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Pioneer Opportunities in Cather and Faulkner. Willa Cather's My Antonia and William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury are contrasted. Both texts offer different temporal perspectives on university answers the myth of free-land. Cather's novel is prospective, occluding the actual political and commercial fragmentation of the future from which she is writing in order to portray the uncertainty in transition felt by the American pioneer; Faulkner's novel is How to write a history paper scientific, retrospective, highlighting through the collapse of language and time the historical failure of democratic possibility. Whitman's concept of America as a teeming nation of nations ('Preface' to Leaves of Grass , Norton, p.2081) implies that the country is a ferment of international identities. It possesses no unified domestically based culture but is constructed from university assignment answers, those brought to it from abroad. This tension between the domestic and Uwc phd thesis, the foreign is revealed in some American writers in their treatment of prospect and retrospect. Willa Cather writes of a liminal period of American history, when America possesses only a tentative past and only the prospect of a positive future. Physical space stands as a metaphor for the establishment of a coherent American nation, in which there is not yet a 'Country' but merely country, the material out of university answers, which countries are made ( My ntonia , p.7). Her narrative concerns itself with both the geographical and historical frontier and Architecture paper, the abstract frontier, the point of balance between America as constructed from outside, by a melting-pot of foreigners whose identity and sense of self derives from other lands, and America as possessing its own sense of selfhood.1 The Sound and the Fury stands on the far side of this line. Kuvempu University Answers? Faulkner's Southern, post-First World War, post Eliot and Joyce context locates him in a heritage of modernity, dispossession and disenchantment.

In The Sound and paper personal, the Fury retrospect is all that exists. Kuvempu University? Every important event has already happened by Resume of high school the time we read the novel such that even things which appear to look forward, such as Quentin going to commit suicide, are relegated to the past. The Sound and the Fury closes securely grounded in university assignment, the present, window and doorway and signboard each in its ordered place ( The Sound and the Fury , p.199). By contrast, My ntonia projects forward even as it looks back. This difference in optimism between the two novels is evident in their treatment of the writing thesis statement land and its potential. Jim's first experience of his grandparents' garden is stylised with Biblical overtones. Jim's affinity with the warm earth in this new country where naturally a body feels friendly to the animals ( My ntonia , p.17) is overshadowed by the threat of the assignment answers snakes.

This metaphor of the land as a pre-lapsarian Eden with the possible threat of the paper writing serpent is reiterated later when Jim defeats the huge rattler, the assignment answers ancient, oldest evil (p.49), in the Christmas tree, which is Uwc phd thesis, reminiscent of the Tree of Knowledge (p.83) and at the end of the novel as Jim and ntonia walk through the apple orchard. The description of the latter scene stands as a metaphor for the relationship of the university rural to the urban in the novel as a whole: There was the deepest peace in that orchard. It was surrounded by a triple enclosure; the wire fence, then the hedge of thorny locusts, then the mulberry hedge. (p.341) My ntonia , like O Pioneers , contains the story of Man (and especially Woman) successfully harnessing nature and working with the land. The urban, and the negatives associated with it, lie always outside the centre of the text, threatening but never encroaching on the main narratives. When Jim moves to Black Hawk, he lives on the outskirts, able to look over the country (p.145). In Lincoln, Jim lives in a country part surrounded by trees and Research writing for you, blossoms (p.277). Cather avoids writing directly about the university assignment answers culture of the city such that the problems associated with it are brought to the country from elsewhere.

Wick Cutter comes to Architecture research pdf, Black Hawk from Iowa and is one of the fast set of businessmen and the tragic conclusion to his story (an apt warning for university assignment, Jason Compson) is relegated to an incidental place in the narrative at the end. Jim Burden's ultimate history, his sterile job as a worker for the railways, that mediating force between urban and rural lanscapes, is placed outside the main frame of the novel, as a preface. Cather, writing the novel in 1918, must have been well-aware of the problems of the capitalist world but by refusing to fully elucidate the urban state she heightens the novel's sense of hanging on the edge. From the introverted and rural perspective of the novel and its characters the writing for students school future seems optomistic, fashioned with the tropes of the idyllic pastoral. For the assignment reader, objective, detached and with historical awareness, this is a parochial vision, one consistent with the perspective of writing statement, those who stand on boundaries uncertain as to Kuvempu university, where they are moving next.

With significant contrast, The Sound and the Fury places the lack of fulfilment of the New World's democratic prospects at its forefront. The landscape is predominated by urban motifs, even though Jefferson is essays, supposedly a small country town. Jefferson is populated by Kuvempu university 'town squirts', immigrants, petty criminals and aggressive capitalists. Moneymaking relies on sucking people in (p.146) rather than offering the opportunity for expanding the land. Write A History Scientific? Jason's saving of money is Kuvempu university answers, yet another means of possessing the past, his attempt to mark how far he has come from having nothing. For Alexandra in O Pioneers , saving and spending are congruent with realising opportunity in the future. Help College Essays? Whereas in Cather race issues are remarkable by their absence, here racism is rife. Luster's desperation to find a quarter to go to the show (unlike the theatre in My Antonia, this show is not culturally expansive) epitomises the problems of capitalism and assignment, the coloured divide: Nigger's money good as white folks, I reckon.

White folks gives nigger money because know first white man comes along with a band going to get it all back, so nigger can go to a history, work for some more. (p.10) In terms of the land as a metaphor for the possibility of America, Quentin's sense of Kuvempu university answers, enclosure on his train-ride home from Harvard is far from the expansiveness experienced by college essays Jim on his outward journey, and Kuvempu university answers, his sense of a transition to paper pdf, a new land.2 Ironically too, Quentin's return is an indictment of a system which requires the rural, Benjy's pasture, to be exchanged for an education which ultimately results in further disillusionment rather than opportunity. Along with the dichotomy between urban and rural, the trope of childhood and adulthood is one fitted to Kuvempu, the American context.5 Cather's presentation of the report pioneer experience as a progression from the old and answers, other to the new and domestic fits with a sense of America moving through its adolescence. Research Pdf? The time-scale of My ntonia is that of a human life, young Jim and Kuvempu answers, young Antonia growing to maturity and the child is the embodiement of expectation and possibility. Cuzak's boys, vibrant, intelligent, affectionate (p.352) represent the future. Paper Personal Report? ntonia and Jim are the transitional generation, both symbolically of America and literally of which the novel is concerned. ntonia is the Kuvempu university earth-mother, fecund and domesticated and, it was no wonder that her sons stood tall and straight. She was a rich mine of life, like the founders of early races (p.353).

By contrast, the older generation, those who bring with them the Architecture research paper expectations and attitudes of the lands from which they originate, find it difficult to settle. Mr. Shimerda's death, caused by homesickness, is the most striking example of this (p.101) though Norwegian Anna also expresses it: A new country's hard on Kuvempu answers the old ones, sometimes. My grandmother's getting feeble now, and her mind wanders. Resume Of High? She's forgot about this country, and thinks she's at Kuvempu, home in Norway. (p.239) In contrast to the stabilised relationship between past, present and writing statement, future as embodied by the three generations here, family relationships in Faulkner are disrupted and the move to adulthood marks a loss of innocence. Benjy - physically an Kuvempu university assignment, adult, mentally a child, sexually neutral - possesses language only in so far as it is a marker of concrete objects; he cannot use it in Help writing online, the abstract sense.

For example, he can only register his mother's illness in assignment answers, terms of the concrete feature associated with it, the cloth on scientific her head ( The Sound and the Fury , p.26). He has no notion of illness as a concept. Benjy lacks language and is therefore innocent of the consequences of his own actions so that if he cannot understand the inference of sexuality ( The Sound and the Fury , p.30), he cannot be blamed for his touching of a schoolgirl.3 Entrance into language represents a loss of innocence because by being able to use abstract concepts we are able to realise the gap between our hopes and university assignment, their realisations or failures. By associating the idea of Eden, or more specifically the passage relating to the Fall itself, with sexuality Quentin discovers a gap between expectation and experience. Research Paper Pdf? He imagines himself and Caddy as Adam and Eve figures, the university answers ancestors of the human race. But when she loses her virginity, thereby admitting her womanhood and fallen state, Quentin too experiences a loss, a deprivation of his desires. Benjy, feeling for Architecture research paper, Caddy with only a primitive attachment urge (she 'smells of trees') and being without the Kuvempu assignment concept of time or language, is saved from realising this gap. Quentin, obsessed by time and language, cannot cope with it.

Whilst it is going to far to see an explicit correlative between Quentin's disillusionment and that of a modern America that has fallen short of realising its potential, the negative comparison of child and adult in Faulkner might be seen as an indicator of his position in modern history and as a Southern writer. The essentially negative outlook of the novel is mediated by the presence of Dilsey. Whereas the paper personal writing report three other sections of the novel are retrospective and the fact that characters are unable to grasp the future is essential to their plight, Dilsey, following the assignment answers easter sermon, is able to look forward, although to a point beyond empirical and physical time. As she explains, I seed de beginnin, en now I sees de endin (p.185). By ending on Easter Sunday the novel is framed by the life and death of Jesus, the predominant child image of Western culture. The novel's projection forwards has an extra-terrestrial context rather than being grounded in the physical land as occurs in Cather. In her texts there is continuation of the family line (unlike in online, The Sound and the Fury ) and the diagram of progression is natural rather than spiritual. Kuvempu University Answers? Most explicitly in O Pioneers , Mr. and college online, Mrs.

Bergson must die and be buried on the land before the land yields its fruits to their children. Assignment Answers? In Faulkner, any progression is spiritual rather than physical and as such is write paper, beyond human control. The concept of the circle of life, part of the ancient lore of mother-earth, is just one element of the answers constant myth making that occurs in Architecture, Cather's fiction. The culture of university assignment answers, My ntonia is predominantly oral. Resume For Students Of High? Stories and myths are passed on such that even the new generation of ntonia's children delight in storytelling, demanding that Jim relate his snake killing adventure (p.351).4 The novel partakes in this heritage, not only in its references to Kuvempu university, Eden but also in Jim's classical interest. His Latin dictum, Primus ego in patriam mecum. deducam Musas, is central to understanding America's sense of unity. Patriam means a small rural neighbourhood rather than a country and Help writing college essays online, this idea relates to the theme of the novel in taking a collection of identities who bring their own stories and forming them into a coherent new myth, specifically American.

The pioneering spirit extends culturally as well as physically, although it is an interesting to note that Cather attempts to construct a new narrative in assignment, relation to the old modes of pastoral, Biblical and epic. Once again highlighting her sense of Research paper personal report, transition, her narrative of prospect is founded on assignment the past. By contrast, for Faulkner, as evinced through Quentin, Latin dictums and Biblical references can be restrictive, reducing complex arguments to dangerously inapplicable maxims in a reducto ad absurdum. Quentin's retrospect, placing Caddy's lovemaking in Research personal report, a tradition of lust from Greek mythology to Othello (p.93), implies the consistency of man in being driven by primal passions. Even in the new America, there is no escaping from such powerful, uncivilised forces. Whereas Faulkner's novel is constantly retrospective, but technically remarkably adventurous, Cather's is essentially realist in its technique, uses the established modes of myth, epic and pastoral, but looks forward.5 Embodied in Kuvempu assignment, the personal experience of Jim, the passing of old friends and his reminiscences at the end is actually forward looking. Because Jim himself has now become the stuff of stories, rather than stories deriving from other lands, he himself is part of a new, American myth. His stumbling across the first bit of road to cross the land represents the discovery of a piece of specifically American archaeology. By having a past to possess, the implication is that America and its inhabitants have moved forward.

His writing down of his memories of his ntonia likewise moves us to Architecture, the future. Although the narrative still ends with foreignness and orality (ntonia tells her stories in her native Bohemian) the Kuvempu university assignment act of writing the narrative, the physical book itself, stands as a testament to the entry into concrete language. Even as the subject matter of the novel hovers on boundaries, the writing of high fact of the novel suggests the Kuvempu university assignment answers line from fluid, alien orality to permanent, native narrative, has been crossed.6 By contrast the disruption of a history paper, conventional narrative in The Sound and the Fury represents a protest about the tradition which precedes it and the culture in which it is being written. Just as all the characters are out of synchronisation with their expected positions in the social hierarchy (Dilsey is too dominant for a black servant, the Compsons are landowners who have sold all their land, the Kuvempu university assignment teenage Quentin is a rebellious free-spirit) so the book's deliberate failure to occupy an expected generic space implies an uncertainty about the cultural state of Help writing, modern America. This pessimism about literature and language is manifested on a literal level too, as immigrants have now become others rather than partners in the American construction (p.83) and dialects slightly different from the Kuvempu university assignment answers normal are rejected as alien rather than accommodated (p.76). In Cather the Uwc phd thesis negative is under-written; Faulkner writes the Kuvempu university negative. In both cases, however, the ultimate conclusion lies outside the frame of the novel. In Cather, the historical fact of the research paper prevalance of urban and commercial culture over the rural and natural does not predominate in the fictional, pre-lapsarian world of the plain.

In Faulkner the failure of aspirations, the Kuvempu university gap between expectation and realisation, can only be answered in research pdf, a spiritual world. Both, therefore, are novels located on boundaries. For The Sound and the Fury, its technical novelty locates it at an extreme of modernity, whilst its contents and characters are constantly retrospective, facing backwards even as the car carries them along (Sartre, p.269). Cather writes of a frontier - geographical, temporal, and Kuvempu assignment, metaphorical - in American history and her novel is both retrospective and projective. Her suppression of the awkward aspects of American history is the result of her attempt to Uwc phd thesis, finely balance the novel on the edge between old and new.

This explains why a text so clearly of a certain time is peculiarly devoid of locative details. The Civil War receives just one explicit reference in My ntonia (the coroner who attends to Mr. Shimerda is a veteran) and one implicit (the play Jim and Lena go to see is a war play, 'Shenandoh'). Answers? To ground it in actual history, rather than in an epic and Biblical heritage, would be to paper writing thesis, demand that readers apply a context and consequently ignore just how finely poised the potential for American success actually was. By contrast, for Faulkner, there can be no denying the problems both of the present and the past and the uncertainty of the future. The frontispiece to the first edition of Cather's Song of the Lark visually demonstrates this concept of liminality. The picture shows a woman walking out from an expanse of plain, the setting sun behind, and looking forward into answers, somewhere unknown and, to the observer of the picture, unseen. [Back to writing of high, text] From The Sound and the Fury: And all that day, while the train wound through rushing gaps and along ledges where movement was only a laboring sound of the Kuvempu exhaust and groaning wheels and the eternal mountains stood fading into Research paper personal, the thick sky, I thought of home, of the bleak station and the mud and the niggers and country folks thronging slowly about the square, with toy monkeys and wagons and candy in sacks and roman candles sticking out, and Kuvempu, my insides would move like they used to do in school when the bell rang. ( The Sound and paper, the Fury , p.56) From My ntonia : There seemed to be nothing to university answers, see; no fences, no creeks or trees, no hills or fields.

If there was a road, I could not make it out in the faint starlight. There was nothing but land: not a country at all, but the essays material out of which countries are made. No, there was nothing but land - slightly undulating, I knew, because often our wheels ground against the brake as we went down into a hollow and lurched up again on the other side. I had the feeling that the world was left behind, that we had got over the edge of it, and were outside man's jurisdiction. ( My ntonia , p.7) The adjectives of speed, effort and oppressiveness in the first passage contrast with those of absence and uncertainty in the second. [Back to text] Benjy's possession/dispossession of language is a difficult issue to Kuvempu university assignment answers, explain. If signifier (the cloth on the head) and signified (the illness) have to be present at the same time in order for Benjy to a history paper scientific, register the existence of illness or other such abstractions, how does he have any stable memory? Following this, if objects only exist simultaneous with their perception, how can Benjy relate his story in the past tense, suggesting that the objects he describes occupy a different spatial and temporal place to himself? How, indeed, can someone mute narrate a story at all? For one explanation, see Polk, pp.139-173. [Back to text] Other examples of myths and stories include: the two Russians and the wolves (p.56); Anton and the priest (p.106); Crazy Mary (p.166); the dead tramp (p.178); blind d'Arnault (p.186); the murder of Mrs.

Cutter (p.362). Kuvempu Assignment? [Back to text] The same is true of O Pioneers, the Uwc phd thesis title of which interestingly derives from a Whitman poem which signals his own epic vision of the New World. In a concurrence with Cather, his poem opens with an invocation to the children. His fluid style, inspired by the versification of the Kuvempu Bible, also represents a return to ancient techniques in order to present the Help college modern. [Back to text] This idea encapsulates another problematic ignorance of the novel, the fact that there is university assignment, only one language of writing. All characters are forced to adopt English as the standard, both in the fiction and as the language in which the novel is written. This can be explained in positive terms - symbolically, one of the first words Jim teaches Antonia is the word for sky, a natural phenomenon they both share; Mr.

Shimerda gives Jim a dictionary with both English and Bohemian alphabets - but there is still the problem of immigrant alienation, an alienation which ultimately causes Mr. Shimerda's death. [Back to text] Nina Baym (ed.), The Norton Anthology of American Literature , Volume I, Fifth Edition, W.W. Norton, New York, 1998 Willa Cather, My ntonia , Virago, 1980 (1918) Willa Cather, My ntonia , The Willa Cather Archive. 24 February 2002, http://www.unl.edu/Cather/ Willa Cather, O Pioneers , The Willa Cather Archive.

24 February 2002, http://www.unl.edu/Cather/ William Faulkner, The Sound and the Fury , David Minter (ed.), W.W. Norton, 1994 (1929) Anne W. Fisher-Wirth, 'Out of the writing report Mother: Loss in My Antonia ', Cather Studies , 2, 1993 Anne W. Fisher-Wirth, 'Disposition and redemption in the novels of Willa Cather', Cather Studies , 1, 1990 John B. Padgett, William Faulkner on Kuvempu assignment the Web, http://www.olemiss.edu/depts/english/ms-writers/dir/faulkner_william/ Noel Polk, New essays on The Sound and Resume for students school, the Fury , Cambridhe University Press, 1993. Susan Rosowski, 'Willa Cather's Subverted Endings and Gendered Time', Cather Studies , 1, 1990 Jean-Paul Satre, 'Time in Kuvempu assignment answers, the work of Faulkner', in The Sound and the Fury , David Minter (ed.), W.W. Norton, 1994 David Stouk, 'Willa Cather and the Russians', Cather Studies , 1, 1990. Add your Your Comments on this essay. Your Comments on Resume writing school Pioneer Opportunities in Cather and Faulkner To add your thoughts about this page, use the university assignment answers comment form below. This page was published on October 2003 | Keywords: Willa Cather, William Faulkner, My Antonia, The Sound and the Fury. The content of this website is Copyright 2016 using a Creative Commons Licence.

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Albert Ellis and the Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Essay Sample. Albert Ellis and the Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. Albert Ellis was born in Pittsburgh, PA on September 17, 1913. He was the eldest out of three children. As a child, he mostly took care of his younger siblings because his father was a business man and was mostly away on business trips. His mother was described as “self-absorbed” and “bi-polar” in his biography; so neither of his parents emotionally supported any of their children. During the Kuvempu university assignment depression, everyone was forced to Architecture research paper work in order to Kuvempu university assignment answers keep afloat. Ellis, however, was very weak.

At the age of 5, he developed a kidney ailment and writing, tonsillitis. By the time he was 7 he had been hospitalized 8 different times, each time his parents no or little emotional support. For college, Ellis went to City University of New York where he earned his business degree. For a few years, he tried to write and create a business; however he discovered that those were not his true callings. University Assignment Answers? During this time, he became an expert in human sexuality and became a counsel. In 1942, Ellis decided he wanted to earn his Ph.D. in clinical psychology. He attended Colombia University and earned his Ph.D. in 1947. As soon as he graduated he worked part-time in private practice in New York, and full-time in paper scientific New Jersey. He ended up quitting part-time, so he would be able to Kuvempu assignment work in private practice full-time. Around this time, Ellis started becoming extremely controversial because of his push for sexual freedom and gay rights. How To? He was known as a “sexologist”.

In 1953, he changed his title to a rational therapist. By 1955, he founded the rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). University Assignment? He later passed away in 2007 due to illness. Albert Ellis’ REBT gave insight as to why people respond the Help writing way they do, therefore making it an interesting topic to Kuvempu university explore. REBT is from the idea that behavior supports irrational thoughts and/or emotions, and all problems are self-generated.

The goal of REBT is to change the behavior which will eventually change the thinking, and to help the patient learn how to experience their emotions in a more rational manner. Ellis’ theory of REBT might have one wonder: 1. What are the irrational beliefs? 2. When does the writing irrational belief tie into REBT? 3. Has there been any experiments that test the REBT? 4. Is the Kuvempu university answers REBT still effective today? What Are the Irrational Beliefs? The rational emotive behavior therapy consists of three main irrational beliefs, otherwise known as “The 3 Musts”. The first “must” is a demand on yourself. This irrational belief has one think they have to Help writing essays online get approval from Kuvempu university answers others in order to be accepted or else they are worthless. Uwc Phd Thesis? This “must” often leads to anxiety, depression, and answers, lack of assertiveness.

The second “must” is a demand on others. This irrational belief is when one thinks that they must be treated fairly, lovingly, and reasonably by others, if not then the person is no good. This “must” leads to hostility, resentment, and violence. The third “must” is a demand on life. This irrational belief has a person think that life must be fair, easy, and hassle-free and of high school, if not, it’s horrible. This “must” leads to hopelessness, procrastination, and addiction.

When Does the Irrational Belief Tie Into REBT? To make the process of people acting out on their irrational beliefs simpler, Albert Ellis created the ABC Model, which shows when the irrational beliefs ties into the REBT. The ABC model is a situation in three steps. Kuvempu Assignment? ‘A’ being the first step, is Research paper writing statement, when the situation is presented. An example of what ‘A’ could be is someone telling you that they think your shirt is ugly. University Answers? The next step is ‘B’, which is the belief that the person holds. Going along with the example mentioned, ‘B’ could be that the person being told their shirt was ugly believes that it wasn’t right for the other person to tell them something like that. The last step is ‘C’, which is the reaction based off their belief. Continuing with the example presented, ‘C’ would be that the person would become angry towards the Architecture pdf one who said their shirt was ugly. Based off of this example, it shows that irrational beliefs are an effect from the situation and the cause of actions. University Assignment Answers? Has There Been Any Experiments that Test the Uwc phd thesis REBT?

There have been experiments conducted to test people’s inference based off their beliefs. Psychologist have done test to prove “subjects who hold irrational beliefs will form inferences that are significantly more dysfunctional than those produced by subjects who hold rational beliefs,” What the university assignment psychologists did in this study was have their subjects fill out a survey about how they felt before going to sleep, and How to write a history paper scientific, gave them a scenario on a card where they would write and rate their actions based on their beliefs. Is the REBT Still Effective Today? Many studies from clinical research and experiments have shown that REBT reduces ones emotional pain. It is university assignment, also one of the most widely practiced therapies in the world. It has helped many people in a wide range of disorders from Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, to an eating disorder, and phobias. Research Paper Writing For You Thesis? Thanks to Albert Ellis, the rational emotive behavior therapy has benefited millions of people all across the university globe, plus many more to come. Bond, F. (1996). Of High School? Testing an REBT theory: The effects of rational beliefs, irational beliefs, and their control. or..

International Journal Of Psychotherapy, 1(1), 55. Cash, Adam. #8220;Playing Together Nicely: Behavior and Cognitive Therapies.#8221; Psychology for Dummies. New York: Hungry Minds, 2002. 288-89. Print. Dr. Mike, Dr.

Abrams, L. (2012). Albert Ellis Biography by Kuvempu assignment answers, Dr. Mike and Dr. Lidia Abrams. Albert Ellis. Biography and Research Site. Retrieved from http://www.rebt.ws/albertellisbiography.html. Ross, W. (2006). Writing? What is Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)?

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essay on nietzsche On the Genealogy of Morals. A Polemical Tract. [This document, which has been prepared by assignment Ian Johnston of Malaspina University-College, Nanaimo, BC, is in the public domain and may be used by anyone, in whole or in part, without permission and without charge, provided the source is acknowledged. Editorial comments and translations in square brackets and italics are by Ian Johnston; comments in normal brackets are from Nietzsche's text]

Good and Evil, Good and Bad. These English psychologists whom we have to thank for the only attempts up to this point to produce a history of the origins of morality—in themselves they serve up to Resume for students school us no small riddle. In the way of a lively riddle, they even offer, I confess, something substantially more than their books—they are interesting in themselves! These English psychologists—what do they really want? We find them, willingly or unwillingly, always at the same work, that is, hauling the partie honteuse [shameful part] of university answers our inner world into the foreground, in order to look right there for Help writing the truly effective and university answers, operative force which has determined our development, the very place where man's intellectual pride least wishes to find it (for example, in the vis inertiae [force of inertia] of habit or in forgetfulness or in a blind, contingent, mechanical joining of ideas or in something else purely passive, automatic, reflex, molecular, and completely stupid)—what is it that really drives these psychologists always in this particular direction?

Is it a secret, malicious, common instinct (perhaps one which is Research personal self-deceiving) for belittling humanity? Or something like a pessimistic suspicion, the mistrust of idealists who've become disappointed, gloomy, venomous, and green. Or a small underground hostility and rancour towards Christianity (and Plato), which perhaps has never once managed to cross the Kuvempu, threshold of consciousness? Or even a lecherous taste for what is odd or painfully paradoxical, for what in existence is questionable and ridiculous? Or finally a bit of all of these—a little vulgarity, a little gloominess, a little hostility to Christianity, a little thrill, and a need for pepper? . . . But people tell me that these men are simply old, cold, boring frogs, which creep and hop around people as if they were in their own proper element, that is, in a swamp. I resist that idea when I hear it. What's more, I don't believe it. And if one is permitted to hope where one cannot know, then I hope from research paper my heart that the situation with these men could be reversed, that these investigators peering at Kuvempu answers the soul through their microscopes could be thoroughly brave, generous, and proud animals, who know how to Architecture control their hearts and their pain and who have educated themselves to Kuvempu university sacrifice everything desirable for the sake of the truth, for the sake of every truth, even the simple, the Research paper personal report, bitter, the hateful, the repellent, the unchristian, the unmoral truth. . . . For there are such truths.— So all respect to the good spirits that may govern in these historians of morality! But it's certainly a pity that they lack the historical spirit itself, that they've been left in the lurch by assignment all the good spirits of history!

Collectively they all think essentially unhistorically, in Uwc phd thesis, the traditional manner of philosophers. Of that there is assignment no doubt. The incompetence of their genealogies of college morals reveals itself at Kuvempu assignment answers the very beginning, where the Uwc phd thesis, issue is to determine the origin of the idea and of the answers, judgment good. People, so they proclaim, originally praised unegoistic actions and called them good from the perspective of those for Uwc phd thesis whom they were done, that is, those for whom such actions were useful. Later people forgot how this praise began, and Kuvempu university assignment answers, because unegoistic actions had, according to of high custom, always been praised as good, people then simply felt them as good, as if they were something inherently good. We see right away that this initial derivation already contains all the typical characteristics of the idiosyncrasies of English psychologists—we have usefulness, forgetting, habit, and finally error, all as the foundation for an evaluation in which the higher man up to this time has taken pride, as if it were a sort of privilege of men generally. This pride should be humbled, this evaluation of worth emptied of value. Has that been achieved? Now, first of university assignment all, it's obvious to me that from Help college online this theory the origin of the idea good has been sought for Kuvempu university answers and established in the wrong place: the for students of high school, judgment good did not move here from those to whom goodness was shown! It is much more that case that the good people themselves, that is, the university assignment answers, noble, powerful, higher-ranking and higher-thinking people felt and Uwc phd thesis, set themselves and university, their actions up as good, that is to paper writing thesis say, of the first rank, in contrast to everything low, low-minded, common, and vulgar.

From this pathos of distance they first arrogated to themselves the right to create values, to university assignment stamp out the names for Uwc phd thesis values. What did they care about assignment, usefulness! In relation to such a hot pouring out of the Resume writing for students of high school, highest rank-ordering, rank-setting judgments of value, the point of view which considers utility is as foreign and inappropriate as possible. Here the feeling has reached the opposite of that low level of university assignment answers warmth which is a condition for that calculating shrewdness, that calculation by utility—and not just for a moment, not for an exceptional hour, but permanently. The pathos of nobility and distance, as mentioned, the lasting and paper writing for you statement, domineering feeling, something total and complete, of university answers a higher ruling nature in for students school, relation to a lower nature, to an beneath—that is the university answers, origin of the opposition between god and bad. (The right of the master to give names extends so far that we could permit ourselves to grasp the origin of language itself as an expression of the power of the rulers: they say that is such and such, seal every object and Resume writing for students of high, event with a sound and, in university, so doing, take possession of a history paper it.) Given this origin, the word good was not in university assignment answers, any way necessarily tied up with unegoistic actions, as the superstitions of those genealogists of morality tell us. Rather, that occurs for the first time with the collapse of Resume of high school aristocratic value judgments, when this entire contrast between egoistic and unegoistic pressed itself ever more strongly into assignment answers human awareness—it is, to use my own words, the for students school, instinct of the herd which, through this contrast, finally gets its word (and its words).

And even so, it took a long time until this instinct in the masses became ruler, with the result that moral evaluation got downright hung up and bogged down on this opposition (as is the case, for example, in Kuvempu, modern Europe: today the prejudice that takes moralistic, unegoistic, dsintress [disinterested] as equally valuable ideas already governs, with the force of a fixed idea and a disease of the brain). Secondly, however, and quite separate from the fact that this hypothesis about the Research writing, origin of the value judgment good is Kuvempu assignment answers historically untenable, it suffers from an inherent psychological contradiction. The utility of the unegoistic action is paper writing for you thesis statement supposed to be the origin of the praise it receives, and this origin has allegedly been forgotten: but how is this forgetting even possible? Could the usefulness of such actions at some time or other just stop? The case is the opposite: this utility has rather been an everyday experience throughout the ages, and thus something that has always been constantly re-emphasized. Hence, instead of disappearing out of consciousness, instead of becoming something forgettable, it must have pressed itself into the consciousness with ever-increasing clarity. How much more sensible is the contrasting theory (which is not therefore closer to the truth), for Kuvempu assignment answers example, the one which is advocated by How to write Herbert Spencer: he proposes that the idea good is Kuvempu university essentially the same as the idea useful or functional, so that in Architecture research pdf, judgments about good and bad human beings sum up and endorse the experiences they have not forgotten and cannot forget concerning the university assignment, useful-functional and the harmful-useless. According to this theory, good is something which has always proved useful, so that it may assert its validity as valuable in the highest degree or as valuable in Uwc phd thesis, itself. This path to an explanation is, as mentioned, also false, but at least the account itself is sensible and psychologically tenable. I was given a hint in the right direction by this question: What, from an etymological perspective, do the meanings of Kuvempu university assignment Good as manifested in different languages really mean? There I found that all of them lead back to the same transformation of ideas, that everywhere noble or aristocratic in a social sense is the fundamental idea out of which good in the sense of Help writing essays online spiritually noble, aristocratic, spiritually high-minded, spiritually privileged necessarily develop—a process which always runs in university, parallel with that other one which finally transforms common, vulgar, and low into the concept bad.

The most eloquent example of the latter is the German word schlect [bad] itself—which is identical with the word schlicht [plain] —compare schlectweg [quite simply] and paper report, schlechterdings [simply] . Assignment Answers! Originally these words designated the plain, common man, but without any suspicious side glance, simply in contrast to the nobility. Uwc Phd Thesis! Around the time of the Thirty Years War approximately—hence late enough—this sense changed into the one used now. In connection with the genealogy of morals, this point strikes me as a fundamental insight—that it was first discovered so late we can ascribe to Kuvempu answers the repressive influence which democratic prejudice in for you, the modern world exercises over all questions of Kuvempu university assignment origin. And this occurs in Architecture pdf, the apparently objective realm of Kuvempu assignment natural science and physiology, a point which I can only hint at of high school here. But the sort of mischief this prejudice can cause, once it has become unleashed as hatred, particularly where morality and history are concerned, is Kuvempu assignment revealed in the well-known case of Buckle: the Architecture research paper, plebeian nature of the modern spirit, which originated in England, broke out once again on its home turf, as violently as a muddy volcano and with the same salty, overloud, and common eloquence with which all previous volcanoes have spoken (1). With respect to our problem—which for good reasons we can call a quiet problem, so refined that it directs itself only at a few ears—there is no little interest in establishing the point that often in those words and Kuvempu university assignment, roots which designate good there still shines through the main nuance of what made the nobility feel they were men of higher rank.

It's true that in most cases they perhaps named themselves simply after their superiority in power (as the powerful, the masters, those in command) or after the Research writing report, most visible sign of university answers their superiority, for example, as the rich or the owners (that is the meaning of arya , and the corresponding words in Iranian and Slavic). But they also named themselves after a typical characteristic, and that is the case which is our concern here. For instance, they called themselves the truthful—above all the college online, Greek nobility, whose mouthpiece is the Megarian poet Theogonis. The word developed for this characteristic— esthlos [fine, noble] —indicates, according to assignment answers its root meaning, a man who is, who possess reality, who really exists. Then, with a subjective transformation, it indicates the true man as the research paper pdf, truthful man. Kuvempu Assignment Answers! In this phase of conceptual transformation it became the Resume for students of high school, slogan and catch phrase for the nobility, and its sense shifted entirely over to aristocratic, to mark a distinction from the lying common man, as Theogonis takes and university answers, presents him, until finally, after the paper personal report, decline of the nobility, the word remains as a designation of spiritual nobility and, so to speak, becomes ripe and sweet. In the Kuvempu assignment answers, word kakos [weak, worthless] as in Uwc phd thesis, the word deilos [cowardly] (the plebeian in contrast to assignment the agathos [good, excellent] ) the cowardice is Architecture research paper emphasized. This perhaps provides a hint about the answers, direction in which we have to seek the etymological origin for Research paper report the multiple meanings of Kuvempu assignment agathos . In the Latin word malus [bad] (which I place alongside melas [black] ) the common man could be designated as the dark-coloured, above all as the dark-haired ( hic niger est [this man is black] ), as the pre-Aryan inhabitant of Italian soil, who stood out from those who became dominant, the blonds, that is, the conquering race of Aryans, most clearly through this colour.

At any rate, the Gaelic race offers me an exactly corresponding example. The word fin (for example, in the name Fin-Gal ), the research, term designating nobility and finally the good, noble, and pure, originally referred to the blond-headed man in contrast to the dusky, dark-haired original inhabitants. Incidentally, the university answers, Celts were a thoroughly blond race. People are wrong when they link the Help college essays, traces of university assignment a basically dark-haired population, which are noticeable on the carefully prepared ethnographic maps of Germany, with any Celtic origin and mixing of blood, as Virchow does. It is much rather the Uwc phd thesis, case that in these places the pre-Aryan population of Germany emerged. (The same is true for almost all of Europe: essentially the conquered races finally attained the upper hand for Kuvempu assignment answers themselves once again in colour, shortness of skull, perhaps even in the intellectual and social instincts: who can confirm for research paper us that modern democracy, the even more modern anarchism, and indeed that preference for the Commune, for the primitive form of society, which all European socialists now share, does not indicate a monstrous counter-attack and that the ruling and master race, the Kuvempu answers, Aryans, is not being defeated, even physiologically?)

The Latin word bonus I believe I can explicate as the warrior, provided that I am correct in tracing bonus back to an older word duonus (compare bellum [war] = duellum [war] = duen-lum , which seems to paper report me to contain that word duonus ). Hence, bonus as a man of war, of division ( duo ), as a warrior. We can see what constituted a man's goodness in ancient Rome. What about our German word Gut [good] itself. Doesn't it indicate den Gttlichen [the god-like man] ? And isn't it identical to the people's (originally the nobles') name for the Goths? The basis for this hypothesis does not belong here. From this rule that the concept of political superiority always resolves itself into the concept of spiritual priority, it is not really an exception (although there is room for Kuvempu university assignment exceptions), when the highest caste is also the priest caste and consequently for its total range of write paper scientific meanings prefers a scale of values which recalls its priestly function. University! So, for Architecture pdf example, for the first time the words pure and impure appear as marks of one's social position and later a good and a bad develop which no longer refer to social position. People should be warned not to take these ideas of pure and impure from the outset too seriously, too broadly, or even symbolically. All the ideas of ancient humanity are much rather initially to be understood to a degree we can hardly imagine as coarse, crude, superficial, narrow, blunt and, in particular, unsymbolic. The pure man is from the start simply a man who washes himself, who forbids himself certain foods which produce diseases of the skin, who doesn't sleep with the dirty women of the lower people, who has a horror of blood—no more, not much more! On the other hand, from the very nature of an Kuvempu university essentially priestly aristocracy it is clear enough how even here early on the opposition between different evaluations could become dangerously internalized and sharpened.

And in paper writing for you, fact they finally ripped open fissures between man and Kuvempu assignment, man, over which even an Achilles or a free spirit could not cross without shivering. From the write a history, very beginning there is something unhealthy about such priestly aristocracies and about the customary attitudes which govern in them, which turn away from action, sometimes brooding, sometimes exploding with emotion, as a result of which in Kuvempu assignment, the priests of almost all ages there have appeared debilitating intestinal illness and neurasthenia. But what they themselves came up with as a remedy for this pathological disease—surely we can assert that it has finally shown itself, through its effects, as even a hundred times more dangerous than the illness for which it was meant to Uwc phd thesis provide relief. Human beings are still sick from the after effects of this priestly navet in healing! Let's think, for example, of certain forms of diet (avoiding meat), of fasting, of celibacy, of the flight into the desert (Weir Mitchell's isolation, but naturally without the fattening up cure and overeating which follow it—a treatment which constitutes the most effective treatment for all hysteria induced by Kuvempu answers the ideals of asceticism): consider also the Help writing essays online, whole metaphysic of the priests—so hostile to the senses, making men so lazy and Kuvempu assignment, sophisticated—or the way they hypnotize themselves in the manner of research paper pdf fakirs and Brahmins—Brahmanism employed as a glass head and a fixed idea Consider finally the only too understandable and common dissatisfaction with its radical cure, with nothingness (or God—the desire for a unio mystica [mystical union] with God is the desire of the Kuvempu assignment, Buddhist for nothingness, nirvana—nothing more!). Among the priests, everything becomes more dangerous—not only the remedies and Help writing college, arts of healing, but also pride, vengeance, mental acuity, excess, love, thirst for power, virtue, illness—although it's fair enough to Kuvempu assignment add that on the foundation of this basically dangerous form of human existence, the priest, for the first time the human being became, in general, an interesting animal, that here the human soul first attained depth in a higher sense and became evil—and, indeed, these are the two fundamental reasons for humanity's superiority, up to now, over other animals. You will have already guessed how easily the priestly way of evaluating could split from the knightly-aristocratic and then continue to develop into college essays its opposite. Such a development receives a special stimulus every time the priest caste and the warrior caste confront each other jealously and are not willing to agree about the Kuvempu, winner. Research! The knightly-aristocratic judgments of value have as their basic assumption a powerful physicality, a blooming, rich, even overflowing health, together with those things which are required to maintain these qualities—war, adventure, hunting, dancing, war games, and in general everything which involves strong, free, happy action. The priestly-noble method of evaluating has, as we saw, other preconditions: these make it difficult enough for them when it comes to war! As is well known, priests are the Kuvempu university assignment, most evil of enemies—but why?

Because they are the most powerless. From their powerlessness, their hate grows into something immense and terrifying, to the most spiritual and most poisonous manifestations. Those who have been the greatest haters in world history and the most spiritually rich haters have always been the Research personal writing report, priests—in comparison with the spirit of priestly revenge all the remaining spirits are hardly worth considering. Answers! Human history would be a really stupid affair without that spirit which entered it from the powerless. Let us quickly consider the greatest example.

Everything on earth which has been done against the nobility, the powerful, the masters, the possessors of power is not worth mentioning in comparison with what the Jews have done against them—the Jews, that priestly people who knew how to personal get final satisfaction from their enemies and conquerors through a radical transformation of their values, that is, through an act of the most spiritual revenge. This was appropriate only to a priestly people with the most deeply rooted priestly desire for answers revenge. In opposition to the aristocratic value equations (good = noble = powerful = beautiful = fortunate = loved by god), the Jews successfully and with a fearsome consistency dared to reverse it and to hang on to that with the thesis, teeth of the most profound hatred (the hatred of the powerless), that is, to only those who suffer are good; only the poor, the powerless, the low are good; only the suffering, those in need, the answers, sick, the ugly are the pious; only they are blessed by God; for them alone there is salvation. By contrast, you privileged and powerful people, you are for all eternity the evil, the cruel, the lecherous, insatiable, the godless—you will also be the unblessed, the cursed, and the damned for all eternity! We know who inherited this Judaic transformation of values . . Uwc Phd Thesis! . In connection with that huge and immeasurably disastrous initiative which the Jews launched with this most fundamental of all declarations of war, I recall the sentence I wrote at another time (in Beyond Good and Evil , p. 118)—namely, that with the assignment, Jews the slave condition in morality begins: that condition which has a two-thousand-year-old history behind it and which we nowadays no longer notice because, well, because it has triumphed.

But you fail to understand that? You have no eye for something that needed two millennia to emerge victorious? . . Write A History Paper Scientific! . That's nothing to wonder at: all lengthy things are hard to see, to assess. However, that's what took place: out of the trunk of that tree of vengeance and Kuvempu assignment answers, hatred, Jewish hatred, the deepest and Resume writing, most sublime hatred, that is, a hatred which creates ideals and transforms values—something whose like has never been seen on earth—from that grew something just as incomparable, a new love, the deepest and most sublime of all the forms of love. From what other trunk could that have grown? . . . However, you must not make the mistake of thinking that this love arose essentially as the Kuvempu assignment answers, denial of that thirst for How to write vengeance, as the opposite of Jewish hatred. No.

The reverse is the truth! This love grew out of that hatred, as its crown, as the victorious crown extending itself wider and wider in the purest brightness and sunshine, which, so to speak, was seeking for the kingdom of light and height, the goal of that hate—aiming for victory, trophies, seduction—with the same urgency with which the Kuvempu university answers, roots of Help writing college essays that hatred were sinking down ever deeper and more greedily into everything deep and evil. Take this Jesus of Nazareth, the bodily evangelist of love, the assignment answers, Saviour, who brought holiness and victory to the poor, to the sick, to the sinners. Was he not in fact seduction in its most terrible and irresistible form, the seduction and detour to exactly those Judaic values and new ideals? Didn't Israel in fact attain, with the detour of this Saviour, with this apparent enemy to and dissolver of Israel, the final goal of its sublime thirst for vengeance? Isn't it part of the secret black art of a truly great politics of writing vengeance, a far-sighted, underground, slowly expropriating, and premeditated revenge, that Israel itself had to disown and Kuvempu university assignment answers, nail to the cross the tool essential to its revenge before all the world, so that all the world, that is, all Israel's enemies, could then swallow this bait? On the other hand, could anyone, using the full subtlety of his mind, imagine a more dangerous bait? Something to match the enticing, intoxicating, narcotizing, corrupting power of that symbol of the holy cross, that ghastly paradox of a god on paper personal writing report the cross, that mystery of an university answers unimaginable and ultimate cruelty and self-crucifixion of god for the salvation of mankind? . . Help College Essays Online! . At least it is certain that sub hoc signo [under this sign] Israel, with its vengeance and revaluation of the university assignment, worth of all other previous values, has triumphed again and again over paper writing statement, all other ideals, over assignment, all nobler ideals.

But what are you doing still talking about more noble ideals! Let's look at the facts: the people have triumphed—or 'the slaves,' or 'the rabble,' or 'the herd,' or whatever you want to call them—if this has taken place because of the Uwc phd thesis, Jews, then good for them! No people had a more world-historical mission. 'The masters' have been disposed of. Kuvempu Assignment! The morality of the common man has won. We may take this victory as a blood poisoning (it did mix the races up)—I don't deny that. But this intoxication has undoubtedly been successful. The 'Salvation' of the human race (namely, from 'the masters') is well under way. Everything is turning Jewish or Christian or plebeian (what do the words matter!). The progress of this poison through the entire body of humanity seems irresistible—although its tempo and pace may seem from paper for you thesis now on constantly slower, more delicate, less audible, more circumspect—well, we have time enough. . . From this point of view, does the church today still have necessary work to Kuvempu university answers do, does it really have a right to exist? Or could we dispense with it?

Quaeritur . [That's a question to essays be asked] . It seems that it obstructs and hinders the Kuvempu assignment answers, progress of this poison, instead of speeding it up? Well, that might even be what makes the church useful . . . Certainly the church is something positively gross and vulgar, which a more delicate intelligence, a truly modern taste resists. Should the church at least not be something more sophisticated? . . . Today the church alienates more than it seduces. . Uwc Phd Thesis! . Who among us would really be a free spirit if the Kuvempu university assignment, church were not there? The church repels us, not its poison. . . . Apart from the church, we love the poison. . . This is the epilogue of How to a history a free thinker to my speech, an honest animal, who has revealed himself well—and he's a democrat. He listened to me up that that point and couldn't stand to hear my silence. But for Kuvempu answers me at this point there is much to be silent about. The slave revolt in morality begins when the resentment itself becomes creative and gives birth to values: the resentment of those beings who are prevented from a genuinely active reaction and who compensate for that with a merely imaginary vengeance. Uwc Phd Thesis! While all noble morality grows out of a triumphant self-affirmation, slave morality from the start says No to what is outside, other, a non-self.

And this No is its creative act. This transformation of the glance which confers value—this necessary projection towards what is outer instead of back into answers itself—that is inherent in resentment. In order to Architecture research paper pdf arise, slave morality always requires first an opposing world, a world outside itself. Psychologically speaking, it needs external stimuli in order to university act at all. Its action is basically reaction. The reverse is the case with the noble method of valuing: it acts and grows spontaneously. It seeks its opposite Research paper writing report, only to affirm itself even more thankfully, with even more rejoicing.

Its negative concept of low, common, bad is only a pale contrasting image after the fact in relation to its positive basic concept, intoxicated with life and passion, We are noble, good, beautiful, and happy! When the noble way of evaluating makes a mistake and abuses reality, that happens with reference to the sphere which it does not know well enough, indeed, the sphere it has strongly resisted learning the truth about: under certain circumstances it misjudges the Kuvempu assignment answers, sphere it despises—the sphere of the common man, the low people. On the other hand, we should consider that even assuming that the effect of paper writing for you contempt, of looking down or looking superior, falsifies the image of the university answers, person despised, such distortion will fall short by a long way of the distortion with which the How to scientific, repressed hatred and Kuvempu university assignment answers, vengeance of the powerless man mistakenly assault his opponent—naturally, in writing essays, effigy. In fact, in contempt there is too much negligence, too much dismissiveness, too much looking away and impatience, all mixed together, even too much feeling of joy, for it to be capable of Kuvempu university answers converting its object into a truly distorted monster. We should not fail to hear the almost benevolent nuances which for a Greek noble, for example, lay in all the words with which he set himself above the Uwc phd thesis, lower people—how a constant type of Kuvempu university assignment answers pity, consideration, and forbearance is mixed in there, sweetening the words, to the point where almost all words which refer to Research personal report the common man finally remain as expressions for unhappy, worthy of pity (compare deilos [cowardly] , deilaios [lowly, mean] , poneros [oppressed by toil, wretched] , mochtheros [suffering, wretched] —the last two basically designating the common man as a slave worker and beast of burden).

On the other hand, for the Greek ear the Kuvempu university, words bad, low, unhappy have never stopped echoing a single note, one tone colour, in research paper pdf, which unhappy predominates. University Assignment! That is the Uwc phd thesis, inheritance of the old, noble, aristocratic way of evaluating, which does not betray its principles even in contempt. (Philologists might recall the sense in which oizuros [miserable] , anolbos [unblessed] , tlemon [wretched] , dustychein [unfortunate] , xymfora [misfortune] were used). The well born felt that they were the happy ones; they did not have to construct their happiness artificially first by looking at their enemies, or in university answers, some circumstance to talk themselves into it, to lie to themselves (the way all men of resentment habitually do). Similarly they knew, as complete men, overloaded with power and thus necessarily active, they must not separate action from happiness. They considered being active necessarily associated with happiness (that's where the phrase eu prattein [do well, succeed] derives its origin)—all this is very much the opposite of happiness at the level of the powerless, the oppressed, those festering with poisonous and hostile feelings, among whom happiness comes out essentially as a narcotic, an anesthetic, quiet, peace, Sabbath, relaxing the Uwc phd thesis, soul, stretching one's limbs, in short, as something passive. While the noble man lives for Kuvempu university answers himself with trust and candour ( gennaios , meaning of Uwc phd thesis noble birth stresses the nuance upright and also probably nave), the man of resentment is neither upright nor nave, nor honest and direct with himself. Assignment Answers! His soul squints. His spirit loves hiding places, secret paths, and Research paper for you statement, back doors. Everything furtive attracts him as his world, his security, his refreshment.

He understands about remaining silent, not forgetting, waiting, temporarily diminishing himself, humiliating himself. A race of such men will necessarily end up cleverer than any noble race. It will value cleverness to assignment answers a very different extent, that is, as a condition of existence of the utmost importance; whereas, cleverness among noble men easily acquires a delicate aftertaste of luxury and sophistication about it. Help College Essays Online! Here it is not nearly so important as the complete certainly of the ruling unconscious instincts or even a certain lack of cleverness, something like brave recklessness, whether in the face of assignment answers danger or of an enemy, or wildly enthusiastic, sudden fits of writing school anger, love, reverence, thankfulness, and Kuvempu assignment answers, vengefulness, by which in all ages noble souls have recognized each other. The resentment of the noble man himself, if it comes over a history scientific, him, consumes and exhausts itself in an immediate reaction and Kuvempu answers, therefore does not poison. On the other hand, in countless cases it just does not appear, whereas in the case of research all weak and powerless people it is unavoidable.

The noble man cannot take his enemies, his misfortunes, even his bad deeds seriously for very long—that is the university assignment, mark of paper a strong, complete nature, in whom there is a surplus of plastic, creative, healing power, which also can make one forget (a good example for that from the modern world is Mirabeau, who had no memory of the university answers, insults and maliciousness people directed at him, and who therefore could not forgive, because he just forgot). Such a man with one shrug throws off him all those worms which eat into other men. Only here is Uwc phd thesis possible (provided that it is at all possible on Kuvempu assignment answers earth) the Research paper writing for you thesis, real love for one's enemy. How much respect a noble man already has for his enemies! And such a respect is already a bridge to love . . . In fact, he demands his enemy for himself, as his mark of honour. Indeed, he has no enemy other than one who has nothing to despise and Kuvempu assignment, a great deal to respect! By contrast, imagine for yourself the enemy as a man of resentment conceives him—and right here we have his action, his creation: he has conceptualized the evil enemy,: the evil one, and as a fundamental idea—and from that he now thinks his way to an opposite image and counterpart, a good man—himself! We see exactly the opposite with the noble man, who conceives the fundamental idea good in Uwc phd thesis, advance and spontaneously by himself and from there first creates a picture of bad for himself. This bad originating from the noble man and that evil arising out university answers, of the stew pot of insatiable hatred—of these the first is a later creation, an Architecture paper afterthought, a complementary colour; whereas the second is the original, the university answers, beginning, the essential act of conception in slave morality. Although the two words bad and evil both seem opposite to the same idea of good, how different they are.

But it is not the How to write a history paper, same idea of the good; it is much rather a question of who the evil man really is, in Kuvempu, the sense of the morality of resentment. The strict answer to that is this: precisely the good man of the other morality, the noble man himself, the powerful, the ruling man, only coloured over, reinterpreted, and Uwc phd thesis, seen through the poisonous eyes of resentment. Here there is one thing we will be the last to deny: the man who knows these good men only as enemies, knows them as nothing but evil enemies, and the same men who are so strongly held bound by custom, honour, habit, thankfulness, even more by mutual suspicion and jealousy inter pares [among equals] and who, by contrast, demonstrate in assignment, relation to each other such resourceful consideration, self-control, refinement, loyalty, pride, and friendship—these men, once outside where the strange world, the foreign, begins, are not much better than beasts of prey turned loose. There they enjoy freedom from all social constraints. In the wilderness they make up for the tension which a long fenced-in confinement within the peace of the community brings about.

They go back to the innocent consciousness of a wild beast of prey, as joyful monsters, who perhaps walk away from a dreadful sequence of murder, arson, rape, and torture with exhilaration and spiritual equilibrium, as if they had merely pulled off a student prank, convinced that the poets now have something more to sing about and praise for a long time. At the bottom of all these noble races we cannot fail to recognize the beast of prey, the blond beast splendidly roaming around in its lust for loot and victory. This hidden basis from time to time needs to be discharged: the animal must come out again, must go back into the wilderness,—Roman, Arab, German, Japanese nobility, Homeric heroes, Scandinavian Vikings—in this need they are all alike. It was the noble races which left behind the concept of the barbarian in all their tracks, wherever they went. A consciousness of and a pride in this fact reveals itself even in their highest culture (for example, when Pericles says to Research paper for you statement his Athenians, in Kuvempu, that famous Funeral Speech, our audacity has broken a way through to every land and sea, putting up permanent memorials to itself for Architecture research good and ill.). This audacity of the noble races, mad, absurd, sudden in the way it expresses itself, its unpredictability, even the university, improbability of its undertakings—Pericles emphatically praises the rayhumia [mental balance, freedom from anxiety] of the Athenians—its indifference to and contempt for safety, body, life, comfort, its fearsome cheerfulness and the depth of its joy in research pdf, all destruction, in Kuvempu university, all the physical pleasures of victory and cruelty—everything summed up for those who suffer from such audacity in the image of the barbarian, the evil enemy, something like the Goth or the Vandal. The deep, icy mistrust which the German evokes, as soon as he comes to power—even today—is still an after-effect of that unforgettable terror with which for personal a century Europe confronted the university, rage of the blond German beast (although there is hardly any idea linking the old Germanic tribes and we Germans, let alone any blood relationship). Once before I have remarked on Hesiod's dilemma when he thought up his sequence of cultural periods and sought to express them as Gold, Silver, and Iron. But he didn't know what to do with the contradiction presented to him by Research thesis statement the marvelous but, at Kuvempu the same time, so horrifying world of Homer, other than to make two cultural ages out of one, then placing one after the Architecture research paper pdf, other—first the age of Heroes and Demi-gods from Troy and Thebes, just as that world remained as a memorial for the noble races who had their own ancestors in it, and then the Iron Age, as that same world appeared to the descendants of the downtrodden, exploited, ill treated, those carried off and Kuvempu, sold—a metallic age, as mentioned: hard, cold, cruel, empty of feeling and scruples, with everything crushed and covered over in write paper scientific, blood. Assuming as true what in Kuvempu university assignment, any event is taken as the truth nowadays, that it is precisely the purpose of all culture to Uwc phd thesis breed a tame and civilized animal, a domestic pet, out of the beast of prey man, then we would undoubtedly have to Kuvempu consider the essential instruments of culture all those instinctive reactions and essays, resentments by means of which the noble races with all their ideals were finally disgraced and overpowered—but that would not be to claim that the bearers of these instincts also in Kuvempu university, themselves represented culture. It would much rather be the case that the opposite is not only probable—no! nowadays it is How to a history visibly apparent.

These people carrying instincts for university assignment answers oppression and How to scientific, a lust for revenge, the descendants of all European and Kuvempu university answers, non-European slavery, and Uwc phd thesis, all pre-Aryan populations in Kuvempu assignment answers, particular, represent the regression of mankind! These instruments of culture are a disgrace to humanity, more a reason to research pdf be suspicious of or a counterargument against Kuvempu university answers culture in write paper, general! We may well be right when we hang onto our fear of the university assignment answers, blond beast at the base of all noble races and keep up our guard. But who would not find it a hundred times better to fear if he could at Help writing college essays the same time be allowed to admire, rather than not fear and no longer be able to rid himself of the disgusting sight of the failures, the stunted, the emaciated, the poisoned? Is not that our fate?

Today what is it that constitutes our aversion to man? For we suffer from man—there's no doubt of that. It's not a matter of fear, rather it's the fact that we have nothing more to fear from men, that the maggot man is in the foreground swarming around, that the tame man, the hopelessly mediocre and unpleasant man, has already learned to feel that he is the goal, the pinnacle, the meaning of history, the higher man,—yes indeed, he even has a certain right to feel that about Kuvempu assignment, himself, insofar as he feels separate from the writing of high, excess of failed, sick, tired, spent people, who are nowadays beginning to make Europe stink, and feels at least somewhat successful, at least still capable of life, at least able to say yes to life. At this point I won't suppress a sigh and a final hope. Kuvempu University Assignment Answers! What is it exactly than I find so totally unbearable? Something which I cannot deal with on my own, which makes me choke and Architecture, feel faint? Bad air! Bad air! It's when something which has failed comes close to me, when I have to smell the entrails of university assignment answers a failed soul!

Apart from that what can we not endure by way of need, deprivation, bad weather, infirmity, hardship, loneliness? Basically we can deal with all the other things, born as we are to an underground and struggling existence. We come back again and again into the light, we live over and over our golden hour of victory—and then we stand there, just as we were born, unbreakable, tense, ready for something new, for How to write a history paper something even more difficult, more distant, like a bow which all trouble only serves to university answers pull more tight. But if there are heavenly goddesses who are our patrons, beyond good and How to a history, evil, then from time to time grant me a glimpse, grant me a single glimpse into something perfect, something completely developed, something happy, powerful, triumphant, from which there is still something to Kuvempu answers fear! A glimpse of a man who justifies humanity, of Resume school a complementary and redeeming stroke-of-luck of a man, for whose sake we can hang onto a faith in humanity! . . . For matters stand like this: the diminution and levelling of Kuvempu university answers European man hides our greatest danger, for the sight of him makes us tired.

We don't see anything today which wants to be greater. We suspect that things are constantly going down and down into something thinner, more good-natured, more prudent, more comfortable, more mediocre, more indifferent, more Chinese, more Christian—humanity, there is no doubt, is becoming constantly better . . . Europe's fate lies right here. With our fear of Uwc phd thesis mankind we also have lost our love for answers mankind, our reverence for mankind, our hopes for mankind, even our will to be mankind. A glimpse at man makes us tired—what is today's nihilism, if it is not that? . . . We are weary of man. But let's go back: the problem with the How to a history paper scientific, other origin of the good, of the good as the man of resentment has imagined it for himself, demands some conclusion.

That lambs are annoyed at the great predatory birds is not a strange thing, and it provides no reason for Kuvempu holding anything against these large birds of prey, because they snatch away small lambs. And if the lambs say among themselves These predatory birds are evil—and whoever is paper personal least like a predatory bird—and especially who is like its opposite, a lamb—shouldn't that animal be good? there is Kuvempu nothing to find fault with in this setting up of an ideal, except for the fact that the birds of How to paper scientific prey might look down with a little mockery and perhaps say to themselves We are not at all annoyed with these good lambs—we even love them. Nothing is tastier than a tender lamb. To demand that strength does not express itself as strength, that it must not consist of a will to overpower, a will to throw down, a will to rule, a thirst for enemies and opposition and triumph—that is as unreasonable as to demand that weakness express itself as strength. Kuvempu Assignment! A quantum of force is just such a quantum of drive, will, action—indeed, it is nothing but these drives, willing, and write paper scientific, actions in themselves—and it cannot appear as anything else except through the assignment, seduction of language (and the fundamental errors of reason petrified in it), which understands and Research, misunderstands all action as conditioned by Kuvempu university assignment something which causes actions, by a Subject. In fact, in just the same way as people separate lightning from its flash and take the latter as an action, as the effect of a subject, which is called lightning, so popular morality separates strength from the manifestations of that strength, as if behind the paper scientific, strong person there is an Kuvempu assignment indifferent substrate, which is free to How to write a history paper manifest strength or not. But there is no such substrate, there is no being behind the doing, acting, becoming.

The doer is merely invented after the fact—the act is everything. People basically duplicate the event: when they see lightning, well, that is an action of an action: they set up the same event first as the cause and then again as its effect. Natural scientists are no better when they say Force moves, force causes and so on—our entire scientific knowledge, for all its coolness, its freedom from feelings, still remains exposed to the seductions of language and has not gotten rid of the changelings foisted on it, the university assignment answers, Subject (the atom, for example, is for students of high such a changeling, like the Kantian Thing in university assignment answers, itself): it's no wonder that the repressed, secretly smouldering feelings of rage and hate use this belief for themselves and, in fact, maintain a faith in nothing more strongly than in the idea that the strong are free to be weak and predatory birds are free to be lambs—and in so doing, they arrogate to themselves the Help writing online, right to Kuvempu university answers blame the How to scientific, birds of prey for Kuvempu university assignment being birds of prey . How To Paper Scientific! . . When the oppressed, the downtrodden, the university assignment, conquered say to each other, with the vengeful cunning of the powerless, Let us be different from Research evil people, namely, good! And that man is good who does not overpower, who hurts no one, who does not attack, who does not retaliate, who hands revenge over to God, who keeps himself hidden, as we do, who avoids all evil and demands little from life in university answers, general—like us, the Research for you thesis statement, patient, humble, and upright—what that amounts to, coolly expressed and without bias, is essentially nothing more than We weak people are merely weak. It's good if we do nothing, because we are not strong enough. But this bitter state, this shrewdness of the lowest ranks, which even insects possess (for in great danger they stand as if they were dead in order not to do too much), has, thanks to the counterfeiting and self-deception of powerlessness, dressed itself in the splendour of a self-denying, still, patient virtue, just as if the weakness of the weak man himself—that means his essence, his actions, his entire single, inevitable, and irredeemable reality—is a voluntary achievement, something willed, chosen, an act, something of merit. This kind of Kuvempu assignment answers man needs to believe in the disinterested, freely choosing subject out of Help writing college essays online his instinct for self-preservation, self-approval, in which every falsehood is habitually sanctified.

The subject (or, to use a more popular style, the soul) has up to now probably been the university answers, best principle for belief on earth, because, for the majority of the Research report, dying, the weak, and the downtrodden of all sorts, it makes possible a sublime self-deception which establishes weakness itself as freedom and their being like this or that as something meritorious. Is there anyone who would like to Kuvempu university take a little look down on and under that secret how man fabricates an ideal on Uwc phd thesis earth? Who has the university assignment answers, courage for research paper pdf that? Come on, now! Here is an open glimpse into this dark workshop. University Assignment Answers! Just wait a moment, my dear Mr. Presumptuous and Nosy: your eye must first get used to this artificial flickering light. . . So, enough! Now speak! What's going on down there? Speak up.

Say what you see, man of the most dangerous curiosity—now I'm the one who's listening.— —I see nothing, but I hear all the more. It is a careful and crafty light rumour-mongering and whispering from every nook and cranny. It seem to me that people are lying; a sugary mildness clings to every sound. Weakness is going to be falsified into something of Resume of high merit. There's no doubt about it—things are just as you said they were. —and powerlessness which does not retaliate is being falsified into 'goodness,' anxious baseness into 'humility,' submission before those one hates to 'obedience' (of course, obedience to university assignment answers the one who, they say, commands this submission—they call him God). The inoffensiveness of the weak man, even cowardice, in which he is rich, his standing at the door, his inevitable need to wait around—here these acquire good names, like 'patience' and are called virtue. Research Paper Pdf! That incapacity for revenge is called the lack of assignment desire for revenge, perhaps even forgiveness ('for they know not what they do—only we know what they do!'). And people are talking about Uwc phd thesis, 'love for one's enemy'—and sweating as they say it.

They are miserable—there's no doubt about that—all these rumour mongers and counterfeiters in the corners, although crouched down beside each other in university, the warmth—but they are telling me that their misery is God's choice, His sign. One beats the dog one loves the most. Perhaps this misery may be a preparation, a test, an thesis education, perhaps it is even more—something that will one day be rewarded and paid out with huge interest in gold, no, in happiness. They call that 'blessedness'. Now they are telling me that they are not only better than the powerful, the masters of the earth, whose spit they have to lick (not out of fear, certainly not out of fear, but because God commands that they honour those in Kuvempu university answers, authority)—they are not only better than these but they also are 'better off,' or at any rate will one day have it better. But enough! Enough!

I can't endure it any more. Bad air! Bad air! This workshop where man fabricates ideals—it seems to me it stinks from nothing but lies. —No! Just wait a minute more! So far you haven't said anything about the masterpiece of these black magicians who know how to How to a history paper make whiteness, milk, and innocence out of every blackness.

Have you not noticed the perfection of their sophistication, their most daring, refined, most spiritual, most fallacious artistic attempt. Pay attention! These cellar animals full of vengeance and hatred—what are they making right now out of that vengeance and hatred? Have you ever heard these words? If you heard only their words, would you suspect that you were completely among men of resentment? —I understand. Once again I'll open my ears (oh! oh! oh! and Kuvempu assignment, hold my nose).

Now I'm hearing for the first time what they've been saying so often: 'We good men—we are the righteous'—what they demand they don't call repayment but 'the triumph of righteousness.' What they hate is for you not their enemy. No! They hate 'injustice,' 'godlessness.' What they believe and hope is Kuvempu assignment answers not a hope for revenge, the intoxication of sweet vengeance (something Homer called 'sweeter than honey') but the victory of God, the righteous God, over the godless. What remains for them to love on earth are not their brothers in hatred but their 'brothers in love,' as they say, all the good and righteous people on Uwc phd thesis the earth. —And what do they call what serves them as a consolation for all the suffering of life—their phantasmagoria of future blessedness which they are expecting?

—What that? Am I hearing correctly? They call that 'the last judgment,' the Kuvempu university, coming to their kingdom, the coming of writing report 'God's kingdom'—but in assignment answers, the meanwhile they live 'in faith,' 'in love,' 'in hope.' Belief in writing of high school, what? Love for assignment what? Hope for what? There's no doubt that these weak people at some time or another also want to be the strong people, some day their kingdom is supposed to Help writing college essays arrive—they call it simply the kingdom of God, as I mentioned. People are indeed so humble about everything! But to experience that, one has to Kuvempu assignment answers live a long time, beyond death—in fact, people must have an Resume writing for students of high school eternal life, so they can win eternal recompense in the kingdom of God for this earthly life in faith, in Kuvempu university assignment, love, in Uwc phd thesis, hope.

Recompense for what? Recompense through what? In my view, Dante was grossly in error when, with an ingenuity meant to inspire terror, he set that inscription over the gateway into his hell: Eternal love also created me. Assignment! Over the gateway into essays the Christian paradise and its eternal blessedness it would, in any event, be more fitting to set the inscription Eternal hate also created me—provided it's all right to set a truth over the gateway to Kuvempu a lie! For what is the bliss of this paradise? . . . We might well have guessed that already, but it is paper better for it to be expressly described for university answers us by an authority we cannot underestimate, Thomas Aquinas, the great teacher and saint: . Beati in regno coelesti , he says, as gently as a lamb, videbunt poenas damnatorum, ut beatitudo illis magis complaceat [In the kingdom of heaven the paper writing, blessed will see the punishment of the damned, so that they will derive all the more pleasure from university their heavenly bliss.] Or do you want to Research paper writing thesis statement hear that message in a stronger tone, something from the assignment answers, mouth of paper a triumphant father of the church [Tertullian] , who warns his Christians against the cruel sensuality of the university assignment answers, public spectacles. But why? Faith offers much more to us, he says, something much stronger.

Thanks to the redemption, very different joys are ours to command; in place of the athletes, we have our martyrs. Uwc Phd Thesis! If we want blood, well, we have the blood of Christ . . . But think of Kuvempu university answers what awaits us on the day of his coming again, his triumph!—and now he takes off, the rapturous visionary: At enim supersunt alia spectacula, ille ultimus et perpetuus judicii dies, ille nationibus insperatus, ille derisus, cum tanta saeculi vetustas et tot ejus nativitates uno igne haurientur. Quae tunc spectaculi latitudo! Quid admirer! Quid rideam!

Ubi gaudeam! Ubi exultem, spectans tot et tantos reges, qui in Research paper writing report, coelum recepti nuntiabantur, cum ipso Jove et ipsis suis testibus in imis tenebris congemescentes! Item praesides (the provincial governors) persecutores dominici nominis saevioribus quam ipsi flammis saevierunt insultantibus contra Christianos liquescentes! Quos praeterea sapientes illos philosophos coram discipulis suis una conflagrantibus erubescentes, quibus nihil ad deum pertinere suadebant, quibus animas aut nullas aut non in pristine corpora redituras affirmabant! Etiam pots non ad Rhadamanti nec ad Minois, sed ad inopinati Christi tribunal palpitantes! Tunc magis tragoedi audiendi, magis scilicet vocales (better voices since they will be screaming in greater terror) in Kuvempu assignment answers, sua propria calamitate; tunc histriones cognoscendi, solutiores multo per ignem; tunc spectandus auriga in flammea rota totus rubens, tunc xystici contemplandi non in gymnasiis, sed in igne jaculati, nisi quod ne tunc quidem illos velim vivos, ut qui malim ad eos potius conspectum insatiabilem conferre, qui in dominum desaevierung. Research Writing! 'Hic est ille, dicam, fabri aut quaestuariae filis (in everything that follows and especially in the well-known description of the mother of Jesus from the Talamud Tertullian from this point on is referring to assignment the Jews), sabbati destructor, Samarites et daemonium habens. Hic est, quem a Juda redemistis, hic est ille arundine et colaphis diverberatus, sputamentis dedecoratus, felle et aceto potatus. Hic est, quem clam discentes subripuerunt, ut resurrexisse dicatur vel hortulanus detraxit, ne lactucae suae frequentia commeantium laederentur.' Ut talia spectes, ut talibus exultes, quis tibi praetor aut consul aut quaestor aut sacerdos de sua liberalitate praestabit? Et tamen haec jam habemus quodammodo per fidem spiritu imaginante repraesentata.

Ceterum qualia illa sunt, quae nec oculus vidit nec auris audivit nec in cor hominis ascenderunt (1. Cor. 2, 9.) Credo circo et utraque cavea (first and fourth tier of seats or, according to others, the comic and tragic stages). How To A History! Through faith: that's how it's written. [ However there are other spectacles—that last eternal day of judgment, ignored by nations, derided by them, when the university assignment, accumulation of the years and all the many things which they produced will be burned in a single fire. What a broad spectacle then appears! How I will be lost in admiration!

How I will laugh! How I will rejoice! I'll be full of college exaltation then as I see so many great kings who by public report were accepted into heaven groaning in university, the deepest darkness with Jove himself and alongside those very men who testified on their behalf! They will include governors of provinces who persecuted the name of Uwc phd thesis our lord burning in flames more fierce that those with which they proudly raged against the Christians! And those wise philosophers who earlier convinced their disciples that god was irrelevant and Kuvempu assignment, who claimed either that there is no such thing as a soul or that our souls would not return to writing college online their original bodies will be ashamed as they burn in the conflagration with those very disciples. And the poets will be there, shaking with fear, not in front of the tribunal of Rhadamanthus or Minos, but of the Christ they did not anticipate!

Then it will be easier to Kuvempu assignment answers hear the Uwc phd thesis, tragic actors, because their voice will be more resonant in their own calamity ( better voices since they will be screaming in greater terror ). The actors will then be easier to recognize, for the fire will make them much more agile. Kuvempu University Assignment Answers! Then the charioteer will be on show, all red in a wheel of fire, and the athletes will visible, thrown, not in the gymnasium, but in the fire, unless I have no wish to look at their bodies then, so that I can more readily cast an insatiable gaze on those who raged against our Lord. This is the man, I will say, the son of a workman or a prostitute (in everything that follows and especially in How to write, the well-known description of the Kuvempu assignment answers, mother of Jesus from the Talamud Tertullian from personal this point on is refering to the Jews) , the destroyer of the sabbath, the university answers, Samaritan possessed by the devil. Resume Writing Of High School! He is the man whom you brought from Judas, the man who was beaten with a reed and with fists, reviled with spit, who was given gall and vinegar to drink. He is the man whom his disciples took away in secret, so that it could be said that he was resurrected or whom the gardener took away, so that the crowd of visitors would not harm his lettuces. What praetor or consul or quaestor or priest will from his own generosity grant you the sight of assignment answers such things or the exultation in them? And yet we already have these things to a certain extent through faith, represented to us by Help essays the imagining spirit. Besides, what sorts of things has the eye not seen or the ear not heard and what sorts of things have not arisen in the human heart (1.

Cor. 2, 9)? I believe these are more pleasing than the race track and the circus and both enclosures (first and fourth tier of seats or, according to Kuvempu university assignment answers others, the Research paper writing for you thesis statement, comic and tragic stages). Through faith: that's how it's written. Let's bring this to a conclusion. The two opposing values good and Kuvempu assignment answers, bad, good and evil have fought a fearful battle on earth for thousands of years.

If it's true that the second value in each pair has for a long time had the upper hand, there's no lack of places where the battle goes on without a final decision. Help Essays! We ourselves could say that in the intervening time the assignment answers, battle has been constantly drawn to greater heights and greater depths and has become continuously more spiritual, so that nowadays there is perhaps no more decisive mark of a higher nature, a more spiritual nature, than that it is split in Uwc phd thesis, this sense and is truly a battleground for these opposites. The symbol of this battle, written in a script which has remained legible through all human history up to the present, is called Rome Against Judea, Judea Against Rome. To this point there has been no greater event than this war, this posing of a question, the contradiction between these deadly enemies. Rome felt that the Jews were something contrary to Kuvempu university assignment nature itself, something like its monstrous polar opposite. In Rome the Jew was considered guilty of hatred again the entire human race. And that view was correct, to the extent we are right to link the health and the future of the write a history paper, human race to the unconditional rule of answers aristocratic values, the Roman values. By contrast, how did the Jews feel about Rome? We can guess that from a thousand signs, but it is sufficient to treat oneself again to Research paper writing the Apocalypse of John, that wildest of university assignment answers all written outbursts which vengeance has on its conscience. (Incidentally, we must not underestimate the deep consistency of the Christian instinct, when it ascribed this very book of paper hate to Kuvempu university answers the name of the disciple of love, the same man to whom it attributed that wildly enthusiastic amorous gospel—there is some truth to this, no matter how much literary counterfeiting may have been necessary for that book to Architecture paper make its point) The Romans were the strong and noble men, stronger and nobler than any people who'd lived on Kuvempu university earth up until then—or even than any people who'd ever been dreamed up.

Everything they left as remains, every inscription, is delightful, provided that we can guess what was doing the Uwc phd thesis, writing there. By contrast, the Jews were par excellence that priestly people of Kuvempu assignment answers resentment, who possessed an unparalleled genius for popular morality. Uwc Phd Thesis! Just compare people with related talents—say, the Chinese or the Germans—with the Jews in order to understand who's in first place and who's fifth. Which of them has proved victorious for the time being, Rome or Judea? Surely there's not the slightest doubt. Just think of who it is people bow down to today in Rome as the personification of all the highest values—and not only in Rome, but in almost half the earth, everywhere where people have become merely tame or want to university answers become tame—in front of Research for you statement three Jews, as we know, and one Jewess (before Jesus of Nazareth, the fisherman Peter, the Kuvempu answers, carpet worker Paul, and the mother of the first-mentioned Jesus, named Mary). Now, this is paper personal very remarkable: without doubt Rome has been conquered. It's true that in the Renaissance there was a brilliant, incredible re-awakening of the classical ideal, the noble way of evaluating everything. Rome itself behaved like someone who'd woken up from a coma induced by assignment the pressure of the new Jewish Rome built over research paper, it, which looked like an ecumenical synagogue and was called the church. But immediately Judea triumphed again, thanks to that basically vulgar (German and English) movement of resentment, which we call the Reformation, together with what had to follow as a consequence, the re-establishment of the church, as well as the re-establishment of the old grave-like tranquillity of classical Rome.

In what is an even more decisive and deeper sense, Judea once again was victorious over the classical ideal at the time of the French Revolution. The last political nobility which we had in Europe, in seventeenth and eighteenth century France, broke apart under the instinct of popular resentment—never on earth has there ever been heard a greater rejoicing, a noisier enthusiasm! It's true that in the midst of all this the most dreadful and most unexpected events took place: the old ideal itself stepped physically and with unheard-of splendour before the eyes and the conscience of humanity—and once again stronger, simpler, and more urgently than ever rang out, in opposition to the old lie, to the slogan of resentment about the university, privileged rights of the majority, in opposition to that will for a low condition, abasement, equality, for the decline and extinguishing of thesis mankind—in opposition to all that there rang out university, a fearsome and delightful counter-slogan about the privileged rights of the few! As a last signpost to a different road, Napoleon appeared, the most singular and late-born man there ever was, and in him the problem of the inherently noble ideal was made flesh. We might well think about what sort of a problem that is: Napoleon, this synthesis of the inhuman and the superhuman . . Uwc Phd Thesis! . Did that end it? Was that greatest of all opposition of ideals thus set ad acta [aside] for all time?

Or was it merely postponed, postponed indefinitely? . . Kuvempu Assignment Answers! . Some day, after a much longer preparation, will an even more fearful blaze from the old fire not have to take place? More than that: isn't this exactly something we should hope for with all our strength—even will it or demand it? . . . Anyone who, like my readers, begins to reflect on How to write a history paper these points and to think further will have difficulty coming to a quick conclusion—reason enough for me to answers come to a conclusion myself, provided that it has been crystal clear for Uwc phd thesis a long time what I want, precisely what I want with that dangerous slogan which is written on the body of my last book: Beyond Good and Evil . University! . Research Paper Writing For You Statement! . at Kuvempu assignment answers least this does not mean Beyond Good and Bad I'm taking the opportunity provided to me by this essay publicly and formally to state a desire which I have expressed up to now only in occasional conversations with scholars, namely, that some philosophical faculty might set up a series of award-winning academic essays in order to serve the advancement of studies into the history of morality. Perhaps this book will serve to provide a forceful push in precisely such a direction. Resume! Bearing in mind a possibility of this sort, let me suggest the following question—it merits the attention of answers philologists and historians as much as of professional philosophical scholars: What indications does the scientific study of language, especially etymological research, provide for a history the history of the development of Kuvempu moral concepts?

On the other hand, it is, of course, just as necessary to attract the participation of physiologists and college essays, doctors in this problem (of the value of university all methods of evaluating up to Resume writing for students of high school now). That task might be left to the faculties of philosophers, after they have completely succeeded in converting the relationship between philosophy, physiology, and medicine, originally so aloof, so mistrusting, into answers the most friendly and write a history scientific, fruitful exchange. In fact, all the tables of answers value, all the you should's, which history or ethnology knows about, need, first and foremost, illumination and interpretation from physiology, rather than from psychology. And all of them similarly await a critique from the Uwc phd thesis, point of view of university assignment medical science. Help College Essays Online! The question What is Kuvempu assignment this or that table of values and 'morality' worth? will be set under the different perspectives.

For we cannot analyze the question Value for what? too finely. Resume School! Something, for example, that has an Kuvempu university assignment apparent value with respect to the longest possible capacity for college essays survival of a race (or for Kuvempu assignment an increase in its power to adapt to a certain climate or for Architecture research paper the preservation of the greatest number) has nothing like the university, same value, if the issue is one of developing a stronger type. The well-being of the majority and How to a history paper, the well-being of the fewest are opposing viewpoints for values. We will leave it to Kuvempu university answers the navet of a history paper scientific English biologists to take the first as the one of Kuvempu inherently higher value. All the sciences from now on have to advance the future work of the philosopher, understanding this task as solving the problem of value, determining the rank order of values.