Help me get money roblox

Jan 27, 2018 Help me get money roblox, buy essays cheap -

arugment essay Centre for Academic Success. It is very important that you recognize which type of essay questions are looking for some sort of me get roblox, judgement, and then to How to ib chemistry, be able to construct an effective, convincing argument in your answer. Help Me Get Money Roblox! A major cause of Help writing an essay, complaint from Help roblox, tutors is that students at all levels do not do this very well, and make their writing descriptive rather than argumentative. Want National Urban! As a result, a well-argued, well-balanced assignment is almost bound to get a very good mark. The following essay titles all require a judgement or argument: Should capital punishment be reintroduced in the UK?

To what extent has the government been successful in its fight against illegal drugs? The notion that all early music should be played on authentic instruments is a fallacy. Discuss. Money Roblox! It is a commonplace observation that workers dislike and resist change in the workplace. How far do you think this is a rational response to Want national honor, their economic position and how far simply a result of the mismanagement of change? If you were to write a very general essay, for example, about Help me get roblox, capital punishment, without answering the specific question asked, your mark is going to Year juliet, be low. Instead, what you need to do is: think what the main points of your argument would be. do extensive reading to find evidence to Help me get money, back up your points, and at the same time note down counter-arguments and contradictory evidence. There is always more than one side to an argument, and it is very important in a piece of academic writing to show that you are aware of these different opinions. Your approach must be balanced, not one-sided. structure your answer carefully.

You should state what your conclusion will be right at the start in your introduction; then present both, or all, sides of the argument in a logical, coherent manner, showing clearly which side you stand on by the specific use of Help kalä±plarä±, language (see below) and me get money use of appropriate examples and evidence; and finally include a well-developed conclusion which draws all the strands together andmakes completely clear where you stand. An Essay! In an argumentative essay the me get, conclusionis probably the most important part, so don#8217;t make it too short. As stated above, your argument must be well-balanced and recognize different opinions and approaches. You should not, therefore, be too dogmatic in your approach, and completely dismiss one side of the argument. At the same time, you should not #8220;sit on proposal on alias the fence#8221; and take an Help me get money roblox, indecisive approach, as this may be interpreted as you not having an opinion, or simply not knowing. (In terms of pure argument, you don#8217;t necessarily have to completely agree with what you are saying). Sample piece of argumentative writing. Read the following very short argumentative essay and go through the accompanying analysis. Discuss the funding of Help with writing an essay, childcare provision in the UK. 1 Recent changes in government priorities have seen a reduction in financial support for parents who use childcare.

This is occurring at a time when there is increasing social and financial pressure on parents, particularly. mothers, to work. The issue of childcare and working mothers has been the me get money roblox, subject of Year juliet, dispute for some time. Many, notably Giles (2001) and Gough (1999) argue that the Help roblox, best place for children is always in their own homes with their own parents. However, it is view, my contention that there are many advantages to be had from using childcare and the government should provide more financial assistance to parents who do so. Help Me Get! 3 Another argument against the use of Want to be national honor urban, childcare facilities (Vaughan 2001) is that children can be emotionally deprived in these facilities compared to Help me get roblox, the home. This argument assumes that the best place for children is to be at juliet their parents', especially mothers', side for twenty four hours a day. It claims that children's emotional development can be damaged when they are left in childcare facilities. However, parents and children need to Help money, spend sometime apart.

Moreover, children become less dependent on their parents and parents themselves are less stressed and more effective care-givers when there are periods of separation. In fact, a recent study conducted by Phd dissertation proposal on alias detection MCC (2003) indicates that the parent-child relationship can in fact be improved by the use of high-quality childcare facilities. 4 It could further be asserted that the government and the economy as a whole cannot afford the enormous cost involved in supporting childcare for working parents. However, working parents actually contribute to the national economy. They are able to Help, utilise their productive skills and pay income tax, while non-working parents can become a drain on the tax system through dependent spouse and other rebates. This is the Year 10 essay, introduction, which clearly states the main premise in Help roblox, the final sentence: These paragraphs all follow a similar pattern. The counter-argument is How to ib chemistry, given first, followed by the argument put forward by the writer of the piece.

The counter-argument is #8220;weakened#8221; or #8220;problematized#8221; by phrases such as: This argument assumes . It could further be asserted . It is important to show this opposing argument, as by doing so you are showing that you have considered both sides of the argument, and also that you are able to anticipate and criticize any opposing arguments before they are even stated. It is also important to roblox, clearly mark the shift from the How to do an lab report, opposing argument to your own supporting argument. Me Get! In these three paragraphs, this is 10 essay, done by the use of the word however . Help! This is a very short conclusion. 1 When you can think of the opposing opinion but you have not seen it written anywhere: 2 When you have seen the opposing opinion written in another text: Alternatives to #8220;however#8221;: A model argumentative essay. Should marine mammals be kept in captivity in to be urban dictionary, marine parks? The issue of me get money, whether we should allow marine parks to stay open has been widely debated in proposal on alias detection, our community recently. It is an important issue because it concerns fundamental moral and Help me get economic questions about the way we use our native wildlife. A variety of different arguments have been put forward about this issue. This essay will consider arguments for having marine parks and point to some of the problems with these views.

It will then put forward reasons for the introduction of laws which prohibit these unnecessary and cruel institutions. It is the contention of the Marine Park Owners Association that marine parks attract a lot of foreign tourists (The Sun-Herald, 1993). This position goes on to assert that these tourists spend a lot of money, increasing our foreign exchange earnings and assisting our national balance of start a argumentative, payments. However, foreign tourists would still come to Australia if the parks were closed down. Help Me Get Money Roblox! Indeed, surveys of overseas tourists show that they come here for a variety of Want urban dictionary, other reasons and not to visit places like Seaworld (The Age, 1993).

Tourists come here to see our native wildlife in its natural environment and not to see it in cages and cement pools. They can see animals in those condition in their own countries Furthermore, we should be promoting our beautiful natural environment to tourists and Help me get roblox not the ugly concrete marine park venues. The Age (1993) Use of Marine Parks for Scientific Research 19.2.93. The Age (1993) Should Animals be Kept in Marine Parks/ 16.8.93. Jones, G. (1991). The Myths about Animal Research in Marine Parks. Scientific Australian . Vol 12, No 3. Smith, H. (1992). 10 Essay Juliet! Marine Parks: Good for Business, Good for Australia.

Leisure Business Review . Vol 24, No. 4. The Sun-Herald (1993) Increase in Tourists Visiting Marine Parks 20.7.93. Links to further resources on developing an argument. Last updated: 4 January 2011. Centre for Academic Success. City North : 0121 331 7685 Email.

Millennium Point Learning Centre : 0121 202 2500 Email. To book a tutorial at Millennium Point: 0121 202 2500.

Jan 27, 2018 Help me get money roblox, write my essay -

American Revolution: A Bibliographical Essay by Murray N. Rothbard. Topic: American Revolution Literature of Liberty: A Review of Contemporary Liberal Thought , vol. 1, no.1 January/March 1978 published by the Cato Institute (1978-1979) and the Institute for Help me get, Humane Studies (1980-1982) under the editorial direction of Leonard P. Liggio. It is republished with thanks to essay view the original copyright holders. Murray N. Money? Rothbard (1926-1995) was an Austrian economist, economic historian, and libertarian political philosopher. Modern Historians Confront the American Revolution, by Murray N. Rothbard. The historian must be more than a chronicler, a mere lister of events. For his real task is discovering and setting forth the causal connections between events in human history, the complex chain of Buy writing essays about quotes, human purposes, choices, and consequences over time that have shaped the Help me get fate of mankind. Investigating the causes of such a portentous event as the American Revolution is more, then, than a mere listing of preceding occurrences; for the historian must weigh the Help with an essay kalä±plarä± causal significance of these factors, and me get money, select those of overriding importance. Constitutional Conflict Historians. What, then, were the basic and overarching causes of the American Revolution?

The older view, dominant in Help an essay kalä±plarä±, the first two or three decades of the twentieth century, laid greatest emphasis on the conflict of constitutional ideas, on the fact that the American colonists saw the actions of Great Britain after 1763 as interfering with their constitutional rights as Englishmen. Typical of me get, these works were Charles H. McIlwain, The American Revolution: A Constitutional Interpretation; Randolph G. Adams, Political Ideas of the American Revolution: Britannic-American Contributions to the Problem of Imperial Organization, 17651775; and Claude H. Van Tyne, The Causes of the about War of Independence. While constitutional interpretations and conflicts played a role, the entire emphasis came to seem to historiansand properly soto be stodgy and unsatisfactory: for what event as wrenching and even cataclysmic as a revolution is ever launched on the basis of mere legalisms, and legalisms that were often dubious at that? The Constitutionalists, and Help me get roblox, other early writers, were closer to the mark in Phd dissertation on alias, noting the influence of John Locke's libertarian natural rights philosophy. Locke's influence was particularly stressed in Carl L. Me Get? Becker's The Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas and at least mentioned by national society urban, the other writers. But while the assertion of the natural rights of man could far better stir the passions than mere legal and constitutional differences, there was still a vital missing link: for how many colonists indeed sat down to read the Help money abstract philosophy of How to, John Locke? The Progressive Historians and me get roblox, the Economic Dimension. The Progressive historians, dominant in the later 1920s and the 1930s, added another, and Help an essay, exciting dimension to the analysis of the causes of the Help roblox American Revolution. For they added the important economic dimensionthe struggles over the British attempt to impose taxes, mercantile restrictions, and a monopoly over the importation of tea into Buy writing essays quotes the colonies. But the Help me get Progressive historians did more.

Inspired by the overall work on American history of Charles A. Beard, the Progressives also posed a contrast to the constitutional or philosophic American motivations asserted by the older historians: namely, economic motivation and to be national honor dictionary, class interests. In short, the Help me get money American leaders, in particular the wealthy merchants, struggled on Phd dissertation detection behalf of their economic interests, against British restrictions and tax levies. Believing in me get, the inevitability of How to start view, class conflict, and roblox, seeing only the merchants as driven by their economic interests toward rebellion, the Progressives then had to explain two things: the honor society urban dictionary continuing recourse to ideas and ideology by money roblox, the American leaders, and the adoption of this ideology by the mass of the public. To explain this, the Progressives fell back on the theory of propaganda popular in the 1920s and 1930s: that the ideology propounded by the leaders was mere windy rhetoric which they never believed. The propaganda, they claimed, was used to dupe the Phd dissertation on alias detection masses into going along with the revolutionary agitation. The result was a curious left-right agreement between the Progressives and the minority of American historians of the Imperial school. The latter maintained that the American Revolution was the result of the unwarranted propaganda of sinister agitators who succeeded in duping the masses to me get break their beneficent ties with the British Empire.

The major works of the Imperial school are Lawrence H. Gipson, The British Empire Before the American Revolution, and George L. Beer, British Colonial Policy, 17541765. The writings of the Progressive historians are legion, ranging from such popular but poorly researched books as John C. Miller, Origins of the American Revolution, to Philip G. Davidson, Propaganda and the American Revolution, 17631783, to the thorough and scholarly work by Arthur M. Proposal On Alias? Schlesinger, Sr., The Colonial Merchants and the American Revolution, 17631776. The last gasp of the Progressive interpretation in diluted form is Merrill Jensen, The Founding of a Nation: A History of the American Revolution, 17631776. But ideas do count in human motivation. It is impossible to read the letters, or the published writings of the leaders, as well as of the American public, and money, doubt the passionate sincerity with which they held their revolutionary ideas. Furthermore, the Progressives overlooked several other important points. First, while the economic interpretation is often insightful in gauging the motivations for State action, particularly by small groups of pullers of the levers of State power, it is highly inadequate in explaining the motives of mass actions, especially revolutionary actions, against the Statewhether by leaders or by the public.

For a revolution is a passionate and radical, indeed a revolutionary act. Year Writing? It is difficult to believe that a people will wrench themselves out of Help money, their habitual lives to risk at a blow their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor, from a mere chafing at a tax or at writing juliet, mercantile restrictions. Money? There must be more to it than that. And secondly, the dictionary economic interpretation overlooked the very nature of the libertarian ideology that moved the revolutionaries. Me Get Money? This ideology integrated moral, political and economic liberty. Therefore it integrated all of these revulsions against what these libertarians saw as British invasions of their rights. How To Ib Chemistry? Neither the Constitutionalists, stressing the legal and philosophic, nor the Progressives, stressing the economic grievances, saw the nature of the integrated whole of American revolutionary ideology. Neither did the Consensus school of money roblox, historians, who became ascendant in the 1940s and 1950s. Just as the Progressives reflected the Marxian outlook of Help with kalä±plarä±, American intellectuals of the 1930s, so the Consensus school reflected the Help me get money neo-Conservative American celebration that typified intellectuals in post-World War II America. The Consensus historians were anxious to see consensus rather than conflict in American history. And since both ideology and economic interests can cause conflicts, both were discarded as causal factors in the American past.

Instead, the Consensus school saw American history as guided not by doctrinaire ideas nor by economic interests but rather by a flexible, pragmatic, ad hoc approach to do an ib chemistry problem-solving. Since a revolution can hardly be a flexible approach to consensus, the American Revolution had to be written off as a mere localized conservative resistance to the British government. Furthermore, by Help me get, deprecating the revolutionary nature of the American Revolution, the Buy writing about Consensus school could isolate it from the indisputably radical French Revolution and other modern upheavals, and money roblox, continue to Phd dissertation proposal on alias detection denounce the latter as ideological and Help, socially disruptive while seeming to embrace the founding heritage of America. The leading Consensus historians were Daniel J. Boorstin and Clinton Rossiter. On the American Revolution, their works include: Boorstin, The Lost World of Thomas Jefferson and The Americans: The Colonial Experience; and juliet, Rossiter, Seedtime of the Republic: the Origins of the American Tradition of Help money, Political Liberty. Also in Help with writing an essay kalä±plarä±, this school, stressing in particular the alleged democracy of the money American colonies, is Robert E. Brown, Middle-Class Democracy and the Revolution in Massachusetts, 16911780. Thus, by the end of the kalä±plarä± 1950s, American historians were further away than ever from appreciating the fact that the American revolution was truly revolutionary.

They did not perceive that it was largely animated by a passionately held and radical libertarian ideology that integrated the moral, political, and economic reasons for rebelling against the British imperial regime. But the Consensus historians did make one important contribution. They restored the Help money roblox older idea of the American Revolution as a movement of the great majority of the American people. It replaced the view held by Progressives and Imperialists alike that the revolution was a minority action imposed on a reluctant public. Particularly important in developing this position was the Buy writing essays quotes judicious work by John Richard Alden, The American Revolution, 17751783, still the me get money roblox best one volume book on ib chemistry lab report the revolutionary war period. On the left, the Marxian historian Herbert Aptheker also advanced this position. He chided the 1930s Progressives for their opposition to the revolution as a minority class movement in The American Revolution, 17631783.

In the stifling atmosphere of Consensus history, an important advance came with the Help me get roblox publication of the first volume of the monumental two-volume work of Robert R. Palmer, The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 17601800, Vol. I: The Challenge. Weaving together a scintillating tapestry of trans-Atlantic history, Palmer vindicated the essays about radicalism of the American Revolution. He pointed to its decisive inspirational effect on the succeeding European revolutions of the late eighteenth century, as well as to the similarity of goals and ideologies. Palmer thereby restored the older tradition of linking these revolutions on both sides of the Help roblox Atlantic, as did Jacques Godechot in France and Help writing, the Atlantic Revolution of the 18th Century. Palmer also showed that, by one important criterion, the American Revolution was more radical than the Help money roblox French, since proportionately far more Tories were driven out of America than aristocrats were to be exiled from France. As a European historian, however, Palmer was not read by the hermetically specialized guild of American historians. The crucial breakout from the Phd dissertation proposal detection miasma of American historiography of the Revolution came from one man. He was able by sheer force of scholarship to overthrow the Help me get roblox Consensus and Progressive views and to establish a new interpretation of the causes of the American Revolution. Buy Writing Essays About? This was Harvard Professor Bernard Bailyn, who, breaking through the hermetic separation of European and American historians, found his inspiration in the great work of Caroline Robbins, The Eighteenth Century Commonwealthman. For Bailyn realized that Professor Robbins had discovered the missing link in the transmission of radical libertarian thought after John Locke.

She had found it in a group of money roblox, dedicated writers, inspired by the English Revolution of the seventeenth century, who continued to reject the centrist Whig settlement of the eighteenth century. Do An? These writers carried forward the ideals of roblox, natural rights and individual liberty. In the course of editing a volume of Revolutionary pamphlets, Bailyn discovered that Americans were indeed influenced, on a massive scale, by these libertarian articles and pamphlets. How To Start A Argumentative View? Many of Help money roblox, these publications were reprinted widely in the American colonies, and Year, clearly influenced the revolutionary leaders. The most important shaper of this libertarian viewpoint was Cato's Letters, a series of newspaper articles in England in the early 1720s written by me get money roblox, John Trenchard and an essay kalä±plarä±, his young disciple Thomas Gordon. The collected Cato's Letters were republished many times in eighteenth century England and America. Trenchard and roblox, Gordon, and the other libertarian writers, transmuted John Locke's abstract and often guarded political philosophy into a trenchant, hard-hitting, and radical libertarian creed. Not only did men have natural rights of life, liberty, and property, which governments must not invade, but Cato and the other writers declared that governmentpowerwas always and ever the great enemy of liberty, and stood ready to aggress against it.

Hence, power must always be diminished as far as possible. Men must watch it continually with utmost hostility and vigilance, lest it break its bonds, and destroy the rights of the individual. Cato particularly denounced the propensity for tyranny of the British government of the day. This message found an eager reception in the American colonies. Thus, Bernard Bailyn established the essays quotes American Revolution as at one and the same time genuinely radical and revolutionary. He showed that it was motivated largely by firmly and passionately held libertarian ideology, summed up in the phrase the transforming libertarian radicalism of the American Revolution. Bailyn's findings were first presented in the General Introduction to his edition of Pamphlets of the American Revolution, 17501776, Vol. 1, 17501765. The only volume of pamphlets yet published in the series, it included the works of such revolutionary leaders as the Help me get money roblox Rev. Jonathan Mayhew, Thomas Fitch, James Otis, Oxenbridge Thacher, Daniel Dulany, and John Dickinson.

An expanded version was published as Bailyn, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution. How To Do An Lab Report? Also see the companion volume by Bailyn, The Origins of American Politics, which offered an excellent explanation for the British royal governors being weak in the eighteenth century at the same time that the King was dominant at home. A useful summary of the Bailyn thesis is provided by Bailyn's The Central Themes of the roblox American Revolution: An Interpretation, in S. Kurtz and J. Hutson, eds., Essays on the American Revolution. The scintillating writings of Cato have been collected in an excellently edited volume by David L. Jacobson, The English Libertation Heritage. One problem with the generally correct Bailyn thesis is its exclusive emphasis on ideology, as it affected the minds and hearts of the essays about quotes Americans. Historians find it easy to slip into the view that the deep ideologically motivated hostility to Britain, while genuinely felt, was merely an expression of paranoia. Help Money Roblox? Indeed, Bailyn himself almost fell into this trap in his recent overly sympathetic biography of the leading Massachusetts Tory, Thomas Hutchinson. One of the best historians of ib chemistry, this period, Edmund Morgan, in the New York Review of Books duly noted and warned against the trap in his review of this work. An excellent corrective to this exclusive concentration on the subjective is the me get roblox work of the Help an essay kalä±plarä± most important political (as contrasted to ideological) historians of the pre-Revolutionary period. In the definitive history of the Stamp Act crisis of 17651766, Edmund and Helen Morgan demonstrated the majority nature of the revolutionary movement.

They attacked, as well, the actual depredations of Great Britain on American political and economic rights. Edmund and Helen Morgan, The Stamp Act Crisis: Prologue to Revolution. Also see the companion source book of documents, Edmund S. Morgan, ed., Prologue to Revolution: Sources and Help me get roblox, Documents on the Stamp Act Crisis, 17641766. Particularly important is the monumental and Year 10 essay juliet, definitive, though densely written, two volume political history of the money coming of the American Revolution by Bernhard Knollenberg, Origins of the American Revolution: 17591765; and Growth of the American Revolution, 17661775. With An Essay Kalä±plarä±? By examining British archives, Knollenberg shows that the supposed paranoia and conspiracy theories of the American colonists were all too accurate. The British officials were indeed conspiring to invade the liberties of the American colonies after the salutary neglect of the pre-1763 period. We are now fortunate in having the two-volume Knollenberg work, which supplies by Help roblox, far the best political history of the events leading up to the outbreak of the Revolutionary War. Historians had long set 1763 as the date for the beginning of conflict between Britain and the colonies. Knollenberg's Origins pushes the date back to 1759, toward the end of the American phase of the Seven Years War between Britain and France. Jack P. Greene has shown that the How to view Board of Trade, headed by money roblox, the imperialist Lord Halifax, had tried abortively to essay impose British restrictions on the colonies in the late 1740s and early 1750s. The Board's attempt was finally halted by the outbreak of war with France.

See Jack P. Greene, An Uneasy Connection: An Analysis of the money Preconditions of the American Revolution, in Kurtz and Hutson, eds., Essays on the American Revolution. John Shy's Toward Lexington: The Role of the British Army in the Coming of the Buy writing essays American Revolution is a judicious discussion of British army policies and conflicts in this period, although favorable to the British position. Me Get Roblox? Howard H. Peckham's Pontiac and the Indian Uprising now replaces the venerable classic by Francis Parkman, The Conspiracy of Pontiac as the best account of Buy writing essays about, Pontiac's notable uprising. The Western lands were highly important in the politics of this period. The best accounts of the Help me get roblox intricate connection between government policy, land speculation, and proposal detection, Western conquest are still Clarence W. Alvord, Mississippi Valley in British Politics: A Study of the Trade, Land Speculation, and Experiments in Imperialism Culminating in the American Revolution and the later Thomas Perkins Abernathy, Western Lands and the American Revolution.

A pro-British view is provided by Jack M. Help Money Roblox? Sosin, Whitehall and the Wilderness: The Middle West in British Colonial Policy, 17601775. The important activities of the swindler, land speculator, and Want society dictionary, Indian trader George Croghan are covered in the definitive account by Nicholas B. Wainwright, George Croghan: Wilderness Diplomat. A lively and vivid account of Indian relations on the frontier appears in Dale Van Every, Forth to Help money the Wilderness: the First American Frontier, 17541774. As noted above, an excellent study of American resistance to the Stamp Act is start essay, Edmund and Helen Morgan, The Stamp Act Crisis, with supporting documents in Edmund Morgan, ed., Prologue to Revolution. The Boston Massacre has now been treated fully in Hiller B. Help Money Roblox? Zobel, The Boston Massacre, and How to start a argumentative view, the Boston Tea Party in Benjamin W. Labaree, The Boston Tea Party. Labaree emphasizes the importance of the role of the monopoly East India Company, in administering the tea tax in America, in the final development of American fears of the loss of traditional liberty.

The company's tax looting in Bengal had caused a disastrous famine which was widely reported in the American press. The English beneficiaries of the exploitation of Bengal returned to England with their loot and roblox, purchased seats in Parliament. Buy Writing Essays? A recent study of these Nabobs is roblox, P. J. Marshall's East India Fortunes: The British in Bengal in the Eighteenth Century. Disgracefully, there has been very little work done on two vital revolutionary organizations and institutions in the pre-Revolutionary period: the committees of correspondence, and the Sons of Liberty. The only overall study of the Buy writing committees of correspondence is the old and brief work by Edward D. Collins, Committees of Correspondence of the American Revolution. Me Get Money? The role of the Boston Committee of Correspondence has been recently studied in Richard D. Brown, Revolutionary Politics in Massachusetts: The Boston Committee of Correspondence and the Towns, 17721774. Buy Writing About? There is no overall study of the Sons of Liberty, but there are some valuable sectional accounts. The best is Richard Walsh, Charleston's Sons of Liberty: A Study of the me get money Artisans, 17631789. The New York Sons are studied in Roger J. Champagne, The Military Association of the Sons of Liberty, New York Historical Society Quarterly, 41 (1957); Champagne, Liberty Boys and Mechanics of an essay, New York City, 17641774, Labor History, 8 (1967); and, from Help money roblox, a Marxian perspective, Herbert M. Morais, The Sons of essay, Liberty in New York, in me get money roblox, Richard B. Morris, ed., The Era of the 10 essay American Revolution.

A realistic and thorough history of the Help me get roblox use of mobs in the American resistance is now available, however; in Pauline Maier, From Resistance to Revolution: Colonial Radicals and How to essay view, the Development of American Opposition to money roblox Britain, 17651776. Several excellent studies deal with various aspects of mercantilist restrictions and enforcement by Britain as causes of the American resistance. Oliver M. Dickerson's The Navigation Acts and the American Revolution deals with the Navigation Acts. Do An Lab Report? Carl Ubbelohde treats the Admiralty courts in The Vice-Admiralty Courts and the American Revolution. And Joseph J. Malone covers the White Pines Acts in Pine Trees and Politics: The Naval Stores and Help money roblox, Forest Policy in Colonial New England, 16911775. On the same subject is Help writing, Robert G. Albion, Forests and Sea Power: The Timber Problem of the Help me get Royal Navy, 16521862. While marred by its consistently Progressive interpretation, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr., The Colonial Merchants and the American Revolution, 17631776 is an important, thorough and still definitive account of the merchants and the various movements and struggles for nonimportation boycotts of England. Help? Beverly W. Help? Bond, Jr., The Quit Rent System in the American Colonies, stands as the only work on the feudal quitrents which provided a continuing source of irritation in the colonies.

The Role of Ideas in the Revolution. The best works on the influence of libertarian ideology on the budding American revolutionaries are the Bailyn and other works mentioned earlier. George Rudé studies the radical libertarian Wilkite movement in How to do an ib chemistry, England in Help me get roblox, Wilkes and Liberty: A Social Study of 1763 to 1774. And Pauline Maier examines the relations between the English Wilkites and the American radical libertarians in John Wilkes and American Disillusionment with Britain, William and Mary Quarterly, 20 (1963); as does Jack P. Greene in Bridge to Revolution: the Wilkes Fund Controversy in South Carolina, 17691775, Journal of Southern History, 29 (1963). Thomas Hollis was an English libertarian who dedicated his life to reprinting and disseminating libertarian works throughout the world, and particularly in the American colonies, and in corresponding with like-minded people. He has been studied in Caroline Robbins, The Strenuous Whig: Thomas Hollis of Lincoln's Inn, William and Mary Quarterly, 7 (1950).

The impact of American revolutionary thought upon English radicalism has received thorough examination in Colin Bonwick's English Radicals and the American Revolution. The influence of French libertarian thought can be found in Howard Mumford Jones, American and French Culture, 17501848. Also see Jones, O Strange New World: American Culture, The Formative Years. The most recent study of the impact of French eighteenth century thought on American revolutionary developments is Henry F. May, The Enlightenment in America. Religion played an important role in the development of revolutionary and libertarian ideas.

The great radical Massachusetts minister Jonathan Mayhew has found his biographer in Charles W. Akers, Called unto Liberty: A Life of Jonathan Mayhew, 17201766. The best work on the black regiment of Congregationalist ministers in New England is Alice M. Phd Dissertation On Alias? Baldwin, The New England Clergy and the American Revolution. While scarcely definitive, Herbert M. Morais, Deism in Eighteenth Century America has produced the only work on Help money roblox the significant role of start view, deism. Part of religion's role in generating a revolutionary spirit resulted from the general American fear of England's placing Anglican bishops in the American colonies. Arthur L. Cross has produced the classic work on roblox this subject in The Anglican Episcopate and the American Colonies. It is now partially superseded by Carl Bridenbaugh, Mitre and Sceptre: Transatlantic Faiths, Ideas, Personalities, and writing kalä±plarä±, Politics, 16891775. An admirable treatment of the role of the American press in revolutionary agitation is Help me get money roblox, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr., Prelude to Independence: The Newspaper War on Britain, 17641776.

It happily supersedes the volume by Philip G. Davidson, Propaganda and the American Revolution, 17631783, which was fatally marred by the Progressive view that all ideology is mere propaganda rhetoric. Michael G. Kammen studies the vital role of 10 essay juliet, American colonial agents to London in Help, A Rope of Sand: The Colonial Agents, British Policies, and the American Revolution. See also: Jack Sosin, Agents and Merchants: British Colonial Policy and the Origins of the American Revolution, 17631875. The letters of the most important of these agents, and a leading pro-American British Whig, are included in Ross J. S. Hoffman, ed., Edmund Burke, New York Agent, with his Letters to the New York Assembly and Buy writing essays quotes, Intimate Correspondence with Charles O'Hara, 17611776. The best treatment of money roblox, British politics in relation to the developing American resistance is Charles R. Ritcheson, British Politics and the American Revolution. Rudé discusses the Whig and radical opposition to British imperial designs and to Tory government at Want to be society urban dictionary, home in Wilkes and Liberty, mentioned earlier. Also see Eugene C. Black, The Association: British Extraparliamentary Political Organization, 17691793; Archibald S. Foord, His Majesty's Opposition, 17141830; George H. Guttridge, English Whiggism and the American Revolution; Lucy S. Sutherland, The City of London and the Opposition to Help me get Government, 17681774: A Study in the Rise of Metropolitan Radicalism; and Maurice R. An Essay? O'Connell, Irish Politics and Help money roblox, Social Conflict in the Age of American Revolution. Several recent works examine the great English Whig, the a argumentative view Duke of Newcastle, and his policy of salutary neglect. But none are satisfactory. The definitive political biography of Help me get money, his successor, the Marquis of Rockingham, is difficult reading.

It assumes a detailed knowledge of English politics of the period; it is Ross J. S. Hoffman, The Marquis: A Study of Lord Rockingham, 17301782. The most relevant discussion of Edmund Burke's views and activities in this period is Carl B. Cone's Burke and the Nature of Want national honor dictionary, Politics, Vol. Money Roblox? I. The Age of the American Revolution. National Honor Society Urban? Several works detail the Help money roblox Tory, or Namierite, point of view on English politics in this period, the most famous being Sir Lewis Bernstein Namier, England in the Age of the American Revolution. Revolutionary Accounts of Cities and States. Boston was the heartland of the revolutionary movement, but there is no history of the Boston or even Massachusetts movement per se.

Robert E. Brown, Middle-Class Democracy and the Revolution in Massachusetts, 16911780 is a basic work on Massachusetts in the eighteenth century. But the author's naive consensus view of colonial democracy badly mars the book. The Boston Massacre and Year 10 essay writing juliet, Tea Party have been covered in the books cited above. The premier leader of the revolutionary movement, Samuel Adams, has been ill-served by Help, historians; no satisfactory biography has been published. John C. Miller's Sam Adams: Pioneer in Propaganda is hostile and vituperative, under the influence of the Progressive propaganda theory. Of the numerous biographies and to be honor society dictionary, studies of John Adams, best for this period, though not always reliable, is Catherine Drinker Bowen, John Adams and the American Revolution. Help Me Get Money Roblox? Though mired in detail, Page Smith's John Adams, 17351826 handles Adams's political and economic thought weakly. The heroic and often neglected Dr. Joseph Warren is in John Cary, Joseph Warren: Physician, Politician, Patriot. William T. Baxter studies the Hancock family, as well as the life of Boston merchants of the period, in The House of Hancock, Business in Boston, 17241774.

For non-Boston merchants, see Benjamin W. Labaree, Patriots and Partisans: the Merchants of Newburyport, 17641815. Robert J. Lab Report? Taylor has written an important work on rural Massachusetts: Western Massachusetts in the Revolution. Also see Lee N. Newcomer's The Embattled Farmers: A Massachusetts Countryside in the American Revolution. A major revolutionary leader in Western Massachusetts receives a biography in E. Francis Brown, Joseph Hawley: Colonial Radical. The outstanding work on Connecticut in this period is money, Oscar Zeichner, Connecticut's Years of to be national honor urban dictionary, Controversy, 17501776. A sensible work on Rhode Island politics, placing the Ward and Hopkins camps as sectional factions rather than embodiments of a class struggle, is David S. Me Get Money Roblox? Lovejoy, Rhode Island Politics and the American Revolution, 17601776. On the How to lab report same theme, see also Mack F. Thompson, The Ward-Hopkins Controversy and the American Revolution in Rhode Island: An Interpretation, William and Mary Quarterly, 16 (1959). The classic work on New Hampshire, Richard F. Upton, Revolutionary New Hampshire, has now been supplemented by Jere R. Daniel, Experiment in Republicanism: New Hampshire Politics and the American Revolution, 17411794.

Vermont was unique in that its own guerrilla rebellion against Help me get money roblox New York rule and land grants merged easily into essays about quotes the Revolutionary War. Frederic Van de Water, The Reluctant Republic: Vermont, 17241791 contains a lively account of the Green Mountain Boys and of the Vermont rebellion. John Pell's Ethan Allen, a biography of the Green Mountain Boys' great leader, has now been supplemented by Charles A. Jellison's Ethan Allen. Darlene Shapiro's Ethan Allen: Philosopher-Theologian to a Generation of Help me get money roblox, American Revolutionaries, William and Mary Quarterly, 21 (1964), is a particularly good account of the influence of the essays quotes libertarian and money, Deist thought of the guerrilla leader. Despite its age and its Beardian interpretation, Carl Lotus Becker, The History of Political Parties in Want honor, the Province of Help me get, New York 17601776 is lab report, still the Help money roblox best work on the political struggles in New York in the pre-Revolutionary era. Alternative interpretations can be found in Year 10 essay writing juliet, Bernard Mason, The Road to Independence: The Revolutionary Movement in New York, 17731777, and in the later chapters of Patricia Updegraff Bonomi, A Factious People: Politics and Society in Colonial New York. However, the neo-Beardian approach to New York politics, especially in the correct stress on the continuity of the major conflicting groups in Help me get roblox, the pre- and post-Revolutionary periods, is found in the splendid work of Alfred F. Buy Writing Essays? Young, The Democratic Republicans of New York: The Origins, 17631797. The tenant risings in the Hudson Valley of New York are treated in the only full-scale work on the subject: Irving Mark, Agrarian Conflicts in Colonial New York, 17111775. This should be supplemented by me get money roblox, the accounts in How to ib chemistry lab report, the early chapter of Bonomi, A Factious People, and in Chapter III of Staughton Lynd, Anti-Federalism in Dutchess County, New York: A Study of me get, Democracy and Class Conflict in the Revolutionary Era.

Dorothy Dillon looks at The New York Triumvirate: A Study of the Legal and Political Careers of William Livingston, John Morin Scott, William Smith, Jr. No works are devoted to New Jersey for this period. Donald L. Kemmerer offers the best approach in Path to Freedom: The Struggles for Self-Government in Colonial New Jersey, 17031776. Although missing the dimension of political and constitutional ideology, the political conflict in New Jersey after 1763 is How to lab report, detailed in Larry R. Gerlach, Prologue to Independence: New Jersey in the Coming of the American Revolution. The best work on Pennsylvania politics in roblox, this period is Theodore Thayer, Pennsylvania Politics and the Growth of Democracy, 17401776.

No book fully replaces Charles H. An Essay? Lincoln, The Revolutionary Movement in me get money roblox, Pennsylvania, 17601776. Phd Dissertation Proposal Detection? Carl and Jessica Bridenbaugh have written a valuable social history in Rebels and Gentlemen: Philadelphia in the Age of Franklin. Frederick B. Tolles offers an excellent account of the leading Philadelphia merchants of the period in Meeting House and Counting House: The Quaker Merchants of Colonial Philadelphia. Most of the rebel leaders of Pennsylvania remain unknown and untreated by historians. An early liberal leader, John Dickinson, now has a good biography, in David L. Me Get Money? Jacobson, John Dickinson and the Revolution in Pennsylvania, 17641776. The only radical leader to be the subject of a biography is an old one by Burton A. Konkle, George Bryan and the Constitution of Pennsylvania, 17311791. There is a good article on the vitally important Charles Thomson, John J. Zimmerman, Charles Thomson, The Sam Adams of Philadelphia; Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 45 (1958). Of the innumerable works on the opportunistic Tory Benjamin Franklin, most are adulatory and uncritical.

This includes the standard account by Carl Van Doren, Benjamin Franklin. There is some good material, nevertheless, in Verner W. Crane, Benjamin Franklin and a Rising People. Most objective and illuminating on Franklin's machinations in colonial politics, is William S. Hanna, Benjamin Franklin and Pennsylvania Politics. There is nothing good on Delaware in this period. Phd Dissertation Proposal On Alias Detection? Here we must still fall back on the old and unsatisfactory John T. Me Get? Scharf et al., History of Delaware, 16091888. For an overall account of the South in this period, John R. Alden, The South in the Revolution, 17631789 is excellent. Charles A. Barker covers Maryland's unique political and social structure in The Background of the Revolution in Maryland. This should be supplemented with James Haw, Maryland Politics on the Eve of Revolution: The Provincial Controversy, 17701773, Maryland Historical Magazine, 65 (1970). The best and most thorough history of colonial Virginia is Richard L. Morton, Colonial Virginia; and Year 10 essay writing, the latter chapters of Volume II deal with the Parsons' Cause and other Virginia grievances down to 1763. No one has made a specific study of Virginia in the pre-Revolutionary period. But Charles S. Syndors' Gentlemen Freeholders: Political Practices in Washington's Virginia, is an excellent study of Virginia's political and me get money, social structure in lab report, the colonial period.

Robert E. and B. Katherine Brown's Virginia, 17051786: Democracy or Aristocracy? is an absurd attempt to apply the Browns' democratic model, designed for Massachusetts, to a colony where it can scarcely be relevant. Two important revisionist articles demolish the myth that Virginia's planters were exploited by Help money, being indebted to British merchants. They find this grievance was not of critical importance in do an lab report, the Virginia revolutionary movement. See James H. Soltow, Scottish Traders in Virginia, 17501775, Economic History Review, 21 (1959); and Emory G. Evans, Planter Indebtedness and the Coming of the Revolution in Virginia, William and Mary Quarterly, 19 (1962). On Patrick Henry see Robert D. Meade's Patrick Henry, Vol.

1. Though old, Moses Coit Tyler's Patrick Henry contains long excerpts from Henry's famous speeches. On that other great radical leader, Richard Henry Lee, see Oliver P. Chitwood's Richard Henry Lee, Statesman of the Revolution. As in the case of Franklin, the historiography of the conservative rebel leader George Washington suffers from uncritical adulation. Among these, the definitive biography is Douglas Southall Freeman's George Washington: A Biography. While a disorganized collection of essays, Bernhard Knollenberg's George Washington: The Virginia Period, 17321775 contains valuable revisionist insights. The literature on North Carolina is me get money, sparse, old and unsatisfactory. Robert D.W. Connor, History of North Carolina, Vol. I deals with the entire colonial and revolutionary period.

Hugh T. Lefler and Albert R. Newsome, North Carolina, is a rehash. For South Carolina the venerable general history is to be national urban, Edward McCrady's The History of South Carolina Under the Royal Government, 17191776. The standard modern work is David D. Help Me Get Roblox? Wallace, History of writing, South Carolina, Vol. Me Get? I. Richard Maxwell Brown has written an lab report excellent history of the South Carolina Regulators in The South Carolina Regulators. The advance to revolution in South Carolina has now been covered in roblox, Robert M. Weir, A Most Important Epocha: The Coming of the Revolution in South Carolina. The only thorough history of the lab report Sons of Liberty in any area is Richard Walsh, Charleston's Sons of Help, Liberty: A Study of the Artisans, 17631789. Unfortunately no biographer has chronicled the great radical rebel leader, Christopher Gadsden. But Richard Walsh has collected his writings: Christopher Gadsden, Writings, 17461805. On the coming of the Revolution in Georgia, see Kenneth Coleman, The American Revolution in Georgia, 17631789.

On the royal government of Georgia in this period, William W. Abbot's The Royal Governors of Georgia, 17541775, is particularly valuable. A concise, judicious, overall summary of the military, political, social, and economic history of the American Revolution is fortunately available in John R. Alden, The American Revolution, 17751783. The most important and dramatic change in interpreting the start a argumentative essay history of the American Revolutionary War has come about very recently: the realization that the Americans won because, and insofar as, they were conducting a massive guerrilla war. They fought a people's war against the superior firepower and orthodox military strategy and money roblox, tactics of the British imperial power. With modern guerrilla war coming into focus since the late 1960s, recent historians have begun to apply its lessons to the American Revolution, not only to the tactics of individual battles but also in basic strategic insights. For example, they realize that guerrilla war can only succeed if the with writing an essay kalä±plarä± great majority of the populace back the guerrillas.

This was the money roblox condition during the American Revolution. The valuable military histories of the Revolution, therefore, can be grouped into two categories: those which antedated and those which have incorporated modern insights into the nature and do an lab report, potential of guerrilla warfare. Thus, the best detailed history of the military conflict, devoting keen analysis to each battle, is Help me get money roblox, Christopher Ward's The War of the Revolution. Willard M. Wallace has prepared a useful and relatively brief one-volume military history: Appeal to Arms: A Military History of the proposal American Revolution. More specifically for me get money, the standard military history of the first year of the war, see Allen French, The First Year of the American Revolution. And Arthur B. Tourtellot describes the initial battle of Lexington and Concord in William Diamond's Drum. None of these books, however, was written recently enough to incorporate modern insights on the importance of guerrilla as opposed to conventional war. But an important one-volume military history does so: Don Higginbotham, The War of American Independence: Military Attitudes, Policies, and Practices, 17631789. Two books edited by George Athan Billias are particularly important, both for guerrilla insights and for view, penetrating revisionist studies of particular generals and their strategies and tactics: George Washington's Generals and Help roblox, George Washington's Opponents: British Generals and Admirals in the American Revolution. Particularly important in the former volume is George A. Billias, Horatio Gates: Professional Soldier, about a general who used guerrilla strategy and tactics against Burgoyne, culminating at Saratoga. In the quotes same volume, Don Higgenbotham's Daniel Morgan: Guerrilla Fighter, apologizes for the fact that his valuable biography of the war's greatest guerrilla tactician had been written before the advent of his own and general interest in guerrilla warfare (Higgenbotham, Daniel Morgan: Revolutionary Rifleman.) Particularly see John W. Shy, Charles Lee: the Help roblox Soldier as Radical, in which Shy looks with favor at the outstanding military libertarian and guerrilla theorist, as well as strategist and general, of the American Revolution.

Lee, who had been drummed out of his number two post of command and lab report, court-martialled unfairly by George Washington, is favorably reassessed in a biography by John R. Alden, Charles Lee: Traitor or Patriot? Professor Shy, who of all historians has the best grasp on the importance of guerrilla warfare in this period, brilliantly interprets the various phases of British strategy during the war (from police action to conventional war to money roblox counter-guerrilla attempts at pacification in the South) in his The American Revolution: The Military Conflict Considered as A Revolutionary War, in Kurtz and Hutson, Essays on the American Revolution. John Shy, A People Numerous and Armed: Reflections on the Military Struggle for American Independence is a collection of Year writing, Shy's essays on military history, some of which contribute to a positive reevaluation of the importance of the militia in defensive warfare. R. Arthur Bowler, Logistics and the Failure of the British Army in America, 17751783 shows that the hostility of the local populations contributed to the failure of food supplies. This hostility was compounded by British attempts to Help me get money seize the food they could not purchase. For the essays quotes political direction of the war, see Gerald S. Brown, American Secretary: Colonial Policy of Help me get money, Lord George Germain. An important volume on Buy writing essays militia and roblox, guerrilla warfare as against the orthodox deployment of the Continental army in a local area is Adrian C. Leiby, The Revolutionary War in the Hackensack Valley: The Jersey Dutch and the Neutral Ground, 17751783. On the fierce guerrilla vs. counter-guerrilla conflicts in South Carolina during the last phase of the war, see Russell F. Weigley, The Partisan War: The South Carolina Campaign of start a argumentative, 17801782. The essay by Ira D. Help Me Get Money Roblox? Gruber, Richard Lord Howe: Admiral as Peacemaker, in Billias, George Washington's Opponents indicates clearly that one of the a argumentative view major reasons for the British failure to crush Washington's army in the first two years of the war was the me get roblox Howe brothers' treasonous opposition (as dedicated Whigs) to the British war effort against the Americans. A Argumentative Essay View? On the British view of the war, see Piers Mackesy, The War for America, 17751783; and Help money roblox, William B. Willcox, Portrait of a General: Sir Henry Clinton in the War of Independence on How to start essay the best British general, who suffered from an inability to work well with his colleagues.

The most recent general history of the American Revolution, Page Smith, A New Age Begins: A People's History of the American Revolution incorporates many detailed insights about guerrilla warfare from primary sources. Political History of the Revolution. On the political history of the American Revolution, Edmund C. Me Get? Burnett, The Continental Congress remains a thorough and definitive history of that national political institution. Merrill Jensen, The Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 17741781 is an excellent study of the struggles around the Articles and the attempt to carry Nationalism even further. Despite its age, Allan Nevins, The American States During and After the Revolution, 17751789 remains by ib chemistry, far the best, indeed the me get roblox only satisfactory, state-by-state political history of the revolutionary period.

In an unfortunate attempt to replace Nevins, Jackson Turner Main, The Sovereign States, 17751783 is sketchy and overly schematic, while Main's Political Parties Before the Constitution is a tangled statistical web based on a fallacious and unenlightening division between alleged localists and cosmopolitans. Carl Lotus Becker's The Declaration of Independence: A Study in on alias detection, the History of Political Ideas is a well-written and valuable study of the me get money roblox Declaration. Curtis P. Nettels, George Washington and American Independence demonstrates Washington's early devotion to Help an essay kalä±plarä± independence. Eric Foner's Tom Paine and Revolutionary America is an Help money excellent and sympathetic study of the great sparkplug of essays about, independence as a libertarian and Help me get money roblox, laissez-faire radical. None of the full-scale biographies of Paine do him justice. Best is David Freeman Hawke's Paine. For a valuable Beardian study of state politics during the Revolution see Elisha P. Douglass, Rebels and Democrats: The Struggle for Equal Political Rights and Majority Rule During the American Revolution. A thorough documentary history of the struggle over a Massachusetts state constitution during the war is Year 10 essay writing juliet, presented in Robert J. Taylor, ed., Massachusetts, Colony to Commonwealth: Documents on the Formation of me get money roblox, its Constitution, 17751789. The older view that confiscated Tory land in New York did not devolve upon the tenants of the feudal landlords is set forth in Harry B. Yoshpe's The Disposition of Loyalist Estates in the Southern District of the State of writing, New York. Staughton Lynd refutes this view in Anti-Federalism in Dutchess County as does Beatrice G. Reubens, Pre-Emptive Rights in money, the Disposition of a Confiscated Estate: Philipsburgh Manor, New York, William and Mary Quarterly, 22 (1965).

Pennsylvania, the most radically libertarian state during the war, is examined in proposal detection, Robert L. Brunhouse, The Counter-Revolution in Pennsylvania, 17761790. Help Money Roblox? John P. Selsam deals with its radical constitution specifically in ib chemistry lab report, The Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776. A valuable general work on Western Pennsylvania politics in the revolutionary and post-revolutionary periods is Russell J. Ferguson, Early Western Pennsylvania Politics. Maryland is studied in Help money, Philip A. Crowl, Maryland During and After the Revolution. In addition to the biographies of How to ib chemistry lab report, American revolutionary leaders mentioned above, one of the numerous Jefferson biographies stands out: the magisterial study by me get money roblox, Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, of which see here Volume I: Jefferson the proposal Virginian.

There is no wholly satisfactory biography of the great George Mason, whose Virginia Declaration of Rights inspired both the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Help, Rights. But Robert A. Rutland, George Mason: Reluctant Statesman provides a brief but useful account. Also see Robert A. Rutland, ed., George Mason, Papers, 17251792 and Helen Hill Miller, George Mason: Gentleman Revolutionary. The radical Pennsylvania leader, the astronomer David Rittenhouse, is studied in Brooke Hindle's David Rittenhouse. 10 Essay? And two leading New York conservative rebels receive biographies in Frank Monaghan's John Jay, and George Dangerfield's excellent Chancellor Robert R. Money? Livingston of New York, 17461831. For a biography of General Nathanael Greene, see Theodore Thayer's Nathanael Greene, Strategist of the American Revolution. A moderate Pennsylvania leader receives an important biography in Kenneth R. Roseman, Thomas Mifflin and the Politics of the with writing American Revolution. Money Roblox? New York's great wartime governor is studied in Ernest W. Spaulding, His Excellency George Clinton (17391812): Critic of the Constitution.

On the economic and financial history of the war, E. James Ferguson, The Power of the Purse: A History of American Public Finance, 17761790 is a superb account of the machinations of Robert Morris and the Nationalists during and after the war, including the expropriation of public funds for private purposes by Morris and his associates, and the drive for a strong central government to consolidate and extend those and similar privileges. This should be supplemented by Ferguson's study of the first Nationalist drive, which, though failing, prefigured the Help writing later push for roblox, the Constitution: E. James Ferguson, The Nationalists of 17811783 and Year 10 essay juliet, the Economic Interpretation of the Constitution, Journal of American History, 56 (1969). For a useful biography of Morris see Clarence L. Ver Steeg's Robert Morris; Revolutionary Financier: With an Analysis of His Earlier Career. There is no overall study of inflation during the war, but Anne Bezanson, Inflation and Controls, Pennsylvania, 17741779, Journal of Economic History Supplement, 8 (1948) is a careful statistical study. Special groups in relation to the American Revolution are treated in Help, Charles H. Metzger, Catholics and the American Revolution: A Study in Religious Climate and in to be national urban, the excellent work by Benjamin Quarles, The Negro in the American Revolution. Help Me Get Money? Jesse Lemisch's rather quixotic program for writing history from the bottom up works in a particular case where data are fortunately available. See his article, Jack Tar in the Streets: Merchant Seamen in the Politics of Revolutionary America, William and Mary Quarterly, 25 (1968). Scholars have shown increased interest in recent years in the fate of Tories during the Revolution. Among the best works are William H. A Argumentative Essay View? Nelson, The American Tory and Paul H. Smith, Loyalists and Redcoats: A Study in British Revolutionary Policy. Also see Mary Beth Norton, The British-Americans: The Loyalist Exiles in England 17741789; Carol Berkin, Jonathan Sewall: Odyssey of me get, An American Loyalist; and Robert M. Calhoun, The Loyalists in Revolutionary America, 17601781. The classic work on do an ib chemistry lab report the foreign policy of the American revolutionaries is Samuel Flagg Bemis's The Diplomacy of the American Revolution.

A far more revisionist work, treating the origins of the American Empire and focusing on internal and external policies of European states rather than on strictly diplomatic history, is Richard W. Van Alstyne's Empire and Independence; The International History of the American Revolution. Me Get Money? The detailed work on the negotiations of the Peace of Paris is Richard B. Phd Dissertation On Alias Detection? Morris's The Peacemakers: The Great Powers and American Independence. But Cecil B. Currey, Code Number 72/ Ben Franklin: Patriot or Spy? provides a fascinating corrective. Money Roblox? Currey not only demonstrates Franklin's participation in Robert Morris's peculations during his ministry in Paris; he also offers newly discovered evidence of Franklin's probable role as a double agent on behalf of Great Britain. Currey describes Franklin's shift to Buy writing about quotes a pro-French role during the peace negotiations, as well as the well-founded distrust of Franklin by Arthur Lee, John Adams and John Jay. Meaning and Consequences of the Revolution. There is no space here to deal with the numerous works on the nature and consequences of the American Revolution, or on the vitally important topic of the relationship between the Revolution and the Constitution. Here we will mention Gordon S. Wood's careful and important study of the way in which libertarian ideology was conservatized during and Help me get roblox, especially after the Revolution: The Creation of the American Republic, 17761787.

Richard B. Morris has many judicious insights in do an ib chemistry lab report, his The American Revolution Reconsidered. Money? He treats the American Revolution more fully as the first war of national liberation and How to essay, independence from European colonialism in me get roblox, his The Emerging Nations and the American Revolution. 10 Essay Writing? Also see Richard L. Park and Richard D. Lambert, eds., The American Revolution Abroad. Perhaps the roblox most important controversy was on Help with an essay kalä±plarä± how radical and how revolutionary were the nature and consequences of the American Revolution. We have seen Robert R. Palmer's challenge to the consensus view in his monumental The Age of the Democratic Revolution. J. Franklin Jameson produced the classic Beardian view on the social radicalism of the American Revolution in The American Revolution Considered as a Social Movement. This thesis was attacked and seemingly refuted during the Consensus period of American historiography, particularly by Frederick B. Tolles, The American Revolution Considered as a Social Movement: A Reevaluation, American Historical Review, 55 (19541955); and by Clarence Ver Steeg, The American Revolution Considered as an Economic Movement, Huntington Library Quarterly, 20 (1957). But Robert A. Nisbet, in a brilliant article, has now rehabilitated the thesis of the American Revolution as having radical consequences, not in a Beardian, but in Help me get roblox, a libertarian direction. In his The Social Impact of the a argumentative Revolution, Nisbet shows that the roblox Revolution had a radical libertarian impact on American society: in abolishing feudal land tenure, in establishing religious freedom, and in beginning the process of the abolition of Help writing an essay kalä±plarä±, slavery. Thus, to me get money Bailyn's insight on the libertarian sources of the Revolution, Nisbet adds his conclusion on about quotes its libertarian consequences.

Abbot, William W. The Royal Governors of Georgia, 17541775. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1959. Abernathy, Thomas Perkins. Western Lands and the American Revolution. New York: Appleton-Century, 1937. Adams, Randolph G. Help Me Get? Political Ideas of the American Revolution: Britannic-American Contributions to the Problem of Imperial Organization, 17651775.

Durham, North Carolina: Trinity College Press, 1922. Akers, Charles W. Called Unto Liberty: A Life of Jonathan Mayhew, 17201766. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1964. Albion, Robert G. Forest and Sea Power: The Timber Problem of the Royal Navy, 16521862. Year 10 Essay Writing? (1926). Hampden, Connecticut: Shoe String Press, 1965. Alden, John R. The American Revolution, 17751783.

New York: Harper Row, 1954. . Charles Lee: Traitor or Patriot? Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1951. . The South in the Revolution, 17631789. Money? Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1957. Alvord, Clarence W. Year 10 Essay Juliet? Mississippi Valley in British Politics: A Study of the Trade, Land Speculation, and Experiments in Imperialism Culminating in the American Revolution. 2 Vols. Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark, 1917.

Aptheker, Herbert. The American Revolution, 17631783. New York: International Publishers, 1960. Bailyn, Bernard. The Central Themes of the American Revolution: An Interpretation. In Essays on the American Revolution. Help Me Get Money Roblox? Edited by writing, S. Kurtz and J. Hutson. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1973. . The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution.

Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press, 1967. . The Origins of American Politics. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1968. Pamphlets of the American Revolution, 17501776, Vol. 1, 17501765. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press, 1965. . Me Get? Thomas Hutchinson.

Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press, 1974. Baldwin, Alice M. The New England Clergy and the American Revolution. How To? Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1928. Barker, Charles A. Money? The Background of the Revolution in Maryland. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1943. Baxter, William T. The House of Hancock, Business in proposal on alias detection, Boston, 17241774. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1945. Becker, Carol Lotus. The Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas. Help Me Get Money? New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1922. . Year 10 Essay Juliet? The History of Political Parties in the Province of New York, 17601766.

Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1909. Beer, George L. British Colonial Policy, 17541765. New York: Macmillan, 1907. Bemis, Samuel Flagg. The Diplomacy of the me get roblox American Revolution.

New York: American Historical Association, 1935. Berkin, Carol. Jonathan Sewall: Odyssey of An American Loyalist. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974. Bezanson, Anne. Inflation and Buy writing essays, Controls, Pennsylvania, 17741779. Journal of Economic History, Supplement, 23 (1948): 120. Billias, George Athan, ed. George Washington's Generals.

New York: William Morrow Co., 1964. . George Washington's Opponents: British Generals and Admirals in the American Revolution. New York: William Morrow Co., 1969. Black, Eugene C. The Association: British Extraparliamentary Political Organization, 17691793. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1963. Bond, Jr., Beverly W. Help Me Get? The Quit Rent System in the American Colonies. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1919.

Bonomi, Patricia Updegraff. A Factious People: Politics and Society in Colonial New York. New York: Columbia University Press, 1971. Bonwick, Colin. English Radicals and the American Revolution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1977. Boorstin, Daniel J. The Americans: The Colonial Experience. New York: Random House, 1958. . Phd Dissertation Proposal Detection? The Lost World of Thomas Jefferson. New York: Henry Holt, 1948.

Bowen, Catherine Drinker. John Adams and the American Revolution. Boston: Little, Brown Co., 1950. Bowler, R. Arthur. Logistics and the Failure of the British Army in America, 17751783. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1975. Bridenbaugh, Carl. Mitre and Help me get money, Sceptre: Transatlantic Faiths, Ideas, Personalities, and How to lab report, Politics, 16891775. New York: Oxford University Press, 1962. Bridenbaugh, Carl and Jessica.

Rebels and Gentlemen: Philadelphia in the Age of Franklin. New York: Reynal and Hitchcock, 1942. Brown, E. Francis. Joseph Hawley: Colonial Radical. New York: Columbia University Press, 1931. Brown, Gerald S. American Secretary: Colonial Policy of me get money roblox, Lord George Germain. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1963. Brown, Richard D. Revolutionary Politics in proposal on alias, Massachusetts: The Boston Committee of Help me get money, Correspondence and the Towns, 17721774.

Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1970. Brown, Richard Maxwell. The South Carolina Regulators. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1963. Brown, Robert E. Middle-Class Democracy and writing kalä±plarä±, the Revolution in Help money, Massachusetts, 16911780. How To Do An? Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1955. Brown, Robert E. and B. Katherine. Virginia, 17051786: Democracy or Aristocracy? East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1964. Brunhouse, Robert L. The Counter-Revolution in me get roblox, Pennsylvania, 17761790.

Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical Commission, 1942. Burnett, Edmund C. The Continental Congress. New York: Macmillan, 1941. Calhoun, Robert M. The Loyalists in Revolutionary America, 17601781. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973. Cary, John. Essays? Joseph Warren: Physician, Politician, Patriot. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1961. Champagne, Robert J. Liberty Boys and Mechanics of money roblox, New York City, 17641774. Labor History 8 (1967): 115135.

. The Military Association of the Sons of Liberty. New York Historical Society Quarterly 41 (1957): 338350. Chitwood, Oliver P. Richard Henry Lee, Statesman of the Revolution. Morgantown, West Virginia, 1968. Colemen, Kenneth. The American Revolution in Georgia, 17631789. Essays Quotes? Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1958.

Collins, Edward D. Committees of Correspondence of the Help me get American Revolution. Washington, D.C., 1902. Cone, Carl B. Burke and the Nature of Politics. Proposal On Alias Detection? The Age of the American Revolution, vol. 1. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1957. Connor, Robert D. W. History of North Carolina, Vol. Me Get? 1 Chicago: The Lewis Publishing Co., 1919.

Crane, Verner W. Benjamin Franklin and detection, a Rising People. Help Me Get Money Roblox? Boston: Little, Brown Co., 1954. Cross, Arthur L. The Anglican Episcopate and the American Colonies. New York: Longmans, Green Co., 1902. Crowl, Philip A. Maryland During and After the Revolution. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1943. Cerrey, Cecil B. Code Number 72/Ben Franklin: Patriot or Spy? Engelwood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1972.

Dangerfield, George. Chancellor Robert R. Buy Writing About Quotes? Livingston of New York, 17461831. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1960. Daniel, Jere R. Experiment in me get, Republicanism: New Hampshire Politics and the American Revolution, 17411794. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1970. Davidson, Philip G. How To A Argumentative View? Propaganda and the American Revolution, 17631783.

Chapel Hill: University of Help money roblox, North Carolina Press, 1941. Dickerson, Oliver M. The Navigation Acts and the American Revolution. Do An Ib Chemistry? Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1951. Dillon, Dorothy. The New York Triumvirate: A Study of the Legal and Political Careers of William Livingston, John Morin Scott, William Smith, Jr. New York: Columbia University Press, 1949. Douglass, Elisha P. Rebels and Democrats: The Struggle for Equal Political Rights and Majority Rule During the American Revolution.

Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1955. Evans, Emory G. Planter Indebtedness and the Coming of the Revolution in Virginia. William and Mary Quarterly 19 (1962): 511533. Every, Dale Van. Forth to the Wilderness: the First American Frontier, 17541774. New York: William Morrow Co., 1961.

Fay, Bernard. Revolutionary Spirit in France and Help, America. Reprint 1927. New York: Cooper Square. Ferguson, E. James. The Nationalists of 17811783 and the Economic Interpretation of the Constitution.

Journal of American History 56 (1969): 241261. . The Power of the Purse: A History of How to do an lab report, American Public Finance, 17761790. Help Roblox? Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1961. Ferguson, Russell J. How To? Early Western Pennsylvania Politics. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1938. Foner, Eric. Tom Paine and Revolutionary America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. Foord, Archibald S. Help? His Majesty's Opposition, 17141830.

Oxford University Press, 1964. Freeman, Douglas Southall. George Washington: A Biography. 7 vols. New York: Scribners, 19481957. French, Allen.

The First Year of the American Revolution, Boston, 1934. Gadsden, Christopher. Writings, 17461805. Collected by Richard Walsh. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1966. Gerlach, Larry R. Prologue to Independence: New Jersey in the Coming of the American Revolution.

New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1976. Gipson, Lawrence H. The British Empire Before the American Revolution. 15 vols. 19361961; Caldwell, Idaho: The Caxton Printers, 19361955. Rev. ed., New York: Knopf, 19581967. Godechot, Jacques. France and the Atlantic Revolution of the 18th Century. Glencoe, Illinois: Free Press, 1965. Greene, Jack P. On Alias Detection? Bridge to Revolution: the Wilkes Fund Controversy in Help me get, South Carolina, 17691775.

Journal of Phd dissertation proposal, Southern History 29 (1963): 1952. . An Uneasy Connection: An Analysis of the Preconditions of the American Revolution. In Essays on the American Revolution. Edited by Kurtz and roblox, Hutson. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1973. Guttridge, George H. English Whiggism and the American Revolution. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1942.

Hamilton, Milton W. Sir William Johnson: Colonial American, 17151763. Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, 1976. Hanna, William S. Benjamin Franklin and with kalä±plarä±, Pennsylvania Politics. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1964. Haw, James. Maryland Politics on the Eve of Revolution: The Provincial Controversy, 17701773, Maryland Historial Magazine 65 (1970): 103129. Hawke, David Freeman. Paine. New York: Harper Row, 1974.

Higginbotham, Don. Daniel Morgan: Revolutionary Rifleman. Help Roblox? Chapel Hill: University of Year 10 essay writing, North Carolina Press, 1961. . The War of American Independence: Military Attitudes, Policies, and Practice, 17631789. Help Me Get? New York: Macmillan, 1971. Hindle, Brooke. David Rittenhouse. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1964. Hoffman, Ross J. View? S. The Marquis: A Study of Lord Rockingham, 17301782. New York: Fordham University Press, 1973. Hoffman, Ross J. S., ed.

Edmund Burke, New York Agent, with His Letters to the New York Assembly and Intimate Correspondence with Charles O'Hara, 17611776. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1956. Jacobson, David L. John Dickinson and the Revolution in Pennsylvania, 17641776. Roblox? Berkeley: University of California Press, 1965. Jacobson, David L., ed. The English Libertarian Heritage. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1965. Jameson, J. Franklin.

The American Revolution Considered as a Social Movement. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1926. Jellison, Charles A. A Argumentative Essay? Ethan Allen. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 1969. Jensen, Merrill. The Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the money roblox American Revolution, 17741781. Madison: University of Wisconson Press, 1948. . The Founding of a Nation: A History of the American Revolution, 17631776. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968.

Jones, Howard Mumford. Phd Dissertation On Alias? America and money, French Culture, 17501848. Chapel Hill: University of proposal, North Carolina Press, 1927. . O Strange New World: American Culture, The Formative Years. New York: Viking Press, 1964. Kammen, Michael G. A Rope of Help money, Sand: The Colonial Agents, British Policies, and the American Revolution. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1969. Kemmerer, Donald L. Path to Freedom: The Struggles for Self-Government in Colonial New Jersey, 17031776. Proposal On Alias Detection? Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1940. Knollenberg, Bernhard.

George Washington: the Virginia Period, 17321775. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1964. . Origins of the American Revolution: 17591765. New York: Macmillan Co., 1960. . Growth of the American Revolution, 17661775. Me Get Roblox? New York: The Free Press, 1975. Konkle, Burton A. George Bryan and the Constitution of Pennsylvania, 17311791.

Philadelphia: W. J. A Argumentative? Campbell, 1922. Labaree, Benjamin W. Patriots and Partisans: the Merchants of Newburyport, 17641815. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1962. . The Boston Tea Party. New York: Oxford University Press, 1964. Lefler, Hugh T. and Newsome, Albert R. Me Get Money Roblox? North Carolina. 2d rev. ed. Chapel Hill: University of to be national honor society urban dictionary, North Carolina Press, 1973. Leiby, Adrian C. Help Me Get? The Revolutionary War in the Hackensack Valley: The Jersey Dutch and the Neutral Ground, 17751783. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1962.

Lemisch, Jesse. Jack Tar in do an ib chemistry lab report, the Streets: Merchant Seamen in the Politics of Revolutionary America. William and Mary Quarterly 25 (1968): 371407. Lincoln, Charles H. The Revolutionary Movement in Pennsylvania, 17601776. Philadelphia, 1901. Lovejoy, David S. Rhode Island Politics and Help me get roblox, the American Revolution, 17601776. Providence, Rhode Island: Brown University Press, 1958. Lynd, Staughton. Anti-Federalism in Dutchess County, New York: A Study of Democracy and Class Conflict in the Revolutionary Era.

Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1962. McCrady, Edward. The History of South Carolina Under the Royal Government, 17191776. New York: Macmillan, 1899. McIlwain, Charles H. The American Revolution: A Constitutional Interpretation. New York: Macmillan, 1923. Mackesy, Piers. The War for America, 17751783. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1964. Maier, Pauline.

From Resistance to Revolution: Colonial Radicals and the Development of American Opposition to Britain, 17651776. New York: Random House, 1972. . John Wilkes and American Disillusionment with Britain. William and Mary Quarterly 20 (1963): 373395. Main, Jackson Turner. Political Parties Before the How to Constitution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1973.

. The Sovereign States, 17751783. Help Me Get Money Roblox? New York: New Viewpoints, 1973. Malone, Dumas. Jefferson the Virginian. Jefferson and His Time, vol. 1. Boston: Little, Brown Co., 1948. Malone, Joseph J. Pine Trees and Politics: The Naval Stores and Forest Policy in Colonial New England, 16911775.

Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1964. Mark, Irving. Agrarian Conflicts in Colonial New York, 17111775. Help An Essay Kalä±plarä±? New York: Columbia University Press, 1940. Marshall, P.J. Help Money? East India Fortunes: The British in Bengal in the Eighteenth Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. Mason, Bernard.

The Road to Independence: The Revolutionary Movement in ib chemistry lab report, New York, 17731777. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1966. May, Henry F. The Enlightenment in roblox, America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. Meade, Robert D. Patrick Henry, Vol. I. Juliet? Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lippincott, 1957. Metzger, Charles H. Catholics and the American Revolution: A Study in Religious Climate. Chicago: Loyola University, 1962. Miller, Helen Hill.

George Mason: Gentleman Revolutionary. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1975. Miller, John C. Origins of the me get money American Revolution. Year Juliet? Boston: Little, Brown Co., 1943; 2d rev. ed. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1959. . Help Money Roblox? Sam Adams: Pioneer in Propaganda.

Boston: Little, Brown Co., 1936. Monaghan, Frank. John Jay. New York: Bobbs-Merrill. 1935. Morais, Herbert M. Deism in Eighteenth Century America. New York: Columbia University Press, 1934.

. The Sons of Liberty in New York. In The Era of the American Revolution. How To? Edited by me get, Richard B. Morris. New York: Columbia University Press, 1939. Morgan, Edmund S., ed. Prologue to Revolution: Sources and Documents on the Stamp Act Crisis, 17641766. Chapel Hill: University of How to ib chemistry, North Carolina Press, 1959. Morgan, Edmund and Helen. The Stamp Act Crisis: Prologue to Revolution. Rev. ed.

New York: Collier Books, 1963. Morris, Richard B. The American Revolution Reconsidered. New York: Harper Row, 1967. . The Emerging Nations and roblox, the American Revolution. New York: Harper Row, 1970. . The Peacemakers: The Great Powers and American Independence. New York: Harper Row, 1965. Morton, Richard L. Colonial Virginia. 2 vols. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1960. Namier, Sir Lewis Bernstein.

England in the Age of the American Revolution. 2d ed. London: St. Martins Press, 1961. Nelson, William H. The American Tory. New York: Oxford University Press, 1961. Nettels, Curtis P. George Washington and proposal, American Independence. Boston: Little, Brown Co., 1951. Nevins, Allan. Help Money Roblox? The American States During and How to do an, After the Help me get money roblox Revolution, 17751789.

New York: Macmillan, 1924. Newcomer, Lee N. The Embattled Farmers: A Massachusetts Countryside in the American Revolution. New York: King's Crown Press, 1953. Nisbet, Robert A. The Social Impact of the Revolution. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1974. Norton, Mary Beth.

The British-Americans: The Loyalist Exiles in England, 17741789. Boston: Little, Brown Co., 1972. O'Connell, Maurice R. Irish Politics and Social Conflict in the Age of American Revolution. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1976. Palmer, Robert R. The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 17601800, Vol. 1: The Challenge. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1959. Park, Richard L.; Lambert, Richard D., eds.

The American Revolution Abroad. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 1976. Parkham, Francis. The Conspiracy of Pontiac. 10th rev. ed. New York: Collier Books, 1962. Peckham, Howard H. Pontiac and the Indian Uprising.

Chicago: University of with writing kalä±plarä±, Chicago Press, 1947. Pell, John, Ethan Allen. Boston New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1929. Quarles, Benjamin. The Negro in the American Revolution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1961.

Reubens, Beatrice G. Pre-Emptive Rights in the Disposition of a Confiscated Estate: Philipsburg Manor, New York. William and Mary Quarterly 22 (1965): 435456. Ritcheson, Charles R. British Politics and money roblox, the American Revolution. Norman: University of a argumentative essay, Oaklahoma Press, 1954. Robbins, Caroline. The Eighteenth Century Commonwealthman.

Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1959. . The Strenuous Whig: Thomas Hollis of Lincoln's Inn. William and Mary Quarterly 7 (1950): 406453. Roseman, Kenneth R. Thomas Mifflin and money roblox, the Politics of the American Revolution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1952. Rossiter, Clinton. Seedtime of the Republic: the Origins of the American Tradition of Political Liberty. New York: Harcourt, Brace Co., 1953. Rudé, George.

Wilkes and Liberty: A Social Study of a argumentative view, 1763 to 1774. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1962. Rutland, Robert A. George Mason: Reluctant Statesman. Williamsburg, Virginia: Colonial Williamsburg, 1961. Rutland, Robert A., ed. George Mason, Papers, 17251792. 3 vols. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1970. Scharf, John T., et al. History of Help me get roblox, Delaware, 1609 1888. 2 vols.

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: L. J. Richards Co., 1888. Schlesinger, Sr., Arthur M. The Colonial Merchants and Buy writing about quotes, the American Revolution, 17631776. New York: Columbia University Press, 1918. . Prelude to Independence: The Newspaper War on Britain, 17641776. Help Me Get Roblox? New York: Alfred A. Buy Writing About Quotes? Knopf, 1958. Selsam, John P. The Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1936. Shapiro, Darlene.

Ethan Allen: Philosopher-Theologian to Help me get money a Generation of American Revolutionaries. William and Mary Quarterly 21 (1964) 236255. Shy, John. A People Numerous and Armed: Reflections on the Military Struggle for American Independence. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. . Toward Lexington: The Role of the British Army in the Coming of the American Revolution. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1965. Shy, John, ed.

The American Revolution. Northbrook, Illinois: AHM Publishing Corp., 1973. Smith, Page. John Adams, 17351826. 2 vols. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1962. . A New Age Begins: A People's History of the American Revolution. Phd Dissertation Proposal? 2 vols.

New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976. Smith, Paul H. Loyalists and Redcoats: A Study in British Revolutionary Policy. Chapel Hill: University of me get money roblox, North Carolina Press, 1964. Soltow, James H. Scottish Traders in Virginia, 17501775. Economic History Review 21 (1959): 8398. Sosin, Jack M. Agents and Merchants: British Colonial Policy and the Origins of the American Revolution, 17631875. Lincoln: University of Want national society urban dictionary, Nebraska Press, 1965.

. Whitehall and the Wilderness: The Middle West in me get, British Colonial Policy, 17601775. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1961. Spaulding, Ernest W. How To Start View? His Excellency George Clinton, 17391812; Critic of the Constitution. New York: Macmillan, 1938. Sutherland, Lucy S. The City of money roblox, London and the Opposition to Government, 17681774: A Study in the Rise of Metropolitan Radicalism. London: University of London: The Athlone Press, 1959. Sydnor, Charles S. Gentlemen Freeholders: Political Practices in Washington's Virginia.

Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1952. Taylor, Robert J. Western Massachusetts in the Revolution. Providence, Rhode Island: Brown University, 1954. Taylor, Robert J., ed. Massachusetts, Colony to Commonwealth: Documents on essay view the Formation of its Constitution, 17751789.

Chapel Hill: University of Help me get money, North Carolina, 1961. Thayer, Theodore. Pennsylvania Politics and the Growth of Democracy, 17401776. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical Museum Commission, 1953. Thompson, Mack F. How To Ib Chemistry Lab Report? The Ward-Hopkins Controversy and the American Revolution in Rhode Island: An Interpretation. William and Mary Quarterly 16 (1959). Tolles, Frederick B. The American Revolution Considered as a Social Movement: A Re-evaluation.

American Historical Review 60 (19541955): 112. . Help Me Get Money Roblox? Meeting House and Counting House: the Want society Quaker Merchants of Colonial Philadelphia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1948. Tourtellot, Arthur B. William Diamond's Drum. New York: W. W. Norton Co., 1959. Trenchard, John and Gordon, Thomas. Cato's Letters. 4 vols. 1755. Reprint (4 vols, in 2).

New York: Da Capo Press, 1971. Tyler, Moses Coit. Patrick Henry. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1898. Ubbelohde, Carl. The Vice-Admiralty Courts and the American Revolution. Chapel Hill: University of Help money, North Carolina Press, 1960. Upton, Richard F. Revolutionary New Hampshire. Hanover, New Hampshire: Dartmouth College Publications, 1936. Van Alstyne, Richard W. Empire and start essay view, Independence: The International History of the American Revolution.

New York: John Wiley, 1965. Van de Water, Frederic. Me Get Money? The Reluctant Republic: Vermont, 17241791. How To Ib Chemistry Lab Report? New York: John Day Co., 1941. Van Doren, Carl. Benjamin Franklin. New York: Viking Press, 1938. Van Tyne, Claude H. The Causes of the War of Independence. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin Co., 1922. Ver Steeg, Clarence L. The American Revolution Considered as an Economic Movement.

Huntington Library Quarterly 20 (1957): 361372. . Robert Morris; Revolutionary Financier: With an Analysis of His Earlier Career. Philadelphia: University of roblox, Pennsylvania Press, 1954. Wainwright, Nicholas B. George Croghan: Wilderness Diplomat. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1959. Wallace, David D. History of South Carolina, Vol I. New York: American Historical Society, 1934. Wallace, Willard M. Appeal to Arms: A Military History of the American Revolution. New York: Harper Row, 1951. Walsh, Richard.

Charleston's Sons of Liberty: A Study of the Artisans, 17631789. To Be National Society? Columbia: University of Help me get, South Carolina Press, 1959. Ward, Christopher. The War of the Revolution. Edited by J. R. Alden. Phd Dissertation On Alias Detection? 2 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1952. Weigley, Russell F. The Partisan War: The South Carolina Campaign of 17801782. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1970. Weir, Robert M. A Most Important Epocha: The Coming of the Revolution in South Carolina.

Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1970. Willcox, William B. Portrait of a General: Sir Henry Clinton in the War of me get money, Independence. New York: Knopf, 1964. Wood, Gordon S. The Creation of the American Republic, 17761787. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1969. Yoshpe, Harry B. The Disposition of Loyalist Estates in the Southern District of the State of to be national honor society urban dictionary, New York. New York: Columbia University Press, 1939.

Young, Alfred F. Me Get? The Democratic Republicans of New York: the Origins, 17631797. Chapel Hill: University of about, North Carolina Press, 1967. Zeichner, Oscar. Connecticut's Years of Help roblox, Controversy, 17501776. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1949.

Zimmerman, John J. Charles Thomson, The Sam Adams of Philadelphia. Mississippi Valley Historical Review 45 (1958): 464480. Zobel, Hiller B. The Boston Massacre. New York: W. Phd Dissertation Detection? W. Norton, 1970. Last modified April 13, 2016. Copyright ©2004 - 2017 Liberty Fund, Inc.

All rights reserved. Application designed and developed by Help me get, Walter Davis Studio.

Jan 27, 2018 Help me get money roblox, order custom written essays online -

5.0 Marketing Strategy and Implementation. Real Estate Ventures, Inc. will own, operate, and lease clean, well maintained single family residences to Help me get roblox, well qualified tenants. Phd Dissertation Proposal. Others often miss the mark by investing in low quality properties which will not provide sufficient ROI (return on investment). Additionally other landlords often fall short in responding to tenants needs for repairs. When a tenant calls requesting repairs to me get money roblox, say a leaky faucet, Real Estate Ventures, Inc. Do An. will have a repairman on premises that same day and more than likely one of the owners will personally make the repair. What will set Real Estate Ventures, Inc. apart from other property managers will be its unique ability to bring quality properties and Help me get money tenants together. The following sections address the various tactics that will contribute to this effort. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A SWOT analysis is a method for strategic planning that evaluates these four elements as they relate to Real Estate Ventures, Inc.’s business objectives.

The following section helps demonstrate Real Estate Ventures, Inc.’s marketing strategy: The rental property is about, well located in a growing neighborhood with easy access to neighborhood schools, shopping and restaurants. Located less than 5 minutes from I-65, the me get money commute to proposal detection, Nashville is less than 20 minutes. Real Estate Ventures, Inc. has an approved tenant in place with a security deposit. The tenant has excellent credit and payment history. The tenant is me get money, known by Real Estate Ventures, Inc. and works as a teacher at Buy writing essays about quotes, the same school as Linda Rogers. Upgrades to me get money, the property will be made by a reputable contractor with a 15 year history with the owners of Real Estate Ventures, Inc.. Year 10 Essay Juliet. The owners of me get roblox, Real Estate Ventures, Inc. will paint the property themselves which will further reduce expenses. Real Estate Ventures, Inc. With Writing An Essay Kalä±plarä±. will come out of pocket in excess of $67,000 toward the house purchase and capital improvements resulting a low, loan to value (LTV) ratio of Help money roblox, 50%. The owners of Real Estate Ventures, Inc. have ‘day jobs’ and Help kalä±plarä± thus have additional income sources and savings to draw from to support business operations. New entrants into Help me get money, real estate property management, Real Estate Ventures, Inc. has limited experience owning and managing investment income properties.

Franklin has low vacancy levels at 6% compared to the national average of 7.9%. The property is located in a strong growing community and the fastest growing county in the state. Real Estate Ventures, Inc. has an opportunity to participate in a $1 million local real estate rental market. Investment real estate is economically tied – changes in unemployment, rent spikes and changes in the economy could adversely impact demand for rental units. 10 Essay Juliet. Declination in the local neighborhood could impact attractiveness of rents Cost overruns in the construction budget and failure to complete upgrades in time could impact Real Estate Ventures, Inc.’s cash flow.

Real Estate Ventures, Inc. will only lease solid, clean, well maintained investment properties that generate positive cash flow. In order to meet these objectives, Real Estate Ventures, Inc. will not make the mistakes many new landlords make and Help me get money perform thorough due diligence prior to purchasing any property; All perspective properties must meet the a argumentative essay view following requirements: Property must be clean and roblox well maintained Property must be a growing community with low vacancy rates Rents will be priced within market range – typically between the $1,100-$1,400 range Property must generate positive passive income All tenants will be required to: Pass background and credit checks; Provide verifiable references Provide non-refundable application fee to cover the costs associated with these checks. All tenants will be required to provide a security deposit. Tenants will be required to make payments via EFT which will further ensure payments will be made as agreed and on time. Real Estate Ventures, Inc. will strive to be a superlative landlord as well – by responding within one hour to any tenant issues regarding repairs and maintenance during normal business hours of operation. Weekend and evening calls will be answered the following business day unless it is a life threatening emergency (such as the smell of Want society, gas, water main breaks) in which case the owners will be paged immediately and an emergency response service will be sent. On a monthly basis, Real Estate Ventures, Inc. will change and replace air filters and monitor smoke and radon detectors. 5.3 Unique Selling Proposition (USP) The owners of Real Estate Ventures, Inc. love what they do! And it shows in from the quality of the Help money roblox properties they invest in to the caliber of tenants they lease to.

They thoroughly review the property and analyze the real estate market. Real Estate Ventures, Inc. How To A Argumentative Essay View. will continually monitor and evaluate the local market trends. They are in this for the long term! Real Estate Ventures, Inc. utilizes a thorough due diligence process prior to purchasing and investing in any property. Help Money Roblox. By doing their homework, Real Estate Ventures, Inc. can competitively price their rents – often at or below market. Thoroughly knowing their market gives Real Estate Ventures, Inc. the competitive edge over their competitors. How To. Further, Steve’s background in painting and Help me get money roblox his extensive connections in the construction field in the local Franklin market, gives Real Estate Ventures, Inc. the competitive edge when in it comes to knowing the quality and caliber of the local contractors. Many competitors will fall short and subcontract often to the lowest bidder with unknown track records. If a major tenant repair is required, Real Estate Ventures, Inc. will be prepared and have the ability to select the best contractor at a fair price. This in How to start a argumentative view, turn will keep expenses down and profit margins and return on me get roblox, investment on essay view, target.

5.5 Marketing Strategy and Positioning. Real Estate Ventures, Inc.’s marketing strategy incorporates a Focus Strategy – that is, it targets a specific target market. Help Me Get Money. Real Estate Ventures, Inc. concentrates their marketing efforts on attracting solid, credit worthy tenants that are motivated to essays about, live in growing, thriving comminutes. Real Estate Ventures, Inc. is a high quality real estate investment corporation. Real Estate Ventures, Inc. carefully and money roblox methodically selects its rental properties in growing neighborhoods, with low vacancy rates. The properties are clean, well maintained and provide positive cash flow. In keeping with their its high quality standards, Real Estate Ventures, Inc.’s tenants, reflect these attributes as well and have exceptional credit scores, timely rental payment history and a strong desire to live long term with their families in a solid community. 10 Essay Juliet. Real Estate Ventures, Inc. is me get money roblox, committed to their properties for the long term – they do not foster a “here today gone tomorrow” mentality.

Above all Real Estate Ventures, Inc.’s owners love what they do and Want to be national honor urban are committed to the company for money the long term. Real Estate Ventures, Inc. utilizes Competition Based Pricing – in which prices are based on the market. The company’s thorough due diligence process assures that they never buy the highest priced property or the Phd dissertation proposal detection lowest priced for that matter. 5.5.3 Promotion and Advertising Strategy. Real Estate Ventures, Inc. will primarily rely on advertising in the Franklin Elementary School Online Classified Ads and Word of Mouth advertising. As properties become available, Real Estate Ventures, Inc. will post signage in front of the property. As a last resort, Real Estate Ventures, Inc. will post classified ads with the local newspaper and Craigslist. Real Estate Ventures, Inc.’s website features properties available to rent, the business phone number to contact for information regarding renting or who to contact for repairs. Additionally the website will have links to complete an online application and links to key articles for tenants such as the importance of obtaining sufficient renters insurance for example. In the event that a property is available, the site will feature photos of the property along with detailed description of the roblox property, amenities, details of the surrounding neighborhood and any concessions that are currently available. Real Estate Ventures, Inc. is essays, uniquely sized to both personally own and manage its investment properties.

Through their extensive contacts in me get roblox, the Franklin area, Real Estate Ventures, Inc. hopes to rely on Word of How to ib chemistry, Mouth advertising and not be forced to allocate a large portion of their budget to advertising costs. Help Me Get Roblox. However, in the event that a property remains vacant for 30+ days, Real Estate Ventures, Inc. has a policy in place to purchase classified advertising space in both the local newspaper and on Craigslist. Real Estate Ventures, Inc. Help. will meet with prospects right on Help me get roblox, site. The prospects will be greeted and on alias treated with the utmost professionalism in a relaxed and respectful environment. The first meeting is an opportunity for the owners of Real Estate Ventures, Inc. to Help me get money, decide on leasing to the prospective tenant. If the prospect seems disagreeable, unpleasant or makes unrealistic requests, Real Estate Ventures, Inc. Help With. will not lease the property. If however the Help roblox prospect is professional, and essays about quotes has reasonable requests, then this meeting will be considered along with the Help me get money credit report and background check in making a decision to lease. The following table represents the estimated sales from the rental unit the initial three years of operations. The analysis assumes 100% leased and start a argumentative no escalations in Help me get, rent the initial two years.

Table 5.6.1 Annual Sales Forecast. The owners of Real Estate Ventures, Inc. personally lease their properties and do not need to pay incentives to sales agents. However, just like sales agents, the owners of Real Estate Ventures, Inc. are motivated to lease properties quickly- after all vacant properties do not generate revenue! Although the owners of Real Estate Ventures, Inc. With Writing An Essay. are motivated to get tenants in Help roblox, quickly they will not ‘rush’ at the expense of sacrificing quality. How To Start Essay View. If Real Estate Ventures, Inc. is Help roblox, unable to Phd dissertation on alias detection, find a perspective tenant in a reasonable amount of time (approximately 30 days) then the cost of doing business are the me get money roblox advertising costs associated with placing classified ads with the local newspaper and Craigslist. Clean title and zoning, will be instrumental in purchasing investment real estate.

The title search and tax record search must confirm this prior to Real Estate Ventures, Inc. purchasing any property. The title search must be free of Buy writing essays quotes, liens. All maintenance and repairs will be performed by bonded and licensed contractors that are in good standing with the state. Following are the Milestones Real Estate Ventures, Inc. believes will allow them to Help me get money roblox, meet their objectives. Table 5.8 Milestones. In the event the rental unit remains vacant for an extended period of time or in the event that extreme repairs and depletes all cash reserves, the honor dictionary secondary recourse will be to the owners. After the owners have depleted their personal reserves, the Help money roblox property will be sold.

Proceeds will be used to satisfy obligations to proposal on alias, creditors and any surplus will be returned to the owners. The following section highlights ownership and me get roblox future staffing expectations of Real Estate Ventures, Inc.: Both Linda and Steve Rogers will own and manage the Help with writing kalä±plarä± subject real estate. Me Get. Steve Rogers will perform routine maintenance requirements and repairs. Start Essay. Linda Rogers will manage the daily bookkeeping requirements. She will submit payments to vendors such as trash service and recycling service, and forward the required information to Real Estate Ventures, Inc.’s certified public accountant for preparation of the annual income taxes. Steve Rogers will oversee the day to Help me get, day maintenance of the rental unit. On a monthly basis he will replace air filters, inspect the grounds, and make notations of the overall physical condition of the on alias detection property. The tenant will be put on Help money, notice for example if the yard needs to be mowed or weeds appear to quotes, be an issue. The tenant will have sufficient time to remedy the notice and will be fined daily until the issue has been resolved.

Steve has successfully owned and operated his painting business for Help me get roblox 15+ years and is in the neighborhood on a daily basis. He will drive by with writing an essay, the property frequently for Help visual inspections of the property. He is readily available in the event the tenant has any repair needs. Linda Rogers will oversee the day to day bookkeeping needs for the rental property. All tenants will be required to agree to EFT (electronic funds transfer) for Help with an essay monthly payments – which should minimize the need to collect rents. Real Estate Ventures, Inc. Me Get. does not have an accountant or attorney on its staff.

Income tax preparation and consulting services will be provided by How to do an ib chemistry, the owner’s long term personal public accountant. Real Estate Ventures, Inc. will rely on Help me get money, their title company to verify clear title. Steve and Linda Rogers will own and operate Real Estate Ventures, Inc. but draw no salary; both owners have outside incomes and will not draw salaries from the properties. Table 6.4 Personnel Plan. Steve and Linda Rogers, owners and operators. The following financial plan covers the following: Required Cost of Start-Up Profit and writing an essay Loss Cash Flow Balance Sheet Financial Ratios.

Construction Budget Real Estate Ventures, Inc. estimates a 1 month completion. Work will be performed by Help me get money, a contractor that is well known by the owners. The contractor is bonded, licensed and in good standing with the a argumentative view state. Source of Funds The owners of money roblox, Real Estate Ventures, Inc. received approximately $100,000 in inheritance and have access to liquidity to fund start up costs and meet operating shortfalls. However, they plan to invest a portion of these proceeds into additional rental income properties. Additional source of funds comes from both owners 'day jobs' - Steve Rogers owns his own house painting business and Linda Rogers is a math teacher at Franklin Elementary. Profit and Loss Vacancy levels in Franklin are a low 6% and is substantially lower than the national average of 7.9%. The analysis assumes 100% occupancy over Year juliet the 3 years reviewed. The following table represents start up costs. Table 7.2 Start-Up Costs. The owners of me get roblox, Real Estate Ventures, Inc. received approximately $100,000 in Help with, inheritance and have access to liquidity to fund start up costs and meet operating shortfalls.

However, they plan to invest a portion of these proceeds into additional rental income properties. Additional source of funds comes from both owners 'day jobs' - Steve Rogers owns his own house painting business and Help money roblox Linda Rogers is an elementary school math teacher at Franklin Elementary. The following table shows the proposed Source and Use of Funds: Table 7.3 Source and Use of Funds. The rental income property is expected to generate $1,300 in monthly rent or $15,600 annually. Break even rents required are $14,020 or approximately 10.78 months of revenue. The following chart depicts break-even analysis: Table 7.4 Break-Even Analysis. The proforma profit and loss is based on the initial 3 years associated with the subject property.

Table 7.5.1 Pro Forma Profit and Loss. The statement of cash flow shows the incoming and Year 10 essay writing juliet outgoing cash of the business. Table 7.5.2 Pro Forma Cash Flow. Table 7.5.3 Pro Forma Balance Sheet. The business ratios are based on NAICS code 531110.

The ratios demonstrate that Real Estate Ventures, Inc. is well capitalized, has a low leverage position and has good liquidity. Real Estate Ventures, Inc. compares more favorably to its industry peers primarily due to the owner’s injection in equity.

Jan 27, 2018 Help me get money roblox, write my research paper -

39-Year-Old Woman With an Obscure Case of Anemia. A 39-year-old woman was referred to me get money our institution for evaluation of anemia. She was known to have multiple comorbidities and had a baseline hemoglobin concentration of approximately 10.5 g/dL. About 6 months before her referral, the patient began having recurrent episodes of severe anemia, with hemoglobin values as low as 3.5 g/dL. She had become transfusion-dependent and had received about 30 units of packed red blood cells (RBCs) in How to start a argumentative essay, the preceding 3 months. The patient denied any history of Help roblox, easy bruisability, menorrhagia, or overt evidence of bleeding from any site. Additionally, she denied any change in the appearance or color of 10 essay writing, her urine and had no history of jaundice. Help Me Get Money! There was no family history of anemia or any other hematologic disorder. As an outpatient, she had undergone an juliet extensive evaluation at another institution, but results failed to Help me get roblox provide an explanation for writing an essay kalä±plarä± her anemia.

The patient's medical history was remarkable for severe asthma, thought to be due to Churg-Strauss syndrome. She had a tunneled central venous catheter for self-administration of intravenous corticosteroids at me get roblox, the earliest sign of an asthmatic exacerbation. Her other medications included bronchodilators, weekly erythropoietin injections, intravenous iron therapy, an antidepressant, and an anxiolytic. At presentation, the patient's vital signs were normal. Physical examination was unremarkable except for mild generalized pallor. Proposal Detection! A complete blood count on the day of admission revealed the following (reference ranges shown parenthetically): hemoglobin, 4.9 g/dL (12.0-15.5 g/dL); mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 94.4 fL (81.6-98.3 fL); hematocrit, 13.4% (34.9%-44.5%); leukocyte count, 6.0 #x000d7; 10 9 /L (3.5-10.5 #x000d7; 10 9 /L); and platelet count, 203 #x000d7; 10 9 /L (150-450 #x000d7; 10 9 /L). The patient's partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio were normal. These results were obtained within 24 hours of her last transfusion. Several cases of factitious anemia have been reported in the literature.

1,2 The patient is seldom caught in the act and usually denies the me get roblox, behavior, making the proposal on alias detection, diagnosis difficult to establish incontrovertibly. Patients with this condition often have underlying psychiatric issues and constantly need to assume the money, sick role. Once the diagnosis is suspected, the patient should be confronted, and removal of any contributing medical device is essential. Ib Chemistry Lab Report! Early diagnosis is usually difficult but may prevent repeated hospitalizations and money roblox, the risks associated with invasive diagnostic procedures. 2 Management is usually extremely difficult but should be centered around long-term psychotherapy. 2 A multidisciplinary approach is of utmost importance because patients usually become very uncooperative when they are discovered and may make attempts to break off relations with the current medical staff and seek medical attention elsewhere. Providing optimal management to an uncooperative patient may be difficult without violating the patient's autonomy. Therefore, a psychiatric consultation should be arranged as soon as possible, and seeking assistance from the institution's ethics and legal committees may be prudent. An Essay Kalä±plarä±! The current case provides an opportunity to highlight an approach to the patient presenting with anemia. Anemia can be classified according to measurement of RBC size, as seen on the peripheral blood smear and as indicated by the MCV.

This morphological approach categorizes the me get money, anemias as microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic, providing a useful starting point to narrow the list of differential diagnoses. By definition, the MCV is normal (80-100 fL) in patients with normocytic anemia, low (#x0003c;80 fL) in patients with microcytic anemia, and high (#x0003e;100 fL) in Phd dissertation proposal on alias, patients with macrocytic anemia. 3. Help Roblox! The presence of a microcytic anemia usually indicates a pathologic process involving hemoglobin synthesis. The most common cause is iron deficiency, but other classic causes include the thalassemias and ib chemistry lab report, other hemoglobinopathies, lead poisoning, sideroblastic anemia, and, less commonly, anemia of chronic disease. If microcytosis is identified, the next step would be to roblox differentiate among these common causes, and this can be done by assessing serum iron studies, which include serum ferritin, iron, total iron-binding capacity, and transferrin saturation. In iron deficiency, the classic findings are a low serum ferritin value, which is How to do an, diagnostic, elevated total iron-binding capacity, and low saturation. Other findings include a peripheral blood smear showing anisocytosis and poikilocytosis. If the serum ferritin level and other iron studies are normal, then thalassemia should be considered, and money roblox, hemoglobin electrophoresis should be performed for the definitive diagnosis. Caution must be taken in interpreting the iron studies in Want to be national dictionary, anemia of chronic disease because findings are often inconsistent. Help Me Get! The entire clinical scenario must be taken into start, account. Help Me Get Money Roblox! 3 Sideroblastic anemias may be hereditary or acquired, and the latter is characterized by increased RBC distribution width, dimorphic RBCs, and bone marrow ringed sideroblasts.

If the How to a argumentative, anemia is found to be normocytic, the next step would be to differentiate between RBC destruction/loss and a hypoproliferative state. The presence of an increased reticulocyte response (#x0003e;100 #x000d7; 10 9 /L) suggests either loss or destruction of RBCs; thus, differentiation of these 2 conditions must be made. Me Get Money! Hemolysis is characterized by elevated indirect bilirubin levels, decreased serum haptoglobin levels, and increased serum LDH levels. Also, the peripheral smear may reveal several abnormalities, such as fragmented RBCs and other abnormally shaped RBCs. If laboratory parameters or the peripheral smear is not suggestive of hemolysis, then a bleeding source should be sought. Help An Essay Kalä±plarä±! A normocytic anemia without reticulocytosis indicates an me get roblox aplastic anemia; myelophthisis in which the bone marrow is replaced by How to a argumentative view, fibrosis, tumor, or other abnormal cells; or lack of erythropoietin, which can be seen classically in renal failure. The first step in evaluating a macrocytic anemia should be ruling out a marked reticulocytosis (polychromasia). Polychromasia may cause a regenerative macrocytosis. If this is found, evaluation for hemolysis or blood loss should be performed as outlined previously.

Macrocytic anemias may be due to defects in DNA synthesis, resulting in Help me get roblox, oval macrocytes, or increase in the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio in membranes, resulting in round macrocytes. Writing An Essay! Oval macrocytosis is classically due to vitamin B 12 or folate deficiency. If neither is money roblox, present, then a bone marrow biopsy is warranted to look for the presence of a myelodysplastic syndrome. Round macrocytes may be due to severe alcoholism, liver disease, or hypothyroidism. Also, tobacco use and advanced age may result in round macrocytosis without anemia. Want To Be Urban! Factitious disorders are difficult to diagnose. However, our patient presented with several clues, including her previous psychiatric history and me get money, the recurrent dramatic decreases in her hemoglobin concentration, usually when she was unsupervised. Heightened suspicion is the first step in arriving at the correct diagnosis. Additionally, if anemia is approached in a logical stepwise manner, as outlined previously, multiple expensive, unnecessary, and How to start view, invasive investigations can be avoided, and if due to a factitious disorder, necessary psychotherapy can be implemented in Help me get money roblox, a more timely fashion.

We thank J. Michael Bostwick MD, Department of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, for his expertise in detection, the care of this patient and guidance in the preparation of the Help me get roblox, submitted manuscript. Help With Writing Kalä±plarä±! See end of article for correct answers to questions.

Jan 27, 2018 Help me get money roblox, essay writer for all kinds of papers -

college essay genres Literary Terms and Definitions: C. This page is under perpetual construction! It was last upda ted January 5, 2017. CACOPHONY (Greek, bad sound): The term in poetry refers to the use of Help me get roblox words that combine sharp, harsh, hissing, or unmelodious sounds. Phd Dissertation On Alias Detection! It is me get money roblox, the opposite of euphony . CADEL (Dutch cadel and/or French cadeau , meaning a gift; a little something extra): A small addition or extra item added to start essay, an initial letter. Common cadels include pen-drawn faces or grotesques.

Examples include the faces appearing in the initial letters of the Lansdowne 851 manuscript of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales . CADENCE : The melodic pattern just before the me get end of Year a sentence or phrase--for instance an interrogation or an exhortation. More generally, the natural rhythm of language depending on the position of stressed and unstressed syllables. Cadence is a major component of individual writers' styles. A cadence group is a coherent group of Help money roblox words spoken as a single rhythmical unit, such as a prepositional phrase, of parting day or a noun phrase, our inalienable rights. CADENCE GROUP : See discussion under cadence . CAESURA (plural: caesurae ): A pause separating phrases within lines of poetry--an important part of poetic rhythm . Year Writing Juliet! The term caesura comes from the Help money Latin a cutting or a slicing. Some editors will indicate a caesura by inserting a slash (/) in the middle of a poetic line. Others insert extra space in Help with an essay kalä±plarä±, this location. Others do not indicate the Help me get money caesura typographically at all. CALQUE : An expression formed by individually translating parts of Want national honor society a longer foreign expression and Help money roblox, then combining them in about quotes, a way that may or may not make literal sense in the new language.

Algeo provides the example of the English phrase trial balloon , which is a calque for the French ballon d'essai (Algeo 323). CALLIGRAPHIC WORK : In medieval manuscripts, this is (as Kathleen Scott states), Decorative work, usually developing from or used to make up an important or introductory initial, or developing from ascenders at the top of the page and descenders at the bottom of the justified text; a series of strokes made by holding a quill constant at Help me get roblox one angle to produce broader and narrower lines, which in combination appear to overlap one another to form strap-work (Scott 370). CANCEL : A bibliographical term referring to a leaf which is substituted for How to ib chemistry, one removed by the printers because of an error. For instance, the first quarto of Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida has a title page existing in both cancelled and uncancelled states, leaving modern readers in some doubt as to whether the play should be considered a comedy, history, or tragedy. CANON (from Grk kanon , meaning reed or measuring rod): Canon has three general meanings. (1) An approved or traditional collection of works. Originally, the term canon applied to the list of books to be included as authentic biblical doctrine in the Hebrew and Christian Bible, as opposed to apocryphal works (works of dubious, mysterious or uncertain origin). Click here for more information. (2) Today, literature students typically use the word canon to me get roblox, refer to Year juliet, those works in anthologies that have come to be considered standard or traditionally included in the classroom and published textbooks. In this sense, the money canon denotes the entire body of literature traditionally thought to be suitable for admiration and study. (3) In addition, the word canon refers to the writings of an author that scholars generally accepted as genuine products of said author, such as the Chaucer canon or the Shakespeare canon. How To Start Essay View! Chaucer's canon includes The Canterbury Tales , for money, instance, but it does not include the apocryphal work, The Plowman's Tale, which has been mistakenly attributed to him in the past. Likewise, the Shakespearean canon has only two apocryphal plays ( Pericles and the Two Noble Kinsmen ) that have gained wide acceptance as authentic Shakespearean works beyond the thirty-six plays contained in the First Folio.

NB : Do not confuse the spelling of cannon (the big gun) with canon (the official collection of literary works). The issue of to be national urban dictionary canonical literature is a thorny one. Help Money! Traditionally, those works considered canonical are typically restricted to dead white European male authors. Many modern critics and teachers argue that women, minorities, and non-Western writers are left out of the literary canon unfairly. Additionally, the canon has always been determined in How to do an lab report, part by Help me get money roblox, philosophical biases and Phd dissertation proposal detection, political considerations. In response, some critics suggest we do away with a canon altogether, while others advocate enlarging or expanding the existing canon to achieve a more representative sampling. CANTICLE : A hymn or religious song using words from any part of the Bible except the Psalms. CANTO : A sub-division of an epic or narrative poem comparable to a chapter in a novel. Examples include the Help me get money divisions in Dante's Divine Comedy , Lord Byron's Childe Harold , or Spenser's Faerie Queene . Cf. fit . CANZONE : In general, the term has three meanings. (1) It refers generally to the words of to be urban a Provençal or Italian song. Help! (2) More specifically, an Italian or Provençal song relating to love or the praise of beauty is a canzone. (3) Poems in start, English that bear some similarity to Help me get, Provençal lyrics are called canzones --such as Auden's unrhymed poem titled Canzone, which uses the lab report end words of the first twelve-line stanza in each of the following stanzas. CAPTIVITY NARRATIVE : A narrative, usually autobiographical in origin, concerning colonials or settlers who are captured by money roblox, Amerindian or aboriginal tribes and live among them for some time before gaining freedom. An example would be Mary Rowlandson's A Narrative of the Captivity and Restauration of Mrs.

Mary Rowlandson , which details her Indian captivity among the Wampanoag tribe in the late seventeenth century. Contrast with escape literature and slave narrative . CARDINAL VIRTUES (also called the do an Four Pagan Virtues ): In contrast to the three spiritual or Christian virtues of me get fides (faith), spes (hope), and caritas (love) espoused in the New Testament, the four cardinal virtues consisted of prudence, temperance, fortitude, and justice. Theologians like Saint Augustine argued Christians alone monopolized faith in a true God, hope of a real afterlife, and the ability to love human beings not for their own sake, but as a manifestation of God's creation. However, these early theologians argued that pagans could still be virtuous in the cardinal virtues, the Want to be national honor urban dictionary old values of the Roman Empire before the coming of Christianity. Help! In Latin terminology, pagan Rome espoused the four cardinal virtues as follows: The Latin four-fold classification--later adopted by Saint Augustine and start essay view, Saint Thomas Aquinas--originates in much older Greek philosophy. Money Roblox! In The Republic , Plato uses similar virtues as a way to dissect the roles different citizens would play in an ideal state. Cf. pietas . Cf. Help Writing! Seven Deadly Sins . CARET (Lat., it lacks): Also called a wedge , an up-arrow , or a hat , this editorial mark looks much the Greek letter lambda or an arrowhead pointing upwards. Here is an example: ^ . An editor will write a caret underneath a line of text to Help roblox, indicate that a word, letter, or punctuation mark needs insertion at the spot where the with writing kalä±plarä± two lines converge.

CARMEN : (Lat. song or poem): The generic Latin term for a song or poem--especially a love-song or love-poem. After Ovid was banished to Tomis by me get roblox, the Emperor in the year 8 AD, he wrote that his crime was carmen et error (a song and a mistake). Want! This has led some scholars to me get money roblox, wonder if his scandalous poem The Ars Amatoria (The Art of Love) may have invoked the wrath of Emperor Augustus whose Julian Marian laws sought to curb adultery and illicit sexuality. CARPE DIEM : Literally, the phrase is Latin for seize the Buy writing quotes day, from carpere (to pluck, harvest, or grab) and the accusative form of die (day). The term refers to a common moral or theme in classical literature that the reader should make the most out of life and should enjoy it before it ends. Poetry or literature that illustrates this moral is roblox, often called poetry or literature of the carpe diem tradition. Examples include Marvell's To His Coy Mistress, and Herrick's To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time. Cf.

Anacreontics , Roman Stoicism , Epicureanism , transitus mundi , and the ubi sunt motif. CASE : The inflectional form of a noun, pronoun, or (in some languages) adjective that shows how the word relates to the verb or to other nouns of the same clause. Help With Writing An Essay! For instance, them is the objective case of they , and their is the possessive case of they . Common cases include the nominative, the accusative, the genitive, the dative, the ablative, the me get vocative, and the instrumental forms. Patterns of particular endings added to words to indicate their case are called declensions . Click here for expanded information. CASTE DIALECT : A dialect spoken by specific hereditary classes in a society. Often the use of caste dialect marks the Buy writing about quotes speaker as part of Help me get money roblox that particular class. Do An Lab Report! For instance, a dalit or untouchable is the lowest caste in the Indian Hindu caste system while a brahmin is the highest caste.

Although the two groups may frequently share a common language, they each also have specialized vocabulary and speech mannerisms that to a native speaker may quickly advertise their social background. CATACHRESIS (Grk. misuse): A completely impossible figure of speech or an implied metaphor that results from combining other extreme figures of speech such as anthimeria , hyperbole , synaesthesia , and metonymy . The results in each case are so unique that it is hard to state a general figure of speech that embodies all of the possible results. Me Get Money Roblox! It is far easier to give examples. For instance, Hamlet says of Gertrude, I will speak daggers to her. Want To Be Honor Dictionary! A man can speak words, but no one can literally speak daggers.

In spite of that impossibility, readers know Shakespeare means Hamlet will address Gertrude in a painful, contemptuous way. Help Money Roblox! In pop music from the 1980s, the performer Meatloaf tells a disappointed lover, There ain't no Coup de Ville hiding the bottom of a crackerjack box. The image of a luxury car hidden as a prize in the bottom of a tiny cardboard candybox emphasizes how unlikely or impossible it is his hopeful lover will find such a fantastic treasure in someone as cheap, common, and unworthy as the speaker in these lyrics. Sometimes the catachresis results from do an lab report, stacking one impossibility on Help money top of another. Consider these examples: There existed a void inside that void within his mind. Want To Be Honor Urban Dictionary! Joe will have kittens when he hears this! I will sing victories for money, you. A man that studies revenge keeps his own wounds green.--Bacon I do not ask much: / I beg cold comfort. --Shakespeare, ( King John 5.7.41) His complexion is proposal, perfect gallows--Shakespeare, ( Tempest 1.1.33) And that White Sustenance--Despair--Dickinson The Oriel Common Room stank of logic --Cardinal Newman O, I could lose all Father now--Ben Jonson, on the death of his seven-year old son.

The voice of your eyes is deeper than all roses --e.e. cummings. For a more recent example, consider the disturbingly cheerful pop song by Foster the People, Pumped Up Kicks, which deals with a school shooting. Here, the shooter/narrator thinks, I've waited for a long time. Yeah, the sleight of my hand is Help, now a quick-pull trigger. / I reason with my cigarette. One can reason with induction or deduction, but how does one reason with a cigarette? Here, the catachresis might evoke the idea of the cool kid using personal style instead of a persuasive argument, or it might evoke the imagery of torture--burning victims with a cigarette-butt to Buy writing essays about quotes, make one's point. This sort of evocative, almost nonsensical language is the me get money heart of good catachresis. Other examples, in The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien uses catachresis to national honor dictionary, describe Legolas's disgusted outburst at encountering an Orc by asserting, 'Yrch!' siad Legolas, falling into his own tongue.' One call fall into a pool of water or fall into a bed, but how does one fall into a language?

As Milton so elegantly phrased it, catachresis is all about blind mouths. Such catachresis often results from hyperbole and Help me get money, synaesthesia . A special subtype of catachresis is abusio , a mixed metaphor that results when two metaphors collide. For instance, one U. S. senator learned of an Year unlikely political alliance. He is said to have exclaimed, Now that is a horse of me get money roblox a different feather. This abusio is the result of proposal on alias two metaphors.

The first is the cliché metaphor comparing anything unusual to Help, a horse of a different color. The second is the proverbial metaphor about How to view how birds of a feather flock together. However, by me get roblox, taking the two dead metaphors and combining them, the resulting image of a horse of a different feather truly emphasizes how bizarre and unlikely the honor urban resulting political alliance was. Me Get Money Roblox! Intentionally or not, the senator created an ungainly, unnatural animal that reflects the ungainly, unnatural coalition he condemned. Purists of languages often scrowl at abusio with good reason. Too commonly abusio is the result of sloppy writing, such as the history student who wrote the dreadful hand of totalitarianism watches all that goes on around it and growls at Year its enemies. (It would have been better to stick with a single metaphor and state the eye of totalitarianism watches all that goes on around it and glares at its enemies. We should leave out the mixed imagery of Help me get money watchful hands growling at people; it's just stupid and inconsistent.) However, when used intentionally for a subtle effect, abusio and catachresis can be powerful tools for originality. CATALECTIC : In poetry, a catalectic line is a truncated line in which one or more unstressed syllables have been dropped, especially in Year 10 essay juliet, the final metrical foot.

For instance, acephalous or headless lines are catalectic, containing one fewer syllable than would be normal for the line. For instance, Babette Deutsche notes the second line in this couplet from A. E. Help Me Get Money! Housman is catalectic: And if my ways are not as theirs, Let them mind their own affairs. On the other hand, in Want to be honor urban, trochaic verse, the final syllable tends to be the Help roblox truncated one, as Deutsche notes about the essays quotes first two lines of me get roblox Shelley's stanza: Music, when soft voices die,

Vibrates in the memory-- Odours, when sweet violets sicken, Live within the senses they quicken. The term catalectic contrasts with an acatalectic line, which refers to a normal line of poetry containing the expected number of syllables in each line, or a hypercatalectic line, which has one or more extra syllables than would normally be expected. CATALEXIS : Truncation of a poetic line--i.e., in poetry, a catalectic line is shortened or truncated so that unstressed syllables drop from a line. The act of such truncation is called catalexis. Want National Honor Society Urban! If catalexis occurs at me get money roblox the start of a line, that line is proposal on alias, said to be acephalous or headless. See catalectic . CATALOGING : Creating long lists for Help me get money, poetic or rhetorical effect. The technique is common in epic literature, where conventionally the poet would devise long lists of famous princes, aristocrats, warriors, and mythic heroes to be lined up in How to do an, battle and slaughtered.

The technique is also common in the practice of roblox giving illustrious genealogies (and so-and-so begat so-and-so, or x, son of y, son of z etc.) for famous individuals. An example in American literature is Whitman's multi-page catalog of American types in section 15 of Song of Myself. An excerpt appears below: The pure contralto sings in the organ loft, The carpenter dresses his plank, the tongue of his foreplane whistles its wild ascending lisp, The married and unmarried children ride home to their Thanksgiving dinner, The pilot seizes the king-pin, he heaves down with a strong arm, The mate stands braced in national urban dictionary, the whale-boat, lance and Help me get, harpoon are ready, The duck-shooter walks by silent and cautious stretches, The deacons are ordained with crossed hands at How to a argumentative essay view the altar, The spinning-girl retreats and advances to the hum of the big wheel,

The farmer stops by the bars as he walks on a First-day loaf and looks at the oats and me get money roblox, rye, The lunatic is carried at last to the asylum a confirmed case. [etc.] One of the more humorous examples of cataloging appears in the Welsh Mabinogion . In one tale, Culhwch and Olwen, the protagonist invokes in an oath all the proposal on alias names of King Arthur's companion-warriors, giving lists of their unusual attributes or abilities running to six pages. CATASTROPHE : The turning downward of the plot in a classical tragedy. By tradition, the catastrophe occurs in the fourth act of the play after the climax. Me Get! (See tragedy .) Freytag's pyramid illustrates visually the normal charting of the catastrophe in a plotline.

CATCH : A lyric poem or song meant to be sung as a round, with the words arranged in each line so that the audience will hear a hidden (often humorous or ribald) message as the groups of singers sing their separate lyrics and Buy writing about quotes, space out the wording of the poem. For example, one might write a song in which the first line contained the words up, the word look appears in the middle of the third line, the Help me get money word dress appears in the second line, and the word her appears in the middle of the fourth line. When the How to lab report song or poem is sung as a round by Help me get roblox, four groups of 10 essay singers, the word order and timing is Help me get, arranged so that the singers create the hidden phrase look up her dress as they sing, to the amusement of the audience as they listen to an otherwise innocent set of Help with lyrics. Robert Herrick's To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time is an example of a catch, and when William Lawes adapted the poem to Help me get money roblox, music for Milton's masque Comus , it became one of the most popular drinking songs of the Buy writing about quotes 1600s (Damrosche 844-45). CATCHWORD : This phrase comes from printing; it refers to a trick printers would use to Help money roblox, keep pages in How to do an ib chemistry, their proper order. The printer would print a specific word below the Help money roblox text at the bottom of a page. This word would match the first word on essays the next page. A printer could thus check the order by flipping quickly from one page to the next and making sure the roblox catchword matched appropriately. This trick has been valuable to modern codicologists because it allows us to note missing pages that have been lost, misplaced, or censored.

CATHARSIS : An emotional discharge that brings about a moral or spiritual renewal or welcome relief from essays about quotes, tension and anxiety. According to Aristotle, catharsis is the marking feature and Help me get, ultimate end of any tragic artistic work. He writes in his Poetics (c. 350 BCE): Tragedy is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and 10 essay juliet, of a certain magnitude; . . . Me Get! through pity [ eleos ] and proposal, fear [ phobos ] effecting the proper purgation [ catharsis ] of these emotions (Book 6.2). (See tragedy .) Click here to download a pdf handout concerning this material. CAVALIER : A follower of Charles I of money England (ruled c. 1625-49) in his struggles with the Puritan-dominated parliament. The term is used in contrast with Roundheads , his Puritan opponents.

Cavaliers were primarily wealthy aristocrats and courtiers. They were famous for Year juliet, their long hair, fancy clothing, licentious or hedonistic behavior, and their support of the arts. See Cavalier drama and Cavalier poets , below. Help! Ultimately, Cromwell led the Roundheads in a coup d'état and established a Puritan dictatorship in England, leading to the end of the English Renaissance and its artistic, scientific, and cultural achievements. To see where Charles' reign fits in English history, you can download this PDF handout listing the reigns of English monarchs chronologically. CAVALIER DRAMA : A form of English drama comprising court plays that the Queen gave patronage to How to start a argumentative view, in the 1630s.

Most critics have been underimpressed with these plays, given that they are mostly unoriginal and money, written in a ponderous style. The Puritan coup d'état and essay view, the later execution of King Charles mercifully terminated the dramatic period, but unfortunately also ended their poetry, which was quite good in comparison. CAVALIER POETS : A group of Cavalier English lyric poets who supported King Charles I and wrote during his reign and Help me get money roblox, who opposed the Puritans, his political enemies. The major Cavalier poets included Carew, Waller, Lovelace, Sir John Suckling, and How to do an ib chemistry, Herrick. Me Get Money Roblox! They largely abandoned the sonnet form favored for a century earlier, but they still focused on the themes of love and sensuality and their work illustrates technical virtuosity as J. A. Help With! Cuddon put it (125). They show strong signs of Help me get roblox Ben Jonson's influence. CAVE, THE : Not to be confused with Plato's allegorical cave , this term is a nickname for a gathering of Tolkien and fellow Oxford English scholars in the 1930s before the Inklings formed. As Drout's J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia summarizes the details, the to be national honor dictionary name comes from I Samuel 22:1-2, where the Cave of Adullam became the roblox place for David's conpiracies against King Saul, possibly implying that the members of the Cave at Phd dissertation on alias detection Oxford saw themselves as righteously subversive of the Help academic establishment. Phd Dissertation Proposal On Alias Detection! Members of the Cave included C.S.

Lewis, J.R.R. Help Money Roblox! Tolkien, Neville Coghill, Hugh Dyson, and Cleanth Brooks. They were distinguished scholars of various fields. Eventually, in 1933, C.S. Lewis's brother Warnie retired to Oxford after a bout with alcoholism and could not regularly make meetings at the Cave. C.S. Year! Lewis took it upon me get himself to raid the Cave for national society dictionary, similarly-minded scholars to become a part of the new Inklings group (Lobdell cited in Drout 88). Help Roblox! Cf.

Inklings and Cave, Plato's below. CAVE, PLATO'S : In Plato's Republic , Socrates, Plato, and several of their fellows debate the nature of ideal government. In the section on education in this ideal Republic, they argue about the purpose of education. As part of Socrates' argument, the discussion veers into an allegory in Help with writing an essay kalä±plarä±, which human existence is being trapped in a cave of ignorance, chained in me get roblox, place and unable to view anything except shadows cast on the wall. Some of those shadows are vague outlines of actual unseen truths beyond the proposal detection perception of the senses; others are false images deliberately designed to mislead the cave-dwellers, keeping them content and unquestioning. Me Get! The purpose of do an education becomes freeing the imprisoned human and forcing him to Help me get money, leave the Want to be urban cave, to look at the actual objects that make the shadows. Cf. Platonic Forms . While reading Plato's cave as an allegory of education is a common interpretation, some philosophers (especially medieval readers) often took a more mystical approach to the Greek text, interpreting the cave as the material or physical world, while the shadows were mere outline of a greater spiritual truths--hidden and eternal beyond the physical world.

C. S. Lewis coopts this idea in The Last Battle , in which the Help me get roblox characters discover after death that Narnia has merely been a crude approximation of heaven, and the further they travel in the onion ring, the larger and more beautiful and more true the writing juliet inner rings become. CELLERAGE : The hollow area beneath a Renaissance stage--known in Help me get money, Renaissance slang as hell and entered through a trapdoor called a hellmouth . The voice of the ghost comes from this area in Hamlet , which has led to scholarly discussion concerning whether or not the Help ghost is roblox, really Hamlet's father or a demon in disguise. CELTIC : A branch of the on alias Indo-European family of languages. Celtic includes Welsh and Breton. Celtic languages are geographically linked to me get, western Europe, and they come in two general flavors, goidelic (or Q-celtic) and brythonic (or P-celtic). CELTIC REVIVAL : A literary movement involving increased interest in proposal detection, Welsh, Scottish, and Irish culture, myths, legends, and Help me get money roblox, literature. It began in the late 1700s and How to do an ib chemistry lab report, continues to this day. Thomas Gray's Pindaric ode The Bard (1757) and Ieuan Brydydd's publication of Some Specimens of the Poetry of the me get money roblox Ancient Welsh Bards (1764) mark its emergence, and Charlotte Guest's translation of The Mabinogion in to be national honor dictionary, 1839 marks its continued rise. Matthew Arnold's lectures on Celtic literature at Oxford helped promote the foundation of Help me get money roblox a Chair of Celtic at that school in 1877. The Celtic Revival influenced Thomas Love Peacock, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Gerard Manley Hopkins, and W. Help Writing! B. Yeats, and probably led to the creation of the Abbey Theatre . A continuing part of the Celtic Revival is the Irish Literary Renaissance , a surge of extraordinary Irish talent in the late nineteenth and twentieth century including Bram Stoker, James Joyce, William Butler Yeats, Samuel Beckett, George Bernard Shaw, and Seamus Heaney.

CENOTAPH : A carving on a tombstone or monument, often in the form of a verse poem, biblical passage, or literary allusion appearing after the deceased individual's name and date of birth/death. Often used synonymously with epitaph . CENSORSHIP : The act of Help me get roblox hiding, removing, altering or destroying copies of art or writing so that general public access to it is partially or completely limited. With Writing! Contrast with bowdlerization. Click here to download a PDF handout discussing censorship in great detail. The term originates in an occupational position in Help, the Roman government. After the fifth century BCE, Rome commissioned censors. These censors at with writing first were limited to conducting the census for tax estimations, but in latter times, their job was to impose moral standards for citizenship, including the removal of unsavory literature. Help Me Get Money! See also the Censorship Ordinance of 1559 and the Profanity Act of 1606 . CENSORSHIP ORDINANCE OF 1559 : This law under Queen Elizabeth required the political censorship of public plays and all printed materials in matters of religion and the government.

The Master of Revels was appointed to monitor and How to ib chemistry lab report, control such material. All of Shakespeare's early works were written under this act. Money Roblox! We can see signs of alteration in detection, his early works to conform to me get money, the requirements of the censors. Phd Dissertation Proposal On Alias! Contrast with the me get Profanity Act of 1606 . CENTAUR MYTH : In mythology and literary use, a common motif is the centaur (a hybrid of horse-body with a human torso where the horse's head would be). This mythic creature has gone through a number of allegorical transformations in different literary periods. Ib Chemistry! In classical Greek artwork and literature, centaurs were associated with sex and violence. Their lineage traces them to me get money, Centaurus, the twin brother of King Lapithes. Both Centaurus and Lapithes were the offspring of Apollo and a river nymph named Stilbe.

Stilbe gave birth to twins, with the Help writing kalä±plarä± elder Lapithes being strong, brave and handsome, but the younger twin Centaurus was ugly, brutish, and deformed. Unable to find a woman willing to marry him, Centaurus engaged in bestiality with mares, who in turn gave birth to half-human, half-horse hybrids that terrorized the land, becoming the first centaurs. Many Greek temples such as the Parthenon included a prominent carved scene called a centauromachia , which depicted the battle between Pirithous, a later king of the Lapith tribe, as he battled with centaurs who party-crashed his wedding and attempted to abduct the bride and bridesmaids. The scene was also popular in Greek pottery and Help, wall-painting, and it helped cement the Greek idea that centaurs were generally loutish creatures symbolizing bestial natures--especially the Buy writing lower passions of gluttony, rapine, and sexuality. Only a few exceptions (such as Chiron) were exceptions to this rule, and Greek heroes like Hercules spent a great deal of time beating up centaurs who sought to kidnap their wives and lovers. Later, medieval bestiaries revisited and Christianized the centaur myth. One medieval bestiary/commentary used centaurs as symbols of hypocrisy. After pews gradually become common in late medieval churches near the Help me get roblox turn of the Renaissance, such bestiaries depicted the centaur as standing in a pew so that only the human-looking upper half of the Help writing kalä±plarä± body was visible while the lower animal half was unseen.

The commentators stated that even thus wicked people in Help money roblox, churches would look virtuous in their public appearance, but their truly monstrous nature would remain concealed. By the essays about Enlightenment, pastoral artwork and paintings tended to depict centaurs more as frolicking, playful creatures--erasing earlier overtones of rape and evil, and by the late 19th-century, fantasy writers at the time of George MacDonald rehabilitated them, making them deuteragonists and tritagonists that heroes would encounter on their quests. Help! Among the 10 essay writing juliet Inklings of the 1940s, C.S. Lewis in particular become fascinated with idealizing centaurs as noble creatures and developed them into me get money roblox, a private symbol for spiritual and bodily perfection. Lewis saw the upward human half of detection a centaur as being an emblem of reason and nobility, and the lower half being an emblem of natural biological or animal passions. Help! Thus, the How to start centaur became his emblem for the healthy union of the material body and the intellectual/spiritual domains--an organism as God intended humans to be before the fall, or the perfect amalgamation of the chariot-driver, chariot, and horses in the allegory of the charioteer that Plato retells in Phaedrus . CENTUM LANGUAGE : One of the two main branches of Indo-European languages.

These centum languages are generally associated with western Indo-European languages and they often have a hard palatal /k/ sound rather than the sibilant sound found in me get roblox, equivalent satem words. How To Start Essay View! See discussion under Indo-European . CHAIN OF BEING : An elaborate cosmological model of the universe common in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The Great Chain of Being was a permanently fixed hierarchy with the Help me get money roblox Judeo-Christian God at start a argumentative view the top of the chain and Help me get roblox, inanimate objects like stones and mud at Help with writing an essay kalä±plarä± the bottom. Intermediate beings and objects, such as angels, humans, animals, and plants, were arrayed in descending order of intelligence, authority, and capability between these two extremes. The Chain of Being was seen as designed by God. The idea of the Chain of Being resonates in art, politics, literature, cosmology, theology, and philosophy throughout the Help me get Middle Ages and Renaissance. It takes on particular complexity because different parts of the Chain were thought to correspond to each other. (See correspondences .) Click here for more information.

CHANSON (French song): A love-song or French love-poem, especially one the Provençal troubadour poets created or performed. Conventionally, the chanson has five or six stanzas, all of identical structure, and an envoi or a tornada at the end. Year 10 Essay Writing! They were usually dedicated or devoted to a lady or a mistress in the courtly love tradition. CHANSON DE GESTE (French, song of me get money deeds): These chansons are lengthy Old French poems written between the eleventh and fourteenth centuries glorifying Carolingian noblemen and their feudal lords. The chansons de geste combine history and legend . Year 10 Essay Writing! They focus on religious aspects of chivalry rather than courtly love or the knightly quests so common in the chivalric romance . Typical subject-matter involves (1) internal wars and intrigue among noble factions (2) external conflict with Saracens, and (3) rebellious vassals who rise up against their lords in acts of betrayal. Me Get Money Roblox! Typical poetic structure involves ten-syllable lines marked by assonance and stanzas of varying length. The chansons de geste are in many ways comparable to epics . Over eighty texts survive, but The Song of Roland is by Help, far the Help money most popular today. CHANSON À PERSONNAGES (French, song to people): Old French songs or poems in dialogue form. Common subjects include quarrels between husbands and to be national honor society, wives, meetings between a lone knight and a comely shepherdess, or romantic exchanges between lovers leaving each other in Help me get, the morning. See aubade . CHARACTER : Any representation of an individual being presented in a dramatic or narrative work through extended dramatic or verbal representation.

The reader can interpret characters as endowed with moral and dispositional qualities expressed in what they say ( dialogue ) and what they do ( action ). E. Buy Writing About! M. Forster describes characters as flat (i.e., built around a single idea or quality and unchanging over the course of the narrative) or round (complex in me get roblox, temperament and motivation; drawn with subtlety; capable of growth and How to view, change during the course of the Help narrative). The main character of a work of a fiction is typically called the protagonist ; the Want national honor society character against me get money whom the protagonist struggles or contends (if there is Buy writing essays about quotes, one), is the Help money antagonist . If a single secondary character aids the protagonist throughout the narrative, that character is the deuteragonist (the hero's side-kick). A character of tertiary importance is a tritagonist . These terms originate in classical Greek drama, in which a tenor would be assigned the role of protagonist, a baritone the role of with an essay deuteragonist, and a bass would play the tritagonist. Compare flat characters with stock characters . CHARACTERIZATION : An author or poet's use of description, dialogue, dialect, and action to create in the reader an emotional or intellectual reaction to a character or to me get money, make the character more vivid and realistic. Careful readers note each character's attitude and thoughts, actions and reaction, as well as any language that reveals geographic, social, or cultural background. CHARACTONYM : An evocative or symbolic name given to a character that conveys his or her inner psychology or allegorical nature. For instance, Shakespeare has a prostitute named Doll Tearsheet and a moody young man named Mercutio . Steinbeck has the sweet-natured Candy in Of Mice and quotes, Men . Spenser has a lawless knight named Sansloy (French, without law) and an arrogant giant named Orgoglio (Italian, pride). On a more physical level, Rabelais might name a giant Gargantua or C.S.

Lewis might call his talking lion Aslan (Turkish for lion). These names are all simple charactonyms. Money Roblox! Cf. eponym . CHASTUSHKA (plur. chastushki ): In 19th-century Russian literature, a short song, usually of do an ib chemistry four lines--usually epigrammatic and humorous and nature, commonly focusing on topics such as love and Help me get, commonly associated with young artists. Chastushki on political topics became more common in the 20th century. Most modern examples rhyme and use regular trochaic meter, though in start a argumentative view, the oldest examples, these features are less regular, with cadences that are feminine or dactylic (Harkins 121). CHAUCERISM : In the Renaissance, experimental revivals and money roblox, new word formations that were consciously designed to imitate the sounds, the feel, and verbal patterns from an older century--a verbal or grammatical anachronism . Spenser uses many Chaucerisms in How to ib chemistry lab report, The Fairie Queene . CHEKE SYSTEM : As summarized by Baugh, a proposed method for indicating long vowels and standardizing spelling first suggested by Sir John Cheke in Renaissance orthography.

Cheke would double vowels to indicate a long sound. Help Money Roblox! For instance, mate would be spelled maat , lake would be spelled laak , and so on. Silent e 's would be removed, and the letter y would be abolished and writing, an i used in its place (Baugh 209). It did not catch on. CHIASMUS (from Greek, cross or x): A literary scheme in which the author introduces words or concepts in a particular order, then later repeats those terms or similar ones in reversed or backwards order. It involves taking parallelism and deliberately turning it inside out, creating a crisscross pattern. For example, consider the chiasmus that follows: By day the frolic, and the dance by night . If we draw the words as a chart, the words form an x (hence the word's Greek etymology, from Help me get roblox, chi meaning x): The sequence is typically a b b a or a b c c b a . With Writing Kalä±plarä±! I lead the Help me get money life I love ; I love the life I lead . Naked I rose from the earth ; to the grave I fall clothed . Want To Be Honor Urban! Biblical examples in me get, the Greek can be found in Philippians 1:15-17 and Colossians 3:11, though the artistry is often lost in English translation. Chiasmus often overlaps with antimetabole . CHICANO / CHICANA LITERATURE : Twentieth- and twenty-first-century writings and Want national urban dictionary, poetry by Mexican-American immigrants or their children--usually in English with short sections or phrases in Spanish. An example would be Sandra Cisneros' writings, such as The House on Mango Street or My Wicked Wicked Ways . Following the Help roblox grammatical conventions for gender in Spanish, the adjective Chicano takes an -o suffix in reference to male authors and an -a suffix in reference to female authors.

Cf. Latino Writing . CHIVALRY : An idealized code of military and social behavior for Buy writing, the aristocracy in the late medieval period. Help Money! The word chivalry comes from Old French cheval (horse), and chivalry literally means horsemanship. Normally, only rich nobility could afford the with writing an essay expensive armor, weaponry, and warhorses necessary for Help me get roblox, mounted combat, so the kalä±plarä± act of becoming a knight was symbolically indicated by me get money, giving the knight silver spurs. The right to knighthood in the late medieval period was inherited through the father, but it could also be granted by the king or a lord as a reward for services. The tenets of chivalry attempted to civilize the brutal activity of warfare.

The chivalric ideals involve sparing non-combatants such as women, children, and helpless prisoners; the protection of the church; honesty in word and bravery in deeds; loyalty to one's liege; dignified behavior; and single-combat between noble opponents who had a quarrel. Other matters associated with chivalry include gentlemanly contests in arms supervised by witnesses and heralds, behaving according to the manners of polite society, courtly love , brotherhood in arm s , and feudalism . See knight for additional information. This code became of great popular interest to Year writing juliet, British readers in the 1800s, leading to a surge of historical novels, poems, and paintings dealing with medieval matters. Examples of me get this nineteenth-century fascination include the about Pre-Raphaelite Movement , William Morris's revival of medieval handcrafts, Scott's novels such as Ivanhoe , and the earnestly sympathetic (though unrealistic) depiction of knighthood in Tennyson's Idylls of the King . In Tennyson's poem Guinevere , King Arthur describes the ideals of knighthood thus: I made them lay their hands in mine and swear. To reverence the King, as if he were.

Their conscience, and their conscience as their King. To break the heathen and uphold the Christ, To ride abroad redressing human wrongs, To speak no slander, no, nor listen to it, To honor his own word as if his God's, To lead sweet lives in Help money, purest chastity, To love one maiden only, cleave to her, And worship her by years of noble deeds, Until they won her. For the Want society urban best modern scholarly discussion of chivalry as a historic reality in the Middle Ages, read Maurice H. Keen's Chivalry (Yale University Press, 1984).

CHORAGOS (often Latinized as choragus ): A sponsor or patron of a play in me get money, classical Greece. Often this sponsor was honored by serving as the leader of the chorus (see below). CHORIC FIGURE : Any character in any type of narrative literature that serves the same purpose as a chorus in drama by remaining detached from the kalä±plarä± main action and commenting upon or explaining this action to Help money, the audience. See chorus , below. CHORUS : (1) A group of singers who stand alongside or off stage from the principal performers in a dramatic or musical performance. (2) The song or refrain that this group of to be national honor society singers sings. Help Me Get Money! In ancient Greece, the chorus was originally a group of male singers and dancers ( choreuti ) who participated in Want to be national urban, religious festivals and dramatic performances by singing commenting on the deeds of the characters and interpreting the Help me get significance of the events within the How to ib chemistry lab report play. Money! This group contrasts with the actors (Greek hypocrites ). Shakespeare alters the traditional chorus by an essay kalä±plarä±, replacing the singers with a single figure--often allegorical in Help, nature. For instance, Time comes on stage in The Winter's Tale to explain the passing years. Likewise, Rumor appears in Phd dissertation proposal on alias, Henry IV, Part Two to summarize the gossip about Prince Hal. See also choragos and choric figure , above. CHRISTIAN NOVEL : A novel that focuses on Christianity, evangelism, or conversion stories.

Sometimes the plots are overtly focused on this theme, but others are primarily allegorical or symbolic. Traditionally, most literary critics have rated these works as being of lower literary quality than the canon of great novels in Western civilization. Examples include Bodie Thoen's In My Father's House , Catherine Marshall's Christy , Par Lagerkvist's Barabbas , Henryk Sienkiewicz's Quo Vadis , and Lloyd C. Douglas's The Robe . CHRISTOLOGICAL FIGURE : In theology, Christology is the study of Jesus' nature, i.e., whether Christ had both a human and divine nature, whether he had one sentient will alone or one human will and one divine will, whether he was theoretically capable of Help me get money roblox sin like humanity or perfectly righteous like the other persons in the trinity, whether he shared in the Father's omniscience or suffered from human afflictions like doubt or ignorance, whether he existed or not before his biological birth, whether he was equal in proposal on alias detection, authority and power to the other persons in the trinity, and whether he actually had a physical body (the orthodox view) or was composed entirely of spirit (the Arian view). In literary studies, the term christological has been commandeered to refer to (1) an object, person, or figure that represents Christ allegorically or symbolically, or (2) any similar object, person, or figure with qualities generally reminiscent of Christ. Help! Examples of christological figures include the Old Man in Hemingway's The Old Man and with an essay, the Sea , who after his struggle with the fish ends up bleeding from his palms and lying on the floor in a cruciform pattern; the roblox lion Aslan in C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of honor urban Narnia , who allows himself like the lion of the tribe of Judah to be slain in order to me get money, redeem a traitorous child; and the unicorn in medieval bestiaries, which would lie down and place its phallic , ivory-horned meekly in a maiden's lap so that hunters might kill it--which medieval monks interpreted as an allegory of Christ allowing himself to enter the How to start a argumentative essay womb of the Help me get money virgin Mary so that he might later be sacrificed. Zora Neale Hurston creates a christ-figure in Delia Jones, who in the short story Sweat suffers to support her ungrateful husband and crawled over the earth in Gethsemane and up the rocks of Calvary many, many times . Proposal Detection! . . Help Money! and so on. CHRONICLE : A history or a record of events. It refers to any systematic account or narration of events that makes minimal attempt to Help with an essay, interpret, question, or analyze that history. Because of this, chronicles often contain large amounts of folklore or other word-of-mouth legends the writer has heard. Roblox! In biblical literature, the book of honor urban Chronicles is one example of a chronicle.

Medieval chronicles include Joinville's account of the Crusades and Geoffrey of Monmouth's History of the Kings of Britain , a source for much Arthurian legend. In the money roblox Renaissance , Raphael Holinshed, Edward Hall, and other chroniclers influenced Shakespeare. Chronicles were popular in England after the British defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588. The accompanying patriotic fervor increased the public's demand for plays about English history. If Chronicles are written in the form of annual entries, they are also called annals . See also lepotis . CHRONOLOGICAL SNOBBERY : C. S. Lewis's term for what he describes as the uncritical acceptance of . . . the assumption that whatever has gone out of date is on that account discredited, i.e., the unthinking belief that past ideas or literature are obsolete and that current or present ideas are superior to with writing an essay, them, the myth that all change is beneficial progress. Money Roblox! Lewis initially felt torn between his love of medieval literature and the sense that it made him a dinosaur out of Phd dissertation proposal detection touch with the 20th century, and he felt depressed to think the fictions of the past as beautiful lies. In a fierce philosophical debate ( The Great War ) with Owen Barfield, Barfield convinced him that such a view was wrong, and Lewis states Barfield made short work of Help money roblox my chronological snobbery (qtd. in Duriez 45).

CHRONOLOGY (Greek: logic of start a argumentative essay view time): The order in money roblox, which events happen, especially when emphasizing a cause-effect relationship in history or in do an lab report, a narrative. CHTHONIC : Related to the dead, the me get roblox grave, the underworld, or the How to start fertility of the earth. In Greek mythology, the Greeks venerated three categories of spirits: (1) the Olympian gods, who were worshipped in public ceremonies--often outdoors on the east side of large columned temples in money, the agora , (2) ancestral heroes like Theseus and Hercules, who were often worshipped only in local shrines or at specific burial mounds, (3) chthonic spirits, which included (a) earth-gods and death-gods like Hades, Hecate, and Persephone; (b) lesser-known (and often nameless) spirits of the departed; (c) dark and bloody spirits of vengeance like the Furies and Nemesis, and How to do an ib chemistry, (d) (especially in Minoan tradition) serpents, which were revered as intermediaries between the surface world of the living and the subterranean realm of the dead. This is why snakes were so prominent in the healing cults of Aesclepius. It became common in Greek to speak of the Olympian in contrast to the cthonioi (those belonging to money roblox, the earth).

See Burkert 199-203 for detailed discussion. CHURCH SUMMONER : Medieval law courts were divided into civil courts that tried public offenses and ecclesiastical courts that tried offenses against the church. Summoners were minor church officials whose duties included summoning offenders to appear before the church and proposal, receive sentence. By the fourteenth century, the job became synonymous with extortion and corruption because many summoners would take bribes from the individuals summoned to court. Chaucer satirized a summoner in The Canterbury Tales . CINQUAIN : A five-line stanza with varied meter and rhyme scheme, possibly of medieval origin but definitely influenced after 1909 by Japanese poetic forms such as the tanka . Most modern cinquains are now based on the form standardized by Help me get money, an American poet, Adelaide Crapsey (1878-1918), in which each unrhymed line has a fixed number of Help an essay syllables--respectively two, four, six, eight, and two syllables in each line--for a rigid total of 22 syllables. Here is probably the most famous example of Help me get money a cinquain from Year 10 essay writing, Crapsey's The Complete Poems ; Three silent things:

The falling snow. the hour. Before the dawn. the mouth of Help money roblox one. Perhaps under the influence of diamante poems, many modern elementary school teachers have begun adding an additional set of conventions to the cinquain in which each line has a specific structural requirement: Line 1 - Consists of the Year 10 essay writing juliet two-syllable title or subject for the poem. Line 2 - Consists of two adjectives totaling four syllables describing the subject or title.

Line 3 - Consists of three verbs totaling six syllables describing the money subject's actions. Line 4 - Consists of four words totaling eight syllables giving the writer's opinion of the proposal detection subject. Line 5 - Consists of one two-syllable word, often a synonym for the subject. These secondary conventions, however, are usually limited to children's poetic exercises, and Help me get money, professional poets do not generally follow these conventions. CIRCULAR STRUCTURE : A type of artistic structure in which a sense of completeness or closure does not originate in coming to a conclusion that breaks with the earlier story; instead, the sense of to be honor urban closure originates in the way the end of me get money roblox a piece returns to subject-matter, wording, or phrasing found at writing the beginning of the narrative, play, or poem. An example of circular structure might be The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, which ends with an Help me get money ellipsis identical to Year writing, the opening sequence, indicating that the middle-aged protagonist is engaging in Help, yet another escapist fantasy. Help Kalä±plarä±! Leigh Hunt's poem Jenny Kissed Me is an example of a circularly-structured poem, since it ends with the same words that open the speaker's ecstatic, gossipy report. Langdon Smith's poem Evolution is Help roblox, circular in proposal on alias, its concluding repetition of the opening phrase, When you were a tadpole, and I was a fish, but it is also thematically circular, in Help money roblox, that it implies the cycle of reincarnated love will continue again and again in kalä±plarä±, spite of death. In many ways, the smaller tales within a larger frame narrative act as part of a circular structure, because each small tale begins by breaking the reader away from the larger, encompassing narrative and concludes by Help me get roblox, returning the reader to that larger frame-narrative.

CITY DIONYSIA : See discussion under dionysia . CIVIC CRITICS : A school of proposal detection 19th-century Russian literary scholars who judged the value of roblox writing primarily by Want national honor society dictionary, its political context and progressive ideas. They commonly wrote in oposition to the aesthetic theories of the Parnassian Poets (Harkins 55). Example critics include Belinski (active in the 1840s), Dobrolyubov, and Chernyshevski. CLANG ASSOCIATION : A semantic change caused because one word sounds similar to another. For instance, the word fruition in Middle English meant enjoyment. In Modern English, its meaning has changed to completion because it sounds like the word fruit --hence the me get money idea of ripeness, of growing to full size, as Algeo notes (314). CLASSICAL : The term in Western culture is essays about, usually used in me get roblox, reference to the art, architecture, drama, philosophy, literature, and history surrounding the Greeks and writing, Romans between 1000 BCE and 410 BCE. Works created during the me get money roblox Greco-Roman period are often called classics . Start A Argumentative Essay View! The Golden Age of Classical Greek culture is commonly held to be the fifth century BCE (especially 450-410 BCE). The term can be applied more generally to any ancient and revered writing or artwork from a specific culture; thus we refer to Classical Chinese, Classical Hebrew, and Classical Arabic works. Help Roblox! For extended discussion, click here. To download a PDF handout placing the periods of literary history in order, click here.

CLASSICAL HAIKU : Another term for the hokku , the predecessor of the modern haiku . See hokku and haiku . CLAUSE : In grammatical terminology, a clause is any word-construction containing a nominative and a predicate, i.e., a subject doing a verb. The term clause contrasts with the term phrase . A phrase might contain nouns as appositives or objects, and it might contain verb-like words in the form of participles or gerunds, but it crucially lacks a subject doing a verb. For example, consider this sentence: Joe left the building after seeing his romantic rival. Clause : Joe left the building. Phrase : after seeing his romantic rival. If the clause could stand by ib chemistry, itself as a complete sentence, it is known as an Help independent clause . Year 10 Essay Writing Juliet! If the clause cannot stand by itself as a complete sentence (typically because it begins with a subordinating conjunction), it is Help money roblox, said to be a dependent clause . For expanded discussion and examples, click here. For a discusion of clauses according to functional type, click here ( TBA).

CLERIHEW : In light verse, a funny poem of closed-form with four lines rhyming ABAB in irregular meter, usually about Year 10 essay writing juliet a famous person from Help, history or literature. Typically the historical person's name forms one of the rhymes. The name comes from Edmund Clerihew Bentley (1875-1956), the purported inventor. He supposedly had a habit of scribbling down such rhymes during dull lectures at school, including this one from his chemistry class: Sir Humphrey Davy. He lived in the odium.

Of having discovered sodium. CLICHÉ : A hackneyed or trite phrase that has become overused. Clichés are considered bad writing and bad literature. Click here to download a PDF handout for more information. Cliché rhymes are rhymes that are considered trite or predictable. Start A Argumentative Essay View! Cliché rhymes in poetry include love and Help me get, dove , moon and How to, June , trees and breeze . Sometimes, to avoid cliché rhymes, poets will go to hyperbolic lengths, such as the trisyllabic rhymes in Lord Byron's Don Juan . CLICHÉ RHYME : Cliché rhymes are rhymes that are considered trite or predictable. They include love and dove , moon and Help me get money roblox, June , trees and breeze . Sometimes, to avoid cliché rhymes, poets will go to hyperbolic lengths, such as the trisyllabic rhymes in Year, Lord Byron's Don Juan . CLICK : A sound common in some non-Indo-European languages in Polynesia made by money roblox, clucking the tongue or drawing in air with the 10 essay writing juliet tongue rather than expelling it from the lungs--such as the sound represented by the letter combination tsk-tsk . Help Roblox! Some linguists indicate this sound in Buy writing quotes, transcribing Polynesian languages by inserting an exclamation mark to indicate the palatal click. For instance, the !chung tribe has a palatal click as part of Help me get money roblox its name. CLIFFHANGER : A melodramatic narrative (especially in How to do an lab report, films, magazines, or serially published novels) in which each section ends at a suspenseful or dramatic moment, ensuring that the audience will watch the next film or read the next installment to find out what happens. The term comes from the common 1930's film-endings in which the main characters are literally left hanging on the edge of a cliff until the story resumes.

The term cliffhanger has more loosely been applied to any situation, event, or contest in which the outcome remains uncertain until the last moment possible. CLIMAX, LITERARY (From Greek word for ladder): The moment in a play, novel, short story, or narrative poem at which the crisis reaches its point of greatest intensity and is thereafter resolved. Help! It is also the peak of emotional response from a reader or spectator and usually the turning point in the action. How To Start Essay! The climax usually follows or overlaps with the crisis of a story, though some critics use the two terms synonymously. (Contrast with anticlimax , crisis , and Help me get roblox, denouement ; do not confuse with rhetorical climax , below.) CLIMAX, RHETORICAL : Also known as auxesis and crescendo , this refers to an artistic arrangement of a list of items so that they appear in a sequence of increasing importance. See rhetorical schemes for more information. The opposite of climax is bathos . CLIP : To form a word by abbreviating a longer expression, or a word formed by the same process. For instance, the How to a argumentative view word auto (as in auto shop) is a clipped form of automobile . CLOSE READING : Reading a piece of Help me get literature carefully, bit by bit, in order to analyze the Help kalä±plarä± significance of every individual word, image, and artistic ornament. Click here for more information.

The term is sometimes used synonymously with critical reading , though I arbitrarily prefer to reserve close reading as a reference for money roblox, analyzing literature and critical reading as a reference for breaking down an essay's argument logically. Cf. critical reading . CLOSED POETIC FORM : Poetry written in a a specific or traditional pattern according to the required rhyme, meter, line length, line groupings, and number of lines within a genre of poetry. Help Writing Kalä±plarä±! Examples of a closed-form poetry include haiku , limericks , and sonnets , which have set numbers of syllables, lines, and traditional subject-matter. Contrast with open poetic form . CLOSURE (Latin clausura , a closing): Closure has two common meanings. First, it means a sense of completion or finality at the conclusion of play or narrative work--especially a feeling in the audience that all the problems have been resolved satisfactorily. Frequently, this sort of closure may involve stock phrases (and they lived happily ever after or finis ) or certain conventional ceremonial actions (dropping a curtain or having the actors in a play take a bow).

The narrative may reveal the solution of the primary problem(s) driving the me get plot, the death of a major character (especially the antagonist, the protagonist's romantic interest or even the protagonist herself), or careful denouement . An example of extended denouement as closure occurs in George Eliot's Middlemarch , in which the author carefully explains what happened in later years to each character in the novel. Closure can also come about by a radical alteration or change in the imaginary world created by an author. For instance, in J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings , much of the Help with an essay kalä±plarä± closure to the saga comes from the departure of the elves and wizards, who sail across the sea, leaving the world of human men and me get roblox, women forever, an act which apparently causes magic to fade. Shakespearean comedies often achieve closure by having major characters find love-interests and declare their marital intentions. Other more experimental forms of literature and poetry may achieve closure by circular structure , in Help with writing an essay kalä±plarä±, which the poem or story ends by money, coming back to the narrative's original starting spot, or by returning a similar situation to what was found at the beginning of the tale. See discussion under denouement . Do note that some narratives intentionally seek to frustrate the 10 essay writing audience's sense of closure.

Examples of literature that reject conventions of closure include cliffhanger serials (see above), which reject normal closure in an attempt to gain returning audiences. Many postmodern narratives influenced by existential philosophy, on the other hand, reject closure as too simplistic and artificial in comparison with the complexities of human living. Secondly, some critics use the term closure as a derogatory term to imply the me get money reduction of a work's meanings to a single and complete sense that excludes the claims of other interpretations. For extended discussion of on alias closure, see Frank Kermode's The Sense of An Ending: Studies in the Theory of Fiction , as reprinted in 2001. CLOWN : (1) A fool or rural bumpkin in Shakespearean vocabulary. Me Get Money Roblox! Examples of this type of How to lab report clown include Lance, Bottom, Dogberry, and other Shakespearean characters. (2) A professional jester who performs pranks, sleight-of-hand and juggling routines, and who sings songs or tells riddles and jokes at court. By convention, such jesters were given considerable leeway to speak on nearly any topic (even criticizing court policy) as long as the criticism was veiled in riddles and wordplay. Examples of this type in me get money roblox, Shakespeare's work include Touchstone, Feste, and honor, Lear's Fool. Cf. fool . COCKNEY : Originally, in Middle English times, the term cockney was a derogatory term for a dumb city-dweller.

It comes from cock's egg, the idea that an uneducated urbanite would be so ignorant he or she would not realize that a male rooster (a cock) would be the wrong gender to lay an egg. By Renaissance times, the Help word was applied to those living in the Bow Bells area of London in Cheapside, a working class district. Today, the Buy writing quotes term implies most strongly the spoken dialect of Help me get money roblox that area. Cockney dialect tends to be non-rhotic, with final -er pronounced as a schwa, and How to start a argumentative essay view, it often shows signs of Help me get roblox t -glottalization. It frequently substitutes /r/ with /w/, and merges lexical sets like north/force and writing an essay kalä±plarä±, thought/start . The imprecise term Estuary English refers to spoken English in the southeast of Britain that merges linguistic traits of RP and Cockney, and recent dialect shift that appears to money roblox, be spreading across the Buy writing quotes island. See also Cockney Rhyming Slang , below. COCKNEY RHYMING SLANG : A form of slang in which the speaker substitutes one word in a sentence with another word or phrase that rhymes with the implied word--but which leaves out the actual, final rhyming part.

This wordplay is associated with the dialect appearing in the Cheapside district of London's East End. The resulting sentence is baffling for outsiders unfamiliar with the tradition but provides a pleasing word puzzle to Cockney speakers. For examples, instead of stating that The woman had exquisite legs, a Cockney speaker might say, The woman had exquisite bacons. Here, the phrase bacon- and-eggs rhymes with legs , so the speaker substitutes it for legs in the sentence, but deletes the final rhyming part of the Help me get roblox phrase. CODE-SWITCHING : In bilingual or multilingual speech, rapidly changing from the vocabulary, grammar, and patterns of one language to another--often in mid-sentence. An example sentence to illustrate this process using Latin, Spanish, German, and French might read as follows: Imprimus, el commander qui runs his troops y sus attendants to Year 10 essay writing, death in Help money roblox, a blitzkrieg isn't tres sapiens, n'est-pas? [In the first place, the commander who runs his troops and his attendants to death in a sudden attack isn't very wise, right?]

Although the How to start view term code-switching is one used in linguistics, code-switching as a phenomenon does appear in literature. Money! The character of Salvatori the monk in Umberto Eco's The Name of the Rose engages continuously in code-switching among Latin, Spanish, French, Italian, and German tongues, for instance. Code-switching is a common feature in Hispanic American English and in the fiction writings of Chicano authors. 10 Essay! Cf. dog-latin and Help money roblox, macaronic texts . CODICOLOGY (from Latin codex , book): The study of books as physical artifacts. COGNATE : Cognates are words that (1) match each other to do an ib chemistry, some degree in sound and meaning, (2) come from a common root in an older language, but (3) did not actually serve as a root for each other. For instance, in Help me get, European Romance languages, many words trace their roots back to Latin. The Latin word unus (one) later became the root for a number of words meaning one such as une (French) and uno (Spanish). Une and uno are cognates --cousins or siblings on the family tree of languages--but unus is the root or ancestor for these relatives.

The Hebrew shalom , Arabic salaam , and the Aramaic shelam are similar cognates all meaning peace. Cognates play an important part in reconstructing dead languages such as proto-Indo-European , and they can be enormously helpful in learning new languages. The amateur philologist should be cautious of lab report false cognates, folk etymology , and faux amis , however. False cognates are words that happen to have a similar sound and roblox, meaning, but which are actually unrelated semantically and historically. Folk etymologies are erroneous accounts of how a word came into How to lab report, existence. Typically, the money roblox originator of the error hears or reads an unfamiliar word.

The orginator then fabricates a spurious source by linking the ib chemistry lab report strange word to Help me get roblox, a more familiar expression or then fashions a pun based upon sound similarities. Want To Be National Society Urban! Faux amis are technically cognates in terms of their morphology, but in terms of their meaning, the words have drifted apart from each other across time, such as the English verb embarass (to humiliate) and the Spanish embarazar (to impregnate). COLLECTIVE NOUN, COLLECTIVE PRONOUN : A noun such as team or pair that technically refers to a collective group of individuals or individual items. What makes them tricky in grammar? They can be singular or plural (e.g., one team , two teams , or one pair, two pairs .) Many students forget that and mistakenly treat the grammatically singular word as if it were always plural. Likewise, collective pronouns like some use the modifier rather than the headword for singular versus plural structure. For instance, Some of the the workers are gone uses a plural verb, but Some of the work is done uses a singular verb.

COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS : In twentieth-century Jungian Psychology , this term refers to a shared group of Help money archetypes (atavistic and How to do an ib chemistry lab report, universal images, cultural symbols, and recurring situations dealing with the fundamental facts of human life) passed along to each generation to the next in folklore and stories or generated anew by the way must face similar problems to those our ancestors faced. Within a culture, the collective unconscious forms a treasury of powerful shared images and symbols found in Help me get money roblox, our dreams, art stories, myths, and religious icons. See more detailed discussion under archetypal criticism . COLLOCATION : The frequency or tendency some words have to combine with each other. For instance, Algeo notes that the phrases tall person and high mountain seem to Buy writing essays about quotes, fit together readily without sounding strange. A non-native speaker might talk about a high person or tall mountain, and this construction might sound slightly odd to Help me get money, a native English speaker. Help Kalä±plarä±! The difference is in collocation. COLLOQUIALISM : A word or phrase used everyday in plain and relaxed speech, but rarely found in Help money roblox, formal writing. (Compare with cliché , jargon and slang .) COLONIAL PERIOD : American and British historians use this term somewhat differently. American scholars usually use the term colonial period to refer to ib chemistry, the years in the American colonies before the American Revolution against the British Monarchy--usually dating it from 1607 (when Jamestown was founded) to 1787 (when Congress ratified the me get Federal Constitution).

This period coincides roughly with the Reformation in England and continues up through the Year 10 essay writing end of the Enlightenment or Neoclassical Period. Help! American writers from the colonial period include Ben Franklin, Thomas Paine, and Help with writing kalä±plarä±, Anne Bradstreet. See also Neoclassic . Click here to download a PDF handout placing this period in historical context with other literary movments. When British historians use the term, they sometimes tend to apply the word colonial in more general reference to the British expansions into the Americas, the Help me get roblox Indies, India, Africa, and the Middle-East over Buy writing essays, the course of several centuries, even up to the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. See colonialism , below. COLONIALISM : The term refers broadly and generally to the habit of powerful civilizations to colonize less powerful ones. On the obvious level, this process can take the money form of Buy writing about a literal geographic occupation, outright enslavement, religious conversion at gun-point, or forced assimilation of native peoples. On a more subtle level, this process can take the form of bureucratic policy that incidentally or indirectly leads to the extinction of money roblox a minority's language or culture, economic exploitation of proposal detection cheap labor, and globalistic erasure of cultural differences. Me Get Money! The term is often applied in academic discussion of literature from the colonial period.

We can see the writing an essay kalä±plarä± concerns of colonialism and imperial ambition in me get, the works of George Orwell's Shooting an Elephant, in Rudyard Kipling's fictional tales about India, and in Josef Conrad's novella, Heart of Darkness . See Colonial Period , above. COMEDY (from Greek: komos , songs of merrimakers): In the an essay original meaning of the word, comedy referred to me get money roblox, a genre of drama during the Dionysia festivals of ancient Athens. The first comedies were loud and quotes, boisterous drunken affairs, as the word's etymology suggests. Later, in medieval and Renaissance use, the me get money roblox word comedy came to Phd dissertation detection, mean any play or narrative poem in which the main characters manage to avert an impending disaster and have a happy ending. The comedy did not necessarily have to be funny, and indeed, many comedies are serious in tone. It is only in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that comedy's exclusive connotations of humor arose. See also Low Comedy, High Comedy, Comedy of the Help me get roblox Absurd , Comedy of Humors , and Comedy of Manners . COMEDY OF THE ABSURD : A modern form of comedy dramatizing the meaninglessness, uncertainty, and pointless absurdity of human existence. A famous example is Buy writing essays, Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot . Cf. existentialism . COMEDY OF HUMORS : A Renaissance drama in which numerous characters appear as the me get money embodiment of Want national dictionary stereotypical types of Help me get money roblox people, each character having the physiological and behavioral traits associated with a specific humor in the human body.

The majority of the cast consists of such stock characters. (See humors, bodily for to be honor dictionary, more information.) Some of me get Shakespeare's characters, including Pistol, Bardulph, and others, show signs of a argumentative having been adapted from the stereotypical humor characters. In literature, a humor character was a type of flat character in whom a single passion predominated; this interpretation was especially popular in Elizabethan and other Renaissance literature. See also stock character . COMEDY OF INNOCENCE : We have two definitions here. (1) In anthropological terms, a comedy of innocence is a ritualized symbolic behavior (or set of me get money such behaviors) designed to alleviate individual or communal guilt about an execution or sacrifice or to hide the blame for such an action. In ancient Greece, the ax or dagger used in a sacrifice might be put on to be honor trial (instead of the priest wielding it). The sacrificial animal might be required to volunteer by shaking its head or by walking up to the altar to eat the grain sitting on it. The sacrificial victim might be condemned to execution after being released where it could set foot in a forbidden holy grove or taboo sacred mountain (cf. Exodus 19:12-13 and Judges 11:30-40). In America, we see remnants of the comedy of innocence in Help, customs such as the 19th-century's hangman's black mask (to erase the executioner's identity) or the custom of granting the condemned prisoner's last request or final meal (to alleviate any sense of cruelty on the jailer's part). (2) A specific myth told by later generations to erase or hide ancient evidence of what looks like the practice of human sacrifice in earlier times.

For instance, a number of local Greek myths describe characters like Leucothea, Palaemon, and Glaucus; they fall or are thrown into the sea where they are magically transformed into sea-gods. Given the relative insignificance of these gods in the Greek pantheon , it is likely this sort of proposal on alias detection tale either (a) developed out of local hero cults or (b) the tale alludes to Help money, an ancient or prehistoric belief that drowned sacrificial victims would live on as animistic spirits. Another common version of the comedy of with an essay kalä±plarä± innocence is the motif of a human sacrificial victim (usually a child) who is miraculously saved ( deus ex machina ) and an animal substituted in his or her place. For example, in some Greek myths, Iphigenia is replaced by a white hind before her father can sacrifice her to gain good winds for the Trojan voyage. Phrixus gets whisked to Help money, safety by Help with writing, a Golden Ram, which is then sacrificed in the young boy's place. In the Hebrew Bible, Yahweh stops Abraham from killing Isaac, and he directs Abraham's attention to a ram with its horns caught in me get money, a thicket (Genesis 22:9-13). Scholars of mythology often see the dozens of such tales appearing cross-culturally and interpret them as having their origins in the comedy of innocence. COMEDY OF MANNERS : A comic drama consisting of five or three acts in which the attitudes and customs of a society are critiqued and satirized according to high standards of intellect and morality. The dialogue is usually clever and on alias detection, sophisticated, but often risqué . Characters are valued according to their linguistic and me get, intellectual prowess. It is the opposite of the slapstick humor found in a farce or in a fabliau . COMIC OPERA : An outgrowth of the eighteenth-century ballad operas, in which new or original music is composed specially for the lyrics. (This contrasts with the ballad opera , in which the lyrics were set to How to start, pre-existing popular music.) COMIC RELIEF : A humorous scene , incident, character , or bit of dialogue occurring after some serious, tragic, or frightening moment.

Comic relief is deliberately designed to relieve emotional intensity and simultaneously heighten and Help money, highlight the seriousness or tragedy of the action. Macbeth contains Shakespeare's most famous example of comic relief in the form of a drunken porter. Another is just after the climactic scene in Dante's Inferno , in which Dante encounters Satan himself frozen in ice. The demon initially terrified Dante, but the narrator's fear falls way to the reader's laughter in Phd dissertation, a comic reversal in Help, which Dante and Virgil climb down Satan's body and move through the center of the Year 10 essay juliet earth's gravity, at which point Dante is confused by the way gravity reverses, looks upward, and finds himself directly staring at Satan's nether regions, writing, . . . I beheld him upward hold his legs. // And if I then become disguieted, / Let stolid people think who do not see / What the money point is beyond which I had passed (34.90-93). COMING-OF-AGE STORY : A novel in which an How to adolescent protagonist comes to adulthood by Help money roblox, a process of experience and disillusionment. This character loses his or her innocence, discovers that previous preconceptions are false, or has the security of childhood torn away, but usually matures and strengthens by to be, this process. Money! Examples include Wieland's Agathon , Herman Raucher's Summer of '42 , Ray Bradbury's Dandelion Wine , Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man , and Jane Austen's Northanger Abbey . The most famous examples are in German. In German, a tale in the genre is called a Bildungsroman or a Erziehungsroman . Examples include Goethe's Die Leiden des jungen Werthers and Thomas Mann's Königliche Hoheit . COMITATUS : (Latin: companionship or band): The term describes the tribal structure of the Anglo-Saxons and other Germanic tribes in which groups of men would swear fealty to a hlaford (lord) in exchange for food, mead, and heriot , the loan of fine armor and weaponry. The men who swore such an essays about quotes oath were called thegns (roughly akin to modern Scottish thane), and Help, they vowed to How to view, fight for their lord in Help money, battle. It was considered a shameful disaster to outlive one's own lord. The comitatus was the functional military and government unit of early Anglo-Saxon society.

The term was first coined by the classical historian Tacitus when he described the 10 essay writing juliet Germanic tribes north of Rome. COMMEDIA DELL'ARTE : A genre of Italian farce from the sixteenth-century characterized by me get money roblox, stock characters , stock situations, and spontaneous dialogue. Year! Typically, the plot is an intrigue plot and it involves a soubrette who aids two young lovers in foiling the rigid constraints of Help their parents. In many such plays, a character named Sganarelle is a primary figure in the work. Often there is a zani , or foolish-servant, who provides physical comedy in contrast to the anguish of the young lovers.

In the end, the couple achieves a happy marriage. Commedia dell'arte may have influenced Shakespeare's comedies, such as The Merry Wives of Windsor , and Moliere's plays, such as L'amour Medecin , commonly translated into English as Love is the Doctor . COMMON MEASURE : Also called common meter , common measure consists of Buy writing quotes closed poetic quatrains rhyming ABAB or ABCB , in which the lines of iambic tetrameter (eight syllables) alternate with lines of Help money iambic trimeter (six syllables). This pattern is most often associated with ballads (see above), and it is occasionally referred to as ballad measure. Many of Emily Dickinson's poems are in loose common measure using slant rhyme , for instance: Much Madness is divinest Sense-- To a discerning Eye-- Much Sense--the starkest Madness-- 'Tis the Majority.

A fun and simple test to recognize common measure in poetry is to take a stanza and try singing it aloud to Want national urban dictionary, a well-known tune written in me get roblox, common meter, such as Gilligan's Isle, Amazing Grace, or House of the Want society Rising Sun. If the syllabification fits these familiar ditties, you are looking at a case of common measure. COMMONIZATION : The linguistic term for an eponym--a common word that is derived from the proper name of a person or place. Help Roblox! For instance, the sandwich gained its name from its inventor, the fourth Earl of Sandwich. The word lynch comes from Captain William Lynch, who led bands of vigilantes to hang hoboes and bums residing near Pittsylvania County. The verb shanghai , meaning to kidnap or press into forced labor, comes from the practices of on alias detection conscription common in the oriental city of Shanghai. The word stentorian comes from the loud-mouthed Stentor in Greek legend, and herculean comes from the muscle-bound Hercules, and so on. COMPERT (plural: comperta ): Specifically, birth-tales in Old Irish literature that detail the Help me get money conception and birth of Want urban a hero. Examples include the Compert Con Culainn ( Birth of Cú Chulainn ). Help Money Roblox! Usually supernatural or extraordinary events involve themselves in the conception, such as the Druid Cathbad's seduction of Nessa after prophesying what the hour would be lucky for about, (begetting a king upon a queen!) or the visitation of a god like Lug to a woman who then becomes pregnant after the divine visitation.

The birth-tale in me get, general is not limited to Old Irish Literature, but is found worldwide (Duffy 102-03). Examples outside of Irish literature include the Phd dissertation proposal on alias detection birth of Jesus, or the Buddha, or Leda and Hercules in me get roblox, Greek myth, Pryderi's conception in do an, the First Branch of The Mabinogion , or King Arthur's conception in Arthurian legends. COMPLETENESS : The second aspect of Aristotle's requirements for a tragedy. By completeness, Aristotle emphasizes the me get logic, wholeness, and closure necessary to How to do an, satisfy the audience. COMPOSITE MONSTER (in architecture, often called a chimera after the Greek monster): The term is one mythologists use to describe the fantastical creatures in Help money, Assyrian, Babylonian, Greek, and medieval European legends in which the beast is composed of the body-parts of various animals. For instance, in Greek mythology, the chimera has the body of a argumentative essay view a lion, tale of a serpent, wings of a bat, and Help me get money, a goat-head, a lion-head, and to be urban dictionary, a serpent's head. Likewise, the sphinx has a lion's body and a woman's head and breasts; the centaur has a horse's body and human torso and a human head where the horse-head should be; the Help me get roblox minotaur has a bull's head and a man's body; and the harpy has an avian body and a woman's head, breasts, and arms.

Earlier examples in Mesopotamian mythology include the How to a argumentative ekimmu (a bloodsucking albino ghost with a bull's head) and the lamassu (a winged horse with a human head). In the medieval period, composite monsters include the formecolion, with an ant's body and a lion's head; the mermaid, with a human top and money, a fish bottom; and Year 10 essay writing, the cockatrice, which mingles parts of a rooster and a serpent. Contrast with additive monster , above. Composite monsters were common in the legends of classical and Help money, ancient cultures, but diminished in favor after the Renaissance. Many theories propose to explain the common tendency to create composite monsters. How To! Theories include mistranslation in traveler's tales, in which an animal is describing as having a head like such-and-such a creature, but the money simile is lost in translation; the encounter of fossil remnants of extinct animals, or bones found jumbled together and misassembled; and the heraldic practice of dimidiation , in which a nobleman's son might take two animals found on his father's and mother's coats of arms combine them into a composite creature to illustrate his genealogy. An example in 20th century films includes The Fly . In this 1950s horror classic, a fly and a human trade bodies and heads. Cf. therianthropic and theriomorphic . COMPOSITOR : A typesetter in a Renaissance print shop. To speed the printing process, most of Shakespeare's plays appear to have been set by multiple compositors.

As Greenblatt notes, Compositors frequently followed their own standards in spelling and punctuation. They inevitably introduced some errors into the text, often by selecting the wrong piece from the type case or by setting the correct letter upside-down (1141). COMPOUNDING : A term from linguistics used to describe the creation of a new word ( neologism ) that comes about by taking two existing words and sticking them together to Phd dissertation proposal on alias, create a brand new concept (Horobin 192). Me Get Money Roblox! All languages do this to some extent. For instance, the word hydrogen comes from start essay view, two Greek words meaning water and stuff. However, Germanic languages and Help me get roblox, Germanic poetry (including derivatives like English) are particularly prone to creating new words this way. Thousands of English words result from two older words being compounded together, such as bathtub (bath + tub), eyesore (eye + sore); window (from two Old Norse words meaning wind and eye), and so on. However, poets regular invent neologisms by compounding to create artificial words of their own. Even Chaucer engaged in this trick, coining the word newfangled from the English new and the Middle French fanglere , meaning to make or to fashion.

See neologism , blending , and kenning . COMPURGATION : In addition to trial by ordeal , compurgation was the writing medieval law practice among Christianized Anglo-Saxon tribes to determine innocence. A man accused of a crime would publicly swear to his innocence. The judge then gave the defendant thirty days to money roblox, to collect a number of oath-helpers who would also swear to detection, his innocence (or at least his good character). If he was unable to money roblox, find the required number, he was either found guilty or he could appeal to on alias, trial by ordeal. If the me get money roblox defendant had been caught in Year 10 essay writing, the act, or was considered untrustworthy, the procedure could be reversed, and Help, the plaintiff would bring forth oath-helpers to prove his charge through similar compurgation. CONCEIT (also called a metaphysical conceit) : An elaborate or unusual comparison--especially one using unlikely metaphors, simile, hyperbole, and contradiction. Before the national honor beginning of the seventeenth century, the term conceit was a synonym for thought and roughly equivalent to idea or concept. Me Get Roblox! It gradually came to Want national urban, denote a fanciful idea or a particularly clever remark. Me Get Money Roblox! In literary terms, the How to lab report word denotes a fairly elaborate figure of speech, especially an extended comparison involving unlikely metaphors , similes , imagery , hyperbole , and Help me get money roblox, oxymora . One of the most famous conceits is John Donne's A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning, a poem in which Donne compares two souls in love to the points on a geometer's compass. Shakespeare also uses conceits regularly in his poetry. In Richard II , Shakespeare compares two kings competing for power to two buckets in How to start, a well, for instance.

A conceit is usually classified as a subtype of metaphor . Help Money! Contrast with epic simile and dyfalu . CONCRETE DICTION / CONCRETE IMAGERY : Language that describes qualities that can be perceived with the five senses as opposed to How to lab report, using abstract or generalized language. For instance, calling a fruit pleasant or good is me get money, abstract , while calling a fruit cool or sweet is concrete . The preference for abstract or concrete imagery varies from century to century. Philip Sidney praised concrete imagery in poetry in his 1595 treatise, Apologie for Poetrie . Kalä±plarä±! A century later, Neoclassical thought tended to value the generality of abstract thought. In the Help me get money roblox early 1800s, the Romantic poets like Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Shelley once again preferred concreteness. In the 20th century, the distinction between concrete and abstract has been a subject of some debate. Ezra Pound and T. E. Phd Dissertation Proposal On Alias Detection! Hulme attempted to create a theory of concrete poetry. T. S. Eliot added to this school of thought with his theory of the objective correlative.

Contrast with abstract diction / abstract imagery . CONCRETE POETRY : Poetry that draws much of its power from the way the text appears situated on the page. Me Get Money Roblox! The actual shape of the lines of text may create a swan's neck, an altar, a geometric pattern, or a set of wings, which in to be honor dictionary, some direct way connects to Help, the meaning of the words. Also called shaped poetry and to be honor urban dictionary, visual poetry, concrete poetry should not be confused with concrete diction or concrete imagery (see above). The object here is to present each poem as a different shape. It may appear on Help me get roblox the page, on glass, stone, wood, or other materials. The technique seems simple, but can allow great subtlety.

Famous concrete poets include Apollinaire, Max Bill, Eugen Gomringer and the Brazilian Noigandres Group, which exhibited a collection of concrete art at Sào Paulo in 1956. In Germany, this school of poetry is called konkretisten by critics. It includes Ernst Jandl, Achleitner, Heissenbüttel, Mon, and national honor urban dictionary, Rühm. Me Get Money! Since World War II, further experimentation in Want national society, concrete poetry has taken place by British poets, including Simon Cutts, Stuart Mills, and Ian Hamilton Finlay. See also diamante . CONFLATION : In its more restricted literary sense, a conflation is a version of a play or narrative that later editors create by combining the text from more than one substantive edition. For example, Greenblatt notes that most versions of Help money roblox King Lear published since the Want honor society urban 1700s are conflations of the Quarto and First Folio editions of the Help me get money original Renaissance texts.

CONFLICT : The opposition between two characters (such as a protagonist and an antagonist), between two large groups of juliet people, or between the protagonist and a larger problem such as forces of nature, ideas, public mores, and so on. Roblox! Conflict may also be completely internal, such as the protagonist struggling with his psychological tendencies (drug addiction, self-destructive behavior, and so on); William Faulkner famously claimed that the most important literature deals with the subject of the human heart in conflict with itself. Conflict is the engine that drives a plot. How To! Examples of narratives driven mainly by conflicts between the protagonist and nature include Jack London's To Build a Fire (in which the Californian struggles to me get, save himself from freezing to death in Alaska) and Stephen Crane's The Open Boat (in which shipwrecked men in a lifeboat struggle to stay alive and get to about quotes, shore). Examples of narratives driven by conflicts between a protagonist and money, an antagonist include Mallory's Le Morte D'arthur , in How to, which King Arthur faces off against his evil son Mordred, each representing civilization and barbarism respectively. Examples of narratives driven by internal struggles include Daniel Scott Keyes' Flowers for Algernon, in which the hero struggles with the loss of his own intelligence to congenital mental retardation, and me get, Edgar Allan Poe's The Tell-Tale Heart, in which the protagonist ends up struggling with his own guilt after committing a murder. How To Do An Ib Chemistry! In complex works of literature, multiple conflicts may occur at once. Help Me Get Money Roblox! For instance, in Want to be honor urban dictionary, Shakespeare's Othello , one level of conflict is the unseen struggle between Othello and the machinations of Iago, who seeks to Help money roblox, destroy him. Do An Ib Chemistry! Another level of conflict is Othello's struggle with his own jealous insecurities and his suspicions that Desdemona is cheating on him. CONFUCIAN CLASSICS : Five ancient Chinese writings commonly attributed to Confucius, though it is likely they are actually compilations of traditional material predating him. The five classics include the I Ching ( The Book of Changes ), the Shu Ching ( The Book of History ), the Shih Ching , ( The Book of Odes ), the Record of Rites ( Li Chi ), and Help roblox, the Spring and Autumn Annals . To see where this material fits in to be national society, an outline of Help me get money roblox Chinese history, click here.

CONJUGATION : The inflection of Year writing juliet a verb to show its person, number, mood, or tense. Here is a sample conjugation of the present tense indicative forms of to sing in English and cantar in Spanish: CONNOTATION : The extra tinge or taint of meaning each word carries beyond the minimal, strict definition found in a dictionary. For instance, the Help me get money terms civil war , revolution and rebellion have the with kalä±plarä± same denotation; they all refer to an attempt at social or political change. However, civil war carries historical connotations for Americans beyond that of revolution or rebellion . Likewise, revolution is often applied more generally to me get roblox, scientific or theoretical changes, and Buy writing essays, it does not necessarily connote violence. Rebellion , for many English speakers connotes an improper uprising against a legitimate authority (thus we speak about rebellious teenagers rather than revolutionary teenagers). In the same way, the me get roblox words house and home both refer to a domicile, but home connotes certain singular emotional qualities and personal possession in a way that house doesn't.

I might own four houses I rent to others, but I might call none of these my home , for example. Much of poetry involves the poet using connotative diction that suggests meanings beyond what the words simply say. Contrast with denotation . CONSONANCE : A special type of alliteration in which the Buy writing essays about quotes repeated pattern of consonants is roblox, marked by changes in the intervening vowels--i.e., the Buy writing quotes final consonants of the stressed syllables match each other but the vowels differ. As M. H. Abrams illustrates in The Norton Anthology of English Literature , examples include linger , longer , and languor or rider , reader , raider , and ruder . Do not confuse consonance with a consonant (see below). See also assonance and sound symbolism . CONSONANT : A speech sound that is not a vowel. To download a PDF file listing consonants and their symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet, click here. CONSUETUDINAL BE : Uninflected use of the verb be to indicate habitual or frequent action.

This grammatical structure is characteristic of Black Vernacular . An example would be as follows: What you be doing on Thursdays? I be working every afternoon. Users of Help money roblox standard edited English typically frown on Buy writing essays about quotes this grammatical formation. CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE : Literature written at the present moment. Although the writers in me get roblox, every century would consider themselves contemporary or modern, when speakers use this term, they almost always mean either modernist or postmodernist literature. COTERIE WRITING : Writing intended originally for the amusement or edification of a small circle of friends or family rather than for publication or public perusal. Often, however, such writings later become adopted or modified for publication. Sometimes, the author does this; in other cases, later editors do this posthumously. Famous examples include Mary Shelley originally created Frankenstein as part of a ghost-story contest amongst her friends and literary comrades. Phd Dissertation! Aphra Behn originally wrote many of her poems as part of coterie writing, though most of her plays, her philosophical treatises, and Oronooko appear to have penned with a deliberate eye toward publication or financial gain.

CONTEXTUAL SYMBOL : A unique or original symbol an author creates within the context of an individual work or an author's collected works. Examples include the Snopes family in Help money roblox, Faulkner's collected works, who together function as a symbol of the Phd dissertation on alias detection South's moral decay, or the town of Castle Rock, Maine, which in Help roblox, Stephen King's works functions as a microcosmic symbol of human society. Contrast with cultural symbol , below. CONTRACTION : The squeezing together of sounds or words--especially when one word blurs into another--during fast or informal speech. Contractions such as I'm (I am), he's (he is), and they're (they are) are common in verbal communication, but they are often considered too loose for more formal writing.

CONTRAPASSIO (counter-suffering): A thematic principle involving situational irony in which a punishment's nature corresponds exactly to the nature of a crime. 10 Essay! Much of Dante's Inferno revolves around elaborate contrapassio . CONTROL TEXT : A specific text upon which a modern edition is based. For instance, there are at least three dominant manuscript traditions of money roblox Langland's Piers Plowman poem: the A-text, the Phd dissertation proposal B-text, and the C-text (and possibly a Z-text, as recent scholarship has tentatively suggested). These versions contain different dialogue, different wording, and Help me get, different spelling; they do not all contain the same passages and do not include identical storylines. A modern editor must either choose one to use as the basis of a modern edition, or she must create a conflation . Several Shakespeare plays vary wildly between the quarto and folio versions--including Hamlet and King Lear . In other cases, such as Le Morte D'Arthur , a modern editor must choose between using a manuscript source for writing, his control text (such as the Winchester Manuscript) or a printed source (such as Caxton's printed Renaissance edition). CONVENTION : A common feature that has become traditional or expected within a specific genre (category) of me get literature or film. In Harlequin romances, it is conventional to focus on a male and female character who struggle through misunderstandings and difficulties until they fall in love. In western films of the How to start essay early twentieth-century, for instance, it has been conventional for protagonists to wear white hats and antagonists to wear black hats. The wandering knight-errant who travels from place to me get, place, seeking adventure while suffering from the effects of hunger and the elements, is a convention in medieval romances.

It is a convention for an English sonnet to have fourteen lines with a specific rhyme scheme, abab , cdcd , efef , gg , and so on. The use of a chorus and the unities are dramatic conventions of Want honor urban Greek tragedy, while, the aside , and the soliloquy are conventions in Elizabethan tragedy. Conventions are often referred to as poetic, literary, or dramatic, depending upon whether the convention appears in a poem, short story or novel, or a play. CONVENTIONAL : A conventional linguistic trait is an arbitrary one learned from others, not one determined by some natural law or genetic inheritance. Today, most linguists think most vocabulary and grammar are conventional, but some linguists in me get, previous centuries believed ethnicity affected language development and acquisition. CORPUS CHRISTI PLAY : A religious play performed outdoors in the medieval period that enacts an event from the on alias detection Bible, such as the story of Adam and me get roblox, Eve, Noah's flood, the crucifixion, and so on. The word is derived from the religious festival of Corpus Christi (Latin: The Body of Christ).

See also cycle and mystery play . CORRESPONDENCES : An integral part of the medieval and Renaissance model of the universe known as the Chain of Buy writing essays about quotes Being. The idea was that different links on the Chain of Being were interconnected and had a sort of sympathetic correspondence to each other. Each type of being or object (men, beasts, celestial objects, fish, plants, and me get money, rocks) had a place within a hierarchy designed by God. Each type of object had a primate , which was by nature the proposal detection most noble, rare, valuable, and superb example of Help me get money its type. For instance, the king was primate among men, the lion among beasts, the How to a argumentative essay view sun among celestial objects, the whale among fish, the oak among trees, and Help money, the diamond among rocks.

Often, there was a symbolic link between primates of on alias detection different orders--such as the lion being a symbol of royalty, or the king sleeping in a bed of Help me get money roblox oak. This symbolic link was a correspondence. However, correspondences were thought to exist in the material world as well as in the world of ideas. Disturbances in nature would correspond to How to start essay view, disturbances in me get roblox, the political realm (the body politic ), in the human body (the microcosm ), and in the natural world as a whole (the macrocosm ). For instance, if the king were to become ill, Elizabethans might expect lions and beasts to Phd dissertation on alias, fall sick, rebellions to break out in the kingdom, individuals to develop headaches or fevers, and stars to fall from the sky. All of these events could correspond to each other on the chain of being, and each would coincide with the others. For more information about correspondences and the Chain of Being, click here. COSMIC IRONY : Another term for situational irony--especially situational irony connected to a fatalistic or pessimistic view of Help life.

See discussion under irony , below. COTHURNI : The Greek word for the elevator-shoes worn by important actors on to be national honor dictionary stage. See discussion under buskins . COTTON LIBRARY, THE : One of the most important collections of Old and Middle English texts. Click here for details. COTTON NERO A.X : The Middle English manuscript that includes Pearl , Cleanness , Patience , Sir Gawain and Help me get money roblox, the Green Knight , and the Legend of Saint Erkenwald . Click here for Buy writing essays quotes, details. COTTON VITELLIUS A.XV : The Old English manuscript that includes The Passion of Saint Christopher , The Wonders of the East , and The Letter of me get money roblox Alexander to Aristotle , Beowulf , and start a argumentative view, the Old English translation of Judith . Click here for details.

COUNTING : A technique of Help me get money roblox determining stylistic qualities of national honor dictionary a piece of writing by counting the Help money numbers of words in paragraphs or sentences, and determining the Buy writing essays about quotes average number of Help money modifiers, average word lengths, and so on. COUPLET : Two lines--the second line immediately following the first--of the juliet same metrical length that end in me get money, a rhyme to form a complete unit. Geoffrey Chaucer and other writers helped popularize the form in English poetry in the fourteenth century. An especially popular form in later years was the writing an essay heroic couplet , which was rhymed iambic pentameter. It was popular from the 1600s through the me get money late 1700s. Much Romantic poetry in the early 1800s used the couplet as well.

A couplet that occurs after the volta in Want to be honor society dictionary, an English sonnet is called a gemel (see sonnet, volta, gemel ). COURT OF LOV E : In medieval convention, a court of love is an assemblage of women presided over by Help money, a queen or noblewoman. Buy Writing Essays About! At this mock-court, various young knights or courtiers are summoned to court and put on trial by the ladies for their crimes against me get roblox love. With Kalä±plarä±! These crimes might be neglecting their sweethearts, failing to wear their ladies' tokens at jousts, and so on. Chaucer himself may have been summoned to a court of love for Help me get money roblox, his libelous depiction of Criseyde in Troilus and Criseyde , and Queen Anne may have required him to write The Legend of Help with writing an essay Good Women as a penance for his literary crimes.

In The Wife of Bath's Tale, we find an inversion of the me get roblox normal play-acting in which King Arthur gives Gwenevere and her ladies the right to How to start essay, try a rapist-knight for money, his crimes. Here, the How to start a argumentative women literally have power of life or death over Help, the subject. Andreas Capellanus discusses the courts of Buy writing essays about love in Help me get, his medieval writings, and more recent scholars such as C. S. Lewis ( The Allegory of Love ) and Amy Kelly ( Eleanor of Aquitaine ) discuss the convention at How to do an lab report length. Cf. demand d'amour . COURTLY LOVE (Medieval French: fin amour or amour courtois ): Possibly a cultural trope in the late twelfth-century, or possibly a literary convention that captured popular imagination, courtly love refers to a code of behavior that gave rise to modern ideas of Help money chivalrous romance. The term itself was popularized by C. S. Lewis' and Gaston Paris' scholarly studies, but its historical existence remains contested in ib chemistry, critical circles. Help Me Get Money Roblox! The conventions of courtly love are that a knight of noble blood would adore and worship a young noble-woman from afar, seeking to society urban, protect her honor and win her favor by valorous deeds. He typically falls ill with love-sickness, while the woman chastely or scornfully rejects or refuses his advances in public but privately encourages him. Courtly love was associated with (A) nobility, since no peasants can engage in fine love; (B) secrecy; (C) adultery, since often the one or both participants were married to Help me get roblox, another noble who was unloved; and (D) paradoxically with chastity, since the Help an essay passion should never be consummated due to social circumstances, thus it was a higher love unsullied by selfish carnal desires or political concerns of arranged marriages. Me Get Money Roblox! In spite of this ideal of quotes chastity, the knightly characters in literature usually end up giving in to their passions with tragic results--such as Lancelot and Guenevere's fate, or that of Tristan and Iseult. We associate courtly love with French literature primarily, but the concept permeated German and Italian literature as well.

The German equivalent of fin amour is me get money, Minne (hence Minnesänger ), and the Italian poets of the dolce stil nuovo cultivated similar subject matter. The convention of courtly love eventually becomes a source of parody. Andreas Capellanus' Rules of Courtly Love provides a satirical guide to the endeavor, and Chretien de Troyes satirizes the conventions in his courtly literature as well. Similar conventions influence Petrarch's poetry and Shakespeare's sonnets. These sonnets often emphasize in Phd dissertation on alias, particular the Help me get money idea of love from afar and unrequited love, and make use of imagery and with kalä±plarä±, wording common to the earlier French tradition. In terms of Help me get whether or not practices of Year 10 essay juliet courtly love were a historical reality, scholars are loosely divided into Help me get roblox, schools of thought, as William Kibler notes. The first group, the so-called realists, argue that such institutions truly did exist in Phd dissertation detection, the Middle Ages and the literature of the time reproduces this realistically. Help Roblox! The opposing school, the so-called idealists, argue that (at best) courtly love was a court game taken ironically as a joke, or (at worst) post-Romantic/Victorian readers have superimposed their own ideals and wishes on medieval culture by exaggerating these components. CRADLE TRICK : A sub-category of the bed-trick , this is a folk motif in which the Year 10 essay juliet position of a cradle in a dark room leads one character to Help money roblox, climb into bed with the do an ib chemistry lab report wrong sexual partner.

It appears prominently in Chaucer's The Reeve's Tale. In the Aarne-Thompson folk-index, this motif is usually numbered as motif no. 1363. CREEPYPASTA : A short story posted online designed to shock, frighten, or disconcert the reader. For more discussion, see ghost story . CREOLE : A native language combining the me get money roblox traits of multiple languages, i.e., an advanced and How to ib chemistry, fully developed pidgin. In the American South, black slaves were often brought in Help, from a variety of African tribes sharing no common language. On the plantation, they developed first a pidgin (limited and 10 essay juliet, simplified) version of English with heavy Portuguese and African influences.

This pidgin allowed slaves some rudimentary communication with each other and with their slave masters. In time, they lost their original African languages and the mixed speech became the Help me get native tongue of their children--a creole. Contrast with pidgin . CRESCENDO : Another term for rhetorical climax . See climax, rhetorical , above. CRISIS (plural: crises ): The turning point of proposal on alias detection uncertainty and tension resulting from earlier conflict in a plot. At the moment of crisis in a story, it is unclear if the protagonist will succeed or fail in his struggle. The crisis usually leads to or overlaps with the climax of a story, though some critics use the money two terms synonymously. See climax, literary , above. CRITICAL READING : Careful analysis of an essay's structure and logic in to be honor dictionary, order to determine the validity of an argument. Often this term is used synonymously with close reading (see above), but I prefer to reserve close reading for the artistic analysis of literature. Click here for me get money, more information about critical reading.

Cf. close reading . CRITICUS APPARATUS : The scholarly notations in a critical edition (especially a variorum edition) in a argumentative, which the editor indicates all the known variations of money a particular text. The apparatus often appears running along the 10 essay juliet bottom of Help money roblox each page or sometimes in the back of the book, and quotes, often incorporates editorial footnotes and glosses. The apparatus can appear quite cryptic to students unfamiliar with the money roblox formulaic abbreviations in scholarly use. For instance, below is an illustrative notation from A. V. C. Schmidt's criticus apparatus for Passus I, line 1, of the Everyman edition of do an ib chemistry lab report William Langland's Piers Plowman , page 14: Collation WHmCrGYOC2CLMHRF.

RUBRIC Passus primus de visione Wr (pr] Secundus F; de v.] de petri le ploughman BR; om O); om GC2. This notation indicates subsequent lines are collated together in thirteen of the Help money surviving manuscripts, each manuscript being indicated by Want national dictionary, a special abbreviation. Furthermore, the opening line in manuscripts W and r has a Latin title written in red ink (rubricated) as indicated, but another manuscript F has labeled it as secundus rather than primus, while the B and R manuscripts label it in a combination of French and Latin, and so on. A good criticus apparatus helps document all this diversity by gathering it together, line-by-line, for convenient comparison at a glance, but the editor presumes the reader knows the me get money dense, standardized abbreviations involved in this notation. For a clearer, hypothetical example, let us imagine Edgar Allan Poe has a poem surviving in three slightly different forms. The most widespread version Poe had published by Help writing, Smith Publishing early in his career. Me Get Money! Ten years later, Poe revised the Help writing an essay kalä±plarä± poem for a new publisher, Baker Books, and they printed this revision a few years after Poe's death. Last of all, a third unpolished version survives in Poe's own handwritten notes. Scholars discover this last manuscript version squirreled away in Help roblox, the Morgan Library in 2012. Modern editors would compile these three sources and select what they consider the best text. However, they must not ignore the alternative versions by leaving them unnoted and Help writing, unannotated; that would effectively erase them from history.

Accordingly, the editors might add a criticus apparatus . Here, they would note the relevant line number and indicate alternatives. The first version by Smith Books (abbreviated S) has the phrase Conqueror Worme appear in line six. The version by Baker Books (abbreviated B) has a slightly different archaic spelling Conqueror Wyrm in the same spot. Finally, Poe's own original handwritten rough draft of the poem survives among his papers in the Morgan Library (abbreviated Ml). Help Me Get Roblox! This manuscript uses the abbreviation Conqu. Wm. scrawled in that line. Now, a modern scholar wants to publish an authoritative version of Phd dissertation proposal on alias Poe's poem a century later. This modern editor chooses to emend the line to Help me get, a standardized spelling of Conqueror Worm. The criticus apparatus at the bottom of the page might consist of a footnote such as this:

6 Conqeror Worm ] S: Conqueror Worme ; B: Conqueror Wyrm , Ml: Conqu. Wm . The 6 indicates line six as the section with variant readings. The words before the bracket ] show readers that the editor considers the preceding version the best text for a modern reader--or at least the version the editor has chosen for his edition. Help With Writing An Essay Kalä±plarä±! The material after the me get money roblox bracket lists each variant source and indicates how the differing material appeared in Year 10 essay writing, that source as exactly as possible. A criticus apparatus documents the known variations that might plausibly be accurate and reminds modern readers of the multiple possible versions an earlier audience might have experienced. This process is especially pertinent in classical and medieval studies, since in Help roblox, the pre-print era, handwritten texts often exhibited striking and even contradictory variant readings. For instance, in the case of The Aeneid , about 3,000 texts survive with each manuscript containing significant variations. In the case of start a argumentative Chaucer, about 82 versions of the Canterbury Tales survive, all with variant readings. In the case of Shakespeare, striking differences appear in Help me get money roblox, the F (folio) and Q1, Q2, Q3 (first, second, and third quarto) versions of his plays, and so on.

CROSSED RHYME : In long couplets, especially hexameter lines, sufficient room in the line allows a poet to use rhymes in the middle of the line as well as at the end of each line. Swinburne's Hymn to Proserpine illustrates its use: Thou hast conquered, O pale Galilean ; the world has grown grey from How to ib chemistry, Thy breath ; We have drunken of things Lethean , and fed on the fullness of death . Laurel is green for a season , and love is me get money, sweet for a day ; But love grows bitter with treason , and proposal detection, laurel outlives not May . In the excerpt above, the words in red are part of crossed rhyme, and the words in green are regular rhyme. Crossed rhyme is also called interlaced rhyme . Contrast with internal rhyme and leonine rhyme . CROWN OF SONNETS : According to Help me get money, Shipley (142), an with writing kalä±plarä± interlinked poem or cycle of seven sonnets in Help roblox, which the last line of each of the first six serves as the last line of the next, and the last line of the seventh sonnet serves as the first line of the first sonnet. All other rhymes are used once only in the collection of the entire seven sonnets.

An English example would be Donne's La Corona, though the structure is on alias detection, much more common in Italian poetry. A more complicated alternative structure is the so-called heroic crown of sonnets (alias the sonnet redoublé ), which is similar in structure but consists of 15 rather than 7 sonnets in total, but which follows the same rules for Help roblox, rhyme repetitions (Shipley 530). CTHULHU MYTHOS (also spelled Cthulu and Kutulu , pronounced various ways): Strongly influential in pulp science fiction and early twentieth-century horror stories , the Cthulhu mythos revolves around a pantheon of malign alien beings worshipped as gods by half-breed cultists. These aliens were invented and Year juliet, popularized by pulp fiction horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. Help Me Get! The name Cthulhu comes from Lovecraft's 1928 short story, The Call of Cthulhu, which introduces the creature Cthulhu as a gigantic, bat-winged, tentacled, green monstrosity who once ruled planet earth in a argumentative essay view, prehistoric times. Currently in a death-like state of hibernation, it now awaits an opportunity to Help money, rise from the underwater city of R'lyeh and plunge the earth once more into juliet, darkness and terror. August Derleth later coined the term Cthulhu mythos to describe collectively the settings, themes, and alien beings first imagined by Lovecraft but later adapted by pulp fiction authors like Clark Ashton Smith, Robert E. Howard, Robert Bloch, Henry Kuttner, and Brian Lumley. Some common elements, motifs, and characters of the mythos include the following: CULTURAL SYMBOL: A symbol widely or generally accepted as meaning something specific within an entire culture or social group, as opposed to a contextual symbol created by a single author that has meaning only me get, within a single work or group of works. Buy Writing About! Examples of me get money cultural symbols in How to start a argumentative view, Western culture include the cross as a symbol of Christianity, the money American flag as a symbol of America's colonial history of thirteen colonies growing into fifty states, the gold ring as a symbol of marital commitment, the view Caduceus as a symbol of medicine, and me get, the color black as a symbol of mourning. Proposal On Alias! Examples of cultural symbols in other cultures include white as a symbol of mourning in Japan, the Yin-Yang sphere as an oriental symbol of oppositional forces in balance, the white crane as a symbol of longevity in Mandarin China, and so forth.

Any writer in a specific culture could use one of these symbols and be relatively confident that the reader would understand what each symbol represented. Help Money Roblox! Thus, if a writer depicted a pedophilic priest as trampling a crucifix into the mud, it is likely the reader would understand this action represents the way the priest tramples Christian ideals, and so forth. Contrast with contextual symbol and How to do an, archetype . CYBERPUNK MOVEMENT : (1) A loose school of science fiction authors including William Gibson, Bruce Stirling, Rudy Rucker, and Neal Stephenson who rose in popularity in the 1980s and 1990s. (2) A science fiction subgenre that shares the concerns and features of those works produced by the cyberpunk school. Features of Help me get their novels and about, short stories in this period include the following motifs: Common themes include the me get dehumanization, commodification, and mechanization of the individual; the negative effects of commercialization upon society; and implicit philosophical questions regarding consciousness and sensory reality. These cyberpunk authors have been profoundly influential in late twentieth-century science fiction films (such as Strange Days , Robocop , etc.) and Japanese anime , where cyberpunk elements have become so common as to be almost cliché . The metaverse or the Net imagined by Want to be honor society, these early authors in the 1980s have been seen as prophetic of the later real-world rise of the internet after 1993. Examples of novels, anthologies, short stories, and other literary works from the me get roblox cyberpunk movement include Neuromancer , Mona Lisa Overdrive , Islands in the Net , and Johnny Mnemonic. Do An Ib Chemistry! (The last of these has been adapted into an awful film that bears little similarity to the original short story.) More recently, Neal Stephenson's Snow Crash has put a more satirical spin on the genre . CYCLE : In general use, a literary cycle is any group of closely related works. We speak of the Scandinavian, Arthurian , and Charlemagne cycles, for Help roblox, instance. These refer collectively to many poems and stories written by various artists over several centuries.

These cycles all deal with Scandinavian heros, King Arthur and his knights, or the legends of King Charlemagne respectively. More specifically, a mystery cycle refers to the complete set of mystery plays performed during the Corpus Christi festival in Phd dissertation proposal detection, medieval religious drama (typically 45 or so plays, each of which depicted a specific event in biblical history from the creation of the world to the last judgment). The major English cycles of Help mystery plays include the York, Coventry, Wakefield or Towneley, and Chester cycles. Year 10 Essay! See Corpus Christi play , above. Help Money! See also sonnet cycle . CYHYDEDD HIR : A syllabic verse form in quotes, ancient Welsh poetry. The octave stanza consists two quatrains of four lines with five, five, five, and me get roblox, four syllables respectively.

The rhyme scheme is AAAx AAAx , with X's indicating unrhymed lines. See octave and rhyme . CYHYDEDD NAW BAN : A syllabic verse form in ancient Welsh poetry in which some lines are composed of nine syllables. The rhyming couplets, when they appear, must rhyme with another line of identical length. CYNGHANEDD (pronounced kun HAN neth , lit. Welsh for symphony or harmony): A Welsh term that loosely denotes sound similarities peculiar to Welsh poetry, especially alliteration and internal rhyme . Typically, the consonants in one word or line repeat in proposal detection, the same pattern at the beginning and end of the next word or line--but the me get roblox vowel sounds between the Want national consonants change slightly. In the English tradition of poetry, Gerard Manley Hopkins charmingly refers to such devices as chimes , and he makes much use of them in his works such as Spring and Fall. See also awdl and englyn . For an Help money roblox example of cynghanedd in How to, English, click here.

CYNING : A king, another term for an Anglo-Saxon hlaford . Not to be confused with kenning , an Anglo-Saxon poetic device. CYRCH A CHWTA : A Welsh verse form consisting of an octave stanza of six rhyming or alliterating seven-syllable lines plus a couplet. Help! The second line of the couplet rhymes with the first six lines. The first line of the couplet cross-rhymes in the third, fourth, or fifth syllable of the eighth line. CYRILLIC : Also called, azbuka , the alphabet used to write Russian, Serbian, and Bulgarian.

The name comes from the 9th-century Greek missionary Saint Cyril, who traveled from Byzantium to convert Slavic races of Moravia to to be national honor urban, Christianity. Folklore credits Cyril at the inventor of this script, though it is more likely he invented the Glaglotic , what Harkins refers to as an abtruse alphabet of me get money obscure origin, which soon lost favor (5). Cyrillic, modeled largely on ib chemistry lab report the Greek alphabet, rose to replace Glaglotic, though Cyril retained credit. The alphabet came to Russia later after its Christianization in 988 or 989. Modern Russian, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Bulgarian, and Serbian alphabets were later offshoots of Cyrillic. Peter the Great simplified the Help alphabet in 1708, so the lettering required less ornate design, and later modifiers removed four characters as redundant in 1918. The present alphabet consists of thirty letters, mostly phonetic, though it does not show the stress of syllables (5). CYWYDD (plural, cywyddau) : A fourteenth-century metrical form of Welsh lyric poetry consisting of rhyming couplets with each line having seven syllables. Traditionally, in each couplet, the lines end with alternately stressed and Help with writing an essay, unstressed meter. In terms of content, cywyddau traditionally include examples of dyfalu --strings of unusual comparisons similar to Help me get roblox, metaphysical conceits. The genre is associated with the poet Dafydd ap Gwilym.

CYWDD DEUAIR HIRION : In Welsh prosody, the term refers to a form of light verse consisting of detection a single couplet with seventeen syllables. Me Get! The first line has a masculine ending and the last line a feminine ending. CYWYDD LLOSGYRNOG : A type of Welsh verse consisting of a sestet stanza in which the syllable count is eight, eight, seven, eight, eight, and seven respectively. The first two lines rhyme and cross-rhyme with the Want urban middle syllable of the sixth line and the third and sixth lines rhyme with each other. Roblox! Rime coueé or tail-rhyme has a similar scheme.