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articulation therapy A cleft palate means that during the early stages of pregnancy, the baby’s roof of the English essay writers mouth does not join in the normal way. The lip is sometimes cleft as well as the palate. Children who are born with a cleft lip or palate usually have corrective surgery during the term help first few years of life. Nowadays, surgery is so good that there are few long term consequences. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries [Internet] - John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

Injury to essay myself, the ligaments of the middle joint (proximal interphalangeal joint) of a finger may occur as a result of the finger being forced backwards. And Management Accounting Wikipedia. This is known as a hyperextension injury. Characteristically, this occurs in sporting accidents, such as where a football strikes an English essay writers myself, outstretched hand. Paid Term Help. These injuries are common and typically affect people of working age. Usually, these patients are treated without surgery using a combination of support (splinting/strapping to essay myself, the adjacent finger) and Paid papers, exercise advice. Use of the hand is English essay myself commonly encouraged but restricted to some degree by Essay editor uk, the severity of the English injury.

By examining the evidence from randomised controlled trials, this review aimed to assess which treatment for hyperextension injuries of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the help aggression fingers results in the best outcome for patients. Essay Writers Myself. The outcomes examined included function (including return to work), pain and joint movement. Nursing School. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries [Internet] - John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Missed appointments are an avoidable cost and a resource inefficiency that impact on the health of the patient and treatment outcomes. Health-care services are increasingly utilising reminder systems to counter these negative effects. The study found that simple reminders or ‘reminder plus’ should be sent to all patients in the absence of writers, any clear contraindication. Other reminder alternatives may be relevant for key groups of patients. For You Nursing School. We are developing a practice guideline to myself, help managers to further tailor their reminder systems for Essay nursing school, their service and client groups. Health Services and Delivery Research - NIHR Journals Library. No evidence was found for the treatment of essay, apraxia of speech, a communication disorder that can affect stroke patients.

Patients with apraxia of speech know what they want to say, but are unable to carry out the speech movements due to their inability to Psychology, programme the required sequence. For example, a patient may be able to say goodbye when leaving someone (automatic), but not when asked to say goodbye out of essay, context (volitional). Several types of treatment interventions have been identified; however, we were unable to find any clinical trials of these. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries [Internet] - John Wiley Sons, Ltd. We reviewed the evidence on Financial and management accounting, the effects of non?speech oral motor treatment (NSOMT) for treating children with developmental speech sound disorders who have speech errors. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries [Internet] - John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Back pain and neck pain are among the most common symptoms prompting patients to seek care. Many treatments are used for back pain. Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is English a treatment option available in VA. In order to better understand the Essay editor uk potential role of SMT in treating acute back or neck pain, VA requested an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence. Evidence-based Synthesis Program - Department of Veterans Affairs (US).

We reviewed the evidence about the safety and effectiveness of English writers myself, gene therapy for treating people with haemophilia A or haemophilia B. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries [Internet] - John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Many people with Parkinson's disease suffer from disorders of speech. The most frequently reported speech problems are weak, hoarse, nasal or monotonous voice, imprecise articulation , slow or fast speech, difficulty starting speech, impaired stress or rhythm, stuttering and tremor. People with the condition also tend to give fewer non?verbal cues such as using facial expression to convey information. Paid Term Help. These disabilities tend to English writers myself, increase as the disease progresses and can lead to serious problems with communication.

Cochrane Database of Essay for you nursing school, Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries [Internet] - John Wiley Sons, Ltd. This review aimed to investigate if therapy is generally effective for children with dysarthria acquired early in life, and if certain types of therapy may be better than others. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries [Internet] - John Wiley Sons, Ltd. ? Spending time in a mineral bath compared to no treatment may improve pain and quality of English writers myself, life. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries [Internet] - John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Many people with Parkinson's disease suffer from Essay editor uk disorders of speech. The most frequently reported speech problems are weak, hoarse, nasal or monotonous voice, imprecise articulation , slow or fast speech, difficulty starting speech, impaired stress or rhythm, stuttering and tremor. People with the condition also tend to writers, give fewer non?verbal cues, such as facial expressions and hand gestures. These disabilities tend to Essay editor uk, increase as the disease progresses and English essay writers, can lead to serious problems with communication.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries [Internet] - John Wiley Sons, Ltd. This summary of a Cochrane review presents what we know from for you nursing school research about the essay writers myself effects of cold therapy as a therapeutic intervention right after total knee replacement surgery for patients with osteoarthritis. Financial And Management Assignment Wikipedia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries [Internet] - John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Myself. Low?back pain is a common and Essay editor uk, disabling disorder, representing a great burden both to the individual and English writers, society. It often results in Psychology a2 level aggression reduced quality of life, time lost from work, and substantial medical expense.

Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is English widely practised by a variety of Learn professional english use law pdf, healthcare professionals worldwide and is a common choice for essay myself, the treatment of low?back pain. The effectiveness of this form of therapy for the management of acute low?back pain is, however, not without dispute. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries [Internet] - John Wiley Sons, Ltd. We reviewed the evidence on term, the benefits and harms of balneotherapy (natural mineral waters, gases and mudpacks or spa therapy ) in writers myself people with rheumatoid arthritis. Balneotherapy is defined as bathing in natural mineral or thermal waters (e.g. mineral baths, sulphur baths, Dead Sea baths), using mudpacks or doing both.

Upon searching for all relevant studies up to December 2014, we found nine studies with 579 people. The quality of the evidence is very low mainly because of the Do college students have homework low number of participants in the studies and concerns about study designs. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries [Internet] - John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Rotator cuff disease is English a common cause of shoulder pain. People with rotator cuff disease often describe their pain as being worse at for you school night and exacerbated by movement in English specific directions including overhead activity.

It is often associated with loss of function and some people describe weakness. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries [Internet] - John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Frozen shoulder is a common cause of shoulder pain and stiffness. Psychology. The pain and stiffness can last up to two to essay myself, three years before going away, and in the early stages it can be very painful. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries [Internet] - John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Patient education programs, psychological therapy and Essay editor uk, cognitive behavioral therapy may help people with rheumatoid arthritis cope in everyday life. Different measures are often combined, such as relaxation techniques, stress management and strategies for expending strength and day-to-day planning. Informed Health Online [Internet] - Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG). ? there was not enough information in the included study to tell whether wearing a hand splint and performing exercises (continuous passive motion) after surgery improves hand function, relieves pain, or corrects deformity.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries [Internet] - John Wiley Sons, Ltd. To answer this question, scientists analysed 38 studies. English Essay Myself. The studies tested over 1700 people who had rheumatoid arthritis. People were either counseled, trained in skills or trained to move or do daily chores with less pain, taught to protect their joints , given splints, taught to use assistive devices, or had no therapy . Not all studies were high quality but this Cochrane Review provides the best evidence about occupational therapy that we have today. Cochrane Database of Paid term, Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries [Internet] - John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

Injection therapy is one of many treatments available for patients with subacute (longer than six weeks) and chronic (longer than 12 weeks) low?back pain. Writers. Where the injection is given, what drug is used and why the injection is given can all vary. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries [Internet] - John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

Jan 28, 2018 English essay writers myself, write my essay -

My Family Go Picnic At The Beach Essays and Research Papers. ?ShaTerrian Brown Mr. English Essay! Janky English 1301 9/23/2013 My First Trip to Paid papers help, Galveston Beach My family . has always wanted to take a trip down to Galveston during the torrid summer. It was an exciting feeling to get away from the English essay writers myself dry heated bustle of summer living in Dallas. Accounting Assignment! Every summer, my family packs up and hits the superhighway to our well awaited family vacation.

As we drove through city after city, it became apparent that the world around us was changing. As I was peering through the back seat. English-language films , Family , Father 961 Words | 3 Pages. Essay On My School Picnic For Class 1. Essay on essay writers my school picnic for class 1 Contributed By: Rose Johnson, class 7, Carmel School Kuwait. Rose. My father . And Management Accounting Wikipedia! always likes to speak about his childhood, especially when he scolds me. Essay Myself! Posted: September 2, 2014 in childrens writing ideas, Essays for Class 1- Class4, Kids essays, Less than 15 sentence essays, Once our school picnic was to a zoo. Completed application form, High School a picnic at seaside essay 9 class Transcript, Essay: Share a. Sep 25, 2011 - I am writing a profile essay on a.

Educational years , Essay , Fifth grade 1239 Words | 4 Pages. ? To Mr.V.M. Subrayen Acting Superintendent of Education Management Ward 141 Phoenix Central 05/05/2015 Re – Consent to undertake excursion – . Beach Walk Sir, Please see annexure A – Correspondence to parents. Please be informed that we are fully aware that we are supposed to have sought your permission to undertake this excursion at least one month prior to undertaking the said excursion, however, Sir, please bear with us for this default, as you are fully aware of our dismal plight in dealing. Informed consent , Learners , Money 929 Words | 3 Pages. you already know, is about my family . My family is Essay editor uk a nuclear family (a couple with . their unmarried children) of five. They are: ? My father, Jai Chand Prakash (Aged 40) ? My mother, Reshmi Babita Prakash (Aged 36) ? Myself, Raina Prakash (Aged 14) ? My little sister, Neha Prakash and (Aged 13) ? My brother, Jash Prakash (Aged 4) These are the Prakash Family members. Myself! There is also a family tree on term papers help page 4 for better understanding. My family resides in a house in English myself, Wainisasa. Extended family , Family , Father 1297 Words | 3 Pages.

Zhu April 26, 2013 My Favorite Place Have you ever thought about how the place you live seem to have lack of places to school, go ? . Myself! Is it really inconvenient to get to places? And sometimes when you go somewhere, you have to worry about the weather. Where would you go ? Whether it's your own home, small town, or a vacation site, everybody has a favorite place. Some people like loud places to have fun, while others like quite and serenity places to relax. If I had to choose my favorite place, it would. Climate , Ferris wheel , Meteorology 920 Words | 3 Pages. Family is where love begins and never ends.

Having someone to Essay nursing, love is writers myself family . Psychology A2 Level! Having somewhere to go is home and . having both is a blessing. My family unlike others is small. We enjoy spending time with each other and English myself making memories we will cherish forever. My mother had my brother at a very young age but unlike any other teenager at term her age she did what she thought it was right which was keeping my brother. Since that day my mother has worked very hard to essay, provide for me and my siblings. A year ago. English-language films , Family , Father 1377 Words | 3 Pages.

Why Is Family So Important? | Document Processing – BN 1228 | | | | Daisy Martinez | 4/16/2013 | | E ver heard . the saying, “blood is thicker than water”? If yes, you know it means no bond is tighter than your family . In our families we love, serve, teach, and learn from each other. We share our joys and and management assignment our sorrows. Family ties may bring us difficult challenges, but they also give us strength and some of English essay writers myself, our greatest happiness. Paid! Through my own personal perspective, if. Family , Family values , If You Have to Ask 1581 Words | 4 Pages.

? MY HOLY WEEK CELEBRATION During April we celebrated the Holy week. It is when Jesus Christ was crucified and died under Poncioplilate and rose . Writers Myself! again after three days. Hundreds of people belong to the church to get to the great unwashed, they prayed and Essay editor uk thanked Jesus for saving the world from sins and temptation. Essay Writers! There are many devoted and papers believe the English power of Jesus Christ. Have Homework! Perhaps processions are also held with prayers too. In that respect are different saints, showing up. From this day, probably. Beach , Holiday , Holy Week 960 Words | 2 Pages.

My Family vs the writers Traditional Family. Joshua Guillen Elchlepp English 101 6-30-13 My Family vs. Financial And Management Accounting Wikipedia! The Nuclear Family During the . 1950’s, the English ideal American family consisted of a homemaker mother, a breadwinner father, and a few children who all lived in a house in students have, the suburbs. The family was generally of Christian faith. The father would be the English essay writers myself sole provider who goes to work all day to Financial accounting assignment, make money to buy the families necessities while the mother would stay home all day, taking care of the English myself kids, prepare food, and. 1950s , Family , Father 942 Words | 3 Pages. Tipton September 15, 2014 Descriptive Narrative Family Ties that Bind “It’s not about having time it’s about making time”, a famous . quotation and theme I purposefully base my life on. I learned this way of Paid term help, living from English essay writers observing my parents. As a Southern family , my parents had only one income because my mother was a stay – at – home – mom. Help! We all learned that time well spent was precious. I am the essay eldest of and management accounting, four children, two girls and two boys.

My brother, two years younger than me, was terminally. Family , Mother , Paisley Park Records 1028 Words | 5 Pages. Vacation: Provinces of English, Vietnam and students have Family. Where do you go in this summer holiday? If you can't decide, I will share with you a place where I had the memoable with my . family . It's Nha Trang city. Nha Trang is a beautiful city. English Writers! The weather is quite hot but the beach is very nice. Paid Term! In the morning, my brother and me usually ride a bicycle around the city. The traffic in there isn't crazy like Hanoi, so you can feel more comfortable when you travel. If you travel to Nha Trang, you can't ignore Vinpearl.

My family had a extremely fun in there. Battle of English essay writers, Dien Bien Phu , Dien Bien Phu , District capitals in Vietnam 2082 Words | 5 Pages. Descriptive Essay- Beach , Vacation The place where I feel most comfortable is a place where I am calm. A place that is Paid papers peaceful in its own . ways. It is the place to go to myself, get away from Paid help all my troubles. It is the one place where I could sit forever, and never get tired of just staring into English writers myself the deepest blue I have ever seen. It is the term help place where I can sit and think the best. Essay Writers Myself! A place where nothing matters but what is in that little moment. The one place capable of sending my senses into an overload.

Brookhaven, New York , Causality , Descriptive statistics 775 Words | 4 Pages. management. A hard working people have not their personal time, because they spent most of time doing their job. They usually start job in the early morning . and Do college students do it until night. Moreover, this problem causes a numerous influence in essay writers, the family man. Accounting Assignment Wikipedia! The relationship in their family will be quite distant so far, because the parents pay more attention to their job than take care their children. On the other hand, it brings about the English essay myself enormous negative effects in term of students have homework, health. There are many disease that are. Asthma , Cough , England 1033 Words | 4 Pages. I frequently visited in my youth that hold special memories for me. English Essay! The two places are Myrtle Beach , South Carolina, and . Gatlinburg, Tennessee.

When I was very young and english pdf lived in South Florida, my family would make our yearly two-week vacation to our home in Boone, NC. English Myself! Each year, this trip included a visit to Gatlinburg. I hold very special memories of these trips and still love to visit the Gatlinburg area. When I moved to North Carolina in my late teens, Myrtle Beach was the Psychology a2 level aggression vacation and summer. Dolly Parton , Great Smoky Mountains , Great Smoky Mountains National Park 1155 Words | 2 Pages.

takes to become a Beach Lifeguard” (Introduction) When you arrive at the beach you will usually see the lifeguard either . standing in his tower or talking to people attending the beach . People don’t pay much mind to the guard the rest of the myself day unless of course, you need help. (Thesis) The truth is many people that attend the beach don’t know how hard it is to Essay editor uk, keep tens of thousands of English myself, people safe at and management wikipedia the beach every year. This speech will take you into what being a beach lifeguard is all about. Brotherhood , Drowning , English-language films 927 Words | 2 Pages. I grew up in a nuclear family . There are four people in English essay writers, my family , consists of Paid term papers, my father, mother, . my sister and writers me. Paid Term Papers Help! My father is 62 years old. He’s working as a insurance agent. My mother is 10 years younger than my father. She used to work as a store manager before she gave birth to me. She quitted her job in order to take care of me and my sister because she believes that the mother daughter bond can grow stronger day by English day by Essay editor uk spending time with us. My sisters and I are four years apart.

She is. Family , Father , Mother 1888 Words | 5 Pages. Family Analysis Paper from Family Interventions both formal and informal. Introduction: My . family shows signs of being a healthy family for English myself the most part with a few exceptions. The biggest exception is that the individuals are not assigned to particular roles. Essay Editor Uk! This means that our roles as individuals provide organized chaos as we rotate from situation to situation. These role rotations allow my family to experience both enmeshment and disengagement.

An example of this would be when. Family , Father , Individual 1040 Words | 3 Pages. physically appearance (as opposed to dancing ability) in the dance world? Do you agree with the prevailing attitude? Why or why not? Mikaela Esquivel . Advanced Dance Silver 2 Topic 9 Physical appearance Introduction: Include a hook (Grab my attention! Make me want to myself, read on!), summary of the Financial accounting topic (Why are you writing – give me an overview, nothing specific), and English essay a thesis statement (e.g. “There are three differences between dance and an aesthetic sport, [1], [2], [3]…”) Topic 1 –. Dance , Greek loanwords , Psychology 392 Words | 3 Pages.

My Summer Vacation My summer vacation was really fun and I enjoyed every minute of Essay for you school, it. The first day of my . Summer vacation was boring, but I knew it would be because it was the first day. I spent Almost my entire summer vacation with Astrid and English essay writers my cousin as well as my family . The first thing I wanted to do was to go to the beach . I ended up going to the beach , but it Was when Tania invited me to come out of a video for Essay her fifteen and I of writers myself, course I said Yes. As well as Astrid. Angelo Badalamenti , Coming out , Cousin 501 Words | 3 Pages. Running head: WILDER DESTINATION Destination: Myrtle Beach , SC Dezarae Wilder Professor Eva Smith: HTM100 Spring 2011 May 1, 2011 . Destination: Myrtle Beach , SC I. Why do tourists visit Myrtle Beach , SC? Myrtle Beach , SC is Financial and management wikipedia a prime location for tourists any time of the year. It's location on the eastern coastline of the United States is in between North Carolina and Georgia.

It is the English essay writers myself first state on Interstate 95 South that travelers see Palm Trees. Their average temperature is papers about. Grand Strand , Horry County, South Carolina , Myrtle Beach, South Carolina 936 Words | 3 Pages. My favorite place, Capurgana. 1. Description Hist.background of the place. the Kuna Indians were the first inhabitants until the . twentieth century that were displaced by settlers black-mulatto who came from the city of Cartagena .in 1970 one built the airport is named after its founder Narcisa Navas, so came the first tourists and myself families build summer homes. One built in 1975 after the Essay editor uk first hotel and others like Almar and Calypso, and already by 1990 there were more than 20 hotels. Colombia , English-language films , Hotel 575 Words | 3 Pages.

My Hobby My full name is English Zuebadreita Binti Badruldin but all my friends called me Reita. Learn Professional Pdf! What I am going to essay myself, tell . here is not about my self but basically is about my hobby. I know that everybody have their own interest or hobby and and management assignment wikipedia what I am going to English writers myself, share here is all about my hobbies, what I like to do most during my leisure time. First of all, I like reading. I like to read novel and mostly a story about love and life. Psychology Help! If I start to essay myself, read the novel, I can’t stop reading it because it’s make. 2007 singles , Cooking , Feeling 824 Words | 3 Pages. Sunset on a Beach The sun peaked through the Essay editor uk horizon, if saying a final goodbye to this California beach bed. English Writers! Before leaving she . gave me a gift of pure peace and serenity. Holding my eyes prisoner to the heavenly sight she put in front of me. Essay Editor Uk! While my feet were held into English writers the grainy sand in desperate need of warmth and the smell of salt invading my nostrils.

The beach is warm, with a captivating view, and has pure peace. Paid Term Papers Help! The beach is English writers myself where my problems and stressed are released, where nothing goes. Beach , Bikini , Sun 1048 Words | 3 Pages. My Extended Family By Amy Markle Composition I It seems like yesterday all the kids where little and needed me all the . Students Have! time. English Essay! Now Francesca is married, with children, Kaitlin is living on her own with her daughter, and JJ and April live with them. I feel like it was only the other day we were all crowding around the dinner table having a nice family meal, while John their father was off who knows where, drunk, high, spending money he didn’t really have to even spend. Learn English Use Law Pdf! I stop and think how these.

Aerosmith , Family , Father-in-law 1216 Words | 3 Pages. Where Should We Go for Summer Vacation. Where should we go for end of English essay writers myself, summer trip? Vacations were never something I took. I remember as a child my . English Pdf! family took two vacations one was a trip to Hershey Park and the other was a trip to King’s Dominion Virginia. I remember that trip to Hershey Park really well because I really enjoyed it. Essay Writers! We took the tour of the factory, and it smelled absolutely yummy. The other vacation was a week’s trip to King’s Dominion; yes it was still called that back then.

We left King’s Dominion, and went to. Beach , Google , Horry County, South Carolina 1726 Words | 4 Pages. 9:25/11 Paper #3 My Perception on Essay editor uk Family Ugh, my life, my life, my life! Where are . the ones that are supposed to essay, be here regardless? Where are the Financial and management ones that I’m supposed to writers, turn to in my time of need? Family , aren’t they supposed to be the ones that you can count on when no one else is accounting assignment wikipedia there? I guess, but then comes the questions that continually play over in my head, why did things turned out the way it did? Why couldn’t I have been dished out a life that glitters? Why did my mother and father. Biology , Family , Kingdom 1346 Words | 4 Pages. The Story Behind a Boring Beach Story.

following stories; a boring Beach Story, Morning Story, A Cold Day Story. Then read the exciting ones. Morning Time I woke up this . morning and knew it was going to be a good day. I got dressed in my favorite outfit. I brushed my teeth. I brushed my hair. Then I went downstairs and ate my breakfast. Writers! Then I went outside and waited for the bus. I rode the bus to school. When I got to Essay editor uk, school, something was different.

Morning Time Beep! Beep! Beep! My alarm clock woke me out of. Beach , Sense 1432 Words | 10 Pages. Essay 2: My Idea of the Ideal Family It amazes me how things change. Essay Writers! When I was young I wanted a big family ; now I . Accounting! feel lucky to have any family , but want everyone to be family . The way everything in writers myself, life is constantly changing, what I believed as a child, even though it may be distorted in many ways now, but the basic concept I had of the world being a wonderful place, people getting along, being happy and good conquering evil is still very much alive.

As life has progressed and so much has changed. Biology , Change , English-language films 1466 Words | 4 Pages. ?Tania Vega English 115 Professor Voorhis October 4, 2013 My Path, My Anchor, My Life, My . Family Family is homework broadly defined. It can be perceived as a vile illusion—the mere presence of English myself, a mother and father whom lack the ability to care for, love, and nurture their child. Financial Assignment Wikipedia! Family also has the English writers myself power to symbolize happiness and strength: a mother and Essay nursing father who desire the happiness and success of their child far greater than their own. These loving, caring, nurturing parents set their personal ambitions. Ethics , Family , Father 1471 Words | 4 Pages. my favorite summer vacation getaways.

vacation outside of the United States? Vacations can be very enjoyable, fun, and English myself memorable. There are many different vacation destinations that attract . Paid Help! visitors and tourists today. Two of essay myself, my favorite vacations were during the summer months following my completion of fifth and sixth grade. Psychology Help! When I was in fifth grade, our family vacationed at the Atlantis Resort in the Bahamas. We went to Wildwood Crest, New Jersey the English myself following year after I completed sixth grade. These destinations are similar in many ways. Atlantic Ocean , Christopher Columbus , New Jersey 918 Words | 3 Pages.

My Role in Psychology aggression, the Family Every man and woman, boy and essay writers girl, possesses a certain role within their family . Despite . the professional pdf frequently used titles of sister or daughter, my role in the family delves much deeper than that; I am more than just a daughter to my mother, a sister to English essay, my elder sibling, and the baby of the family ; I bring a sense of comfort, comedy, and completion to it. I am the confidant, the best friend, and the final child who completes the family to a satisfactory degree. Financial And Management Wikipedia! My role of the sarcastically. Bedroom , Family , Father 1548 Words | 4 Pages. September 8, 2013 English comp 1 Narrative Essay My Summer Vacation My summer started . on the day I graduated. Essay Myself! At first it was a little sad to me because it had meant that my high school years were over and I wouldn’t be able to see all my friends as much anymore. I soon figured out that it wasn’t as bad as I thought it would be. Yes it meant that I wouldn’t be seeing my friends as much anymore but I turned 18 six days after graduation. I had more.

Angelo Badalamenti , Aunt , Cousin 1056 Words | 3 Pages. “Sabrina. It’s time to go on our family reunion. Are you packed?” Aunt Zelda yelled. “She is going to be so psyched when she . And Management Accounting! figures out the family secret!” She said to Aunt Hilda. I lived with both my aunts because my father is always doing something in the galaxy and essay writers myself because there is the fact that my mother will turn to wax if she sees me because she is Essay for you nursing school mortal. “I’m coming; I was just deciding which shoes to wear. Should I wear these or these?” I said holding up two different pairs of. Cat , Family , Hilda Spellman 1511 Words | 4 Pages. expectations My life was always somehow controlled by the expectations and the wishes of other. Families who immigrated . to the United States from other countries don’t easily merge with the American life. That would directly affect the English essay lives of their children who grew up in the United States. I was one of those people who practically grew up in this country but my family with their old culture still affected my life.

Religiousness, high family expectation and for you nursing school strict family rules affected my life for. Expectation , Expected value , Faith 1084 Words | 5 Pages. ? My family consists of only four members, my mom, my two brothers and me. English Essay Writers Myself! It was bigger when . Learn! my dad was alive. He died from a cardiac arrest when I was nearly four, not realizing how tragic and irrevocable the event of his death was for my mom and essay writers my siblings, I could not utter even a tear, I was not being merciless or cruel toward my father, for I loved him so much and tried to Financial and management assignment, spend as much as time with him as I could.

My mother became a single parent at 29 with three children. Time goes by. English-language films , Family , Father 877 Words | 2 Pages. that you cant find something to do and if your like me either stuck at school or work your wishing you were outside enjoying the beautiful weather. There is writers myself . so many reasons why summer is my favorite season of the year but mostly because of the warm weather, spending more time with family , and Paid help of course our annual beach trip. The first thing I think of when I think of summer is the weather. The warm weather is English essay myself perfect for term help outdoor activities like the English writers waterpark or pool for the kids and the river or grilling.

2008 singles , Climate , Rain 1007 Words | 4 Pages. My Unforgettable Experience with My Family. Ma. Aleli M. Rustia PSC21 My Unforgettable Experience with my Family This was the moment when we were down, . helpless, and totally disappointed after we tried hard to a2 level help, earn a name for our family . This was the moment when my mother and essay myself other members of the help family tried to English essay, console my father to be calm and not to be desperate at all. We advised him also to be positive in everything he does and always believe that there is always sunshine after the rain. This was also the moment of struggling, in search. Leave , Leave of absence 1934 Words | 5 Pages. My first experience in Honolulu, Hawaii was really,really exciting and unforgettable. It's a beautiful and tropical land full of . wildlife and amazing things. For example the languages of the many tribes spoken there are different.

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A Few General Facts about How To Write 5 Paragraph Essay ? In general, the 5-paragraph essay is regarded as the typical essay writing task. This type of essay is English essay utilized in the majority of well-established examinations, like TOEFL, IELTS or SAT. Seeing as in the majority of such examinations you need to Paid help stick to a time limit when it comes to English finishing the “Writing” part, it’s advisable to learn the structure of the 5-paragraph essay by heart. This way, you’ll be able to complete the exam swiftly and Essay editor uk, efficiently. The best feature of this format is the fact that it can be used for essay writers myself, a large variety of and management assignment wikipedia, essays, such as Expository, Narrative, Persuasive, Cause and Effect or Persuasive essays. 5-Paragraph Essay Subject Examples. Here are a few of the most recurrent subjects on which students write 5-paragraph essays: Is an individual able to memorize a life lesson from an English myself event they weren’t part of? Is one able to learn from the errors of Psychology aggression, other individuals? Is it moral to conduct experiments on animals?

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Deafblind People, Communication, Independence, and Isolation. Marion Hersh; Deafblind People, Communication, Independence, and English essay writers Isolation, The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education , Volume 18, Issue 4, 1 October 2013, Pages 446–463, https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/ent022. Download citation file: © 2017 Oxford University Press. This paper discusses issues related to communication, independence, and Psychology help isolation for an understudied group of deaf people who also have visual impairments. The discussion is based on the experiences of English writers 28 deafblind people in 6 different countries, obtained from interviews that were carried out Learn use law pdf, as part of a larger research project on travel issues. English Essay Writers. However, the similarities in experiences between countries were stronger than the differences. In particular, barriers to communication and inadequate support, with resulting problems of isolation and depression, were found in all the countries. Equally, deafblind people in all the countries were interested in Financial and management accounting assignment wikipedia being involved in and contributing to society and supporting other people, particularly through organizations of blind and essay writers deafblind people. This runs counter to the tendency to present deafblind and other disabled people purely as recipients of support rather than also as active participants in society.

However, there were some differences in the support available in the different countries. This paper discusses issues related to term papers help, communication, independence, and English essay myself isolation for an understudied group of deaf people who also have visual impairments. Financial Accounting Wikipedia. The discussion is based on the experiences of 28 deafblind people in six different countries, with the term deafblind used here for people with some degree of combined hearing and visual impairment. Data were obtained from interviews that were carried out as part of a larger research project on travel issues for deafblind, blind, and visually impaired people. English Essay Writers Myself. The results reported in this paper are based on term interviews with 27 deafblind people and the mother of a deafblind autistic woman. This paper is one of a series of three discussing the experiences of deafblind people reported in these interviews. English Myself. The other two papers consider stigma and the use of and management assignment wikipedia assistive devices and travel issues, respectively.

The themes of communication, independence, and isolation were chosen as they emerged as important high-level themes from the coding discussed in essay myself the Coding and Analysis of the Interviews section. In addition, communication is Do college students, likely to be a particularly important issue for deafblind people, due to the significance of both hearing and writers myself vision for communication by non-disabled people, leading to Do college homework, possible barriers, exclusion, and English writers isolation. The fact that many deafblind people need support with communication, access to information, and mobility (Bodsworth, Clare, Simblett, Deafblind UK, 2011; Sense and Deafblind UK, 1999) gives rise to the risk that other people may with the best of intentions act as gatekeepers and reduce the control deafblind people have over their own lives, making independence an for you important issue for them. The paper is organized into four main sections and English laid out as follows. It is Essay editor uk, introduced by writers myself an overview of the literature on Paid term papers deafblind people with particular reference to essay writers, communication and isolation, depression, and independence, support and overprotection in subsections of Paid term papers help this section. The next section presents the methodology, and the section following it presents the main results and discusses interviewees’ communication strategies and experiences, oral communication, isolation, and support and English essay myself independence. Conclusions are given in final section. Communication can be considered a process of interaction involving the use of signals that are observed and english pdf interpreted by English writers myself the recipient to transfer meaning (Bjerkan, 1996). Intentional communication requires the desire to communicate, having something to say and Financial and management someone to English essay writers, say it to, and an understanding that communication is use law, meaningful (Hathazi, 2005). The following features of communication are considered important (Bruce, 2010; Miles Riggio, 1999): the English myself type of receptive and expressive modes of communication, for papers, example, speech or sign language; the perceived intent of the message; the message; and the context, including the physical environment and the characteristics of the communication partners. Deafblind people are both very varied in their communication requirements due to differences in the extent, type, and history of their sensory impairments; personal characteristics and the skills they have (been encouraged to) develop(ed); and as varied as the general population on a wide range of characteristics, including interests.

The interpersonal communication languages and approaches used by deafblind people include the essay following: Tactile sign languages: The deafblind person holds the other person’s wrists and feels their movements as they sign. Deafblind manual alphabets: spelling using signs to represent the alphabet. There are two main approaches: The speaker signs the letter onto the listener’s flat palm; the listener puts their hand over the speaker’s vertical hand and feels the movements of their fingers. Both approaches are quicker than Spartan. Tadoma: The deafblind person puts one hand on the other person’s chin, lips, or throat to feel their movements as they speak. The deafblind block alphabet (Spartan): drawing block capital letters onto the palm. Finger Braille: typing onto six fingers as a Braille keyboard. Sign language and speech give about the same speed of communication, whereas finger Braille, deafblind manual alphabets, and Spartan are considerably slower, with finger Braille the Psychology help aggression fastest and Spartan the essay myself slowest. Accounting Assignment. However, Spartan is the simplest for hearing and English essay myself sighted people to use and requires only basic literacy, but no special training. Essay Editor Uk. Sign language, deafblind manual alphabets, and finger Braille are more efficient than Spartan, but can only be used with a much smaller group of English myself people, such as family, close friends, interpreters, and members of the relatively small tactile signing community.

Inaccessible environments and the various factors that restrict the Essay editor uk activities of deafblind people may also reduce the range of topics they are able to English writers, communicate about. Do College Students. There is a relative limited literature on communication issues (and isolation) of deafblind people, but the focus has frequently been on the (limitations of) the deafblind person’s communication strategies rather than the English communication being considered a two-way process with equal importance given to the ability of have their communication partner(s) to pay attention to and understand the deafblind person (Hart, 2010), as well as the need to overcome attitudinal, infrastructural, and English essay other accessibility barriers. The nature of these barriers and the extent of the isolation that can occur as a result are indicated by a blog by a deafblind woman (Hill, 2010), which talks of “ostracism” of people who are “different”: people with a hearing impairment feeling “segregated, separated, left out and ostracized” and hearing people “not want[ing] to take the Psychology perceived extra effort to communicate with them.” The fear of ostracism, in this case by friends, was also expressed by older deafblind people participating in focus groups (Lejeune, 2010). A further illustration is English essay writers, provided by the first person account of an 87-year-old deafblind woman (Gribs, Dougherty, du Pre, 1995). Psychology Aggression. Other than her niece’s husband who had deaf parents, her family did not know sign language and the people in her building who had learnt sign language had forgotten it. The details of the English essay barriers experienced may depend on the deafblind person’s communication strategies and available sensory modalities. For instance, deafblind people who use touch to communicate will require close proximity to both communicate and Do college students obtain information about the world and the context and the interactions of other people, and information about the world beyond their finger tips to be interpreted for them (Miles Riggio, 1999). If this contextual information is not provided, they will find it difficult to engage in meaningful communication even if spoken communications are interpreted for them. Congenitally deafblind people who use tactile communication may require assistance from support workers to myself, interact with each other, as they otherwise may not perceive or be able to interpret some communications (van der Heijden, 2009). Term Papers. Deafblind people who use spoken language may not follow shifts in conversation unless the new subject is explicitly introduced, as understanding is generally facilitated by knowing what is being talked about.

Otherwise, they may withdraw to writers, avoid saying something inappropriate (Miles Riggio, 1999). Misunderstandings of the communication needs of deafblind people can lead to students, them being erroneously labelled as cognitively impaired (Bodsworth et al., 2011; Brennen, Horowitz, Su, 2005). People who become deafblind in adult life may experience particular difficulties due to a combination of reluctance to admit their hearing impairment and English essay myself a lack of term help knowledge and experience of how to communicate effectively as a deafened person. The communication barriers experienced by English essay older deafened people may be misattributed to depression or dementia. Several studies have shown that older deafblind people frequently experience communication breakdowns and for you find it particularly difficult to engage in conversation in noisy surroundings or groups (Heine Browning, 2003). Communication barriers may lead to family and friends becoming frustrated and the deafened person feeling vulnerable and isolated, not knowing what is English, happening and Learn english withdrawing from social activity (du Feu Fergusson, 2003) or engaging in aggressive or self-harming behaviors (Janssen, 2003). A U.S. Essay Writers. study of for you nursing deafblind young people found indications that half of them did not use symbol-based communication, such as tactile alphabets, sign, and spoken language (Petroff, 1999), whether due to lack of access, lack of teaching, or additional impairments (Goethelf Brown, 1996). Deaf signers who become deafblind are likely to essay, adopt tactile signing.

There are several areas, including the Cajun Triangle of Louisiana, Seattle, and Boston, in the USA with relatively high concentrations of deafblind people who use tactile signing and regular opportunities for them to interact with each other and other tactile signers (Petronino Dively, 2006). However, outside such communities, the experience of Essay editor uk transition to English writers myself, tactile signing may be less positive and there may only Psychology a2 level aggression be limited opportunities to essay myself, communicate using tactile signing. Essay Editor Uk. This gives rise to essay myself, questions about the for you nursing school necessary conditions to support a tactile signing community with regard to factors such as available resources, organizational structures, and numbers or population density of tactile signers. Barriers to communication, information, and mobility can have serious emotional and social consequences, restrict informed decision making, and English essay writers reduce functional independence and the ability to perform daily living tasks (Bodsworth et al., 2011; Brennen et al., 2005; DoH, 1997). Nursing. Barriers to interacting with their environments, particularly for deafblind people who communicate through touch, may lead to high levels of myself stress and/or difficulties in Paid papers remaining focused. In a study of deafblind young people, a third of their parents believed they would benefit from a personalized activity plan to provide sensory input (Petroff, 2010). There is essay writers, a need for the development of more assistive devices to Do college students homework, support communication, additional guide-communicators, and writers training for hearing and Paid papers help sighted people in communicating with deafblind people. However, factors such as high costs, lack of English writers available training, and Essay editor uk lack of knowledge of what is available can restrict access to assistive devices.

For instance, it took 3 years for one of English essay writers Schneider’s (2006) respondents to obtain 5 one-to-one computer lessons. Several studies have shown that deafblind people have (signifcantly) higher rates of depressive symptoms and depression than people without sensory impairments or with a single sensory impairment (Bodsworth et al., 2011; Saunders Echt, 2007) and that both single and dual sensory impairments are strongly associated with depression in people over 50 (Capella-McDonnall, 2005; Chou, 2008). However, other studies have found that visual impairment, but not deafblindness, is associated with depression (Bazargan, Baker, Bazargan, 2001; Chou Chi, 2004). Communication difficulties and the lack of social support have been identified as the main risk factors for depression in elderly deafblind people. Other factors include social isolation, the feelings of reduced self-confidence and security frequently experienced by people with sensory impairments (Mind, 2004), loss of independence, and other people’s negative attitudes (Bodsworth et al., 2011; Brennen et al., 2005). Studies have shown that activity, including physical activity, reduces depression and Psychology help that a reduction in activities can lead to essay, an increase in depressive symptoms, with a reduction in activity believed to be one of the ways in which sensory impairment leads to a2 level help, depression (McDonnall, 2009). English Myself. However, older adults who become sensory impaired frequently experience disruption of social activities and a change in their type and frequency (Heine Browning, 2002). Reduced participation of about 10% in social and community activities has been reported in deafblind people over 70 (Saunders Echt, 2007). It has also been suggested that it may be the quality rather than the quantity of professional use law activities that is reduced (Clark, Bond, Sanchez, 1999), though this can be just as or even more serious than a reduction in quantity. (Deaf)blind children and young people are likely to English myself, have limited opportunities for involvement in physical activities and pdf education at school due to overprotection by parents and teachers, limited expectations of their abilities, and concerns about risks to themselves and others (Lieberman Houston-Wilson, 1999).

This can impact on their independence and ability to take part in sports and other leisure activities later. A lack of self-acceptance and acceptance by family can also contribute to low self-esteem and depression. Focus groups have found (Lejeune, 2010) that many deafblind people over 70 are unwilling to let other people know or possibly even accept themselves that they have a second sensory impairment, as well as wanting to protect their families from this knowledge. For instance, one long-term visually impaired man had a hearing aid for essay writers, 12 years before using it due to reluctance to accept his additional hearing impairment. Independence, Support, and Overprotection. The Deafblind Persons’ Charter (quoted in DoH, 1997) notes that deafblind people are members of the community with the right to participate fully in society, have many skills and abilities that should be developed, and need services to avoid isolation. Equation of independence to the ability to carry out basic tasks may lead to many deafblind people unnecessarily being labelled and treated as dependent. Other approaches to independence link it to autonomy and homework self-determination. Self-determination is about having agency in one’s life and being able to take action to maintain or improve its quality (Wehmeyer, 2005) and involves making choices and decisions, setting and attaining goals, solving problems, and self-awareness, advocacy and efficacy (Wood, Fowler, Uphold, Test, 2005). Independence can be defined as “control of their life and English writers myself choosing how that life is Essay editor uk, led …. Myself. (and) the amount of control they have over their everyday routine” (Brisenden, 1986).

The barriers to and management accounting, self-determination have been categorized into attitudes, limited choices, and lack of experience (Adams, 1993), to which I would add poorly designed and writers inaccessible infrastructures, resources, and facilities. It has further been suggested that interdependence is a more appropriate concept because we are all dependent on each other (Reindal, 1999), that independence and interdependence represent two ends of a continuum and that interdependence allows disabled people to become “vital contributors to Financial and management accounting, their communities” (White, Simpson, Gonda, Ravensloot, Coble, 2010). This then leads to the idea that disabled people are made dependent when they are prevented by social, attitudinal, infrastructural, and other barriers from contributing to society or this contribution is English essay, not valued. The negative and Essay editor uk sometimes patronizing attitudes that impede independence of essay writers deafblind people are illustrated by the experiences of the 87-year-old deafblind woman mentioned above, who left a day center where “the clients were treated like babies” to learn outdoor mobility, cooking, and sewing (Gribs et al., 1995). Deafblind people frequently require support to overcome the barriers to independence and a2 level help active participation in society, including from other people’s attitudes, lack of experience, and inaccessible or only partially accessible environments (Adams, 1993; Wehmeyer, 2005). Family members and professionals can support self-determination by behaving in ways that show they know that deafblind adults can make decisions about their own lives. However, informed decision making also requires access to information and resources and good communication conditions (Parker, Bruce, Spiers, Ressa, Davidson, 2010). Deafblind people may require “webs of myself support,” preferably involving people who are able to communicate with them and sustain this communication, but also try to do as much as possible without support in term order to be independent of other people (Schneider, 2006). Large-scale studies of deafblind people (Bodsworth et al., 2011; Sense and Deafblind UK, 1999) have found that the majority of them required one-to-one support with communication, accessing information, and/or mobility, and English essay writers were receiving some sort of support. However, informal support from family members was more frequent than formal support from professionals or volunteers, and a2 level help aggression there was a demand for essay writers myself, more formal support.

Of the respondents in the Sense and Paid term Deafblind UK (1999) study, 42% felt that they were “prisoners in essay their own homes” and lacked help and support even from their own families. Psychology Help Aggression. However, support from families can lead recipients to feel they are a burden, thereby increasing anxiety and depression and reducing self-esteem (Bodsworth et al., 2011), and changing the nature of relationships to one of dependency rather than equality. Deafblind young people rarely receive the support necessary for success as adults. For instance, U.S. studies (Petroff, 1999, 2010) found that young deafblind school-leavers were unlikely to myself, live independently or participate in further or higher education and had limited experience of community life and few close relationships outside the family and paid workers, though there had been some positive changes between the two studies. Financial Accounting Wikipedia. This reduced their chances of myself developing a social support network and accessing community facilities (Gee, 1994). The majority of the parents wanted their deafblind children to continue living with them, and 24% of them did not expect them to work. Deafblind older people also lack support. For instance, focus groups have found (Lejeune, 2010) that many deafblind people over 70 felt abandoned by service delivery programs and that people with a long-term hearing or visual impairment who developed a second sensory impairment later in life had little knowledge of appropriate services. Many older deafblind people felt that professionals did not understand their needs, and fear and anxiety prevented them investigating potentially useful resources.

A number of older respondents felt that the second impairment had resulted in job loss, due to a combination of employer attitudes, including expectations they would retire, lack of Essay editor uk support to adjust to being deafblind, and problems with hearing aids. Deafblind children and young people risk overprotection from their parents, whereas older deafblind people may be overprotected by essay their children. Several researchers have noted (e.g., Janssen, Riksen-Walraven, Van Dijk, 2002) that deafblind children are at risk of Learn professional use law overdependence and learned helplessness. They also have an increased likelihood of depression and problems of self-regulation due to more problematical interactions with caregivers. Many older deafblind people are concerned about pressures from adult children and other family members to reduce their independence and move to more structured or protected living situations. The mismatch between their desires for continued independence and the perceived attempts of family to reorganize their lives may lead to English, family discord (Lejeune, 2010). Although the literature focuses on the needs of deafblind people for support, there are also some examples of them providing support to other people, though this area is Financial, under-researched. This includes deafblind people acting as carers for essay myself, relatives (Schneider, 2006). The results reported here were obtained from semistructured interviews with 27 deafblind people and the mother of a deafblind autistic woman, which were carried out as part of a larger research project on travel issues for blind, partially sighted, and deafblind people. Methodologies for surveying deafblind and other groups of disabled people are incomplete and an accepted best procedure has not yet been developed. This is more complicated than surveying the general population, due to the smaller numbers and the fact that readily accessible public lists very rightly do not indicate disability status.

Contacts for interviews were obtained through organizations and other researchers. The experience of each deafblind person is unique, but the experiences described here are illustrative of those of deafblind people in general. Language Use and Interview Locations. I carried out all the interviews as sole researcher and was able to use my fluency in French, Italian, Polish, Spanish (and English) to carry out interviews in these languages directly with the deafblind person without an interpreter. The direct contact with the participants reduced the likelihood of misinterpretation and distortion and may have helped to build rapport with them. In the case of participants using tactile or visual sign language or tactile alphabets, sign language interpreters were used. This included interpretation from Polish tactile and visual sign language to Psychology a2 level, Polish, and from Czech sign language to English. One interview in sign language and one in tactile sign language were interpreted by family members, and three other interviews with tactile communicators had two stages of interpretation, to sign language and from sign language to tactile alphabets informal tactile signs, with the second stage carried out by family members.

Although I always addressed my questions to the deafblind person, rather than the family member (or interpreter), family members generally answered in the third person. English Writers. In some cases, it was difficult to elucidate whether the family member was providing their own opinions or those of the deafblind person. In a few cases, a friend or relative of the participant was present and, when necessary, repeated what I said to Essay editor uk, account for difficulties in understanding due to my voice being both unfamiliar (which is generally difficult for myself, deaf people) and having a strong accent. The languages and interpretation used are summarized in Table 1. Languages used in the interviews. Other than four interviews in England, three of which were carried out by telephone and one using computer-based textphone software, I travelled to the participants’ locations in their countries for face-to-face interviews. These interviews took place in the office of an organization or another convenient location for the participant. The interviews varied in length from 30min to three-and-a-half hours, depending on the issues that arose and the amount of time the participant had available.

Interviews: Structure, Themes, Flow, and Recording. The interviews were semistructured, as they were based on a list of topics or themes, but the details of which questions were posed, how they were formulated, and the sequence in which they were posed were dependent on factors related to the participants, and Paid term help the response format was open (Boeije, 2010). This type of writers semistructured approach was chosen as it provided both enough structure to papers help, ensure that all relevant topics were covered and sufficient flexibility to enable issues raised by the participants to be explored and the balance of time spent on different topics to be varied. It also increased the likelihood of participants discussing their own experiences, opinions, and preferences rather than reflecting back mine, and presenting the world from their perspective (Boeije, 2010). I originally wrote the list of essay topics in French, as France was the first country in which I carried out interviews.

I then translated these topics into Polish, English, Italian, and Spanish. Do College Have. Because the topics were intended to provide a framework for the interviews (and act as a memory aid to essay, ensure I did not miss anything) rather than provide a detailed list of Essay editor uk questions, I considered it sufficient to English writers myself, obtain equivalent meanings in the different languages and did not consider it necessary to carry out detailed procedures to ensure that the different translations were linguistically equivalent. In line with practice in qualitative interviewing (Boeije, 2010), the school list of topics was modified and additional topics and/or subtopics added as the research progressed to English essay writers myself, enable me to explore issues in more detail or as additional issues arose. The aim of the interviews was to obtain rich data and to explore issues relating to the themes. The interview strategy was designed to encourage participants to term papers, talk, including by English essay writers trying to Essay editor uk, ensure that the interview conversation flowed easily. English Essay. This meant that, other than the first question, there was no particular fixed order to the questions. Although the wording varied, the first question was on the lines of “Could you start by introducing yourself, saying a bit about yourself, what you do, your interests and the sort of travelling and getting about you do.” This had two aims: to encourage the professional english pdf participant to start talking and to English writers, obtain information on which to base follow-up questions. In a few cases, participants did not like this open-ended approach and and management asked for clarification which I provided. However, in most cases it was successful. Some participants talked extensively about themselves, whereas others provided brief answers. In the first case, after they had provided enough information to provide the basis for several follow-up questions and talked for a sufficient length to feel comfortable with talking and answering questions, I used a pause in the conversation to ask a follow-up question, for instance, about the types of places they travelled to, details of their visual and hearing impairments, or additional information and writers myself clarification of Essay editor uk one of the English writers myself topics they had referred to in the first answer.

In the for you nursing second case, I encouraged the participant to provide additional information about themselves before asking a follow-up question. Essay. In many cases, participants raised a number of topics of interest to me in their answers, and I had to make decisions about which topic to ask about first and Psychology a2 level help aggression which ones to return to essay writers myself, later. In deciding on subsequent questions, I aimed to give the for you nursing school interview a natural conversational flow. Therefore, these questions asked for additional details or clarification of the previous answer, raised a related topic or referred to issues raised earlier in the conversation by English essay myself the participant, and asked for further information about them. The topics covered in the interviews were interesting and important to the participants, and I am an attentive and very focused listener.

These factors encouraged participants to talk freely and Essay editor uk share their experiences (Boeije, 2010). Before ending each interview, I checked the list of English topics to ensure that I had covered all of those that were relevant to the particular participant. All the interviews were recorded on Essay editor uk a digital recorder and transcribed by a native speaker of the relevant language without translation. English Myself. The Czech interviews were transcribed by a person who was very fluent in both English and term help Czech, and essay writers both languages were transcribed to allow me to compare the help translations with the original. The analysis was based on the original language transcripts of the recordings.

Other than noting the eagerness of the participants who used tactile communication methods or sign language to communicate with me directly after the English essay writers interviews despite my very poor tactile communication and signing skills, I did not note participants’ non-verbal behaviors. Coding and Analysis of the Interviews. Software was not used in the analysis and coding for Paid papers, a number of reasons, including the multilingual nature of the material. As already indicated, the interviews were based on a list of topics, including communication in the case of deafblind, but not blind people. Thus, these topics were an writers obvious first choice as potential themes on which to Essay editor uk, base the analysis and discussion. While carrying out the interviews, I became aware of a number of further potential themes, including isolation, overprotection, and stigma associated with cane use.

In the English essay writers myself case of isolation, this awareness resulted from both participants’ comments in the interviews and the eagerness of participants who used tactile communication to communicate directly with me despite my lack of skill. Therefore, open coding 1 or the first stage of detailed exploration and organization of the data (Boeije, 2010) involved identifying a number of themes for analysis from the list of term help topics and those that I had become aware of essay during the and management interviews, and evaluating their significance in the interviews. This involved reading all the transcripts and paying attention to the frequency with which the themes occurred with regard to both the number of English essay writers myself interviews and aggression within interviews and the types of comments made about essay writers, them. In addition, I investigated the treatment of Essay for you these themes in the literature. This process resulted in the identification of writers myself a number of high-level themes, as well as a few lower-level themes. Axial coding or data reorganization to obtain connections (Boeije, 2010) was carried out for the material related to these themes, and I may subsequently return to the additional material for further analysis. The sections of the transcript relating to the chosen themes were extracted and organized into one document. It was also only at this stage that I translated the Psychology a2 level aggression transcripts in other languages into English, trying to remain as faithful as possible to the style and spirit as well as the meaning of the original. This meant that the orginal language transcripts were available for consultation if required. At this stage, coding involved grouping concepts and investigating the relationships between them and sometimes recategorizing concepts as a result.

This gradually led into the more analytical approach associated with selective coding (Boeije, 2010), though axial coding still continued in parallel. This phase also involved consultation with the literature and, where appropriate literature was available, relating issues to the literature. Part way through the selective coding phase, on advice from a colleague, I divided the English essay myself material into help aggression three, giving what became this paper on communication, including changes in communication strategies, isolation, independence, and overprotection, and the two companion papers on writers stigma and the use of Essay editor uk assistive devices and travel issues, respectively. I then worked on the three sets of English essay writers myself material sequentially. In order to Do college have homework, obtain a cohesive narrative for each set of material, I returned to axial coding and an investigation of the literature, leading to the identification of additional literature and writers myself the relationship of Do college have homework some further concepts to issues in English essay writers myself the literature, though it was not always possible to find relevant literature due to the relative scarcity of the literature on Financial and management accounting wikipedia deafblind people. This was followed by further analysis. During this phase, I referred back several times to the original language transcripts to verify translations and the context of essay writers participants’ comments. I also compared the transcribed versions of the Czech participants’ responses with those of the translator and in some cases modified the translations to be closer to the originals.

As shown in Tables 2–5 of participant data (with percentages to the nearest integer), the Paid term papers deafblind people interviewed were very varied, though, unfortunately, ethnic minority deafblind people were not represented. It should be noted that where the data do not add to 100% this is essay writers myself, due to a combination of missing data and homework rounding. Gender, age, and country profile. Note. HoH, hard of hearing; PS, partially sighted.

Age of onset of hearing and vision impairments. Note. HoH, hard of hearing; PS, partially sighted. The section is English writers, divided into four parts, namely communication strategies and experiences; oral communication; isolation; and support and independence. Financial. To disguise participants’ identities, they are referred to English essay, by code names, which have no relationship to their real names. Communication Strategies and Essay editor uk Experiences. The ability to communicate and interact with other people is English essay, very important, as, for instance, JG’s mother said about her autistic deafblind daughter: “She is Essay school, very sociable. … She needs contact with other people not just her family.

Not too often, or it gets too much for her, but she needs it.” Deafblind people generally prefer to adapt their existing communication skills rather than learn totally new ones. Successful communication strategies can be very individual and finding them can take an extended period. As LR indicated: “People who know me, know how to communicate with me. This is English, not worked out over one or two meetings, but a number of years.”

A deafblind person from a Deaf family is Psychology, likely to English, have sign language as their main form of Learn english communication, whereas a person from a hearing family with the same degree of hearing impairment is more likely to be encouraged to use spoken language supported by hearing aids and lipreading. However, they may learn sign language if they have contact with Deaf people or fail to fully develop any method of interpersonal communication if they have very limited hearing and no opportunities to learn to sign. Essay Writers. A deafblind signer is likely to move from visual to tactile sign language as their sight impairment increases over time, whereas an oral deafblind person is more likely to use a combination of the block alphabet for reception and spoken language for transmission or may learn a deafblind manual alphabet. For instance, AR and FS both changed from Polish sign language to tactile sign language as their vision decreased. Volunteers communicated with LR, who used speech to transmit information, by for you nursing printing letters on his palm. “If I knew Lorm 2 better, that would be possible, but it is faster on my palm and everyone can do this. English Essay Writers. However, people need to write clearly. In some cases this is not possible … However people can bring a laptop and have homework write in large letters.” A deafblind person who is blind from birth or early childhood is more likely to read Braille fluently than one who becomes blind later in life when learning Braille is English essay writers myself, more difficult. In Japan and Paid papers some other countries, they may adopt finger Braille, which is essay writers, generally faster than deafblind manual alphabets, as their hearing impairment increases over time, but the use of finger Braille is uncommon in most of Europe.

A worker in students have a deafblind organization present during some of the interviews noted the need for Braille information and devices with both Braille and audio and the unlikelihood of writers myself older people learning new strategies. “A young person who has been educated in it will know Braille and use law pdf Lorm or other methods of communication. They’ve grown up with them and are familiar with them. Essay. It is difficult to teach a 70 year old Braille. …he would have had to start much earlier.” The wife of one of the older interviewees agreed: “NS cannot read Braille. At his age he is not going to learn it.” However, there are exceptions, including one of the interviewees who learnt Braille in for you nursing school her fifties. The following examples illustrate the diverse communication strategies used by deafblind people and how they change with time.

BN had “pretty decent speech,” but often wrote down important information to check whether or not he had been understood. Most people talked to him by English writers myself writing letters on his palm or using his laptop, though the latter was not feasible when he was moving around. He could understand the U.K. deafblind manual alphabet if used slowly, but found that few people were familiar with it. Financial Accounting. He would like to receive more information in English writers the form of text messages. With sufficient magnification to read the text, he could get two or three letters across the Paid term help screen and had to scroll a lot to read the whole message. Writers Myself. FP preferred sign language, though prior to learning to sign at the age of Do college students have homework 16 he had used speech and writing. He communicated with hearing people by writing and lipreading, though a reduction in his vision was making this more difficult and essay writers he required the other person to be close by with their mouth illuminated. To communicate with FS a shop assistant “speaks and Psychology writes on her hand.” Oral deaf people generally use a combination of visual and audio speech information, with the visual information obtained from English writers myself lipreading and the audio information frequently processed by hearing aids. Although only 30–40% of speech is visible and many letters and professional words have similar or identical lip patterns, the additional visual information from lipreading can be very important in aiding deaf people to understand spoken language (Summerfield, 1992). However, oral deafblind people who do not have sufficient visual acuity are unable to lipread, leading to essay writers, a reduction in their ability to understand speech.

Some deafblind people find this particularly frustrating, whereas others are philosophical about the difficulties and more concerned about the reactions of papers other people. RB was now totally blind and had recently started losing her hearing. Although she wore two hearing aids, she found her hearing loss more difficult to deal with than her blindness. English Writers Myself. “I feel I’ve got my blindness under control, but my deafness floors me, because I can’t read people’s lips, which is really difficult for me, but there is Financial accounting wikipedia, nothing I can do. I have to English, adapt and above all my family and friends need to adapt.” She noted the Do college homework way “the two disabilities aggravate the situation,” since she cannot lipread whereas a friend who was “almost totally deaf, if I speak to her when I am right in front of her, she reads my lips and manages very well.” However, despite the essay writers myself fact that in discussion groups she was only Psychology a2 level aggression able to hear “possibly a quarter of what goes on,” LB did not seem particularly upset that she was unable to essay writers myself, lipread, as “I can’t see the lips clearly enough.” She was more concerned that “everybody else is comfortable.” SK had some vision and used speech but required good listening conditions to Essay editor uk, understand it. Essay. This is typical for hard-of-hearing people and is likely to aggression, be even more of writers a problem for deafblind people due to their limited information from lipreading. Using the telephone presented particular challenges, as is again typical of hard-of-hearing people. “If there is a lot of noise I sometimes have problems, but I generally know what they are saying. If someone sends me an SMS and Paid term papers help I’m not able to read it normally, I have a function for myself, spelling letter by english use law pdf letter. … That makes it easier for me to understand. … It’s more difficult than normal [to use the phone on a noisy street] … but it’s even worse when I’m on a tram and someone rings me. I answer the call, ask who is calling and … then say I am on the tram and will ring off, as the tram is noisy and everything gets muddled up.” She used the loudspeaker mode, which meant that everyone could hear the person speaking to her. “Sometimes when I go with ES [her partner] I give him the phone and he speaks for me.

He repeats what it is about, I answer and English myself he repeats what I have said on the phone.” Some concerns were also expressed about other people’s reactions and lack of patience, though “people do try” [CF]. It is frequently easier for hard-of-hearing people to understand people they know, as well as to ask them to repeat something, but communication difficulties can make other people impatient. “If I already know someone a bit and Do college homework I don’t understand it, I’ll ask them to writers, repeat it, but I try to avoid this, as people don’t like repeating things. … People don’t have patience with poor hearing. I try to Paid term, avoid asking people to repeat things, but sometimes … I have to…. When I’m talking to writers, people and Financial accounting assignment I say my hearing’s bad, over the last 20 years no-one has gone away because they were bored talking to me. … People might show their impatience and irritation in essay their voices, but they stay and try to explain. I can’t complain that people do not try to help me, but I try to Paid term, be as independent as possible” [CF].

CF “generally understand[s] people, except when people talk quietly because they do not know I’m deaf … Sometimes people are offended when I don’t answer questions. I have to accept that. Sometimes I don’t understand, sometimes people are angry when I don’t answer. English Essay Writers Myself. I remain confident, serious. … but I generally understand. Paid Term Help. Besides, I generally use the English writers same transport. When I go to work, people often know me.” He did not always tell people he was deaf when he had problems understanding. “If I’m not able to hear, then I don’t know who to tell that my hearing’s bad. If people say something, but I’m not sure whether they are talking to me, I don’t answer, as I don’t know who to answer.”

KL had two digital hearing aids and had worn aids since she was three. She found it easier to a2 level aggression, understand people she knew. “When my classmates spoke at the start of English myself last year I did not understand them. For instance, one of my classmates has a quiet voice and Essay editor uk I did not understand her last year, but now I’m used to her and writers myself understand her better, I also pay more attention. … When someone I don’t know speaks I have to pay attention. … It depends on the voice.” Some of and management accounting wikipedia their experiences may have a humorous note and the participants may make light of English essay them subsequently, but were very frustrating and/or distressing at the time. BN discussed an for you school incident at the post office when he went to collect a missed delivery. “I … couldn’t even see which counter was open, they all looked the English same. English Use Law Pdf. Someone pointed me at one so I went to that and slid the card under the glass partition … no idea what they said probably wanted ID? I just showed blind reg[istration] card that has name address and states I’m reg[istered] blind … got the parcel but had to walk to the end of the counter where there’s a window that they can pass it through and I couldn’t find that window but we got there eventually.” Other incidents, for instance when travelling, have the potential to be more serious and even dangerous.

The fact that transport staff have not been trained to communicate with deafblind people further complicates the situation, though some of them recognize regular deafblind travellers and know their main destination(s). For instance, BN did not know what happened when everyone got off a delayed train he was on. “Then I noticed everyone getting off again, so I did the same but had no idea what was going on, apparently it was taken out of service. … I made my way to the assistance office and English essay the guy on duty there took me to the next platform where another train was coming in to replace the first one. … I don’t really understand them [people in the assistance office] as they’re not too clued up on deafblind issues but they know which train I should be on to get to T [city].” Like other disabled people, deafblind people often need to find ingenuous solutions to overcome barriers. Recently when looking for a school he had not been to previously, BN realized that he was on the right road but had gone too far, as the area was becoming too built up for the park he knew was opposite it. He turned round and texted someone else going to the same meeting to watch out for him and text him when he walked past the entrance. However, communication barriers do not end when deafblind people reach their destinations. As LR said, “It’s often not just a case of going somewhere, but doing something when you get there.” People with significant hearing impairments frequently need assistance to communicate with their doctors (Damen, Krabbe, Kilsby, Mylanus, 2005), raising the issue of the need for additional training for doctors in communicating with hearing impaired people. This parallels the homework findings of English recent research (Hersh, Ohene-Djan, Naqvi, 2010; Ohene-Djan, Hersh, Naqvi, 2010) on Learn professional english use law the need for English essay myself, training for the police, driving instructors, public transport drivers, and other personnel in communicating with deaf people.

Communication with, for instance, doctors and lawyers also raises privacy issues, which may make the use of volunteer or even professional guide-communicators an unsuitable option. LR considered that he needed to visit doctors and officials with someone else, as “officials don’t respect deaf people, they don’t want to write everything down with large letters. … I need to go to the doctor with my wife, you cannot do everything with a guide. Essay Editor Uk. … Few officials are willing to write things down or repeat their questions. They are impatient. … On my own there’s no point in going … only for a printed paper I can’t read.” He also experienced difficulties when shopping. “I come with my basket, the English essay writers assistant says something, I indicate my ears, she shows me her screen, I indicate my eyes. … Generally I work out the cost myself. I do not buy things if I do not know the prices, as I cannot talk with the assistant. … It would be better if I knew what everything cost, but sometimes it’s not possible, as the prices change. … If there’s a price, I take out my magnifying glass and Do college students have look at it. If there’s no price, I don’t buy it.”

Isolation was a problem for some of the participants due to a combination of the English essay myself difficulties other people experienced in communicating with them and the barriers to Do college students, independent travel. FS was dependent on volunteers to take her out and commented that if more volunteers were available she would like to English essay, “go for walks once or twice a week, just to Psychology a2 level aggression, get out of the house, no matter where—cafe, airport, park, town centre, just to English essay, get out of the Essay editor uk house.” She had joined a religious group whose members collected her and took her to services, whereas her daughter said “it is very interesting, … the translation is good and she understands everything.” From her daughter’s perspective, “the meeting lasts two hours, so I get two hours off.” Though neither FS nor her daughter said anything to indicate this, it seems open to question whether the main attraction for FS was having people to tactile sign with rather than any religious belief, as well as whether this matters. Many countries have very small organizations of English writers myself deafblind people. Although many participants reported very positive experiences with organizations of blind people, FP’s experiences were less satisfactory. At the Union of Do college have homework Deaf People he was asked “What are you doing here? Why don’t you go to the Union of Blind People? However, few people sign there. Deafblind people … are rejected by both deaf and blind people. Writers. That’s very sad.” He lived with his mother who knew the Polish deafblind manual alphabet, but was only able to sign a few words. A2 Level. FP was used to lipreading her, but this was becoming more difficult for him.

Participants had also lost friends or been treated in English writers a different way due to becoming (more obviously) disabled, though equally many of them had made many new friends and Paid help taken up new activities. RB, who was in English essay writers her seventies, noted “When I first became blind … everyone kept their distance … and Essay editor uk I realised that this distancing was due to … not knowing how to behave, … they felt awkward and found it easier to avoid the problem. … my children were upset that … people did not ring me any more.” This parallels the writers experiences of Financial and management assignment older focus group participants who feared ostracism by friends if they found out about their hearing impairments (Lejeune, 2010). Support, Independence, and Overcoming Depression. Becoming deafblind in writers myself adulthood, whether gradually or suddenly, is very challenging, practically, emotionally, and Essay editor uk psychologically. English Essay Writers. Support is help, generally required both to learn the new skills required for independence as a deafblind person and to accept and writers integrate the new identity. Learning practical skills will generally require the involvement of professional trainers, whereas psychological support can come from a variety of sources, including family, friends, organizations of blind people, psychologists, and other professionals. However, family, friends, and deafblind people themselves may have little factual information and accept and be influenced by negative perceptions and stereotypes (Adams, 1993). For instance, VR “had never met a blind person before, so I couldn’t imagine it.

At first I thought that I would be left at Essay editor uk home waiting for someone to visit me.” Therefore, involvement with organizations of English writers myself deafblind, blind, or deaf people is needed to present more positive images, as well as to obtain information and Do college have homework support and facilitate involvement in a range of activities. Although there have been some improvements in a number of countries, this is by no means universal and many people are still just given a diagnosis without any further information. They are then left on their own to find out about services and training and to cope with the impact of knowing they are losing their sight and/or hearing and to come to terms with and intergrate this new self-image as a disabled person. As a result of this lack of support, depression is not an uncommon reaction. PV had a mini breakdown and a period of depression after having to give up driving. He recovered with the help of medication and counselling, but “had to writers myself, fight very hard to Financial and management, get it on the NHS [National Health Service]. … They don’t discuss the mental and emotional psychological problems that arise. Yeah one friend of mine committed suicide just because he was going blind. … Counselling support would be a very important backup. … They need mobility support from the local authorities and they need to level the English essay writers playing field out because some areas of the country can’t get mobility officers.” However, he considered that things had improved with, for instance, the national organization for blind people now providing weekends away in an adapted hotel for supportive discussions. An initial period of depression followed the loss of GL’s sight, when she was not provided any information. “I used to read a lot. When I lost my sight, I became depressed.

I didn’t know what to do with myself. My dream in my old age was to be able to read anything I wanted whenever I wanted. I really loved handicrafts. I knew I would not be bored in my old age. Psychology Help. There is very little information on where to seek help when you lose your sight.” A further cause of essay writers myself depression, particularly when combined with a lack of information about available support, is no longer being able to ignore slowly progressing sensory impairments or the onset of a second sensory impairment (Lejeune, 2010). Sixty-three-year-old VR was born with a mild hearing impairment and Essay for you school started using hearing aids when she started losing her sight 18 years ago. About 5 years ago, she stopped going out in English essay writers the evening due to the start of for you school night blindness. “I just stopped seeing my surroundings properly, … and I wasn’t sure about my steps.” This continued with her trying to English myself, ignore what was happening. “Then I started losing the ability to recognise colour and details and then I realised it was getting serious. … So I didn’t want to go outside the door. … I was starting to Essay editor uk, have problems with everything, with cooking, … keeping the English essay writers house and cleaning. … I was just crying and crying.” When she was diagnosed, the doctors just told her the diagnosis and give her treatment, but did not tell her about any organizations for deafblind or blind people. Some deafblind people resist looking for support, including for Psychology help aggression, depression (Lejeune, 2010) and/or feel that they either do not need support and should try to be as independent of other people as possible or that they are not entitled to support.

RB “did not go to anyone for English myself, help, as I would have refused to english use law, go to a psychologist, as I thought I had to manage on myself my own. … in the end I gradually found reasons and told myself that I did not really have depression, because I had children who were still around, … and I travelled with my husband. … I also had a lot of help from the Union of Blind People. … I had always refused the Union, … if I’d come here earlier I’d have probably suffered less. But I did not want to come. If you go to the blind Union, it means you are blind!” It was through contact with her national Union of Blind People that RB realized that “Blind people can do things!” Several other participants were also very appreciative of Financial and management accounting assignment support from a national organization of blind people, but found out about it by chance. For instance, a chance encounter at a hospital eye department led DH to the national organization of writers blind people and training in a rehabilitation centre. “In the Do college have hospital they gave me a cane and told me to use it, but did not tell me how.” At the rehabilitation centre, DH, who became blind a few years ago in myself her fifties, quickly learnt to use the cane and to read Braille, which she continued to enjoy. “I learnt for myself to Essay editor uk, have contact with the myself written word. … I was born for a second time.” Involvement with an organization of deafblind people enables newly deafblind or blind people to meet other (deaf)blind people who frequently act as role models, show them what is possible with regard to activities and lifestyles, and even teach them particular skills. For instance, DH was influenced by MP, who “is a very good man. … He is able to pass on his knowledge to other people. If he can work, manage a firm, his family, get around, then so can I. I have been in the local blind union for Financial and management, six years. I am now the president after the last elections.” Observing blind and English writers myself deafblind people carrying out ordinary activities, enjoying life, and being happy can also be very important.

RB was influenced by WK, who she met at the local organization of blind people “but then I came here … and met WK and Do college students homework realised that she was independent, that she got around, I heard her laugh, saw how happy she was. It was an illumination.” VR’s period of depression ended when TL, a worker from the organization of deafblind people, came to visit her. “She told me that blind people use a cane. … I used to read a lot, but couldn’t read any more, so TL told me about English, Braille and that I would be able to read again. TL also helped me with mobility, so I could manage in the house on my own and manage the cooking and everything. … She told me about Do college have homework, activities and holidays … And thanks to joining these activities I realised I that I can still go swimming, go crosscountry skiing, do lots of things.” However, there are insufficient professionals (and volunteers). For instance, the guide-communicator service in the United Kingdom provides support with both travel and communication, but is limited. BN described the type of service he would like, with a guide-communicator available whenever and for whatever activities needed, but that was not currently available. “You should be free to just go when you want. let’s say you wake up on a Sunday morning and fancy some retail therapy but you’ll need a communicator guide who just doesn’t happen to be free right now.” On the one hand, support from family members can enable deafblind people to English myself, engage in a range of activities. On the other, it may lead to dependence, and the deafblind person may feel endebted, be concerned about Essay, what will happen if the relative dies, and feel that they have lost their privacy (Senseand Deafblind UK, 1999). Relatives have a limited amount of English essay writers free time and relatives and professionals may try to restrict the deafblind person’s activities to those they approve of and consider safe rather than recognizing that disabled people, including deafblind people, are entitled to make their own decisions about Do college, risks and have the same responsibility for their own safety as everyone else (Tregaskis, 2004). The comments by AR and his wife, who interpreted into tactile sign language for him, illustrated some of these points.

AR thought he would be able to English essay, travel further on his own, whereas his wife disagreed. And Management Accounting Assignment Wikipedia. “He needs a guide. For instance, he goes to the shop and bumps into a shelf with goods and everything falls. If a child cannot see from when it is small, it has learnt. The school has taught it. It is very difficult to teach an adult. He does not know what is happening.” It was difficult to get a reply from essay writers AR directly. However, he became very stressed when asked if better training with a cane would help him become more independent. “If my wife went and left me on school my own, I would commit suicide, because I would not know who would do the shopping and help me.” Both AR and his wife agreed on the communication difficulties, with AR noting “There are difficulties in English essay writers myself translation. I am with my wife every day, we are used to each other and we understand each other very well. Essay Editor Uk. When I have an interpreter … I don’t understand him, we don’t have contact.

It needs practice.” His wife stated that “It is difficult for him to communicate. It is very hard for a deafblind person on English writers his own, because he gets bored, he is not able to contact people. He needs a wife. Essay Editor Uk. If he had good vision, he would be independent.” In some cases of overprotection, the solution is writers myself, just to ignore the opinions and concerns of Essay family and friends. For instance, RB “didn’t ask them, I just took the cane and went out.” However, this requires considerable self-confidence and may also put tension on family relationships.

Professionals may also both provide support and English essay writers restrict the accounting assignment wikipedia activities of deafblind people as a result of (over)protection. HK received some orientation and mobility training, but was discouraged by his instructor from travelling on his own. “I had orientation and mobility training, but have not been able to writers, travel on my own, my hearing loss could make it dangerous. Homework. … [When I had orientation and English essay writers mobility training my hearing] was a bit better, but my instructor did not want me to for you, travel on my own. English. He was afraid … If you could hear, at the end of the course you were able to term, travel independently, to essay writers, travel home on Learn professional your own. In my case it would have been too dangerous, so they did not want to give me permission. … I know a lot of essay techniques of using a cane, it’s just a question of students have my hearing. If you can’t hear you have to use a guide.” However, a number of deafblind people do travel independently and it seems that HK was not given sufficient information to evaluate the risks and English writers make a decision for a2 level help aggression, himself. This is an example of the way in which disabled people are made dependent by being prevented from taking risks or not given the information to essay myself, make informed choices about activities involving a degree of risk (Perske, 1972; Tregaskis, 2004). Deafblind people are not just passive recipients of support. They are also able to provide support to Paid papers, other people and/or become active in community, campaigning, political, and charitable organizations. Four of the interviewees were on the executive committees of organizations of blind or deafblind people: SG and LB were the presidents of small national organizations for deafblind people, and DH and GT the English essay writers myself presidents of the local branch of a national organization for blind and deafblind people respectively. SG was involved with his organization and the support of a research institute in developing an “internet kiosk” to give blind and visually impaired people access to newspapers. Previously he had worked for term help, many years for English, the national organization of blind people and been involved in developing rehabilitation programs.

GT was involved in a project evaluating internet services and term papers once a week provided computer training for blind, partially sighted, and deafblind people. He also worked and was responsible for one of the regional departments of his firm. Essay Myself. As he said “I do a lot. I am not a passive person.” The need to be involved in society and to help other people was expressed very clearly by DH: “The worst thing is to Essay nursing, shut yourself up in the house and do nothing. … To help even one person … to help them learn to live again would be a great success.” The need to writers, do something of value and Paid help contribute to society is just as important for deafblind as for non-disabled people. This sentiment was very clearly expressed by FP’s mother, who interpreted for him. “We come here [Deafblind Centre] to English essay, help make flyers. We have a need to help. A while ago there was a sign language class, so he came along as a volunteer. He was eager to help. … It did not pay, but it was even more important to him from the psychological point of view to be needed.” This paper has discussed communication, independence, and isolation for an understudied group of deaf people who also have visual impairments, using data from semistructured interviews in six different countries with 27 deafblind people and Do college students have homework the mother of an autistic deafblind woman.

Although the aim was to obtain rich data rather than a statistically representative sample, interviews were carried out with deafblind people with a range of different characteristics, though there were no deafblind people from ethnic minority groups. The themes that emerged included the barriers to English essay writers, communication, the changes in communication strategies over time, the need for for you nursing school, support, including in overcoming these barriers, the differences between support and overprotection, and the problems of isolation and English essay depression, as well as the fact that deafblind people want to make a contribution rather than just be passive and are, therefore, actively involved in and management accounting assignment organizations of blind and deafblind people and in writers providing support to other people. The research participants used a variety of different communication strategies, determined largely by their available senses and communication skills. Many of Do college them had changed communication method, for instance, from sign to tactile sign language or to English myself, printing letters on accounting assignment wikipedia the palm in addition to speech, as their hearing impairment increased. Several of the respondents used speech supported by hearing aids and lipreading. The combination of the two impairments and difficulties in lipreading were both issues for these participants. They felt that other people “tried” and myself did not like to ask them to repeat things, as well as finding it easier to understand people they knew. There is a need for nursing, better training in communicating with deafblind and deaf people for many groups of essay myself workers, particularly those who interact with the public. Essay Editor Uk. Although some of the communication difficulties experienced were purely frustrating, others had the potential to put the person at risk. In the literature, there has been a tendency to consider communication problems to be purely a consequence of the deafblind person’s impairments rather than the attitudinal and infrastructural accessibility barriers and other people’s lack of knowledge about communicating with them.

In the interviews, deafblind people generally took responsibility for English writers myself, other people being able to understand them rather than seeing this as a social responsibility. Although this further illustrates the fact that deafblind people are responsible members of society who are eager to participate in and contribute to it, there is a need for greater social and communal responsibility for communicating with deafblind people, as well as recognition of the nursing disadvantages to society as a whole from English writers their exclusion. A combination of barriers to Essay editor uk, communication and English writers independent travel had left a number of the participants very isolated. Participants who did not go out Psychology a2 level, (beyond the local shops) on their own were dependent on family members, volunteers, and sometimes professional guide-communicators. There were generally too few volunteers available and English essay myself even fewer professional guide-communicators, leading to term papers help, both pressure on writers myself family members and isolation of deafblind people. One of the respondents expressed the resulting isolation and the need “just to get out of the house, no matter where” particularly clearly, whereas her daughter expressed the need for additional activities for deafblind people as well as the need for Essay for you school, support from professionals and volunteers to enable her to have “time off.” There is thus a need for a wide range of English essay myself activities to be made accessible to Essay for you nursing school, deafblind people through communication (and travel) support and activities organized specifically for deafblind people that take account of essay myself their communication needs.

Discussions of independence and support in the literature often equate independence to the ability to carry out daily living activities, so that deafblind people are generally considered dependent and to require support to overcome their functional limitations. A2 Level. Alternative approaches consider independence in terms of English essay myself autonomy and decision making and Psychology interdependence with regard to contributing to and participating in the wider society and this contribution being valued. This then leads to English writers myself, consideration of the Essay editor uk support and other measures required for deafblind people to participate in writers myself and contribute to society. Learn. The different approaches have significant practical as well as theoretical consequences, because the policy and support measures for deafblind people are generally determined by the dominant theories, and the resulting low expectations and negative attitudes are considered barriers to self-determination (Adams, 1993). Two participants eloquently expressed the need to be active, participate in English writers society, and make a contribution. The engagement of deafblind people as active citizens and in providing support for other people was illustrated by the fact that four of the participants were the and management accounting wikipedia presidents of national or local branches of national organizations for blind or deafblind people and that a fifth participant volunteered at his local center for blind people. Although not represented amongst the interviewees, a number of deafblind people act as carers or personal assistants to older or disabled relatives. Although changes are probably taking place, at least in essay writers myself some countries, most of the participants were given a diagnosis with little subsequent support or follow-up. Essay For You. For a number of the English writers myself interviewees, this lack of school support led to writers, shorter or longer periods of depression. Several of term papers help them mentioned the role of their national organization of blind or deafblind people in providing support, engaging them in activities, and showing them that they could still have a good quality of life. They also mentioned specific individuals active in these organizations who acted as role models and showed that “[deaf]blind people can do things.” Although many of the respondents were grateful to organizations of English essay writers myself deafblind or blind people for their support and showing them that they could still have a good quality of life, one respondent had found that organizations of both blind people and deaf people were less than welcoming.

Some of the respondents initially resisted the Learn idea of support or the idea of involvement with an organization of writers blind people, as that would involve accepting that they were indeed blind. There seemed to be greater similarities than differences in the experiences of participants in the different countries with regard to communication barriers, depression, and isolation. However, there were differences in the availability of support, including in organized services of volunteers and the availability of professional guide-communicators. Where professional guide-communicators were provided, for use law, instance, in English writers myself the United Kingdom and Psychology a2 level help the Czech Republic, there were too few of them. Support was provided in all the countries by organizations of deafblind, blind, and deaf people, though the resources of these organizations and the support they were able to provide differed.

This work was supported by a Research Fellowship from the Leverhulme Trust. No conflicts of interest were reported. I would like to thank the Leverhulme Trust for the award of a Research Fellowship, which supported this work; the many blind, visually impaired, and deafblind people who participated in English myself interviews and gave of Financial and management accounting assignment their time and expertise; and the colleagues and organizations who provided me with support. Although I cannot unfortunately mention everyone, particular thanks are due to essay writers, Hanna Pasterny and CRIS, Monica Schmid and Paid help l’Instituto Maugeri, Mario Barbuto and l’Instituto Cavazza, la Federation des Associations des Chiens Guides, Rene Farcy, Mike Johnson, ONCE in Santander and La Rioja and Polski Zwiazek Niewidomych. I would also like to thank Jo Ferrie and the anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments and suggestions. Online ISSN 1465-7325 Print ISSN 1081-4159 Copyright © 2017 Oxford University Press. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Copyright 2017 Oxford University Press Privacy Policy Cookie Policy Legal Notices Site Map Accessibility Get Adobe Reader.

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Essay: Persons with mental illnesses and the criminal justice system. Persons with mental illnesses who come into contact with the criminal justice system bear a double burden from the stigma associated with their mental illness and the stress of potential arrest and confinement. Essay! Involvement with the Essay editor uk criminal justice system may exacerbate the essay writers myself isolation and distrust often associated with mental illnesses. Mental Health Courts place less emphasis on behind bars punishment and more emphasis on identifying ideal treatment candidates and enforcing treatment to eliminate the root causes of criminal behavior. Despite the heavy focus on treatment and good intentions of criminal justice professionals, mental health courts are not without their critics. And Management Accounting Wikipedia! Much of the criticism has focused on legal rather than medical issues. A large amount of criticism has involved the English essay writers blurred line between traditional criminal justice roles and Paid term, the move from a focus on protection of a person. s due process rights to considering the best interests of a person with mental health issues in the criminal justice system. Introduction to Mental Health Courts. The first Mental Health Court was created in 1997 in Broward County, Florida.

Currently, there are more than 200 Mental Health Courts, including at least one in English essay writers myself, a federal jurisdiction (Hiday #038; Ray, 2010). Mental Health Courts are a variant of problem-solving courts that divert mentally ill offenders from the criminal justice system into community-based treatment services. Diversion programs exist with the intent to reduce criminal recidivism, to term papers bring some relief to English writers myself an overcrowded criminal justice and jail system, and to reduce homelessness and Do college students homework, psychiatric hospitalizations. Mental Health Courts operate under the essay writers myself theoretical framework of therapeutic jurisprudence with clear treatment goals to improve the quality of life and functioning of its participants (Hughes and Peak, 2012). Therapeutic jurisprudence . emphasizes that the law should be used, whenever possible, to promote the mental and physical well-being of the individuals as they are affected by the law. (Lamb and Weinberger, 2008, p.723). Mental Health Courts differ from Essay editor uk, traditional criminal courts in several ways: (1) a dedicated judge that presides over the court proceedings; (2) a separate docket for defendants with mental health issues; (3) dedicated prosecution and defense counsel; (4) collaborated decision making between the English judge, counsel, and other Mental Health Court staff; (5) voluntary participation with agreement to Financial and management accounting assignment wikipedia accept treatment; (6) intensive monitoring of defendants; and (7) dismissal or reduction of charges or sentence for successful compliance with treatment. Mental Health Courts deal with similar issues, but there are significant differences in English essay myself, approach among jurisdictions.

Some courts only accept defendants with misdemeanor offenses, while others also accept felony defendants. The courts do not have a uniform standard as to which mental illnesses make a defendant eligible to participate. Broad criteria are often used in the eligibility determination process. For You! The courts use a non-adversarial team approach to decision making which utilizes rewards and myself, sanctions for compliance and noncompliance, but differences exist between the courts with regard to what they consider to be a reward or a sanction. Some courts will use incarceration as a sanction while others only for you do so on rare occasions. All Mental Health Court participants may opt out of the program to have their cases heard in traditional criminal court, but only some Mental Health Courts allow the essay myself defendants to return to their programs after they are convicted. Some Mental Health Courts dismiss a defendant. s charges after successful completion of the program, and others may reduce charges or offer less severe sentences. Some offenders may start Mental Health Court programs with the goal of avoiding jail time, but end up completing the program with real feelings of motivation to continue treatment. Challenges of Learn professional english use law pdf, Mental Health Courts. The first challenge of Mental Health Courts is English essay writers myself, determining whether defendants are competent to proceed in the criminal process. Defendants who are referred to Mental Health Courts have varied levels of students, understanding and ability to myself meaningfully participate in the court proceedings.

Competence is especially important in post-plea or post-adjudication Mental Health Courts because defendants are presumed to understand and help aggression, consent to the conditions of participation. Any competency concerns should be addressed early and very thoroughly. Another thing to consider is that defendants may gain or lose competency while in the Mental Health Court. A study was done in the Akron Ohio Mental Health Court during its first three years of English essay writers, operation. The study consisted of 80 misdemeanor defendants referred by the court for evaluation of competency to stand trial. The results indicated that seventy-eight percent were adjudicated incompetent to stand trial, significantly more than the 50 percent hypothesized by the researchers (Stafford and Wygant, 2005). In another study, almost half of those rejected from school, Brooklyn. s Mental Health Court were . considered incompetent or too unstable at that time to make the English essay decision to enroll and to participate in the court. s proceedings. (Steadman, Redlich, Griffin, Petrila and Monahan, 2005, p. 222).

The second challenge of Mental Health Courts is aggression, assessing participant competency. . Most research has demonstrated a strong relationship between competence determinations and psychotic diagnoses or symptoms. (Rosenfeld and Wall, 1998, p.444-445). Findings suggest that psychosis is most likely to limit a defendant. s ability to English essay myself assist in their defense, whereas cognitive difficulties impede ability to Essay editor uk understand charges, proceedings, or both. The third challenge of English essay myself, Mental Health Courts is Do college have, determining whether the decision of participants to enter into those courts is voluntary. . From a legal standpoint, entry into the courts must be voluntary; if they were not and essay writers myself, all offenders with mental illness were required to partake in a Mental Health Court, the equal protection guarantee of the 14th amendment would be violated in that a certain subgroup of offenders would be singled out and treated specially. (Redlich, Hoover, Summers and Steadman, 2008, p. 92). The fourth challenge of Mental Health Courts is determining whether the decision of participants to enter into Psychology aggression those courts is essay, made knowingly and intelligently. As stated by Susan Stefan (Stefan and Winick, 2005), . The people don. A2 Level! t go into the process understanding what mental health court is all about, and no one explains it to them in terms of benefits and drawbacks. English Writers! this is not an atmosphere that is conducive to knowing and intelligent decision making. (p.516). A knowing and intelligent decision to enroll in a Mental Health Court is important for two reasons: (1) the target population consisting of people with serious mental illness is known to have deficits in assignment, legal comprehension, and (2) the Mental Health Court entry decision may be made under conditions of high stress and essay, instability (Redlich, et al., 2008).

Two considerations are important in making a knowing and intelligent decision to enter a Mental Health Court: (1) general legal knowledge . most importantly adjudicative competence (competence to stand trial), and Psychology help aggression, (2) specific knowledge relating to the Mental Health Court itself. The standard for competence is the Dusky standard, which mandates that defendants have a rational and factual understanding of the proceedings against them, as well as the ability to consult with their attorney (Dusky v. U.S., 1960). . An informed decision would entail knowledge of essay writers, Mental Health Court procedures, requirements, confidentiality releases, consequences for compliance and non-compliance, alternatives to participation, and what happens upon graduation and termination. (Redlich, et al., 2008). For the most part, defendants are presumed competent unless the question is raised and the leading reason to raise questions of Paid help, competence is for psychiatric reasons (Pinals, 2005). The fifth challenge of Mental Health Courts is that many of the essay myself offenders most in nursing, need of psychiatric treatment are least likely to believe that they need it and essay writers, adhere to it. . If the incidence of violence in Essay editor uk, offenders with severe mental illness is to English writers myself be reduced, a means must be found to involve them in treatment. (Lamb, et al., 2008, p.724). The courts can require treatment, including medications, structured housing, and substance abuse treatment. Doing so may enhance the structure in the lives of Essay for you school, mentally ill offenders. A Mental Health Court. s enforcement of treatment programs could increase adherence to therapy. Writers Myself! Case managers could monitor the treatment programs of those under their supervision and have them return to court for periodic review of their treatment progress. Benefits of Mental Health Courts. The first benefit of Mental Health Courts is. Research literature on a2 level aggression Mental Health Courts has grown over the last several years, but it still has a way to go until it can compare to the relatively large and well-developed collection of literature regarding Drug Courts.

Most of the English myself existing literature on Mental Health Courts consists of simple descriptive studies, process evaluations, and theoretical papers, rather than outcome studies. When compared to Drug Courts, considerably less information is known about the operations and effectiveness of Paid term papers, Mental Health Courts. Writers! Additionally, . mental health courts often present unique challenges, including the nature of the population (i.e. Learn! offenders with mental health disorders) and variations among courts, which make it difficult for researchers to English writers myself examine the effectiveness of these interventions in an empirically defensible manner. Financial Accounting! (Higgins and English essay, Mackinem, 2009, p.100). Research on Access to Services. One area of research was whether the Mental Health Court impacted offenders. Essay Editor Uk! access to English essay writers behavioral health services.

A study was conducted with 121 offenders from the Broward County (Florida) Mental Health Court and 101 offenders from Financial and management, a traditional misdemeanor court in another Florida county. It was determined that the percentage of offenders from the English essay myself Mental Health Court who received behavioral health services increased from 36 percent during the eight months prior to their initial court appearance to 53 percent during the eight months after their initial court appearance (Boothroyd, Poythress, McGaha, and Petrila, 2003). For the traditional criminal court offenders, the chance of receiving behavioral health services remained virtually unchanged during the same time periods (29 percent vs. 28 percent). The researchers concluded that the Broward County Mental Health Court was successful in increasing access to treatment services. Research on Recidivism. Another area of research was whether Mental Health Courts reduce recidivism by treating mental disorders that underlie or contribute to criminal behavior. Evidence was mixed within this area of research. One of the studies in this area compared misdemeanants with mental health disorders who participated in Seattle Washington. Assignment Wikipedia! s two Mental Health Courts to offenders who chose not to participate in Mental Health Court.

Mental Health Court participants had significantly fewer arrests over a follow-up period of nine months after entry into essay writers the court than they did before entry. Mental Health Court participants had significantly fewer arrests than non-participants (Trupin and Richards, 2003). A Broward County (Florida) Mental Health Court study concluded that arrests for Mental Health Court participants significantly decreased from one-year pre-entry to one-year post-entry into term help the court. The study also found that the mean number of arrests, felony arrests, proportion arrested, and average time to arrest did not differ much from that of non-participants (Christy, Poythress, Boothroyd, Petrila and Mehra, 2005). The study raised questions on the effectiveness of Mental Health Courts in English essay writers, relation to Learn use law traditional courts. A Santa Barbara (California) Mental Health Court study randomly assigned 235 offenders with misdemeanor or felony charges to Mental Health Court with intensive treatment or traditional court with less intensive case management services for 18 months. A one-year post-entry follow-up revealed that the English Mental Health Court participants had fewer convictions for new offenses, and and management assignment wikipedia, their charges were mostly for probation technical violations rather than new criminal offenses. Conversely, criminal charges were mostly for English essay writers myself, new offenses for the traditional court participants (Cosden, Ellens, Schnell, Yamini-Diouf and Wolfe, 2003). A two-year follow-up on the study participants appeared less promising. All study participants, regardless of which program they participated in, showed increased arrests and Learn english pdf, no change in either the number of English essay, convictions or days in jail (Cosden, Ellens, Schnell and Yamini-Douf, 2005).

A closer look revealed that a small group of Mental Health Court participants accounted for 54 percent of all post-mental health court jail days. According to researchers, . The program was not able to hold or help all participants; for homework, some offenders, continued criminal activity resulted in prison or levels of English myself, jail time higher than had been the case before entering the program. (Cosden, et al., p.206-207, 2005). Existing research presents mixed views with respect to clinical improvement and reductions in for you nursing, criminal recidivism among Mental Health Court clients. Some research suggests that Mental Health Courts are effective in English writers myself, increasing access to and utilization of behavioral health services. With respect to criminal recidivism, some existing research suggests that Mental Health Courts reduce recidivism, while other research suggests few differences in recidivism rates between offenders in Mental Health Courts and offender in traditional courts. Additionally, one study that included a longer follow-up period suggested that the Paid term help beneficial effects of Mental Health Courts decline the longer offenders are out of the writers myself court after graduation (Higgins, et al., 2009). Research on Voluntariness. A study conducted on the Broward County (Florida) Mental Health Court examined enrollment decisions and perceptions of coercion. Court transcripts of initial hearings were collected and coded. Boothroyd et al. (2003) reported that the primary purpose and focus of the court was explicitly mentioned in only 28 percent of transcripts, explicit statements of voluntariness in 16 percent of transcripts, and any mention of competence-to-proceed in 29 percent of transcripts.

After obtaining self-reported perceptions of Mental Health Court voluntariness, Boothroyd, et al. (2003) found that approximately 75 percent of Learn professional pdf, Broward County clients either reported not being told that court participation was voluntary or reported being told only after their first hearing. This study concluded that the majority of writers, Mental Health Court participants will claim not to be aware that the decision to enroll in the Mental Health Court was voluntary. Very little information exists to show whether enrollment in Mental Health Courts is voluntary, even though they are intended to be. Research on Knowing and Intelligent Enrollment. The biggest limitation in making conclusions regarding the effectiveness of Mental Health Courts is the relatively small body of existing research.

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