Why i want to be a police officer essay

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Business Research, Reports, Executive Summaries, and essay Presentations. I Need Help Homework! For many students, their first job after graduation involves performing research and eventually preparing and presenting business reports. The following is a short-cut guide to help in the preparation of want a police essay, a formal business report and some pointers on presentations. This is Writing research regression not a comprehensive guide, but it does give the reader some simple rules to follow. Typically, organizations have their own preferred format for reports, so this is only intended as a guide.

The two generally accepted forms of business research are qualitative and Why i to be a police officer essay quantitative. Qualitative research involves descriptive reporting of information. Common methods of collecting this information are by observing, interviewing, and focus groups. Quantitative research , on the other hand, involves the collection of numerical data for I need in english, analysis. This is often accomplished with surveys, experiments, or content analysis. Care must be taken when using qualitative research because the quality of the information is only as good as the researcher#8217;s ability to #8220;read the situation#8221; and is subjective as to Why i to be a police, the interpretations of reality. At the same time, the validity of the quantitative research can be heavily biased without anyone knowing it.

The two principal methods of collecting information for business reports are primary research and secondary research. Primary research involves conducting original research. This is usually only extended, undertaken when secondary research is not available. Secondary research is information that has been compiled by someone else, and others use this information to analyze the situation. We must be concerned with gathering relevant and accurate data from both internal and external sources. Internal sources include company records, reports, managers, and so on. Stakeholders (e.g., customers, suppliers, etc.) are examples of external sources. We must consider what method of want to be officer, collecting information to use and the type of research to analyze.

This will depend on many factors, including time, money, concern for validity, and How to start off a introduction so on. The general rule is that we should use proven methods until they prove to be unreliable or outdated. Components of typical business report are: Title page Executive summary Table of contents Report Appendices Works cited/bibliography/references. The title page is intended to communicate the following information to the reader: Name of the report (this should represent the nature and purpose). Who the report is presented to (including name, title, and organization).

The name of the person who is want a police essay submitting the report. Date of submission. Gender! Formatting of the title page will depend on the expectations of the organization that requests the report. Generally, at a minimum the above information must be included. Exhibit 1 is an example of a typical title page. An executive summary highlights the report#8217;s findings, conclusions, and recommendations.

It is a condensed version of the report. It is important that the executive summary is labelled as such (i.e., Executive Summary) so that the reader can identify it. Want To Be Officer! The executive summary is a stand-alone document (i.e., the reader may never read the actual report); therefore, you must include what you did, how you went about doing it, what you found out (with enough support), and your conclusions and recommendations. The components of the executive summary include the objectives/purposes of the report, a review of the points to follow, methodology (how the research and history analysis was completed), the want to be essay main points of the Writing report with support, and conclusions/recommendations. Generally, the length is anywhere from one paragraph to two pages in length. A helpful hint when writing the executive summary is to use your table of contents as a guide to ensure that you have covered the major points of the report. The executive summary process is as follows: Scan the report Highlight the objectives/purposes. Look for key ideas.

Group similar ideas. Eliminate secondary points. Table of to be a police, Contents. The purpose of the table of Sociology gender, contents is to provide the reader with an want, overview of the report topics and to help the reader to locate the topic. The listings in the table of contents are usually the history headings that are used in want to be officer essay, the report and their initial page numbers (i.e., their starting page number). It is important that the table of contents is accounting prepared after the report is Why i want to be prepared; otherwise, mistakes are probable. Business reports typically have an introduction to the report, the body of the report, conclusions, and recommendations. The introduction of the report sets the scene for your for you, the report to follow. It should include: Background #8212;events leading up to Why i want a police essay, the problem or need. Problem or purpose #8212;explains what the report topic is. Significance #8212;explains why the topic important.

Scope #8212;tells what is included and what is excluded in the report. Organization #8212;previews the structure of the report. Methodology #8212;describes secondary sources and details how primary data were collected. The body of the I need with report is the principal section of the report. The purpose is to discuss, analyze, interpret, and evaluate the research findings or solutions. It is a police officer best to use clear headings for each major section to help the reader to navigate through the report.

It is important to use your words economically; do not repeat yourself except for emphasis, and do not pad the report with words that do not contribute to your message (e.g., instead of #8220;in order to be able to provide#8230;#8221; use #8220;to provide#8230;#8221;). Other hints for the body of the report are to be consistent with the name or acronym you choose to refer to the target of your investigation, use it throughout the report (i.e., do not use variations), and Sociology gender keep the person and tense consistent (e.g., if the subject is #8220;the company#8221; then the subsequent pronoun should be #8220;it#8221; not #8220;they#8221;). The conclusions tell what the findings mean. This must be tied to the discussion within the body of the report (i.e., do not make conclusions that are not discussed in the report). The conclusions are often combined with the Why i a police essay recommendations. When requested, the recommendations give precise suggestions of essay, different courses of action and their justifications. The writers of the report must use appropriate language (e.g., #8220;The following recommendations are supported by the findings and conclusion of this report.#8221;). Appendices are used for incidental or supporting materials that are relevant to the findings of the Why i a police report and important to some readers but not necessarily to all. Using appendices helps send the message that you have done a thorough job. Use appendices to expand, highlight, and detail, but do not repeat what you have said in I need help with science, the report. Label the appendices Appendix A, Appendix B, and so on.

The order of the appendices should coincide with the order they are mentioned in the report. The purpose of the references is to help the reader to locate the sources of ideas of the report and to give acknowledgement to want a police officer, the originator of the materials or ideas. If you are using information that is not widely known, cite it. Use #8220; Ibid .#8221; to repeat a citation on the same page. Generally, in the social sciences and business, the APA (American Psychological Association) format is Write essay for you extended used for to be a police officer, citing the sources of Write your essay extended, ideas mentioned in the report. Want To Be Officer Essay! The other two main formats are the Modern Language Association (MLA), used in language papers, and the Science format, used in the sciences and medicine. Regardless of the citing style used, you must include the author, title, publication, date of publication, page number(s), and other significant data for all ideas and quotes that are not your original thought or common understanding. Whenever you are unsure of the format, check the Web site of Dartmouth College for Managerial, examples. Below are some examples of proper citation. Guide to Bibliographies and Reference Notes.

Referencing is an Why i a police officer essay, integral part of your work term report. Any material that you use that is not your original thought or common knowledge must be referenced. Remember to reference interviews, company publications, Web sites, and CD-ROMS. The following examples of referencing are taken from the inequality Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association . 1 This manual contains over 70 examples of how to reference material from journal articles, CD-ROMS, proceedings of meetings, television broadcasts, and other sources. Remember that reference style is not as important as actually referencing. Regardless of the citation method used, you must be consistent. All of the material that you used in your report, whether cited in the text or not, must be listed in the bibliography. Following are examples of bibliographic citation for various media. Mitchell, T.R.

Larson, J.R. (1987). People in to be officer essay, organizations: an introduction to organization behaviour. New York: McGraw-Hill. Brown, S. (1990). The wheel of Managerial pdf weygandt, retailing: past and future. Why I Want To Be A Police! Journal of Retailing , 45 (2), 143-147. Serwer, A.E. (1994, October 17).

McDonald#8217;s conquers the world. Fortune , 103-106. Newspaper or Newsletter Articles (Author Unknown) Partnerships for the commercialization of I need in english, technology. (1997, Summer). Network , p. 1. Newspaper or Newsletter Articles (Author Known) Howes, C. (1997, January 25). Jobs: but nobody to essay, fill them? The Calgary Herald , p. H1.

Web Sites and Other Electronic Data Sources. List the author, full title of the document, title of the complete work, date of publication, full http address (URL), and date of visit: Burka, L.P. 1993. #8220;A Hypertext History of Multi-User Dimensions.#8221; MUD History .(5 Dec. 1994). Remember that anybody can create a Web page on anything. Web site information has generally not undergone any scrutiny whatsoever to ensure its accuracy. Any direct quote, reference to a specific fact (event, date, etc.), or paraphrasing of an argument made by the author of a published work should be referenced. With Science! This can be done by means of traditional footnotes or endnotes, but an Why i want to be essay, easier and Write extended more contemporary method is to want a police officer essay, put the author, date, and page number(s) in brackets, as in the following example: Any direct quote must also be enclosed in quotation marksæif you fail to do this, it is plagiarism even if you provide a reference! ( Globe and Mail , July 9, 1990: B5) Web sites can be cited by providing the author and the URL of the How to paragraph history exact page where you found the information (not just the home page).

For example: Be sure to include all referenced works in your bibliography. You must have both reference notes and a bibliography. Most students don#8217;t reference everything they should. If in doubt, reference it. Plagiarism and How to Avoid It. Below is an extract from Struggle for South Africa: A Guide to Movements, Organisations and Institutions by R. Davies, D. O#8217;Meara, and S. Dlamini. 2 It is followed by an unacceptable rendering found in a recent student paper, and then by two versions that make it acceptable through (1) use of quotation marks and (2) paraphrasing. The original source material is as follows:

The following is an Why i want a police officer, unacceptable rendering in student paper (plagiarism). Writing Great Essay! Note that the Why i to be a police essay student did not use quotation marks. Here is an start introduction paragraph, acceptable rendering using quotation marks: Here is another acceptable rendering of the same material. This time, the student has used paraphrasing. It is not acceptable simply to take sections (even sentence fragments) from an want a police officer, original text and splice them together to write your paper. If you are using phrases from an accounting, original work, they must be put in quotation marks and footnoted.

Note that of the two alternatives given above, the paraphrased version would generally be considered preferable because it is shorter, omits jargon (which many readers may not understand), and to be shows that the writer has understood the How to start introduction paragraph history gist of the want to be officer original source, and science is not simply parroting the material. Below are some helpful hints to ensure successful presentations:

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Simple and Why i to be a police officer, Clean Resume Templates. Hiring managers look at very many of resumes. Their eyes get tired quickly, and having to look at elaborate resumes doesn’t help. Introduction Paragraph History. In fact, fancy resume formats make the want to be essay recruitment process even harder, since hiring managers have to look past the design elements in order to off a paragraph, get to the content. Many job seekers believe that an eye-catching resume alone will help them land a job.

However, that is not usually the case. A clean, simple resume can help you stand out from the want officer pool of applicants by How to start paragraph, being easy to read and pleasant to look at. Professional resume formats will often use minimalist formatting to Why i want officer, capture the attention of paragraph history a hiring manager and showcase experience and skills. In this guide, we’ll talk about which types of want essay employers prefer a simple resume format over a modern or creative one. Write Essay For You. We’ll also walk you through how to format and write a resume using one of a police officer our free resume templates. Let’s get you on the path to creating your resume today. A simple resume does not need to be a boring one.

In fact, a simple resume format requires a lot of creativity because it should be both pleasing to the eye and tailored to your experience and desired job. A simple resume can be more conservative or more trendy, depending on which template you use. All of I need with our templates here have clean, simple layouts, but there is a lot of variety within the simple resume format, so you can choose one that suits your work history best. What Jobs Require a Simple Resume? If you’re applying to want a police officer, a conservative or old-fashioned place of employment, a simple resume is the way to go. The legal field is an example of a conservative workplace.

So are most professions in start introduction history, finance and many large corporate offices. If the job you want has a conservative dress code, you should probably use a simple resume format. This is like a dress code for your resume. Although a simple resume format is Why i a police essay, essential in those types workplaces, a well-crafted simple resume can also impress a potential employer in your essay, a creative, modern field. If you’re going after a job where design is important, then knowing how to use simple design elements without relying on Why i want to be a police essay fancy fonts or borders can actually make your resume stand out. Font, formatting, color scheme, and use of white space all make an attractive simple resume. This requires solid design knowledge. Whether you’re applying to Sociology on education gender, be a graphic designer or a fashion designer, a simple resume can be an excellent example of your creative skills. If you’re applying to a newer company, the employer can also be impressed by a clean, traditional simple resume, even if the corporate culture is Why i want to be a police officer essay, more laid-back. Many startups and tech companies use a minimalist aesthetic for their offices, websites, and products. You can show you’re a good fit by reflecting that same clean aesthetic in How to introduction paragraph history, your resume.

You need to decide what you’ll be putting on your resume before you can write and format it. To help you decide what should go on want to be a police officer your resume, you can use your existing resume or you can note down some specifics about your skills and experience. What you put on your resume will also depend on the details of the desired job and the job description. If you’re applying in the medical field for Sociology on education gender example, it’s important to have a section for Why i want to be certifications and credentials. If you’re applying for Writing list a retail job, however, this section is probably not necessary. Here are the Why i to be a police officer essay sections that should always go on your resume:

Here are some ideas for optional sections: Career Objective, Objective Statement, or Professional Summary Interests and Sociology on education inequality, Activities Relevant Skills Achievements and Awards References. Your resume should have the minimum number of sections necessary to Why i essay, showcase your abilities as a job candidate. Ruthlessly delete unnecessary information. Now that you’ve decided what sections to include, it’s time to How to introduction, format those sections into want officer essay a beautiful, simple resume. You don’t need to do this work on your own. We’ve compiled a list of inequality simple resume templates you can use. Want To Be. However, you should know about Writing research regression, good resume design so you’ll know how to best customize the Why i to be officer template you choose. With all of our resume templates, you can change the bullet points, fonts, colors, and arrangement as needed.

Avoid large blocks of essays text in your resume. Having white space between sections adds balance. Why I Want To Be Officer. If a section on your resume involves a list (such as a “Skills” section), you will want to choose a template with bullet points. These make your resume look organized and easy to How to start history, read. There’s nothing wrong with a classic font like Times New Roman, but a simple resume often looks best with a clean, modern, sans-serif font like Helvetica Neue. If you choose to to be a police, use font colors to dress up your resume, use them sparingly. Pick just one or two colors to highlight aspects of your resume. For example, you might choose a conservative color, like gray or dark blue, for resume headers. Make sure any font color you choose is easy to Writing analysis regression, read.

Avoid pink, yellow, and want to be officer essay, lighter shades, which look unprofessional and are hard to start paragraph history, notice. Always be consistent. Have your “Objective” header in the same color as your “Education” header. Don’t write your “Skills” section in Times New Roman and your “Work History” section in Helvetica. The following common resume mistakes make your resume look too complicated and poorly designed: Too many colors and fonts Hard-to-detect colors and fonts Unconventional fonts like Comic Sans Elaborate borders Colored or needlessly fancy paper Too many sections Unnecessary images Inconsistent formatting. If your resume is to be a police essay, overly designed or messy, employers will be distracted from the content and more likely to put your resume in start paragraph history, the “No” pile. A really elaborate resume might even be automatically discarded before it gets read. Once you’ve chosen the to be right resume template for you, it’s time to Sociology, write your unique resume content. If you’ve never written a resume before, use one of our detailed resume guides, or a free resume builder to help you get started.

A simple resume is about more than just layout. Why I A Police Essay. There should be simplicity in your phrasing too. This is the case for How to all resumes, but especially for one with a simple design. Don’t hide your impressive experience under flowery language or long sentences. State things simply so employers can easily learn about you. It may be tempting to add detail with more words, but wordiness will only make your resume look messy. Keep in mind that many job applications will also require a cover letter, where you can add more detail about your experience. It doesn’t all need to go on Why i want to be your resume. Use active verb forms and essay, short sentences or bullet points when describing things like skills or achievements. Find places to cut or reword. It’s okay to use sentence fragments in your bullet points.

Not only do these points make your resume look good, they also make it more likely that a prospective employer will read all of it. We have a variety of Why i want a police officer free simple resume examples to with homework in english, suit your needs, including chronological, functional, and want to be, combination resumes. Using what you’ve just learned in this guide, look through these templates and choose one that suits your current job search best. Sociology Essays On Education Gender. Then customize it to reflect what you have to offer as a unique job candidate. Good use of white space gives this professional resume template an Why i want to be officer essay open feel while subtle colours add design touch. Sociology Essays On Education Gender. Two main sections let you detail your experiences and education in Why i a police, a reverse chronological order. Size: 183 B Downloads: 103838 Filename: upfront.docx Uploaded: 2014-05-09 20:18:00 / 6327. Very compact and neat professional layout. Notice how the use of red text draws the great essay vocabulary list eye. Just the officer right amount in I need help science homework in english, the right places can be really helpful to the reader.

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Perfect resume example for want to be a police business, industrial, or vocational professionals. Size: 183 B Downloads: 34054 Filename: broad-appeal.docx Uploaded: 2014-05-09 20:48:00 / 6348. Labor, manufacturing, educational, and service industry skills template. Good use of gender inequality white space to catch the eye with blue section divider lines and large, bold section titles. Size: 183 B Downloads: 17070 Filename: commencing.docx Uploaded: 2014-05-09 22:42:00 / 6409. Just a bit of colour and creative use of indent make add a creative twist to this very traditional straight-forward design. Indented text helps the headings stand out. Size: 183 B Downloads: 16070 Filename: indent-line.docx Uploaded: 2014-05-06 17:22:00 / 5631. Excellent sample for those with lots of want officer skills and training and Write for you extended, maybe not a lot of experience. Bold headings with vertical divider lines and blue titles provide focus for the reader.

Size: 183 B Downloads: 15324 Filename: fresh-take.docx Uploaded: 2014-05-08 16:54:00 / 6092. Conventional, two-page layout with profile photo and red and blue fonts add design touch. Plus signs used for Why i want to be bullet points. Write For You Extended. Great for want to be officer technology, engineering, or financial career seekers. Size: 183 B Downloads: 14473 Filename: creative-conventions.docx Uploaded: 2014-05-08 15:32:00 / 6023. Two-page format with a two-column layout offers much space for multiple sections.

Light blue titles and dashed section lines add design touch. Give all of your details here. Size: 183 B Downloads: 13274 Filename: point-left.docx Uploaded: 2014-05-09 20:57:00 / 6354. Subtle red titles and Writing vocabulary list, block, sans serif fonts give this template a stately feel. Great use of Why i want a police officer white space complements paragraph descriptions of your experiences, strengths, and Sociology, objectives. Size: 183 B Downloads: 13088 Filename: stately.docx Uploaded: 2014-05-08 16:19:00 / 6065. Touches of Why i a police essay red shadings and gray background really draw in the reader#039;s focus. Plus signs used for bulleted lists with room for multiple sections. Size: 183 B Downloads: 12908 Filename: bold-red-shading.docx Uploaded: 2014-05-09 20:34:00 / 6345.

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Oversized captions for key words or job titles. Small profile photo with blue shaded section headers. Excellent use of space for intern experience, new graduates, and creative professionals. Size: 183 B Downloads: 3942 Filename: caption.docx Uploaded: 2014-05-08 18:00:00 / 6144. Want a different way to research analysis, distinguish your sub-headings from to be essay your headings? This layout shows how different shades of the same colour can do this. Size: 183 B Downloads: 3823 Filename: mono-shading.docx Uploaded: 2014-05-06 11:48:00 / 4986. Light blue titles, bold headings, and carat bullets with good use of white space in this basic resume template.

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Project managers, directors, and Write for you, senior VPs can do well with this example. Size: 183 B Downloads: 11563 Filename: top-level.docx Uploaded: 2014-05-08 16:42:00 / 6083. A compact resume format that draws the reader’s eye to Why i want to be a police, the important information across different sections. Size: 183 B Downloads: 10835 Filename: in-a-nutshell.docx Uploaded: 2015-10-10 08:21:00 / 8305. Two well-defined columns give this sample structure.

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2. The importance of animals during J.M. Why I Want A Police Officer Essay! Coetzee’s boyhood. Even though it is probably impossible to essay vocabulary list explain why Coetzee continuously uses animals in a metaphorical way, I think it would be unsatisfying to attribute this feature to pure chance. Two years before publishing “Disgrace” in 1999, Coetzee wrote “Boyhood: scenes from provincial life” [1] , his first autobiographical work. In “Boyhood” Coetzee tells the story of a police essay, his life, using the third person perspective. Later on he followed up on “Boyhood” with “Youth: Scenes from provincial life II”. Throughout “Boyhood” Coetzee emphasizes his relationship to his mother.

For him, she is a “rock”, a “stone column” in an otherwise frightening world where he has problems to fit in with his peers. His father is also portrayed as a failure, a weak character. He is an research, attorney whose drinking companions lead him to Why i want bankruptcy. Unable and unwilling to deal with his financial demise, his practice gets closed. His father pretends to search for a new job, but does nothing to get one, aside from throwing away bills that flush the family’s mailbox on a daily basis. The young J.M. Coetzee refers to him as “that man” (156), when he talks with his mother, as he is too full of hatred to research regression give his father a name.

Even though he often blames his mother for Why i to be officer turning him into Writing analysis “something unnatural, something that needs to be protected if it is continue to Why i to be a police essay live” (8) and even though he admits that he is often too close to his mother, he describes her love for him as blinding, overwhelming and self-sacrifying and doubts whether he will ever be able to “pay back all the love she pours out upon him”. Essay For You Extended! It is obvious that his parents’ marriage is a wreck, that his mother is despaired even long before the professional career of her husband comes to a disgraceful end and that, for the young Coetzee, there is no fear larger than the Why i to be a police officer fear of his mother stopping to love him (161). His mother often contrasts her current life with the life she lived before she was married; a life substantiated by photo albums. Interestingly, when her former life, a life she represents as a “continual round of parties and picnics, of Sociology inequality, week-end trips to Why i to be a police officer farms, of tennis and golf and walks with her dogs”, comes to an end after her husband appears in the photographs, the dogs disappear from the albums and Writing research, her life (48). Want To Be A Police Essay! Coetzee does not mention an end of the parties or tennis matches, but pins the accounting change in her life down to the immediate disappearance of dogs, which turns them into a symbol for want officer essay a life lost by How to start introduction paragraph history his mother. Want Officer Essay! On the same page she also tells young Coetzee about “Kim”, the off a best and to be a police officer essay, most faithful dog she ever had. She tells him that Kim, who must be a special memory of a special person for Coetzee, died after he ate poisoned meat farmers had put down for jackals. His mother tells him that Kim died in her arms, a memory that still manages to Writing research regression fill her eyes with tears when she tells her son about it. Kim was an Alsatian and when his mother decides one day that she wants a new dog, she tries to find a new Alsatian, fails in doing so and buys a pup half Doberman, “half something else” (50).

Young Coetzee gets the right to name the first dog thrust into want essay his life and accounting pdf weygandt, gives him the name “Cossack”. But Cossack does not live up to the memory of Kim and turns out to be a confused and undisciplined dog. Want A Police Essay! But even before Cossack has grown out, “he eats the ground glass someone has put out for regression him” and dies after suffering for three days. Young Coetzee and his mother try everything to safe the dog, whereas his father is not even mentioned in the context, and in the end Coetzee decides that he does not want his family to have another dog, not if “this is how they must die” (50). Coetzee also portrays his visits to a farm of his relatives on several occasions and claims that the love of the farm was the only love that could rival the love he felt for his mother (80). Why I Want To Be A Police! He fells that he belongs to the farm (96).

Coetzee feels close to the animals, for example when he approaches bees, which over the course of time have been burned out numerous times, he “would like the bees to recognize that he, when he visits, comes with clean hands, not to steal from them but to greet them, to pay his respect” (98). Managerial! Another paragraph deals with the slaughtering of sheep and young Coetzee thinks philosophically about sheep and want to be a police officer, their fate, which they seem to research accept without rebellion. He attributes a kind of resignation and foreknowledge to Why i want to be a police essay the sheep, as they “know it all (their fate), down to the finest detail, and yet they submit. They have calculated the price and are prepared to Write pay it – the price of being on Why i want a police earth, the price of being alive” (102). Taking into account that early childhood impressions help to Managerial accounting pdf weygandt shape ones character, I think that one can clearly trace the to be officer essay use of animals for various purposes in essay vocabulary list, Coetzee’s books back to his own experience. It is, of course, not possible to say why he used dogs or animals in any specific situation.

He might have consciously done so due to Why i want to be a police officer memories as described in “Boyhood” or he might have done so because it seemed an appropriate stylistic device that popped up in his head. But either way, I am convinced that he would not have done so without the childhood, or “boyhood”, he went through. The disgraceful deaths of dogs in “Disgrace [2] ” stand in line with the deaths of Kim and essays on education, Cossack and the philosophising about animals and want a police, their acceptance of their fate at the animal clinic as described for the dogs in analysis regression, “Disgrace (142)” can be compared to the author’s thoughts about sheep and their fate in “Boyhood”. When Petrus buys two sheep to slaughter for Why i want officer his party, it is the main character, David Lurie, who tries to ease their fate (Disgrace, 125), just as young Coetzee wanted to warn the How to off a introduction paragraph disappointingly indifferent sheep on his relative’s farm in “Boyhood”. 3. Why I A Police! Role and purpose of the dog in South Africa. In J.M. Off A History! Coetzee’s novel “Disgrace” dogs are a common metaphorical device used to to be officer essay illustrate the developments of several characters, but at the same time the purpose of the I need help with science homework dog itself is want to be a police, also quite symbolic. In “Disgrace”, dogs are generally owned by whites or are straying around. “The more dogs, the more deterrence” (60 [3] ) Lucy states when she shows her father, David Lurie, her small farm. David describes his daughter as a “sturdy young settler” (61) with a rather simple life (“Dogs and Writing great vocabulary, a gun; bread in to be a police essay, the oven and Write your for you extended, a crop in the earth” (60)), who earns her living from her kennels and from selling flowers and garden products (61). At the time when David arrives at to be officer essay, his daughter’s farm five solid pens have been erected, which are inhabited by dogs such as Dobermans, German Shepherds, ridgebacks, bullterriers and Rottweilers (61).

All these dogs are watchdogs: Dogs Lucy refers to as “working dogs on Writing research short contracts”. There is also the occasional pet in between, especially in the summer, but it is clear that Lucy earns most of Why i to be officer, her money with dogs that are predominantly used for the protection of Whites and their property against the dangers the Writing great essay vocabulary list new South Africa delivers. In another instance, Lucy describes dogs as “part of the furniture, part of the alarm system” (78), with further manifests the main purpose of a police, dogs in South Africa. In confrontations between the Luries and Blacks, dogs have two appearances in “Disgrace”. How To Start Paragraph History! When Lucy and David come home from a walk around her plantation (92), three men await them at her home. To Be A Police Officer Essay! It should have been a warning at Writing essay, this moment that one of the three, a boy, hisses at the dogs living in Lucy’s cages, but the two fail to sense the imminent danger. When Lucy releases the dog she had walked around her plantation into his cage, David interprets this as a “brave gesture; but is it wise?”, even though he still does not feel directly threatened by the strangers. When two of the men accompany Lucy into a police officer her house after claiming to science homework need her telephone for an important phone call, David stays outside with the bulldog he took for the walk and the boy who hissed at the caged dogs minutes ago. As soon as David realizes that something has gone terribly wrong inside, he lets go of the want to be a police essay bulldog’s leash and chases the dog after the boy, who defends himself with a stick while David tries to enter the Managerial house.

Later on the boy turns out to be Pollux, a relative of Lucy’s neighbour Petrus, who reappears in the storyline and once again clashes with David on page 206, when David chases the want a police same bulldog upon Pollux as he did before. The second encounter turns out essays, much worse for Pollux, who fails to defend himself and gets bitten by the raging dog. With the Why i want essay dog’s purpose being that of a protective device, it is possible to argue that the dog in itself stands more for regression the Whites than for Why i essay the Blacks in “Disgrace” or South Africa in general. Essay List! The dog therefore qualifies as a good device for the kind of character development Coetzee confronts the reader with. This can be seen especially well in the development of Petrus (6. Why I Want To Be A Police Officer! “The disgrace of Petrus”) and David (4. and 5. “The disgrace of David’s sex life / of David’s professional career”), as I will show further on. Historically, dogs have been introduced by the Europeans to South Africa, who brought them in for home and family protection [4] . Some good quotations illustrating the Managerial accounting dogs purpose in South Africa can be found on the homepage of (White) “Breeders of South African Boerboels”. The Boerboel, a dog who has been “bred and employed” in South Africa since 1652, has “traditionally been used for homestead defence, against intruders both two and four-legged”. Without a doubt, the homes defended by these and other dogs were or still are not those of the Blacks inhabiting South Africa and instead those of Whites such as Lucy or her even more careful neighbour Ettinger.

The latter one secures his property (or better: “fortress”) by bars, security gates, a perimeter fence (113) and never goes anywhere without his Berretta (100). Another proof for this reading of to be officer, dogs can be found in a statement by David, who, while digging graves for essays gender inequality Lucy’s dead dogs, states that dogs (in South Africa) are bred “to snarl at to be essay, the mere smell of a black man” (110). 4. The disgrace [5] of David’s sex life. David Lurie’s affair with a student, the 20 years old Melanie Isaacs, is anything but an “accident” for the main character, who thinks of himself as an for you extended, Byronic hero. His identification with the romantic poet Byron can be shown by quotations like “the end of rowing” (175) or thoughts the reader has direct access to, as on page 168, where David Lurie describes himself as “the man whose name is darkness”. In “Disgrace” there are numerous parallels between David Lurie and the romantic poet.

Both considered themselves irresistible at their prime and used to have women throw themselves at want to be essay, them [6] . For David, who has long moved past the sexual retirement age proposed by Byron, “it all ended one day” and “he became a ghost” (7). His idol, Byron, suffered from erotic confusion since his sexual instincts had been aroused at the age of nine [7] , when a nurse manipulated his body in various sexual experiments. Writing Regression! For Byron, a division line existed between love and sex and women he adored bored him the moment he had finally loved them (in the sense of “made love to them”). Essay! David Lurie states that he was never made for Sociology inequality marriages (69) and proves with two failed marriages and affairs throughout the a police officer essay novel that he is, at least concerning his ability to I need help with science homework hold up a relationship, as unable and confused as Byron was. Just as Byron only to be a police, felt real love for the woman with whom he shared a scandal, his sister Augusta who bore a child of essay vocabulary, him, David experiences a continuous fascination with Melanie, the female part of his scandal. Byron felt attached to Augusta through their scandal [8] and David feels a connection through Melanie’s and Why i want a police, his wrongdoings as well (28). When he talks about analysis, his sex life with Melanie Isaacs’ father, he justifies his actions by thinking that he is want to be officer essay, a “man of a certain kind” with “sudden little adventures” (166). Accounting! He does not see that statements like “In Melanie’s case, however, something unexpected happened. Want To Be Essay! I think of it as a fire. She struck up a fire in me” have no appropriate place in a conversation with a father whose trust in the university, “a nest of How to start introduction history, vipers”, has been shattered by to be the professor’s actions (38).

Throughout the essays gender novel, David Lurie meets harsh criticism for his affair, which fails to Why i a police officer essay reach him. Research Regression! Not surprisingly for the type of protagonist Coetzee created, if thoughts like “A child! No more than a child! What am I doing? Yet his heart lurches with desire” (20) occupy his mind? Other, rather questionable, insights into his attitudes are given throughout the a police novel, for example when he tells Melanie that “a woman’s beauty does not belong to her alone…she has a duty to share it.” (16). His ex-wife Rosalind questions whether he ever invested a minute’s thought into introduction paragraph the pleasure a girl must have in bed with an Why i a police essay, 52-year-old, an accusation he, the egocentric man “of a certain kind”, fails to respond to. Instead, the author uses the stream of consciousness technique to Write essay extended show his thoughts at that moment and to be essay, where remorseful thoughts should be found, one can only find that “perhaps it is the Managerial pdf weygandt right of the young to be protected from the Why i to be a police officer sight of their elders in the throes of passion. That is what whores are for, after all..” (44). Prostitutes are, after all, a frequent passion for David.

Young prostitutes, or whores as he refers to them, seem to inequality be especially attractive for his “adventures”. His “hero”, Byron, saw the age of thirty as “the barrier to any real or fierce delight in the passions”, (86) an age barrier David, “a servant of eros” (52), has crossed decades ago. To Be A Police Essay! Later on he concludes that he has never really lived up to Byron, when, after buying the services of a streetwalker “younger even than Melanie”, he discovers that he might simply lack the fire he believes Byron to have had (195). But even though he seems to understand that he is not as heroic as he would like to be, he finds happiness or satisfaction with the young girl from the street. Writing Great List! “So this is all it takes!, he thinks. How would I ever have forgotten it?” (194) is a statement completely in line with “it surprises him that ninety minutes a week of a woman’s company are enough to make him happy” (5), which can be found in the context of one of his frequent visits to a young prostitute who is described as “technically he is Why i want a police essay, old enough to be her father, but then, technically one can be a father at extended, twelve” (1). Rosalind, his ex-wife, states that his whole affair is Why i want essay, “disgraceful from beginning to end” (45), and we have to assume that she has no knowledge of her ex-husband’s numerous adventures that would qualify for the same verdict. There is, after all, not much grace involved in sex with ones own students in the bed of the I need with science own daughter (29), or more or less forced intercourse when he stops by Melanie’s house on an earlier occasion. To Be A Police Essay! Even though Melanie does not want him to Sociology essays on education gender come in, “nothing will stop him”. To Be Officer! She does not resist, but her “limbs crumple like a marionette’s” and David is well aware that he is close to the fine line between undesired intercourse and rape (25). The world of love is borderless for David, who even tries to trace down one of his favourite prostitutes with the help of an How to off a introduction history, detective agency, as, without a short-term substitute for Soroya, the “tall and want, slim (women/girl), with long black hair and liquid eyes” (1), the week is Write your extended, as “featureless as a desert” (11).

All in to be a police essay, all, one can conclude that David’s attitudes towards sex and its enormous importance are nothing but disgraceful and his explanations nothing short of the same. In front of the university’s committee, David is Sociology gender inequality, unwilling to want to be officer essay cooperate in order to save his professional career. Your Essay Extended! The committee wants him to apologize in public and to be a police officer essay, even goes as far as to offer a prepared statement, but unwilling to understand his wrongdoings, he states that he is not willing to issue an apology about which he is not sincere (58). In front of the campus media that awaits him afterwards, he even states that he “was enriched by the experience”, when a reporter asks him whether he had any regrets for his actions (56). David describes the reporters as “hunters who have cornered a strange beast” (56) and fills his self-assessment of a “strange beast” when he talks about his scandal with his daughter Lucy. She is the first person to really listen to the apology or justification he is willing to offer when he tells her that “his case rests on the rights of Writing research, desire. A Police Essay! On the god who makes even the How to start paragraph small birds quiver” (89).

J.M. Coetzee allows him to follow up on this first comparison between his desires and animals when he lets David tell Lucy about a dog their neighbours had in her youth. Want A Police Officer Essay! The neighbour’s dog would get excited and unmanageable every time a “bitch” was in the vicinity. Unable to live out its desires the list dog had no idea what to do and chased around the garden “with its ears flat and its tail between its legs, whinging, trying to hide”. He continues to tell his daughter that there was no way to punish the dog, whose story is symbolic for David’s current troubles, for Why i to be officer its desires. Consequently the Sociology on education gender dog started to develop a hate for himself, a hate that could even inflict self-punishment. The dog would not have preferred to be fixed (e.g. castration), instead it would have prepared to want be shot before it would have to deny its nature. David concludes that he sometimes feels the great same, and thus his role as the Why i a police officer essay “servant of research analysis regression, eros” stands in line with the instinctive desires the Why i want to be a police essay dog could not control (90). During a conversation with his ex-wife Rosalind, David himself states that he would prefer to be shot, “to be put against a wall and shot.

Have done with it” (66), instead of accepting the essay vocabulary list counselling. It is clear that David identifies with the dog he witnessed in the past and, just as the dog, has no understanding why he should suffer for Why i officer his instincts, which, in the presence of a woman, lead to the same desires as the dog’s when a bitch was in the vicinity. 5. The disgrace [9] of David’s professional career. Throughout the novel, David Lurie continuously dismantles his professional career. Whereas he was a professor of communications at Cape Technical University at the beginning, he winds up more or less unemployed and near the bottom of the help science in english social ladder. In addition to a police officer essay his fall from grace as a university professor, his ambitioned plans for Write essay for you his own chamber opera, “Byron in want essay, Italy” (4), seem to fail as well.

Even though David was well aware of the fact that his affair with Melanie Isaac could result in a scandal from on education inequality, its early beginnings onwards, he behaves surprisingly indifferent towards this risk throughout the Why i to be affair and asks himself if “it (the scandal) would even matter” (27). Great Essay Vocabulary List! His indifference allows him to Why i to be a police fulfil his role as a “servant of Writing vocabulary list, Eros” without any precautions that could save him. For example, “nothing will stop him” (25) when he visits Melanie at her own home for pleasures he correctly identifies as “not rape, not quite that, but undesired nevertheless” and is warned by her that her cousin will be back any second. He still escapes from to be a police, this situation, but soon finds himself visited by Melanie’s angry boyfriend at his office (30), who also interrupts his class afterwards. By then the scandal is out (31) and David starts to feel the pressure of the enraged community when Melanie’s father confronts him (38) or a pamphlet gets slipped under his office door during a Rape Awareness Week at university, bearing the research message “your days are over, Casanova” (43). A committee is set up to Why i officer essay investigate the whole scandal, and even though the committee sincerely wants to Writing essay help David, he decides not to give in and refuses to offer an Why i want to be a police officer essay, apology to the public (58). He even rejects a prepared draft statement the committee offers for this purpose (57), which clearly shows his stubbornness and makes it clear that no one is to blame for his professional fall from grace but he himself. Unwilling to deny his own desires, he sees no need to offer an essays on education inequality, apology or to accept counselling sessions, minimal demands the committee and thus the university confronts him with. After his disgraceful dismissal from university, he escapes to Why i essay his daughters smallholdings and for you, creates a situation where his finances are in Why i want to be a police officer essay, chaos, bills go unpaid and his credit is Managerial accounting, going to want to be a police officer dry up any day (175). On Education Gender Inequality! When he returns to Cape Town after three months, his house has been “visited”.

Even though most of his belongings are gone, he reacts once again rather indifferently and Why i want a police, considers it an How to off a, “incident in the great campaign of redistribution” (176). J.M. Coetzee places a badly smelling and long deceased pigeon as an animalistic symbol into David’s house in order to underline the state his life is in at this moment. Rosalind, his former wife, confronts him with the sad state of his life when she lists everything that seems to be wrong with David from society’s point of view. Why I Want A Police! He has lost his job, his name “is in Writing regression, the mud”, his friends avoid him, he hides out “like a tortoise afraid to stick its neck out of its shell” and he looks unkempt, so she says. He, probably well aware that her words are not far from the truth, dismisses her ramblings by stating that they both will end up in a hole in the ground, no matter what (189). The reader does not know if Rosalind’s predictions become reality, but with no secured income and want essay, his unpaid job at Write for you, an animal clinic run by Lucy’s friend Bev Shaw, David’s life seems on track for disaster.

He just wants to go on as long as possible, which can be seen when he buys a half-ton pickup from a friend of Bev Shaw’s husband near the end of the Why i to be officer novel. Write Essay For You! An eighth of the price he pays with an cheque for immediate use, the remaining sum he puts on a cheque post-dated to the end of the month (210). He spends money “like water”, but does not question this (211). He even indicates to want to be the landlady from whom he rents a room near the local hospital in Lucy’s vicinity that he might be in the area for cancer treatment (211), another trace the author left to indicate the blank future David faces. Instead of the university, where he, many years ago, enjoyed his existence as a professor of modern languages (3), it is the animal clinic that becomes his home at the end of the book. He spends his days on an old armchair in the bare compound behind the building, lives from canned food and feeds the animals when he does not read or doze (211). How To Start! He also refers to himself as a “dog man”, or “dog undertaker / psychopomp” (146), which is exactly the to be a police officer essay role Petrus (see 6. Research Regression! “The disgrace of Petrus”) emerges from in to be a police officer essay, the new South Africa. By attaching the label “dog man” first to the uprising Petrus and start off a introduction paragraph, then to to be officer the stumbling David Lurie, J.M. Help Homework! Coetzee illustrates perfectly how one can perceive the role reversal the past decade has brought about among the races in South Africa.

In this context it might also be quite reasonable to Why i want essay argue that the varying definitions of the role “dog man” indicate the changes South Africa is going through or has gone through. While Petrus, as Lucy’s servant, feeds the dogs and Writing list, takes care of them, David identifies with the role as “dog man” when he delivers the dead bodies into the incinerator, where they, a symbol of white oppression as I have shown in chapter 3. (“Role and Why i want to be officer essay, purpose of dogs in South Africa”), are burnt to How to introduction ashes. Dogs also serve as a symbol to show how David’s ambitions to write a successful chamber opera fail. His writing career has been mediocre at best, with three published books that failed to want officer essay “cause a stir or even a ripple” (4). Despite this record, he invests a lot of energy into his next work. When “Disgrace” draws to a conclusion, he spends the days in the backyard of the animal clinic, where his work “consumes him night and day” (214). Even though he invests a lot of energy into it, he realizes that in help with science homework, truth his work is going nowhere and that his resources, especially his musical resources, are not up to the task he has set for himself. He knows that he will never hear a note of want a police essay, his play, if it is Writing research, ever finished, himself, but somehow speculates that he might become well-known after his death. He seems to be deceiving himself, as the only being that pays any attention to his work is one of the dogs which surround him, awaiting their deaths in the holding pens (214). This dog is handicapped and has a withered left hindquarter, which he drags behind. David feels a particular fondness for the dog and the dog is fascinated by the sound of the Banjo whenever David strums the strings in order to search the music his opera is longing for (215).

The dogs “admiration” lets David ponder whether he could include a dog into his opera, a work that will never be performed and in Why i want a police officer essay, whose production therefore everything is allowed (215). I Need Help! But the handicapped dog’s days are numbered, as there is no hope that he will be adopted. A Police! His life depends on David’s and Bev’s decisions, as they decide which dogs to put to death during the Sunday killing sessions, also referred to for you extended as “Lsung” by a police the author, at the animal welfare clinic. With Science Homework! When David decides that “a (his, the dog’s) time must come, it cannot be evaded” and Why i want a police, carries the young dog, “the one who likes music” (219), to the deadly needle, Bev is surprised that David is willing to part from the dog. She asks him whether he did not want to save him for another week, but in the last sentence of the novel David states that he is “giving him up”, after he carried him to pdf weygandt the surgery “bearing him in his arms like a lamb” (220). Why I To Be! The strong symbolism of animals in this context is evident when one concludes that David’s ambitious plans have first gone to the dogs (or, in this case, to the handicapped dog) and then the dog, the only character in off a, the whole novel who gave any sort of positive feedback to his chamber opera, is sacrificed. David, the once respected professor, has turned into Why i want to be officer “a mad old man who sits among the dogs singing to Write essay himself”, as he describes himself. With the downfall of his subjectively important sexual attractiveness to women he does not pay for their service, the sacrification of want, his only fan, the your essay for you dog, and the financial disaster that awaits him any time soon it is clear that there is no hope left for David. Why I Want To Be Officer! There seems to be a high probability that David ends up as Rosalind, his former wife, predicted when she states that David will end up “as one of those sad old men who poke around in Writing regression, rubbish bins” (189). The only hope for to be officer essay David might be that Rosalind offers a cooked meal “when you (David) are tired of bread and jam” (190), a tiny consolation considering the otherwise hopeless outlook for David’s life. 6. The disgrace [10] of Petrus.

When Petrus, the Black main character of J.M. Pdf Weygandt! Coetzee's novel, is introduced, the reader learns that he serves as Lucy's assistant (62). Why I Want Officer Essay! Lucy also mentions that Petrus has recently become her co-proprietor, and throughout the novel Petrus gains more and more control of her (and eventually their) property before he finally owns the whole farm at the book's conclusion. At first sight Petrus might be the prototypical or even idealistic Black emerging from oppression after the end of South Africa's era of Apartheid in 1994, but further analysis disturbs his emergence. In order to illustrate the positive development Petrus undergoes, Coetzee portrays him as the Managerial accounting pdf weygandt gardener and the dog-man during his first conversation with David, who had just arrived at his daughters farm after fleeing from his scandal in Cape Town (64). Without a doubt, the description of his purpose or role at want to be essay, this time signals inferiority, as he is I need with homework, nothing more than an assistant taking care of want officer, dogs and flowers, with the dogs also being connected to their traditional purpose of the protection of I need help with homework in english, Whites.

Petrus lives in an old stable on Lucy's five-hectare farm, which is want to be essay, located at the end of a winding dirt track some miles outside the Writing analysis town. The farm itself is described as a rather small, but nevertheless valuable, smallholding, with most of the Why i want to be a police property being arable, a wind-pump, stables and Sociology essays on education, outbuildings (59). When David arrives at her farm, Petrus already owns a small patch of Why i want to be a police officer, land, but continuously increases his property. Once Petrus, who was suspiciously absent at the time of the Managerial crime, returns, he brings with him a load of Why i want officer essay, building materials for a bigger house. Lucy describes him as his own master (114) and Managerial accounting pdf weygandt, shortly after Petrus holds a party, as his land transfer goes through officially on Why i want the first of the Sociology essays gender next month (124). David and his daughter make their appearance on Petrus' big day (128) and are the only Whites to attend. Petrus does not play the eager host and does not offer his White neighbours a drink. Want A Police Officer! Instead, he declares that he has finished his life as a dog man.

Lucy does not realize the magnitude of his honest statement and interprets it as a joke (129), but it soon becomes perfectly clear that Petrus' days as an assistant have come to an end. By freeing himself of the role he titled as the dog man, Petrus clearly climbs up on the social ladder and becomes what a Black could not become under the I need science in english strict Apartheid regime: an independent farmer with his own arable lands. The shift of power, as illustrated by David becoming a dog man as shown before, is just as obvious when David helps Petrus laying pipes after the party. Petrus does not need any professional advice from Why i want to be a police, David, but merely needs him as a handlanger, a word that indicates that the inferior role has gradually shifted to introduction history David (136). David realizes that Lucy does not stand a chance against the new Black farmer living next door, who works his property very unlike Africa (151), which means that he uses modern equipment and finishes work that would have taken him days with a hand-plough and oxen ten years ago (151) in nothing more than a few hours. David ponders whether it would not be better for Lucy to officer temporarily leave the farm, but when he asks Petrus if it would be possible for him to look after her. belongings for the time of her absence, the former assistant declares that it would be too much, too much in addition to the work in need to be done on his own property (153). At first sight this whole development, illustrated by the terms dog-man and dog man no more seems rather positive on Petrus’ behalf and can be seen as a sign for Sociology on education gender inequality the improving living standards and life-opportunities of Why i want to be, Blacks in the new South Africa, but as I will show now his emergence is nothing but another disgrace.

The day the three intruders and rapists choose to I need science in english commit their crime, the attempted murder of David, the gang rape of Lucy, the killing of her dogs and the stealing of David’s car, Petrus is suspiciously absent. Ettinger, Lucy’s well protected neighbour, is the first to remark “darkly” that it is impossible to trust a single Black person (109), and when Petrus finally returns with the materials for his new home and two sheep to slaughter for a tastelessly scheduled party (113), David finds it odd that he does not report back to Lucy. When David confronts Petrus, he instantly comforts David by telling him that they (he and Lucy) “are all right now”, which further indicates that Petrus might somehow be involved in the whole incident. He also states that the crime, of to be a police officer, which he seems to know, was a “very bad, a very bad thing”, but fails to ask how Lucy is start introduction history, or to show any kind of emotion that would indicate something resembling a shock (114). David ponders whether Petrus knew who the strangers were or even knew in advance what they were planning (116). He mulls that the old times, when one could have simply sent him packing, are gone and that Petrus is to be a police, well aware of the new rules live in South Africa is being governed by I need science in english (117), rules that have lifted the former peasant up to the status of an equal neighbour. In his thoughts, David accuses Petrus of “being a plotter and a schemer and no doubt a liar too”, and identifies what seems to be Petrus’ aim in the longer run: to take over Lucy’s land. He knows that Petrus has a vision of his future, in which there is no space for Davids or Lucies, and Why i want a police, subsequently cannot hold back the Managerial thought that Petrus even engaged the Why i want strange men to “teach Lucy a lesson” (118). Working together with Petrus following his return to the farm, David feels close to a rage when he cannot manage to start paragraph extract any sort of emotional expression from Petrus.

David tries to Why i a police essay verbally manoeuvre Petrus into a corner when he asks how strangers to Write your essay for you the area could have known about Lucy, but Petrus decides to remain silent and continue his work (119). David’s darkest vision (118), the vision of a Petrus well informed and possibly highly involved into the crime that threw Lucy’s life off balance, seems to become reality when one of the three rapists, the want officer essay youngest one, appears at Petrus’ party; a party where Petrus also considers Lucy their “benefactor” (129), which seems to be a rather strange term to describe a neighbour and employer. During a later conversation between Petrus and David, Petrus declines to identify the Write essay extended boy whom David wants to want to be a police officer essay turn over to the police. Petrus says that the boy is Writing analysis regression, too young to go to jail and even though David wants to know how Petrus can know, Petrus decides to end the conversation as an Why i want a police, earlier one by stating that Lucy, from now in, is safe. David becomes more aggressive and almost accuses Petrus, who seems to be the key to for you the kind of justice David is hoping for.

By keeping his information about the boy’s whereabouts his secret, there is no cooperation for the solving of the criminal case, which does not even seem to exist for Petrus (139). The true motives of want to be, Petrus become clear near the conclusion of the book. I Need Help With In English! Even though it is not revealed whether Petrus really played a role in the original planning of the crime, Lucy tells David that the boy, whose name is Pollux, has moved in with Petrus. David is furious about the want officer essay blunt and gender, offensive behaviour of Petrus, who confides that Pollux is a relative, a relative he, Petrus, as part of the family, his family, has to Why i to be a police essay look after (201). For Petrus the matter of the crime is finished or ought to be taken care of by the insurance company in the case of the stolen car. But Petrus does not stop his offensive and even disgusting behaviour with the How to history protection of Pollux, he even wants him to marry Lucy once he has grown up (202). Until then, Petrus himself wants to become Lucy’s wife as part of a deal that would see her property being transferred to him in exchange for her safety (203). David is shocked by Why i to be a police officer essay Petrus’ disgraceful plan, a plan that might have involved the original crime in regression, the first place or, if not, has been carefully constructed on the opportunities offered by a police it. It becomes clear that Petrus aims to increase his property without any respect to dignity or even laws and Writing, that the new South Africa is Why i want to be a police officer, a playground well suited for his even criminal scheming and blackmailing. As I mentioned before, Petrus, at first look, is a man who has made it in Managerial pdf weygandt, the new South Africa, but upon further analysis it is quiet obvious that the way he has made it only qualifies for one verdict.

A disgrace. 7. The disgrace [11] of Lucy. Lucy, David Lurie's daughter, decided to move into a commune on the Eastern Cape years ago. Why I To Be Officer! The commune's home was the farm Lucy, the only remaining member, still inhabites. Her commune was a tribe of your, young people who sold self-made products on a nearby market in Why i to be essay, order to accounting support themselves and eventually grew dagga, as David puts it. He himself helped her to buy the farm when their commune broke apart and want to be officer essay, she convinced him that she had truly fallen in love with the place, which she wanted to essays on education gender farm properly. A dream she seems to have realized when David arrives at to be a police officer essay, her smallholding, his refuge, far away from the city and his career-threatening scandal (60). For a while, a friend called Helen remained on the farm with Lucy, but obviously departed for good months ago (61).

Helen and Lucy probably not only shared the work on the farm, but were in love as well, a detail of her live David did not know about before his prolonged visit and which he, to a certain degree, disagrees with, even though the subject is never raised between him and his daughter (86), the sturdy young settler (61). She, also desribed as a frontier farmer of the new breed, a solid women, or a daughter no father has to be ashamed of (62), has big plans for her small farm. She has already expanded her business quite successfully and has added a large number of boarding kettels for How to paragraph history dogs since his last visit, which was about a year ago. A Police Officer Essay! In addition, she wants to branch into cats (61) and Writing great essay, makes good money at the local market, where she sells flowers, potatoes, onions and cabbage (70) every Saturday morning. Want A Police Officer Essay! She knows many of her customers personally (72) and has made friends like Bev and Bill Shaw, who run the local animal welfare clinic (74). David does not try to hide his initial disapproval of people like the Shaw's and I need help with homework, when Lucy responds to his ramblings, she underlines the Why i to be a police officer essay importance of the animal welfare clinic by pointing out that she would not want to come back in another existence as a dog or a pig and have to live as dogs or pigs live under us. Essay! This statement, uttered at a time when one could easily conclude that Lucy is living her perfect live, can be used to illustrate her deep fall, as she ends up as a dog at the book's conclusion. Yes, like a dog, is her powerful response to want a police officer David's challenging question if she truly wants to live a disgraceful life like a dog under the Writing regression conditions the plot has forced upon her. It is Why i want essay, symbolic that the author connects her new existence, which has nothing to do with the near-perfect live of a sturdy young settler, with that of a dog, as all other character developments, as I have shown before, resolve around the How to start off a paragraph history term dog as well.

But how does Lucy’s life turn into that of want officer essay, a dog, “with nothing. Not with nothing but” (205)? At the time of Sociology essays, David’s arrival at her farm everything is still perfect, as stated above. Want A Police Officer! Then, on Sociology gender inequality a Wednesday morning, Lucy and officer, David go for a walk with some of her dogs and meet three strangers at the farm when they return. Managerial Pdf Weygandt! The three claim to need her telephone for an emergency call (92). Lucy, sceptical but willing to help, allows one of the three to come into her home, but as soon as another of the three pushes in right after her, David feels that something is terribly wrong (93). He sets his dog on the remaining person, a boy, and forces himself into her house, where he gets knocked out immediately (94) and want, awakens in the locked lavatory. Yelling his daughter’s name, he annoys the Write for you extended intruders, who take their time to shoot Lucy’s dogs with her own rifle, one after another. Afterwards, they try to burn David alive (96), but fail to do so.

However, while David was knocked out and locked into the lavatory the worst crime of all was committed, the gang-rape of Lucy. The crime, committed by the three who used her “like dogs in a pack” (159), crushes Lucy’s confidence and happiness. Lucy is essay, terribly scared that the three will come back for vocabulary her, as she thinks that she is now in their territory (158), a term semantically related to dogs, but also does not want to leave her farm. Surprisingly, she does not even report the rape to the police when two policemen come to visit (108), and her relationship to her father worsens continuously. David cannot understand why Lucy did and still does not want to lay real charges against the intruders and shows no interest in Why i to be, pressing Petrus for answers concerning his probable involvement (133). Write For You Extended! Lucy probably realizes that David is quite right when he states that there is Why i want to be officer, no future for Write essay for you her alone on the farm, but there seem to be no other options for her than the decision to hold on to the life that fulfilled her before the want officer crime turned her life upside down. But despite her decision to hold on, she looses her aims and merely drifts along.

The crime, which has “put her in great, her place” and “showed her what a woman was for” (115), has drained her of all of her energy and when it is time to go to the market again, David and Petrus go alone in week one, before nobody opens the want a police officer essay stall the following week (127). David knows that his daughter is not the confident young woman she was before, but for her sake he tries to research uphold a fragment of her former existence and runs the shop for her (115). The next shock hits Lucy when one of the three rapists appears at a party Petrus holds in order to celebrate his land transfer. David presses her to call the police, but Lucy has long lost her self-respect and decides against want a police, it (134), knowing fully well that by doing so she accepts the existence of one of her perpetrators next door. David realizes that Lucy has been outplayed on research analysis regression all fronts (151), but she seems to accept her defeat without second-guesses. Things become even more depressing when David returns to Why i to be a police officer Lucy’s farm after a short stay in Cape Town. She confesses that she became pregnant when the intruders raped her and plans to have the baby. He is deeply shocked, but becomes even more so when she adds that the boy, the youngest of the three intruders, has moved in Managerial, with Petrus. David sees how ridiculous his daughter’s situation has become, but his lamentations do not reach her.

Totally upset, David confronts Petrus, who uses this conversation to propose to Lucy. Want A Police Officer! Even though the proposed marriage is Sociology inequality, nothing else than an attempt of blackmail, Lucy is willing to play Petrus’ game. Why I! At this time, she has lost all dignity and the reader has to question her sanity. There is no plausible way to understand her decisions ever since the day of the rape and David, too, is deeply frustrated by the humiliation his daughter appears to Managerial pdf weygandt be willing to accept. For David, the only comparison available for the state of her life is Why i to be a police officer, that of a dog and when he confronts her with this thought she agrees that this is what her life has become. There seems to be a remote chance for a better future as Lucy interprets her situation as a good point to regression start from again (205), but quite honestly I cannot follow her thoughts and even hopes at this stage of her life. It might be possible to argue that things have reached a point where the only direction is Why i officer, up, but other than her unborn child, the product of her brutal rape, there is nothing I could imagine her to live for in her current surroundings. Interestingly, there seem to be clear parallels between the Write essay acceptance of Why i to be officer, her faith and pdf weygandt, the behaviour of sheep J.M.

Coetzee has described in his childhood memoir “Boyhood” [12] . In a chapter about Why i want a police essay, a visit to his relative’s farm, he describes the Write essay for you slaughtering of sheep he had to witness as a child. The following statement, taken from Boyhood in this context, could have been equally well uttered by Lucy “They know it all, down to the finest detail, and yet they submit. They have calculated the Why i want to be a police price and are prepared to Managerial accounting pdf weygandt pay it – the price of being on earth, the price of being alive”. 8. South Africa today: A rainbow nation? “The South Africa we have struggled for, in which all our people, be they African, Coloured, Indian or White, regard themselves as citizens of one nation is at hand” “In honouring those who fought to see this day arrive, we honour the best sons and Why i want officer essay, daughters of all people. We can count amongst them Africans, Coloureds, Whites, Indians, Muslims, Christians, Hindus, Jews – all of them united by a common vision of a better life for the people of this country.” [13] When J.M. Coetzee published “Disgrace” in 1999, five years had passed since Nelson Mandela had come to power in South Africa, after spending 27 years in prison for his dream of off a introduction, a united South Africa, a country without any kind of racial domination. Nelson Mandela, and probably the whole population of South Africa, believed in a better future when the Why i to be officer era of Apartheid came to Managerial accounting an end. Ever since the want a police National Party had started to put in place an increasingly repressive framework of Writing research regression, laws to ensure the White domination in 1948, living conditions for Blacks and Coloureds worsened [14] . Examples for acts carried out to be essay, could be the Immorality Act of 1950, which banned sexual relations between people from different ethnic groups, the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949), the Bantu Education Act, which severely worsened the Write your for you educational opportunities for Blacks (1953), the Natives Resettlement Act (1954), which enabled the Why i want to be officer essay government to forcibly resettle Blacks or many others [15] . Managerial Accounting! Taking into Why i want to be a police officer essay account the unimaginable hardships Blacks or Coloureds had to Write essay face, it has to be considered a miracle that the end of Apartheid came as peacefully as it did.

Even though a massive bloodbath had been predicted by want to be many, the actual transformation of power took place as well as one could have hoped [16] . But what has become of the hopeful nation the start introduction paragraph world watched in astonishment about a decade ago? Has South Africa become the rainbow nation Nelson Mandela dreamed about, has the population been able to become the non-racial society everybody hoped for? Actually, the answer has to be “no, but…”. Considering the vast inequality in South Africa just a decade ago, it would be impossible to Why i want officer essay expect a complete overhaul over the course of a few years. Writing Research Analysis! South Africa might be facing enormous problems and the new government might have committed inexcusable mistakes, especially concerning the HIV epidemic, but all in all, one should be satisfied with the way things have developed. It is obvious that the poverty-stricken majority is not deeply satisfied with the results so far, but nevertheless, clean water has been brought to Why i to be a police officer essay nine million people, electricity to accounting pdf weygandt two million, telephones to one and a half million and the literacy rate of 15 to 24 year olds to Why i a police officer essay 95% [17] . If one just thinks about the reunification of Germany and the still unfinished task of Write your essay extended, levelling the standards of living in both parts of the country, it becomes obvious that South Africa’s task cannot be near its conclusion after one decade, and therefore the answer “no, but…” is still closer related to a miracle than to a failure. The HIV epidemic in South Africa, probably the country’s main problem, has even been labelled “An African Holocaust” by some analysts [18] , and Why i a police officer essay, with more than 10% of its population infected with the deadly virus, the comparison seems plausible. How To Start Off A Introduction! Between 1990 and 1995, when the epidemic came into full swing, the Why i want to be officer old regime and the ANC were too preoccupied with their negotiations regarding a new political order and I need with homework in english, after the transfer of power the ANC more or less went into a denial mode.

It did not help that Thabo Mbeki, Nelson Mandela’s successor, felt attracted by AIDS dissidents, people who believe that there is no connection between HIV and AIDS and blame AIDS on malnutrition or poverty, but not on to be officer essay sexual activities. In 2002, the government changed its deadly course, but of course for many the change happened too late and it is estimated that by 2010 six million South Africans will have died of the disease. It is obvious that David Lurie is scared that his daughter has been infected with HIV during her rape (105), even more so when his daughter tells him that she thinks of the three as frequent rapists (158). He continuously asks her whether she has taken care of all eventualities and she lies to him numerous times (125), as the reader finds out How to start paragraph history, near the book’s conclusion (198), even though an Why i want, HIV-tests seems to have been taken. Crime, another huge problem scaring off foreign investors and Writing essay list, driving the current “brain drain”, is the second main problem the country has to face [19] . Crimes are also a common occurrence in “Disgrace”, not only regarding the incident at Lucy’s farm. When David re-enters Cape Town after his first visit to Lucy, his house has been “visited” (176). The burglary does not even come as a surprise to David, as he knows that his house has stood empty for months. From this, the reader can assume that one cannot expect to leave ones house for a prolonged time without provoking a burglary in the process. David describes the break-in as “another incident in Why i want to be a police essay, the great campaign of redistribution” (176), no surprise in a country where unemployment is rising and close to 40% [20] and the wealth gap between Whites and the vast majority of Blacks is Sociology essays on education, still painfully wide [21] . Then there is also Ettinger, Lucy’s neighbour who has turned his farm into a small fortress, for whom David predicts a future with a “bullet in his back”, which further illustrates what a dangerous country South Africa is (204). Additionally, the police force seems unfit to handle the Why i want to be officer essay task at hand, as one can show by the number of reported and prosecuted rape incidents.

Between 1988 and 1996 the number of reported rape cases increased by Managerial pdf weygandt more than 160%, but at the same time the want a police number of cases which went to court fell by 28% and less than a third of these prosecutions were successful [22] . In 2002 for essays on education example, 24,892 rape cases were reported and Why i, only 1,797 resulted in successful convictions [23] . The failures of the South African police are obvious in “Disgrace”. When the police comes to Lucy’s farm, they miss important evidence (109), and when the police informs David that his stolen car has been retrieved (153), they have not only your essay for you, left the suspects out of custody before David has a chance to Why i want identify them, but have also mixed up his case with another, as the help science in english retrieved car is not his. Lucy knows that there is no hope that the police would catch the want a police essay intruders in its current state and by this gives a first hint why she might not have reported the crime in the first place. Earlier in Write your essay for you extended, the plot she stated, concerning her rape, that “in another time, in another place it might be held to officer be a public matter. But in this place, at this time, it is not”, which might illustrate her resignation (112). By turning Lucy into the victim of a rape, J.M. Science! Coetzee also points a finger at the result of the bad policing in South Africa, where, taken into account the numbers stated above, rapists can be almost sure to escape without being convicted. Even though BBC News might have exaggerated a bit in Why i want to be a police officer essay, an article concerning rapes in off a paragraph, South Africa, the message behind the want to be officer statement “It is a fact that a woman born in South Africa has a greater chance of being raped, than learning how to read” is off a paragraph history, quiet clear [24] . With the to be a police essay low number of cases actually brought to court, sexual violence is booming, with a 400% increase in sexual violence against children over the past decade. In line with such numbers, Lucy might be quite right when she assumes that her perpetrators are “rapists first and foremost” (158), who use their victims like “dogs in a pack” (159). J.M. Coetzee also attributes the crimes to a failure of Mandela’s plan of a “rainbow nation [25] ”, as all crimes involve Blacks as criminals and Whites as victims.

The burglary of his house is Write extended, part of the redistribution (176), which clearly puts the blame on Blacks and the rapists are Black, too. But there are other hints of a failure of the rainbow ideology. When David spies on Pollux, one of the three intruders, at Petrus’ party, he “lifts a hand to his white skullcap. For the Why i first time he is glad to have it, to wear it as his own” (135) and clearly puts himself apart by these thoughts. Sociology On Education Gender Inequality! But not only Why i to be, David thinks in terms such as “we” and “them”, as Petrus justifies his taking care of Pollux by stating that Pollux is part of great vocabulary, his family, his people (201).

In “Disgrace”, there is no united nation to be found. For Petrus, the idea of protecting his family and his people stands above the law and Why i to be, thus above a law-system the Whites, or Westerners, have imported to South Africa. Petrus does not even try to Writing research analysis regression understand the want to be a police officer essay way a Western society works, as we can see in statements uttered by him concerning the crime. The stolen car will be replaced by the insurance company, Petrus states, who does not mind to leave it to insurance companies to How to off a introduction deliver justice or to make up for injustice (137). Also, even though he probably knows fully well at this stage of the book which members of “his family” were involved in the incident, he states that it is his job to Why i want essay keep the peace and that “we can leave it to the police to investigate and bring him (Pollux, the boy) and his friends to justice” (137). Of course, he probably knows that the police does not stand a chance without any cooperation from the public, but this does not matter to him as he probably rejects the whole concept of the police in the first place. There are even more events that illustrate the off a introduction paragraph history incompatibility of cultures in to be officer, South Africa. Regression! When Petrus buys two sheep to slaughter for his party, he does not care about their treatment at all. Bleating monotonously, the sheep are kept on a bare patch of ground next to Petrus’ stable, even though they could have been placed on a patch of a police officer, grass as well (123). Pdf Weygandt! David, who feels sorry for the animals, moves them to a nearby dam where they can graze, but Petrus moves them back to the miserable patch of land where he had put them before (125). In this context, a passage from J.M.

Coetzee’s “Elizabeth Costello” [26] can be used to underline the cultural conflict at hand. During a debate in “Elizabeth Costello”, the protagonist discusses the issue of the animal-rights movement, a movement that also stands in line with the Animal Welfare League, run by Bev Shaw (80). The animal-rights movement becomes clearly associated with the human-rights movement and thus gets identified as an offspring of the Western culture. Want To Be A Police! Blind to other traditions, the Western societies try to impose their ideology on other cultures and force justified resistance, the reader gets to know during the debate taking place in “Elizabeth Costello”. Considering this, there seems to be a clash of cultures on hand when it comes to the treatment of Petrus’ sheep. I think it could be justifiable to conclude that J.M. Sociology Gender! Coetzee’s main aim in “Disgrace” was to show the disgraceful state the South Africa of 1999 was, or probably still is, in.

All characters, as I have illustrated in detail before, are part of the general disgrace, and to be a police essay, animals, especially dogs, serve as symbols to illustrate this. Petrus, the former dog man, becomes “not any more the research regression dog man”, but does so in a disgraceful manner and only after Lucy, his (or their) “benefactor” (129), has been raped by to be a police officer essay people Petrus protects and science in english, who committed their crime like “dogs in Why i to be, a pack” (159). Sociology Essays On Education! David’s career comes to officer a sudden end after an affair with one of his students. He moves out of Cape Town and start off a paragraph history, becomes the “dog-man” Petrus no longer is (146), with the only difference between the two being the to be officer fact that Petrus took care of living dogs, symbols of Black oppression, while it has become David’s job to handle the remains of start introduction paragraph, dogs put to want a police officer the needle at the Anima Welfare Clinic, a symbol of Writing essay vocabulary, Western ideology. In a sense, David is carrying a symbol of the former South Africa to it’s grave, but at the same time there is no new South Africa fulfilling the high hopes of its inhabitants.

His aims to write a chamber opera go to the dogs as well, as nobody but a crippled dog ever listens to the tunes of his work (215). Lucy, his daughter, is the victim of Petrus’ disgraceful upswing and consequently ends up with an existence that David compares with that of a dog, without property, rights or dignity (205). She knows that there is no hope for justice in the country she is living in, her dreams of running her farm properly have been crushed by to be officer essay the fact that in the end the farm does not even belong to her anymore (205), and I need homework in english, the only hope in a life that might even see her marry her former servant Petrus or his relative, one of the three intruders, Pollux (201), is her yet unborn child. For the future of South Africa, I can only hope that J.M. Coetzee exaggerated in to be, “Disgrace”. If “Disgrace” was truly a mirror of Writing research analysis regression, today’s South Africa, I would identify it as a country heading for disaster. Want A Police Essay! To a certain degree this might even be the case. The “brain drain” has to accounting pdf weygandt be stopped, huge tasks at hand such as HIV/AIDS and the high crime rate have to be dealt with in an appropriate way and the education system has to provide the Why i to be a police officer essay country with well-educated generations, who know and accounting pdf weygandt, value the benefits of a democratic society, regulated by laws with higher values than family ties or ethnic belongings. Want To Be A Police Officer! Even though I cannot comment on analysis the nation’s chances to Why i want to be officer essay head into a future filled with grace, I can state that J.M. Coetzee’s novel “Disgrace” is a great work of writing, highlighting everything that seems to be wrong, or disgraceful about South Africa at the current time. 1) Buckley, Richard (ed), 1995, Understanding Global Issues 95/5: South Africa: After.

Apartheid , European Schoolbooks Publishing Ltd, Cheltenham. 2) Coetzee, J.M., 1997: Boyhood: Scenes from help science, Provincial Life , Great Britain, Vintage Books. 3) Coetzee, J.M., 1999, Disgrace , Great Britain, Vintage. 4) Coetzee, J.M., 2003, Elizabeth Costello: Eight Lessons , Secker Warburg, London. 5) Dempster, Carolyn, April 9, 2002, Rape –silent war on SA women , BBC News, 6) Grabanier, Bernard, 1970, The Uninhibited Byron: An Account of His Sexual Confusion , London, Peter Owen Limite. 7) Horny, A.S., 2001, Oxford Advanced Lerner’s Dictionary of Current English , Sixth.

Edition, Oxford University Press. 8) Iduna, Ann, History and Today: Boerboels in South Africa, 9) Mandela, Neslon, 9 May 1994, Address to the people of Cape Town , Grand Parade, on. the occasion of his inauguration as state president, Cape Town, The Department of. Information and Publicity, P.O. Box 61884, Marshalltown 2107, Johannesburg. 10) Mutune, Gumisai, May 12, 1998 , Development-South Africa: Crime Down, But Not Out , World News: Inter Press Service, Johannesburg, , 11) Sparks, Allister, 2003, Beyond the Miracle: Inside the Why i want New South Africa , Profile Books, [1] Coetzee, J.M., 1997: Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial Life , Great Britain, Vintage Books, all page references in Managerial accounting pdf weygandt, this chapter, unless marked otherwise, have been taken from this work. [2] Coetzee, J.M., 1999, Disgrace , Great Britain, Vintage.

[3] Coetzee, J.M., 1999, Disgrace , Great Britain, Vintage, unless other information is given, all further page references have been taken from to be, this novel. [5] dis-grace, noun, (1) the loss of other people’s respect and approval because of the bad way sb has behaved; Horny, A.S., 2001, Oxford Advanced Lerner’s Dictionary of your essay for you extended, Current English , Sixth Edition, Oxford University Press, page 359. [6] Grabanier, Bernard, 1970, The Uninhibited Byron: An Account of His Sexual Confusion , London, Peter Owen Limited, p. Why I To Be A Police Essay! 14. [8] see above p. 160. [9] dis-grace, noun, (1) the loss of other people’s respect and approval because of the bad way sb has behaved; Horny, A.S., 2001, Oxford Advanced Lerner’s Dictionary of Current English , Sixth Edition, Oxford University Press, page 359. [10] dis-grace, noun, (2) a person or thing that is so bad that people connected with them or it feel or should feel ashamed; Horny, A.S., 2001, Oxford Advanced Lerner’s Dictionary of Sociology essays on education gender, Current English , Sixth Edition, Oxford University Press, page 359. [11] dis-grace, verb, (2) (be disgraced), to lose the respect of people, usually so that you lose a position of power ; Horny, A.S., 2001, Oxford Advanced Lerner’s Dictionary of Current English , Sixth Edition, Oxford University Press, page 359. [12] Coetzee, J.M., 1997: Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial Life , Great Britain, Vintage Books, page 102. [13] Mandela, Neslon, Address to the people of Cape Town , Grand Parade, on the occasion of his inauguration as state president, Cape Town, 9 May 1994, The Department of Information and Publicity, P.O. Box 61884, Marshalltown 2107, Johannesburg. [14] Buckley, Richard (ed), 1995, Understanding Global Issues 95/5: South Africa: After Apartheid , European Schoolbooks Publishing Ltd, Cheltenham, page 5.

[15] Buckley, Richard (ed), 1995, Understanding Global Issues 95/5: South Africa: After Apartheid , European Schoolbooks Publishing Ltd, Cheltenham, page 4. [16] Sparks, Allister, 2003, Beyond the Why i want Miracle: Inside the New South Africa , Profile Books, London, pp 3-9. [18] Sparks, Allister, 2003, Beyond the Miracle: Inside the New South Africa , Profile Books, London, chapter 14. [19] Sparks, Allister, 2003, Beyond the essays on education Miracle: Inside the New South Africa , Profile Books, London, chapter 11, pp 220-234. [20] Mutune, Gumisai, May 12, 1998 , Development-South Africa: Crime Down, But Not Out , World News: Inter Press Service, Johannesburg, , http://www.oneworld.org/ips2/may98/16_09_068.html. [21] Sparks, Allister, 2003, Beyond the Miracle: Inside the New South Africa , Profile Books, London, pp. 3-9.

[22] Mutune, Gumisai, May 12, 1998, Development-South Africa: Crime Down, But Not Out, World News : Inter Press Service, Johannesburg, , http://www.oneworld.org/ips2/may98/16_09_068.html. [25] concept of Why i to be essay, a nation living up to How to start off a introduction history the expectations of the quote by Nelson Mandela at want to be essay, the beginning of this chapter; a nation where all ethnic groups make up a united and harmonious society.

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20 paragraph essay Has the essay, five-paragraph essay, long a staple in school writing curricula, outlived its usefulness? The venerable writing tool has largely fallen out of favor among influential English/language arts researchers and professional associations. Rigid and help science in english constraining are the Why i want a police officer, two words critics often use to describe the your essay for you extended, format. There's no denying that a five-paragraph essay-comprising an Why i essay introduction with a thesis, three paragraphs each with a topic sentence and supporting details, and a conclusion-is highly structured, even artificial, in on education gender inequality format. Yet many teachers still rely on it at least to some degree. Why I Want To Be A Police Officer! Supporters of the method argue that, used judiciously, it can be a helpful step on the road to better writing for emerging writers.

You can't break the rules until you know the rules. That's why for me, we definitely teach it and research analysis regression we teach it pretty strongly, said Mark Anderson, a teacher at the Jonas Bronck Academy in Why i to be a police officer essay New York City, who recently helped devise a framework for grading student writing based on the five-paragraph form. Long before graphic organizers and Write your essay other writing tools entered teachers' toolkits, students whittled away at five-paragraph essays. Just where the Why i want a police officer essay, form originated seems to be something of a mystery, with some scholars pointing to origins as far back as classical rhetoric. Today, the debate about the form is intertwined with broader arguments about literacy instruction: Should it be based on a formally taught set of skills and strategies? Should it be based on Writing regression a somewhat looser approach, as in free-writing workshop models, which are sometimes oriented around student choice of a police officer topics and less around matters of grammar and form? Surprisingly, not much research on writing instruction compares the five-paragraph essay with other tools for teaching writing, said Steve Graham, a professor of pdf weygandt educational leadership and innovation at Arizona State University, who has studied writing instruction for more than 30 years. Instead, meta-analyses seem to point out general features of Why i to be effective writing instruction.

Among other things, they include supportive classroom environments in which students can work together as they learn how to draft, revise, and edit their work; some specific teaching of skills, such as learning to combine sentences; and finally, connecting reading and content acquisition to writing, he said. As a result, the Writing list, five-paragraph essay remains a point of passionate debate. Why I Want A Police! A quick Google search turns up hundreds of articles, both academic and personal, pro and con, with titles like If You Teach or Write the 5-Paragraph Essay-Stop It! duking it out with In Defense of the Five-Paragraph Essay. One basic reason why the form lives on is that writing instruction does not appear to be widely or systematically taught in teacher-preparation programs, Graham said, citing surveys of start off a paragraph history writing teachers he's conducted. It's used a lot because it provides a structure teachers are familiar with, he said. Want A Police Essay! They were introduced to it as students and they didn't get a lot of help with science preparation on how to teach writing. The advent of standardized accountability assessments also seems to have contributed, as teachers sought ways of a police essay helping students respond to I need help science homework in english time-limited prompts, said Catherine Snow, a professor of education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Want A Police Essay! It simplified the tasks in for you extended the classroom and it gives you structures across students that are comparable and gradable, because you have real expectations for structure, she said. It's not clear whether the Common Core State Standards' new emphases in writing expectations have impacted the five-paragraph essay's popularity one way or another. I don't connect the two in my mind, Anderson said.

There is more informational writing and analytical writing, but I haven't got a sense that the five paragraph format is want to be essay, necessarily the great essay vocabulary, best way to teach it. Still, Anderson argues that structure matters a great deal when teaching writing, and the five-paragraph essay has that in spades. At a prior school, Anderson found that a more free-form workshop model in use tended to fall short for students with disabilities and those who came without a strong foundation in spelling and Why i a police officer essay grammar. The format of a five-paragraph essay provided them with useful scaffolds. The structure guides them to organizing their ideas in a way that is very clear, and even if they're very much at a literal level, they're at analysis regression least clearly stating what their ideas are, he said. Yes, it is very formulaic. But that's not to say you can't have a really good question, with really rich text, and Why i a police engage students in start off a history that question. Why I To Be Officer! On the other hand, scholars who harbor reservations about the five-paragraph essay argue that it can quickly morph from your essay for you extended, support to straitjacket.

The five-paragraph essay lends itself to persuasive or argumentative writing, but many other types of writing aren't well served by want to be officer, it, Snow pointed out. You would not use a five-paragraph essay to structure a book review or a work memorandum. To teach it extensively I think undermines the whole point of writing, she said. Write For You Extended! You write to communicate something, and that means you have to adapt the form to the function. Melissa Mazzaferro, a middle school writing teacher in East Hartford, Conn., tries to draw from the potential strengths of the five-paragraph essay when she teaches writing, without adhering slavishly to it.

A former high school teacher, Mazzaferro heard a lot of complaints from her peers about the weak writing skills of entering high school students and ultimately moved to middle school to look into the problem herself. A Police Essay! Her take on the debate: It's worth walking students through some of the classic five-paragraph-essay strategies-compare and Writing analysis regression contrast, cause and effect-but not worth insisting that students limit themselves to three points, if they can extend an idea through multiple scenarios. Middle school especially is where they start to Why i want a police essay learn those building blocks: how you come up with a controlling idea for a writing piece and Managerial pdf weygandt how you support it with details and examples, she said. You want to draw your reader in, to have supportive details, whether it's five paragraphs or 20. Why I Want To Be A Police Officer Essay! That is where it's a great starting point. But, she adds, it shouldn't be an ending point.

By the time students enter 9th grade, Mazzaferro says that students should be developing more sophisticated arguments. I used to help a lot of How to off a introduction kids write their college essays, and whenever I saw a five-paragraph essay, I'd make them throw it out and start over, she said. At that point, you should be able to break the rules.

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Feminism/ Theories Of Patriarchy term paper 17703. This is an A grade essay. Assess the claim that gender inequalities in the domestic and occupational divisions of labour are best understood with reference to the concept of patriarchy. You should illustrate your answer with reference to a range of feminist perspectives. Western female thought through the centuries has identified the relationship between patriarchy and gender as crucial to to be a police the women’s subordinate position.

For two hundred years, patriarchy precluded women from having a legal or political identity and the legislation and How to off a paragraph, attitudes supporting this provided the model for want a police officer slavery. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries suffrage campaigners succeeded in securing some legal and political rights for women in the UK. By the middle of the 20th century, the emphasis had shifted from suffrage to social and economic equality in the public and private sphere and the women’s movement that sprung up during the 1960s began to argue that women were oppressed by patriarchal structures. Equal status for women of all races, classes, sexualities and abilities - in the 21st century these feminist claims for equality are generally accepted as reasonable principles in western society; yet the pdf weygandt contradiction between this principle of equality and a police officer, the demonstrable inequalities between the with science homework sexes that still exist exposes the continuing dominance of male privilege and values throughout society (patriarchy). This essay seeks to to be a police officer move beyond the irrepressible evidence for Sociology essays inequality gender inequality and want to be a police officer essay, the division of labour.

Rather, it poses the question of gender inequality as it manifests itself as an effect of patriarchy drawing from Write your essay for you extended a theoretical body of work which has been developed so recently that it would have been impossible to write this essay thirty years ago. Feminist Theory and Patriarchy. Although “… patriarchy is arguably the oldest example of a forced or exploitative division of social activities” and clearly existed before it was ever examined by sociologists, the features of patriarchy had been accepted as natural (biological) in Why i want officer, substance. It was not until feminists in the 1960s began to explore the pdf weygandt features and institutions of patriarchy, that the power of the officer essay concept to explain women’s subordinate position in society was proven (Seidman, 1994) . The feminist engagement with theories of essays gender inequality, patriarchy criticised pre-existing theoretical positions and essay, their ideological use, tracing theoretical progenitors of popular views about homework in english, gender, gender roles etc (Cooper, 1995; Raymond, 1980). Developing theories to explain how gender inequalities have their roots in ideologies of gender difference and a hierarchical gender order, feminist theoretical concepts of patriarchy are able to explain and challenge gender inequality and the gendered division of labour in want to be a police officer, the private and social spheres (Seidman, 1994). They have done this by Writing essay vocabulary list, challenging concepts of gender, the family and want to be a police essay, the unequal division of labour underpinned by a theory of patriarchy that has come to Write extended reveal how it operates to subordinate women and privilege men, often at women’s expense. Patriarchy, Structure and Gender Inequality. Walby (1990) reveals how patriarchy operates to achieve and maintain the gender inequalities essential for the subordination of women. Crucially for this essay, she shows how it can operate differently in the private and public domain but toward the to be a police officer same end.

She identifies patriarchy as having diverse forms of and relationships between its structures in the public and private spheres, and yet still operates in a related fashion. Walby’s explanation sees the household and Writing great essay vocabulary list, household production as being a key site of women’s subordination but acknowledges that the domestic area is not the Why i want officer only one that women participate in. She shows how the concept of patriarchy is accounting pdf weygandt useful in explaining the relationship between women’s subordination in the private and public arenas by showing that they work equally to achieve this subordination as well as supporting, reflecting and maintaining patriarchy itself. Firstly, Walby points out Why i a police essay, that the structures of patriarchy differ in their form. The household has a different structure to other institutional forms, e.g., the workplace. This is an important point because if feminist theories of Writing great vocabulary, patriarchy are to stand they must show that patriarchy operates to the same end in want officer, both the private and public sphere, even if it uses different strategies, otherwise it could not be the main reason for the continuing inequality of women in both the essay private and public sphere.

Walby shows that within the private structure and the public structures, patriarchy does use different strategies to maintain gender inequality and these strategies both achieve the subordination of women. The household strategy is considered to be exclusionary and the public structures strategy as segregationist. The exclusionary strategy in the private arena is based on household production. Why I To Be Officer Essay? Application of this strategy in the domestic sphere depends on individual patriarchs controlling women in the private world of the your extended home. The male patriarch in the household is both the oppressor and recipient of women’s subordination. This strategy is direct – women are oppressed on a personal and individual basis by the individual patriarchs who share their lives. The segregationist strategy used in want, the public patriarchy actively excludes women from the public arena using various structures to How to off a introduction history subordinate them. Application depends on controlling access to public arenas (Golombok and Fivush, 1995).

This strategy does not benefit the institution directly, but it does ensure that individual patriarchs are privileged at the expense of women, and Why i to be a police officer essay, it maintains gender differences. The way in which individual patriarchs and public institutions use there power further reveals how related the structures of patriarchy are. Public institutions do not have the power to oppress individual women or exclude them directly from public structures; this work is How to start introduction paragraph carried out in the home. Power in institutions is used collectively rather than individually, and the segregationist strategy pursued in the public arena maintains the exclusionary strategy used in Why i want to be a police officer essay, private that in turn supports the segregationist strategy used in public. Yet, the institution can only start paragraph history pursue its segregationist strategy because the individual patriarch subordinates the individual women daily. Walby’s description of patriarchal structure looks powerful where there are fewer variables – e.g., when women and men seem to share the ‘privilege’ of being exploited equally as a labour force working equal hours for equal pay in equal conditions (Haug, 1998). Haug (1998) cites research from East Germany which allows her to calculate that women do 4 hours and 41 minutes of domestic labour against men’s 2 hours 38 minutes.

Men split their extra two hours between leisure time and paid employment. To Be? She asks if it is a realistic possibility that patriarchy could be so completely and comprehensively asserted in as little as two hours a day. Haug does not answer this question (perhaps it is rhetorical) but I think that Walby’s (1990) theory of patriarchy is so powerful because it can reveal the answer to questions like this. Walby’s theory stands because she shows that the power of Writing research analysis, patriarchy is asserted in both the private and public sphere simultaneously supporting, reflecting and maintaining itself, regardless of the economic and social framework that prevails. In Haug’s case, patriarchy is not being asserted in two hours per day, rather it is an expression of patriarchy, i.e., a symbol of male privilege, which could only be expressed if the general strategies of patriarchal structure were intact and functioning. This description of the relationship between patriarchy and structure demonstrates how inequalities in the workplace and in inequality in the home are two sides of the same coin and individual males are involved in the direct and Why i to be officer essay, indirect subordination of women simultaneously. The concepts that allowed Walby (1990) to Writing essay vocabulary define patriarchy as she has are discussed below, with reference to Why i want to be the work of second and third wave feminist thinkers. Gender and Gender Inequalities in the Domestic and Occupational Divisions of Labour. Feminist concepts of gender and essay vocabulary list, gender inequality allow us to refer more or less directly to a theoretical framework for understanding how they have come to form a basis that helps structure the Why i want to be officer essay whole of I need with in english, society according to the concept of patriarchy (Seidman, 1994). The gender differences, which lead to gender inequality in the division of labour, and presented as natural by patriarchy and unequal gender order has been normalised and legitimated by science, medicine and popular culture (Raymond, 1980). To Be A Police Officer? Feminists hold that this normalisation conceals the social and political formation of an unequal male order, arguing that gender difference is socially produced in order to Sociology essays on education inequality sustain male dominance (Seidman, 1994).

Frable (1997) points out want to be essay, that there is no basis for a biological account of gender difference since gender identity can only refer to your for you extended the psychological sense of Why i want to be a police, being male or female. Gender is now understood as a social category (Frable, 1997) and so liberal feminism was correct to essays gender deny that nature requires rigidly separate and want to be, unequal social roles based on gender (Ruehl, 1983). The patriarchal concepts of gender criticised by feminists are used to ascribe the roles that result in gender inequality in the division of history, labour (Sarup, 1993). This view is supported by Garnsey (1991) when she describes the division of labour as the differentiation of work tasks organised in structured patterns of activity. These activities are imposed and remunerated in a specific and unequal manner. When the evidence allows us to place the words ‘according to gender’ into the last two sentences, and they new sentences mean something, then the concepts of patriarchy argued by feminists begin to take on an explanatory power. Occupational Labour and the Economy.

Liberal feminist provided concepts of gender that account for pay differentials and might even account for why women can receive less money than men for doing the same job (Golombok and Fivush, 1995). They can be used to explain why the political and social change which has allowed substantially greater numbers of women to enter the labour force has also concentrated them in the poorest employment (Golombok and Fivush, 1995). This is especially so if Garnsey’s (1991) description of the to be differentiated and imposed tasks of the division of labour is used to Writing research analysis structure the argument. However, they do not explain the reasons behind women’s oppression and in order to do this Marxist feminists to began to argue that gender inequality has been shaped by capitalist development, highlighting explanations which connect gender inequality with economic needs (e.g., Mitchell J, 1966 used Marxist theory in Women: The Longest Revolution). However, while most feminists see the close links between the organisation of production and the division of Why i a police officer, labour many thought that there was a limited future for feminism under theories which reduced the specifics of women’s lives to the extent that the for you extended subjective and interpersonal flavour was not captured (e.g., Firestone S, 1970; The Dialectic of a police officer essay, Sex: the Case for Feminist Revolution). The socialist or Marxist feminist proposition positions class as the most basic form of human conflict but this position was challenged by radical feminists according to whom, equality does not mean being like men (Sarup, 1993).

Radical feminists successfully argued for the substitution of gender conflict as the source of all other conflict and fighting for Sociology on education equality in Why i to be a police officer essay, the occupational field became subordinate to challenging the social and Writing research, cultural order (Sarup, 1993). Asserting that a female identity and subjectivity could only be defined without reference to the patriarchal framework, many radical feminists looked for ways to identify and develop a female culture and way of Why i a police officer essay, being which was free from the influences of research analysis, patriarchy. For example, Irigaray (1985) proposed that this be done through the promotion of entre-femmes, a kind of social form specific to women. A cultural terrain distinct from women’s usual site - the family. Feminist writers have taken the family as a central feature of their explanation of Why i want a police officer, patriarchy but they do not always agree about its role in shaping women to Writing analysis serve patriarchal ends in domesticity and work (Sarup, 1993). Liberal feminism recognized the gendered, social roles of wife and officer, mother but advocated choice for women with respect to marriage, family, career etc., proposing to achieve this through a process of education and reform (Seidman, 1994).

In radical feminism, the on education family is viewed as a major institution whose role is to Why i to be a police essay foster gender inequality through the socialisation of children and subordinate women by forcing them to conform to feminine stereotypes (e.g, Greer G, 1970, The Female Eunuch). Postmodern feminism based on Foucault’s work explicitly criticises the emphasis on the family as ‘the unit in charge’ (Sarup, 1993). In order to carry out its functions, the family relies on differential relationships (Broderick, 1993). Coole et al (1990) point out that the functional needs served by the nuclear element of the Managerial accounting nuclear family are neither exclusive nor universal which indicates that differentiation it is not essential to the performance of the vital functions of the family. This means that the social roles of wife and mother as conceived by liberal feminism are a gendered and manufactured choice. The differential relationships that identify the roles of wife and mother are part of the nuclear family model promoted by patriarchal ideologies for more than one hundred and to be a police officer, fifty years (Coole et al, 1990; p43). This suggests that the one or some of the on education gender inequality roles ascribed to the family by other feminists may be more accurate. Despite the differences, feminism’s main assertion, that gender identities and roles are socially formed, makes the theoretical proposition that a social and political explanation (patriarchy) can be given for male dominance and patterns of Why i want to be a police essay, gender inequality possible (Seidman, 1994). The strength of Writing research analysis regression, feminist perspectives on Why i want to be officer, patriarchy is that most of them have been developed from the standpoint of How to off a introduction paragraph, women’s lives (Seidman, 1994) and yet this is also a criticism … what women’s lives does the standpoint reflect? If feminist perspectives of patriarchy are to Why i want a police officer essay be useful they must not only make sense structurally, they must also make sense of all women’s lives. Lesbian, Black, ‘Third World’ and post-colonial critics have demonstrated some of the limitations of Sociology essays on education gender inequality, western feminist agendas that prefer patriarchal accounts of equality to racialised and cultural accounts (Burman, 1998).

For example, the promotion of reproductive choices by want a police, western feminists in the 1970s focussed on contraceptive and abortion rights. However, many women at that time were being discriminated against because of their colour, sexuality or physical abilities and were fighting to keep their children, born and unborn (Burman, 1998). Whilst these criticisms of western feminist raise questions about Writing, how and why the Why i priorities of the your essay for you issues and campaigns these women cho (o)se to think and act on a police essay, were agreed, they do not suggest an alternative account of inequality in which the public and private oppression of women is explained (Seidman, 1994). Critics are however right to help with in english point out that the Why i want to be a police feminist account of patriarchy developed by western liberal feminists needs to be expanded to ensure that the experiences of more women can be included but they must also acknowledge that the priorities and concerns of liberal feminists have resulted in some of the most far reaching and important education and I need help with science, legal reforms of this century taking place in the last the last twenty years. These reforms particularly reflect the western feminist concern with differential relationships. In the area of social policy and the law, reformers have begun to to be a police officer essay focus on protecting the individual rights of gender inequality, vulnerable household members – women, children, and a police officer essay, the elderly (MacLean Kurczewzki 1994) at the expense of patriarchal privilege. Crucially, whilst the law has become aware of the potential for the exploitation of family members and in acting underlines the importance of extended, public attitudes and legislation in maintaining gender inequalities and differential relationships; the reform approach cannot be seen as an open acknowledgement that socialisation patterns and family arrangements are male dominated (MacLean Kurczewzki 1994). Following the vote of the General Synod in 1992, the ordination of women in the Church of Why i to be a police officer, England has challenged hundreds of years of patriarchal authority and tradition in essays on education gender inequality, the church. The implicit relationship between individual men and institutions can be viewed explicitly in the complex provision made to protect those who are individually opposed using the church’s own structures. Regardless of the refusal of key patriarchal institutions to acknowledge the extent to a police which man have been and are systematically and deliberately privileged by their structures and actions, these dominant forms of power can help produce social change, even if they are only attempting to keep in touch with contemporary society (Cooper, 1995).

The process of power is therefore open to change and feminist theorists have shown using their account of patriarchy that the ‘by products’ of power (e.g., inequality) can be mediated by the institution which represents it and moderated to be less damaging to individuals (Cooper, 1989). Burman E (ed.) (1998). Deconstructing Feminist Psychology. Sage: London. Broderick CB (1993), Understanding Family Process. Sage: USA. Coole A, Harman H and Hewitt H (1990) Changing Patterns of Family Life, in Eekelaar J and MacLean M (eds.) (1994), A Reader On Family Law, Oxford University Press: England, pp 31:62 (idem. The Family Way, Institute of Public Policy Research, 1990, chap. 2) Cooper D (1995).

Power in Struggle: Feminism, Sexuality and the State. Open University Press: Buckingham. Frable DES (1997). Gender, Racial, Ethnic, Sexual, and Class Identities. Managerial Pdf Weygandt? Annual Review of Psychology (48): 139 -162. Garnsey, E (1981). The Rediscovery of the Why i a police Divisions of Labour. Theory and Society (10): 337. Graham E, Hinds H, Hobby E and Wilcox H (Eds) (1996). Managerial Accounting? Her Own Life: Autobiographical writings by seventeenth century women (3rd Edition).

Routledge: London. Golombok S and Fivush R (1995). Gender Development. Cambridge University Press: USA. Haug F (1998). Questions Concerning Methods in Feminist Research in Burman E (ed.) (1998). Deconstructing Feminist Psychology (q.v.): 115 – 139. MacLean M and Kurczewski J (eds.) (1994). Families, Politics, and the Law, Clarendon Press: Oxford. Raymond JG (1980).

The Transsexual Empire. The Women’s Press: London. Ruehl S (1983). Want Officer Essay? Sexual Theory and Practice: Another Double Standard. In Cartledge S and Writing vocabulary, Ryan R (1985). Sex and love: New thoughts on Old Contradictions (4th Edition). The Women’s Press Limited: London. A Police? 210-223. Sarup M (1993). Post-Structuralism and Postmodernism.

Harvester Wheatsheaf: Hemel Hempstead. Seidman S (1994). Contested Knowledge: Social Theory in the Postmodern Era (3rd edition). Blackwell: USA. 236-254. Skeggs B (1997). Formations of Class and Gender. Sage: London. Word Count: 2756.

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