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Personal values, belief and attitudes Essay Sample. As human beings, we all have our own values, beliefs and attitudes that we have developed throughout the course of our lives. Our family, friends, community and the experiences we have had all contribute to our sense of who we are and how we view the world. Buy Readymade? As community services workers, we are often working with people who are vulnerable and/or who may live a lifestyle that mainstream society views as being different or unacceptable. If, as community services workers, we are to provide a service that meets the needs of our target groups and helps them to Somebody help science, feel empowered, we need to be aware of our own personal values, beliefs and attitudes and dissertation, be prepared to adopt the thesis professional values of our industry—and not impose our own ideas on our clients.

What are values? Values are principles, standards or qualities that an Buy readymade, individual or group of logic homework good, people hold in high regard. These values guide the way we live our lives and Buy readymade, the decisions we make. A value may be defined as something that we hold dear, those things/qualities which we consider to be of worth. A ‘value’ is commonly formed by a particular belief that is related to the worth of an idea or type of behaviour. Some people may see great value in Help writing thesis, saving the world’s rainforests. Buy Readymade? However a person who relies on the logging of a forest for their job may not place the same value on the forest as a person who wants to save it. Values can influence many of the judgments we make as well as have an impact on the support we give clients. It is important that we do not influence client’s decisions based on our values.

We should always work from the Reflective basis of dissertation, supporting the client’s values. Activity: What are some of my values? 1.Manners—are they old fashioned? Do they hold a high or low value in your life? 2.Pride—are there things you need to be proud of? Do you value pride or do you value humility?

3.Clothes—how important are clothes at work? At play? 4.Behaviour on the sports field—what behaviours do you value? Sportsmanship? Winning? Team spirit? Individuality? 5.Family life? What do you value about family life?

Write down some of the values you hold in these areas. Talk to friends and family members. Ask them these same questions. Do the answers differ? Where do values come from? Our values come from a variety of sources.

Some of mirror, these include: •peers (social influences) •the workplace (work ethics, job roles) •educational institutions such as schools or TAFE. •significant life events (death, divorce, losing jobs, major accident and trauma, major health issues, significant financial losses and so on) •major historical events (world wars, economic depressions, etc). Dominant values are those that are widely shared amongst a group, community or culture. They are passed on through sources such as the media, institutions, religious organisations or family, but remember what is considered dominant in one culture or society will vary to the next. Using the sources listed above, some of your values could be: •family—caring for each other, family comes first •peers—importance of friendship, importance of doing things that peers approve of •workplace—doing your job properly; approving/disapproving of ‘foreign orders’ (doing home-related activities in work time or using work resources for home related activities) •educational institutions—the valuing or otherwise of learning; value of self in relation to an ability to Buy readymade dissertation, learn (this often depends on personal experience of schooling, whether positive or negative) •significant life events—death of loved ones and the impact on thesis, what we value as being important; marriage and the importance and role of dissertation, marriage and children; separation and writing, divorce and the value change that may be associated with this (valuing of self or otherwise) •religion—beliefs about ‘right and wrong’ and beliefs in gods •media—the impact of TV, movies, radio, the dissertation Internet and advertising on what is important in Help, our lives, what is valued and not valued •music—music often reflects what is occurring in Buy readymade, society, people’s response to things such as love and Good for a definition essay, relationships which may then influence the dissertation development of our values •technology—the importance of technology or otherwise; the importance of computers and developing computer skills •culture—a cultural value such as the importance of individuality as opposed to Really logic good, conforming to groups •major historical events—not wasting anything, saving for times of draught, valuing human life, patriotic values. It is important that you develop an awareness of what you value, as these values will be important in informing your relationships with clients, co–workers and employers. The following is a list of common dominant values in Australian society. Tick the values that apply to Buy readymade dissertation, you and then select the ten most important values you ticked and me my, rank them. (1 = most important, 10 = least important) Click here for Buy readymade, the list (.doc 12 KB)

Did you learn something about yourself that you didn’t expect? What is logic homework, important here is your ability to be able to Buy readymade, identify the values that are. important to you. It is important to Persuasive on who killed romeo and juliet, be conscious of our values. This knowledge helps us to: •ask ourselves why we are doing what we are doing.

•identify the consequences of our actions for ourselves and others (including clients and co-workers) •consider other and better options if necessary. It is important to Buy readymade dissertation, not only have a knowledge of your value system, but to understand that your values underpin your beliefs and beliefs underpin behaviour. How we behave is a reflection of our beliefs and our beliefs are a reflection of our values. Exploring your values. We are all influenced in varying degrees by the values of writing, our family, culture, religion, education and social group. Knowing your own values can help you work effectively with clients, resolve conflicts and support the Buy readymade dissertation organisation’s philosophy of care appropriately. Wherever our values come from they make us the unique person we are today! Answer the following and Somebody me my, then think about Buy readymade dissertation what it tells you about yourself, where your values have come from and how people with different backgrounds and life experiences would answer these questions. There are no right or wrong answers—just answer honestly and be willing to explore and reflect upon your own values. •With what race do I identify? •Do I know people from a different race to me?

•Do I believe people from different races should live together? •What would life be like if my skin colour was different? •What do I think about marriages and relationships between people from different races? •How many friends do I have from the opposite sex? •If I was a different gender how might life be different? •What is my religion? Do I believe in it? •What is my family’s religion? •Are most people in my community from this religion?

•How does my religion influence my life? •What culture do I identify with? •What do I like and help me my, dislike about my culture and traditions? •What other cultures interest me? Do I like learning about them? Why? •What is my first language? •What other languages do I speak? •Who should decide what language people should speak?

•What political party do I support? Why? •Do I believe in the death penalty? Why? •What are my views on abortion? Why? •What are my views on dissertation, homosexuality? Why? •What are my views about illegal drugs? Why? •What are my view about voluntary euthanasia?

Why? Reflect on your answers about where your values have come from. 1.What did this activity tell you about your values? 2.Can you identify some other factors/significant life experiences that have contributed in shaping your values? 3.Why have you decided to become a worker in the CSI? 4.How do you think your values will guide your actions as a worker in Help thesis, the CSI? The aim of this activity is to make you aware of Buy readymade, issues that could arise in the workplace and the differing values workers can have.

There are no right or wrong answers, so when completing this activity try to be as honest as you can. Read the following scenarios and rate your reactions by ticking the box which best defines your reaction. Stan and Russell have become good friends in Good, the residential care facility. They enjoy each other’s company and like to read pornographic magazines together. Stan usually buys the magazines, but one month Stan did not come into the hostel for Buy readymade dissertation, care as he usually did.

Russell wanted some new pornos to read so he asked Penny the care worker to buy him some magazines. She agreed and brought some for history assignment, him. What do you think about Penny doing this for Russell? I think this is not okay. I think this is okay. Wayne is a 49 year old volunteer at an aged care home. He is an Anglo-Australian, with a disability. He works with Anh, the dissertation recreation officer. She Vietnamese and is 20 years old. Wayne and Anh have been going out together and Persuasive on who, Wayne has told Anh that he loves her. How do you feel about Anh and Buy readymade dissertation, Wayne being partners?

Rate your feeling according to their ages: I think this is not okay. I think this is okay. Rate your feeling according to their cultural backgrounds: I think this is okay. I think this is not okay. Rate your feeling according to the fact they work together: I think this is not okay. I think this is okay. Dawn is Really logic homework good, a 50 year old woman with Downs Syndrome, and is a resident at a residential aged care facility.

She masturbates in the common lounge area at the facility. She needs to be shown a private place to do this and it is Buy readymade, your role to take her to a private room, next time she is masturbating. How do you feel about Good definition this? Rate your response according to the factor of Buy readymade dissertation, Dawn masturbating: I think this is okay. I think this is not okay. Rate your response according to the factor of your role as a worker assisting her in this situation. I think this is okay. I think this is not okay. This activity was useful in helping you identify some strong beliefs you hold.

It is good for Help, you to be able to Buy readymade dissertation, reflect on these and think how they might impact on your role as a care worker. For example, if you think that all older people and homework, people with disabilities have a right to express their sexuality, regardless of the dissertation way they choose do that, you will want to ensure their privacy and essay on who killed romeo and juliet, dignity is respected. Buy Readymade? Remember, clients have a right to Help thesis, receive a professional service regardless of the attitudes, beliefs and values they hold. After answering the questions, you might find it useful to revisit your answers and Buy readymade, identify where your attitudes have come from. Logic Homework? This will help in preventing your personal attitudes from impacting on the way you work with clients.

What is dissertation, a belief? Beliefs come from real experiences but often we forget that the original experience is not the same as what is Health assignment visitor, happening in life now. Buy Readymade? Our values and beliefs affect the quality of our work and all our relationships because what you believe is what you experience. We tend to Good for a definition essay, think that our beliefs are based on reality, but it is our beliefs that govern our experiences. The beliefs that we hold are an important part of our identity.

They may be religious, cultural or moral. Beliefs are precious because they reflect who we are and how we live our lives. As a care worker in the community services industry, the Buy readymade pre-existing beliefs you may have could be related to stereotypes that have developed for you around issues like sexuality, alcohol and homework, other drugs, ageing and disabilities, independence, health, the rights of people, your idea of health and what it’s like to be older and/or disabled. These stereotypes could affect the way you interact and work with clients. This is because you have assumptions about what your clients can and can’t do for themselves, the way they should think about issues and what is best for Buy readymade dissertation, them. If you make assumptions as a worker then you are denying clients their rights, respect and dignity. As a worker this would be regarded as a breach in Help thesis, your duty of care towards clients. The need for older people and people with disabilities to express their sexuality does not necessarily diminish over time. The desire for dissertation, intimacy can in fact intensify. The development of Somebody science homework, new relationships may occur as a result of living in a residential care setting or as people’s social networks change over time.

The right to dissertation, express sexuality is a quality of history assignment, life issue and is part of one’s self-identity. The way people choose to express their sexuality may change over dissertation time in a variety of ways. Intimate relationships enhance a person’s quality of life and contribute to their feelings of well being. As a care worker it is important to respect a person’s right to express their sexuality in a way which is appropriate for them. What is an logic, attitude? The word ‘attitude’ can refer to a lasting group of feelings, beliefs and behaviour tendencies directed towards specific people, groups, ideas or. An attitude is a belief about something. It usually describes what we think is the ‘proper’ way of doing something. The attitudes that we feel very strongly about are usually called values.

Other attitudes are not so important and are more like opinions. Sometimes our own attitudes can make us blind to other people’s values, opinions and needs. Attitudes will always have a positive and negative element and when you hold an Buy readymade dissertation, attitude you will have a tendency to behave in a certain way toward that person or object. You will need to be aware of your own personal values, beliefs and Good essay, attitudes and how they might impact on your work. It is important to consider the mapping of your own life – what have been some significant events that have shaped you, what qualities you admire in yourself and others, what beliefs are important to you, what you value and so on. Buy Readymade Dissertation? Some examples of these may be personal features such as strength of character, helping people, respect, honesty, wealth, success, health etc. What we believe are important qualities, or what qualities we admire in ourselves and others, generally reflect our life experiences and the values which we established in our early years through the Persuasive on who and juliet influence of Buy readymade, family, teachers, friends, religion, our culture, our education. Given that all of us have differences which have been shaped by Help writing thesis, our life experiences, we can understand that we will all have different sets of values and beliefs.

We do not all think about issues in the same way! To work effectively it is Buy readymade, critical to Somebody homework breath, understand your own values and beliefs and to understand the importance of not allowing them to affect the way in which you work with clients. Remember they are your values and may be quite different to dissertation, the values held by your clients. In order to remain professional it is paper, necessary to leave your personal values out of the dissertation client/worker relationship. Health History Assignment Visitor? This means that it is important that you allow clients to make decisions based on their own values and beliefs rather than decisions that reflect what you think they should do. When we are carrying out our daily duties at work we rarely think about our attitudes, we are immersed in work itself and Buy readymade dissertation, often remain unaware of just how different our attitudes could be to others around us. As previously defined an Reflective mirror on leadership, attitude is simply a belief, and describes what we think is the Buy readymade proper way of doing or thinking about something. Attitudes vary in intensity. When we feel strongly about something attitudes are called values. Attitudes that are less important to romeo, us are called opinions. For example we may feel strongly that older people should give up their jobs when they reach a certain age, so that younger people can get work.

Strong attitudes are often very emotional and can cloud our judgement in meeting other people’s needs. This means that some people or clients may be denied their rights to be allowed to make their own choices and decisions about their life. The influence of attitudes. Our attitudes develop over time and not only reflect where we have come from dissertation i.e. the influence family, friends and experiences have had on our attitudes, but also how we will proceed with our life in the future. Attitudes are therefore a powerful element in our life, are long enduring and hard to change—but not impossible!

The problem with attitudes. One of the problems with our attitudes is we often ignore any information which is not consistent with them—we become selective in the way we perceive and respond to events and issues—and lose our ‘objectivity’ about the world. By developing insights about Good for a definition our attitudes we reduce the risk of Buy readymade, making decisions at Health assignment, work based on our unconscious, pre-existing perceptions, allowing us work more professionally with clients. Awareness of personal attitudes. It is good practice to think about Buy readymade your attitudes and logic, beliefs: it helps you to Buy readymade dissertation, understand yourself better. It is logic good, beneficial to Buy readymade, reflect on your life, identify some of the significant events that have shaped you, consider what qualities you admire in yourself and others and be mindful of what values and Health history visitor, are important to dissertation, you. Your identity has shaped the person you are today! Here is a checklist that will help you assess how your identity has developed. (.doc 25 kB)

The exercise you have just completed will have given you some sense of where your own identity has come from. Think about this as you answer the following questions. 1.From the values you chose above, list the ones that would apply to your role as a care worker. 2.Why is it important for community services workers to have a sense of writing thesis, their own identity and where it has come from? 3.What issues can you identify for yourself in having to work with people and clients who have grown up differently form you, have a different identity and Buy readymade, therefore different beliefs?

Taking into account personal values and beliefs. One of the responsibilities of essay killed, workers is that we do not impose our own values and Buy readymade dissertation, beliefs on the people we work with. That is, that we don’t provide options and services based on what we feel is right, but that we work with people in relation to what is right for them. We should always remember that it is their life and only they should make decisions about how they should live their life. If you try to Really, impose your own moral values on clients, you are likely to make them feel judged and to damage their self-worth. Moreover, they are likely to Buy readymade dissertation, reject you and to reject your values too. If you are able to accept your clients, with whatever values they have, you may well find that as time passes they move closer to you in their beliefs.

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Respecting the history assignment visitor beliefs, attitudes and Buy readymade, values of others. Everyone is entitled to their own values, attitudes and beliefs. It is Health history assignment visitor, important to accept and respect that other people may well have different attitudes, values and beliefs than you. We do not have the right to expect that others change their values, attitudes and beliefs just because they are different to ours. It is quite possible that you may face situations at work that either challenge or compromise your own values, attitudes or beliefs when working to support people with a disability. It is not always easy to avoid communicating your beliefs and values to clients, but it is Buy readymade dissertation, something you need to be very aware of. Help Writing Thesis? It can be very easy to dissertation, influence clients in subtle ways. Somebody Breath? Simple things like body language, gestures, the way you say something, or even actions, can give a client the impression you agree or disagree with their values or beliefs. A disability support worker, Sally, was assisting Harry, a client, to dissertation, decide what movie he was going to see on the weekend. Essay On Who Killed Romeo? Harry loved horror films. Sally hated them.

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The more these values are promoted and reflected in the way the service operates, the Really logic good more positive the Buy readymade dissertation experience for the client. Activity: Identifying the impact of values and philosophies on Somebody homework breath, service provision. Phong is a 29 year old Vietnamese man who was injured in a serious car accident eight months ago and Buy readymade dissertation, sustained a brain injury. This means that he has great difficulty with his short-term memory and assignment visitor, with organising his thoughts. He also needs to Buy readymade, use a wheelchair because of a neck injury. Phong is now living back at home with his family. Homework Good? Most of his friends don’t come around anymore and Phong hardly gets out.

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An Essay About Determination in the Movie Apollo 13 Directed by: Ron Howard. Buy Readymade Dissertation! “Hello, Houston. This is Odyssey. It's good to see you again.” These were the words Jim Lovell said as he splashed down into Health history, the Pacific Ocean after spending 8 days in dissertation a freezing hell. Stuck in the confined quarters of the Apollo 13, those words were the embodiment of achieving your goals through determination. During the flight there were more displays of determination than I could possibly cover, so I am going to write about the three that stuck out to me the most. Jack Swigert was the one docking and flying the shuttle and didn't want to leave any room for error in his skills.

Ken Mattingly, spent hours upon hours getting the boot sequence for Help thesis, the computer right so they could correct the shuttle path. Last but certainly not least the engineers building a CO2 filter out of spare parts without any proper tools. . so he didn’t have to Buy readymade pay millions to famous actors and actresses for small parts. He also used a boys choir for the soundtrack. The sound and music were two of the most important story telling instruments used in the making of this film. James Horner was the composer for the music.

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I felt so touched by the end of the help me my homework, movie. I couldn’t stop thinking about how great this man Wallace was. During the the last scene, Robert the Bruce leads his armies onto the battlefield to surrender to the English. Buy Readymade Dissertation! However, he remembers the words of history, Wallace, “You have courage and Buy readymade dissertation, respect. Mirror! All you have to do is lead them. And they will follow”. Robert the Bruce then turns his back to the English and Buy readymade dissertation, says to his army.

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Words: 343 - Pages: 2. Good For A Essay! Apollo 13- Leadership During a Crisis. Buy Readymade Dissertation! . Apollo 13- Leadership during a crisis Lessons learned from Health assignment Gene Kranz Introduction: Every employee of NASA should known the tragic event of Apollo 13; At that time in 1970 the three astronauts James Lovell, Fred Haise and Jack Swigert had to abort their mission to flight to the moon due to an explosion of an oxygen tank. Buy Readymade! They had to fight against, carbon dioxide, coldness, a lack of energy and the almost certain death. Despite of a distance of Good words for a definition essay, 205,000 miles the three men made it back to Buy readymade dissertation earth alive in Good for a the Lunar Module Aquarius (Lovell et al. 2006). This was only possible with the help of the Mission Control and the Flight Director Gene Kranz which worked together as an excellent team and came up with a richness of Buy readymade dissertation, ideas to save the mirror on leadership, lives of the Buy readymade dissertation, astronauts. Although it was one of the darkest and most tragic missions of Really, NASA, it also can be learned a lot from this crisis. Apart from the technical knowledge which has been obtained from Apollo 13, a lot of conclusion can be made for leaders. Even with the best technology, it would not have been possible to bring the crew home safely, if not such a strong leader like Gene Kranz have led to rescue of Apollo 13. What lessons can be learned from his leadership style and decisions for future NASA projects will be analyzed and explained from a psychological point of view in this report. Recommendations for action: In many NASA projects, it always comes back to dissertation stressful situations, where quick decisions must be made which.

Words: 1779 - Pages: 8. Reaction Paper About the Movie of Home. . Rajah Kulambo of Limasawa | | 31 March | The first mass on Philippine soil is celebrated. | | 7 April | Magellan meets Rajah Humabon of Cebu and enters into another Blood Compact. Humabon and his wife are baptized into the Catholic Church. | | 27 April | Magellan is killed by Lapu-Lapu in the battle of Mactan. | 1525 | | Spain sends an expedition under Juan Garcia Jofre de Loaysa to the Philippines. The Loaysa Expedition failed | 1526 | | Spain sends another expedition under Juan Cabot to the Philippines. The Cabot Expedition also failed | 1527 | | Spain sends a fourth expedition under Alvaro de Saavedra to Health history the Philippines. Buy Readymade Dissertation! | 1529 | | Saavedra's expedition returns to Spain without Saavedra who died on the way home. | 1536 | | The Loaysa expedition returns to Spain. One of its survivors is Andres de Urdaneta, its chronicler. | 1543 | | Spain sends a fifth expedition under Ruy Lopez de Villalobos to the Philippines.

The Expedition succeeds | | 2 February | Villalobos arrives in the Philippines and homework good, names the dissertation, islands of Samar and Leyte as Las Islas Filipinas in honor of the crown prince of Spain, Philip of Asturias | 1565 | 13 February | Miguel Lopez de Legazpi arrives in the Philippines with four ships and 380 men | | 8 May | Legazpi established the first permanent Spanish settlement in the country | | | Philippines was governed as a territory of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. | 1567 | | Dagami Revolt (1567)[2][3][4][5][6] | 1568. Words: 6914 - Pages: 28. . attitude and determination of Health visitor, making movie. Even he faces so many difficulty, he never give up and always make fun of the situation in order to release the pressure and make audience laugh. Purple Rose of Cairo *** The girl in the movie really make the movie into Buy readymade, next level. She does a perfect job on her emotion of uncertainty on the male character and help science homework breath, male actor. Buy Readymade Dissertation! She cannot clarify the reality and the dream and that makes her in so much pain mentally. Somebody Homework Breath! The movie has sent a message which life is actually drama and drama is actually base on real life. It is hard to tell sometimes.

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3) Prabhudas Lilladher Pvt. Ltd We are concerned about the huge debt burden, said Surjit Arora, an analyst at Prabhudas Lilladher Pvt. Help! Ltd., an Indian brokerage. Buy Readymade! Cooper's revenue is 2.5 times that of history, Apollo, and the market won't like the huge leverage being taken by dissertation, company, he said. Synergy between Cooper and words definition, Apollo The synergies could be in dissertation the form of operational or financial synergies. The following points illustrate, broadly, the synergies between Apollo and Cooper. Operating synergy: * Economies of scale : The combined entity will have advantages in terms of cost-efficiency through raw material procurement * Higher growth : The combined firm will be able to introduce products and brands in each other's markets * Functional strengths: The two companies bring their strengths in technology, RD and other functional areas where there could be overlap Financial synergy: * Debt capacity: The combined firm will have more capacity to history visitor take debts. In this case, the holding company will issue bonds worth $2.1 billion, which would be serviced by Cooper and its European operations. The rest, $450 million, will be raised at its. Words: 1318 - Pages: 6. . Throughout the Movie Apollo 13, the stages of group development were applied.

Forming the Buy readymade dissertation, first stage of group development. Was prevalent early in the movie when the crew first found out that they were supposed to be on the Apollo 13 mission there was a bit of confusion among the crew and their families. The crew had to work with each other and learn each others strengths and weaknesses, this was most noticeably displayed while the crew was practicing in the flight simulator. On Leadership! Not long after the initial formation of the Buy readymade dissertation, group pilot Ken mattingly was forced to be removed from the crew due to possible medical problems, he was replaced by Jack Swigert. Help Writing! This reform caused a setback and the crew had to relearn each others strength and weaknesses. Dissertation! Storming , the second stage of group development, really began after the crew had successfully launched into space and then began having problems. The storming began when one of the engines went out forcing the crew to continue with only 4. Not long after that the me my breath, connection on Buy readymade one of the oxygen tanks had burst. Which caused a landslid of essay on who killed, other problems for th crew.

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Did you learn anything new about the Enron scandal? I liked the movie. I was not so aware what exactly happen to Enron. I always thoughts that was a big company that went to bankruptcy for bad management. But when I watched the documentary I understood also better what happen to California and how cynically and Buy readymade, knowingly created the phony California energy crisis. There was never a shortage of power in California.

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. Buy Readymade! Woodhouse 1 Kevin Woodhouse Mrs. DeWitt College Comp. 26/3/15 Determination The film, Apollo 13, is help homework breath, based on the real life crisis that occurred April 13, 1970, on board the Apollo spacecraft. Buy Readymade Dissertation! After spending eight days in the freezing confinement of the Persuasive essay killed romeo and juliet, Apollo 13 space capsule Jim Lovell and his crew members, Fred Haise and Jack Swigert, splashed down into the Pacific Ocean. This team achieved their goals through several adverse conditions.

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Words: 547 - Pages: 3. . Emily English 1301, Assignment #3 October 25th, 2015 Crash Essay E.B. White once said, “Prejudice is a great time saver. You can form opinions without having to Reflective on leadership get the facts.” This nation has become a melting pot of people from Buy readymade different cultures, races, religions, backgrounds, classes, and beliefs. Prejudice is homework good, born from personal experience and from generalizations and Buy readymade dissertation, beliefs about help me my science breath a particular group of people. Dissertation! In the movie Crash, the director does an incredible job illustrating prejudice in today’s world by on who and juliet, showing examples in our everyday society, how our personal lives can often influence how we interact, and how sometimes our preconceived ideas can be shattered by chance encounters.

Society is full of prejudice, people are judged on the basis of dissertation, their race, class, sex, or religion. The movie Crash depicts the words essay, various aspects of Buy readymade, prejudice by showing the causes and effects it has on killed and juliet different people and Buy readymade dissertation, how they interact with each other. For example, in the beginning of the movie a wealthy white couple, Rick and Jean, is walking down the street and Jean moves closer to her husband when she sees two black men, Anthony and Peter, walking towards them. For A Definition Essay! They notice the Buy readymade dissertation, woman’s reaction, then they rob the thesis, couple at gunpoint and steal their car. Then, after Rick and Jean get home they have their locks changed, Jean gets really upset when she sees the Buy readymade, locksmith is Hispanic and wants to have the assignment, locks changed again because she thought the Hispanic man was going to. Words: 611 - Pages: 3. Dissertation! . Apollo 13 Essay Apollo 13 was one of the most terrifying and suspenseful events that happened in history. Directors and authors try their best to on who create an environment where the reader or viewer can feel they were there when it happened. The author or director creates suspense in many ways. In text the author may use descriptions, vivid verbs, phrases that cause fear, and Buy readymade dissertation, frightening facts. In movies, directors can create suspense by using music, different angles with camera shots, lighting, and characters emotions.

In the book “The Race to Save Apollo 13” the author Michael Useem created suspense in multiple ways. One of those ways he created suspense was the phrases that would cause fear. One of the phrases is when Kranz was on the phone with Chris Kraft “…It seems there’s been an explosion.” This phrase creates suspense because it’s not specifically telling the reader what happened. It also makes the reader wonder what will happen next. In the movie, Apollo 13 directed by Ron Howard, there are different ways of how suspense was created. When astronaut Lovell tells Houston “there is something leaking into space”, the director used camera angles to create suspense. Ron Howard, the director, used a camera shot that showed the oxygen leaking into space.

This makes the viewer be on the edge of their seat because they will want to Good essay know what will happen next. At both of these parts the author and Buy readymade dissertation, director used different techniques to keep drawling in their audience. Another.

columbus essay title Arawak men and women, naked, tawny, and full of wonder, emerged from Buy readymade dissertation their villages onto the island's beaches and swam out to get a closer look at on who killed romeo the strange big boat. When Columbus and his sailors came ashore, carrying swords, speaking oddly, the Buy readymade dissertation Arawaks ran to greet them, brought them food, water, gifts. He later wrote of homework breath this in Buy readymade his log: They . brought us parrots and balls of cotton and Help thesis spears and many other things, which they exchanged for dissertation the glass beads and hawks' bells. They willingly traded everything they owned. Homework! . Dissertation! They were well-built, with good bodies and handsome features. They do not bear arms, and Health visitor do not know them, for I showed them a sword, they took it by Buy readymade dissertation the edge and cut themselves out of ignorance. They have no iron. Their spears are made of cane. . They would make fine servants. With fifty men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want. These Arawaks of the Help Bahama Islands were much like Indians on Buy readymade the mainland, who were remarkable (European observers were to say again and again) for their hospitality, their belief in sharing.

These traits did not stand out in the Europe of the Renaissance, dominated as it was by the religion of popes, the government of kings, the frenzy for money that marked Western civilization and its first messenger to the Americas, Christopher Columbus. As soon as I arrived in the Indies, on the first Island which I found, I took some of the natives by force in order that they might learn and might give me information of whatever there is in these parts. The information that Columbus wanted most was: Where is the me my science gold? He had persuaded the king and queen of Spain to dissertation finance an expedition to the lands, the wealth, he expected would be on the other side of the Atlantic-the Indies and Asia, gold and spices. Somebody Me My Science Homework! For, like other informed people of his time, he knew the world was round and he could sail west in order to get to the Far East. Spain was recently unified, one of the new modern nation-states, like France, England, and Portugal. Its population, mostly poor peasants, worked for the nobility, who were 2 percent of the population and owned 95 percent of the land. Spain had tied itself to the Catholic Church, expelled all the Buy readymade Jews, driven out the Moors. Somebody! Like other states of the modern world, Spain sought gold, which was becoming the dissertation new mark of wealth, more useful than land because it could buy anything. There was gold in Asia, it was thought, and certainly silks and spices, for Marco Polo and others had brought back marvelous things from their overland expeditions centuries before. Now that the assignment Turks had conquered Constantinople and Buy readymade the eastern Mediterranean, and controlled the land routes to Asia, a sea route was needed.

Portuguese sailors were working their way around the southern tip of Africa. Spain decided to gamble on a long sail across an unknown ocean. In return for bringing back gold and spices, they promised Columbus 10 percent of the profits, governorship over new-found lands, and the fame that would go with a new title: Admiral of the Health history assignment Ocean Sea. He was a merchant's clerk from the Buy readymade dissertation Italian city of me my science breath Genoa, part-time weaver (the son of Buy readymade a skilled weaver), and Reflective expert sailor. He set out with three sailing ships, the Buy readymade largest of Help writing thesis which was the Buy readymade dissertation Santa Maria , perhaps 100 feet long, and thirty-nine crew members. Columbus would never have made it to Asia, which was thousands of miles farther away than he had calculated, imagining a smaller world. He would have been doomed by that great expanse of sea. Help! But he was lucky. One-fourth of the way there he came upon an unknown, uncharted land that lay between Europe and Asia-the Americas. It was early October 1492, and thirty-three days since he and his crew had left the Canary Islands, off the Atlantic coast of Africa. Now they saw branches and sticks floating in the water.

They saw flocks of birds. These were signs of land. Then, on Buy readymade October 12, a sailor called Rodrigo saw the early morning moon shining on white sands, and cried out. Romeo! It was an island in the Bahamas, the Buy readymade Caribbean sea. The first man to sight land was supposed to get a yearly pension of 10,000 maravedis for life, but Rodrigo never got it. Columbus claimed he had seen a light the evening before. He got the reward. So, approaching land, they were met by the Arawak Indians, who swam out to greet them.

The Arawaks lived in village communes, had a developed agriculture of corn, yams, cassava. They could spin and weave, but they had no horses or work animals. They had no iron, but they wore tiny gold ornaments in their ears. This was to good have enormous consequences: it led Columbus to take some of them aboard ship as prisoners because he insisted that they guide him to the source of the Buy readymade gold. He then sailed to what is now Cuba, then to Hispaniola (the island which today consists of Haiti and the Dominican Republic). There, bits of visible gold in the rivers, and a gold mask presented to Columbus by Persuasive on who killed a local Indian chief, led to dissertation wild visions of gold fields. On Hispaniola, out of timbers from the Really logic homework Santa Maria , which had run aground, Columbus built a fort, the first European military base in the Western Hemisphere. He called it Navidad (Christmas) and left thirty-nine crewmembers there, with instructions to find and store the gold. He took more Indian prisoners and put them aboard his two remaining ships. At one part of the island he got into a fight with Indians who refused to trade as many bows and arrows as he and his men wanted.

Two were run through with swords and bled to death. Then the Buy readymade dissertation Nina and the Pinta set sail for the Azores and Spain. When the weather turned cold, the Indian prisoners began to die. Columbus's report to the Court in Madrid was extravagant. He insisted he had reached Asia (it was Cuba) and an island off the coast of China (Hispaniola). His descriptions were part fact, part fiction: Hispaniola is a miracle. Health Assignment Visitor! Mountains and dissertation hills, plains and pastures, are both fertile and beautiful . the harbors are unbelievably good and Help there are many wide rivers of which the Buy readymade majority contain gold. . . Mirror! . There are many spices, and great mines of gold and other metals. The Indians, Columbus reported, are so naive and so free with their possessions that no one who has not witnessed them would believe it. When you ask for something they have, they never say no. To the contrary, they offer to share with anyone.

He concluded his report by asking for a little help from their Majesties, and in return he would bring them from his next voyage as much gold as they need . and as many slaves as they ask. Dissertation! He was full of religious talk: Thus the eternal God, our Lord, gives victory to those who follow His way over Help thesis, apparent impossibilities. Because of Columbus's exaggerated report and Buy readymade promises, his second expedition was given seventeen ships and more than twelve hundred men. The aim was clear: slaves and Health gold. They went from island to island in the Caribbean, taking Indians as captives. But as word spread of the dissertation Europeans' intent they found more and more empty villages. On Haiti, they found that the assignment visitor sailors left behind at Fort Navidad had been killed in a battle with the Indians, after they had roamed the island in gangs looking for gold, taking women and children as slaves for Buy readymade sex and logic good labor. Now, from his base on Haiti, Columbus sent expedition after expedition into the interior. They found no gold fields, but had to fill up the ships returning to Spain with some kind of dividend. Buy Readymade! In the Help thesis year 1495, they went on a great slave raid, rounded up fifteen hundred Arawak men, women, and dissertation children, put them in pens guarded by Spaniards and dogs, then picked the five hundred best specimens to load onto ships.

Of those five hundred, two hundred died en route. The rest arrived alive in Spain and were put up for Persuasive on who romeo sale by the archdeacon of the town, who reported that, although the Buy readymade dissertation slaves were naked as the day they were born, they showed no more embarrassment than animals. Columbus later wrote: Let us in the name of the Holy Trinity go on sending all the slaves that can be sold. But too many of the slaves died in captivity. And so Columbus, desperate to pay back dividends to those who had invested, had to make good his promise to fill the ships with gold. In the province of Cicao on Haiti, where he and logic homework his men imagined huge gold fields to exist, they ordered all persons fourteen years or older to collect a certain quantity of gold every three months.

When they brought it, they were given copper tokens to hang around their necks. Indians found without a copper token had their hands cut off and bled to death. The Indians had been given an Buy readymade, impossible task. The only gold around was bits of dust garnered from the writing thesis streams. So they fled, were hunted down with dogs, and were killed. Trying to put together an dissertation, army of help me my resistance, the Arawaks faced Spaniards who had armor, muskets, swords, horses.

When the Spaniards took prisoners they hanged them or burned them to Buy readymade death. Among the Arawaks, mass suicides began, with cassava poison. Infants were killed to save them from the Spaniards. In two years, through murder, mutilation, or suicide, half of the 250,000 Indians on Haiti were dead. When it became clear that there was no gold left, the Reflective Indians were taken as slave labor on huge estates, known later as encomiendas. They were worked at Buy readymade dissertation a ferocious pace, and died by the thousands.

By the mirror year 1515, there were perhaps fifty thousand Indians left. By 1550, there were five hundred. A report of the year 1650 shows none of the original Arawaks or their descendants left on the island. The chief source-and, on many matters the only source-of information about what happened on the islands after Columbus came is Bartolome de las Casas, who, as a young priest, participated in the conquest of Cuba. For a time he owned a plantation on which Indian slaves worked, but he gave that up and became a vehement critic of Spanish cruelty. Las Casas transcribed Columbus's journal and, in dissertation his fifties, began a multivolume History of the Indies. In it, he describes the Indians. They are agile, he says, and can swim long distances, especially the Really logic homework good women. They are not completely peaceful, because they do battle from time to time with other tribes, but their casualties seem small, and they fight when they are individually moved to do so because of Buy readymade dissertation some grievance, not on the orders of essay killed romeo captains or kings.

Women in Indian society were treated so well as to startle the Spaniards. Las Casas describes sex relations: Marriage laws are non-existent men and women alike choose their mates and dissertation leave them as they please, without offense, jealousy or anger. They multiply in great abundance; pregnant women work to the last minute and give birth almost painlessly; up the next day, they bathe in the river and are as clean and healthy as before giving birth. If they tire of their men, they give themselves abortions with herbs that force stillbirths, covering their shameful parts with leaves or cotton cloth; although on the whole, Indian men and women look upon total nakedness with as much casualness as we look upon a man's head or at his hands. The Indians, Las Casas says, have no religion, at least no temples. They live in. large communal bell-shaped buildings, housing up to 600 people at one time . made of very strong wood and roofed with palm leaves. They prize bird feathers of various colors, beads made of fishbones, and Help writing green and white stones with which they adorn their ears and lips, but they put no value on gold and other precious things.

They lack all manner of commerce, neither buying nor selling, and rely exclusively on Buy readymade dissertation their natural environment for maintenance. They are extremely generous with their possessions and by the same token covet the possessions of their friends and expect the same degree of words definition essay liberality. . In Book Two of his History of the Indies , Las Casas (who at Buy readymade first urged replacing Indians by black slaves, thinking they were stronger and would survive, but later relented when he saw the effects on blacks) tells about the treatment of the paper Indians by the Spaniards. It is Buy readymade a unique account and deserves to be quoted at Help writing length: Endless testimonies . .. Buy Readymade Dissertation! prove the mild and pacific temperament of the natives. But our work was to exasperate, ravage, kill, mangle and words for a essay destroy; small wonder, then, if they tried to kill one of us now and then. The admiral, it is true, was blind as those who came after him, and he was so anxious to please the King that he committed irreparable crimes against the Indians. Las Casas tells how the Spaniards grew more conceited every day and after a while refused to walk any distance. They rode the Buy readymade dissertation backs of Indians if they were in a hurry or were carried on hammocks by Health history assignment visitor Indians running in relays. In this case they also had Indians carry large leaves to shade them from the sun and others to fan them with goose wings. Total control led to total cruelty. Buy Readymade! The Spaniards thought nothing of knifing Indians by tens and twenties and of cutting slices off them to test the sharpness of writing thesis their blades.

Las Casas tells how two of these so-called Christians met two Indian boys one day, each carrying a parrot; they took the parrots and for fun beheaded the boys. The Indians' attempts to dissertation defend themselves failed. And when they ran off into the hills they were found and Really good killed. So, Las Casas reports, they suffered and died in the mines and other labors in desperate silence, knowing not a soul in the world to whom they could turn for help. He describes their work in the mines: . mountains are stripped from top to bottom and bottom to top a thousand times; they dig, split rocks, move stones, and Buy readymade carry dirt on their backs to wash it in the rivers, while those who wash gold stay in the water all the time with their backs bent so constantly it breaks them; and when water invades the mines, the most arduous task of all is to dry the mines by scooping up pansful of water and throwing it up outside. After each six or eight months' work in the mines, which was the time required of each crew to dig enough gold for melting, up to a third of the men died. While the men were sent many miles away to the mines, the wives remained to work the soil, forced into logic, the excruciating job of digging and making thousands of hills for cassava plants. Thus husbands and wives were together only once every eight or ten months and when they met they were so exhausted and depressed on both sides . they ceased to procreate.

As for Buy readymade the newly born, they died early because their mothers, overworked and famished, had no milk to nurse them, and for this reason, while I was in Help writing Cuba, 7000 children died in three months. Buy Readymade! Some mothers even drowned their babies from visitor sheer desperation. in this way, husbands died in dissertation the mines, wives died at work, and children died from lack of milk . .. and in a short time this land which was so great, so powerful and Health history assignment fertile . was depopulated. . My eyes have seen these acts so foreign to human nature, and now I tremble as I write. Buy Readymade Dissertation! . When he arrived on Hispaniola in 1508, Las Casas says, there were 60,000 people living on this island, including the Indians; so that from 1494 to Really logic 1508, over three million people had perished from war, slavery, and dissertation the mines. Who in Good words future generations will believe this? I myself writing it as a knowledgeable eyewitness can hardly believe it. Thus began the history, five hundred years ago, of the European invasion of the dissertation Indian settlements in the Americas.

That beginning, when you read Las Casas-even if his figures are exaggerations (were there 3 million Indians to help me my science homework breath begin with, as he says, or less than a million, as some historians have calculated, or 8 million as others now believe?)-is conquest, slavery, death. When we read the history books given to children in the United States, it all starts with heroic adventure-there is no bloodshed-and Columbus Day is a celebration. Past the elementary and high schools, there are only occasional hints of something else. Buy Readymade! Samuel Eliot Morison, the Harvard historian, was the most distinguished writer on Columbus, the author of a multivolume biography, and Health history visitor was himself a sailor who retraced Columbus's route across the Buy readymade dissertation Atlantic. In his popular book Christopher Columbus, Mariner, written in Good definition 1954, he tells about the enslavement and Buy readymade dissertation the killing: The cruel policy initiated by Columbus and pursued by writing thesis his successors resulted in Buy readymade complete genocide. That is on one page, buried halfway into the telling of a grand romance. In the book's last paragraph, Morison sums up his view of Columbus: He had his faults and his defects, but they were largely the defects of the qualities that made him great-his indomitable will, his superb faith in God and in his own mission as the Christ-bearer to lands beyond the seas, his stubborn persistence despite neglect, poverty and Really good discouragement. But there was no flaw, no dark side to the most outstanding and essential of all his qualities-his seamanship. One can lie outright about the dissertation past.

Or one can omit facts which might lead to unacceptable conclusions. Help Science Breath! Morison does neither. He refuses to lie about Columbus. He does not omit the dissertation story of mass murder; indeed he describes it with the harshest word one can use: genocide. But he does something else-he mentions the truth quickly and goes on to other things more important to him. Good! Outright lying or quiet omission takes the risk of dissertation discovery which, when made, might arouse the reader to Good essay rebel against the writer. To state the facts, however, and Buy readymade then to bury them in a mass of other information is to say to the reader with a certain infectious calm: yes, mass murder took place, but it's not that important-it should weigh very little in our final judgments; it should affect very little what we do in the world. It is not that the historian can avoid emphasis of some facts and not of others. This is as natural to him as to logic the mapmaker, who, in order to produce a usable drawing for Buy readymade dissertation practical purposes, must first flatten and distort the shape of the paper mirror on leadership earth, then choose out of the bewildering mass of geographic information those things needed for the purpose of this or that particular map. My argument cannot be against Buy readymade selection, simplification, emphasis, which are inevitable for both cartographers and historians. But the map-maker's distortion is a technical necessity for a common purpose shared by all people who need maps.

The historian's distortion is Persuasive essay killed more than technical, it is ideological; it is released into a world of contending interests, where any chosen emphasis supports (whether the historian means to or not) some kind of interest, whether economic or political or racial or national or sexual. Furthermore, this ideological interest is not openly expressed in the way a mapmaker's technical interest is obvious (This is Buy readymade a Mercator projection for paper mirror on leadership long-range navigation-for short-range, you'd better use a different projection). No, it is presented as if all readers of history had a common interest which historians serve to the best of their ability. This is not intentional deception; the historian has been trained in a society in which education and Buy readymade dissertation knowledge are put forward as technical problems of excellence and not as tools for contending social classes, races, nations. To emphasize the heroism of Columbus and his successors as navigators and discoverers, and to de-emphasize their genocide, is not a technical necessity but an ideological choice. It serves- unwittingly-to justify what was done. Me My Homework! My point is not that we must, in telling history, accuse, judge, condemn Columbus in absentia . It is too late for that; it would be a useless scholarly exercise in morality. But the easy acceptance of atrocities as a deplorable but necessary price to Buy readymade pay for Somebody help me my breath progress (Hiroshima and Vietnam, to save Western civilization; Kronstadt and Hungary, to save socialism; nuclear proliferation, to save us all)-that is still with us. One reason these atrocities are still with us is that we have learned to Buy readymade dissertation bury them in a mass of other facts, as radioactive wastes are buried in containers in the earth. We have learned to give them exactly the same proportion of attention that teachers and writers often give them in the most respectable of classrooms and textbooks. This learned sense of moral proportion, coming from the apparent objectivity of the scholar, is accepted more easily than when it comes from politicians at press conferences.

It is therefore more deadly. The treatment of heroes (Columbus) and their victims (the Arawaks)-the quiet acceptance of conquest and Health history murder in Buy readymade the name of on who killed romeo progress-is only one aspect of a certain approach to history, in which the past is Buy readymade dissertation told from the point of view of Help writing governments, conquerors, diplomats, leaders. It is as if they, like Columbus, deserve universal acceptance, as if they-the Founding Fathers, Jackson, Lincoln, Wilson, Roosevelt, Kennedy, the leading members of Congress, the famous Justices of the Supreme Court-represent the nation as a whole. The pretense is that there really is such a thing as the United States, subject to occasional conflicts and quarrels, but fundamentally a community of people with common interests. It is as if there really is a national interest represented in the Constitution, in territorial expansion, in the laws passed by Congress, the decisions of the courts, the development of capitalism, the culture of education and the mass media. History is the memory of states, wrote Henry Kissinger in dissertation his first book, A World Restored , in Health assignment visitor which he proceeded to tell the history of nineteenth-century Europe from the viewpoint of the leaders of Austria and dissertation England, ignoring the millions who suffered from those statesmen's policies.

From his standpoint, the mirror peace that Europe had before the French Revolution was restored by the diplomacy of Buy readymade dissertation a few national leaders. But for factory workers in England, farmers in France, colored people in Asia and Africa, women and children everywhere except in the upper classes, it was a world of Good words for a essay conquest, violence, hunger, exploitation-a world not restored but disintegrated. My viewpoint, in Buy readymade dissertation telling the history of the United States, is different: that we must not accept the memory of states as our own. Nations are not communities and Reflective paper mirror on leadership never have been, The history of any country, presented as the history of a family, conceals fierce conflicts of interest (sometimes exploding, most often repressed) between conquerors and conquered, masters and slaves, capitalists and workers, dominators and dominated in race and sex. And in dissertation such a world of conflict, a world of victims and executioners, it is the job of thinking people, as Albert Camus suggested, not to be on the side of the executioners. Thus, in words for a essay that inevitable taking of sides which comes from selection and emphasis in history, I prefer to try to tell the story of the discovery of America from the viewpoint of the Arawaks, of the dissertation Constitution from the standpoint of the slaves, of Andrew Jackson as seen by the Cherokees, of the Civil War as seen by the New York Irish, of the Mexican war as seen by the deserting soldiers of paper Scott's army, of the Buy readymade rise of industrialism as seen by the young women in the Lowell textile mills, of the Spanish-American war as seen by the Cubans, the conquest of the Philippines as seen by history black soldiers on Luzon, the Gilded Age as seen by Buy readymade southern farmers, the First World War as seen by socialists, the Second World War as seen by pacifists, the New Deal as seen by blacks in Harlem, the Somebody science homework breath postwar American empire as seen by peons in Latin America. And so on, to the limited extent that any one person, however he or she strains, can see history from the standpoint of others. My point is not to grieve for the victims and denounce the executioners.

Those tears, that anger, cast into the past, deplete our moral energy for the present. Dissertation! And the lines are not always clear. Words For A Essay! In the long run, the Buy readymade dissertation oppressor is also a victim. In the short run (and so far, human history has consisted only history assignment of short runs), the dissertation victims, themselves desperate and tainted with the culture that oppresses them, turn on other victims. Still, understanding the logic homework good complexities, this book will be skeptical of governments and their attempts, through politics and culture, to ensnare ordinary people in a giant web of nationhood pretending to a common interest.

I will try not to overlook the dissertation cruelties that victims inflict on one another as they are jammed together in the boxcars of the essay on who killed system. Dissertation! I don't want to romanticize them. Homework! But I do remember (in rough paraphrase) a statement I once read: The cry of the poor is not always just, but if you don't listen to it, you will never know what justice is. I don't want to Buy readymade invent victories for people's movements. But to think that history-writing must aim simply to recapitulate the failures that dominate the past is to make historians collaborators in Really good an endless cycle of defeat. If history is to be creative, to anticipate a possible future without denying the past, it should, I believe, emphasize new possibilities by disclosing those hidden episodes of the past when, even if in brief flashes, people showed their ability to resist, to join together, occasionally to win.

I am supposing, or perhaps only Buy readymade dissertation hoping, that our future may be found in the past's fugitive moments of compassion rather than in its solid centuries of warfare. That, being as blunt as I can, is my approach to the history of the United States. The reader may as well know that before going on. What Columbus did to the Arawaks of the Bahamas, Cortes did to the Aztecs of Mexico, Pizarro to the Incas of Peru, and the English settlers of help me my homework breath Virginia and Massachusetts to the Powhatans and the Pequots. The Aztec civilization of Mexico came out of the heritage of Mayan, Zapotec, and Toltec cultures. It built enormous constructions from stone tools and dissertation human labor, developed a writing system and a priesthood.

It also engaged in (let us not overlook this) the ritual killing of thousands of people as sacrifices to paper mirror the gods. The cruelty of the Aztecs, however, did not erase a certain innocence, and when a Spanish armada appeared at Vera Cruz, and a bearded white man came ashore, with strange beasts (horses), clad in Buy readymade iron, it was thought that he was the legendary Aztec man-god who had died three hundred years before, with the promise to return-the mysterious Quetzalcoatl. Thesis! And so they welcomed him, with munificent hospitality. That was Hernando Cortes, come from Spain with an expedition financed by merchants and landowners and blessed by the deputies of Buy readymade God, with one obsessive goal: to Somebody breath find gold. In the Buy readymade dissertation mind of Montezuma, the king of the Somebody science breath Aztecs, there must have been a certain doubt about whether Cortes was indeed Quetzalcoatl, because he sent a hundred runners to Cortes, bearing enormous treasures, gold and silver wrought into objects of fantastic beauty, but at the same time begging him to go back. (The painter Durer a few years later described what he saw just arrived in Spain from that expedition-a sun of gold, a moon of silver, worth a fortune.)

Cortes then began his march of death from town to town, using deception, turning Aztec against Buy readymade dissertation Aztec, killing with the kind of deliberateness that accompanies a strategy-to paralyze the will of the population by a sudden frightful deed. And so, in Cholulu, he invited the headmen of the Cholula nation to the square. And when they came, with thousands of unarmed retainers, Cortes's small army of writing thesis Spaniards, posted around the square with cannon, armed with crossbows, mounted on horses, massacred them, down to the last man. Then they looted the city and moved on. Dissertation! When their cavalcade of Somebody me my science homework murder was over they were in Mexico City, Montezuma was dead, and the Aztec civilization, shattered, was in the hands of the Spaniards. All this is told in the Spaniards' own accounts. In Peru, that other Spanish conquistador Pizarro, used the same tactics, and for the same reasons- the frenzy in dissertation the early capitalist states of Somebody help homework breath Europe for gold, for slaves, for Buy readymade products of the soil, to pay the bondholders and Reflective mirror stockholders of the expeditions, to finance the monarchical bureaucracies rising in Western Europe, to Buy readymade dissertation spur the growth of the new money economy rising out of feudalism, to participate in what Karl Marx would later call the primitive accumulation of capital. Good Words For A! These were the violent beginnings of an intricate system of technology, business, politics, and culture that would dominate the world for the next five centuries. In the North American English colonies, the dissertation pattern was set early, as Columbus had set it in the islands of the Bahamas. In 1585, before there was any permanent English settlement in Virginia, Richard Grenville landed there with seven ships. Really Good! The Indians he met were hospitable, but when one of them stole a small silver cup, Grenville sacked and Buy readymade dissertation burned the whole Indian village.

Jamestown itself was set up inside the territory of an Indian confederacy, led by the chief, Powhatan. Powhatan watched the English settle on his people's land, but did not attack, maintaining a posture of coolness. When the English were going through their starving time in Reflective the winter of 1610, some of them ran off to join the Indians, where they would at least be fed. When the summer came, the Buy readymade dissertation governor of the colony sent a messenger to ask Powhatan to return the runaways, whereupon Powhatan, according to history assignment visitor the English account, replied with noe other than prowde and disdaynefull Answers. Some soldiers were therefore sent out to take Revenge. They fell upon an Indian settlement, killed fifteen or sixteen Indians, burned the houses, cut down the corn growing around the village, took the queen of the tribe and her children into boats, then ended up throwing the children overboard and shoteinge owit their Braynes in the water. Buy Readymade! The queen was later taken off and stabbed to death. Twelve years later, the Indians, alarmed as the English settlements kept growing in help science homework breath numbers, apparently decided to try to wipe them out for Buy readymade dissertation good. Words For A Definition Essay! They went on a rampage and massacred 347 men, women, and children.

From then on dissertation it was total war. Not able to enslave the Indians, and not able to live with them, the English decided to exterminate them. Good! Edmund Morgan writes, in his history of early Virginia, American Slavery, American Freedom: Since the Indians were better woodsmen than the dissertation English and virtually impossible to track down, the Good words definition method was to feign peaceful intentions, let them settle down and plant their com wherever they chose, and then, just before harvest, fall upon Buy readymade dissertation them, killing as many as possible and burning the Really logic good corn. Buy Readymade! . Within two or three years of the massacre the English had avenged the deaths of that day many times over. In that first year of the white man in Virginia, 1607, Powhatan had addressed a plea to John Smith that turned out prophetic. How authentic it is may be in doubt, but it is so much like so many Indian statements that it may be taken as, if not the rough letter of that first plea, the exact spirit of writing it: I have seen two generations of my people die. I know the difference between peace and war better than any man in Buy readymade my country. I am now grown old, and must die soon; my authority must descend to my brothers, Opitehapan, Opechancanough and Catatough-then to my two sisters, and then to my two daughters-I wish them to know as much as I do, and that your love to essay on who romeo and juliet them may be like mine to you. Why will you take by dissertation force what you may have quietly by love? Why will you destroy us who supply you with food?

What can you get by war? We can hide our provisions and run into the woods; then you will starve for wronging your friends. Why are you jealous of us? We are unarmed, and willing to give you what you ask, if you come in a friendly manner, and not so simple as not to Help know that it is much better to eat good meat, sleep comfortably, live quietly with my wives and children, laugh and be merry with the English, and trade for their copper and hatchets, than to run away from them, and to lie cold in the woods, feed on acorns, roots and such trash, and be so hunted that I can neither eat nor sleep. In these wars, my men must sit up watching, and if a twig break, they all cry out Here comes Captain Smith! So I must end my miserable life. Take away your guns and swords, the cause of all our jealousy, or you may all die in Buy readymade the same manner. When the Pilgrims came to New England they too were coming not to vacant land but to territory inhabited by tribes of Indians.

The governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, John Winthrop, created the excuse to take Indian land by declaring the area legally a vacuum. The Indians, he said, had not subdued the land, and therefore had only a natural right to it, but not a civil right. A natural right did not have legal standing. The Puritans also appealed to the Bible, Psalms 2:8: Ask of definition me, and I shall give thee, the Buy readymade dissertation heathen for thine inheritance, and the uttermost parts of the earth for thy possession. And to justify their use of force to take the land, they cited Romans 13:2: Whosoever therefore resisteth the power, resisteth the ordinance of God: and they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation. The Puritans lived in uneasy truce with the Pequot Indians, who occupied what is now southern Connecticut and Rhode Island. But they wanted them out of the way; they wanted their land.

And they seemed to want also to establish their rule firmly over Connecticut settlers in Somebody help me my that area. The murder of a white trader, Indian-kidnaper, and troublemaker became an Buy readymade dissertation, excuse to make war on the Pequots in 1636. A punitive expedition left Boston to attack the Narraganset Indians on Block Island, who were lumped with the Pequots. As Governor Winthrop wrote: They had commission to put to death the men of Block Island, but to spare the women and children, and to Really homework good bring them away, and to take possession of the island; and Buy readymade from thence to go to the Pequods to demand the murderers of Captain Stone and other English, and one thousand fathom of wampum for damages, etc. and some of their children as hostages, which if they should refuse, they were to obtain it by force. The English landed and killed some Indians, but the rest hid in the thick forests of the island and the English went from one deserted village to the next, destroying crops. Then they sailed back to the mainland and raided Pequot villages along the coast, destroying crops again. One of the homework officers of that expedition, in his account, gives some insight into the Pequots they encountered: The Indians spying of us came running in multitudes along the water side, crying, What cheer, Englishmen, what cheer, what do you come for? They not thinking we intended war, went on cheerfully. - So, the war with the Pequots began. Massacres took place on both sides. The English developed a tactic of warfare used earlier by Cortes and Buy readymade later, in the twentieth century, even more systematically: deliberate attacks on noncombatants for the purpose of terrorizing the enemy.

This is ethno historian Francis Jennings's interpretation of Captain John Mason's attack on a Pequot village on the Mystic River near Long Island Sound: Mason proposed to avoid attacking Pequot warriors, which would have overtaxed his unseasoned, unreliable troops. Battle, as such, was not his purpose. Battle is only one of the Good for a essay ways to destroy an enemy's will to fight. Massacre can accomplish the same end with less risk, and Mason had determined that massacre would be his objective. So the dissertation English set fire to Good essay the wigwams of the village. By their own account: The Captain also said, We must Burn Them; and immediately stepping into the Wigwam . brought out a Fire Brand, and putting it into the Matts with which they were covered, set the Buy readymade Wigwams on Fire.

William Bradford, in writing his History of the Plymouth Plantation written at Buy readymade dissertation the time, describes John Mason's raid on the Pequot village: Those that scaped the writing fire were slaine with the sword; some hewed to peeces, others rune throw with their rapiers, so as they were quickly dispatchte, and very few escaped. It was conceived they thus destroyed about 400 at this time. It was a fearful sight to see them thus frying in the fyer, and the streams of blood quenching the same, and horrible was the stincke and sente there of, but the victory seemed a sweete sacrifice, and they gave the prayers thereof to God, who had wrought so wonderfully for them, thus to inclose their enemise in their hands, and give them so speedy a victory over so proud and insulting an enimie. As Dr. Buy Readymade Dissertation! Cotton Mather, Puritan theologian, put it: It was supposed that no less than 600 Pequot souls were brought down to hell that day.

The war continued. Indian tribes were used against one another, and never seemed able to join together in fighting the Somebody help me my breath English. Jennings sums up: The terror was very real among the Indians, but in time they came to meditate upon its foundations. They drew three lessons from the Pequot War: (1) that the Englishmen's most solemn pledge would be broken whenever obligation conflicted with advantage; (2) that the English way of war had no limit of scruple or mercy; and (3) that weapons of Indian making were almost useless against Buy readymade dissertation weapons of European manufacture. These lessons the Indians took to heart.

A footnote in Virgil Vogel's book This Land Was Ours (1972) says: The official figure on the number of paper mirror on leadership Pequots now in Connecticut is twenty-one persons. Forty years after the Pequot War, Puritans and Indians fought again. This time it was the Wampanoags, occupying the south shore of Massachusetts Bay, who were in the way and Buy readymade dissertation also beginning to trade some of Persuasive essay killed and juliet their land to people outside the dissertation Massachusetts Bay Colony. Their chief, Massasoit, was dead. His son Wamsutta had been killed by Englishmen, and Wamsuttas brother Metacom (later to be called King Philip by the English) became chief. The English found their excuse, a murder which they attributed to Metacom, and Really logic good they began a war of conquest against the Wampanoags, a war to take their land. They were clearly the aggressors, but claimed they attacked for preventive purposes.

As Roger Williams, more friendly to the Indians than most, put it: All men of conscience or prudence ply to windward, to Buy readymade dissertation maintain their wars to be defensive. Jennings says the elite of the Puritans wanted the war; the ordinary white Englishman did not want it and often refused to fight. The Indians certainly did not want war, but they matched atrocity with atrocity. When it was over, in 1676, the English had won, but their resources were drained; they had lost six hundred men. Three thousand Indians were dead, including Metacom himself. Yet the Indian raids did not stop. For a while, the English tried softer tactics. But ultimately, it was back to annihilation. The Indian population of 10 million that lived north of Mexico when Columbus came would ultimately be reduced to less than a million. Huge numbers of Indians would die from diseases introduced by the whites. A Dutch traveler in New Netherland wrote in 1656 that the Indians . affirm, that before the arrival of the Christians, and before the smallpox broke out amongst them, they were ten times as numerous as they now are, and that their population had been melted down by this disease, whereof nine-tenths of paper mirror them have died.

When the English first settled Martha's Vineyard in dissertation 1642, the writing thesis Wampanoags there numbered perhaps three thousand. There were no wars on that island, but by dissertation 1764, only 313 Indians were left there. Similarly, Block Island Indians numbered perhaps 1,200 to 1,500 in 1662, and by 1774 were reduced to fifty-one. Behind the English invasion of paper on leadership North America, behind their massacre of Indians, their deception, their brutality, was that special powerful drive born in civilizations based on private property. It was a morally ambiguous drive; the need for space, for land, was a real human need. But in conditions of scarcity, in a barbarous epoch of history ruled by competition, this human need was transformed into the murder of whole peoples.

Roger Williams said it was. a depraved appetite after the great vanities, dreams and shadows of dissertation this vanishing life, great portions of land, land in Help writing thesis this wilderness, as if men were in as great necessity and danger for Buy readymade want of homework good great portions of land, as poor, hungry, thirsty seamen have, after a sick and stormy, a long and starving passage. This is Buy readymade dissertation one of the gods of New England, which the living and Somebody help homework most high Eternal will destroy and famish. Was all this bloodshed and deceit-from Columbus to Cortes, Pizarro, the Puritans-a necessity for the human race to progress from savagery to civilization? Was Morison right in burying the story of genocide inside a more important story of human progress?

Perhaps a persuasive argument can be made-as it was made by Buy readymade Stalin when he killed peasants for industrial progress in the Soviet Union, as it was made by Churchill explaining the bombings of Dresden and Hamburg, and Truman explaining Hiroshima. But how can the judgment be made if the benefits and losses cannot be balanced because the losses are either unmentioned or mentioned quickly? That quick disposal might be acceptable (Unfortunate, yes, but it had to Persuasive essay romeo and juliet be done) to the middle and dissertation upper classes of the conquering and advanced countries. Assignment Visitor! But is it acceptable to the poor of Buy readymade Asia, Africa, Latin America, or to the prisoners in words essay Soviet labor camps, or the blacks in urban ghettos, or the Indians on reservations-to the victims of that progress which benefits a privileged minority in the world? Was it acceptable (or just inescapable?) to the miners and Buy readymade dissertation railroaders of paper on leadership America, the factory hands, the men and women who died by the hundreds of thousands from accidents or sickness, where they worked or where they lived-casualties of progress? And even the privileged minority-must it not reconsider, with that practicality which even privilege cannot abolish, the value of its privileges, when they become threatened by the anger of the dissertation sacrificed, whether in organized rebellion, unorganized riot, or simply those brutal individual acts of desperation labeled crimes by law and paper the state?

If there are necessary sacrifices to be made for human progress, is it not essential to hold to the principle that those to be sacrificed must make the decision themselves? We can all decide to Buy readymade give up something of ours, but do we have the right to throw into the pyre the children of romeo and juliet others, or even our own children, for a progress which is not nearly as clear or present as sickness or health, life or death? What did people in Spain get out of all that death and dissertation brutality visited on the Indians of the Americas? For a brief period in history, there was the glory of good a Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere. Dissertation! As Hans Koning sums it up in his book Columbus: His Enterprise : For all the gold and silver stolen and shipped to Spain did not make the Spanish people richer. It gave their kings an Somebody help science homework breath, edge in the balance of power for a time, a chance to hire more mercenary soldiers for their wars. They ended up losing those wars anyway, and Buy readymade all that was left was a deadly inflation, a starving population, the rich richer, the poor poorer, and a ruined peasant class. Beyond all that, how certain are we that what was destroyed was inferior?

Who were these people who came out on the beach and Reflective mirror swam to bring presents to Columbus and his crew, who watched Cortes and Pizarro ride through their countryside, who peered out of the forests at the first white settlers of Virginia and Massachusetts? Columbus called them Indians, because he miscalculated the size of the earth. In this book we too call them Indians, with some reluctance, because it happens too often that people are saddled with names given them by their conquerors. And yet, there is some reason to call them Indians, because they did come, perhaps 25,000 years ago, from Asia, across the land bridge of the Bering Straits (later to Buy readymade dissertation disappear under water) to Alaska. Then they moved southward, seeking warmth and essay on who romeo land, in a trek lasting thousands of Buy readymade years that took them into on leadership, North America, then Central and South America.

In Nicaragua, Brazil, and Ecuador their petrified footprints can still be seen, along with the print of bison, who disappeared about five thousand years ago, so they must have reached South America at least that far back. Widely dispersed over the great land mass of the Americas, they numbered approximately 75 million people by the time Columbus came, perhaps 25 million in North America. Responding to the different environments of soil and climate, they developed hundreds of Buy readymade dissertation different tribal cultures, perhaps two thousand different languages. Help Writing! They perfected the art of agriculture, and figured out Buy readymade dissertation how to grow maize (corn), which cannot grow by itself and must be planted, cultivated, fertilized, harvested, husked, shelled. They ingeniously developed a variety of Somebody me my other vegetables and fruits, as well as peanuts and chocolate and tobacco and rubber. On their own, the Indians were engaged in the great agricultural revolution that other peoples in dissertation Asia, Europe, Africa were going through about the same time. While many of the tribes remained nomadic hunters and food gatherers in wandering, egalitarian communes, others began to live in more settled communities where there was more food, larger populations, more divisions of labor among men and women, more surplus to feed chiefs and priests, more leisure time for artistic and social work, for building houses.

About a thousand years before Christ, while comparable constructions were going on in Egypt and Mesopotamia, the words essay Zuni and Hopi Indians of what is now New Mexico had begun to build villages consisting of large terraced buildings, nestled in among cliffs and mountains for Buy readymade protection from enemies, with hundreds of rooms in each village. Before the arrival of the European explorers, they were using irrigation canals, dams, were doing ceramics, weaving baskets, making cloth out of cotton. By the time of for a definition Christ and Julius Caesar, there had developed in the Ohio River Valley a culture of so-called Moundbuilders, Indians who constructed thousands of enormous sculptures out of earth, sometimes in the shapes of huge humans, birds, or serpents, sometimes as burial sites, sometimes as fortifications. One of them was 3 1/2 miles long, enclosing 100 acres. These Moundbuilders seem to have been part of a complex trading system of ornaments and weapons from as far off as the Great Lakes, the Far West, and the Gulf of Buy readymade Mexico.

About A.D. 500, as this Moundbuilder culture of the Ohio Valley was beginning to decline, another culture was developing westward, in the valley of the Mississippi, centered on what is now St. Louis. It had an advanced agriculture, included thousands of mirror on leadership villages, and also built huge earthen mounds as burial and Buy readymade ceremonial places near a vast Indian metropolis that may have had thirty thousand people. Reflective! The largest mound was 100 feet high, with a rectangular base larger than that of the Buy readymade dissertation Great Pyramid of Egypt. In the city, known as Cahokia, were toolmakers, hide dressers, potters, jewelry makers, weavers, salt makers, copper engravers, and help homework magnificent ceramists. One funeral blanket was made of twelve thousand shell beads.

From the Adirondacks to the Great Lakes, in what is now Pennsylvania and upper New York, lived the most powerful of the northeastern tribes, the League of the Iroquois, which included the Mohawks (People of the Flint), Oneidas (People of the Stone), Onondagas (People of the Mountain), Cayugas (People at the Landing), and Senecas (Great Hill People), thousands of Buy readymade people bound together by a common Iroquois language. In the vision of the Mohawk chief Iliawatha, the legendary Dekaniwidah spoke to Help thesis the Iroquois: We bind ourselves together by taking hold of each other's hands so firmly and forming a circle so strong that if a tree should fall upon it, it could not shake nor break it, so that our people and grandchildren shall remain in the circle in security, peace and happiness. In the villages of the Iroquois, land was owned in common and worked in common. Buy Readymade! Hunting was done together, and Good words for a definition the catch was divided among the members of the village. Houses were considered common property and were shared by Buy readymade dissertation several families.

The concept of private ownership of land and homes was foreign to the Iroquois. A French Jesuit priest who encountered them in the 1650s wrote: No poorhouses are needed among them, because they are neither mendicants nor paupers.. . . Their kindness, humanity and assignment visitor courtesy not only makes them liberal with what they have, but causes them to Buy readymade dissertation possess hardly anything except in common. Women were important and respected in Iroquois society. Families were matrilineal. That is, the family line went down through the female members, whose husbands joined the family, while sons who married then joined their wives' families. Each extended family lived in a long house. When a woman wanted a divorce, she set her husband's things outside the door.

Families were grouped in clans, and a dozen or more clans might make up a village. The senior women in the village named the men who represented the clans at Really homework good village and tribal councils. Buy Readymade Dissertation! They also named the forty-nine chiefs who were the ruling council for the Five Nation confederacy of the Iroquois. The women attended clan meetings, stood behind the circle of Good words essay men who spoke and voted, and removed the men from office if they strayed too far from the wishes of the Buy readymade dissertation women. The women tended the essay romeo and juliet crops and took general charge of Buy readymade dissertation village affairs while the men were always hunting or fishing. And since they supplied the moccasins and Somebody help breath food for warring expeditions, they had some control over military matters. As Gary B. Nash notes in his fascinating study of early America, Red, White, and Black: Thus power was shared between the sexes and Buy readymade the European idea of male dominancy and paper female subordination in all things was conspicuously absent in Iroquois society. Children in Iroquois society, while taught the cultural heritage of Buy readymade their people and solidarity with the tribe, were also taught to paper mirror be independent, not to submit to overbearing authority. Buy Readymade! They were taught equality in status and the sharing of possessions.

The Iroquois did not use harsh punishment on children; they did not insist on Good words definition essay early weaning or early toilet training, but gradually allowed the child to learn self-care. All of this was in sharp contrast to European values as brought over by the first colonists, a society of rich and poor, controlled by priests, by governors, by male heads of families. For example, the pastor of the Pilgrim colony, John Robinson, thus advised his parishioners how to deal with their children: And surely there is in all children . a stubbornness, and dissertation stoutness of mind arising from natural pride, which must, in homework the first place, be broken and beaten down; that so the foundation of their education being laid in humility and tractableness, other virtues may, in their time, be built thereon. Gary Nash describes Iroquois culture: No laws and ordinances, sheriffs and constables, judges and juries, or courts or jails-the apparatus of authority in Buy readymade dissertation European societies-were to be found in the northeast woodlands prior to European arrival. Yet boundaries of acceptable behavior were firmly set. Homework! Though priding themselves on the autonomous individual, the Iroquois maintained a strict sense of right and wrong. He who stole another's food or acted invalourously in war was shamed by his people and ostracized from their company until he had atoned for his actions and demonstrated to their satisfaction that he had morally purified himself.

Not only the Iroquois but other Indian tribes behaved the same way. In 1635, Maryland Indians responded to the governor's demand that if any of dissertation them killed an history assignment, Englishman, the guilty one should be delivered up for punishment according to Buy readymade dissertation English law. The Indians said: It is the manner amongst us Indians, that if any such accident happen, wee doe redeeme the Reflective paper life of a man that is so slaine, with a 100 armes length of Beades and since that you are heere strangers, and Buy readymade come into our Countrey, you should rather conform yourselves to the Customes of our Countrey, than impose yours upon paper us. So, Columbus and his successors were not coming into Buy readymade dissertation, an empty wilderness, but into a world which in Really homework some places was as densely populated as Europe itself, where the culture was complex, where human relations were more egalitarian than in Europe, and where the relations among men, women, children, and nature were more beautifully worked out than perhaps any place in the world. They were people without a written language, but with their own laws, their poetry, their history kept in memory and passed on, in Buy readymade an oral vocabulary more complex than Europe's, accompanied by song, dance, and ceremonial drama. They paid careful attention to thesis the development of personality, intensity of will, independence and flexibility, passion and potency, to Buy readymade dissertation their partnership with one another and with nature.

John Collier, an American scholar who lived among Indians in the 1920s and 1930s in the American Southwest, said of their spirit: Could we make it our own, there would be an Persuasive killed, eternally inexhaustible earth and a forever lasting peace. Perhaps there is some romantic mythology in that. But the evidence from European travelers in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, put together recently by an American specialist on Indian life, William Brandon, is Buy readymade dissertation overwhelmingly supportive of much of that myth. Even allowing for the imperfection of me my science myths, it is enough to make us question, for that time and ours, the excuse of progress in the annihilation of races, and dissertation the telling of history from the standpoint of the conquerors and leaders of Western civilization.