How to write a 5 paragraph essay in 30 minutes

Brief Essay on Mutual Funds (1944 Words) Here is How to a 5 paragraph brief essay on mutual funds! Mutual fund schemes are repositories of trust and of investors#8217; hard earned money. Term Paper Reviews! The task of providing protection to them is a difficult one. Mutual funds are unique in a way as they are organized and operated by people whose primary loyalty and pecuniary interest lies outside the enterprise. Consequently the very structure of How to write a 5 paragraph in 30 mutual funds has inherent conflicts of interest, creating great potential for abuse. Image Courtesy : cdn.ownthedollar.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/mutual-fund-money.jpg. The existing SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations have tried to address the issue, through separation of vari­ous entities which constitute a mutual fund sponsor, trustees, asset management companies and custodian, and also requiring that 2/3rd of the trustees and half of the board of with homework japanese directors of AMC must be independent of paragraph sponsor or its affiliates. The beneficial owners of the trust, i.e. the unit holders have also been given a role, as their approval is required by the fund/AMC to enable it to bring about certain changes in with the fund or to wind up a scheme.

The SEBI regulations have made it mandatory that the trustees shall obtain the consent of the unit holders in important matters. The trustees shall ensure that no change in the fundamental attributes of any scheme or the trust or fees and expenses payable or any other change which would modify the scheme and How to a 5 paragraph essay affects the interest of unit holders, shall be carried out unless it is made known to the unit holders and the unit holders are given an option to exit at boise school district, the prevailing Net Asset Value without any exit load. The unit holders have a right to terminate the How to write a 5, asset management company. The ap­pointment of an asset management company can be terminated by majority of the trustees or by Help with your seventy five per cent of the unit holders of the write essay in 30, scheme. Technology Case Design! Any change in the appointment of the How to write a 5 paragraph essay minutes, asset management company shall be subject to prior approval of SEBI and the unit holders. Apa Essays! Operations of mutual funds: In this section we will discuss the regulatory provisions pertaining to the operations of the mutual fund and their implications on unit holder’s protection. Chinese wall between Various Activities : Business of the Asset Management Company: Regulation 23 of the paragraph in 30 minutes, SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations provides that AMC shall not undertake any business activity other than the management of the mutual funds and such other activities as financial services consultancy, exchange of research and analysis on with your homework japanese commercial basis as long as these are not in conflict with the fund management activity itself, without prior approval of the trustees and How to a 5 in 30 minutes SEBI. Mutual funds are required to make regular, comprehensive disclosures of their operations to SEBI.

In addition, each fund must provide unit holders with annual report along with a statement on portfolio holdings, and it must furnish unit holders and prospective investors with an up-to-date prospec­tus. The prospectus contains full disclosures on the fund#8217;s management, investment objectives, purchase redemption procedures and other business practices, including load charges, if any. Custom My Paper! It is often criticized that big investors trade to the disadvantage of small investors. Write Minutes! Mutual funds shall disclose large unit holdings in the scheme, which are over 25% of the NAV. The scheme information document discloses, the constitution of the mutual fund including the details regarding the sponsor, the trustees, the AMC, the custodian and the responsibilities and functions of each constituent of the mutual fund; the detailed investment objective of the scheme and the investment pattern likely to Law school essay be followed by a 5 paragraph essay in 30 minutes the AMC, the risk proofed of the investments; and risk factors. The offer document also contains other information pertaining to the redemption of with your homework japanese units, the tax benefits available to unit holders, the principles of valuation of investments, the method of calculation of NAV, the frequency and mode of distribution of income, the paragraph, duration of the school, scheme, the detailed breakup of the expenses that will be incurred for the management of the scheme and the extent to which expenses are loaded on a 5 paragraph essay minutes the scheme, the rights of the unit holders and all such information that is necessary to enable the prospective investor to take an informed decision to invest in the scheme. Mutual funds are required to Technology case design disclose full portfolio of their schemes every half year, either by sending a complete statement of scheme portfolio or by publishing it by way of an advertisement in one English daily circulating in the whole of India and in a newspaper published in the language of the region where the head office of the mutual fund is situated. Mutual funds must adhere to specific rules regarding the sale, distribution and write a 5 essay in 30 minutes advertising of mutual funds.

Advertisements or sales literature must be carefully worded and Apa essays explained. The advertisement for each scheme shall disclose investment objective for How to a 5 paragraph essay minutes each scheme. The scheme information document and advertisement materials shall not be misleading or contain any statement or opinion, which is incorrect or false. These steps ensure that potential investors are aware of the benefits as well as the potential risks involved in mutual fund investing. With a view to ensure that an asset management company may not in promoting its schemes use untrue and misleading information or withhold important facts from investors SEBI has prescribed an advertisement code.

Advertisements in respect of writing every scheme shall be in conformity with the Advertisement Code. Only AMFI Certified Agents Can Sell Mutual Fund Units: Mutual funds are advised to ensure that their agents/distributors do not indulge in any kind of malpractice or unethical practice while selling/marketing mutual fund units. SEBI has prescribed a detailed code of a 5 essay minutes conduct for the mutual fund intermediaries i.e. agent and distributors. With a view to implement this code of conduct effectively the AMFI certification examination was made mandatory for all distributors and agents of mutual funds. All promotional material must contain an express warning note to the fact that risk is connected with the investment and returns to date are not a guarantee of future return. An illustration is given in the box below: BIRLA MNC FUND Risk factors: Mutual funds and sociology securities investments are subject to usual risks associated with capital and money market instruments.

There can be no assurance that the fund#8217;s objectives will be achieved. As with any investment in securities, the NAV of the units issued under the a 5 paragraph essay minutes, schemes can go up or down depending on the factors and forces affecting the securities markets. Past performance of BMF does not guarantee the future performance of the schemes of Apa essays BMF and does not form a basis of How to a 5 essay in 30 minutes com­parison with other investments. The name of the scheme does not in any manner indicate either the quality of the scheme, its future prospects or returns. For details and risk factors read offer documents and refer to your tax adviser before investing. Mutual funds cannot provide guaranteed return, unless such returns are fully guaran­teed by the sponsor or the asset management company. When guaranteed by the sponsor or the AMC a statement indicating the name of the person who will guarantee the return, is made in the scheme information document; or the manner in which the Custom write, guarantee to be met has been stated in the scheme information document.

Investments by mutual funds are subject to investment restrictions.These restrictions are essentially prudential invest­ment norms, most of which are universally followed by mutual funds to ensure port­folio risk diversification. For example, investment in equity shares or equity related instruments of a single company are restricted to 10% of the NAV of write a 5 paragraph in 30 a scheme. In open-ended schemes unit holders are always free to #8220;vote with their rupees#8221; by not buying a product if the fees are too high or #8220;vote with their feet#8221; by redeeming the paper reviews an introduction, units if they are unhappy over write a 5 paragraph essay minutes, the performance of schemes. Mutual funds are required to update the NAV of the scheme and the sale/repurchase prices of their schemes on the AMFI website on a daily basis in case of open-ended schemes Price determination of units is not an arbitrary process. SEBI has prescribed the accounting and valuation norms. While determining the prices of the units, the mutual fund shall ensure that the repurchase price is not lower than 93% of the Net Asset Value and paper an introduction the sale price is not higher than 107% of the Net Asset Value. Provided that the difference between the write paragraph in 30, repurchase price and the sale price of the unit shall not exceed 7% calculated on the sale price. Mutual Funds Cannot Borrow Except as a Measure of Last Resort: Borrowings by Mutual Funds: Since leveraging has risks attached to it, mutual funds can borrow only to meet the temporary liquidity needs for the purpose of repurchase, redemption of units or payment of study interest or dividend to write essay minutes the unit holders. Provided that the mutual fund shall not borrow more than 20% of the net asset of the Law school, scheme and the duration of write a 5 paragraph in 30 minutes such a borrowing shall not exceed a period of six months.

The trustees are required to Essay editing boise school district ensure that borrowing is used as a measure of last resort and determine whether the mutual fund could borrow should be disclosed in the schemes information document. Every mutual fund has to appoint compliance officer. The compliance officer ensures the compliance of the mutual fund schemes with SEBI regulations. It receives circulars notifications from SEBI and puts the same to the respective department for necessary action. The officer receives relevant informa­tion from various departments/officers of the trust, compiles the How to write a 5 essay minutes, same into standard formats and submits to SEBI/AMFI etc. He vets the admissions, offer document to ensure the offer document discloses all the information as required by SEBI. Write A 5 Paragraph In 30! This helps SEBI to do continuous offsite inspection. Risk Management System in Mutual Funds: Recognizing the need to establish a minimum level of risk management system conforming to international standards, AMFI formed a committee for your japanese studying the present system of risk manage­ment and How to paragraph essay minutes proposing ways and means of essay strengthening the same. They have made certain recommendations to ensure a minimum standard of due diligence or risk management system for all the mutual funds in various areas of write paragraph essay in 30 minutes their operations like fund management, operations, customer service, marketing and distribution, disaster recovery and business contingency, etc. Custom My Paper! The report has been submitted to SEBI and has been adopted as the regulatory framework for risk management in the Indian mutual fund industry.

Mutual funds need to specify in the scheme information document the name of How to essay in 30 contact person whom unit holders may approach in case of editing any query, complaints or grievances. The names of the directors of asset Management Company and trustees are also given in the offer documents; and write a 5 they can also be approached. Historical information about the investors#8217; complaints and redressal form a part of the Apa essays, offer document. Investors can also approach SEBI for How to paragraph in 30 minutes redressal of their complaints. On receipt of com­plaints, SEBI takes up the Apa essays, matter with the concerned mutual fund and How to write paragraph in 30 minutes follows up with them till the matter is resolved. AMFI, the apex body of all the registered asset management companies was incorpo­rated on August 22, 1995 as a non-profit organization.

All the asset management companies that have launched mutual fund schemes are its members. One of the Apa essays, objectives of AMFI is to promote investors#8217; interest by defining and maintaining high ethical and write a 5 in 30 minutes professional standards in the mutual fund industry. The AMFI code of ethics sets out the standards of good practices to be followed by the asset management companies in their operations and in their dealings with investors, intermediaries and public. AMFI code has been drawn up to encourage adherence to standards higher than those prescribed by the regulations for the benefits of investors in the mutual fund industry. Leave a Reply Click here to cancel reply.

You must be logged in to post a comment. Before publishing your articles on Custom write sociology this site, please read the following pages:

Regulations relating to mycotoxins in food. Regulations relating to How to write a 5 paragraph essay mycotoxins have been established in many countries to protect the consumer from the harmful effects of these compounds. Different factors play a role in the decision-making process of setting limits for Law school admissions, mycotoxins. These include scientific factors, for example the availability of toxicological data and occurrence data, detailed knowledge about possibilities for sampling and analysis, and socio-economic issues. By the How to write essay in 30, end of 2003, approximately 100 countries (covering approximately 85% of the boise school, world’s inhabitants) had specific regulations or detailed guidelines for mycotoxins in food. The regulations were related to aflatoxins (B 1 , B 2 , G 1 and G 2 ), aflatoxin M 1 , trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin), fumonisins (B 1 , B 2 , and B 3 ), agaric acid, ergot alkaloids, ochratoxin A, patulin, phomopsins, sterigmatocystin, and zearalenone. In Europe, and in a 5 in 30, particular in the EU, regulatory and scientific interest in mycotoxins has undergone a development in the last decade from autonomous national activity towards more EU-driven activity with a structural and network character. Harmonized EU limits now exist for 40 mycotoxin–food combinations. It is expected this number will grow in 2007 to approximately 50. The direct or indirect influence of European organizations and programs on Essay editing symbols school district the EU mycotoxin regulatory developments is significant.

They include the European Food Safety Authority, the Scientific Cooperation on Questions relating to Food, the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed, the creation of an EU Community Reference Laboratory for Mycotoxins and a mandate of the EC to How to write a 5 essay in 30 minutes the European Standardization Committee in write sociology, methods for analysis for mycotoxins in food. Large pan-European research and networking projects as “BioCop” and “MoniQA” are also important. Mycotoxins are metabolites of fungi capable of having acute toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, immunotoxic, and oestrogenic effects in man and animals. Toxicity syndromes resulting from write in 30 minutes intake of mycotoxins by man and Essay animals are known to as “mycotoxicoses”. Mycotoxicoses have been known for a long time, but until the early 1960s they remained the “neglected diseases” [ 1 ]. Since the discovery of the aflatoxins in How to write in 30, 1960 and subsequent recognition that mycotoxins are of significant health concern to both humans and animals, regulations gradually developed for mycotoxins in food and admissions essay feed. In the early days of mycotoxin regulations these measures focused mainly on the aflatoxins. They were established by industrialized countries, and a 5 paragraph minutes limits often had an Apa essays, advisory or guideline character. Over the years, the number of countries with known specific mycotoxin regulations has increased from 33 in 1981 [ 2 ] to 56 in 1987 [ 3 ], 77 in 1995 [ 4 ], and How to write a 5 paragraph 100 in 2003 [ 5 ]. Law School! Current regulations encompass 13 different mycotoxins or groups of mycotoxins, and specific limits have been established for many food and write a 5 essay minutes feed commodities and your products.

Until the write essay in 30, late 1990s setting of mycotoxin regulations was mostly a national affair. Gradually, several economic communities (e.g. EU (European Union), MERCOSUR (Mercado Comun del Sur), Australia and New Zealand) harmonized their mycotoxin regulations, thereby overruling existing national regulations. Current regulations are increasingly based on scientific opinions of authoritative bodies, for example the FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives of the United Nations (JECFA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). At the same time, requirements for adequate sampling and your japanese analytical methods put high demands on other professional organizations, for example AOAC International and How to paragraph essay the European Standardization Committee (CEN). In this article the paper reviews an introduction, factors affecting the constitution of mycotoxin regulations, and the role of different international organizations in the process of establishing and enforcing regulations, will be discussed. Some general observations are presented about the current situation on worldwide regulations for mycotoxins in food. The focus will then be directed on the European Union and in 30 minutes the many European activities related to Help with homework japanese these regulatory developments. Factors affecting the promulgation of mycotoxin regulations. the availability of toxicological data of mycotoxins.

the availability of exposure data of mycotoxins. knowledge of the How to write paragraph essay in 30 minutes, distribution of mycotoxins concentrations within commodity or product lots. the availability of analytical methods. legislation in other countries with which trade contacts exist. the need for sufficient food supply. The first two factors provide the information necessary for hazard assessment and exposure assessment, respectively, the main bases of Technology case design risk assessment. Risk assessment is the scientific evaluation of the How to write paragraph, probability of occurrence of known or potential adverse health effects resulting from human exposure to food-borne hazards. It is the primary scientific basis for promulgation of regulations.

The third and Help japanese fourth factors are important factors enabling practical enforcement of How to write a 5 paragraph in 30 minutes mycotoxin regulations, through adequate sampling and analysis procedures. The last two factors are merely socio-economic in nature but are equally important in the decision-making process to establish meaningful regulations and limits for mycotoxins in food and feed. Regulations are primarily based on known toxic effects. For the mycotoxins currently considered most significant (aflatoxins B 1 , B 2 , G 1 and G 2 ; aflatoxin M 1 ; ochratoxin A; patulin; fumonisins B 1 , B 2 and B 3 ; zearalenone; T-2 and HT-2 toxins; and deoxynivalenol) the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA—a scientific advisory body of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)) has evaluated their hazard in several sessions [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. In February 2001 a special JECFA session was completely devoted to mycotoxins. Two reports have appeared about this session, a shorter version [ 12 ] and a longer version [ 13 ]. These reports provide good and detailed insight into the process of risk assessment of mycotoxins. The reports addressed several concerns about the mycotoxins considered—their properties and metabolism, toxicological studies, and final risk evaluation.

With the mycotoxin evaluations the Committee discussed general considerations on sampling, analytical methods, associated intake issues, and control. Risks associated with mycotoxins depend on both hazard and exposure. The hazard of mycotoxins to individuals is probably more or less the same all over the world (although other factors are, sometimes, also important, e.g. hepatitis B virus infection in relation to the hazard of aflatoxins). Exposure is not the same, because of different levels of Apa essays contamination and dietary habits in the various parts of the world. Shephard [ 14 ] exemplified the significance of different exposure with some calculations for fumonisins, based on data from JECFA.

JECFA established a group provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) for fumonisins B 1 , B 2 , and B 3 together of 2 ?g kg ?1 body weight per day [ 12 ]. This PMTDI is easily exceeded by individuals on a maize-based diet, when maize consumption is approximately 400 g per person per day, a situation found in some parts of a 5 essay minutes Southern Africa. Technology Study! Shephard calculated that at a contamination level for fumonisins in How to write a 5 paragraph essay, maize of Help 2000 ?g kg ?1 (a level within the range of How to write a 5 essay in 30 minutes common regulatory limits) dietary exposure for a 60-kg adult would be 13 ?g kg ?1 body weight per day, or 650% of the PMTDI. In the developed world maize intake is usually less than 10 g per person per day [ 15 ] and food contaminated at levels as high as 12 mg kg ?1 can be consumed before dietary exposure exceeds the PMTDI set by JECFA. Effect of different daily maize consumption by populations worldwide on the setting of limits for fumonisins. Exposure assessment is an important aspect of risk assessment, and reliable data on the occurrence of mycotoxins in Essay editing symbols, different commodities and data on food intake are needed. Quantitative evaluation of intake of mycotoxins is How to a 5 paragraph quite difficult. During its 56th meeting JECFA stressed the importance of using validated analytical methods and application of analytical quality assurance (see also the section on analysis ) to ensure that the results of surveys provide a reliable assessment of intake [ 12 ]. In most of the JECFA reviews of mycotoxins analytical data on levels of contamination were often inadequate for developed countries and non-existent for developing countries. Because most mycotoxin contamination is heterogeneously distributed, adequate sampling is another important consideration for obtaining information on levels of contamination (see also the section on sampling ). In many countries activities take place that contribute to the risk-assessment process for mycotoxins. In the Custom my paper, EU, for example, an important role is played by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

EFSA makes use, where possible, of exposure and consumption data, generated by the European SCOOP activities (see the write a 5 paragraph in 30, section “ The European dimension ” for more details about EFSA and SCOOP). The distribution of the concentration of mycotoxins in products is an admissions, important factor to be considered when establishing regulatory sampling criteria. The distribution can be very heterogeneous, as it is for aflatoxins in peanuts and figs. The number of contaminated peanut kernels in a lot is usually very low but the level of contamination within a kernel can be very high. If insufficient care is taken for representative sampling, the mycotoxin concentration in an inspected lot may therefore be estimated incorrectly. Similar situations could occur with many other mycotoxin/commodity combinations.

Adequate sampling is necessary to make justified management decisions about what to How to a 5 paragraph in 30 do with lots that may be contaminated with mycotoxins. Because of variability among sample test results, mycotoxin concentrations in lots cannot be determined with 100% certainty by taking samples from the admissions, lot. Sampling plans for mycotoxins in different commodities, as developed by a 5 paragraph essay in 30 minutes Whitaker [ 17 ] Several countries have gradually established detailed science-based sampling plans, which take into account the heterogeneous distribution of mycotoxins in agricultural commodities. Examples of official sampling plans for mycotoxins are those applied by the USA for aflatoxins in peanuts [ 18 ] and by the EU for Custom write my paper sociology, several mycotoxins [ 19 ]. Spanjer [ 20 ] summarized some of the paragraph essay minutes, difficulties encountered when these EU sampling plans are followed in practice. This was illustrated by considering an EU sampling directive for import control on nuts packed in sacks—two food inspectors would need half a working day to sample only one container on just one ship. Spanjer indicated that in many other circumstances the situation is even more unmanageable—because the commodity is loaded in bulk or, just the Technology case study design, opposite, when it consists of consumer or vacuum packages.

The EU sampling directive seems to offer the possibility of How to write paragraph alternatives as it states: “If it is not possible to carry out the method of sampling described above because of the unacceptable commercial consequences resulting from damage to the lot (because of packaging forms, means of an introduction transport, etc) an alternative method of sampling may be applied provided that it is How to write a 5 paragraph essay in 30 as representative as possible and is fully described and documented”. But the directive lacks guidance, about what is Apa essays considered “as representative as possible”. Spanjer recommended simplified sampling procedures, e.g. checking at How to paragraph in 30, import control only, to Essay editing symbols school overcome some of the How to a 5 in 30, problems. Legislation calls for monitoring methods. Reliable analytical methods must be available to enable enforcement of the Term paper writing, regulations in daily practice.

In addition to reliability, simplicity is desired, as it will affect the amount of data generated and the practicality of the ultimate measures taken. The reliability of mycotoxin analysis data can be improved by use of interlaboratory-validated methods of analysis (e.g. the methods of AOAC International and methods standardized by How to write minutes CEN). These methods have been largely developed in your homework japanese, response to planned regulations for mycotoxins or regulations that came into a 5 essay in 30 force. The requirements for these methods were dictated by the needs, i.e. Symbols Boise School District! they had to be suitable for the (planned) regulated mycotoxin–matrix combination(s). The limits of determination of the a 5, methods had to be demonstrated to be low enough for precise and accurate determination of the mycotoxins of interest at Technology case, regulatory levels. Methods were also developed and validated for toxin–matrix combinations for which there were no regulations (yet), but for which the scientific community saw a need, e.g. for surveillance purposes. These developments eased the establishment of specific mycotoxin regulations. Analytical techniques used for mycotoxin regulatory analysis.

The size of the ball is proportional with the frequency of use of the technique (in 2004) [ 5 ] BCR and IRMM (certified) reference materials developed for mycotoxins (February 2007) [ 22 ] Certified reference material. Aflatoxin M 1 in milk powder. Aflatoxin M 1 calibrant. Aflatoxins in How to write paragraph, peanut butter. Aflatoxin B 1 in peanut meal. Aflatoxin B 1 in feedstuff. Ochratoxin A in wheat. Ochratoxin A calibrant. DON in Apa essays, maize and wheat.

T-2 and HT-2 calibrants. Zearalenone in a 5 in 30 minutes, maize. Regulations should, preferably, be brought into harmony with those in force in other countries with which trade contacts exist. In fact, this approach has been followed in the regions of the EU, MERCOSUR, and Technology case study Australia and New Zealand, where harmonized regulations now exist for some mycotoxins. Strict regulatory actions may lead countries to ban or limit the import of commodities; this can make it difficult for exporting countries to find or maintain markets for their products. Distortion of the market because of mycotoxin regulations in importing countries could lead to export of the less contaminated food and feed, leaving inferior food and feed for the local market. How To A 5 Paragraph Essay In 30 Minutes! In a World Bank report [ 24 ] estimates were made on the relationship between aflatoxin B 1 regulatory standards and trade flow. Term Paper! Studies for cereals and nuts predict significant losses for How to a 5 minutes, exporting countries (Africa) if stringent standards, such as those in force in the EU, were be adopted.

A more recent report [ 25 ], however, showed that border rejection did not necessarily affect the economic return for developing countries, e.g. the African share of the admissions essay, EU market for dried fruit increased. Although border rejections were irritating to How to paragraph essay in 30 exporters, some producing countries increased their EU market share. The economic effect of strict mycotoxin regulations is not easy to predict. Wu [ 26 ] investigated the effect of stringent EU aflatoxin limits on the pistachio and Apa essays almond industries. For the pistachio industry the strict EU limits benefit exporters who have consistently high-quality products, because they can sell their products at a higher price.

Even exporters with low-quality products can benefit from the a 5 essay minutes, strict limits, because of the phenomenon called “technology forcing”. They adopt technologies enabling better control of aflatoxins. This happened with the write my paper, Iranian pistachio industry. How To Write A 5 Essay! The almond industry, in contrast has mainly losers. The US almond industry has suffered from the strict EU regulations, despite having a high-quality product. EU food industries also are suffering from the strict limits. The limits reduce supply. This causes prices to Technology case study rise, only write paragraph essay some of which can be passed on to the admissions essay, consumer.

Wu recommended that EU policy makers should consider the economic impact of strict mycotoxin limits on their own food industries and citizens. Interestingly, this is already one of the objectives of the new EU project MoniQA (see also the section “ The European dimension ”). Last, but not least important, is that the regulatory philosophy should not jeopardize the availability of some basic commodities at reasonable prices. In developing countries, especially, where food supplies are already limited, drastic legal measures may lead to lack of food and to excessive prices. For example, the dramatic food-security situation in parts of Africa has led to measures that prioritise food sufficiency above food safety. Mycotoxins are an important problem, as is apparent from occasional outbreaks of human mycotoxicoses, for example acute aflatoxicosis in Kenya in 2004 and 2005 [ 27 ], the role of aflatoxins in liver cancer, the stunted growth in children in western Africa [ 28 ], and fumonisins in oesophageal cancer in write a 5 minutes, South Africa [ 14 ]. In the western world, where sufficiency of food is not an issue, (low) mycotoxin limits in food are enforceable without too many difficulties. Weighing the Apa essays, various factors at the interface of science, food security, and regulations is not a trivial activity and common sense is a major factor in reaching a decision.

Public health officials are confronted with a complex problem—mycotoxins, particularly the carcinogenic mycotoxins, should be excluded from food as much as possible. How To Write In 30! Because the substances are present in foods as natural contaminants, however, human exposure cannot be completely prevented, and exposure of the population to some level of the mycotoxins has to be tolerated. At the same time analytical methodology must be capable of Essay editing symbols school district reliable and practical determination of these toxins at the tolerance levels. Despite the dilemmas, in recent decades mycotoxin regulations have been established in many countries and newer regulations are still being drafted. In the How to paragraph essay, European Union, in particular, many developments are occurring in mycotoxin regulation which are scientifically underpinned and supported by a variety of Technology case study design European organisations and activities. The international mycotoxin regulatory situation. Several times in recent decades (1981, 1987, 1995, 2003) international inquiries were held and write a 5 in 30 published about regulations for Term reviews an introduction, mycotoxins in food and feed [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. How To A 5 Paragraph In 30! The most recent enquiry in 2003 was conducted by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, under contract to the FAO, among the Agricultural Services of Dutch Embassies around the world, with the request to gather up-to-date information from local authorities on the situation regarding mycotoxin regulations in as many countries of the world as possible. Where this procedure did not lead to the desired information, personal contacts were used.

By the end of 2003 data had been received from 89 countries. Together with information gathered in previous enquiries, detailed information became available about the existence or absence of specific mycotoxin limits and regulations in food and feed in 119 countries. All the Term, data received were sorted by country and by economic community (ASEAN, Australia and New Zealand, EU, MERCOSUR). Information was also included about standards set by the Codex Alimentarius. For each separate entry the available data were classified into the categories food, dairy, and feed and then tabulated in alphabetic order of country. How To In 30! The results of the enquiry were published in detail by the FAO in Food and Nutrition Paper in English, French, Spanish, and Chinese [ 5 ]. Ranges ( bars ) and major limits ( triangles ) for total aflatoxins in food [ 5 ] In Europe, and in particular in the EU, regulatory and Technology study scientific interest in mycotoxins has undergone a development in write a 5 essay in 30 minutes, the last decade from national activities and approaches towards more EU-driven activities with a structural and network character.

This can be seen not only in the harmonization of Apa essays (stringent) legal limits for mycotoxins, but also in the increased significance that European programs and organizations play, in How to a 5 paragraph minutes, direct or indirect support of these regulatory developments in the Community. Whereas regulations for Custom write my paper sociology, aflatoxin B 1 in animal feed have existed since 1976, the first EU-harmonized regulations for mycotoxins in How to essay in 30 minutes, human food came into force in 1998 (several limits for aflatoxins, including sampling procedures and criteria for methods of analysis). They have gradually expanded to a variety of mycotoxins in different foodstuffs, including baby and Law school admissions essay children foods. At the time of writing limits have been set for approximately 40 toxin–food commodity combinations [ 29 ] and limits for a 5 paragraph, a further ten toxin–commodity combinations are coming into Term paper reviews force for a 5 paragraph in 30, several Fusarium toxins during 2007. New limits will probably also be established in the years to come for case study design, ergot alkaloids in foods, and some limits may be revised for aflatoxins, depending on EFSA scientific opinions. The EFSA is an independent body of the European Commission, established in paragraph in 30, 2002, and charged, among other tasks, with the development of risk assessments on issues of editing symbols school district concern in the food and feed supply. EFSA publishes its risk assessments in the form of scientific opinions which form the main scientific basis for the preparation of EU regulations [ 30 ]. Opinions about risks of mycotoxins in a 5 essay in 30, food and feed are developed in EFSA’s panel on case study design contaminants in the food chain. As an example, this panel has recently (March 2007; http://www.efsa.europa.eu ) published an opinion on the potential increase in the risk to How to write a 5 consumer health of a possible increase in current maximum levels for aflatoxins in almonds, hazelnuts, pistachios, and derived products. The panel concluded that changing the maximum levels for total aflatoxins in almonds, hazelnuts, and pistachios from 4 to 8 or 10 ?g kg ?1 would have minor effects on estimates of Apa essays dietary exposure and cancer risks.

This opinion might lead to a change in EU regulatory limits for aflatoxins in tree nuts. to provide a description, harmonised at paragraph, European level, of the status of mycotoxin contamination of foodstuffs in each participating member state; to group available information on each raw material and/or food product; to evaluate the best estimates of the mycotoxin dietary intake from food, both for each participating member state and at European level; and. to evaluate the mycotoxin dietary intake of particular groups of the population (high consumers, children, babies etc.). Estimated dietary intake of deoxynivalenol by different population groups in several EU countries, and comparison with the JECFA tolerable daily intake [ 35 ] SCOOP exercises make it clear that mycotoxins are among the chemical contaminants in food to which EU inhabitants may be exposed. Since 1979 the European Union has a rapid alert system for the risk of contaminants in food that are harmful to human health. The introduction of the General Food Law in 2002 [ 36 ] was an important step in the evolution of the rapid alert system for food and feed (RASFF) as it exists nowadays.

The system involves rapid information exchange between the competent authorities of the member states (including EFTA/EEA countries), the European Commission itself, and homework the EFSA. In the event of problems in the food chain of direct risk to human health the RASFF facilitates taking of the measures necessary to ensure consumer safety. Different kinds of notification—news notification, information notification, and alert notification—can be arranged, depending on the extent of risk and the need for How to a 5 minutes, direct action. News notification is related to information about food or feed safety. It is directed by one member state to other member states, solely to inform them. Information notification describes an identified risk of food or feed at the outer border of the EU, but requires no immediate action of other member states, although the problem also might exist for their countries. An alert notification relates to products that are on the market already. Essay District! It is immediately transmitted by the Commission to other members of the network and leads to withdrawal of the How to write paragraph essay, risky products from the market. Information notifications distributed to the relevant network members of the EU rapid alert system for food and feed in Term reviews, 2005 [ 37 ] RASFF notifications provide useful data for the development of new EU measures as new Commission regulations and safeguard measures such as the special conditions for import of pistachio nuts from How to write a 5 paragraph Iran [ 38 ]. All such measures are aimed at improvement and maintenance of food safety. Tasks and positioning of the paper writing reviews, EU Community Reference Laboratory for mycotoxins.

EC , European Commission; CRL , Community Reference Laboratory; NRL , National Reference Laboratory; RFL , Routine Field Laboratory. The position of the CEN with regard to mycotoxin regulations will also be strengthened as a consequence of the European Commission’s “Mandate for standardization addressed to CEN in the field of methods of analysis for mycotoxins in food” [ 40 ]. The new mandate falls within the framework of regulation EC no. 882/2004 [ 39 ]. How To A 5 Minutes! This regulation stipulates that methods for sampling and analysis used in Custom write my paper sociology, the context of official control shall comply with relevant Community rules or, if no such rules exist, with internationally recognized rules or protocols, for example those that the CEN has accepted. The view of the European Commission on CEN standards is clear: “ The establishment of standardized methods of How to write paragraph in 30 minutes analysis is of utmost importance to guarantee a uniform application and control of the European legislation in all Members States. Standardized methods of analysis are an indispensable element in guaranteeing a high level of food safety ”. In the text of the mandate a statement is made that elaboration of the standards should be undertaken in co-operation with the broadest possible range of admissions essay interested groups. How To A 5 Minutes! Twelve such (mainly European) organizations are specifically mentioned in the mandate, which shows the Help with, importance that the European Commission attaches to a 5 essay in 30 a broad support for the standardized methods.

In the annex of the mandate the methods of analysis are specifically mentioned. These relate to patulin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, aflatoxin B 1 , ochratoxin A, and Custom write sociology fumonisins B 1 and B 2 in a variety of foodstuffs. For these toxin–food combinations methods are needed in view of How to write a 5 paragraph in 30 minutes (coming) regulations; standardized methods are not yet available, however. One of a list of tasks to be undertaken is the preparation of a review of updated and extended performance criteria for methods of analysis of mycotoxins. The objective is to produce an updated and extended version of the current CEN criteria document [ 41 ], which has been the basis for stipulating performance criteria for mycotoxin methods in current EU legislation. It is expected that the new CEN tasks, as laid down in the mandate, will be completed in 2009. In addition to the guiding or supporting role of the European organisations and structural activities described above in establishment of Law school admissions essay mycotoxin regulations in the EU, results from several EC-funded research projects may also affect EU mycotoxin regulations. Without intentionally ignoring other relevant EC projects, examples of write paragraph essay minutes projects with significant potential impact include “BioCop” and “MoniQA”.

These two projects are funded in the EC’s 6th Framework Programme. “BioCop” ( http://www.biocop.org ) is an integrated project (IP) with more than 30 partners focussing on “new technologies to Apa essays screen multiple chemical contaminants in foods”. This pan-European project runs from 2005 until 2010. BioCop methods are based not on chromatography but on new biotechnology, for example transcriptomics, proteomics, and biosensors. The project has been introduced to supply regulators, consumers, and industry with long-term solutions to the complex problems associated with chemical contaminant monitoring [ 42 ]. These methods must eventually fulfil recognised performance criteria, so they can be accepted for enforcement purposes. One of the work packages of Biocop is to deal with mycotoxins, more specifically with the development of new methods, including use of transcriptomics (identification of chemical residues by genomic fingerprints) and sensors (both low-cost (electrochemical) portable devices and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors) for write paragraph in 30, analysis of a selection of trichothecenes of European interest (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and T-2 and HT-2 toxins). Help With Your Japanese! If successful in the first phase, the How to paragraph essay minutes, methods will be validated in interlaboratory tests and standardized by the CEN working group Biotoxins, possibly in the period after the project has been finalized.

Because mycotoxin methods permitted by EU legislation are based on performance criteria, the potential of BioCop-developed methods for regulatory use is significant. “MoniQA” ( http://www.moniqa.org ) is a network of Term paper writing reviews an introduction excellence (NoE), at the time of writing just started to run in the period 2007–2011. MoniQA has more than 60 partners. Write Paragraph In 30 Minutes! Although MoniQA is funded by the European Commission, it is a global network, including many non-EU partners, several from Asia. The full title of the project is “Towards harmonisation regarding monitoring the hazards in the food supply chain”.

In MoniQA the core consortium seeks to establish mechanisms for editing boise, coordinating and finally merging research activities, personnel, and infrastructure [ 43 ]. MoniQA is directed toward multidisciplinary themes, named “clusters”. One of the main clusters is How to a 5 paragraph minutes “mycotoxins”. One key activity is the development of common strategies for harmonising and validating (rapid/novel) detection methods and technologies. This could possibly include methods such as those developed in BioCop. A specific work package of MoniQA will evaluate the economic effect of implementation of the analytical methods required by Law school admissions the new regulations in the field of write essay food quality and safety (e.g. effectiveness, efficiency, and case design consistency), and to How to write a 5 minutes compare the effect of different options in qualitative, quantitative, and monetary terms. Risk–benefit analysis is obviously receiving more attention. With the funding of BioCop and write my paper sociology MoniQA the European Commission has not ceased its interest in advancing the development and standardization of analytical methods and sampling methods for write a 5 essay, contaminants, including mycotoxins. In the newly launched 7th Framework Programme (ranging from 2007 to 2013) large collaborative projects are foreseen in which (rapid) methods for mycotoxins, sampling, and standardization issues will receive attention. By the Term, end of 2003 approximately 100 countries in the world had specific regulations in food and feed. The number of countries regulating mycotoxins has significantly increased over the years.

Comparison of the How to, situations in 1995 and 2003 reveals that in 2003 more mycotoxins were regulated in more commodities and products and that tolerance limits generally remained the same or tended to decrease. Case! Regulations have become more diverse and write a 5 minutes detailed with newer requirements with regard to Apa essays official sampling procedures and analytical methods. Harmonisation of tolerance levels is occurring in several free-trade zones. Paragraph In 30 Minutes! In the EU, especially, the number of harmonized regulations for mycotoxins in food has rapidly grown, and Apa essays will grow further in How to write a 5 essay in 30 minutes, the years to come. Within one or two years EU limits will exist for approximately 50 different toxin–food combinations. These developments are scientifically underpinned, supported, and Law school admissions flanked by the complementary activities of a variety of European organizations or programmes (e.g. EFSA, SCOOP, RASFF, CRL, and How to write a 5 in 30 minutes CEN). Several large EU-funded pan-European research and networking projects (e.g. Editing Boise School! BioCop, MoniQA) also have an effect. Minutes! It is, therefore, expected that in the future the scientific basis and transparency of mycotoxin regulations and standardisation and harmonisation of the Essay editing, corresponding (bio)analytical methodology will benefit from these developments.

The authors wish to thank the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for How to in 30, permission to make use of material published in Apa essays, 2004 in FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 81: “Worldwide regulations for mycotoxins in food and feed in 2003”. Professor T.B. Essay In 30! Whitaker (North Carolina State University, USA) is Law school greatly acknowledged for permission to reproduce Fig. How To A 5 Paragraph! 2 . Custom Write My Paper! Figure 5 was reprinted from Toxicology Letters 153, Schothorst RC and How to a 5 in 30 Van Egmond HP. Reviews An Introduction! Report from SCOOP task 3.2.10 “Collection of occurrence data of How to write paragraph essay in 30 Fusarium toxins in food and assessment of dietary intake by the population of EU member states” Subtask: trichothecenes, 133–143.

Copyright (2004), with permission from Elsevier [ 35 ]. Hans P. van Egmond 1 Email author Ronald C. Schothorst 1 Marco A. Editing Symbols Boise School District! Jonker 1 1. Laboratory for Food and Residue Analysis National Institute for a 5 paragraph essay minutes, Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands. Published in cooperation with. .RIS Papers Reference Manager RefWorks Zotero. .BIB BibTeX JabRef Mendeley. .RIS Papers Reference Manager RefWorks Zotero. .BIB BibTeX JabRef Mendeley. Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. 2017 Springer International Publishing AG.

Part of Springer Nature.

2017 Regulatory and Examination Priorities Letter. Paragraph Essay! Each year, FINRA publishes its Annual Regulatory and district, Examination Priorities Letter to highlight issues of importance to FINRA's regulatory programs. Cover Letter From FINRA President and CEO, Robert Cook. Paragraph In 30 Minutes! Today, FINRA is study design publishing its Annual Regulatory and How to write a 5 essay minutes, Examination Priorities Letter (the Priorities Letter). This letter provides information about areas FINRA plans to review in its 2017 exams based on observations from our regulatory programs as well as input from admissions, various stakeholders, including member firms, other regulators and investor advocates. Firms have told us they find the annual Priorities Letter useful in How to a 5 paragraph essay minutes, reviewing their compliance and supervisory programs and Help with homework japanese, framing issues to address in their internal training and communications. A 5 Paragraph! As you will see, a common thread running throughout the Priorities Letter is a focus on core “blocking and tackling” issues of compliance, supervision and risk management. Most of the topics addressed in this year’s letter have been highlighted in prior years, but specific areas of emphasis have been updated or modified based on recent observations and study design, experience. Minutes! Attention to the core regulatory requirements identified in the letter—and how to address them in Essay editing symbols boise district, light of new business challenges and market developments—will serve investors and markets well.

Your ongoing input on existing and How to paragraph, emerging issues that put investors and market integrity at risk is very important. We share a common goal of promoting investor confidence, and I ask that you let us know of any areas on which you think FINRA should focus its regulatory resources to Essay editing boise school district, protect investors and bolster market integrity. Since joining FINRA in August, I have been engaged in a 5 paragraph in 30, an ongoing “listening tour,” meeting with member firms, regulators and investor groups, among others. I am grateful for the feedback and time many people have given me. In the coming months, I plan to provide more information about some concrete steps we are planning—based on the listening tour, as well as other input—to take a fresh look at certain aspects of FINRA’s programs and operations and to Term paper reviews, identify opportunities to do our work more effectively. In the essay meantime, I want to share with you two more modest steps we are already planning to take. First, I have heard frequently from firms and other FINRA stakeholders that it would be useful to learn more about what FINRA is seeing through its examination programs.

They have suggested that publishing common examination findings would help inform firms of deficiencies FINRA has observed, including in its areas of priority, and allow firms that have not yet been examined to fix any similar deficiencies. I agree, and starting this year, we will publish a summary report that outlines key findings from examinations in selected areas. This document will alert firms to what we are seeing from a national perspective and, therefore, serve as an additional tool firms can use to Term paper writing an introduction, strengthen the How to write in 30 control environment for their business. Another suggestion that emerged from my meetings is that many small firms would like us to explore how FINRA can provide more, and perhaps different, compliance tools and resources to assist them in complying with applicable regulatory requirements. I have already asked our staff to develop several new resources along these lines, and in 2017 we will introduce a “compliance calendar” and a directory of compliance service providers. Technology Case Study! In addition, to gather more information in paragraph essay minutes, this area, we recently sent a brief survey to small firms to help us learn about the compliance tools and resources they would find valuable. We have received very helpful input from firms to date, but it is not too late to participate.

If you are a small firm and have not already completed the editing survey, please do so to write paragraph, help us better assist you. Custom Sociology! A related area of focus in the coming year will be recognizing the How to essay in 30 vital role that small firms—as well as larger firms—play in facilitating capital formation by small and Apa essays, emerging growth companies, which are vital engines of our economy and of job creation. We will be looking for opportunities to support these activities, including by a 5 minutes, providing guidance where appropriate to encourage innovative business models and new technologies in the Fintech space, consistent with maintaining important investor protections. Some have asked me when my listening tour will be finished. The short answer is: never. As noted above, in Apa essays, the coming months I will share with you some additional steps we will be undertaking that have been informed by the listening tour, and How to, I am very excited about moving forward with these initiatives. But the listening will not end during my tenure. I hope you will always feel free to reach out Essay editing symbols boise school district directly to me or to anyone on our staff with your ideas and suggestions on how FINRA can better execute its mission of investor protection and a 5 in 30 minutes, market integrity.

President and CEO. Text of the 2017 Regulatory and Examination Priorities Letter. With Your Homework! This Regulatory and Examination Priorities Letter provides firms with information about areas FINRA plans to review in 2017, and in many instances also includes brief observations about common weaknesses we have observed while executing our regulatory programs. Firms can use this letter to paragraph in 30, identify priorities applicable to their business and to strengthen their compliance, supervisory and risk management controls to protect investors, the markets and themselves. FINRA develops these priorities based on observations from our regulatory programs as well as input from various stakeholders, including investor advocates, firms and Technology case, other regulators. Firms have told us that they find this annual letter useful in write a 5 essay in 30 minutes, evaluating their business, regardless of whether FINRA examines the firm in a given year. Some firms use the letter to help identify applicable priorities and then to define their training program requirements for Help your homework the coming year, assess programs they may need to strengthen or update, and How to paragraph in 30, frame issues that they will address in their annual compliance conferences and other internal communications. For its part, FINRA has enhanced its risk-based surveillance and examination programs to apply a nationally consistent approach to identify and focus on material conduct at firms based on our assessment of specified sales practice, financial, operational and Term writing an introduction, market-integrity risks. This approach has improved our understanding of each firm’s business, permitting us to better tailor examinations and other regulatory responses to a 5 in 30, conduct that poses the greatest threats to investors or the Help with japanese market. In planning and executing an examination, we consider, among other things, a firm’s business model, size and write paragraph, complexity of operations, and the nature and extent of Technology design, a firm’s activities against the priorities outlined in this letter.

In 2017, FINRA will also initiate electronic, off-site reviews to supplement our traditional on-site cycle examinations. This program will enable FINRA to review selected areas, typically those covered in this letter, without going on site to How to write a 5, the firm. Instead, FINRA will make targeted and limited information requests to firms and Custom sociology, then analyze responses off site. We will conduct these off-site exams only on a select group of firms that are not currently scheduled for a cycle exam in 2017. FINRA will focus on How to write a 5 essay in 30 the following issues and Law school essay, concerns through our regulatory programs in 2017.

FINRA will devote particular attention to a 5 paragraph in 30 minutes, firms’ hiring and Help homework japanese, monitoring of high-risk and recidivist brokers, including whether firms establish appropriate supervisory and compliance controls for such persons. FINRA is strengthening its already comprehensive approach to high-risk and recidivist brokers in write a 5 in 30 minutes, three areas. First, FINRA recently established a dedicated examination unit to identify and examine brokers who may pose a high risk to investors. This group will rigorously review these brokers’ interactions with customers, including their compliance with rules regarding suitability, know-your-customer, outside business activities, private securities transactions, commissions and fees. Second, FINRA will review firms’ supervisory procedures for Essay editing symbols boise school district hiring or retaining statutorily disqualified and recidivist brokers. FINRA will examine firms’ due diligence on these individuals and that will include determining whether, as part of the essay in 30 verification process, a firm or third-party service provider conducts a national search of reasonably available public records to verify the case study design accuracy and completeness of the How to write paragraph minutes information contained in an applicant’s Form U4. FINRA also will continue to monitor for the timely submission of disclosures required on Forms U4 and U5. FINRA will assess whether firms develop and implement a supervisory plan reasonably tailored to detect and prevent future misconduct by a particular broker based on Term paper writing an introduction prior misconduct and regulatory disclosures. Write A 5! We will also focus on firms with a concentration of with your, brokers with significant past disciplinary records or a number of sales practice complaints or arbitrations. At the same time, we will continue to essay in 30, scrutinize closely applications by firms to associate with statutorily disqualified persons and will oppose these plans where we conclude that they do not satisfy applicable requirements.

Similarly, our Membership Application Program will identify new and continuing member applicants that employ, or seek to employ, registered representatives with problematic regulatory histories. In these instances, our staff will carefully consider whether applicants have the experience and controls to adequately supervise these representatives. Custom My Paper! Third, FINRA will continue to evaluate firms’ branch office inspection programs as well as their supervisory systems for branch and non-branch office locations, including, but not limited to, independent contractor branches. FINRA’s focus for these reviews will include the supervision of account activity; advertising and communications, including the write potential use of unapproved email addresses for business; communications with customers, including through the Law school use of social media, seminars, radio shows or podcasts; registered representatives’ websites; outside business activities; the use of How to write a 5 paragraph essay in 30, consolidated account statements; and operational activities such as distribution of funds and changes of Apa essays, address or investment objectives. Investor protection lies at How to paragraph essay in 30 the heart of FINRA’s mission, and protecting senior investors will remain a top priority in 2017. FINRA will assess firms’ controls to protect senior investors from fraud, abuse and improper advice. We are seeing numerous cases where registered representatives have recommended that senior investors purchase speculative or complex products in search of yield.

While the quest for Technology case design higher yield is not per se problematic, FINRA will assess whether such recommendations were suitable given an a 5 paragraph minutes investor’s profile and Help japanese, risk tolerance, and whether firms have appropriate supervisory mechanisms in place to detect and write a 5 paragraph minutes, prevent problematic sales practices. Paper Reviews! In addition, FINRA will focus on microcap fraud schemes, especially those targeting the essay in 30 minutes elderly. Essay Editing District! Microcap (or “penny”) stocks are particularly vulnerable to market manipulation given the How to write essay in 30 minutes lack of public information regarding the companies’ underlying business and management, as well as the lack of paper an introduction, verifiable financial information. In 2015 and 2016, FINRA observed an increase in the use of aggressive boiler room tactics by How to write minutes, unregistered persons in pump-and-dump schemes targeting elderly investors. Case Design! There are a number of controls firms can implement to enhance protection for elderly clients from write essay in 30 minutes, such financial exploitation. For example, firms can contact an elderly customer in paper reviews, instances where the customer has placed a purchase order for a speculative penny stock through the customer’s online brokerage account, can question a customer about inquiries to buy or sell penny stocks held outside the firm and can ask a customer about instructions to a 5 paragraph in 30, transfer funds to persons who may be tied in some way to the issuer. Law School Essay! Product Suitability and Concentration. FINRA continues to observe instances where firms recommend products that are unsuitable for How to write customers, including situations where customers and sometimes registered representatives do not understand important product features. Technology! For this reason, we will assess how firms conduct reasonable-basis and customer-specific suitability reviews. This may include examining firms’ product vetting processes, supervisory systems and controls to review recommendations. Firms should be attentive to the adequacy of their supervision and training when new products come to How to write paragraph minutes, market, new features of existing products are introduced or market conditions change in ways that could affect product performance.

Firms that hire registered representatives who sell products with which the firm is with your homework japanese not familiar should educate themselves on How to write essay the products and then carefully evaluate their ability to supervise recommendations. Law School Essay! Training should ensure that registered representatives, compliance and How to write paragraph essay in 30 minutes, supervisory staff understand the objectives, risks and pricing factors of the products sold, including any changes in my paper sociology, the features of How to write a 5 paragraph essay minutes, those products. In 2017, FINRA will also increase its focus on the controls firms use to monitor recommendations that could result in excess concentration in customers’ accounts. This could include excessive concentration in a particular type of product, for example long-duration fixed income instruments. Firms should be attentive to shifts in the interest rate environment and should be prepared to assess and discuss the possible impact of my paper sociology, these changes on recommendations to clients. Write Essay In 30! Firms should also monitor for excessive concentration in securities exposed to an industry sector. The concerns we discuss above can arise with many products. For example, calls to the FINRA Securities Helpline for Seniors® (HELPS TM ) have exposed troubling scenarios of senior and unsophisticated investors buying into sales pitches for study speculative energy- based investments.

In addition, over the last year we have observed these concerns particularly frequently with respect to complex or novel exchange-traded products (ETPs), structured retail products, leveraged and inverse exchange-traded funds, non-traded real estate investment trusts (REITs) and unlisted business development corporations (BDCs). While these products can be appropriate for some customers, certain non-traded REITs and How to paragraph minutes, unlisted BDCs, for admissions essay example, may have high commissions and fees, be illiquid, have distributions that may include return of principal, have limited operating history, or present material credit risk arising from unrated or below investment grade products. Given these concerns, firms should make sure that they perform and supervise customer- specific suitability determinations. More generally, firms should carefully evaluate their supervisory programs in light of the products they offer, the specific features of those products and the investors they serve. Excessive and Short-term Trading of Long-term Products. FINRA will evaluate firms’ ability to monitor for short-term trading of long-term products. We have observed instances of registered representatives recommending that their clients trade long-term products—such as open- and closed-end mutual funds, variable annuities and unit investment trusts (UITs)—on a short-term basis. This trading is How to write a 5 essay in 30 detrimental to clients who may experience diminished investment returns because of increased costs (e.g., commissions, underwriting fees, or creation and development fees) or missed dividend payments in Help homework japanese, the case of UITs.

In September 2016, FINRA launched a targeted exam that focuses on UIT rollovers at select firms, and FINRA will review other firms’ UIT sales and surveillance practices as well. FINRA has observed, for example, that some registered representatives are using early UIT rollovers (i.e., rollovers prior to the last 30-60 days of the UIT’s term) to increase their sales credits to the detriment of clients. In addition, FINRA urges firms to write a 5 paragraph minutes, evaluate whether their supervisory systems can detect activity intended to Essay editing symbols boise school district, evade automated surveillance for How to a 5 excessive switching activity. For example, we have observed situations where registered representatives switch customers across products to Help japanese, evade surveillance that focuses on switching within the same product class. Similarly, FINRA has observed situations where registered representatives switch customers through several investments to conceal the source of funds from How to write a 5 paragraph essay in 30, switching surveillance tools.

Outside Business Activities and Private Securities Transactions. FINRA will focus on firms’ obligations with respect to their registered representatives’ outside business activities and private securities transactions. We will continue to evaluate firms’ procedures to review registered persons’ written notifications of Term an introduction, proposed outside business activities, including firms’ consideration of whether the proposed outside business activities may compromise a registered person’s responsibilities to the firm’s clients or be viewed as part of the firm’s business. FINRA will also focus on write paragraph in 30 minutes firms’ procedures for handling associated persons’ notifications of proposed private securities transactions and firms’ ongoing supervision over associated persons’ approved private securities transactions for compensation. With Your! Social Media and Electronic Communications Retention and Supervision. FINRA will review firms’ compliance with their supervisory and record-retention obligations with respect to social media and other electronic communications in write a 5 paragraph essay in 30 minutes, light of the increasingly important role they play in the securities business. We note that these obligations apply to business communications irrespective of the medium or device used to communicate.

Under U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and essay, FINRA record-retention requirements, firms must ensure the capture of a 5, business-related communications regardless of the devices or networks used. A firm must capture and maintain all business-related communications in writing an introduction, such a way that the firm can review them for inappropriate business conduct. During 2016, FINRA assessed liquidity management practices and identified firms that lacked liquidity risk management plans, did not conduct stress tests, applied insufficiently rigorous assumptions in their stress tests or maintained insufficient sources of write paragraph essay in 30 minutes, funding. In addition, FINRA found that many firms’ funding contingency plans relied on Apa essays committed secured and How to write essay minutes, unsecured loan facilities. Contracts for these facilities may contain provisions ( e.g. , restrictive covenants, acceleration and write, material adverse change clauses) that could either compromise or delay the availability of that funding during a stress event. In light of these findings, in 2017, FINRA will review firms’ funding and liquidity plans, and How to write essay in 30 minutes, assess whether firms adequately evaluate their liquidity needs related to market- wide and idiosyncratic stresses, develop contingency plans so that they have sufficient liquidity to Technology design, endure those stresses, and conduct stress tests and other reviews to gauge the effectiveness of their contingency plans. Moreover, certain stress scenarios may affect affiliate and write essay in 30, broker-dealer liquidity simultaneously. We will also review how correspondent clearing firms incorporate funding needs for large introducing firms and market participants in their contingency plans, where such entities rely on with your homework japanese their clearing brokers for funding during a stress event, including coverage for intraday risk. We urge firms to consider the effective practices discussed in Regulatory Notice 15-33 as they evaluate their liquidity management plans.

Over the past two years, FINRA has held discussions with some larger firms to understand how they manage risk across their organizations. Paragraph Essay In 30! The discussions focused on Custom write my paper sociology the extent of the independence of the firms’ risk management governance; the scope, span and focus of key control functions; and the frequency and effectiveness of communication and reporting between parties responsible for monitoring and controlling risk. Write A 5 Paragraph! Similar to the thematic liquidity review that produced Regulatory Notice 15-33 , and in furtherance of our risk management focus, FINRA will ask a select group of firms to explain how they would react to a specific stress scenario that affects a firm’s market, credit and liquidity risks. FINRA will assess these firms’ risk management practices, considering areas such as readiness, communication plans, risk metrics and triggers, as well as contingencies. We will assess these practices to understand whether the approach appears reasonable in editing boise school, light of the risks to the firm’s business, not with an expectation of a “right way” or “wrong way” to deal with the scenario. Credit Risk Policies, Procedures and Risk Limit Determinations Under FINRA Rule 4210. In June 2016, the SEC approved amendments to FINRA Rule 4210 to establish margin requirements for covered agency transactions, and on December 15, 2016, the first phase of the new amendments became effective. In 2017, FINRA will review firms’ implementation of the obligations established in write paragraph minutes, the first phase of the rule amendment. We will assess firms’ written risk policies, procedures, risk limit setting processes and Law school admissions, the way firms establish and supervise for compliance with the rule’s requirements.

Firms should review the new rule requirements to How to a 5 essay, ensure they have appropriately tailored their risk policies and limits to their counterparties and covered agency transactions. Essay! Cybersecurity threats remain one of the most significant risks many firms face, and in 2017, FINRA will continue to assess firms’ programs to mitigate those risks. 1 FINRA recognizes there is no one-size-fits-all approach to cybersecurity, and we will tailor our assessment of cybersecurity programs to each firm based on a variety of paragraph in 30 minutes, factors, including its business model, size and risk profile. Term! Among the areas FINRA may review are firms’ methods for preventing data loss, including understanding their data (e.g., its degree of sensitivity and the locations where it is stored), and its flow through the firm, and How to write a 5 paragraph minutes, possibly to vendors. FINRA may assess controls firms use to Law school essay, monitor and protect this data, for example, through data loss prevention tools. In some instances, we will review how firms manage their vendor relationships, including the controls to manage those relationships. The controls should be informed by a number of factors, including a clear understanding of write essay minutes, any customer or employee personally identifiable information or sensitive firm information to which vendors have access. We may also examine firms’ controls to protect sensitive information from insider threats. The nature of the symbols district insider threat itself is rapidly changing as the workforce evolves to include more employees who are mobile, trusted external partnerships and How to write a 5 essay in 30, vendors, internal and external contractors, as well as offshore resources.

We also draw firms’ attention to two areas in which we have observed repeated shortcomings in controls. First, cybersecurity controls at Help with your homework japanese branch offices, particularly independent contractor branch offices, tend to be weaker than those at firms’ home offices. A 5 Paragraph Essay Minutes! We have observed poor controls related to essay, the use of passwords, encryption of data, use of portable storage devices, implementation of How to write paragraph in 30 minutes, patches and virus protection, and the physical security of with, assets and data. Second, in multiple instances, firms have failed to fulfill one or more of their obligations under Securities Exchange Act (SEA) Rule 17a-4(f) that requires firms to, among other things, preserve certain records in a non-rewriteable, non-erasable format, commonly known as write once read many (WORM) format. This includes situations where vendor-provided email review and retention services did not fulfill SEA Rule 17a-4(f) requirements. A 5 Paragraph! FINRA recently announced enforcement actions against 12 firms for, among other things, failure to preserve broker-dealer and customer records in WORM format. Editing Boise School District! 2. FINRA will assess firms’ testing of their internal supervisory controls. Regular testing is critical to enabling firms to identify and mitigate gaps or inadequate controls ( e.g. , poorly set parameters in automated compliance systems) that, left undetected, may lead to significant, systemic control breakdowns.

These problems arise in How to write essay minutes, firms’ day- to-day operations, but we have observed that they can be more prevalent when firms increase the Apa essays scale or scope of their business or change from legacy to write minutes, new compliance systems. Control breakdowns can include record-retention omissions and failures to deliver requisite disclosure or other documents to clients. In addition, FINRA has observed situations where data is inaccurate, for example, with respect to product or order types. This can lead to situations where automated alerts fail to Technology design, identify activity in How to write paragraph, client accounts for further review or where extensive manual intervention is necessary to make the Help with your homework japanese data useable. FINRA reminds firms of their obligations with respect to supervisory controls testing and chief executive officer certifications pursuant to FINRA Rules 3120 and 3130. Customer Protection/Segregation of Client Assets. FINRA will evaluate whether firms have implemented adequate controls and supervision to How to write a 5 paragraph essay in 30, protect customer assets pursuant to SEA Rule 15c3-3. Essay Boise School! FINRA will assess firms’ compliance with the specific requirements of the How to a 5 in 30 rule, for example, whether firms properly include customer securities positions and money balances on multiple platforms in Apa essays, the reserve formula and in the possession or control calculations.

FINRA will also emphasize that firms should maintain relevant documentary evidence to incorporate concentrated customer debit balances in the reserve formula. We will test whether the Special Reserve Bank agreements with banks, regardless of their size, location or the amount on deposit with them, have the required no-lien language. In addition, FINRA will also determine if money movements in Special Reserve Bank accounts are timely and transfers of moneys between reserve bank accounts create temporary shortfalls. How To Write Paragraph! We will review whether firms maintain sufficient documentation to demonstrate that securities are held free of liens and encumbrances, especially for alternative investment products in write my paper sociology, customer retirement accounts. In addition, FINRA will assess whether firms’ possession or control processes are sufficient to identify securities held in custody, clearance, dealer or custodial agent locations. We will also evaluate the a 5 in 30 minutes adequacy of firms’ supervision and controls to with japanese, identify, and where appropriate prevent, manual overrides of automated possession or control calculations. These overrides may include, but are not limited to, reductions to DTC Memo Seg instructions to make delivery of, for example, hard-to-borrow securities.

Finally, FINRA is concerned that some firms may be engaging in transactions with little or no economic substance designed primarily, if not solely, to reduce their reserve or segregation requirements under the financial responsibility rules. This would put customer cash or securities at risk if, for How to write a 5 paragraph essay in 30 minutes example, a firm went out of business and held its customers’ securities in an account subject to a lien or if a firm artificially reduced the reserve computation through such transactions. FINRA will review for this behavior from two perspectives. First, we will focus on the mechanisms firms use to identify, review, and approve or disapprove transactions that may have such effect. Second, we will review client transactions that result in outsized profit for a client when compared to transactions of similar risk as well as transactions that shift profit or loss between a broker-dealer and its affiliates that are not supported by Technology study, the economics of the situation. Regulation SHO – Close Out and Easy to write paragraph essay minutes, Borrow. In 2017, FINRA will continue to essay, assess firms’ compliance with SEC Regulation SHO. In light of recent SEC enforcement actions, FINRA will focus on the locate process to ensure firms have reasonable grounds to believe securities are available for borrowing prior to accepting a short sale. FINRA will assess firms’ preparation and use of the easy-to- borrow list as well as evaluate the adequacy of firms’ automated locate models. FINRA has observed fails-to-deliver on settlement date, when locates are granted without the How to write a 5 requisite reasonable grounds to believe that the security could be borrowed.

Firms should continue to monitor their close-out processes and ensure that they appropriately close out fails-to-deliver by Essay, the designated close-out date pursuant to Rule 204 of Regulation SHO. Anti-Money Laundering and Suspicious Activity Monitoring. In 2017, FINRA will continue to focus on How to write a 5 paragraph essay firms’ anti-money laundering programs, especially those areas where we have observed shortcomings. These shortcomings include gaps in Law school, firms’ automated trading and money movement surveillance systems caused by data integrity problems, poorly set parameters or surveillance patterns that do not capture problematic behavior such as suspicious microcap activity. We have seen weaknesses in systems monitoring foreign currency transactions and transactions that flow through suspense accounts. How To Write Essay! Firms may perform anti-money laundering suspicious activity monitoring using the same trading surveillance they use for paper writing supervisory purposes, but that surveillance must also include alerts tailored to the firm’s anti-money laundering red flags. FINRA will also continue to focus on How to paragraph in 30 firms’ controls around accounts held by nominee companies. We expect firms to determine whether they need to implement policies and procedures to identify accounts held by nominee companies and whether they should apply heightened scrutiny to those accounts.

State and local governments that issue municipal securities to raise funds for various public projects may rely on municipal advisors to advise them on the structure, timing and terms of the issuance of securities or the Help your investment of proceeds from the sales. How To Write Paragraph Minutes! FINRA has found that some firms are not registering correctly with both the SEC and Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (MSRB) or are not properly updating their registration information as it changes. Further, firms may not be identifying all individuals who are engaged in municipal advisor activity as required for admissions essay submission to EDGAR on SEC Form MA-I. The Series 50 Municipal Advisor Representative Qualification Examination became available September 12, 2016, and write a 5 in 30, individuals currently engaging in municipal advisor activities have one year to pass the exam. Firms that do not wish to Law school, register as municipal advisors may still provide services to municipal customers under certain statutory exclusions and regulatory exemptions. We will assess whether these firms properly apply the How to write paragraph essay minutes exemptions and exclusions 3 to essay, municipal advisor registration requirements under SEC rules. 4. Detecting and deterring manipulation remains a critical priority for How to write a 5 essay in 30 FINRA, and it should be a priority for firms too.

We regularly enhance and expand our surveillance program to deal with new threat scenarios and changes in market participants’ behavior, and we provide firms with tools that can help them do the Technology case design same. For example, we are enhancing our layering 5 pattern to look for even larger groups of market participants potentially engaging in manipulation. In addition, we have amended our Order Audit Trail System (OATS) rules to How to essay, require alternative trading systems (ATSs) to submit broader order book activity to OATS and to write my paper sociology, require FINRA members to capture in their OATS reports the identity of non-FINRA member broker-dealers participating in the over-the-counter market. It is paragraph in 30 minutes important that FINRA members comply with these new order reporting requirements as OATS data helps FINRA to better reconstruct the markets for surveillance purposes. In addition, we are closely monitoring whether market participants are trading in a potentially manipulative manner surrounding the open or close through the use of, among other tactics, aggressive and dominant trading on one side of the market to Essay boise school, benefit a position on the other side of the market. How To Write Paragraph! Additionally, we developed a cross-product surveillance pattern to detect layering in an underlying equity to influence options prices. In 2017, we will expand surveillance for cross-product manipulation to Law school essay, trading in ETPs and related securities, and improper trading strategies directed at unique attributes of ETPs. Finally, in 2016, FINRA introduced the How to essay in 30 Cross Market Equity Supervision Report Cards for Technology case study layering and spoofing 6 activity as a compliance tool to complement firms’ supervisory systems and procedures to detect and deter manipulative conduct by the firm or its customers. The purpose of the report cards is to How to a 5, proactively alert firms when it appears that they or their customers are engaging in potentially manipulative conduct.

We expect firms that receive report cards to review them as a supplement to, and not a replacement for, their own reviews into potentially manipulative activity, and take appropriate steps in response to their findings. Write My Paper! In November 2015, FINRA issued Regulatory Notice 15-46 to remind firms of the best execution obligations they owe customers when they receive, handle, route or execute customer orders in equities, options and a 5 paragraph in 30, fixed income securities. Firms should consider how the continuing automation of the markets for equity securities and school district, standardized options, and recent advances in trading technology and communications in the fixed income markets, affect their order-handling decisions and write essay in 30, factor those changes into their review of the execution quality they provide customers. In addition, we remind firms of the importance of admissions essay, providing accurate payment for order flow disclosures. Audit Trail Reporting Early Remediation Initiative and Expansion. FINRA’s Audit Trail Reporting Early Remediation Initiative identifies and How to write a 5 paragraph, alerts firms to potential equity audit trail issues not typically detected through routine compliance sweeps and reviews. We expect firms to use the alerts to correct systems issues and potentially avoid a formal investigation, if the issue is limited in scope and promptly addressed. We will expand this initiative to Term reviews, other areas such as Regulation NMS trade- throughs and locked and How to minutes, crossed markets. Write! We believe it would be a more effective use of write a 5 paragraph in 30 minutes, both FINRA’s and firms’ resources to alert firms to Term reviews, potential problems and only open formal investigations when the problem is widespread and long-standing, or the firm does not take timely or sufficient steps to How to write a 5 paragraph in 30, address the issues. Law School Admissions! The data collection obligations of the paragraph in 30 Tick Size Pilot will continue in editing, 2017. To assist with this initiative, FINRA consolidates broker-dealer and exchange data to write essay in 30, satisfy the exchanges’ and FINRA’s data collection requirements and, through a market maker transaction reporting mechanism, collects trade data on behalf of tick size market makers.

Because of the importance of this data to the SEC’s and self-regulatory organizations’ analysis of the program, it is critical that firms submit accurate OATS and market maker data. FINRA will review for compliance with the Apa essays data requirements of the Tick Size Pilot, as well as compliance with its quoting and trading restrictions. FINRA continues to see the need for firms to improve their compliance with the write in 30 minutes Market Access Rule. For example, firms need to better document their market access controls, provide the rationales for decisions relating to the setting of controls, identify the individuals responsible for monitoring those controls and consistently monitor the effectiveness of the controls they employ. Law School Admissions Essay! Some best practices firms should consider incorporating into How to a 5 paragraph essay their market access controls include implementing, memorializing and monitoring pre-trade and post-trade controls; implementing procedures for Technology case study design the supervision, development, testing and employment of algorithmic trading, including code development or changes; and maintaining reasonable processes to monitor whether trading algorithms operate as intended, and processes to disable algorithms or systems that malfunction. In addition, firms should consider the effective practices FINRA describes in Regulatory Notice 15-09 . FINRA’s trading examination priorities include reviewing the adequacy of alternative trading systems’ disclosures to customers about write in 30, how they operate, reviewing for potential conflicts of interest, and evaluating whether floor brokers and upstairs firms are handling manual options orders in a manner consistent with their best execution obligations. Our 2017 priorities include a pilot trading examination program.

The pilot will help us determine the Technology study value of conducting targeted examinations of some smaller firms that have historically not been subject to How to minutes, trading examinations due to their relatively low trading volume. Fixed Income Securities Surveillance Program. In recent years, we have expanded our fixed income surveillance program to include additional manipulation-based surveillance patterns, such as wash sales and interpositioning. FINRA will continue to enhance these patterns and conduct investigations into problematic activity we detect through our surveillance program. Technology Case Study Design! We have brought enforcement actions against How to write essay minutes individuals who engaged in non-bona fide trading to create an artificial price level in a bond, in order to hide an excessive mark-up to a customer trade or reset the aging of positions held by the firm.

We continue to review firms’ written supervisory procedures and Term paper reviews, systems to ensure they are reasonably designed to monitor for such conduct. We also will continue to review for and investigate potential misrepresentations and How to essay, misleading conduct by position and sales traders in Essay editing boise district, securitized products.

essay on world views Index To Other Beliefs . World Religions, Postmodernism, Evolution, Atheism, New Age etc. by Jerry Solomon. . the cherished premises or assumptions you hold about ultimate reality, human beings, and the relationship between the How to write a 5 paragraph minutes, two. Please Note: Each coloured link within the article will lead you to a related topic on a different page of this site. However while the text is part of the original article, the links are not. The author of this article may, or may not, agree with the Apa essays, views expressed on those pages, or anything else on this site.. In two national surveys conducted by Barna Research, one among adults and one among teenagers, people were asked if they believe that there are moral absolutes that are unchanging or that moral truth is relative to How to write essay in 30 minutes, the circumstances. By a 3-to-1 margin (64% vs.

22%) adults said truth is always relative to Law school, the person and How to write their situation. Apa Essays. The perspective was even more lopsided among teenagers, 83% of whom said moral truth depends on the circumstances, and only 6% of whom said moral truth is write a 5 paragraph in 30, absolute. “Christians have very gradually become disturbed over permissiveness, pornography, the public schools, the breakdown of the family, and finally abortion. But they have not seen this as a totality - each thing being a part, a symptom of a much larger problem. They have failed to see that all of case study this has come about due to a shift in the world view - that is, through a fundamental change in the overall way people think and view the How to a 5 paragraph in 30, world and life as a whole. This shift has been away from a world view that was at least vaguely Christian in people's memory (even if they were not individually Christian) toward something completely different - toward a world view based upon the idea that the final reality is impersonal matter or energy shaped into its present form by write my paper sociology impersonal chance”. [Francis A. Schaeffer, A Christian Manifesto, 1981] (All Paths.. One Destination? ) A friend of mine recently told me of a conversation he had with a good friend we will call Joe. Joe is a 5 paragraph in 30 minutes, a doctor. He is admissions, not a Christian. This is How to a 5 paragraph essay in 30 minutes, how the conversation went: Joe, you're an excellent doctor. Apa Essays. You care deeply about How to write a 5 paragraph in 30 minutes, your patients.

Why do you care so much for people since you believe we have evolved by chance? What gives us value? Joe was stunned by the question and couldn't answer it. His world view had taken a blow. The concept of a world view has received increasing attention for Help homework japanese the past several years. Many books have been written on the subject of world views from How to, both Christian and non-Christian perspectives. Frequently speakers will refer to the term. Editing Symbols Boise School. On occasion even reviews of movies and music will include the phrase.

All this attention prompts us to ask, What does the a 5 paragraph, term mean? and What difference does it make? It is our intent to answer these questions. And it is our hope that all of us will give serious attention to our own world view, as well as the world views of my paper those around us. What is a World View? What is a World View ? A variety of definitions have been offered by numerous authors.

For example, James Sire asserts that A world view is a set of presuppositions (or assumptions) which we hold (consciously or subconsciously) about the basic makeup of our world. Phillips and Brown state that A worldview is, first of all, an explanation and interpretation of the write paragraph in 30, world and second, an application of this view to life . In simpler terms, our worldview is Custom my paper, a view of the world and a view for How to paragraph essay minutes the world . Write Sociology. Walsh and Middleton provide what we think is the most succinct and understandable explanation: A world view provides a model of the world which guides its adherents in How to write paragraph the world . Writing Reviews An Introduction. With the realization that many subtleties can be added, this will be our working definition. The Need for a World View. World views act somewhat like eye glasses or contact lenses. That is, a world view should provide the correct prescription for making sense of the world just as wearing the How to a 5 essay minutes, correct prescription for your eyes brings things into focus.

And, in Custom write either example, an incorrect prescription can be dangerous, even life-threatening. People who are struggling with world view questions are often despairing and even suicidal. Thus it's important for us to write essay minutes, give attention to the formulation of the proper world view. Arthur Holmes states that the need for a world view is fourfold: the need to unify thought and life; the need to define the good life and find hope and Technology design meaning in life; the need to guide thought; the need to guide action. Yet another prominent need for the proper world view is to help us deal with an increasingly diverse culture. A 5 In 30 Minutes. We are faced with a smorgasbord of world views, all of which make claims concerning truth. We are challenged to sort through this mixture of world views with wisdom.

These needs are experienced by all people, either consciously or unconsciously. All of us have a world view with which we strive to meet such needs. The proper world view helps us by orienting us to the intellectual and philosophical terrain about us. World views are so much a part of our lives that we see and hear them daily, whether we recognize them or not. For example, movies, television, music, magazines, newspapers, government, education, science, art, and all other aspects of culture are affected by world views. If we ignore their importance, we d o so to Law school essay, our detriment. Testing World Views. A world view should pass certain tests.

First, it should be rational. It should not ask us to believe contradictory things. Second, it should be supported by How to write a 5 essay minutes evidence. It should be consistent with what we observe. Third, it should give a satisfying comprehensive explanation of Essay editing symbols district reality. How To Write Paragraph Essay In 30. It should be able to explain why things are the way they are. Law School Admissions Essay. Fourth, it should provide a satisfactory basis for living. It should not leave us feeling compelled to borrow elements of another world view in How to a 5 paragraph in 30 minutes order to live in this world. Components Found in All World Views.

In addition to study design, putting world views to these tests, we should also see that world views have common components. These components are self-evident. It is important to keep these in mind as you establish your own world view, and as you share with others. There are four of them. First, something exists . This may sound obvious, but it really is an important foundational element of world view building since some will try to deny it. But a denial is How to a 5 paragraph essay in 30, self- defeating because all people experience cause and effect. The universe is rational; it is predictable. Second, all people have absolutes . Again, many will try to deny this, but to deny it is to assert it. All of us seek an infinite reference point. For some it is God; for essay others it is the state, or love, or power, and for some this reference point is themselves or man. Third, two contradictory statements cannot both be right . This is a primary law of logic that is a 5 essay in 30 minutes, continually denied.

Ideally speaking, only one world view can correctly mirror reality. This cannot be overemphasized in light of the prominent belief that tolerance is the ultimate virtue. To say that someone is wrong is labeled intolerant or narrow-minded. A good illustration of this is Apa essays, when we hear people declare that all religions are the same. It would mean that Hindus, for How to essay example, agree with Christians concerning God, Jesus, salvation, heaven, hell, and Apa essays a host of other doctrines. This is nonsense.

Fourth, all people exercise faith . All of us presuppose certain things to be true without absolute proof. These are inferences or assumptions upon which a belief is based. This becomes important, for example, when we interact with those who allege that only the scientist is completely neutral. Some common assumptions are: a personal God exists; man evolved from inorganic material; man is How to a 5 paragraph minutes, essentially good; reality is material. As we dialogue with people who have opposing world views, an understanding of these common components can help us listen more patiently, and Law school admissions essay they can guide us to make our case more wisely. Six World View Questions. Have you ever been frustrated with finding ways to stir the thinking of a non-Christian friend? We are confident the following questions will be of help. How To Write Paragraph Essay Minutes. And we are also confident they will stir your thinking about the Custom write sociology, subject of world views.

We will answer these questions with various non-Christian responses. Christian responses will be discussed later in this article. First, Why is there something rather than nothing? Some may actually say something came from nothing. Others may state that something is here because of impersonal spirit or energy. And many believe matter is eternal. Second, How do you explain human nature? Frequently people will say we are born as blank slates, neither good nor evil. Another popular response is that we are born good, but society causes us to behave otherwise. Third, What happens to write a 5 minutes, a person at death? Many will say that a person's death is just the disorganization of with your matter.

Increasingly people in our culture are saying that death brings reincarnation or realization of oneness. [Also See The Answer to Death] Fourth, How do you determine what is right and wrong? Often we hear it said that ethics are relative or situational. Others assert that we have no free choice since we are entirely determined. Write A 5. Some simply derive oughts from what is. Custom Write My Paper Sociology. And of paragraph essay in 30 minutes course history has shown us the tragic results of a might makes right answer. Fifth, How do you know that you know? Some say that the mind is the center of our source of knowledge. Things are only known deductively. Technology. Others claim that knowledge is only found in the senses. We know only what is perceived.

Sixth, What is the meaning of history? One answer is essay minutes, that history is determined as part of a mechanistic universe. Another answer is that history is a linear stream of events linked by cause and effect but without purpose. Yet another answer is that history is Help japanese, meaningless because life is absurd. The alert Christian will quickly recognize that the preceding answers are contrary to his beliefs. There are definite, sometimes startling differences. World views are in collision. Thus we should know at least something about the How to minutes, world views that are central to the conflict. And we should certainly be able to articulate a Christian world view. Examples of Apa essays World Views.

In his excellent book, The Universe Next Door , James Sire catalogs the How to write essay in 30 minutes, most influential world views of the past and present. These are Christian Theism, Deism, Naturalism, Nihilism, Existentialism, Eastern Pantheism, and New Age or New Consciousness. Deism, a prominent world view during the eighteenth century, has almost entirely left the scene. The Deist believes in God, but that God created and then abandoned the universe. Nihilism, a more recent world view, is alive among many young people and some intellectuals. Nihilists see no value to reality; life is absurd. Existentialism is prominent and can be seen frequently, even among unwitting Christians. The Existentialist, like the Nihilist, sees life as absurd, but sees man as totally free to your japanese, make himself in the face of this absurdity.

Christian Theism, Naturalism, and write a 5 paragraph essay New Age Pantheism are the most influential world views presently in the United States. Now we will survey each of them. Let's return to the six questions we asked earlier and briefly see how the Christian Theist might answer them. Question: Why is Term writing an introduction, there something rather than nothing? Answer: There is an infinite-personal God who has created the universe out of nothing. Question: How do you explain human nature? Answer: Man was originally created good in God's image, but chose to sin and thus infected all of humanity with what is called a sin nature. So man has been endowed with value by his creator, but his negative behavior is in league with his nature. [See Original Sin..

Fact Or Fable?] Question: What happens to a person at death? Answer: Death is either the paragraph essay in 30 minutes, gate to life with God or to eternal separation from Him. The destination is dependent upon writing the response we give to God's provision for our sinfulness. Question: How do you determine what is right and wrong? Answer: The guidelines for conduct are revealed by write paragraph God. Question: How do you know that you know?

Answer: Reason and experience can be legitimate teachers, but a transcendent source is necessary. Case Design. We know some things only because we are told by God through the How to write in 30 minutes, Bible. Question: What is the meaning of history? Answer: History is a linear and meaningful sequence of events leading to the fulfillment of God's purposes for man. Christian Theism had a long history in Western culture. Technology. This does not mean that all individuals who have lived in Western culture have been Christians. It simply means that this world view was dominant; it was the most influential. And this was true even among non-Christians. This is no longer valid.

Western culture has experienced a transition to what is How to write a 5 paragraph in 30, called Naturalism. Even though Naturalism in various forms is ancient, we will use the term to case study, refer to a world view that has had considerable influence in How to write in 30 a relatively short time within Western culture. The seeds were planted in the seventeenth century and began to flower in Technology case design the eighteenth. Most of us have been exposed to Naturalism through Marxism and How to write essay minutes what is Essay symbols, called Secular Humanism. What are the basic tenets of this world view? First, God is irrelevant. This tenet helps us better understand the term Naturalism; it is in How to write a 5 direct contrast to Christian Theism, which is based on supernaturalism . Second, progress and Law school admissions evolutionary change are inevitable. Third, man is autonomous, self-centered, and will save himself. Fourth, education is the guide to life; intelligence and freedom guarantee full human potential. Fifth, science is the ultimate provider both for knowledge and morals.

These tenets have permeated our lives. They are apparent, for example, in the media, government, and education. We should be alert constantly to their influence. After World War II Postmodernism began to replace the confidence of Naturalism. With it came the conclusion that truth, in write a 5 paragraph essay in 30 any real sense, doesn't exist. This may be the next major world view, or anti-world view, that will infect the culture. It is presently the rage on many of our college campuses. In the meantime, though, the past few decades have brought us another ancient world view dressed in Western clothing.

New Age Pantheism. Various forms of Technology study design Pantheism have been prominent in How to write minutes Eastern cultures for thousands of years. Apa Essays. But it began to write a 5 essay in 30 minutes, have an effect on our culture in the 1950s. There had been various attempts to introduce its teachings before then, but those attempts did not arouse the interest that was stirred in that decade. It is now most readily observed in what is called the Law school admissions essay, New Age Movement. What are the basic tenets of this world view? First, all is one. There are no ultimate distinctions between humans, animals, or the rest of creation. Second, since all is one, all is god. All of life has a spark of divinity. Third, if all is one and How to write a 5 paragraph essay in 30 all is god, then each of us is god.

Fourth, humans must discover their own divinity by experiencing a change in consciousness. Apa Essays. We suffer from a collective form of metaphysical amnesia. Fifth, humans travel through indefinite cycles of birth, death, and reincarnation in order to work off what is called bad karma. Write A 5 In 30. Sixth, New Age disciples think in study terms of gray, not black and white. Thus they believe that two conflicting statements can both be true. On the popular level these tenets are presently asserted through various media, such as books, magazines, television, and How to paragraph essay movies. Perhaps the most visible teacher is Shirley MacLaine. But these beliefs are also found increasingly among i ntellectuals in fields such as medicine, psychology, sociology, and with your homework japanese education. We have very briefly scanned the subject of world views.

Let's return to a definition we affirmed in the beginning of write essay in 30 this article: A world view provides a model of the world which guides its adherents in the world . If your model of the world includes an infinite-personal God, as in Christian Theism, that belief should provide guidance for your homework japanese your life. If your model rejects God, as in Naturalism, again such a belief serves as a guide. A 5 Paragraph. Or if your model asserts that you are god, as in New Age Pantheism, yet again your life is being guided by such a conception. Apa Essays. These examples should remind us that we are living in a culture that puts us in touch constantly with such ideas, and How to write a 5 paragraph essay minutes many more. They cannot all be true. Thus some of Apa essays us may be confronted with the How to write a 5 essay in 30 minutes, need to think more deeply than we ever have before. Some of us may need to purge those things from our lives that are contrary to the world view of Christian Theism. Some of us may need to better understand that our thoughts are to be unified with daily life.

Some of write us may need to write essay minutes, better understand that the good life and Apa essays hope and meaning are found only through God's answers. Some of us may need to let God's ideas guide our thoughts more completely. And some of us may need to let God's guidelines guide our actions more fully. Paul's admonition to the believers in ancient Colossae couldn't be more contemporary or helpful in essay in 30 light of our discussion. He wrote: See to it that no one takes you captive through philosophy and study design empty deception, according to the tradition of men, according to the elementary principles of the How to a 5 in 30 minutes, world, rather than according to Christ (Col. 2:8). 1. James W. Sire, The Universe Next Door (Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, 1988), 17.

2. W. Gary Phillips and Term writing reviews William E. Brown, Making Sense of Your World (Chicago: Moody Press, 1991), 29. 3. Brian J. Walsh and J. Richard Middleton, The Transforming Vision (Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, 1984), 32. 4. Arthur F. Holmes, Contours of a World View (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1983), 5. Worldviews – Some Basics. But some may object that such a view of Christianity is too intellectual or esoteric, or might say that Christianity by its very nature doesn't allow being forced into some set of How to a 5 paragraph in 30 philosophical ideas. Sociology. It's true that one can present an overly philosophical picture of Christianity, one that makes it seem very remote from write a 5 paragraph minutes, real life. But does that invalidate the cognitive element? Note that the apostle Paul had no problem with considering the rational aspect of the faith. There must be knowledge of Christianity in order to live it out. Read Eph. 1:17,18.

In Colossians we see how Paul gave his readers intellectual grounds for rejecting the philosophy of the day (cf. 1:9ff). There are a couple of reasons for thinking of Christianity in world view terms. Over a hundred years ago church historian James Orr called for such a perspective because first, Christianity does involve a lot of interconnected beliefs which cannot be picked and chosen in a cafeteria-style fashion. He says, He who with his whole heart believes in Jesus as the Son of Apa essays God is thereby committed to write a 5 in 30, much else besides. He is committed to a view of God, to a view of Custom write my paper sociology man, to a view of sin, to a view of Redemption, to a view of the purpose of a 5 paragraph essay in 30 minutes God in creation and history, to a view of human destiny, found only in Christianity. This forms a 'Weltanschauung,' or 'Christian view of the admissions essay, world,' which stands in marked contrast with theories wrought out from a purely philosophical or scientific standpoint. Christianity, thus, by its nature forms a worldview. Second, Orr says, since Christianity as a whole is under attack, it must be defended as a whole; not just as individual doctrines but the whole concept of How to write a 5 paragraph minutes supernatural, revealed religion. The opposition which Christianity has to encounter, says Orr, is no longer confined to special doctrines or to points of supposed conflict with the natural sciences--for example, the relations of Genesis and geology--but extends to Apa essays, the whole manner of conceiving of the How to write paragraph in 30, world and of man's place in it, the manner of conceiving of the entire system of things, natural and moral, of which we form a part. How shall we evaluate a worldview?

We have every right to expect that a true description of reality will be rational, be supported by evidence, provide the widest explanation for all of reality, and accord with human experience. Apa Essays. Regarding its rational nature, it must both not contradict itself and be coherent as a system. Regarding evidence, it must not only paragraph in 30 be consistent with and explain the facts of nature and Help with your japanese history, but it must give an adequate explanation for special occurrences in history (I'm thinking here specifically of the person and work of Jesus, including His life, death, and resurrection). A worldview answers the why question in a 5 essay in 30 minutes its ability to explain what we see around and within ourselves. Regarding human experience, it must both explain what we know of homework ourselves and answer our deepest longings and aspirations. Furthermore, we should not be surprised at write essay in 30 supernatural elements such as miracles and prophecies, and reports of write such should withstand investigation as far as we're able. Finally any truths revealed which couldn't be known otherwise--even though transcending what we can know on our own and being difficult to understand--should not conclusively contradict what we know in the range of human experience. Let's turn now to a consideration of our four worldviews.

Several factors were involved in this transition. One was the paragraph essay in 30 minutes, flowering of science, specifically Newtonian physics, which supposedly gave a rational, orderly explanation of the world, thereby removing the mysterious, supernatural elements. Help Your Japanese. Another factor was the religious wars a century or two before which had a souring effect on people's attitudes about organized religion. Finally, there was a growing awareness of other peoples and religions which made Christianity seem provincial rather than universal. Divine law gave way to natural law. Now there was revealed religion coming from God, and How to paragraph in 30 minutes natural religion discovered in nature. And natural religion, believed to be neutral and Law school admissions universal, became the norm for How to paragraph in 30 what could be accepted as true revealed religion. How was it that deists retained belief in God? According to one writer, the Newtonian view of the cosmos seemed to Custom, demand a God; the How to a 5 in 30, intricate order of the universe suggested an intelligent designer.

In fact, this made God seem bigger than ever. Apa Essays. However, God was removed from an active part in human affairs. His transcendence was emphasized at the expense of His immanence. Also, although God was the author of a 5 paragraph essay in 30 natural law, He receded behind the paper writing an introduction, battery of secondary causes with which men have daily to do. God was seen as too big to be involved in the trivial experiences of man's life. There was no real concern on God's part for the details of our lives and no divine purpose in history. Write Essay In 30. Knowledge of God was emptied of most of its concrete religious connotations.

Contrasted with Christian Theism. Second, deists saw man as just a part of the clockwork universe, operating according to strict laws. While man was recognized as a creation of God and made in His image, he wasn't seen as essentially a sinner. Essay Boise District. Gone was the sense of the paragraph minutes, drama of human interaction with God over concerns about sin and grace and judgment. Man was now in charge of himself.

However, he was not truly free for man was locked in Technology case design the natural system of cause and effect. Third, because the world was not seen as fallen, but rather as God created it to be, the natural order reflected what was good and right. As Pope said, One truth is clear, whatever is, is How to a 5 paragraph in 30, right. Not every deist went this far, however. Ethics was very important to deists; they didn't turn morality over to the subjective realm. But wrongdoing wasn't against God so much as against some abstract ethical principles discernible in nature. However, the halfway position of deism made it incapable of standing as a serious worldview for very long. Deists believed they knew things about God, but they were limited to empirical knowledge; that is, knowledge obtained through nature. If we only gain knowledge from Essay boise, nature, we cannot see the whole picture, and there are certainly things about God which can't be known unless He tells us (which is what revelation is). Write Paragraph In 30. It would seem that they were presupposing certain things about God learned from special revelation without giving credit where it was due. Thus, one needed to either keep God in the picture and acknowledge His significance, or remove Him altogether.

The latter was the Apa essays, response of write a 5 essay naturalism. Since that worldview was considered in the previous article, we'll move next to nihilism, a frame of mind growing out of naturalism. Now that God was pushed to the edge of human experience, why not remove Him altogether? He had lost all practical value; why believe in Him at all? Thus was ushered in naturalism, the Apa essays, belief that there is only one order of existence and How to paragraph essay that is nature; there is no supernatural order. This view was discussed in Essay editing school the earlier article, so I won't develop it here. Many, however, didn't see the write paragraph essay, clear benefits of this freedom.

Naturalism produced an emptiness it couldn't fill. Sociology. Are we really just another stage of evolutionary development? Is this present reality all there is? Is there no permanent, transcendent value in How to a 5 essay in 30 the universe? The worldview--or perhaps we should say, mindset-- which emerged was nihilism . Nihilism isn't really a philosophy because it doesn't present any kind of a systematic conception of the world. It is admissions essay, more anti-philosophy than philosophy because it is essentially denial--denial of How to a 5 paragraph in 30 real value in anything. There is no real right and wrong, no beauty, no knowledge, etc.

A name very often associated with nihilism is that of Friedrich Nietzsche, the 19th century philosopher. Having decided that God was dead, Nietzsche saw that with God's death went the high values of Western man which were based upon belief in Term paper God. He also recognized the loss of freedom which this loss entailed. That we are just the natural products of evolution, just materialistic bodies and minds means that there is no real freedom at all. We are determined parts of a determined universe. Another explanation for How to write a 5 paragraph in 30 the rise of Custom sociology nihilism brings in the social and political elements. After going through many isms this century, many people have decided that one simply cannot put one's confidence in any of them, so they simply adopt a basic pragmatism, the idea that workability is all that matters. German theologian Helmut Thielicke made this comment:

In a world that is saturated and infested with pragmatism, the question inevitably arises whether everything is not pseudo, whether everything is not--at best--a productive lie, and write paragraph essay in 30 thus whether at the tail end of this parade of idols there is Nothing , a Nothing which is always dressed up in some new ideology, but still nothing but nothingness. James Sire mentions Breath , a play by Custom write my paper Samuel Beckett, as a prime example of nihilism in theater. There are no actors, just a pile of write a 5 paragraph minutes rubbish on japanese the stage. The light on the stage dims, then brightens, then dims again. There are no words, only How to a 5 in 30 minutes a 'recorded' cry opening the play, an inhaled breath, an exhaled breath and an identical 'recorded' cry closing the play.

For Beckett life is such a 'breath.' Nihilism, then, is Custom write, a philosophy of loss; those who toy with it as a trendy worldview either don't understand it or haven't tried to. As one writer said, Nietzsche replaces easy-going atheism with agonized atheism. Contrasted with Christian Theism. But all this is to say what the nihilist already knows! Sincere nihilists haven't just adopted this worldview because they like to be trendy. How To Write A 5 Paragraph Minutes. They are simply reflecting back in their words the way they see the world, and Essay editing symbols boise they grieve over it.

How can we respond to nihilism? We can start out by pointing out the a 5 essay minutes, existential inconsistencies nihilists exhibit. For one thing, although they say there is no meaning to Apa essays, anything, they indicate what they think is meaningful by the time and effort they put into various activities. The art of nihilism, such as Dada , for How to a 5 paragraph essay in 30 example, attempts to Essay editing symbols school, say something; it is purported to have meaning . Paragraph. If it doesn't mean anything, it can't convey the image of the essay, world nihilism wants to reveal. Second, all their assertions about meaninglessness are supposed to be statements about the way the world is . But if there is How to a 5 paragraph essay, no knowledge, nihilists can't know the way the world is. Third, it simply flies in the face of everything our being seems to require--meaning, value and homework japanese dignity being three examples. Very few people can live out How to write paragraph in 30, a completely nihilistic worldview. The most thoroughgoing cynics will apply themselves to something --even if it's small--which they consider meaningful, even if it is paper writing an introduction, crying out against the meaninglessness of life.

To feel the despair of the loss of in 30 meaning and value indicates that one really wants such things. What can the Custom sociology, nihilist do? He can take his life so he doesn't have to How to a 5 in 30, face such an absurd world. He can keep on living but keep his philosophy of no value and his life of value-seeking separate. Or he can look for case design something to give life value and write paragraph in 30 minutes meaning. In existentialism we find a worldview which seeks to find meaning in an absurd universe. Help With Your Homework Japanese. To that we now turn. Existentialism is How to in 30, a worldview (or really a collection of symbols boise school worldviews) which holds, in essence, that our choices determine what we are. We create our own meaning and value. How To Write A 5 Paragraph Essay In 30 Minutes. Existence precedes essence , it is Help, said. What we do, the choices we make, determine our essence.

Existentialists, thus, seek to create their own meaning in a meaningless world. (I should note here that there are theistic and atheistic forms of existentialism. Here we will only consider the atheistic variety.) The real problem, they thought, was a false understanding of the human condition itself which kept people from true happiness. We are alone in a vast and scary universe that doesn't care a whit about us. This realization produces anguish, an interplay between a sense of dread on one hand and the exhilaration of complete freedom on the other. We don't know why we exist or what our destiny is; we aren't told where we come from or given the value of anything. It is all up to us--to me --to decide.

Even though I can have no confidence that the universe will suit itself to write a 5 paragraph essay, my ideas and write desires, I must do something--I must act. I am condemned to make of myself whatever I can. And to be authentic I must be true to myself and my own chosen values above all. Existentialism, then, is How to paragraph essay minutes, first of all a theory of value. It focuses on the human condition and what makes for a good life. This has made it popular with many who are sensitive to the plight of humanity living in a very impersonal world. Existentialism proved to be very attractive in this country in the '60s. Law School. It gave individuals the freedom to toss aside convention and How to minutes tradition and make their own rules.

We see traces of it in the prevalent notion that we, individually, are the essay, final authorities for value in write paragraph essay in 30 our own lives, in our emphasis on experience over reason, in our live-for-the moment attitude. The theme of turning one's back on traditional morality in favor of determining one's own life was seen in the movie Pleasantville, the story of two young people who are transported into the world of Essay Pleasantville, a black and How to essay white TV show. Their lives only turn into your japanese, color when they begin to write paragraph essay in 30 minutes, express their sexuality. The girl eventually finds herself in the healthy area of academics, but this is a choice she alone makes; she is in charge of her own existence. Contrasted with Christian Theism. There's nothing wrong with taking note of our predicament, with noting the dangers to Apa essays, life, and with being resolved to write paragraph, stand firm in the face of a seemingly absurd world.

The problems come with believing we are all alone, and that the burden of our lives rests upon us. God has taken on the burden of our present and future lives. We aren't on Custom my paper our own. With existentialism there is no basis for judging actions or for making the major decisions of write a 5 in 30 minutes life beyond the simple affirmation, I choose it. It is admissions essay, rather easy for us to consider the worldviews already discussed from How to write a 5 minutes, a distance.

Probably few who read this article are deists or nihilists or even existentialists. These can be safely tucked away in the cupboard of tried and forgotten worldviews by most of us (even though many of us can find elements of one or another in Law school admissions our own thinking). Write A 5 In 30 Minutes. The situation is quite different with respect to postmodernism, the last worldview we'll consider, because it describes the basic mindset of turn-of-the-century Western mankind. We are all immersed in the sea of Help with homework postmodernism whether we know it or not, and its presuppositions are rooted so deeply in our thinking that even those who are Christians often reveal postmodern attitudes. Postmodernists believe that when knowledge was reduced to computation, something was lost. There were several problems with Enlightenment rationalism. First, newfound knowledge gained through science and the resulting development of technology led people to think that man could solve the major difficulties of life without any transcendent help.

It was found, however, that reason didn't have the potency it was thought to have. With all our learning and How to essay in 30 minutes technology, we still didn't have the power we desired over our lives. Natural disasters and major wars such as the two World Wars in Help with homework japanese this century made people realize that we aren't able to How to a 5 essay, fix everything that ailed us simply through reason. These and other factors such as new mysteries discovered by Help your homework science served to undermine our ability to really know what is true. In fact, postmodernists veer away from the How to a 5 paragraph minutes, classical understanding of truth, that is, the correspondence of propositions with external reality. Some very influential postmodernists now espouse pragmatism, the belief that workability is all that can be hoped for. This, I would venture to say, is how many if not most Americans think today. Another postmodern characteristic regarding truth is Custom my paper, this. In keeping with its rejection of the individualistic attitude characteristic of modernism, postmodernism holds that truth isn't found in the workings of the a 5 paragraph, individual mind, but in the group. As one writer noted, Truth consists in the ground rules that facilitate personal well-being in community and the well-being of the community as a whole.

Our thinking like all other aspects of our being is shaped by our community. Politically and sociologically this means, for editing example, that the individual is expected to conform in his or her thinking to that of the larger group. Still another problem which resulted from the secularized nature of write paragraph minutes knowledge and Term paper an introduction from the How to essay minutes, loss of confidence in knowing truth in general was the loss of the knowledge of ultimate truths. There can be no totalising metanarratives, that is, no big stories or explanations of the way things are which encompass everything. This can be both liberating and frightening: liberating in the sense that one needn't feel bound by case study design any system of a 5 essay in 30 minutes thought; frightening in the sense that we are in the dark about what is true. This is a bit like eating in a cafeteria where one can choose from homework, a variety of How to write a 5 paragraph in 30 minutes foods without having any confidence in the nourishing value of any of it. A second problem with Enlightenment rationalism was the separation of fact from value.

The mathematical mindset of Enlightenment didn't permit the intrusion of judgments about value; that was something separate. What grounds were left, then, upon which to make judgments? Thus the ethical dilemma of postmodernism: How does one make judgments without having any grounds for judgment? One writer argues that the Holocaust itself was a model of Enlightenment thinking. In the world of the death camps, says author Thomas Docherty, everything was rationalized. There was the desire to Essay editing symbols school, master nature seen in determining which races and kinds of essay people should survive and which shouldn't. Law School Admissions. The process was very orderly and efficient. The tools of technology, also, were used efficiently to advance the Nazi cause.

They even used reason as their greatest ally in accomplishing their goals. Thus, the How to write a 5 paragraph minutes, ideals of Enlightenment rationalism could be put to fundamentally evil purposes. Third, with the secularization of Apa essays reason in the Enlightenment there developed a growing pessimism about the How to a 5 paragraph essay in 30 minutes, future. With no transcendent Being to consult, who was to know where history was going? And who was to essay, say whether the direction being taken was truly progress ? No longer do we know with any certainty the write essay minutes, point towards which history is paper writing reviews, supposedly progressing, says Docherty. Paragraph Essay In 30. Humanity has embarked upon a secular movement whose teleology is uncertain.

Postmodernism, then, leaves us without knowledge of ultimate truths, with no basis for value judgement, and with no basis for confidence in the future. In general, then, the Technology, postmodern mood is pessimistic. How, then, do we know what we should believe and do? With no knowledge of why we're here or where we're going to How to essay in 30, guide us, and no grounds for determining value coming from some transcendent source, people have grown to admissions, believe that we must simply choose for ourselves what will be true for us. The will is now introduced into knowledge.

The questions postmodernists ask are: What do I choose to believe? and What do I choose to do? The postmodern mindset has shown itself in several areas of life. One is a change in understanding language. Language is now thought to be socially constructed; it conveys what the a 5 in 30, group says it does. Literature, then, is understood as reflecting the biases of with homework a writer and his cultural group: the writer was obviously saying what would benefit himself or his group. It's up to the reader, then to deconstruct the text to find the real meaning. Since the writer is trying to How to write minutes, perpetuate his will on the reader, the reader adopts a suspicious mindset and looks for political demons behind every tree. Since the meaning of a text is determined by the reader, a text can have as many interpretations as readers.

In art, there was a move to the abstract, because it was thought that we couldn't accurately represent the essence of whatever the object is being painted, for instance. Essay. Those things which couldn't be represented accurately had to be presented abstractly. Also, since there are no rules anymore in general, there are none which define or delimit good art. The artist discovers what she's doing as she does it. Architecture was one of the first areas in which postmodernism showed its face. With the demise of a modernism which always looked to the future, and, again, the loss of any rules, architecture moved from a functionalistic, forward-looking style to an eclectic style. Old buildings are restored, since the past can be appreciated, too. Several different styles can be mixed together.

As one writer said, postmodern design is write paragraph in 30, historically and write my paper stylistically pluralistic. Earlier I spoke of the How to write a 5 paragraph essay in 30 minutes, fact that even Christians espouse postmodern beliefs without realizing it. It is so much a part of the thinking of young people today that even some in the church accept without even thinking about it a true for you but not for me mindset. A young woman who taught high school Sunday School at write my paper an evangelical Baptist church in write a 5 paragraph Dallas told a newspaper reporter that she believed what the Apa essays, Bible taught, but that it wasn't necessarily true for everyone. Perhaps she doesn't understand the claims of Scripture, but more likely she has fit Christianity into How to write in 30 minutes, the framework of my truth, your truth. Contrasted with Christian Theism. As I've noted, postmodernism is a mood rather than a full-fledged worldview. Something must fill the vacuum created by the demise of modernism. This is what excites some Christian thinkers. For now the door blocking out the supernatural has been thrown open, providing an avenue for Christians to announce the good news that in Christ is found truth, value, and hope for Custom my paper sociology the future, indeed, for all the human race. James W. How To A 5 Essay. Sire's The Universe Next Door (3rd ed., InterVarsity Press, 1997), has provided an almost indispensable guide in Custom my paper sociology understanding worldviews.

The choice of views considered in this program were taken from this text. James Orr, The Christian View of paragraph in 30 God and the World (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1948), 3. Orr, 6,7. Essay Editing Boise School. [I pray] that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of How to write a 5 paragraph essay minutes glory, may give to you a spirit of wisdom and of revelation in the knowledge of Him. Case. I pray that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened, so that you may know what is the hope of His calling, what are the riches of the write paragraph essay minutes, glory of His inheritance in the saints. Apa Essays. Orr, 4. Ibid., 4. Waring, v-viii. How To A 5 Paragraph Essay. Ibid., x. Ibid., xiii. Ibid., xiii. Sire, 44. Ibid., 46. Quoted in Sire, 48.

Thielicke, 25. Custom Write My Paper. Ibid., 29. Sire, 76. Bloom, quoted in Sire, 93. Robert C. Write Paragraph. Solomon, ed., Existentialism (New York: The Modern Library, 1974), ix. Published in English by the University of Minnesota Press, 1984. Docherty, 1,2.

One theologian of Technology study design our day sees modernism as having ended on July 15, 1972 when a housing project based upon write a 5 paragraph essay modernistic principles of functionality was demolished. Still another marks its demise with the collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989. Cf. Gene Edward Veith, Postmodern Times: A Christian Guide to Contemporary Thought and Culture (Wheaton, IL; 1994), 27,39. Perhaps this wide time span points to the way philosophies can take years to come to fruition in the public sphere. Thomas Docherty, ed., Postmodernism: A Reader (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1993), 5. Docherty, 5. Stanley J. Technology Case Design. Grenz, A Primer on Postmodernism (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996), 14. For more on this the reader might wish to consult my article Where Did I Go?: The Loss of the Self in Postmodern Times. Docherty, 26. Ibid., 12,13. Ibid., 10.

Ibid., 6. How To A 5 Paragraph Minutes. Veith, 114. Mary A. Jacobs, Truths Under Construction, Dallas Morning News , 31 May, 1997. Another major difference is over the matter of human nature and identity. In postmodern thought, the self is lost, whereas Christian theology sees us as distinct individuals with permanent identities (even though we might experience changes in our personalities, vocations, lifestyles, etc.).

Do We Underline Movies In An Essay. With a staff of over 2,000 American writers and customers in over 45 countries, Ultius is the global leader in writing, editing, and write a 5 paragraph in 30, business writing solutions. Your Deadline, Our Priority. This company is not bad. They have written 5 essays for me. I would say 4 out of 5 was well written. They get my papers back in a timely manner for the most part. The revision is the problem. You can get your paper revised but it will usually run after your due date so you find yourself doing some editing. The priceS are pretty standard. I trust these guys and plan on using them when I need to meet a dead line but may have my hands too full.

Levitria B. reviewed Ultius on Term Jan 26, 2015 via SiteJabber Click to see the original review on an external website. ? Learn more about our commitment to How to write a 5 essay in 30, verified reviews. Why choose Ultius when buying essays? Ultius deeply understands your frustration when it comes to buying essays for reference use. There are a million options but only a few of them are reputable. While many other service options fail to admissions, offer reliable support and hire writers from foreign countries, Ultius is refreshingly different. Since 2010, our platform has been connecting customers with an expert selection of essay writers that are credible and internally verified as being native English speakers. When purchasing essays for model use, we offer free amenities to ensure that your experience is satisfactory. From free revisions, editorial review of your final sample, robust security to originality scans, we have all the tools to help you get the minutes best purchased essay. We also offer an unmatched level of convenience through a mobile-friendly site, time saving features and a commitment to your deadline. Finally, the Ultius difference truly comes from study, our strong base of American writers as well as the fact that our service is trusted, reviewed and verified. Free Amenities When You Buy Essays.

With any model essay purchase, you receive various amenities that are free of charge. Our free revision policy allows you to make changes and modifications after the order is How to write a 5 paragraph minutes completed. Your Homework. That’s right - if you’re not happy, we will gladly work through your feedback to make sure we get your original instructions right. Plus, Ultius employs a 24/7 staff of dedicated editors to make sure that your final order is essay in 30 minutes reviewed internally before we send it out. Law School Essay. This internal review includes a free Copyscape originality scan to make sure that it is 100% original. If it doesn’t pass, we don’t send it out. Ultius is also proud to offer an extremely convenient user experience and How to a 5 essay in 30, process when you are buying essays. Our platform is mobile and tablet friendly so that you can place, manage and review orders on the go.

The interface is designed for your device and ensures you never miss a beat. Our support team is also available 24/7 via text, email, live chat and Custom write my paper sociology, phone. How To Essay In 30. With us, you will never get stuck without on-demand help. The process is Term reviews an introduction also designed to write paragraph in 30, be quick and simple: The Essay Ordering Process Input the sample order details; Confirm your instructions are accurate; Finalize payment using PayPal or any major debit/credit card. It’s that simple. American Essay Writers and Top Quality. Our commitment to having talented writers is the staple of our platform.

While lots of other sample writing services hire foreign writers, we only Apa essays, hire Americans that are native speakers. How To A 5 Paragraph In 30 Minutes. In fact, our hiring selection process is so thorough and rigorous that less than 3% of all applicants end up getting hired. We assure you that our writing staff is tried, tested and Law school admissions essay, subject to continuous improvement. Writer Stats Fluent in hundreds of essay subjects; Trained in all modern citation styles: MLA, APA, CMS, Turabian and others; Topic specialists for your discipline. Our commitment to quality would not be complete without the fact that all orders get thoroughly reviewed by editors first. Essay writing services from Ultius are trusted, reviewed and a 5, verified. Turn to trusted third parties like the BBB and SiteJabber and you will see hundreds of verified reviews from customers like yourself who bought essays. We are accredited with the Better Business Bureau and have an “A+” rating. Apa Essays. Even if your order goes awry, we have a strong track record of resolving issues and How to a 5 minutes, making things right. To protect you further, we use McAfee secure to case study, scan our site on a daily basis.

This helps protect your private information. Ultius is the global leader in consumer writing services because we believe in How to write a 5 paragraph minutes, doing things a bit differently. Benefits of Buying Essays from Ultius. If you came to this page, it means you are looking for Help homework, help with completing your essay. While you considering whether to buy essays, it’s a good idea to consider the benefits of using a custom sample writing service like Ultius. How To Write Paragraph Essay. Our model services can surely give you a strong advantage when it comes to completing your own work. Consider the editing symbols boise district fact that our service will save you precious time. Extra time will allow you to focus on other important things. By having a clear model to guide you, you will know where to focus on How to paragraph minutes in terms of Apa essays direction, sources, organization and general clarity. Getting expert help is another strong benefit.

Most colleges and universities even have dedicated writing help labs on essay campus for you. Our platform connects you in a digital environment where you will have access to experts you won’t find locally. Finally, utilizing third-party by buying essay guidance will benefit your future for the better. At Ultius, our tagline is “on your schedule.” However, it’s not just a tagline, it’s also our promise to you. We deeply understand how important time management is for busy individuals. We also understand how beneficial it can be when you use trusted services to Apa essays, help you get more out of your day. When you use model writing services from Ultius, we save you time by doing the heavy lifting. Not only do we take the time to How to write paragraph, digest and translate your instructions into a final sample, but we also provide insight into Apa essays how the work should be done in terms of How to paragraph essay sources, addressing the core question and properly citing the required sources. Another great benefit is the final outcome you will get on your essay once you get expert sample writing help.

Each and every one of Law school admissions essay our writers, editors and support team members are trained in write, their craft to make sure that you get a positive outcome. You can spend days and design, even weeks finding an expert essay writer in your field through Craigslist or your local campus. But those channels are not secure and proven to connect you with the writer you need, right now. Everyone needs expert help and our writers are trained veterans in the craft ready to assist you after you have made your sample essay purchase decision. Using Ultius to help you with your essay writing is not only convenient, but it also leads to better outcomes. How To Write Paragraph Essay Minutes. Customers who buy essay model services are more ready than ever to complete the toughest essays. With the help we provide, the outcomes lead to stronger grades, punctual graduation and even strong job placement as a result of a better GPA.

But more importantly, it leads to editing symbols district, the satisfaction of knowing that you utilized all of your available resources and paragraph essay, options for Custom my paper sociology, the most important projects you have to work on. Write Essay Minutes. Invest in your future by investing in Apa essays, Ultius to help you with a sample essay. Ready to get started? Professional American writer. Write Essay. Ordering takes five minutes.

Purchased Essay Samples and Example Work. Before you buy essays from Ultius, make sure to japanese, carefully review other sample essays we have written in the past. Like any service offered by a company, it’s a good idea to “trust but verify.” For example, you probably tested out the computer or mobile device you are reading this on. You should do the How to paragraph essay same for our service. For that reason, Ultius is Law school admissions happy to offer examples of the work that we can produce for write essay in 30, you. With. Listed below are some samples we have previously written on How to write a 5 essay minutes our blog. The only write, difference is that these are published for a 5 essay, the web and yours would not be.

Help and Resources - Even if You're Not Purchasing an Essay. Even if you are not interested in buying an essay from Ultius, we have many additional guides and Apa essays, resources to help you construct your own. You can utilize our writing expertise and acumen to find out How to write a 5 paragraph minutes, what a good end-product is supposed to look like and how to produce it. My Paper. We have taken the liberty of condensing our detailed Ultius essay help section to a 5 minutes, give you a glimpse of the essay writing process. Additionally, we are happy to share our quality tools and Essay symbols boise district, best practices to make sure that you have everything you need to guide you through the a 5 in 30 minutes entire audit process. Over the Custom my paper years, Ultius has worked with customers who bought essay samples and relentlessly studied essay preparation to determine what few key characteristics generally result in the completion of a successful essay. No matter what type of essay it is paragraph in 30 or the subject matter, the study design items listed below are considered best practices that must be followed. How To Write A 5 Essay. Pay close attention to the recommendations and you will be well on your way to admissions, success, even if you don't buy essays for How to write minutes, sample use from Custom write sociology, us. The Thesis - The Foundation of a Great Essay. The thesis statement, from the first to last sentence, must be airtight.

The primary argument has to How to write essay minutes, come from a solid base. Law School Essay. If there is a specific question that needs to be answered, the thesis statement must address it within the conclusion of the first paragraph. Also, the essay thesis needs to be a plan of attack for what the body paragraphs are going to How to write minutes, be about. Click here for Term writing reviews, more information on writing strong thesis statements. Good writers know that attention to How to a 5 paragraph essay minutes, detail is as must.

Plus, your professor will expect it. Make sure to clearly read the instructions (all of them) and Apa essays, clarify by asking questions. For example, some common things to look out for include: (ii) Required number of sources; (iii) Essay type (argumentative, comparative, narrative…etc); Thoroughly read the original essay instructions and write a 5 essay in 30, make a plan before even starting to Term an introduction, write.

Strong Organization = Well-Written Essay. The structure of an essay can really make it or break it for you. Make sure that you have strong opening and paragraph essay, closing paragraphs and body content that supports your original thesis. The introduction should funnel down to your thesis and narrow down the specific argument you want to make. Body paragraphs must have strong topic sentences and reference credible sources appropriately using the right citation style.

Finally, conclusions should not introduce new information and Help with your homework japanese, must recap the main essay points that you presented previously. Adherence to Citation Style Guidelines. Finally, make sure to properly style your prepared essay in the appropriate citation style. For example, APA style has strict guidelines for write, cover pages and Law school, running heads while Chicago and Turabian require either footnotes or endnotes. Write A 5 In 30. Knowing how to cite properly and Law school admissions essay, format things accordingly can be worth upwards of twenty percent of your entire grade. Following the formatting rules is an easy win, but you have to take the time to do it right. Also, always remember to credit another author’s work and don’t call it your own, especially if you bought an essay online.

While writing good essays is time consuming and tedious, it all comes down to following best practices and being diligent. Our writers follow a clear methodology that is both practical and efficient for getting the best possible outcome. Write A 5 Paragraph In 30. First, make sure to select a good topic that you can write easily about and make sure you can find scholarly materials about it. Next, take some time to plan and make an outline based around a clear thesis statement. Proceed to write the body while adhering to strict rules for paragraphs and sociology, inclusion of references. Finally, complete your references page and review the draft before submission using quality audit tools.

Here, we recommend the same tools that we use if you were to How to paragraph in 30, purchase an essay model from us. Essay Topic Selection and Research. Strong topic selection is an your homework japanese important first step. If possible, pick a topic that has lots of essay in 30 minutes available research materials or aligns with items you are studying in other classes. With Homework Japanese. Try to avoid current events as there may be a lack of available research materials. Sample Essay Topics. Death penalty Abortion rights Gun rights Gender inequality. When doing academic research, only trust reputable sources like JSTOR, Google Scholar, your campus library or academic search engines you have access to. Lastly, collect the sources that you need first and go through them thoroughly. Now that you have picked a topic and write a 5 minutes, collected some credible sources, it’s time to make a plan.

Start by sociology, identifying common assumptions about the topic and find common themes. For example, if exploring the causes of poverty, you will inevitably find out that governments are the ones that control lots of food production and allocation to the people. Once you have enough evidence to support a general theme, construct a thesis statement and make an How to paragraph essay minutes outline of the Help with your homework japanese core items that support that assertion. If you don't think this step is necessary, just remember that our writers are trained to follow this process on all purchased sample essay orders. You are ready to start writing. Start with an introductory paragraph that funnels down from a broad issue to a specific time and place. How To Write A 5 Minutes. Provide background details as necessary. Then, conclude the Help homework introduction with your thesis statement.

Body paragraphs should be 5-7 sentences long and How to write a 5 paragraph essay minutes, start with a topic sentence. Always introduce your quotes and avoid “dropping them” without context. Finish with a conclusion that recaps each main point and Essay district, make sure not to introduce any new information. Essay References and How to a 5, Final Review. Finally, construct your works cited page using the right citation style guide. Depending on the format, you may also need a title page. Review your final essay by reading it out loud and make sure you addressed your original instructions! You should use EasyBib to Help, quickly build citations in How to a 5 in 30 minutes, almost any format. Have a friend, teacher or trusted essay editing service review your final draft to study, make sure it is done properly (if you didn't already buy an essay).

References and Considerations Before Buying an Essay. While the write paragraph essay in 30 minutes previous section described summarized steps towards writing an essay, consider going through our extended 14-Step Essay Writing Guide for Apa essays, a more thorough look at each section. It also includes template that you can download as well as color-coded visual aids. You can also learn about and write minutes, see examples of essay related terms in our extensive glossary section. Whether you choose to use Ultius for buying essays online or not, we hope that our extensive walkthroughs have helped you in your journey to admissions essay, finding essay help. Not what you're looking for or not convinced? The links below may help. Search hundreds of services. Click to Verify. Ultius is proud to have strong verified reviews from How to write a 5 essay, different review vendors.

Last updated on 16 January 2017 . With every order, you can count on the following: Delivered on time 100% original Free revisions Awesome 24/7 support World-class writers. Every order comes with these free features: 275 Words Per Page Free Title Page Free Bibliography Free Revisions American Writers Plagiarism Scan. Connect with a professional writer by placing your first order. The entire order process takes roughly five minutes and we usually match you with a writer within a few hours. Enter code newcust during checkout and save money on your first order.

Have more questions? Get in touch with us or explore common questions. Ultius provides an online platform where we connect you with a freelance writer for sample writing, editing and business writing services. The company encourages and Term writing an introduction, expects fair use of our services. Here are the guidelines. Order Revisions i. The company offers free revisions, but there are some limitations like the deadline and whether we met the How to write a 5 paragraph minutes original instructions.

Sample Writing ii. Custom sample services are for model and reference use only. When referencing our work, you must use a proper citation. i Revisions are offered within seven (7) days of a completed order and are free with a three-day deadline. For earlier deadlines and Essay editing symbols boise school district, general changes to core instructions, costs may apply. Explore the full Revision Policy. ii The company does not condone plagiarism, copyright infringement or any form of academic dishonesty.

All provided sample services must only be used for reference purposes while being cited properly. Please read the How to write a 5 essay minutes Fair Use Policy. Ultius is the trusted provider of content solutions for consumers around the your world. Write Paragraph Essay In 30 Minutes. Connect with great American writers and get 24/7 support. Ultius is accredited with the Better Business Bureau and has an A+ rating.

© 2017 Ultius, Inc. Before we chat, please tell us a bit about yourself.