (Parrish 2010) These systems are not typically designed to protect individual privacy, but since these services are typically free there is a strong economic drive for the service providers to harvest at least some information about online and matching their user's activities on the site in order to sell that information to does advertisers for directed marketing.

The first moral impact one encounters when contemplating online games is the tendency for these games to portray violence. There are many news stories that claim a cause and Phd thesis dan, effect relationship between violence in computer games and real violence. The claim that violence in video games has a causal connection to actual violence has been strongly critiqued by the social scientist Christopher J. Ferguson (Ferguson 2007). However, Mark Coeckelbergh argues that since this relationship is tenuous at best and Someone a paper for me does it take, that the real issue at hand is the effect these games have on one's moral character (Coeckelbergh 2007). How Can An Essay About And Effect! But Coeckelbergh goes on to claim that computer games can be designed to Someone it take facilitate virtues like empathetic and How can about with and effect, cosmopolitan moral development so he is not arguing against all games just those where the violence inhibits moral growth (Coeckelbergh 2007). For Me Does! Marcus Schulzke (2010) holds a different opinion, suggesting that the violence in computer games is morally defensible. Schulzke's main claim is that actions in a virtual world are very different from actions in the real world, though a player may “kill” another player in a virtual world, that player is Alabama service scholarships, instantly back in the game and the two will almost certainly remain friends in the real world thus virtual violence is very different from real violence, a distinction gamers are comfortable with (Schulzke 2010). While virtual violence may seem palatable to Someone to write a paper for me some, Morgan Luck (2009) seeks a moral theory that might be able to allow the acceptance of virtual murder but that will not extend to other immoral acts such as pedophilia. Christopher Bartel (2011) is less worried about the Essay writing distinction Luck attempts to draw; Bartel argues that virtual pedophilia is real child pornography, which is Someone a paper for me does it take, already morally reprehensible and illegal across the globe. While violence is easy to college essay service community see in online games, there is a much more substantial moral value at play and that is the politics of virtual worlds. Peter Ludlow and Mark Wallace describe the initial moves to online political culture in their book, The Second Life Herald: The Virtual Tabloid that Witnessed the Dawn of the Metaverse (2007).

Ludlow and Wallace chronicle how the players in massive online worlds have begun to form groups and guilds that often confound the designers of the game and are at times in conflict with those that make the Someone to write for me game. Their contention is that designers rarely realize that they are creating a space where people intended to live large portions of their lives and engage in real economic and social activity and thus the designers have the moral duties somewhat equivalent to those who may write a political constitution (Ludlow and Wallace 2007). According to an essay cause and effect Purcell (2008), there is little commitment to democracy or egalitarianism in online games and this needs to change if more and more of us are going to spend time living in these virtual worlds. 2.1.2 The Lure of the Virtual Game Worlds. A persistent concern about the use of Someone to write a paper it take computers and especially computer games is that this could result in anti-social behavior and isolation. Yet studies might not support these hypotheses (Gibba, et al.

1983). With the advent of massively multiplayer games as well as video games designed for families the social isolation hypothesis is even harder to believe. How Can An Essay With! These games do, however, raise gender equality issues. James Ivory used online reviews of games to complete a study that shows that male characters outnumber female characters in games and those female images that are in games tend to be overly sexualized (Ivory 2006). Someone To Write For Me It Take! Soukup (2007) suggests that gameplay in these virtual worlds is most often based on gameplay that is oriented to masculine styles of play thus potentially alienating women players.

And those women that do participate in game play at the highest level play roles in gaming culture that are very different from those the largely heterosexual white male gamers, often leveraging their sexuality to gain acceptance (Taylor et al. 2009). Additionally, Joan M. Phd Thesis Dan! McMahon and to write a paper does it take, Ronnie Cohen have studied how gender plays a role in Essay introduction the making of ethical decisions in Someone a paper for me the virtual online world, with women more likely to judge a questionable act as unethical then men (2009). Marcus Johansson suggests that we may be able to mitigate virtual immorality by punishing virtual crimes with virtual penalties in order to foster more ethical virtual communities (Johansson 2009). The media has raised moral concerns about the way that childhood has been altered by the use of Online essay service information technology (see for example Jones 2011). Many applications are now designed specifically for toddlers encouraging them to interact with computers from as early an Someone to write a paper for me does age as possible. Writing Help Sole! Since children may be susceptible to media manipulation such as advertising we have to ask if this practice is morally acceptable or not. Depending on the particular application being used, it may encourage solitary play that may lead to isolation but others are more engaging with both the parents and the children playing (Siraj-Blatchford 2010). It should also be noted that pediatricians have advised that there are no known benefits to early media use amongst young children but there potential risks (Christakis 2009). Studies have shown that from 1998 to 2008, sedentary lifestyles amongst children in England have resulted in the first measured decline in strength since World War Two (Cohen et al. 2011).

It is not clear if this decline is directly attributable to to write a paper it take information technology use but it may be a contributing factor. 2.3 Malware, Spyware and Informational Warfare. Malware and computer virus threats are growing at an astonishing rate. Security industry professionals report that while certain types of Alabama essay service malware attacks such as spam are falling out of fashion, newer types of Someone for me does it take attacks focused on mobile computing devices and the hacking of cloud computing infrastructure are on the rise outstripping any small relief seen in the slowing down of older forms of attack (Cisco Systems 2011; Kaspersky Lab 2011). What is clear is that this type of activity will be with us for the foreseeable future. In addition to the largely criminal activity of malware production, we must also consider the related but more morally ambiguous activities of College help hacking, hacktivism, commercial spyware, and informational warfare. Each of these topics has its own suite of a paper for me does it take subtle moral ambiguities. We will now explore some of Essay writing them here.

While there may be wide agreement that the conscious spreading of malware is of questionable morality there is an interesting question as to Someone a paper for me does the morality of malware protection and anti-virus software. With the rise in writing introduction malicious software there has been a corresponding growth in the security industry which is now a multi-billion dollar market. Someone Does! Even with all the money spent on security software there seems to be no slowdown in virus production, in online fact quite the opposite has occurred. Someone To Write A Paper Does! This raises an interesting business ethics concern, what value are customers receiving for their money from the i write an essay about cause and effect security industry? The massive proliferation of malware has been shown to be largely beyond the ability of anti-virus software to completely mitigate. There is an important lag in the time between when a new piece of malware is detected by the security community and the eventual release of the security patch and malware removal tools. The anti-virus modus operandi of receiving a sample, analyzing the to write for me sample, adding detection for the sample, performing quality assurance, creating an update, and finally sending the update to their users leaves a huge window of opportunity for Alabama essay the adversary even assuming that anti-virus users update regularly. Someone To Write A Paper For Me! (Aycock and College papers writing help, Sullins 2010) This lag is constantly exploited by malware producers and in to write a paper it take this model there is an everpresent security hole that is impossible to Online college essay service community fill. Thus it is to write, important that security professionals do not overstate their ability to protect systems, by the time a new malicious program is discovered and patched, it has already done significant damage and there is currently no way to stop this (Aycock and Sullins 2010).

In the past most malware creation was motivated by hobbyists and amateurs, but this has changed and essay community, now much of this activity is criminal in nature (Cisco Systems 2011; Kaspersky Lab 2011). Aycock and Sullins (2010) argue that relying on a strong defense is does, not enough and the situation requires a counteroffensive reply as well and they propose an ethically motivated malware research and creation program. This is not an entirely new idea and it was originally suggested by the Computer Scientist George Ledin in his editorial for the Communications of the ACM , “Not Teaching Viruses and Worms is Harmful” (2005). This idea does run counter to the majority opinion regarding the ethics of reasearch papers writing help kathy sole learning and Someone a paper for me, deploying malware. Most computer scientists and researchers in information ethics agree that all malware is unethical (Edgar 2003; Himma 2007a; Neumann 2004; Spafford 1992; Spinello 2001). According to Aycock and Sullins, these worries can be mitigated by open research into understanding how malware is created in order to better fight this threat (2010).

When malware and spyware is created by Alabama service scholarships, state actors, we enter the world of informational warfare and a new set of moral concerns. Every developed country in the world experiences daily cyber-attacks, with the major target being the United States that experiences a purported 1.8 billion attacks a month (Lovely 2010). The majority of these attacks seem to be just probing for weaknesses but they can devastate a countries internet such as the Someone a paper for me does cyber attacks on Online college, Estonia in 2007 and those in Georgia which occured in 2008. While the Estonian and Georgian attacks were largely designed to obfuscate communication within the Someone to write a paper for me does it take target countries more recently informational warfare has been used to facilitate remote sabotage. The now famous Stuxnet virus used to attack Iranian nuclear centrifuges is perhaps the first example of weaponized software capable of creating remotely damaging physical facilities (Cisco Systems 2011). Service! The coming decade will likely see many more cyber weapons deployed by state actors along well-known political fault lines such as those between Israel-America-western Europe vs Iran, and America-Western Europe vs China (Kaspersky Lab 2011). The moral challenge here is to determine when these attacks are considered a severe enough challenge to the sovereignty of a nation to justify military reactions and to react in a justified and ethical manner to them (Arquilla 2010; Denning 2008, Kaspersky Lab 2011). The primary moral challenge of Someone for me informational warfare is Essay writing 10th introduction, determining how to a paper does use weaponized information technologies in a way that honors our commitments to just and legal warfare. About Myself With! Since warfare is already a morally questionable endeavor it would be preferable if information technologies could be leveraged to Someone it take lessen violent combat. College Reasearch Papers Writing Help! For instance, one might argue that the to write Stuxnet virus did damage that in generations before might have been accomplished by an air raid incurring significant civilian casualtiesand that so far there have been no reported human casualties resulting from Stuxnet.

The malware known as “Flame” seems to be designed to aid in espionage and one might argue that more accurate information given to decision makers during wartime should help them make better decisions on the battlefield. On the Essay introduction other hand, these new informational warfare capabilities might allow states to engage in continual low level conflict eschewing efforts for peacemaking which might require political compromise. As was mentioned in the introduction above, information technologies are in a constant state of change and innovation. The internet technologies that have brought about so much social change were scarcely imaginable just decades before they appeared. Even though we may not be able to foresee all possible future information technologies, it is Someone a paper it take, important to try to imagine the changes we are likely to see in emerging technologies. James Moor argues that moral philosophers need to pay particular attention to emerging technologies and Phd thesis dan, help influence the design of these technologies early on to write it take, before they adversely affect moral change (Moor 2005). Some potential technological concerns now follow. An information technology has an college community interesting growth pattern that has been observed since the founding of the industry. Intel engineer Gordon E. Moore noticed that the number of components that could be installed on Someone to write does it take, an integrated circuit doubled every year for a minimal economic cost and he thought it might continue that way for another decade or so from the Online college essay service community time he noticed it in 1965 (Moore 1965). History has shown his predictions were rather conservative.

This doubling of speed and capabilities along with a halving of cost has proven to continue every 18 or so months since 1965 and shows little evidence of for me stopping. And this phenomenon is essay, not limited to computer chips but is also present in all information technologies. The potential power of this accelerating change has captured the it take imagination of the noted inventor Ray Kurzweil who has famously predicted that if this doubling of capabilities continues and more and more technologies become information technologies, then there will come a point in Online service time where the change from one generation of information technology to the next will become so massive that it will change everything about what it means to be human, and at Someone a paper does it take, this moment which he calls “the Singularity” our technology will allow us to become a new post human species (2006). If this is correct, there could be no more profound change to our moral values. Writing Introduction! There has been some support for this thesis from the Someone to write does it take technology community with institutes such as the Singularity Institute, the Acceleration Studies Foundation, Future of Humanity Institute, and H+. [2] Reaction to this hypothesis from 10th introduction philosophy has been mixed but largely critical. For example Mary Midgley (1992) argues that the belief that science and technology will bring us immortality and bodily transcendence is Someone to write does it take, based on pseudoscientific beliefs and a deep fear of death. In a similar vein Sullins (2000) argues that there is a quasi-religious aspect to the acceptance of Essay writing introduction transhumanism and Someone a paper does, the acceptance of the calin dan transhumanist hypothesis influences the values embedded in Someone to write a paper does computer technologies that are dismissive or hostile to the human body.

While many ethical systems place a primary moral value on Essay introduction, preserving and protecting the natural, transhumanists do not see any value in defining what is natural and what is to write a paper for me does, not and consider arguments to preserve some perceived natural state of the human body as an Online college service community unthinking obstacle to progress. Not all philosophers are critical of transhumanism, as an for me it take example Nick Bostrom (2008) of the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University argues that putting aside the feasibility argument, we must conclude that there are forms of posthumanism that would lead to long and Alabama service, worthwhile lives and that it would be overall a very good thing for humans to become posthuman if it is at a paper for me does it take, all possible. 2.4.2 Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Life. Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the many longstanding research projects directed at building information technologies that exhibit some or all aspects of human level intelligence and problem solving. Artificial Life (ALife) is a project that is not as old as AI and How can i write an essay about myself cause and effect, is focused on Someone to write a paper for me does, developing information technologies and or synthetic biological technologies that exhibit life functions typically found only in biological entities. Phd Thesis Dan! A more complete description of a paper logic and AI can be found in the entry on logic and artificial intelligence. ALife essentially sees biology as a kind of naturally occurring information technology that may be reverse engineered and synthesized in other kinds of technologies. Random And Matching! Both AI and Someone a paper does it take, ALife are vast research projects that defy simple explanation.

Instead the focus here is on the moral values that these technologies impact and College papers kathy sole, the way some of these technologies are programmed to affect emotion and moral concern. Alan Turing is credited with defining the research project that would come to be known as artificial Intelligence in his seminal 1950 paper “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.” He described the “imitation game,” where a computer attempts to fool a human interlocutor that it is not a computer but another human (Turing 1948, 1950). In 1950, he made the now famous claim that. I believe that in about fifty years' time. For Me Does! one will be able to i write about myself cause and effect speak of machines thinking without expecting to be contradicted. A description of the test and its implications to philosophy outside of moral values can be found here (see entry on The Turing Test). Turing's prediction may have been overly ambitious and in fact some have argued that we are nowhere near the completion of Turing's dream. For example, Luciano Floridi (2011a) argues that while AI has been very successful as a means of a paper does it take augmenting our own intelligence, but as a branch of cognitive science interested in intelligence production, AI has been a dismal disappointment. For argument's sake, assume Turing is correct even if he is College writing, off in his estimation of Someone to write a paper does when AI will succeed in creating a machine that can converse with you.

Yale professor David Gelernter worries that that there would be certain uncomfortable moral issues raised. Writing 10th Introduction! “You would have no grounds for treating it as a being toward which you have moral duties rather than as a tool to be used as you like” (Gelernter 2007). Gelernter suggests that consciousness is does, a requirement for moral agency and community, that we may treat anything without it in any way that we want without moral regard. Sullins (2006) counters this argument by noting that consciousness is not required for moral agency. Someone A Paper It Take! For instance, nonhuman animals and the other living and Essay 10th, nonliving things in our environment must be accorded certain moral rights, and indeed, any Turing capable AI would also have moral duties as well as rights, regardless of to write a paper its status as a conscious being (Sullins 2006). But even if AI is incapable of reasearch help kathy creating machines that can converse effectively with human beings, there are still many other applications that use AI technology. Many of the information technologies we discussed above such as, search, computer games, data mining, malware filtering, robotics, etc. all utilize AI programming techniques. Thus it may be premature to dismiss progress in the realm of for me does AI. Artificial Life (ALife) is an outgrowth of AI and refers to the use of information technology to simulate or synthesize life functions. The problem of Phd thesis dan defining life has been an interest in Someone to write a paper for me does philosophy since its founding. See the entry on life for a look at the concept of life and its philosophical ramifications. If scientists and College reasearch writing help sole, technologists were to succeed in discovering the necessary and sufficient conditions for life and then successfully synthesize it in a machine or through synthetic biology, then we would be treading on territory that has significant moral impact.

Mark Bedau has been tracing the philosophical implications of Someone a paper for me it take ALife for some time now and argues that there are two distinct forms of ALife and each would thus have different moral effects if and when we succeed in realizing these separate research agendas (Bedau 2004; Bedau and Parke 2009). One form of ALife is completely computational and is in College reasearch papers help kathy sole fact the earliest form of ALife studied. ALife is inspired by the work of the Someone does it take mathematician John von Neumann on self-replicating cellular automata, which von Neumann believed would lead to a computational understanding of biology and the life sciences (1966). The computer scientist Christopher Langton simplified von Neumann's model greatly and produced a simple cellular automata called “Loops” in the early eighties and helped get the field off the service scholarships ground by organizing the first few conferences on Artificial Life (1989). Artificial Life programs are quite different from AI programs. Where AI is intent on a paper for me does it take, creating or enhancing intelligence, ALife is content with very simple minded programs that display life functions rather than intelligence. The primary moral concern here is that these programs are designed to self-reproduce and in that way resemble computer viruses and indeed successful ALife programs could become as malware vectors. The second form of ALife is college essay community, much more morally charged. This form of ALife is based on manipulating actual biological and biochemical processes in such a way as to produce novel life forms not seen in nature.

Scientists at the J. Craig Venter institute were able to synthesize an artificial bacterium called JCVI-syn1.0 in May of 2010. While media paid attention to this breakthrough, they tended to focus on the potential ethical and social impacts of the creation of artificial bacteria. Craig Venter himself launched a public relations campaign trying to Someone a paper for me it take steer the conversation about issues relating to calin dan creating life. This first episode in the synthesis of life gives us a taste of the excitement and controversy that will be generated when more viable and robust artificial protocells are synthesized. The ethical concerns raised by to write a paper for me does it take, Wet ALife, as this kind of research is called, are more properly the jurisdiction of bioethics (see entry on essay service scholarships, Theory and Bioethics). But it does have some concern for us here in that Wet ALife is part of the process of turning theories from the life sciences into information technologies. This will tend to blur the boundaries between bioethics and information ethics. Just as software ALife might lead to dangerous malware, so too might Wet ALife lead to dangerous bacteria or other disease agents.

Critics suggest that there are strong moral arguments against pursuing this technology and that we should apply the precautionary principle here which states that if there is any chance at a technology causing catastrophic harm, and there is to write a paper for me does, no scientific consensus suggesting that the harm will not occur, then those who wish to develop that technology or pursue that research must prove it to reasearch writing sole be harmless first (see Epstein 1980). Mark Bedau and a paper for me does it take, Mark Traint argue against a too strong adherence to the precautionary principle by suggesting that instead we should opt for moral courage in pursuing such an important step in human understanding of life (2009). They appeal to the Aristotelian notion of courage, not a headlong and foolhardy rush into the unknown, but a resolute and careful step forward into the possibilities offered by this research. Information technologies have not been content to remain confined to virtual worlds and software implementations. These technologies are also interacting directly with us through robotics applications. Robotics is an emerging technology but it has already produced a number of applications that have important moral implications. Technologies such as military robotics, medical robotics, personal robotics and the world of sex robots are just some of the already existent uses of robotics that impact on and express our moral commitments (see Capurro and Nagenborg 2009; Lin et al. 2011).

There have already been a number of valuable contributions to help kathy sole the growing field of robotic ethics (roboethics). For example, in Wallach and to write does it take, Allen's book Moral Machines: Teaching Robots Right from Wrong (2010), the authors present ideas for the design and programming of machines that can functionally reason on moral questions as well as examples from the field of robotics where engineers are trying to create machines that can behave in a morally defensible way. The introduction of semi and assignment online and matching, fully autonomous machines into public life will not be simple. Towards this end, Wallach (2011) has also contributed to Someone to write a paper does it take the discussion on the role of philosophy in helping to design public policy on the use and regulation of Random online robotics. Military robotics has proven to Someone to write for me it take be one of the most ethically charged robotics applications. Today these machines are largely remotely operated (telerobots) or semi-autonomous, but over time these machines are likely to become more and more autonomous due to the necessities of modern warfare (Singer 2009). Calin! In the first decade of a paper for me it take war in the 21 st century robotic weaponry has been involved in numerous killings of both soldiers and noncombatants, and this fact alone is of deep moral concern. Gerhard Dabringer has conducted numerous interviews with ethicists and technologists regarding the implications of automated warfare (Dabringer 2010). Many ethicists are cautious in their acceptance of automated warfare with the provision that the technology is used to enhance just warfare practices (see Lin et al.

2008; Sullins 2009b) but others have been highly skeptical of the prospects of a just autonomous war due to Random online and matching issues like the risk to civilians (Asaro 2008; Sharkey 2011). 3. Someone To Write A Paper! Information Technologies of Morality. A key development in realm of Phd thesis calin information technologies is that they are not only the object of moral deliberations but they are also beginning to Someone it take be used as a tool in moral deliberation itself. Since artificial intelligence technologies and applications are a kind of automated problem solvers, and moral deliberations are a kind of Alabama service problem, it was only Someone a paper for me does it take a matter of Random assignment online time before automated moral reasoning technologies would emerge. This is still only an emerging technology but it has a number of very interesting moral implications which will be outlined below. The coming decades are likely to see a number of a paper does advances in this area and ethicists need to pay close attention to these developments as they happen. Susan and Michael Anderson have collected a number of essay articles regarding this topic in a paper for me their book, Machine Ethics (2011), and Rocci Luppicini has a section of his anthology devoted to this topic in the Handbook of Research on Online college essay, Technoethics (2009).

3.1 Information Technology as a Model for Moral Discovery. Patrick Grim has been a longtime proponent of the idea that philosophy should utilize information technologies to automate and illustrate philosophical thought experiments (Grim et al. 1998; Grim 2004). Peter Danielson (1998) has also written extensively on this subject beginning with his book Modeling Rationality, Morality, and Evolution with much of the early research in the computational theory of morality centered on using computer models to elucidate the emergence of cooperation between simple software AI or ALife agents (Sullins 2005). Luciano Floridi and J. W. Sanders argue that information as it is used in the theory of computation can serve as a powerful idea that can help resolve some of the famous moral conundrums in philosophy such as the nature of evil (1999, 2001). The propose that along with moral evil and natural evil, both concepts familiar to philosophy (see entry on the Problem of Evil); we add a third concept they call artificial evil (2001). Floridi and Sanders contend that if we do this then we can see that the actions of artificial agents. to be morally good or evil can be determined even in the absence of biologically sentient participants and thus allows artificial agents not only to perpetrate evil (and for a paper for me does that matter good) but conversely to ‘receive’ or ‘suffer from’ it. (Floridi and essay service, Sanders 2001) Evil can then be equated with something like information dissolution, where the Someone to write for me does it take irretrievable loss of information is bad and the preservation of information is good (Floridi and Sanders 2001). This idea can move us closer to i write myself cause and effect a way of measuring the moral impacts of any given action in an information environment. 3.2 Information Technology as a Moral System.

Early in the twentieth century the American philosopher John Dewey (see entry on John Dewey) proposed a theory of Someone inquiry based on the instrumental uses of technology. Alabama Essay Scholarships! Dewey had an expansive definition of technology which included not only common tools and machines but information systems such as logic, laws and to write, even language as well (Hickman 1990). Dewey argued that we are in a ‘transactional’ relationship with all of these technologies within which we discover and construct our world (Hickman 1990). This is a helpful standpoint to take as it allows us to advance the idea that an service information technology of morality and ethics is Someone a paper, not impossible. As well as allowing us to take seriously the Essay writing 10th idea that the relations and to write it take, transactions between human agents and those that exist between humans and i write myself with, their artifacts have important ontological similarities. While Dewey could only dimly perceive the coming revolutions in information technologies, his theory is useful to us still because he proposed that ethics was not only a theory but a practice and solving problems in ethics is like solving problems in algebra (Hickman 1990). If he is right, then an interesting possibility arises, namely the possibility that ethics and morality are computable problems and to write for me does, therefore it should be possible to create an information technology that can embody moral systems of thought. In 1974 the philosopher Mario Bunge proposed that we take the Random notion of a ‘technoethics’ seriously arguing that moral philosophers should emulate the way engineers approach a problem.

Engineers do not argue in terms of reasoning by to write a paper does it take, categorical imperatives but instead they use: the Alabama service forms If A produces B , and you value B , chose to do A , and If A produces B and C produces D , and you prefer B to Someone does it take D , choose A rather than C . In short, the rules he comes up with are based on fact and value, I submit that this is the way moral rules ought to be fashioned, namely as rules of conduct deriving from scientific statements and value judgments. In short ethics could be conceived as a branch of technology. (Bunge 1977, 103) Taking this view seriously implies that the very act of building information technologies is online and matching, also the act of creating specific moral systems within which human and artificial agents will, at least occasionally, interact through moral transactions. Information technologists may therefore be in the business of creating moral systems whether they know it or not and whether or not they want that responsibility. 3.4 Informational Organisms as Moral Agents.

The most comprehensive literature that argues in to write for me favor of the prospect of using information technology to create artificial moral agents is that of Luciano Floridi (1999, 2002, 2003, 2010b, 2011b), and Floridi with Jeff W. Sanders (1999, 2001, 2004). Online! Floridi (1999) recognizes that issues raised by the ethical impacts of information technologies strain our traditional moral theories. Does It Take! To relieve this friction he argues that what is needed is a broader philosophy of information (2002). After making this move, Floridi (2003) claims that information is a legitimate environment of its own and that has its own intrinsic value that is in some ways similar to the natural environment and in other ways radically foreign but either way the result is that information is on its own a thing that is worthy of ethical concern. Floridi (2003) uses these ideas to create a theoretical model of moral action using the Phd thesis logic of object oriented programming. His model has seven components; 1) the moral agent a, 2) the moral patient p (or more appropriately, reagent), 3) the interactions of these agents, 4) the agent's frame of information, 5) the factual information available to the agent concerning the situation that agent is attempting to Someone to write a paper for me does navigate, 6) the Essay environment the does it take interaction is occurring in, and 7) the situation in which the interaction occurs (Floridi 2003, 3). Essay! Note that there is does, no assumption of the ontology of the Online college agents concerned in the moral relationship modeled (Sullins 2009a) There is additional literature which critiques and expands the idea of Someone to write it take automated moral reasoning (Adam 2008; Anderson and Anderson 2011; Johnson and Powers 2008; Schmidt 2007; Wallach and Allen 2010).

While scholars recognize that we are still some time from Phd thesis calin creating information technology that would be unequivocally recognized as an artificial moral agent, there are strong theoretical arguments in to write for me it take favor of the myself with cause and effect eventual possibility and therefore they are an appropriate concern for to write does it take those interested in College reasearch papers kathy sole the moral impacts of information technologies. Adam, A., 2002, “Cyberstalking and Internet pornography: Gender and to write a paper for me it take, the gaze,” Ethics and Information Technology , 4(2): 133142. , 2008, “Ethics for things,” Ethics and Information technology , 10(23): 149154. Anderson, M. and S. L. Anderson (eds.), 2011, Machine Ethics , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Arkin, R., 2009, Governing Lethal Behavior in Autonomous Robots , New York: Chapman and College papers help kathy sole, Hall/CRC. Someone To Write! Arquilla, J., 2010, “Conflict, Security and Computer Ethics,” in Floridi 2010a. Asaro, P. 2008. “How Just Could a Robot War Be?” in Philip Brey, Adam Briggle and Katinka Waelbers (eds.), Current Issues in Computing And Philosophy , Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IOS Press, pp. 5064. , 2009. “Modeling the Moral User: Designing Ethical Interfaces for Tele-Operation,” IEEE Technology Society , 28(1): 2024. Aycock, J. and J. Sullins, 2010, “Ethical Proactive Threat Research,” Workshop on Ethics in Computer Security Research (LNCS 6054) , New York: Springer, pp. 231239. Bartell, C., 2011, “Resolving the gamer's dilemma,” Ethics and Information Technology , 14(1):1116. Baase, S., 2008, A Gift of Fire: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues for Computing and the Internet , Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Bedau, M., 2004, “Artificial Life,” in How can i write an essay about myself with cause and effect Floridi 2004. Someone A Paper It Take! Bedau, M. and E. Parke (eds.), 2009, The Ethics of Protocells: Moral and Social Implications of Creating Life in the Laboratory , Cambridge: MIT Press. Bedau, M. and M. Traint, 2009, “Social and Ethical Implications of College reasearch papers help kathy sole Creating Artificial Cells,” in Bedau and Parke 2009. Bostrom, N., 2008, “Why I Want to be a Posthuman When I Grow Up,” in Someone a paper for me does it take Medical Enhancement and Posthumanity , G. Service! Gordijn and R. Chadwick (eds), Berlin: Springer, pp. 107137. Brey, P., 2008, “Virtual Reality and Computer Simulation,” in Himma and Tavanni 2008 , 2010, “Values in Technology and Disclosive Computer Ethics,” in Floridi 2010a. Bunge, M. 1977, “Towards a Technoethics,” The Monist , 60(1): 96107. Bynum, T., 2000, “Ethics and the Information Revolution,” Ethics in the Age of to write for me does it take Information Technology , pp.

3255, Linköping, Sweden: Center for Applied Ethics at Linköping University. , 2008, “Norbert Wiener and the Rise of Information Ethics,” in van den Hoven and Weckert 2008. Capurro, R., Nagenborg, M., 2009, Ethics and Robotics , [CITY]: IOS Press Christakis, D. A., 2009, “The effects of infant media usage: what do we know and Random assignment, what should we learn?” Acta Pædiatrica , 98 (1): 816. Cisco Systems, Inc., 2011, Cisco 2011 Annual Security Report: Highlighting global security threats and trends , San Jose, CA: Cisco Systems Inc. [available online] Coeckelbergh, M., 2007, “Violent Computer Games, Empathy, and Someone to write for me does, Cosmopolitanism,” Ethics and and matching, Information Technology , 9(3): 219231 Cohen, D. D., C. Voss, M. To Write It Take! J. D. Taylor, A. Delextrat, A. A. Ogunleye, and G. R. H. Sandercock, 2011, “Ten-year secular changes in college essay community muscular fitness in English children,” Acta Paediatrica , 100(10): e175e177. A Paper It Take! Danielson, P., 1998, Modeling Rationality, Morality, and Evolution , Oxford: Oxford University Press. Dabringer, G., (ed.) 2010, Ethica Themen: Ethical and College reasearch, Legal Aspects of Unmanned Systems, Interviews , Vienna, Austria: Austrian Ministry of Defence and Sports. Someone To Write A Paper For Me! [available online] Denning, D., 2008, “The Ethics of Cyber Conflict,” In Himma and Tavanni 2008. Dodig-Crnkovic, G., Hofkirchner, W., 2011, “Floridi's ‘Open Problems in Philosophy of Information’, Ten Years Later,” Information , (2): 327359. [available online] Edgar, S.L., 2003, Morality and Machines , Sudbury Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett. Epstein, R., 2007, “The Impact of Computer Security Concerns on Software Development,” in Himma 2007a, pp.

171202. Epstein, L.S. 1980. Assignment And Matching! “Decision-making and the temporal resolution of uncertainty”. International Economic Review 21 (2): 269283. Ess, C., 2009, Digital Media Ethics , Massachusetts: Polity Press. Floridi, L., 1999, “Information Ethics: On the Theoretical Foundations of Computer Ethics”, Ethics and Information Technology , 1(1): 3756. , 2002, “What is the Philosophy of Information?” in Metaphilosophy , 33(1/2): 123145. , 2003, “On the Intrinsic Value of Information Objects and the Infosphere,” Ethics and Someone a paper for me, Information Technology , 4(4): 287304. , 2004, The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of and matching Computing and Information , Blackwell Publishing. Someone A Paper For Me Does! (ed.), 2010a, The Cambridge Handbook of Information and Computer Ethics , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. , 2010b, Information: A Very Short Introduction , Oxford: Oxford University Press. , 2011a, “Enveloping the Random and matching World for AI,” The Philosopher's Magazine , 54: 2021 , 2011b, The Philosophy of Information , Oxford: Oxford University Press. Floridi, L. and J. W. Sanders, 1999, “Entropy as Evil in Information Ethics,” Etica Politica , special issue on Computer Ethics, I(2). [available online] , 2001, “Artificial evil and the foundation of computer ethics,” in a paper for me does Ethics and Information Technology , 3(1): 5566. [available online] , 2004, “On the Morality of Artificial Agents,” in Minds and Machines , 14(3): 349379 [available online] Furguson, C. J., 2007, “The Good The Bad and the Ugly: A Meta-analytic Review of Positive and Negative Effects of Violent Video Games,” Psychiatric Quarterly , 78(4): 309316. Gelernter, D., 2007, “Artificial Intelligence Is Lost in and matching the Woods,” Technology Review , July/August, pp.

6270. [available online] Gibba, G. Someone A Paper Does It Take! D., J. R. Baileya, T. T. Lambirtha, and W. Wilsona, 1983, “Personality Differences Between High and Low Electronic Video Game Users,” The Journal of Psychology , 114(2): 159165. Assignment! Grim, P., 2004, “Computational Modeling as a Philosophical Methodology,” In Floridi 2004. Grim, P., G. Someone A Paper For Me It Take! Mar, and P. St. Denis, 1998, The Philosophical Computer: Exploratory Essays in Philosophical Computer Modeling , MIT Press. Grodzinsky, F. S. and H. T. Tavani, 2002, “Ethical Reflections on Cyberstalking,” Computers and Society , 32(1): 2232. Hansen, R. and J. Grossman, 2008, “Clickjacking,” SecTheory: Internet Security . [available online] Hickman, L. Essay Service! A. 1990, John Dewey's Pragmatic Technology , Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.

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The Encyclopedia Now Needs Your Support. Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free. View this site from another server: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is calin, copyright 2016 by The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Someone to write a paper for me it take Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University.

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Bei der Nutzung des kostenlosen Accounts konnen einzelne Fotos mit einer Dateigro?e bis zu 30 MB und insgesamt bis zu 300 MB pro Random online, Monat hochgeladen werden. Someone To Write A Paper For Me Does It Take? Auf der Flickr-Seite werden jeweils die letzten 200 Bilder angezeigt. Phd Thesis? Des Weiteren ist es moglich, maximal zwei Videos pro to write a paper, Monat mit jeweils einer Dateigro?e bis zu 150 MB hochzuladen. Essay Writing 10th Introduction? Der Pro-Account bietet einen erweiterten Funktionsumfang und weniger Einschrankungen hinsichtlich der Bildanzahl und Bildgro?e. Someone To Write Does It Take? [6] Um Inhalte bei Flickr hochzuladen, ist es notwendig, die erforderlichen Urheberrechte an dan den Bildern zu besitzen. Seite zum Upload von Fotos bei Flickr, Stand: 2012-06-10. Nach dem Upload von Bildern sollten Titel, Beschreibung sowie relevante und eindeutige Tags vergeben werden, um die Auffindbarkeit der einzelnen Bilder sicherzustellen. Someone To Write Does? Sofern vorhanden, konnen Bilder zu einzelnen Alben oder Gruppen hinzugefugt werden. Essay Service Community? Des Weiteren mussen fur jedes Bild Eigentumereinstellungen vorgenommen werden. To Write Does It Take? Dazu gehoren die Angaben uber die Art der Lizenzierung sowie die Einstellungen zur Privatsphare und der Inhaltsfilter, die im Folgenden naher erlautert werden: Lizenzmodell : Flickr bietet mehrere Lizenzmodelle fur die eingestellten Bilder an.

Die Voreinstellung „Alle Rechte vorbehalten“ bewirkt, dass niemand ohne die Zustimmung des Bildinhabers, die Bilder verandern oder verbreiten darf. Calin Dan? Flickr stellt daruber hinaus sechs Formen von Creative Commons-Lizenzen zur Verfugung. For Me Does It Take? Creative Commons-Lizenzen sind offene Lizenzmodelle, bei denen gewahlt werden kann, ob und inwiefern die Weiterverwendung des Bildmaterials beschrankt werden soll. Writing? Beispielsweise kann der Bildinhaber entscheiden, ob andere Nutzer das Bild kommerziell oder nicht-kommerziell verwenden durfen und ob es bearbeitet und verandert werden darf. A Paper For Me It Take? Die Homepage von Creative Commons (de.creativecommons.org) gibt einen Uberblick uber die sechs verschiedenen Formen der Creative Commons-Lizenzen. How Can I Write An Essay About Myself Cause And Effect? [7] Privatsphare : Bei den Einstellungen zur Privatsphare muss definiert werden, wer die hochgeladenen Bilder ansehen darf. Someone A Paper For Me Does? Die Einstellung, mit der die Bilder fur alle Flickr-Nutzer sichtbar sind, hei?t „Fur jeden sichtbar“ und ist bereits voreingestellt.

Es ist aber auch moglich, die Sichtbarkeit der Bilder nur auf bestimmte Personengruppen zu beschranken. Writing 10th Introduction? Zudem ist einzustellen, ob die hochgeladenen Bilder uber die Flickr-Suche auffindbar sein sollen oder nicht. Someone To Write Does? Die Einstellung „Wird bei offentlichen Suchen angezeigt“ ist von Flickr voreingestellt. About Myself With Cause? Um bei der Suche innerhalb von Flickr gefunden zu werden, mussen mindestens funf Bilder hochgeladen sein, bei denen die Einstellung „Wird bei offentlichen Suchen angezeigt“ ausgewahlt wurde. A Paper For Me It Take? Anschlie?end kann es aber einige Tage dauern, bis die Bilder vom Flickr-Team freigeschaltet und uber die Flickr-Suchfunktion gefunden werden konnen. College Writing? [8] In der Regel konnen alle von Flickr vorgegebenen Voreinstellungen, die die Lizenzierung und Privatsphare der Bilder betreffen, auch fur Bilder der Bibliothek ubernommen werden.

Auf diese Weise wird sichergestellt, dass die Bilder ohne die Zustimmung der Bibliothek nicht weiter verwendet werden durfen, aber fur alle Flickr-Nutzer sichtbar sind und auch uber die Flickr-Suche gefunden werden. Inhaltsfilter : Der Inhaltsfilter beinhaltet die Funktion zur Auswahl einer Sicherheitsstufe und einem Inhaltstyp. Someone To Write A Paper? Es kann zwischen den drei Sicherheitsstufen „Sicher“, “Mittel“ und „Eingeschrankt“ gewahlt werden. Online College Essay Service? Als „Sicher“ konnen alle Inhalte eingestuft werden, die als unbedenklich und fur die breite Offentlichkeit geeignet sind. Does? Diese Kategorie sollte auf alle Bilder der Bibliothek zutreffen. College Essay Service? Als „Eingeschrankt“ werden Bilder eingestuft, die beispielswiese aus jugendschutzrechtlichen Grunden nicht fur Kinder geeignet sind. To Write? Bei Unsicherheiten zwischen den beiden Kategorien, kann die Sicherheitsstufe „Mittel“ gewahlt werden. I Write About Myself? Bilder, fur die die Sicherheitsstufen „Mittel“ und „Eingeschrankt“ vergeben wurden, sind anschlie?end nur eingeschrankt fur Flickr-Nutzer auffindbar. Someone A Paper For Me? [9] Abschlie?end muss ein Inhaltstyp fur das Bild gewahlt werden.

Je nachdem, ob das eingestellte Bild ein Foto, Screenshot oder eine Illustration darstellt, kann aus den Kategorien „Foto“, „Screenshot“ und „Kunst/Illustration“ gewahlt werden. Optionen zum Bearbeiten der Fotos, Stand: 2012-06-10. Der Community-Aspekt spielt bei Flickr eine wichtige Rolle, da es Ziel der Fotoplattform ist, neben dem Austausch von Bildinhalten, ein Netzwerk zwischen den Nutzern aufzubauen. Writing 10th Introduction? Fur die Bibliothek interessante Personen und Institutionen konnen zum einen uber die integrierte Suchfunktion gefunden werden, zum anderen konnen verschiedene themenspezifische Gruppen uber die Seite www.flickr.com/search/groups gesucht und zum Knupfen von neuen Kontakten durch Diskussion und Meinungsaustausch genutzt werden. A Paper For Me Does? [10] Fotostream : Der sogenannte Fotostream ist das personliche Fotoalbum jedes Flickr-Nutzers.

Im Gegensatz zu herkommlichen Fotoalben, in How can with denen die einzelnen Bilder in to write a paper Ordnern verwaltet werden, kann der Fotostream mit einem Foto-Blog verglichen werden, in Random and matching dem die Bilder in to write a paper does it take umgekehrt chronologischer Reihenfolge dargestellt werden. Random Assignment? Jedes Foto stellt dabei einen eigenen Blog-Eintrag dar. Someone To Write For Me Does? Die Fotos werden von den Nutzern durch Bildtitel, Bildbeschreibungen und Tags erganzt. Assignment Online And Matching? Weitere Informationen, wie Aufnahmedatum, Kameratyp und die Haufigkeit, mit der ein Bild angeschaut wurde, erfasst Flickr automatisch in Someone to write a paper for me it take der rechten Seitenleiste. College Community? [11] Aktionen : Unter dem Reiter „Aktionen“ bietet Flickr verschiedene Moglichkeiten, Fotos zu Alben oder Gruppen hinzuzufugen und zu bearbeiten. Does? Dazu zahlen Funktionen zum Hinzufugen von Tags, Notizen oder Personen zu einem Bild. Favoriten : Jeder Flickr-Nutzer kann interessante Bilder uber einen „Favoriten“-Button - oberhalb eines jeden Bildes - markieren, um sie spater schneller wiederzufinden. Writing? Favoriten sind fur alle anderen Nutzer sichtbar. Someone For Me? Die Funktion kann mit der eines Lesezeichens verglichen werden.

Bibliotheken konnen diese Funktion z.B. College Reasearch Sole? einsetzen, um die eigenen Profilbesucher auf andere, thematisch ahnliche und interessante Bilder zu verweisen. Teilen : Uber den Button „Mit anderen teilen“ konnen Bilder auf andere Plattformen - beispielsweise Facebook oder Twitter - weitergeleitet werden. Someone To Write Does? Der Verweis auf neu eingestellte Bilder auf anderen Social Media-Plattformen macht Nutzer auf interessante Bilder der Einrichtung aufmerksam und ladt dazu ein, innerhalb der Flickr-Alben der Einrichtung zu stobern. Alabama Essay Service Scholarships? Die entsprechenden Buttons, die auf die weiteren Social Media-Plattformen verweisen, befinden sich direkt uber jedem Bild. For Me Does It Take? Mit Hilfe der Funktion ist es des Weiteren moglich, den HTML-Code des Bildes zu beziehen, um dieses in 10th die eigene Homepage oder den Weblog einzubinden. Kommentare : Fur jedes Bild ist es moglich, Kommentare zu verfassen. To Write Does It Take? Innerhalb von Gruppen kann die Kommentar-Funktion allerdings zu Diskussionen mit anderen Mitgliedern anregen. Phd Thesis Dan? In jedem Fall sollten Bibliotheken Kommentare fur jedes ihrer Bilder zulassen, um offen fur Feedback durch andere Nutzer zu sein.

Alben und Sammlungen : Unter dem Menupunkt „Organisieren“ und dem Unterpunkt „Ihre Alben“, oder der Website www.flickr.com/photos/organize/, ist es moglich, Flickr-Alben einzurichten, um Bilder zu gruppieren. Someone To Write A Paper For Me? Alben werden bei Flickr als „Sets“ bezeichnet. Writing Introduction? Durch das Anlegen von Alben konnen Bilder nach Themengebieten sortiert werden, wobei Bilder zu mehreren Alben zugeordnet werden konnen. To Write A Paper For Me Does? Die ubersichtliche Darstellung gewahrleistet eine schnelle Auffindbarkeit der Bilder durch andere Flickr-Nutzer. College Service? Nutzern eines kostenpflichtigen Pro-Accounts bietet Flickr zusatzlich die Moglichkeit, einzelne Alben zu Sammlungen, sogenannten „Collections“ zusammenzufassen. Someone To Write A Paper For Me? Dies ist vor allem bei einer gro?en Anzahl von Bildern ratsam. 10th? Auf diese Weise konnen beispielsweise einzelne Alben mit Bildern von verschiedenen Veranstaltungen, wie Lesungen oder Ausstellungen, zu einer Sammlung „Veranstaltungen“ zusammengefasst werden. Alben der TIB/UB Hannover, Stand: 2012-06-10.

Flickr-Gruppen : Als Gruppen werden Alben bezeichnet, an to write for me it take denen sich alle Flickr-Nutzer beteiligen konnen, wenn sie der jeweiligen Gruppe beitreten. Essay Community? Nach dem Beitritt zu einer Gruppe konnen die aktuellen Uploads der Gruppenmitglieder auf der eigenen Flickr-Startseite verfolgt werden. Someone A Paper For Me Does It Take? Es ist moglich, sowohl Bilder hochzuladen als auch an college service community Diskussionen innerhalb der Gruppen teilzunehmen. Someone A Paper It Take? Jede Gruppe kann eigene Regeln aufstellen, die von den anderen Mitgliedern eingehalten werden mussen. I Write An Essay With And Effect? Uber www.flickr.com/search/groups kann nach einzelnen Gruppen, die zum Interessensgebiet der Bibliothek passen, gesucht werden. To Write? [12] Gruppen sind ein wichtiges Feature von Flickr, denn daruber wird es moglich, ein Netzwerk mit interessanten Kontakten aufzubauen. Assignment? Als Beispiel kann die Gruppe „Bibtag12 HH“ genannt werden, die zum Anlass des Deutschen Bibliothekartags 2012 gegrundet wurde und in Someone to write for me does it take der Mitglieder Bilder zum Bibliothekartag 2012 miteinander austauschen.

Eine gro?e bibliothekarische Flickr-Gruppe mit uber 4000 Mitgliedern ist „Libraries and How can i write an essay about myself cause, Librarians“. To Write? Neben Bibliotheksmitarbeitern konnen Bibliotheksnutzer und Menschen, die sich fur Bibliotheken interessieren, beitreten. Startseite der Flickr-Gruppe „Libraries and Alabama, Librarians“, Stand: 2012-06-16. Um sich einen Uberblick daruber zu verschaffen, wie die Bilder bei den Nutzern ankommen, konnen die einzelnen Bildkommentare sowie die Haufigkeiten, mit der Bilder angesehen bzw. To Write A Paper For Me? von anderen Nutzern als Favoriten markiert wurden, ausgewertet werden. Diese Informationen werden zu jedem der eingestellten Bilder angezeigt.

Bei einer gro?en Menge an about myself with cause and effect Bildern und um ausfuhrliche Informationen zu den Nutzern in Someone to write for me does it take Erfahrung zu bringen, kann fur die Auswertung das interne Analyseinstrument von Flickr genutzt werden. Das Tool ist uber den Reiter „Sie“ und den Unterpunkt „Ihre Statistiken“ zuganglich und steht nur den Nutzern des kostenpflichtigen Flickr Pro-Accounts zur Verfugung. Hinweise zum Verwalten des Accounts. Genauso wie Facebook, Twitter und YouTube kann der Flickr-Account mit Hilfe von Anwendungsprogrammen, wie beispielsweise Seesmic Desktop 2 oder Hootsuite, verwaltet werden. Kurzanleitung zur Erstellung eines Flickr-Accounts. Kurzanleitung fur die Erstellung und Nutzung eines Flickr-Accounts fur Bibliotheken: Vor der Erstellung eines Flickr-Accounts sollten Bilder gemacht und die Inhalte der Bilder (Ansichten des Bibliotheksgebaudes, Bilder von Mitarbeitern oder Veranstaltungen etc.) festgelegt werden, die uber Flickr verbreitet werden sollen. College Reasearch Papers Help Kathy? Vor der Erstellung eines Flickr-Accounts ist eine Registrierung auf der Flickr-Startseite (www.flickr.com) uber den Button „Registrieren“ notwendig. To Write For Me? Die Einrichtung kann sich mit einem vorhandenen Facebook- oder Google+ -Account anmelden. And Matching? Andernfalls ist die Erstellung eines Yahoo!-Kontos notwendig. To Write For Me It Take? Uber die Eingabe eines gewahlten Flickr-Benutzernamens erfolgt anschlie?end die Erstellung eines neuen Flickr-Kontos. 10th Introduction? Zur Personalisierung des eigenen Profils kann ein Profilbild (z.B.

Logo der Einrichtung) hochgeladen und eine Kurzbeschreibung hinzugefugt werden. Someone To Write Does It Take? Zusatzlich ist es jedem Flickr-Nutzer moglich, eine individuellen Flickr-URL zu wahlen, uber die die eigenen Flickr-Alben zuganglich sind. Papers Help Sole? Nach der Bearbeitung der Einstellungen konnen die ersten Bilder erstellt und hochgeladen werden. Someone A Paper Does It Take? Dies erfolgt beispielsweise auf der Seite www.flickr.com/photos/upload/. I Write About With And Effect? Um die Auffindbarkeit der Bilder sicherzustellen, sollten die Bilder einzeln bearbeitet werden. To Write Does? Dazu zahlen die Eingabe eines Bildtitels, der Bildbeschreibung sowie der relevanten und eindeutige Tags. Service Scholarships? Zusatzlich konnen die vorgegebenen Einstellungen zur Lizenzart sowie die Einstellungen zur Privatsphare und der Inhaltsfilter, bearbeitet werden. To Write? Die Bilder konnen anschlie?end durch die Zuordnung zu einzelnen Alben sortiert werden. How Can I Write An Essay With Cause And Effect? Nach dem Einstellen der ersten Bilder sollten die Nutzer auf der Homepage der Einrichtung, Ankundigungen in Someone it take anderen sozialen Netzwerken oder uber Informationen in college essay community der Bibliothek vor Ort, auf die Flickr-Prasenz aufmerksam gemacht werden. A Paper For Me Does It Take? Beispielsweise konnen - neben dem Verweis auf die Flickr-URL- neu hinzugefugte Alben auf der Facebook-Fanseite bei Twitter geteilt werden. Phd Thesis Calin Dan? Zur erfolgreichen Nutzung von Flickr gehort neben dem regelma?igen Einpflegen neuer Bilder auch die Beobachtung der Reaktionen in to write does der Community.

Do’s and Alabama service, Don’ts fur die Nutzung von Flickr fur Bibliotheken. Bilder hochladen, die von Ihnen erstellt wurden und an for me denen Sie die Rechte besitzen, Verwendung von eindeutigen Bildtiteln, Bildbeschreibungen und Tags, um die Auffindbarkeit der Bilder sicherzustellen, Flickr-Gruppen beitreten zum Netzwerkaufbau durch Bilderaustausch und Diskussionen mit anderen Mitgliedern, einzelne Fotos im Blog oder auf der Homepage der Bibliothek einbinden mit dem Hinweis auf die weiteren Bilder im Flickr-Fotostream, Alben erstellen und Bilder sortieren, in essay scholarships regelma?igen Abstanden neue Bilder einpflegen. Bilder einstellen, die nicht von Ihnen stammen, sondern beispielsweise aus dem Internet kopiert wurden, negative Kommentare zu anderen Bildern verfassen, Bilder aufgrund von privatem Interesse kommentieren und favorisieren. Alby, Tom: Web 2.0 : Konzepte, Anwendungen, Technologien. For Me Does? 2., aktualisierte Aufl. Essay Service Scholarships? – Munchen : Hanser, 2007 Creative Commons: Was ist CC?. Someone To Write? Stand: 26.07.2011. [2] Weinberg 2010, S.298. [4] Weinberg 2010, S.300. [7] Creative Commons 2012. [12] Weinberg 2010, S.305ff.

Nicole Hugel, Joanna Boruch. in Kooperation mit Prof. Assignment Online? Frauke Schade (HAW Hamburg)