Research in homework

body writing Toward an Understanding of l'Écriture féminine. Ann Rosalind Jones. France is today the scene of feminisms. The Mouvement de libération des femmes (MLF) grows every year, but so do the factions within it: feminist journals carry on bitter debates, a group of women writers boycotts a feminist publishing house, French women at conferences in Research, the United States contradict each other's positions at top volume (Monique Wittig to Hélène Cixous: Ceci est un scandale!). But in the realm of theory, the French share a deep critique of the modes through which the West has claimed to discern evidence--or reality--and a suspicion concerning efforts to change the position of women that fail to address the forces in the body, in the unconscious, in the basic structures of culture that are invisible to the empirical eye. Motivation To Write A Research Employee? Briefly, French feminists in general believe that Western thought has been based on a systematic repression of women's experience. Thus their assertion of a bedrock female nature makes sense as a point from Research, which to deconstruct language, philosophy, psychoanalysis, the social practices, and the direction of patriarchal culture as we live in and resist it.

This position, the turn to féminité as a challenge to male--centered thinking, has stirred up curiosity and set off resonances among American feminists, who are increasingly open to theory, to philosophical, psychoanalytic, and Marxist critiques of masculinist ways of seeing the world. (Speakers at recent U.S. feminist conferences have, indeed, been accused of management being too theoretical.) And it seems to me that it is precisely through theory that some of the positions of the in homework, French feminists need to Financial assignment help for international be questioned--as they have been in France since the beginnings of the MLF. My intention, then, is to pose some questions about the theoretical consistency and Research (yes, they can't be repressed!) the practical and political implications of French discussions and celebrations of the feminine. For if one posits that female subjectivity is derived from women's physiology and bodily instincts as they affect sexual experience and the unconscious, both theoretical and management help practical problems can and do arise. The four French women I will discuss here--Julia Kristeva, Luce Irigaray, Hélène Cixous, and Monique Wittig--share a common opponent, masculinist thinking; but they envision different modes of resisting and moving beyond it. Their common ground is an analysis of Western culture as fundamentally oppressive, as phallogocentric.

I am the unified, self-controlled center of the universe, man (white, European, and ruling-class) has claimed. The rest of the world, which I define as the in homework, Other, has meaning only in relation to Student research thesis me, as man/father, possessor of the phallus. l This claim to Research centrality has been supported not only by religion and philosophy but also by language. To speak and especially to write from such a position is to Health services essay appropriate the world, to dominate it through verbal mastery. Symbolic discourse (language, in Research in homework, various contexts) is another means through which man objectifies the world, reduces it to his terms, speaks in place of everything and Financial management assignment everyone else--including women. How, then, are the Institutions and signifying practices (speech, writing, images, myths, and Research rituals) of such a culture to be resisted?

These French women agree that resistance does take place in the form of jouissance , that is, in the direct reexperience of the physical pleasures of infancy and of later sexuality, repressed but not obliterated by the Law of the Father. 2 Kristeva stops here; but Irigaray and Cixous go on to emphasize that women, historically limited to being sexual objects for men (virgins or prostitutes, wives or mothers), have been prevented from expressing their sexuality in itself or for themselves. If they can do this, and if they can speak about it in the new languages it calls for, they will establish a point of view (a site of différence ) from which phallogocentric concepts and controls can be seen through and taken apart, not only in theory but also in practice. Like Cixous, Wittig has produced a number of Motivation to write a research employee textes féminins , but she insists that the theory and practice of féminité must be focused on Research in homework, women among themselves, rather than on their divergence from men or from men's views of them. From a joint attack on phallogocentrism, then, these four writers move to various strategies against management assignment for international, it. Julia Kristeva, a founding member of the Research, semiotic-Marxist journal Tel Quel , and the author of several books on avant-garde writers, language, and philosophy, finds in psychoanalysis the concept of the bodily drives that survive cultural pressures toward sublimation and surface in what she calls semiotic discourse: the gestural, rhythmic, prereferential language of such writers as Joyce, Mallarmé, and Artaud. 3 These men, rather than giving up their blissful infantile fusion with their mothers, their orality and anality, reexperience such jouissances subconsciously and set them into play by constructing texts against the rules and regularities of conventional language. How do women fit into this scheme of semiotic liberation? Indirectly, as mothers, because they are the Personal essay contest, first love objects from which the child is typically separated and Research in homework turned away in the course of his initiation into society. Essay Contest? In fact, Kristeva sees semiotic discourse as an incestuous challenge to in homework the symbolic order, asserting as it does the writer's return to the pleasures of his preverbal identification with his mother and his refusal to identify with his father and the logic of paternal discourse.

Women, for Kristeva, also speak and write as hysterics, as outsiders to male-dominated discourse, for two reasons: the predominance in them of drives related to anality and childbirth, and their marginal position vis-a-vis masculine culture. Essay? Their semiotic style is likely to involve repetitive, spasmodic separations from the in homework, dominating discourse, which, more often, they are forced to imitate. 4. Kristeva doubts, however, whether women should aim to work out alternative discourses. She sees certain liberatory potentials in their marginal position, which is (admirably) unlikely to produce a fixed, authority-claiming subject/ speaker or language: In social, sexual and symbolic experiences, being a woman has always provided a means to another end, to becoming something else: a subject-in-the-making, a subject on trial. Rather than formulating a new discourse, women should persist in Motivation a research employee, challenging the discourses that stand: If women have a role to play . it is only in assuming a negative function: reject everything finite, definite, structured, loaded with meaning, in the existing state of in homework society. Such an driscoll masters thesis, attitude places women on the side of the Research, explosion of social codes: with revolutionary movements. 5 In fact, woman to Kristeva represents not so much a sex as an attitude, any resistance to conventional culture and language; men, too, have access to the jouissance that opposes phallogocentrism: A feminist practice can only be . at odds with what already exists so that we may say that's not it and that's still not it. By woman I mean that which cannot be represented, what is not said, what remains above and beyond nomenclatures and ideologies. There are certain men who are familiar with this phenomenon. Personal Essay? For Luce Irigaray, on Research, the contrary, women have a specificity that distinguishes them sharply from men.

A psychoanalyst and former member of l'École freudienne at the University of management Paris (Vincennes), she was fired from her teaching position in the fall of 1974, three weeks after the publication of her study of the phallocentric bias in Freud. Speculum de l'autre femme is Research in homework, this study, a profound and wittily sarcastic demonstration of the ways in which Plato and Freud define woman: as irrational and invisible, as imperfect (castrated) man. In later essays she continues her argument that women, because they have been caught in a world structured by man-centered concepts, have had no way of knowing or representing themselves. Research? But she offers as the starting point for a female self-consciousness the Research in homework, facts of women's bodies and women's sexual pleasure, precisely because they have been so absent or so misrepresented in male discourse. Women, she says, experience a diffuse sexuality arising, for example, from the two lips of the vulva, and writing for you a multiplicity of libidinal energies that cannot be expressed or understood within the identity-claiming assumptions of phallocentric discourse (I am a unified, coherent being, and what is significant in the world reflects my male image).

7 Irigaray argues further that female sexuality explains women's problematic relationship to (masculine) logic and language: Woman has sex organs just about everywhere. She experiences pleasure almost everywhere. The geography of her pleasure is much more diversified, more multiple in its differences, more complex, more subtle, than is Research in homework, imagined-in an imaginary [system] centered a bit too much on one and a research paper employee the same. She is Research in homework, infinitely other in herself. That is undoubtedly the reason she is called temperamental, incomprehensible, perturbed, capricious-not to mention her language in which she goes off in all directions and in which he is unable to discern the coherence of any meaning. Contradictory words seem a little crazy to the logic of reason, and inaudible for him who listens with ready-made grids, a code prepared in advance. In her statements-at least when she dares to speak out-woman retouches herself constantly. Research Thesis? 8. Irigaray concedes that women's discovery of their autoeroticism will not, by itself, arrive automatically or enable them to transform the existing order: For a woman to arrive at the point where she can enjoy her pleasure as a woman, a long detour by the analysis of the various systems that oppress her is certainly necessary. 9 Irigaray herself writes essays using Marxist categories to Research analyze men's use and exchange of women, and in others she uses female physiology as a source of critical metaphors and counterconcepts (against physics, pornography, Nietzsche's misogyny, myth), 10 rather than literally. Financial Assignment Help For International? Yet her focus on the physical bases for the difference between male and physical sexuality remains the same: women must recognize and assert their jouissance if they are to subvert phallocentric oppression at its deepest levels.

Since 1975, when she founded women's studies at in homework, Vincennes, Hé1ène Cixous has been a spokeswoman for the group Psychanalyse et politique and a prolific writer of texts for their publishing house, Des Femmes. Management School? She admires, like Kristeva, male writers such as Joyce and Genet who have produced antiphallocentric texts. 11 But she is convinced that women's unconscious is totally different from men's, and that it is their psychosexual specificity that will empower women to Research overthrow masculinist ideologies and to create new female discourses. Of her own writing she says, Je suis là où ça parle (A am there where it/id/the female unconscious speaks). 12 She has produced a series of Research paper analyses of Research in homework women's suffering under the laws of male sexuality (the first-person narrative Angst , the play Portrait de Dora , the libretto for the opera Le Nom d'Oedipe ) and a growing collection of demonstrations of what id-liberated female discourses might be: La , Ananké , and Personal essay Illa . In her recent Vivre l'orange (1979), she celebrates the Brazilian writer Clarice Lispector for what she sees as a peculiarly female attentiveness to objects, the ability to Research in homework perceive and represent them in Personal, a nurturing rather than dominating way. She believes that this empathetic attentiveness, and the literary modes to which it gives rise, arise from libidinal rather than sociocultural sources; the typically feminine gesture, not culturally but libidinally, [is] to produce in order to bring about life, pleasure, not in order to in homework accumulate. 13. Cixous criticizes psychoanalysis for its thesis of Personal essay a 'natural' anatomical determination of sexual difference-opposition, focusing on physical drives rather than body parts for Research her definition of male-female contrasts: It is at the level of contest sexual pleasure in my opinion that the difference makes itself most clearly apparent in as far as woman's libidinal economy is in homework, neither identifiable by a man nor referrable to Motivation employee the masculine economy. 14 In her manifesto for l'écriture féminine , The Laugh of the Medusa (1975), her comparisons and lyricism suggest that she admires in women a sexuality that is remarkably constant and almost mystically superior to the phallic single-mindedness it transcends: Though masculine sexuality gravitates around the penis, engendering that centralized body (in political anatomy) under the dictatorship of its parts, woman does not bring about the Research in homework, same regionalization which serves the couple head/genitals and which is inscribed only Motivation to write a research, within boundaries. Her libido is cosmic, just as her unconscious is worldwide.

She goes on immediately, in Research in homework, terms close to Irigaray's, to link women's diffuse sexuality to women's language-written language, in this case: Her writing can only driscoll masters, keep going, without ever inscribing or discerning contours. She lets the other language speak-the language of 1,000 tongues which knows neither enclosure nor death. Her language does not contain, it carries; it does not hold back, it makes possible. The passage ends with her invocation of in homework other bodily drives (pulsions in essay contest, the French) in a continuum with women's self-expression. Oral drive, anal drive, vocal drive-all these drives are our strengths, and among them is the gestation drive-just like the Research in homework, desire to driscoll masters thesis write: a desire to Research live self from within, a desire for the swollen belly, for language, for blood. 15. Health Services Essay School? In her theoretical and Research in homework imaginative writing alike ( La Jeune Née , 1975, typically combines the two) Cixous insists on for international, the primacy of multiple, specifically female libidinal impulses in Research, women's unconscious and in the writing of the liberatory female discourses of the Financial assignment help, future.

What Kristeva, Irigaray, and Cixous do in common, then, is to oppose women's bodily experience (or, in Kristeva's case, women's bodily effect as mothers) to the phallic-symbolic patterns embedded in Western thought. Although Kristeva does not privilege women as the only possessors of prephallocentric discourse, Irigaray and Cixous go further: if women are to Research in homework discover and express who they are, to bring to the surface what masculine history has repressed in them, they must begin with their sexuality. And their sexuality begins with their bodies, with their genital and Health services management essay libidinal difference from men. Research In Homework? For various reasons, this is a powerful argument. We have seen versions of it in the radical feminism of the United States, too. Financial Help? In the in homework, French context, it offers an island of hope in the void left by the deconstruction of humanism, which has been revealed as an ideologically suspect invention by men. Personal Essay Contest? If men are responsible for the reigning binary system of meaning-identity/other, man/nature, reason/chaos, man/woman-women, relegated to the negative and passive pole of this hierarchy, are not implicated in Research, the creation of its myths. (Certainly, they are no longer impressed by them!) And the immediacy with which the body, the id, jouissance , are supposedly experienced promises a clarity of Research paper statement perception and Research in homework a vitality that can bring down mountains of phallocentric delusion.

Finally, to the extent that the female body is seen as a direct source of female writing, a powerful alternative discourse seems possible: to Personal essay contest write from the body is to re-create the world. But feminité and écriture féminine are problematic as well as powerful concepts. They have been criticized as idealist and essentialist, bound up in the very system they claim to undermine; they have been attacked as theoretically fuzzy and Research in homework as fatal to management assignment for international constructive political action. 16 I think all these objections are worth making. What's more, they must be made if American women are to sift out and use the positive elements in French thinking about féminité . Research? First off, the basic theoretical question: Can the body be a source of self-knowledge? Does female sexuality exist prior to or in spite of social experience? Do women in fact experience their bodies purely or essentially, outside the damaging acculturation so sharply analyzed by women in research, France and elsewhere? The answer is no, even in in homework, terms of the psychoanalytic theory on which many elements in the concept of féminité depend. Feminists rereading Freud and Jaques Lacan and feminists doing new research on assignment help for international, the construction of sexuality all agree that sexuality is not an innate quality in women or in men; it is developed through the individual's encounters with the nuclear family and Research in homework with the symbolic systems set into motion by Health the mother-father pair as the parents themselves carry out socially imposed roles toward the child. Freud, Juliet Mitchell has shown, describes the process through which girls in our society shift their first love for their mothers to a compensatory love for their fathers and develop a sense of their own anatomy as less valued socially than that of Research in homework boys. 17 Nancy Chodorow has documented and theorized the difficulty of this shift and used it to Health management essay account for the complex affective needs of girls and in homework women.

18 To the Mark driscoll masters thesis, analysis of the process through which sexual identity is formed Lacan adds the Research in homework, role of the father as bearer of language and culture; he identifies the symbolic value attributed to the phallus as the as the basis for contrasts and contrasting values that the Research writing, child incorporates as she attempts to make sense of it and fit herself into the phallocentric world. So if early gender identity comes into being in response to patriarchal structures-as, for example, Chodorow, Lacan, and in homework Dorothy Dinnerstein argue 19 -and if even the unconscious is sexed in Student, accordance with the nuclear family, then there seems to be no essential stratum of sexuality unsaturated with social arrangements and symbolic systems. New readings of Freud and of object-relations theory both confirm that sexuality is not a natural given, but rather is the in homework, consequence of social interactions, among people and among signs. Writing Thesis Statement? Theoretical work and practical evidence strongly suggest that sexual identity (I am a woman, I experience my body as sexual in Research, this way) never takes shape in isolation or in a simply physical context. The child becomes male or female in Financial management assignment help for international, response to the females and males she encounters in her family and to the male and female images she constructs according to her experience especially her loss of direct access to either parent.

20 The desires of the child and of the adult who grows out of the child finally result not from the isolated erotic sensitivities of the child's body; these sensitivities are interpreted through the meanings the Research in homework, child attaches to essay thesis her body through early experience in a sexed world. To take from psychoanalysis the Research in homework, concepts of drive and libido without talking about what happens later to the child's systems of self-perception is to Health management school drop out the deepest level at which phallocentric society asserts its power: the sexed family as it imprints itself on the child's sense of herself as a sexed being. Psychoanalytic theory is in homework, not feminist dogma, and feminists have also analyzed the sexist ideologies that confront women past the Research paper writing thesis, age of childhood in the family. Not surprisingly, these ideologies make their way into many women's day-to-day experience of their bodies, even in situations that we have designed to be free of Research in homework male domination. For instance, liberatory practices such as masturbation, lesbianism, and woman-centered medicine coexist with thoroughly phallocentric habits of thought and feeling; they are not liberatory simply because they aspire to be.

Some women discover, for example, that their masturbation is accompanied by puzzlingly unenlightened fantasies; contrary to the claims of féminité , women's autoeroticism, at essay contest, least in these decades, is shot through with images from in homework, a phallicly dominated world. Similarly, many lesbians recognize their need to paper thesis statement resist roles of domination and submission that bear a grim, even parodic resemblance to heterosexual relationships. Women giving birth may wonder whether the optimistic, even heroic terminology of natural childbirth is not related to the suspect ideal of taking it like a man. Even in the self-help clinics set up to spare women the sexist bias of the male gynecological establishment, a phallocentric magasin des images may prevail. Research? A counselor at such clinic, showing a friend of mine her cervix for the first time in a mirror, made a remark (unintentionally, that's the point) that struck us both as far less liberating than it was intended to be: Big, isn't it? Doesn't it look powerful? As good as a penis any day. Financial Management For International? All in all, at this point in history, most of us perceive our bodies through a jumpy, contradictory mesh of hoary sexual symbolization and political conterresponse. It is possible to argue that the French feminists make of the female body too unproblematically pleasurable and totalized an entity. Certainly, women's physiology has important meanings for women in various cultures, and it is essential for us to Research express those meanings rather than to submit to male definitions-that is, appropriations-of our sexuality. Assignment Help? But the female body hardly seems the best site to launch an attack on the forces that have alienated us from in homework, what our sexuality might become.

For if we argue for an innate, precultural femininity, where does that position (though in content it obviously diverges from masculinist dogma) leave us in Mark driscoll thesis, relation to earlier theories about women's nature? I myself feel highly flattered by Cixous's praise for the nurturant perceptions of women, but when she speaks of a drive toward gestation, I begin to Research hear echoes of the coercive glorification of motherhood that has plagued women for centuries. If we define female subjectivity through universal biological/libidinal givens, what happens to Motivation a research the project of Research in homework changing the world in Mark, feminist directions? Further, is women's sexuality so monolithic that a notion of a shared, typical femininity does justice to it? What about variations in Research in homework, class , in race, and in culture among women? What about changes over time in one woman's sexuality (with men, with women, by herself)? How can one libidinal voice--or the two vulval lips so startlingly presented by Irigaray--speak for all women? The psychoanalytic critique of féminité as a concept that overlooks important psychosocial realities is not the only critique that can be brought against positions like Irigaray's and Cixous's. Other French women have made a strong, materialist attack on what they call néo-féminité , objecting to it as an ideal bound up through symmetrical opposition in the very ideological system feminists want to destroy. ( Questions féministes , the services essay school, journal founded in in homework, 1977 with Simone de Beauvoir as titular editor, is a central source for this kind of Personal essay contest thinking in France.) Materialist feminists such as Christine Delphy and Colette Guillaurnin are suspicious of the logic through which féminité defines men as phallic-solipsistic, aggressive, excessively rational-and then praises women, who, by nature of their contrasting sexuality, are other-oriented, empathetic, multi-imaginative. Rather than questioning the terms of such a definition (woman is man's opposite), féminité as a celebration of women's difference from men maintains them.

It reverses the values assigned to each side of the polarity, but it still leaves man as the determining referent, not departing from the male-female opposition, but participating in Research in homework, it. This is, I think, a convincing position, on both philosophical and pragmatic levels. Paper Writing For You? What we need to Research do is to move outside that male-centered, binary logic altogether. We need to paper writing for you statement ask not how Woman is different from Man (though the question of how women differ from what men think they are is important). We need to know how women have come to be who they are through history, which is the history of Research in homework their oppression by men and male-designed institutions. Only through an analysis of the power relationships between men and women, and practices based on that analysis, will we put an end to our oppression-and only then will we discover what women are or can be. More strategically, we need to Mark masters know whether the assertion of a shared female nature made by in homework féminité can help us in feminist action toward a variety of goals: the management essay, possibility of working, or working in in homework, marginal or newly defined ways, or of Health management essay not working in the public world at all; the freedom for a diversity of sexual practices; the right to motherhood, childlessness, or some as yet untheorized participation in reproduction; the affirmation of historically conditioned female values (nurturance, communal rather than individualistic ambitions, insistence on improving the quality of private life), and the exploration of new ones. If we concentrate our energies on opposing a counterview of Woman to the view held by men in Research, the past and the present, what happens to our ability to support the multiplicity of women and Personal essay contest the various life possibilities they are fighting for in the future? In a critique of Research in homework féminité as praise of women's difference from men, the name of Monique Wittig must be mentioned. Active in the early seventies in the Féministés révolutionnaires and Motivation paper employee a contributor from the Research in homework, beginning to Questions féministés , Wittig has written four quite different books, which are nonetheless related through her focus on women among themselves: the schoolgirls of L'Opoponax , the tribal sisterhood of Les Guérillères , the Mark masters thesis, passionate couple of Le Corps lesbien , the users of the Research, postphallocentric vocabulary laid out in Brouillon pour un dictionnaire des amantes . Wittig writes her novels, her monologues, and her histories to explore what social relationships among women-identified women are or might be.

21 She rewrites traditional culture in Financial for international, mocking takeovers: one entry in Brouillon pour un dictionnaire is Ainsi parlait Frederika, conte pour enfants (Thus Spake Frederika, children's story), surely one of the least reverent allusions to Research Friedrich Nietzsche to come out of French critiques of culture. She also invents new settings, such as the ceremonies and festivals of Les Guérillères and driscoll masters thesis Le Corps lesbien , and new modes, such as the feminized epic of in homework Les Guérillères and the lyric dialogue of Le Corps lesbien , to represent what a female/female life--separatist but not isolationist--might be. As Wittig's talks at recent conferences in the United States show, she is suspicious both of the oppositional thinking that defines woman in terms of Health services essay school man and of the mythical-idealist strain in Research, certain formulations of féminité . 22 In her argument for a more politically centered understanding of women at the Second Sex Conference in Motivation a research paper, New York (September 1979), she used a Marxist vocabulary which may be more familiar to U.S. feminists than the philosophical and psychoanalytic frameworks in which Irigaray and Cixous work: It remains . for us to define our oppression in materialist terms, to say that women are a class, which is to say that the category woman, as well as man, is Research, a political and economic category, not an eternal one. Financial Management Assignment For International? . . Research In Homework? . Our first task . Student Research? . Research? . is thoroughly to management for international dissociate women (the class within which we fight) and woman, the myth. For woman does not exist for Research in homework us; it is only an imaginary formation, while women is the product of a social relationship. 21. Colette Guillaumin, arguing along similar lines in Questions féministés , points out that the Motivation to write employee, psychic characteristics praised by Research advocates of féminité have in fact been determined by the familial and economic roles imposed on research thesis, women by in homework men.

There is nothing liberatory, she insists, in services, women's claiming as virtues qualities that men have always found convenient. How does maternal tenderness or undemanding empathy threaten a Master? 24 The liberating stance is, rather, the determination to Research in homework analyze and put an end to the patriarchal structures that have produced those qualities without reference to the needs of contest women. Research In Homework? I have another political objection to the concept of féminité as a bundle of Everywoman's psychosexual characteristics: it flattens out the lived differences among women. To the Financial management assignment, extent that each of us responds to a particular tribal, national, racial, or class situation vis-à-vis men, we are in fact separated from one another. As the painful and counterproductive splits along class and racial lines in the American women's movement have shown, we need to understand and respect the diversity in our concrete social situations. Research In Homework? A monolithic vision of shared female sexuality, rather than defeating phallocentrism as doctrine and practice, is more likely to blind us to our varied and immediate needs and to the specific struggles we must coordinate in order to meet them. Paper For You? What is the meaning of two lips to heterosexual women who want men to recognize their clitoral pleasure--or to African or Middle Eastern women who, as a result of pharaonic clitoridectomies, have neither lips nor clitoris through which to Research jouir ? Does a celebration of the Maternal versus the Patriarchal make the same kind of sense, or any sense, to white, middle-class women who are fighting to maintain the right to abortion, to black and Third World women resisting enforced sterilization, to women in subsistence-farming economies where the Research writing for you, livelihood of the family depends on the work of every child who is born and survives?

And surely any one woman gives different meanings to her sexuality throughout her individual history. Freedom from sexual expectations and activity may well be what girls in the Western world most need because they are typically sexualized all to soon by media, advertising, peer pressures, and child pornography; women of various ages undergo radical changes in sexual identity and response as they enter relationships with men, with women, or choose celibacy and friendship as alternatives. And it is Research, hard to see how the situations of Health services management school old women, consigned to sexual inactivity because of their age or, if they are widowed, to Research in homework unpaid work in Research for you thesis, others' families or to isolated poverty, can be understood or changed through a concept of jouissance . I wonder again whether one libidinal voice, however nonphallocentrically defined, can speak to in homework the economic and cultural problems of all women. Hence, I would argue that we need the theoretical depth and polemical energy of féminité as an alternative idea. But a historically responsive and powerful unity among women will come from our ongoing, shared practice, our experience in and against the material world. As a lens and Financial management a partial strategy, féminité and l'écriture féminine are vital. Certainly, women need to shake off the Research, mistaken and contemptuous attitudes toward their sexuality that permeate Western (and other) cultures and languages at their deepest levels, and essay contest working out in homework, self-representations that challenge phallocentric discourses is an important part of that ideological struggle. Women have already begun to essay transform not only the subject matter but also the ways of producing meaning in in homework, poetry, fiction, film, and the visual arts. (Indeed, feminist research suggests that the French may have been too hasty in their claim that women are only now beginning to challenge the symbolic order.) But even if we take l'écriture féminine as a utopian ideal, an energizing myth rather than a model for how all women write or should write, theoretical and practical problems arise (again!) from an ideal defined in this way. Financial Assignment For International? Can the body be the source of a new discourse? Is it possible, assuming an unmediated and jouissant (or, more likely, a positively reconstructed) sense of one's body, to move from that state of unconscious excitation directly to a written female text? Madeleine Cagnon says yes, in La Venue à1'écriture , written with Cixous in 1977.

Her view is that women, free from the self-limiting economy of male libido (I will come once and once only, through one organ alone; once it's up and over, that's it, so I must beware, save up, avoid premature overflow), have a greater spontaneity and abundance in body and language both: We have never been the Research in homework, masters of others or of ourselves. We don't have to confront ourselves in order to free ourselves. We don't have to keep watch on ourselves, or to set up some other erected self in order to understand ourselves. All we have to management help do is let the Research in homework, body flow, from the inside; all we have to do is Health services, erase . whatever may hinder or harm the new forms of writing; we retain whatever fits, whatever suits us. Whereas man confronts himself constantly. He pits himself against in homework, and stumbles over his erected self. Driscoll Masters Thesis? 21. In Homework? But psychoanalytic theory and Student research thesis social experience both suggest that the leap from in homework, body to language is especially difficult for women. Services Management Essay? 26 Lacanian theory holds that a girl's introduction into language (the symbolic order represented by Research the father and built on phallic/nonphallic oppositions) is complex, because she cannot identify directly with the positive poles of that order. And in many preliterate and postliterate cultures, taboos against female speech are enforced: injunctions to silence, mockery of women's chatter or women's books abound. The turn-taking in early consciousness-raising groups in the United States was meant precisely to Motivation a research paper overcome the verbal hesitancy induced in women by a society in Research, which men have had the first and the last word.

Moreover, for women with jobs, husbands or lovers, children, activist political commitments, finding the masters thesis, time and justification to write at Research, all presents an enormous practical and ideological problem. 27 We are more likely to write, and to read each other's writing, if we begin by working against Motivation, the concrete difficulties and the prejudices surrounding women's writing than if we simplify and idealize the process by locating writing as a spontaneous outpouring from the body. Calls for a verbal return to nature seem especially surprising coming from women who are otherwise (and rightly!) suspicious of language as penetrated by phallocentric dogma. True, conventional narrative techniques, as well as grammar and syntax, imply the unified viewpoint and mastery of outer reality that men have claimed for themselves. But literary modes and language itself cannot be the only targets for transformation; the context for Research women's discourses needs to help for international be thought through and broadened out. A woman may experience jouissance in a private relationship to her own body, but she writes for others. Who writes? Who reads? Who makes women's texts available to women? What do women want to read about other women's experience?

To take a stance as a woman poet or novelist is to enter into a role crisscrossed with questions of authority, of audience, of the modes of publication and distribution. I believe that we are more indebted to the body of earlier women writers and to feminist publishers and booksellers than to any woman writer's libidinal body flow. The novelist Christiane Rochefort sums up with amusing directness the conflicting public forces and voices that create the in homework, dilemma of the French woman who wants to write: Well. So here you are now, sitting at your writing table, alone, not allowing anybody anymore to interfere. Are you free? First, after this long quest, you are swimming in a terrible soup of assignment values-for, to be safe, you had to refuse the so-called female values, which are not female but a social scheme, and to Research identify with male values, which are not male but an appropriation by men-or an attribution to men-of all human values, mixed up with the anti-values of domination-violence-oppression and the like.

In this mixture, where is your real identity? Second, you are supposed to driscoll thesis write in certain forms, preferably: I mean you feel that in certain forms you are not too much seen as a usurper. Novels. Research In Homework? Minor poetry, in which case you will be stigmatized in French by the name of Health management essay poetesse: not everybody can afford it. You are supposed, too, to write about certain things: house, children, love. Until recently there was in France a so-called littérature féminine . Research? Maybe you don't want to write about , but to write, period. And of course, you don't want to obey this social order .So, you tend to react against it. It is not easy to be genuine. Driscoll Masters Thesis? 28.

Whatever the difficulties, women are inventing new kinds of writing. But as Irigaray's erudition and plays with the in homework, speaking voice show (as do Cixous's mischievous puns and citations of languages from Greek through German to Portuguese, and Wittig's fantastic neologisms and revision of conventional genres), they are doing so deliberately, on management for international, a level of Research in homework feminist theory and literary self-consciousness that goes far beyond the body and the unconscious. That is also how they need to be read. It takes a thoroughgoing familiarity with male figureheads of Western culture to services management essay recognize the intertextual games played by all these writers; their work shows that a resistance to culture is always built, at first, of bits and Research pieces of that culture, however they are disassembled, criticized, and transcended. Responding to l'écriture féminine is no more instinctive than producing it. Women's writing will be more accessible to writers and readers alike if we recognize it as a conscious response to socioliterary realities, rather than accept it as an overflow of one woman's unmediated communication with her body. Eventually, certainly, the Student, practice of women writers will transform what we can see and understand in a literary text; but even a woman setting out to write about her body will do so against and through her socioliterary mothers, midwives, and sisters. We need to recognize, too, that there is Research, nothing universal about French version of services management essay écriture féminine . The speaking, singing, story-telling, and writing of women in cultures besides that of the Ile de France need to be looked at and understood in their social context if we are to fill in an adequate and genuinely empowering picture of Research in homework women's creativity. But I risk, after all this, overstating the Mark masters, case against féminité and l'écriture féminine , and that would mean a real loss. American feminists can appropriate two important elements, at least, from the Research in homework, French position: the critique of phallocentrism in Personal contest, all the material and ideological forms it has taken, and Research in homework the call for new representations of women's consciousness.

It is not enough to uncover old heroines or to essay thesis imagine new ones. Like the French, we need to examine the in homework, words, the syntax, the genres, the archaic and elitist attitudes toward language and representation that have limited women's self-knowledge and expression during the long centuries of patriarchy. We need not, however, replace phallocentrism with a shakily theorized concentrism that denies women their historical specificities to recognize how deep a refusal of masculinist values must go. Motivation A Research? 29 If we remember that what women really share is an oppression on all levels, although it affects us each in different ways-if we can translate féminité into a concerted attack not only on language, but also directly upon the sociosexual arrangements that keep us from our own potentials and from each other-then we are on our way to becoming les jeunes nées envisioned by French feminisms at their best. Research? 1For a summary of the intellectual background of French feminism, see Elaine Marks, Women and essay thesis Literature in France, Signs 3 (Summer 1978): 832-42. Research? Phallogocentrism at work is powerfully analyzed by Shoshana Felman in her study of the characters and critics of a short story by Balzac, Women and Madness: The Critical Phallacy, Diacritics 5 (Winter 1975): 2-10. 2 Jouissance is a word rich in paper writing, connotations. Pleasure is the simplest translation. The noun comes from the verb jouir, meaning to enjoy, to in homework revel in without fear of the cost; also, to have an Research paper writing for you thesis, orgasm.

See Stephen Heath's Translator's Note in Roland Barthes's Image-Music-Text (New York: Hill Wang, 1978), p. 9. A note to Introduction 3 in New French Feminisms: An Anthology, ed. Elaine Marks and Isabelle de Courtivron (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), explains feminist connotations of jouissance as follows: This pleasure, when attributed to a woman, is considered to in homework be of a different order from the pleasure that is represented within the driscoll, male libidinal economy often described in terms of the capitalist gain and profit motive. Women's jouissance carries with it the Research in homework, notion of fluidity, diffusion, duration. It is a kind of potlatch in the world of orgasms, a giving, expending, dispensing of Mark pleasure without concern about ends or closure. (P. 36, The Law of the Father is Lacan's formulation for language as the medium through which human beings are placed in culture, a medium represented and enforced by in homework the figure of the father in the family. See Anika Lemaire, lacques Lacan, trans. David Macey (London: Routledge Kegan Paul, 1977), esp. pt.

7, lain The Role of the Oedipus in Accession to the Symbolic. Personal Essay Contest? 'Julia Kristeva's books include Semiotike: Recherches pour une semanalyse (Paris: Tel Quel, 1969); Le Texte du roman g1033 (The Hague: Mouton, 1970)? Des Chinoises (Paris: Des Fernmes, 1974); La Rolution du langage poique (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1974);Polylogue (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 197% and Pouvoirs de Aorreur.? essai sur I'ahiection (Paris: Editions du Seuil,1980). She also contributes frequently to the journal Tel Quel, including the Fall 1977 issue (no. 74) on women and in homework women's writing. For her criticism of certain notions of féminité , see her interview with Frangoise van Rossum?Guyon, '76minit6 et 6criture:en r6ponse A deux questions sur Polylogue, Revue des sciences humaines 168 4Kristeva, Le Sulet en procs, in Polylogue, p. 77. See, in the same volume, her discussion of maternity as an experiencethat breaks down the categories of driscoll masters masculinist thought, in in homework, Maternit6 selon Giovanni Bellini, pp. 409?38. She expands her argument about the meanings of to write a research paper maternity for women's creativity in Un Nouveau Type d'intellectuel: le dissident and H6thique de I'amour, Tel Quel, no. 74 (Fall 1977), pp. 3?8, 30?49.

For an explanation of her theory of the semiotic and of Irigaray's concepts of in homework 1'ecriture f. minine, see Josette F6ral, Antigone, or the driscoll masters, Irony of the Tribe, Diacritics 8 (Fall 1978): 2?14. 5110SCillation du 'pouvoir'au 'refus,' interview by Xavi6re Gauthier in Tel Quel, no. 58 (Summer 1974), trans. in Marks and Courtivron, New French Feminisms, pp. 166?67. This collection of translated excerpts from French feminist writers is Research, likely to be very useful to English?language readers.

6Kristeva, La Femme, ce n'est jamais ga, interview in Tel Quel, no. Financial Help? 59 (Fall 1974), trans. in New French Feminisms, pp. 33 134?38. In Homework? Kristeva has written mainly about male writers, but see her comments on some typically feminine themes in assignment help for international, a dozen recent French women writers in Oscillation, Tel Quel, no. 58 (Summer 1974), pp. 100?2.

She comments on certain elements of women's style in her interview with van Rossum?Cuyon (see note 3 above), although she derives them from social rather than libidinal sources. 7Luce frigaray, an Research, interview, Women's Exile, in Ideology and Consciousness, no. 1 (1977), pp. 62?67, trans. and intro. Diana Adlam and Couze Venn. 81rigaray, Ce Sexe qui n'en est pas un, Ce Sexe qui n`en est pas un (Paris: Editions de Minuit, 1977), trans. in New French Feminisms, p. lain 103. Irigaray's books since Ce Sexe are Et l'une ne houge sans Pautre (Paris: Editions de Minuit, 1979) and Amante marine. f0 (Paris: Editions de Minuit, 1980). Her first book was a clinical study, Le Langage des d. ments (The Hague: Mouton, 1973). 9New French Feminisms, p. 105. 101rigaray discusses the historical position of women in Marxist terms in Me March6 aux fernmes, in Ce Sexe.

Her responses to Nietzsche are in Amante marine. Health Essay School? 11H616ne Cixous's studies of male writers include her doctoral thesis, LExil de Joyce ou Part du remplacement (Paris: Crasset, 1968); Pr6noms de personne (sur Hoffman, Kleist, Poe, Joyce) (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1974)? and introductions to Research in homework James Joyce and Lewis Carroll for masters Aubler. Since 1975, all her books have been published by Research in homework Des Fernmes. 12CiXoUS, Entretien avec Franqoise van Rossum?Guyon, Revue des sciences humaines 168 (December 1977): 488. Student Research Thesis? Qa parle is a Lacanian formula, but elsewhere (in her fiction/essay Partie [Paris: Des Femmes, 1976], for example) she mocks what she sees as the Father/phallus obsession of recent psychoanalysis. 13CiXoUS, Entretien, p. 487? and Vivre l'orange [includes an English version by in homework 2. Research Paper Writing Statement? Cixous with Ann Liddle and Research Sarah Cornell] (Paris: Des Femmes, 1980), pp. Mark? 9, 105?7. 14CiXoUS, Sorties, La Jeune N6e (Paris: Union G6n6raled'Editions, 1975), trans. in New French Feminisms, p. In Homework? 98. Financial Management Assignment For International? 15New French Feminisms, pp. 259?60.

16The opening manifesto of Research Questions f. To Write? ministes is a long and persuasive critique of njo?fjminit. , translated in New French Feminisms as Variations on Common Themes, pp. 212?30. See also the appraisal by Research Beverly Brown and Parveen Adama, The Feminine Body and Feminist Politics, m1f g1033 3 (1979): 33?37. 17JUliet Mitchell, Psychoanalysis and for you Feminism: Freud, Laing, Reich and Women (New York: Vintage Books, 1975). See especially The Holy Family, 4: The Different Self, the Phallus and the Father, pp.

382?98. 18Nancy Chodorow, The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender (Berkeley: University of in homework California Press, 1978). 19Dorothy Dinnerstein, ne Mermaid and the Minotaur: Sexual Arrangements and Human Malaise (New York: Harper Row, 1977). 20jacqueline Rose, in an article on Freud's analysis of the hysteric Dora, emphasizes that the male/female roles internalized by the child enter the unconscious at such a deep level that they govern the production of dreams. Dora, who desires a woman, represents herself as a man?a striking example of the socialized image of essay contest desire. 'Dora'?Fragment of an Analysis, m/f (1979): 5?21.

21Wittig's books have all been translated into English: L'Opoponax by Helen Weaver (Plainfield, Vt.: Daughter's Press Reprint, 1976); Les Gu(irill. fs23 by David Le Vay (New York: Avon Books, 1973)? The Lesbian Body by David Le Vay (New York:P Avon Books, 1976); Lesbian Peoples: Material for a Dictionary (with substantial revisions) by Wittig and Sande Zeig (New York: Avon Books, 1979). 22Monique Wittig, The Straight Mind, speech given at the Feminist as Scholar Conference in in homework, May 1979 at Barnard College, New York. 23Monique Wittig, One Is Not Born a Woman, text of the essay, speech given at in homework, the City University of New York Graduate Center, September 1979. 24Colette Cuillaumin, Question de diff 6rence, Questions f6ministes 6 (September 1979): 3?21. Cuillaumin points out that the claim to difference comes from other oppressed groups as well (Third World and U.S. blacks, for example) who have not yet succeeded in putting their desire for political self?determination into effect. To assert their difference against Research paper, the ruling class strengthens their group solidarity, but at the expense of an analysis of the political sources of that difference.

25Madeleine Gagnon, Corps I, New French Feminisms, p. 180. See Chantal Cbawaf for a similar statement, in La Chair linguistique, New French Feminisms, pp. 177?78. 26Cora Kaplan combines psychoanalytic and anthropological accounts of women's hesitations to speak, in Language and Gender, Papers on Patriarchy (Brighton, England: Women's Publishing Collective, 1976). Similarly, Sandra M. Research In Homework? Gilbert and Susan Cubar demonstrate bow socially derived ambivalence toward the paper for you thesis, role of writer has acted upon women's writing in English, in The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth? Century Literary Imagination (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1979). 27See Tillie Olsen's Silences (New York: Delacorte Press, 1979) for Research in homework a discussion of the practical demands and self?doubts that have hindered women's writing, esp.

The Writer?Woman: One out of Twelve, pp. 177?258. 2Christiane Rochefort, Are Women Writers Still Monsters? a speech given at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, February 1975; translated in New French Feminisms, pp. g1033 185?86. 29Concentrism is Elaine Showalter's term, used in a speech, Feminist Literary Theory and Other Impossibilities, given at the Smith College Conference on Feminist Literary Criticism, Northampton, Mass., October 25, 1980.

Literacy Narrative Essays and Research Papers. Bryant Bourgeois Professor My Nguyen English 124 12 September 2012 Literacy Narrative Can you remember what your teacher . taught you back in kindergarten? Chances are she was introducing you to the basics of reading and writing. Literacy is the ability to read and write, and because I did not think I was very good at either of the two, it had never been my favorite thing to do. It wasn’t until my senior year of high school that I had an English class that I actually enjoyed. My teacher was. Emotion , Essay , Essays 1279 Words | 3 Pages. stages of Literacy Development Learning to read and write as a child is an experience that all can relate to. The average child learns to . read and write at Research in homework, the early ages of three and four. Developing literacy at an early age is crucial to academic development as well as to performance in life.

Early development can be just what a child needs to Health stimulate their minds, which in turn is in homework, assisting in the evolution of Motivation to write employee their future. Research! The early and latter stages of development in a child’s literacy journey. Education , High school , Learning 932 Words | 3 Pages. ?Liza Silva Professor Pietruska ENL 102-47 February 10th 2014 Audience: Professor and fellow students of the management help for international, English 102 course Purpose: To explain how . I became literate in my lifetime and what contributed to my literacy level today 1,357 Words Benefits of Research in homework Being a Bookworm Have you ever been asked, “What is to write paper, your first language?” Living in such a melting pot of a country, the United States, minorities often get asked this question. Usually when people ask others this question, it is not because. Applied linguistics , Education , English language 1415 Words | 4 Pages. background and in homework, each has the right to be literate in the way that they desire. They were given the right to Student research thesis freedom of in homework speech through the First Amendment of . the Bill of Rights and therefore, have the research thesis, right to speak in their own native language. Literacy plays a major role in the lives of humans today. It gives us the in homework, power to read, speak and write and Student research, is therefore a valuable asset to society and the development of its economy. Communication , Dyslexia , English language 1407 Words | 4 Pages.

Current Location 1. SPR12 ENG1113 34 ENGLISH COMP I (MSVCC) 213.20123.0005434 2. Learning Units 3. In Homework! WEEK 3 4. The Writing Process and Financial management for international, The . Literacy Narrative Menu Management Options * * * * * Expand All * Collapse All * Course Menu: SPR12 ENG1113 34 ENGLISH COMP I (MSVCC) (213.20123.0005434) * Announcements * Course Information * Staff Information * Learning Units * Due Dates * Test Center * Discussion Board . Essay , First-person narrative , Five paragraph essay 1603 Words | 7 Pages. Literacy Narrative : Who Are You As a Writer? Length: 3-5 pages + works cited page Style: Open Form First Draft due: Aug. . 31 Final Draft due: Sept. 14 Format: MLA style as dictated by Style Manual [33b] For this assignment, write an essay exploring the Research in homework, question of how you see yourself as a writer, what motivates you to write, what processes you use, etc. As an Student research essay thesis exploratory essay, the form will be rather “open” rather than “closed.” So rather than trying to structure the essay around a. Creative writing , Essay , Literacy 1005 Words | 3 Pages. Literacy is the ability to read and write[1]. The inability to Research do so is called illiteracy or analphabetism. Driscoll! Visual literacy . includes in addition the ability to understand visual forms of communication such as body language,[2] pictures, maps, and video.

Evolving definitions of literacy often include all the Research, symbol systems relevant to a particular community. Literacy encompasses a complex set of abilities to understand and use the dominant symbol systems of a culture for personal and community development. Language , Linguistics , Literacy 1288 Words | 4 Pages. Literacy Narrative Essay Mrs. Spencer - English 101 Spring 2013 Purpose: This assignment is designed to . encourage a personal reflection on your literacy history to help you gain insight into your own formation as a literate individual—in other words, your development as a reader, writer, thinker, and masters, member of discourse communities. As you delve into Research your own background, you should critically examine successes and failures, intellectual growth or lack thereof, and try to understand. English-language films , Event planning , Literacy 470 Words | 2 Pages. English 1302 6 Feb 2013 My Definition of Literacy Literacy is a term that can be defined indefinitely by a number of people, . depending on their circumstances and situations, but to help for international me it deals with an individual’s ability to read and write, communication, and one’s ability to convey meaning to others.

Some words have multiple meanings and what it means to one individual, may not be the case for Research in homework, another person. We define words based on our life experiences and writing for you thesis, the certain situations that we have. Communication , Essay , Linguistics 1394 Words | 4 Pages. 01/23/14 The importance of literacy . Research In Homework! Literacy is known as the ability to read and write. It is the ability to Mark driscoll thesis communicate with . each other, and to understand the concepts of everything. It does not mean that you will find literacy in Research a book because it can be found at Personal, any place on a daily basis. Research In Homework! For example, while watching television, reading a magazine, when communicating with people in Research paper for you social networks, and especially in school.

All of that has something related to literacy because there are words and. Education , Knowledge , Learning 1325 Words | 3 Pages. Literacy Narrative About My Habits Why I do the things I do when reading and thinking. In my literacy . narrative I will be explaining my influences on reading and writing. I will be talking about the in homework, two books that influenced me to read; “spirit bear”, and a research paper employee, “to kill a mockingbird”. I really don’t like to write because I’m not very good at it. But when it’s time for in homework, me to write like for class or as an research essay thesis assignment I will do it, I just get scared about the criticism I will get back about. Boredom , Composition studies , Dyslexia 782 Words | 2 Pages. English 1302 01W, WA-1 Literacy Not many people know the difficulties illiteracy brings to everyday life.

Imagine not being able to read a . restaurant menu, understand your bank statement, or read hazard signs along the road. Even rudimentary literacy skills enable us to be self-sufficient, interact better with others, and contribute more to society. “The capacity to read and in homework, write is casually associated with earning a living, achieving expanded horizons of personal enlightenment, maintaining a. Applied linguistics , Functional illiteracy , Information literacy 968 Words | 3 Pages. Assignment TDA 3.11 Supporting Literacy Development Assessor: Samantha Pearson Qualified – CACHE Level Three Supporting Teaching and Learning . in Schools The opportunity to apply for a specialist responsibility in management supporting literacy development has arisen in your educational environment. For your interview you have been asked to prepare information to show that you can: Literacy means the in homework, ability to essay contest read and write. Only recently has the word ‘ literacy ’ been applied as the in homework, definitive. Key Stage , Key Stage 1 , Key Stage 2 1795 Words | 6 Pages. 2013 Name: Shaquille bell Homeroom: 4 Information technology (b) Teacher: Ms Todman 1/9/2013 Narrative project Terms in . narrative writing Point of view: the perspective of the narrative voice; the Mark driscoll masters, pronoun used in narration Theme: the unifying subject or idea of a story Setting: , the Research, place and time in a work of narrative Character: a person or animal in a narrative work of art (such as a novel , play , or film) Conflict: the opposition of persons or forces that gives rise. Doctor Who , Family , Fiction 1153 Words | 3 Pages. The International Literacy Day (ILD) Theme: Literacy and Peace: The Role of Literary Societies and Academics Date: . Thursday, September 8, 2011 Venue: PAS, 2 Broad Street, Lagos Time: 10:00 am Literacy and Peace: A Reflection by Remi Raji In order to address the Personal essay, predictable union between literacy and peace, it is to Plato that I turn. In one of his books, the classical theoretician of ethics and morality in nation-building suggested that the Research, transformation and advancement of the.

Literacy , Nigeria , Reading 826 Words | 4 Pages. New book explores literacy , reading among boys Generations of schoolboys who squirmed through lectures on symbolism in Lord of the Flies . may want to thank Michael W. Personal Contest! Smith for finally understanding their pain. In a new book, the associate professor of literacy education at the Graduate School of Education, and Research, his University of Maine colleague, Jeff Wilhelm, document their research exploring why boys' literacy test scores are consistently lower than girls'. The book, Reading Don't Fix No. College , Functional illiteracy , Harry Potter 1306 Words | 5 Pages. What is Cultural Literacy Can it Truly Exist ? Cultural Literacy . Driscoll Thesis! What is it?

How can one define it? Is it knowing the answers . to Research in homework questions such as: who are Joseph Stalin and Frederick Douglass? Who fought in WWI? What was the Mark driscoll, Louisiana purchase? What is the second commandment? Name an amendment to the constitution?

Try this on for size, who is the in homework, host of Total Request Live on MTV? Who is J. Lo engaged to? Cultural literacy is Motivation a research, knowledge of what one should know in order to Research be a functional member. Anthropology , Culture , Knowledge 1548 Words | 4 Pages. Language and assignment help for international, Literacy what are they? How do they relate? How do we learn them? These are just a few questions one might ask them self when . they contemplate the in homework, effect language and literacy have on learning. “Forms of language and masters thesis, literacy develop supportively and Research, interactively. Children build on oral language knowledge and practices as they learn to Motivation a research paper read and Research, write’ they develop key understandings about reading through writing, and they extend their writing range through reading” (Braunger . Difference , Dyslexia , Knowledge 772 Words | 3 Pages. ?Course: MA Primary Education Student ID : 1103059 Subject: Language and Literacy Essay title: Literacy and Numeracy are seen . as essential, cross-curricular skills.

Identify the Student research, place of literacy in the Scottish primary curriculum and in homework, then at greater length, explore how grounding in literacy skills will facilitate in Financial assignment help for international other curriculum areas in in homework delivering the contest, Curriculum for Excellence. Word Count: 1912 The curriculum for excellence is organised into eight. Education , Knowledge , Learning 2084 Words | 5 Pages. The Importance of Literacy Try and imagine our society without a common language. In Homework! This could be quite a hard idea to fathom. Allow me . to services assist you. If this hypothetical idea were in fact true, a typical conversation between two individuals would be as follows: one of the two would begin the Research in homework, conversation by Health making noises representing their language, the other person would not understand these noises and respond with unrecognizable noises to the first individual. Research! As you can well imagine. Functional illiteracy , Learning , Literacy 1007 Words | 3 Pages. and the short story by Toni Cade Bambara all help readers understand their definition of literacy . I agree with Delpit because . Motivation A Research Employee! literacy allows individuals to communicate and that allow equally. Research In Homework! So we can speak and understand each other.

If people communicate better they will read and write better, individuals will speak better which allows more opportunities in their lives. In the article “What is Literacy ” James Paul Gee advocate that young readers and writers acquire primary and Research writing for you thesis statement, secondary discourse. Discourse analysis , Education , Knowledge 1785 Words | 5 Pages. Food Literacy Many people in America often take the knowledge of health for granted. In Homework! As fast food increases, people start to help cook less and go . out to eat more, especially with busy schedules. In the American culture, portion sizes are a lot bigger, the food always tastes better, and compared to other countries, food is a lot cheaper and easier to obtain. All of these factors lead to food literacy not being strong in Research America.

Over the last 10-20 years, obesity has increased immensely and the number. Dieting , Eating , Food 1498 Words | 4 Pages. peers. Cultural Literacy by Health services essay school E.D. Hirsch’s and Literacies of Power by Donaldo Macedo’s view points in being literate are . important. The means of how to be educated differs between E.D. Hirsch, who favors Western Culture, and Donaldo Macedo, who favors the underlying causes to get the truth and nothing but the whole truth out. Donaldo Macedo explains the reason why E.D. Hirsch’s Cultural Literacy is not right for us. Hirsch’s aim is to enhance the literacy of in homework children, have mature literacy for all the.

Cultural anthropology , Culture , Education 974 Words | 3 Pages. Literacy Narrative – Fahrenheit 451 A moment when I as a writer felt an influence towards my ability to be literate was in my . tenth grade English class, reading the novel Fahrenheit 451. Student Research! Never before had I shown such appreciation and Research, willingness to assignment for international understand for a school assigned book, in truth my interest with school readings had been deteriorating due to in homework the consistency of papers and assignments.. For years any school readings were easy to understand and majority held interesting tales, yet. Dystopia , Fahrenheit 451 , Guy Montag 1077 Words | 3 Pages. Emergent literacy has to do with the driscoll thesis, reading and writing behaviours seeing in a child that develop into conventional literacy . It . is the behaviours one can see a child actually exhibit (practices which seem insignificant to adults), in the period between birth and the time when the child is able to Research in homework read and write conventionally. The term Emergent literacy acknowledges and Health services management essay, accepts the belief that, in a literate society, young children even below the Research, age of two are in the process of becoming literate.

Children's literature , Knowledge , Literacy 743 Words | 3 Pages. Head: Information Literacy Information Literacy , Data Mining, Database Selection and paper writing, VoIP . Rachel Fortier Rasmussen College Running Head: Information Literacy 2 Computer Literacy and Information Literacy Why is Research in homework, it important to understand the difference between computer literacy and information literacy ? Information literacy differs from computer literacy in that information literacy is the ability. Computer , Data mining , Data warehouse 744 Words | 3 Pages. My Literacy Philosophy As I am starting to learn the basics of how to become an effective teacher, I am learning what type of teacher I am and . what type of a research paper teacher I want to be. Growing up, aspiring to be a teacher, I never thought teachers had to learn how to do some methods I have seen. For example, teachers always knew how to in homework capture the students’ attention again after the children would get off task. I thought this skill came naturally to Mark teachers and Research, I would obtain it with time.

On my adventure. Education , Intelligence , Knowledge 1256 Words | 3 Pages. “ Literacy ” is an often discussed topic. Be able to read and write is not as simple as it looks; literacy is one of important . communication skills in today world. According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Mark masters thesis, Cultural Organization, “ Literacy ” means “ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to. Functional illiteracy , Future , Knowledge 941 Words | 3 Pages. HEALTH LITERACY : A BARRIER TO PATIENT EDUCATION Introduction to Health Literacy : A Barrier to Patient Education Kenneth . Flancia Francesca Garcia Jamiel Kedtag Karlo Valmorez Wilson Justin Teh BSN – 3B Ateneo de Davao University Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Poor health literacy is a stronger predictor of a person’s health than age, income, employment status, education level, and Research, race.

There is a high correlation between the school, ability to read and health literacy. Health , Health care , Health care provider 1172 Words | 5 Pages. Literacy is a significant component in in homework every person’s life. It is the necessary tool to grasp or retain useful knowledge. Incorporating . literacy in driscoll our life will contribute to our overall success in academics, or careers, as well as an Research understanding of Motivation to write paper employee human kind and Research, nature.

The following essay discusses the significance of literacy by Personal essay contest introducing the Research in homework, two main concepts of literacy : reading and writing. Reading is the first step and most important component in literacy . Essay Contest! If a person reads extensively. Applied linguistics , Dyslexia , Knowledge 1162 Words | 3 Pages. thought of the term literacy as being able to physically read a written piece of work. I thought the ability to read was when an individual . could actually pick up a book, magazine, or even the daily news, and have the ability to understand the collage or words on the page. Most believe that this simple understanding of what words are on the paper is all there is to Research know about reading. But what most people do not know, is that there is a much deeper meaning behind the word literacy . Along with being. Dyslexia , Educational psychology , Learning 1500 Words | 4 Pages. information and solve problems in daily life.

Life is a continuous information interchange and technological progress helps accelerate this exchange. Mark Thesis! . However, people are so dependable on computers that they do not realize the impact it has on literacy . Computer literacy is Research, essential in our modern society but with great advantages of this skill come disadvantages that can have a negative impact on the three basic skills such as reading, writing and Motivation, arithmetic. Research In Homework! Reading is a skill that is Personal essay, taught from a very. Computer , Computer program , Computer programming 1351 Words | 4 Pages. Strenthening Early Literacy Skills in Studnets Language Word Recognitio. Running head: STRENGTHENING EARLY LITERACY SKILLS IN STUDNETS: LANGUAGE AND WORD RECOGNITION Strengthening Early Literacy . Skills in Research Students: Language and Word Recognition 510: Grand Canyon University Joanna Martinez September 9, 2012 Strengthening Early Literacy Skills in Students: Language and research thesis, Word Recognition Introduction When discussing early literacy , its development begins at in homework, birth and continues its development throughout yearly childhood years. Literacy is having the Health, skill to read. Dyslexia , Language , Literacy 1626 Words | 5 Pages. technologically advanced and affluent of all nations on Research in homework the earth, seems to management assignment help for international have an increasingly larger illiteracy rate every year.

This has become and . continues to be a critical problem throughout our society as we know it. Research In Homework! According to the National Adult Literacy survey, 42 million adult Americans can't read; 50 million are limited to a 4th or 5th grade reading level; one in Personal every four teenagers drops out of high school, and of the students who graduate, one in Research in homework every four has around an 8th grade education. Democracy , Functional illiteracy , Literacy 1054 Words | 4 Pages. Difference Between Computer Literacy and Information Literacy. computer literacy and information literacy ? The difference between computer literacy and Motivation to write paper employee, information . literacy is as follows: Information literacy is the ability to access, organize, evaluate and use information from in homework various sources. To Write Paper! Computer literacy is having the knowledge to use technology in order to manipulate computer software or hardware. There is a strong correlation between the two, but they are still different. Both concepts use critical thinking, but information literacy goes. Application software , Computer , Computer program 1092 Words | 4 Pages. English 102, Spring 2011 Amanda Phillips Assignment 1: Literacy Narrative Overview: For this assignment you will write an Research . autobiographical narrative based on your past literary experience that communicates insight about yourself as a reader and/or writer to your audience (in this case, your instructor and your classmates).

Your essay should center around one remembered event and/or one remembered person. Financial Management! It should not be several small anecdotes combined into one essay, although you may refer. Narrative , Narratology , Reading 502 Words | 2 Pages. Literacy, Technology, and the Social Self. Literacy , Technology, and The Social Self Introduction The way we define who we are is a direct result of what we know. In Homework! . Literacy reflects contradictions and complexities in how we understand ourselves and Health services management essay, construct roles for ourselves through language in that world.

X. Since the arrival of the Feed in ____, emphasis on Research the individual has become less central in our lives. This lack of focus has led to relationships that are left vulnerable and thesis, weakened. In this section we will be considering. Ernest J. Research In Homework! Gaines , Individual , Literacy 880 Words | 3 Pages. ? Why is Visual Literacy Important? Arthur T. Peace CGD218 Visual Literacy in Business (ADL1513A) Instructor Tony O’Neal . March 30, 2015 What is visual literacy ? This is the first thing I asked myself when I first saw the name. I guess the first thing would be to understand what visual communication is. This is driscoll thesis, when you have the ability to send and receive messages using pictures. Visual literacy goes hand in hand with this in that it is basically the ability to Research in homework gather.

Cognition , Communication , Graphic design 997 Words | 4 Pages. Language and Literacy in Social Practice. Language and Literacy in paper for you Social Practice Language and Literacy in Social Practice is one of a set of in homework four readers which . looks at literacy and language practices as they are moulded and shaped by the cultures of the societies they serve. Edited by Janet Maybin, the book is a collection of key articles by seminal writers in the field who investigate the role of language and literacy as part of Student research thesis social practice. Research In Homework! Broken down into four sections, the book begins with articles by Malinowski, Dell. Applied linguistics , Culture , Linguistics 874 Words | 3 Pages. The role of Research paper thesis statement literacy in Society Adult literacy is Research in homework, essential to management assignment help the economics of Research modern nations. It is crucial to individuals to . Mark Masters! have proficient literacy skills to make a difference to their prosperity. In 2003 the National Assessment of Adult Literacy used the following as a definition of literacy : using printed and written information to Research in homework function in society, to achieve one's goals, and to research essay thesis develop one's knowledge and potential. This definition does not simply mean comprehending text it includes. Arithmetic , Information literacy , Knowledge 1032 Words | 3 Pages.

My Journey to Research in homework Literacy I came from China to live in United State as a resident. Motivation A Research! Literacy sounds more important to me . and became a life issue. I did have my literacy which is in Chinese. When the in homework, time I immigrant here. America use different culture and literacy . I have to say I got stuck sketching totally. Literacy is affecting my families, my career, and my social perspective. Literacy and family.

Seeking back in 1993, when I first stepped on this country. Essay Contest! I was about 22 years old. Education , Literacy , Poverty in Research in homework the United States 966 Words | 3 Pages. Literacy in an Ever-Changing World. Literacy In An Ever-Changing World Being literate, as defined in Webster's New World Dictionary, is the Personal contest, ability to Research in homework read and write or to . be educated.

By my own definition, literacy is the ability to read, write, and verbally communicate, while also comprehending those writings, verses, or phrases. However, literacy is employee, not only reading and writing. In order for Research, one to Research be considered literate in Research in homework today's society, that person must possess the skill of remembering and understanding what was just. Applied linguistics , Knowledge , Literacy 1081 Words | 3 Pages. The class I will be taking for my three lessons contains 25 grade 9 students. Of these students there is 15 girls and 10 boys. 12 of these students are . currently working at the average literacy level for grade 9 students. School! There are 8 students working at an above average level, and 5 students at a below average level.

Of these 5 students, 2 boys have behavioural issues, and struggle to stay attentive for long periods. Research In Homework! Twice a week there is a Teacher’s Aid available to work with small groups for up. Education , John Lennon , Knowledge 1301 Words | 4 Pages. ? Literacy rate in essay contest India: An investigation Submitted by: Nguyen Le Ngoc Thao Student NO: L9921251 Class: S71305A Teachers: Jeff and . Research In Homework! Crystal Table of contents I. Abstract page 3 II. Introduction page 3 Purpose page 3 III. Motivation To Write Paper Employee! Findings page 4 Finding 1 page 4 Finding 2 page 4 Finding 3 page 5 Finding 4 page 6 Finding 5 page 7 IV. Conclusion page 8 V. Recommendations page 8 Reference list page 10 I. Abstract: The report examines many reasons which caused low literacy rate and some projects which. Childhood , Education , History of education 2223 Words | 12 Pages.

Narrative Writing Lesson plans and other teaching resources Action Chains Students learn to elaborate on in homework an event in Research paper a . narrative by expanding their sentences into Research in homework action chains. Expanding single actions into an action chain provides the reader with a more detailed picture of an event in a narrative . This lesson is designed for grades 3-5. Active Beginnings This 3-page printable handout focuses on crafting strong leads. It is designed for elementary students and requires Adobe Reader or compatible. Education , Essay , Lesson plan 897 Words | 4 Pages. Information Literacy Kristine Myers Baker College of Flint Information Literacy When a person begins nursing school it can . be a bit over whelming. One is bombarded by not only to write a research paper new experiences but an overabundance of information. Clinical advisors demand an accumulation of information before setting a toe into Research in homework a patient’s room. However, being a novice, the student has no idea what all that information pertains to or what to do with it. As the semesters of nursing school pass, the student begins. Blood sugar , Health care , Health care provider 1247 Words | 4 Pages.

The aim and Motivation to write a research, importance of Literacy and. ?The aim and importance of Literacy and Numeracy. Literacy and in homework, numeracy are an extremely important part of everyday life and . the 2 key subjects taught in school; Literacy is the basis of communication, Speaking Listen, along with Reading and Writing. We speak to and listen to people all the time and we contact people we can’t speak to by letter or email. Then numeracy is in the very least the centre of problem solving; money handling; weighing and Personal essay contest, measuring along with handling data which we all. Education , Literacy , Numeracy 1034 Words | 2 Pages.

Literature In the Modern World When exploring what it means to read and write, it is easy to Research forget how valuable the knowledge of a research paper employee literacy . is. People take for granted the fact that our whole world revolves around communication and that our main sources of communication are reading and writing. Whether I’ve realized it or not, involvement in reading and writing comes into play for all different scenarios. It is used for everyday tasks such as reading directions, writing a grocery list, interpretating. Communication , Fiction writing , Literacy 895 Words | 3 Pages. Introduction “ Literacy learning has a profound and Research in homework, lasting effect on the social and academic lives of children. Their future educational . opportunities and career choices are directly related to literacy ability. Paper For You! Since early childhood is the period when language develops most rapidly, it is Research in homework, imperative that young children are provided with a variety of developmentally appropriate literacy experiences throughout each day, and that the classroom environment is rich with language, both spoken and printed.

Applied linguistics , Childhood , Early childhood education 2249 Words | 7 Pages. Factors that influence literacy development. world renown author “ literacy is Motivation to write a research paper employee, a bridge from misery to hope. It is a tool for in homework, daily life in modern society. It is Financial assignment, a bulwark against poverty, . and a building block of development, an essential complement to Research in homework investments in Research paper writing thesis statement roads, dams, clinics and factories. Literacy is a platform for democratization, and a vehicle for Research, the promotion of cultural and Financial management assignment for international, national identity. Especially for girls and women, it is an agent of family health and nutrition.

For everyone, everywhere, literacy is, along with education. Childhood , English language , First language 1506 Words | 5 Pages. Financial Literacy in the Philippines. cynical point of view, you could say that money is the law. In these times of corporate international booming, there's no exaggeration that money holds your . life today. Financial literacy is the knowledge that is the answer to these times of Research in homework finance emphasized earth. But what is financial literacy ? Financial literacy is, according to to write paper Wikipedia, “the ability of a person to understand how money works”. It is basically how one is skilled at handling financial matters, and how one is informed of insurances. Bank , Bond , Finance 1089 Words | 3 Pages.

Workplace Literacy and Effective Communication. Workplace Literacy and Effective Communication Recently, there has been a poorly written communication in the workplace, which has led to . some hurt feelings, lower morale and possible loss of business. As a corporation, we have worked very hard to Research maintain the synergy though out our work environment. Health Essay School! These latest events are starting to compromise multiple aspects of Research our company. First, we are losing control and perspective of our colleagues.

Camaraderie and atmosphere are suffering, placing us. Communication , Creative writing , Literacy 1270 Words | 4 Pages. Support Literacy and Numeracy Activities. STL6 – Support literacy and numeracy activities K8 the thesis, strategies and Research in homework, resources used at your school for developing pupils': a reading . skills b writing skills c speaking/talking and listening skills d mathematical knowledge, understanding and services essay, skills The classes in my school are of mixed ability and key stage 1 year 1 and 2 contain pupils from two adjacent year groups. Throughout the school, we use a variety of teaching styles including whole class, group and individual teaching. Activity , Literacy , Mathematics 1111 Words | 4 Pages. Cultural Literacy According to Research in homework E.D. Hirsch.

Cultural Literacy According to E.D. Hirsch According to E.D. Hirsch, to writing statement be culturally literate is to possess the basic information to thrive . in the modern world. It is the grasp on the background information that writers and speakers assume their audience already has. In his book, Cultural Literacy : What Every American Needs to Know, Hirsch sets forth 5,000 essential words and phrases of which each person should be knowledgeable. The list ranges from Research idioms to paper writing for you thesis statement mythology, from science to fairy. Americas , Culture , Education 958 Words | 3 Pages. Economic prosperity of a nation in Research in homework relevance to literacy in it. countries.

Literacy is the key tool to make the workforce efficient. The word literacy means “a state of being able to read . and management help for international, write”. In a broader sense literacy is a phenomenon by which one can enhance his communication, professional and social skills. The impact of literacy on economic development is positive and can be easily determined by comparing the standard of living, per capita income, GDP, industrialization and development of Research in homework infrastructure within a country. Literacy enhances the working. Developed country , Economic development , Economic system 1124 Words | 4 Pages.

Paper 20 June 2013 Benefits of Early Literacy Learning Education is a fundamental aspect of a person’s social, economic, and emotional . developmental. Starting education early is management essay, therefore advantageous. Focusing specifically on early literacy ; statistics prove that an Research early literary development can radically improve a child’s chance for driscoll masters, a formidable career. Early literacy developmental practices have been taking place for many years now. Many different literacy programs offer statistical and other. Better , Child , Childhood 1252 Words | 4 Pages. Research Proposal “Mixed-methods evaluation and modelling of mother’s health literacy on child health in province of in homework Aceh, Indonesia” I. Research For You Thesis Statement! . Background Child health is an essential indicator of the quality of life in developing countries. Mothers’ literacy is often positively associated with improved child health and nutritional status (Glewwe, 1999).

The possession of literacy increases the ability of a mother or a family to acquire more knowledge. Research In Homework! Improvements in child health are considered. Health , Health care , Health economics 1777 Words | 7 Pages. Computer Literacy and Competency Among Teachers. COMPUTER LITERACY AND COMPETENCY AMONG TEACHERS IN GITAGUM AND LIBERTAD MISAMIS ORIENTAL CRIZLIE JANE B. ENOT IAN P. Paper! MORENTE . Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Physics Department of Science and Mathematics Education College of Education MSU – Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan City October 2013 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Introduction For years, schools across the nation have been joining the technology revolution. Research In Homework! Today, students have. College , Education , High school 1410 Words | 6 Pages. Health Literacy Health illiteracy has become referred to as the silent epidemic. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . website, the National Assessment of Adult Literacy showed only 12 percent of adults have proficient health literacy . That means nine out of ten adults may lack the needed skills to adequately manage their health and prevent disease. Healthy People 2010 define health literacy as “the degree to which individuals have the capacity to Financial management help for international obtain, process, and understand.

Health , Health care , Health care provider 771 Words | 3 Pages. ?Visual Literacy and the Arts in Modern Education Visual literacy is the ability to in homework interpret, and generate original, as well as . generally acknowledged, meaning from images. To put it more succinctly, it is the capacity to deduct meaning and messages from visual information and Financial management assignment help, images (Giorgis 1). It is pivotal to in homework the graphic arts but is Financial assignment help, often seen as “peripheral to the ‘real business’ of school and in homework, schooling” (Dimitriadis 361). Health Management Essay! Current issues in education often involve how to develop literate students.

Masters Fees and Research in homework, Funding in Australia. You won’t be surprised to learn that Australia is Research paper writing thesis a consistently popular study destination, with internationally recognised universities attracting students from home and abroad. But how much do you know about the cost of a Masters in Australia? And how fortunate are postgraduates looking for in homework funding in ‘the lucky country’? On this page you can read about Masters fees and funding in Australia. This includes a guide to costs for domestic students as well as international postgraduates and a breakdown of Financial management for international, some of the more important Australian scholarship providers. If you’re looking for more general information on Masters degrees in Australia, why not check out our study guide? Or, if you’ve already decided that postgraduate study down-under is for you, you can start searching for Australian Masters degrees.

Masters fees for Australian students. The majority of Australia’s universities are publically funded, with the government supporting research, teaching and some student fees. This means that, whilst fees for Masters degrees in Australia are relatively high, many students do not pay the full cost of Research, their courses. Calculating Australian Masters fees. Costs for most degree programmes in Australia are calculated per-unit. Each unit (or module) of your course will fall into one of three bands, depending on services, its course content and subject area. Student costs for individual bands are capped by the Australian government until 2016.

In order to calculate the entire cost of a specific programme you’ll need to work out which units you expect to study and combine their cost. Many Australian universities offer fee calculators on their websites to assist you with this. Domestic students (as well as permanent residents and citizens of New Zealand) may be able to receive Commonwealth support for a taught Masters (or, ‘Masters by coursework’) in Australia. Research! Commonwealth supported places are partially subsidised by the Australian government, which pays money directly to universities in order to Mark driscoll, reduce tuition fees. Masters fees for Commonwealth supported students are much lower than those for other ‘full-fee’ students.

Instead of paying the entire cost of Research, your programme you will pay a smaller ‘student contribution fee’. This can be as little as AU#36;1,000-2,000 per year, though the actual cost will depend on the units you study and essay, the grade bands they fall into. In some cases your student contribution fee can also be offset with a loan. For more information, see the section on Masters funding in Australia. Domestic students who do not qualify for Commonwealth support pay fees in Australia at the full rate set by their university. This is the case for the majority of Masters students, due to limitations on Research in homework, the number of thesis, Commonwealth supported places at postgraduate level. As a ‘full-fee’ Masters student in Australia you will pay between AU#36;10,000 and Research, AU#36;25,000 for a typical one-year course.

The exact cost will depend on your specific programme and help, the units of study it includes. Student Services and Amenities Fees (SSAF) In addition to tuition fees, students in in homework, Australia may also be required to pay a small Student Services and Amenities Fee. This covers administrative costs and to write, other services not directly related to tuition for your Masters. Individual universities can decide how much (if anything) to charge for SSAF, up to a maximum of AU#36;286 per year. Masters fees for international students in Australia. If you are not an Australian citizen, New Zealand citizen or permanent resident of Australia, you will usually be classed as an Research in homework, international student. International postgraduate students in Australia pay tuition fees at a slightly higher rate and driscoll, are not eligible for Commonwealth supported places. This doesn’t mean you can’t receive financial support to study a Masters abroad in Australia – in fact, there are lots of scholarship schemes designed specifically for overseas postgraduates.

The Australian government currently estimates the cost of fees for international Masters students at between AU#36;20,000 and AU#36;37,000 per in homework year. Some programmes may be more expensive than this, particularly in subjects such as medicine and related disciplines. MBA courses are also likely to incur higher fees than other taught Masters degrees. Student Services and Amenities Fees (SSAF) for international students. International postgraduates can also be charged SSAF, up to a current maximum of AU#36;286 per year. This covers additional costs associated with your Masters degree, but not directly related to its tuition. Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC)

You will need to Health services management, have adequate health insurance during your time studying a Masters in Australia. International students usually receive this by purchasing Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC) from Research in homework, a suitable insurer. Different OSHC products provide different levels of cover. You can take out a cheap basic policy that satisfies your legal obligations as an Motivation a research, international student, or purchase more extensive cover according to your needs. The average cost for a minimum coverage policy is around AU#36;437.

The Australian Department of Research, Health provides more information about OSHC cover. Upcoming reforms to fees and funding in Australia. The Australian government is Financial for international due to introduce various changes to higher education funding that may impact fees for degree programmes. These will begin to apply to new students from 2016. Research! Existing students (enrolled prior to 13th May 2014) will pay fees at the original rate until 2020. The most important of the changes concern Commonwealth supported places. Government subsidies for these are due to be reduced and caps on student contribution fees will be removed. Services Essay School! This will increase the final cost of Research in homework, some degree programmes, but may not have as great an effect on the cost of Australian Masters degrees (for which many students already pay at paper, the ‘full-fee’ rate).

You can read more about these upcoming reforms at the Australian government website. Masters funding for Research Australian students. Financial support for Australian students is available in a number of forms, from both public and private sources. So, even if your course is not eligible for Commonwealth support, you should still be able to receive some funding or other assistance for your Masters in Australia. Note that international students are not usually eligible for the same government finance as Australian citizens, but can receive other forms of Health management, funding and support. Higher Education Loan Programme (HELP) The Australian government provides support to Research, domestic students through a national loans system. This support is Mark driscoll referred to as the Higher Education Loan Programme, or ‘HELP’ – a pretty appropriate acronym! HELP loans are normally only available to Australian citizens, or students with permanent humanitarian visas. In Homework! This excludes students from New Zealand or those with other forms of visa. You can receive five different forms of ‘HELP’ for your Masters degree:

FEE-HELP loans help cover the cost of your tuition fees. The amount you can borrow is subject to a lifetime limit that varies each year, but is roughly AU#36;100,000 (students in medicine and Mark driscoll thesis, related subject areas may be eligible to borrow slightly more). This limit is shared with the VET FEE-HELP scheme (see below). Undergraduate FEE-HELP loan schemes usually incur a 25% borrowing fee, but this is not charged for Masters degrees . VET FEE-HELP loans are similar to FEE-HELP, but are provided to Research, cover tuition on vocational education and training (VET) qualifications. These include some postgraduate courses, such as graduate certificates and graduate diplomas. If you are an Australian student studying a complete Masters degree, you should apply for a FEE-HELP loan, rather than VET FEE-HELP. VET FEE-HELP shares the same lifetime borrowing limit as FEE-HELP. HECS-HELP support is only available to students on commonwealth supported places. It provides a loan to cover your student contribution fee (the amount of tuition you pay for after your Commonwealth support is taken into account). The HECS-HELP scheme also allows eligible students to receive a 10% up-front discount on their student contribution fee, instead of Motivation a research paper employee, a loan.

This option may be removed as a result of Research in homework, upcoming higher education reforms in Australia. OS-HELP loans are intended for Commonwealth supported students studying part of their course overseas. In order to writing, be eligible for an OS-HELP loan your Masters must be awarded by your ‘home’ institution in Australia. You cannot use an OS-HELP loan to pay for an entire Masters abroad. SA-HELP loans are available to assist with the cost of your Student Services and Amenities Fee (SSAF). Eligibility for SA-HELP loans is partly based on in homework, your tax status.

You will need to contest, submit your Tax File Number (TFN) as part of your application. Any HELP debt you incur as a Masters student in Australia will be combined into one sum, managed by the Australian Taxation Office. Repayments are made on Research in homework, an income-contingent basis, above a specific threshold (currently AU#36;54,126) and Mark masters, deducted through the Australian taxation system. The exact rate at which you repay will depend on Research in homework, how much you earn each year. At present, rates rise at roughly 0.5% per additional AU#36;5,000 of Motivation to write employee, income.

You can find more information about different HELP schemes (including repayment rates) on the Australian Government’s Study Assist website. The Commonwealth Scholarships Programme supports indigenous Australians in higher education. You can apply for this funding if you are an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander student and can demonstrate a need for financial support. Various Commonwealth Scholarships are offered, with some providing a maintenance grant, whilst others are primarily intended to cover relocation costs. The Australian Department of Education and Training provides more information on in homework, scholarship amounts, eligibility and Research for you thesis, application procedures. Other sources of funding for Australian Masters students. Support for postgraduate students in in homework, Australia is also available from a variety of other sources. These include scholarships from individual universities as well as wider funding schemes targeted at particular groups of students or subject areas (you can view some of these in the section on funding for international students in Australia, below).

The best way to find out about university scholarships is to essay, find a course that interests you and in homework, get in assignment, touch to ask about funding – you can view contact details for all of the Australian Masters degree programmes listed here on Research, FindAMasters. Masters funding for international students in Australia. You won’t be eligible for Motivation a research paper HELP loans as an international student in Australia, but that doesn’t mean there isn’t any support available to you. Various other funding schemes exist for Masters students in Research in homework, Australia. Some are specifically designed to attract and support international postgraduates. Others are available to Motivation a research, all applicants, regardless of nationality. The Australia Awards are a flagship international scholarship scheme funded by various branches of the Australian government. They offer generous support to international students from a selection of Research in homework, partner countries who wish to study abroad in Motivation employee, Australia.

There are two main Australia Awards scholarship schemes for international Masters students in Australia: Australia Awards Scholarships fund international students from selected developing countries to in homework, study in Australia. Recipients are expected to return to their home country and work for at least two years following the completion of a research paper employee, their degree. Endeavour Scholarships fund educational exchanges between Australia and selected partner countries, including opportunities for international students to Research in homework, complete degrees in Australia. Both scholarship schemes cover full tuition fees in addition to Research paper writing statement, travel expenses, an in homework, initial establishment grant, a maintenance stipend, Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC) and Motivation employee, other sundry expenses. Scholarships for postgraduate research. Various schemes exist to assist international students on postgraduate research degrees in Australia. Much of in homework, this funding is targeted at PhD-level work, but some schemes also support research Masters degrees: International Postgraduate Research Scholarships (IPRS) are awarded by universities to international students (excepting citizens of New Zealand) who wish to complete a postgraduate research degree (including a two-year research Masters) in Australia. They cover tuition fees and Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC).

Australian Postgraduate Awards (APA) are offered by individual universities, with the support of the Australian Department of statement, Education. In Homework! Funding is available for two-year research Masters degrees (as well as PhDs) and is offered in the form of a living stipend (currently set at AU#36;25,849 for full-time students). Health Essay School! International students can apply for Australian Postgraduate Awards in addition to International Postgraduate Research Scholarships. Postgraduate Scholarships are offered by the Australian-American Fulbright Commission. Most of their support is targeted at in homework, American PhD students wishing to driscoll, complete short periods of Research, study in for international, Australia. Australian universities are keen to recruit promising international postgraduates (like you!) and in homework, many will offer their own funding for Personal contest overseas Masters students. In Homework! A good way to see what’s available is find a course that interests you, then get in touch. You can find contact details for all of the Australian Masters degrees listed on FindAMasters.com. Search for Masters funding in Australia. Of course, there are far more opportunities for Masters funding in paper for you thesis statement, Australia than we can list on this page. That’s why we’ve created our dedicated postgraduate funding website, PostgraduateFunding.com.

There you can search for scholarships, travel grants, bursaries and all sorts of other, well, postgraduate funding! FindAMasters scholarships in Research in homework, Australia. Don't forget that you can also apply for one of our own FindAMasters scholarships to help cover the cost of driscoll, postgraduate study in Australia. There's no catch, you just have to be beginning a Masters degree this year at in homework, a university with courses listed at FindAMasters.com. We've got one ?5,000 scholarship up for grabs, plus four ?500 scholarships. So, if you've found a Masters degree in Australia, why not register for scholarship news?

We'll be in touch about the application process soon!

100 Easy Causal Analysis Essay Topics. VirginiaLynne has been a University English instructor for over 20 years. She specializes in Research in homework, helping people write essays faster and essay easier. In Homework? Causal analysis essays answer the question, Why? Many times, answer to this question can't be proved absolutely, so sometimes this essay is to write paper called a speculating about causes essay. To write it, you will describe what happens and Research in homework then state your answer (aka thesis) about the cause, providing support for your answer with reasons and evidence. • Why do people do that? • Why does this happen? • Why is this a trend? • Why does it occur? What causes people to develop phobias?

Why do some people become addicted to gambling when others can gamble and not become addicted? What causes people to contest rise above a disadvantaged background such as poverty, a single-parent household, or abusive parents? What are the chemical causes of falling in in homework, love? What causes feeling of romantic attraction to fade? What causes love at first sight? Why do people lose their memories as they get older? Why do people need to Financial management assignment help sleep? Why do we develop muscle memory for some repetitive actions? Why do people experience nightmares? Why do some marriages last for a lifetime? Why do we have short and long term memory?

Why do people get dyslexia? Why do we respond physically to fear? Why do we yawn (or hiccup, or stretch)? Why can people, who have their eyes closed, sense objects they are approaching but not yet touching? What makes some people introverts and others extroverts? Why is methamphetamine so addictive? Why do people crave sugar?

Why do some families look so much alike, while others don't? Why do first born children tend to be achievers? Why do people snore? Why do people lie? Why do people blush? Why do people hate? Why do teenagers rebel against in homework, their parents? Why do teens get acne?

Why do teens sleep so much? Why do teens cut themselves? Why do people commit suicide? Why do teens engage in sexting? Why do young people start smoking when they know it causes cancer? Why do young people sometimes get cancer? or have heart attacks? Why do teenagers use drugs? Why do college students binge drink? Why do young people become homeless? Why do young people join gangs?

Why do young people make graffiti? Why do fewer young people vote (compared to older generations)? Why don't younger people donate blood? or become organ donors? Why don't teenage relationships last? Why don't teenagers read?

Why don't teen marriages last? Why are teenagers more optimistic than older people? Why are young people better at learning languages than older people? Why do adolescent girls need more iron than adults or boys their age? Why do teenage girls idolize male celebrities? Why do adolescents need protein? Why do adolescent girls mature faster than boys?

Why do adolescents need to masters thesis establish their own identity? What type of Why question most interests you? Why do animals have tails? Why do some animals like to be petted? Why do elderly people with pets live longer, healthier, and Research happier lives? Why are pets good for kids? Why do dogs eat strange things like grass and services essay poop? Why do cats show pleasure by in homework, purring and kneading?

Why do cats like to sleep in boxes and other strange places? Why do cats who are well-fed still hunt? Why do birds build elaborate nests? Why do monarch butterflies migrate long distances? Why do ants and bees live in colonies? Why do wolves howl? Why did humans domesticate wolves and breed them to become dogs? Why do some insects and jellyfish glow? What causes tides?

Or the wind? What causes insects like crickets and cicadas to make such loud noises? Why are animals used in research? Why are animals afraid of humans? Why is larger size an advantage for Motivation paper employee animals in colder climates? Why do small dogs live longer than bigger dogs? Why are some animals becoming endangered? Why is nature so therapeutic? Why are insects attracted to Research in homework light?

Why are insects the Mark masters most successful animals on earth? Why are microbes important to in homework human beings? Why are so many Americans against the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)? Why are some Euro countries like Greece in such economic turmoil? Why are rates of AIDS transmission higher in Financial assignment, Africa than elsewhere? Why do Japanese couples delay marriage?

Why does Japan have higher suicides rates than many other countries? Why are large typhoons and Research in homework hurricanes like Haiyan happening more frequently? What has caused the writing for you thesis statement unrest in the Middle East which resulted in in homework, the Arab Spring Movement and Syria's civil war? What caused the Great Recession of 2008? Why are random shootings becoming more common in the U.S.? What causes terrorist groups to target certain countries? (You could choose a country.) What caused the Mark masters thesis U.S. Research In Homework? government shut down of 2013? Why is Financial management for international North Korea so closed to in homework the rest of the world?

Or why is Mark driscoll it becoming more belligerent toward other nations? Why are more and more people moving to large cities and away from rural areas? (You could talk about this worldwide or apply this question to one country or region of the world.) Why has the neo-conservative movement developed in in homework, American politics? Why has neo-Nazism been on the rise in Germany? Why is driscoll thesis China going to Research in homework ease up on the one-child policy? Why did Donald Trump win in the 2016 election? Why have the police been targeted by Financial management help, gunmen recently in Research, the U.S.? Why are terrorists choosing to use vehicles as weapons? Why did the Arab Spring movement not lead to successful democratic societies?

Why is writing statement Twitter the medium of choice for Donald Trump? What caused the French Revolution? What caused the development of American slavery system? What caused the settlement of Australia by in homework, the English? What caused the colonization of Africa? Why does English have so many words of French origin? Why is English the main language used around the essay world in business and science?

Why does India have a caste system? Why are the in homework Chinese still interested in religion after years of atheist communism? What caused the great Chinese famine in the Great Leap Forward? What caused the Mark driscoll thesis black plague of the in homework Middle Ages to stop? What caused Great Britain to adopt the parliamentary system?

Why does America have an educational system that is different from the European system used by most of the rest of the world? Why, according to the 2000 U.S. Census information, did more Americans identify with German ancestry (15%) than any other heritage (Irish was second at Research paper thesis, 10%, and African American was third at 8%)? Why did Japan attack the U.S. at in homework, Pearl Harbor? or Why did America drop an atomic bomb to end the war? Why is it important to study history? (Depending on how you answer, this could be worked into Student thesis a causal essay topic.) After choosing your topic question, you can research online to get some ideas of possible answers. Research In Homework? Title: The causal question makes a great title for your essay. Mark Driscoll Thesis? However, you should probably make the Research in homework question as short as possible for the title. Your answer to essay thesis the question will be the thesis of Research in homework your paper. Introduction: Start your introduction by interesting your reader in the topic and describing the situation or effect. See the chart for easy introduction and school conclusion ideas. The end of your introduction will be your cause question and thesis.

Thesis: Start your thesis by in homework, asking your question and then answering it. To make your thesis into a clear roadmap of what you will talk about in your essay, add a because followed by the three reasons you will give in the body of your essay. Body: Be careful to write the reasons in parallel format. Sample Thesis: Why do people enjoy being scared at Motivation a research employee, a horror movie? Humans enjoy scary movies because they feel an emotional release in watching and talking with other people about the experience, and they get a vicarious thrill in Research in homework, seeing the forbidden on the screen. (Of course, you can have more than just three reasons, and you may have several paragraphs on Health services essay one reason if you have several parts of Research that reason to research discuss.) Topic Sentences of Body: For your body paragraphs, take your three reasons and turn them into full sentences. Research In Homework? Those are your topic sentences for the body paragraphs of your essay. Gather evidence from driscoll masters thesis, your own observations and from research.

Conclusion: In the Research in homework conclusion, you want to either urge the reader to believe your reasons or give a final point. See ideas in the chart below. Easy Introductions and essay Conclusions. Research In Homework? 100 Problem Solution Essay Topics with Sample Essays. by Virginia Kearney 42. Easy Argumentative Essay Topics for College Students. by Virginia Kearney 5. by Virginia Kearney 6. How to Motivation to write a research employee Write a Proposal Essay/Paper. by Laura Writes 40.

100 Argument or Position Essay Topics with Sample Essays. by Research in homework, Virginia Kearney 37. 100 Science Topics for Research Papers. by Virginia Kearney 108. this really helped! Virginia Kearney 23 months ago from United States. Breathing, I am glad that this post helped you. I have many more articles about writing. For You Thesis? Please look at my How to Write a Cause Essay for introduction and conclusion ideas and Technology Topics for Research Essays for more topics.

Sajib 23 months ago from Bangladesh. Thanks a lot for posting such a wonderful and in homework helpful post! It will help us a lot who always look to essay thesis create great casual analysis essays. Really you have some excellent and breathtaking ideas! These questions always come to our mind but very few us are able to find the answers.

I hope you will also shed some light on the following issues: 1. A few similar questions on in homework the technology niche. Research Thesis? 2. Research In Homework? A few exciting ideas about the thesis statement body like the Research introductory and concluding ideas. If I get these things it will help me specially and lot of others. Hoping to have some more great things from you! Kathryn Lane 23 months ago.

This was really helpful, thank you! Thank you so much! Kader 3 years ago from a research paper, Algeria. Nice and helpful tips on which teach rely and in homework reffer to.Thank you so much. Maree Michael Martin 3 years ago from Northwest Washington on an Island. Very helpful. I love all these questions and essay topics, thanks.

Dianna Mendez 3 years ago. Another great post for teachers and students! I always learn to much from your sharing. Thank you! Virginia Kearney 3 years ago from United States. Thanks Hezekiah--I am hoping that I can help people. So many of the people who teach the beginning levels of college English are graduate students who are just beginning teachers themselves. I know how hard it can be to come up with good lesson plans and instructions.

That is management why I've decided to post my own notes and instructions that I've developed in teaching for Research over 20 years. Hezekiah 3 years ago from Japan. Nice tips there, I wish I would have known these while I was still at Uni or High School. Motivation To Write A Research Paper Employee? Copyright 2017 HubPages Inc. and Research respective owners. Other product and company names shown may be trademarks of their respective owners. HubPages ® is Student research a registered Service Mark of Research HubPages, Inc.

HubPages and Hubbers (authors) may earn revenue on this page based on affiliate relationships and advertisements with partners including Amazon, Google, and Mark driscoll masters thesis others. Copyright 2017 HubPages Inc. and in homework respective owners.

essay for academic The Academic Essay. The academic essay is merely a specific writing genre#150;as is the Research, love letter, newspaper editorial, or pop-fiction. As a genre, it functions within a set of norms, rules, and conventions. The purpose of Mark masters thesis, this discussion is to make clear to you what those rules and norms are, and how to in homework use them to express your argument clearly. The purpose of the Motivation, academic essay is to persuade by reasoned discourse. Scholars use the essay amongst themselves to advance ideas. In Homework? Its value as an instructional tool is to assist students in developing their critical thinking skills. As you recall, critical thinking is defined as: the ability to read theory accurately, appropriate it meaningfully, apply it independently, generate results based on that application, analyze the results, and form a clear argument based on Mark those results that can be defended with a specific line of reasoning.

A good academic essay engenders this process and clearly demonstrates that the process has been performed successfully. With this in mind let's examine how to write an academic essay. Do you frequently find yourself struggling with the introduction to your essays? Do you not know how to begin the essay? Do you find yourself searching for a generalizing statement that will get things going, and trying to find a delicate balance between BS'ing and saying something meaningful? If so, that's because you are not following the norms for the introduction to Research the academic essay. Following this norm actually makes introductions a piece of cake and gets you right into the body of the essay. Here is the norm: The purpose of the introduction is two-fold:

1. For International? To introduce the theoretical framework that will guide your analysis. 2. To introduce the thesis statement that will organize your paper. Following this norm allows you to cut to the chase. No more generalizing statements of philosophical speculation that you venture forth hoping that it won't get shot down. You know, crap like Hemingway was perhaps one of the most visionary authors of his time. or The Western is perhaps the most uniquely American of all the genres.

Rather, if the Research, purpose of the essay is to demonstrate that you have appropriated a theory and Mark driscoll masters applied it independently to produce results, then the function of the introduction becomes more focused: to introduce the theory#150;or theoretical framework#150;that you have decided to use. Hence you will find that many essays begin with such statements as In his book. Or, In her essay. IMPORTANT NOTE: One of the main reasons that the in homework, norm of the Introduction developed this way is because of an important rule of the Mark thesis, Academic Essay: Avoid making statements that you cannot prove. The problem with the generalizing/philosophical/BS'ing statements like Hemingway. and The Western. is that they cannot be proven through reasoned discourse. Moreover, to even try and in homework do so would require voluminous amounts of discourse for something that is not even your thesis: what you actually ARE setting out to prove.

As a result, the genre of the Research thesis, Academic Essay has evolved into the above norm. Research In Homework? It still meets an introduction's purpose of a research paper, orienting the in homework, reader, it just does so in a very specific manner. Having accomplished that, the expectation for an essay is that you will introduce a thesis statement that is management school directly related to that theoretical framework (or its application). As a result, a major convention of the academic essay is that: The introduction ends with the thesis statement. Having stated a thesis, you are expected to then go and prove it through the body of the essay. That said, it is important to discuss what's at stake in making a thesis statement. In Homework? There are four basic logical forms for a thesis statement: #149; A banal thesis statement. #149; A simple thesis statement. #149; A complex thesis statement.

#149; An impossible thesis statement. Let's discuss each of essay contest, these quickly before moving on. A banal thesis statement is a statement that does not really say anything#150;it is in fact meaningless because it is either so overly general or so evident as to Research not be of significance. Here's an example from to write employee, literature. A frequent argument students will make is This author used symbolism to in homework make his point.

The statement, however, is meaningless precisely because it is not of significance: every author writing literature uses symbolism of one kind or another, either using language metaphorically or metonymically. Thus, to attempt to single out or make a distinction of a piece for using symbolism is to Financial help not say anything that even needs proving to begin with. A simple thesis statement is not quite what it may sound like. A simple thesis statement means that only in homework one main point or argument is Personal essay going to be proved. In Homework? The term simple argument can thus be misleading because the argument itself can and frequently is paper for you statement very theoretically sophisticated. What makes them simple is that in terms of their logical structure, they only take on one line of proof, and hence, their organization of proof will be simple.

One has to be careful, however, because sometimes one main argument may require SEVERAL supporting arguments. The example here would be the in homework, argument that Star Wars belongs within the Health management, Western Genre. Here the writer has only one thing to prove, but in order to do so will have to establish the elements that comprise the Western Genre and demonstrate how the Research in homework, film embodies them--not a small task. Simple thesis statements are eminently preferable in terms of writing an essay for a course. Personal Contest? It allows you to focus on your points and your proofs rather than getting lost in the organization of your arguments. A complex thesis statement means that the thesis has more than one point to prove. In this respect, the essay will have to Research in homework organize more than one line of reasoning in so far that more than one thing has to be proven. Complex theses are not necessarily more theoretically sophisticated than simple thesis statements, they are only more difficult to organize clearly. In this respect, they are not worth what they entail and should be avoided. An example of essay school, a complex thesis statement would be something like: Faulkner's novels critique the Research, ideologies of patriarchy and services management school racism. This would be an appropriate analysis for the work of Faulkner, but I'm not sure it would be worth it.

To begin with, it is not clear what the writer has to gain in terms of proving BOTH of in homework, these aspects of the work rather than just the one. Instead, with this complex thesis, there are going to be long sections of the essay where half of paper for you thesis statement, what needs to be proved will be left suspended while the other half gets discussed. Research In Homework? In addition, the thesis picks the work of Faulkner which necessitates discussing every book, rather than just one. Thus it is that an important convention of the academic essay is that: A complex thesis statement can usually be restructured into a more theoretically sophisticated (if not interesting) simple thesis statement. Making an management help Argument. As stated earlier, the academic essay is an exercise in reasoned persuasion. In this respect, the thesis statement is an important organizational structure insofar as it establishes how the rest of the essay will be organized. Classical logic maintains that there are 3 basic kinds of persuasive statements: statements of fact, statements of in homework, value (or evaluation), and statements of policy (or action, which argue what we should do). Unless otherwise specified, the first of these, the statement of fact, is the form that the thesis statement for an academic essay should take#150;the obvious exception being when you write evaluative criticism (which you will NEVER do in my course). Statements of a research paper, fact can themselves be grouped into two basic forms: arguments of classification, and arguments of operation or function.

It is possible to make other distinctions, like for example, arguments of relationship (how to things relate to each other) but these distinctions can be readily subsumed into in homework, these two basic groups. Arguments of classification are when you establish some sort of criteria, and then argue that something meets or fails to Research paper for you thesis meet that criteria. The earlier example that Star Wars belongs within the Western Genre is an example of an argument of classification. Having established what comprises the Western Genre, the writer will then go on to prove how Star Wars embodies, contains, or possesses those elements. The writer will, in other words, prove that Star Wars meets that criteria. Arguments of operation or function argues in in homework terms of what something does, or how it functions. The earlier argument that Faulkner's work critiques the ideology of essay contest, patriarchy is an example of function.

This statement argues that Faulkner's work DOES something: it criticizes the ideology of patriarchy. Note that unlike the argument of classification, the Research in homework, writer of this essay SEEMS to essay contest have to do more to Research in homework prove their thesis. They will not only have to define what the ideology of patriarchy is#150;and thus establish criteria#150;they will also have to demonstrate that Faulkner's work DOES something with that criteria. The question of HOW leads to a discussion of the essay thesis, body of the essay. The Body of the Essay. From a conceptual standpoint, the function of the body of the essay is to prove the thesis statement laid out in the introduction. Easy enough. This section discusses how the writer accomplishes that proof. In the discussion of types of argument, I made the point that the writer will have to establish criteria that can be used to Research in homework prove their argument.

The body of the essay is the location where the writer accomplishes that. An introduction is Research statement precisely that: It INTRODUCES the Research, theoretical framework and the thesis statement. It does not DESCRIBE or DISCUSS these two things. This is a fairly common mistake that beginning essay writers make. They fear that they have not said enough in the intro and as a result, go on to discuss aspects of their theory or elaborate on a thesis. Essay Thesis? The problem with doing so is that it screws up your organization. What comes next is no longer clear to the reader. If you keep it clear to yourself that the Research, purpose of the introduction to your essay is to only INTRODUCE your theoretical framework, and your thesis statement, then the function of the body of Personal, your essay will also become evident to the reader. They will expect you to establish criteria so that you can prove your thesis. As a result, another important norm of the academic essay is: A primary function of the body of the essay is to establish the criteria by which the thesis statement will be proven. Thus it is that having argued that Star Wars is a Western, the Research, body of the paper is driscoll going to have to first establish the elements that comprise the Research in homework, Western#150;it will have to establish the criteria by which the Student research essay thesis, thesis can be proven.

To argue that Faulkner's work criticizes thee ideology of patriarchy is going to Research in homework require that the writer establish what the ideology of patriarchy is. Establishing the criteria by which the thesis statement will be proven leads to Student the next logical step: demonstrating how the object under investigation meets those criteria. Clearly it is not enough for the Faulkner essayist to just define what the in homework, ideology of patriarchy is. Their thesis is that Faulkner's work criticizes that ideology. As a result, they will have to Motivation a research point to specific things within the text and argue that they relate to those criteria IN A SPECIFIC WAY#150;in this case through a process of criticism. This process of relating the object of Research in homework, investigation back to the established criteria is another fundamental component of the body of the essay. Without it, the proof is not complete.

As silly as that sounds, I kid you not that the most frequent mistake of beginning essay writers is Mark driscoll masters a failure to relate their analysis back to the criteria they have established. Thus it is Research in homework that another important norm for the academic essay is: Relate the analysis back to Personal essay contest the terms and concepts of the established criteria. The Star Wars example brings up another fundamental logical task to this process. Research In Homework? From the beginning you have probably thought the Star Wars thesis to not be very feasible. The film is not set in Personal the West, and it occurs in the future. The question becomes, however, whether these are ESSENTIAL criteria to the Western, and if not, what is? In terms of proving that thesis statement, the Research, writer is going to have to clearly establish what the elements of the Western Genre are, and then relate aspects of the film back to ALL of those criteria.

Herein lies the essential importance of completeness to that process. If the Star Wars writer establishes the criteria but can only point to the gun-fighting that occurs in the film, then their essay will fail to persuade. Their essay will fail to persuade precisely because it inadequately addresses the Personal contest, scope of the criteria. Thus it is that another important norm for this process is: Fully address the established criteria. It is in homework very important to note that fully addressing the scope of the criteria does NOT mean that the object under discussion has to school fully meet ALL the Research, criteria. Mark Driscoll Thesis? To stick with the in homework, Star Wars example, the Student research thesis, writer can not IGNORE the issue of setting and even remotely hope to persuade the audience. In some way, the writer is going to have to address the fact that both time and place are out of the bounds of the Research in homework, Western. Student? This is the point precisely. The author will have to ADDRESS that point#150;those criteria#150;not necessarily MEET those criteria.

In this respect, the writer is Research going to have make a supporting argument about how these criteria relate to Financial help for international each other in terms of comprising the genre (or in a logical sense the whole). The important point is that all criteria are addressed adequately. Failure to address any of the established criteria creates a gap in logic. Subsequently, the reasoning process (and its ability to persuade) fails. Fully relating the object of the thesis to Research the established criteria fulfills the logical requirements necessary to persuade reasonably and allows the writer to draw conclusions. Before that process is discussed, however, it is necessary to examine an important component of this relating back process. The Role of Description.

Relating the object of investigation or the object of the Mark driscoll masters thesis, thesis back to the established criteria is necessarily going to involve description. Description is frequently an unclear and thorny issue for writers of the academic essay#150;especially in terms of scope (how much is enough?). The purpose of description, however, clarifies the issue of scope. The purpose of description to is to make clear, or establish WHAT in the object of investigation (the film, the scene, the shot) relates to Research in homework the criteria being used. It therefore becomes important for the writer to use description in such a manner as to establish the basis of the to write paper employee, relationship between the object and the criteria. Furthermore, the Research, writer should LIMIT description to accomplishing only this task. Added description is not only superfluous, but distracts from trying to prove your argument. As a result, another important norm for the body of the academic essay is: Subordinate description to the purpose of analysis. As stated above the process of fully relating the Research paper writing for you thesis, object of the thesis to the established criteria has the effect of fulfilling the logical requirements.

It is THAT task which ultimately persuades, not the conclusion itself. It is for this reason that, in some respects, the Research, conclusion does not seem to have a FUNDAMENTAL role in the process of reasoned persuasion. Health Management Essay School? That in itself probably accounts for how many dopey tips exist for what to do with a conclusion, like: repeat the thesis statement (like people have forgotten it despite the fact that you've been working to prove it the entire time) or some other such thing. What to do with a conclusion if the work of proof is already done? The most effective thing to do with a conclusion is to first signal that the work is coming to close, and then close off the in homework, discussion itself by stating something definitive about the work. Like the introduction, then, the conclusion has a dual role: to signal the transition to closure, and to close the discussion with a definitive statement. Mark Driscoll Thesis? The work of the conclusion should reference the thesis, without necessarily repeating the thesis (or the steps by which it was proven) It should then say something definitive that signals closure by pointing to the implications of what you've discussed, by amplifying what you've discussed, or by contextualizing what you've discussed. In each case, you are striving to close discussion by being definitive, and in homework you are taking caution not to violate rule #1 of the academic essay: avoid statements that you cannot prove.

To stay with the running examples, the Motivation employee, conclusion to Research the Faulkner paper could look something like this: . Mark Driscoll Masters? it therefore serves as an example of how literary texts structure their criticisms of Research, dominant ideologies. (pointing to the implications of proving your argument). Thus, far from being a portrait of its time Faulkner's work demonstrates that literary works actively engage ideologies. (amplifying your argument) Rather than a story centered exclusively on war, Hemingway's novel instead participates in the reinforcement of dominant ideologies with American culture. (Contextualizing the argument) Note that the similarity here is services essay how definitive these statements are. They draw upon Research in homework the work that has been done, but say something different and final that is logically based upon what has been discussed. There are, of course, variations on the genre of the academic essay--some rather large difference exist, for example, between the Financial for international, social sciences and the humanites. This discussion is based on the humanties approach. Other variations can result from the idiosyncracies of specific instructors.

To the degree that what is written here sounds heavy handed and Research inflexible, I caution instead that such tone is trying to reflect the manner in which your own analysis and writing will need to sound precise and rigorous#150;the standards by which the academic essay is evaluated. The precision and rigor with which these norms and conventions are applied should function only to demand that your own analysis and for you statement reason engender these standards. They are thus meant to elevate your thinking, not control it. The principles by which the Research in homework, academic essay structures itself is designed to be a discipline that frees your thinking, not subjugate it. Within its conventions is unlimited creative potential whose only demand, ultimately, is that you say something meaningful that others can be persuaded of via your logic. What I have attempted to do here is make the norms and conventions of the genre explicit so that you can refine your skills working within it.

Mastering this genre has the benefit of developing your skill to analyze situations using explicit criteria, and be able to make decisions based on that analysis. More than a few people have found that possession of Student thesis, such a skill is invaluable in life and professional endeavors.