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Quaid E Azam- an Architect of and less Pakistan. Submitted to: Sir Superman Submitted by: James Bond Degree ‘34’ Syndicate ‘CIA’ Date: 21-03-2013 CONTENTS Chapter 1 * Background * Quaid’s early life * Education Chapter 2 * Politics * Membership of Congress * Hindu-Muslim Unity * Devotion to Muslim League * Leadership of Muslims Chapter 3 * Thought of do my homework us history Separate Homeland * Pakistan Resolution * Gandhi-Quaid meetings * Views about Quaid Chapter 4 * Defending Policy of and less clothing Quaid Chapter 5 * Formation of Federal Cabinet * Constitutional Problems * Establishment of Capital * Provincial Government Establishment of Administrative Headquarters * Foreign Affairs * Education Policy CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCES 1) Syed Shamsul Hassan ed. , Correspondence of Quaid-i-Azam M. A. Jinnahand other papers, Shamsul Hassan collection, Organizational Matters, Vol. I (1936-1947) 2) Akbar S. Ahmed, Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity, (Karachi: Oxford University press, 1997) 3) Prof. Khurshid Ahmed, Islamic Ideology (Karachi: Karachi university,2002). 4) Quaid’s speech at university stadium Lahore, 30 october 1947 5) Syed Hussain Imam “Sterling qualities of Quaid”. ) Ahmad Khan Yusufi, Speeches, statements and messages of Quaid-e-Azam. Writing Essay Good? 7) Rajmohan Gandhi, Eight Lives: A Study of the Hindu-Muslim Encounter (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1986) 8) Wikipedia the free Encyclopedia. 9) www. national heritage . government. Clothing? pk 10) “Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah”. Government of Pakistan Website. 11) “Quaid-e-As is school business Mohammad Ali Jinnah”. The Jinnah Society. 12) “Jinnah: South Asia’s greatest ever leader”.

13) BBC’s Poll for South Asia’s greatest ever leader. 14) “The Father of Pakistan”. The Most Influential Asians of the Century by TIME. 15) “Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876–1948)”. Story of Pakistan.

16) “Jinnah’s speech to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan”. Clothing? 11 August 1947. 17) “Jinnah’s Thought at a Glance”. Yes Pakistan. com. 18) “Mohammed Ali Jinnah (1876–1948)”. Harappa. Help Statement? com.

19) “Pictures of clothing Quaid (Album)”. Urdu Point. 20) “South Asia’s Clarence Darrow”. Chow. 21) “I Remember Jinnah”. Daily Dawn (newspaper). 22) “1947 – August”. Chronicles Of Pakistan ACKNOWLEDGE This research paper is dedicated to all those martyres who worked the reation of do my homework us history a separate home land for Muslims. They helped Quaid-e-As am in 10 dollars clothing this great mission and gave sacrifices for our independence . They face many problems and hardships for the independence of Essay app keeps logging Muslims in the subcontinent. 10 Dollars Clothing? I would like to thank James Bond for assigning this topic to me. It was truly an enlightening experience for me to do research on this topic.

I would also like to thank my respected teacher Iron Man for guiding me and providing me with more than enough knowledge on this topic. The research was mainly done using the help of computers and internet therefore the bibliography section may look a little empty at first. But once one gets to essay a place visit these internet sites he is marveled by 10 dollars and less clothing, the amount of data provided on the respective topic. So hats off to all those people who are spending their precious time to run these enlightening websites. Essay Services Review Professors? Without these the worth of internet would be much less in the context of knowledge. 10 Dollars? The main objective of this research paper is to highlights the efforts of the Quaid-e-As am Muhammad Ali Jinnah in app keeps the creation of Pakistan. This modern disease has even spread to those who live in the West but have Pakistani roots.

It is however interesting that all these critical people studied in Pakistani schools, travelled on Pakistani passports and have families in that country. Painting a realistic image of 10 dollars clothing Pakistan in Help a term paper our young people’s minds is the only way they can hope to 10 dollars and less clothing have a sense of belonging to the country and the elderly generation has a duty to services review professors provide a great deal in 10 dollars and less clothing helping such parents and families living abroad whose roots are still fastened firmly with this land. Coming back to services professors he topic, it is very difficult to add something new or something that is not known about him. Yet the paradox is that the younger generation has to be reminded of his contribution to the history of Muslims of the Subcontinent What I want to share with you about Quaid, is not only the and less clothing, information from history books, magazines and films, but also what was told to me by my father and personal dental, those who saw the Quaid, worked for the cause of 10 dollars and less Pakistan and saw the creation of Pakistan. Pakistan’s story is so much linked with the life of the Quaid –e-As am that one cannot be told without the other.

So who was this great man, who with the Help write paper, help of his type writer and an adoring sister created the largest country for Muslims in the world in a span of few years. In his biography of titled “Jinnah of Pakistan”, the American historian, Stanley Wilbert, makes the following observation that so accurately describes the legacy of Quaid and his footprint on history: “Few individuals significantly alter the course of history. Fewer still modify the and less clothing, map of the world. Hardly anyone can be credited with creating a nation-state. Muhammad Ali Jinnah did all three. During his lifetime, he brought the wisdom to walk in the path of honor, the courage to follow his convictions, and Essay me out, an abiding compassion for others. He enriched us all by the nobility of 10 dollars and less clothing his spirit. ————————————————- ————————————————- CHAP # 1 Quaid’s Early life Background According to Sarojini Naidu, a famous Congress politician, close friend and follower of Gandhi but also author of Quaid’s first biography, Quaid’s ancestors were Hindu Rajput who converted to Islam. Jinnah’s family belonged to the Ismailia Kahoka branch of Shi’a Islam. Early Education He studied at several schools at the Sind Madras a-tool-Islam in Karachi; briefly at My hw, the Goal Das Ten Primary School in 10 dollars and less clothing Bombay; and finally at the Christian Missionary Society High School in Help a term Karachi, where, at age sixteen, he passed the matriculation examination other University of Bombay. Higher Education in England In 1892, at the age of only 16, he sailed to England to study and in 10 dollars 3 years, at age 19, he became the youngest Indian to Essay review be called to 10 dollars clothing the bar in England. During his student years in Help write a term proposal England, Jinnah came under the 10 dollars and less, influence of 19th-century British liberalism, and Pay to us history, his education included exposure to the idea of the democratic nation and progressive politics.

But later as an Indian intellectual and political authority, Jinnah would find his commitment to the Western ideal of the nation-state and the reality of Indian society of many religions, cultures and and less, ethnic groups difficult to reconcile during his later political career. In 1896 he returned to India and settled in Bombay. He built a House in Malabar Hill, later known as Jinnah House. He. Like most of the Congress at the time, Jinnah did not favor outright independence, considering British influences on education, law, culture and industry as beneficial to India.

Quaid had initially avoided joining the All India Muslim League, founded in 1906 because he regarded it as too religiously oriented. However he decided to provide leadership to the Muslim minority. Hindu-Muslim Unity ; Joining Muslim League His efforts to work for all Indians was so much respected that he was called; Ambassador of Writing essay a place Hindu-Muslim Unity. Eventually, he joined the Muslim League in 1913 and became the and less clothing, President at the 1916 session in Luck now. Jinnah was the architect of the 1916 Luck now Pact between the Congress and the League, bringing them together on most issues regarding self-government and services review, presenting a united front to the British. Jinnah broke with the Congress in 1920 when the Congress leader, Mohandas Gandhi, launched a law violating Non-Cooperation Movement against the British, which a temperamentally law abiding barrister Jinnah disapproved of. One Western journalist asked Quaid, why he never went to jail while all Congress leaders like Gandhi, Nehru, Patel and Baldev Singh have been in many times in prison. Quaid replies: “I am a parliamentarian.

Prison is for criminals”. In 1924 Quaid, officially reorganized the and less clothing, Muslim League and Devoted the next seven years attempting to bring about common app keeps Unity among various ranks of Muslims and to develop Rational formula to effect a Hindu Muslim settlement, Which he considered the pre-condition for Indian freedom. This task was very difficult and was frustrated in the start. Balder Singh “He once remarked that every time, I put my hand in the pocket, I find forged coins, refereeing to disunity and internal fight among Muslim leaders”. Even if he was working tirelessly to unite Muslims in Hindustan, he attended several unity conferences between Congress and Muslim league. He wrote the “Delhi Muslim Proposals in 1927”, pleaded for the incorporation of the basic Muslim demands in the Nehru report, and formulated the “Fourteen Points” Furthermore, in 1927, Quaid entered negotiations with Muslim and Hindu leaders on the issue of a future constitution, during the 10 dollars and less, struggle against the all-British Simon Commission. The Muslim League wanted separate electorates while the Nehru Report favored joint electorates. Quaid personally opposed separate electorates, but accepted the decision of his party. He then drafted compromises and put forth demands that he thought would satisfy both. These became known as the 14 points of Mr.

Jinnah. However, they were rejected by the Congress and My hw, other political parties. And Less Clothing? The British government called 2 Round Table Conferences in do my London to 10 dollars and less let Hindustani leaders to work out their differences, but talks failed. Quaid was so disillusioned by Essay common app keeps me out, the breakdown of talks, that in 1931 he relocated to London in order to practice in the Privy Council Bar. Devotion to 10 dollars Muslim League. That was a dark time for Muslims in India. But luckily, prominent Muslim leaders like Allama Iqbal, the Help personal statement dental school business, Aga Khan and Chaudhary Rah mat Ali made efforts to convince Quaid to return from London to India and take charge of 10 dollars clothing a now-reunited Muslim League. In 1934 Quaid returned and began to re-organize the party, being closely assisted by Liquate Ali Khan, who would act as his right-hand man.

In the 1937 elections to review the Central Legislative Assembly, the League emerged as a competent party, capturing a significant number of seats under the Muslim electorate, but lost in the Muslim-majority Punjab, Sind and the North-West Frontier Province. After the election success, Quaid offered an alliance with the and less, Congress – both bodies would face the British together, but the Congress had to share power, accept separate electorates and the League as the representative of India’s Muslims. That was a proof of Quaid was willing to go a long way to have an independent united Hindustan where Hindus and Muslims would be equal partners. The latter two terms were unacceptable to the Congress, which had its own national Muslim leaders and membership and adhered to One India. Even as Quaid held talks with Congress president Rajendra Prasad, Congress leaders suspected that Quaid would use his position as a lever for exaggerated demands and essay about good, obstruct government, and demanded that the 10 dollars, League merge with the Congress. The talks failed, and My hw login, while Quaid declared the resignation of and less clothing all legislators from provincial and central offices in 1938 as a “Day of Deliverance” from Hindu domination, some historians assert that he remained hopeful for Help write paper an agreement. But it was becoming clearer to 10 dollars and less clothing Quaid and his associates that may be Congress was interested in app keeps me out such solution.

Gandhi often said to and less clothing Quaid; “Let the British leave. Afterward, we can figure out a solution. ” In one of his famous letters, Quaid asked Gandhi to be more precise as to how the Help write a term, power would be distributed. Gandhi replied; “My dear Jinnah, I cannot answer your questions because my inner light is not working”. Quaid wrote back; ”To hell with your inner light. Why do not you admit that you have no answer to what I am asking”? ————————————————- CHAP # 3 The Idea of and less clothing Pakistan By the way, a wish for a separate homeland for Muslims of a descriptive a place Hindustan was in the air for some time. In a speech to clothing the Muslim League in 1930, Llama Irbil raised the idea of an independent state for Muslims in Essay review “Northwest India”. Chaudhary Rah mat Ali published a pamphlet in 1933 advocating a state called “Pakistan”. Thought of Separate Homeland Following the failure to work with the Congress, Quaid, who had embraced separate electorates and the exclusive right of the Muslim League to represent Muslims, was converted to the idea that Muslims needed a separate state to protect their rights.

He came to believe that Muslims and 10 dollars and less clothing, Hindus were distinct nations, with unbridgeable differences—a view later known as “the Two Nation Theory”. Quaid declared that a united India would lead to the marginalization of Muslims, and eventually civil war between Hindus and Muslims. This change of view may have occurred through his correspondence with Allama Iqbal, who was close to him. Pakistan resolution In the session in Lahore in 1940, the Pakistan resolution was adopted as the main goal of the Muslim League. Help? The resolution was rejected outright by the Congress, and criticized by many Muslim leaders like Maulana Abu Kalama Azad, Khan Abdul Gaffer Khan, Side Abdul Al Muddy and the Jamaal-e-Islamic. On 26 July 1943, Quaid was stabbed and wounded by a member of the extremist Chasers in an attempted assassination. During the mission of clothing British minister Stafford Cripps, Jinnah demanded parity between the number of Congress and League ministers, the League’s exclusive right to appoint Muslims and a right for Muslim-majority provinces to secede, leading to the breakdown of talks. When it became clear to both British and write paper proposal, Congress party that Quaid and 10 dollars, Muslim League would not budge from homework, its demand, they made a common front against him.

Gandhi-Quaid meetings. In 1944 Gandhi held talks fourteen times with Quaid in Bombay, about a united front— while talks failed, Gandhi’s overtures to Jinnah increased as a last ditch effort to avoid the partition of Hindustan. But League was becoming very representative of and less all Muslims. The League’s influence increased in the Punjab after the death of Unionist leader Sikandar Hayat Khan in helper login 1942. In the 1946 elections for the Constituent Assembly of India, the Congress won most of the elected seats, while the League won a large majority of Muslim electorate seats. Interim Government portfolios were announced on 25 October 1946. Muslim Leaguers were sworn in on 26 October 1946. The League entered the interim government, but Quaid refrained from accepting office for himself.

This was credited as a major victory for Quaid, as the League entered government having rejected both plans, and was allowed to clothing appoint an equal number of ministers despite being the minority party. The coalition was unable to work, resulting in Help writing personal business a rising feeling within the Congress that independence of Pakistan was the only way of 10 dollars and less clothing avoiding political chaos and possible civil war. Do My? Different views about Quaid. Some revisionist historians like H M Serve and Ayesha Jalap assert that Quaid never wanted partition of India. It was actually the and less clothing, outcome of the Congress leaders being unwilling to a term paper share power with the Muslim League. It is asserted that Quaid only used the Pakistan demand as a method to mobilize support to obtain significant political rights for and less clothing Muslims. Whatever the case may be, looking at the poor situation of Indian Muslims today and their second class status, Pakistanis should be grateful that Quaid gave up the idea of a united India after the Help personal dental business, British departure and clothing, insisted that Muslims in login Hindustan should have their own homeland. Quaid has gained the admiration of major Indian nationalist politicians like Leal Krishna Advani whose comments praising Jinnah caused uproar in his own Bharatiya Janta Party Jessant Singh likewise praised Jinnah for standing up to the Indian National Congress and the British.

Everyone from Mount baton, Gandhi, and Nehru down to ordinary persons, friend and foe all agreed that during his lifetime, he brought the wisdom to walk in the path of honor, the courage to follow his convictions, and 10 dollars and less clothing, an abiding compassion for others. He enriched us all by the nobility of his spirit. In his book “Verdict on India” (1944), Beverley Nichols, the British author and journalist has a chapter; Dialogue with a Giant. Writing Personal Statement Business? This is about his meeting with Quaid. He wrote; “Mr. Jinnah is in a position of unique strategic importance.

He can sway the 10 dollars clothing, battle this way or that as he chooses. His 100 million Muslims will march to the left, to the right, to statement school the front, to the rear at his bidding and at nobody else’s. If Gandhi goes, there is Nehru or Raj opal or Paten or a dozen others. But if Jinnah goes, who is there? ” CHAP # 4 Jinnah’s Vision for Pakistan Defending Policy of and less Quaid. In 1937, Quaid defended his ideology of equality in his speech to the All-India Muslim League in Luck now where he stated, “Settlement can only be achieved between equals. Writing A Descriptive Essay About A Place Good? ” He also had a rebuttal to Nehru’s statement which argued that the only two parties that mattered in India were the British Raj and INC. 10 Dollars And Less Clothing? ” Jinnah stated that the Muslim League was the third and “equal partner” within Indian politics. Helper? Quaid gave a precise definition of the term ‘Pakistan’ in 1941 at Lahore in which he stated: “Some confusion prevails in the minds of some individuals in regard to 10 dollars and less clothing the use of the word ‘Pakistan’. This word has become synonymous with the Lahore resolution owing to the fact that it is a convenient and compendious method of describing it.

Whilst giving an interview to American press representatives in July 1942, when asked by one of the journalists whether the Muslims were a nation or not, Quaid replied: “We are a nation with our own distinctive culture and civilization, language and literature, art and about a place good, architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of values and proportion, legal laws and moral codes, customs and 10 dollars, calendar, history and traditions, aptitudes and statement dental, ambitions, in 10 dollars clothing short, we have our own distinctive outlook on life and of life. By all cannons of common app keeps logging international law we are a nation. ” A controversy has raged in Pakistan about whether Jinnah wanted Pakistan to be a secular state or an Islamic state. 10 Dollars And Less Clothing? His views as expressed in his policy speech on Pay to us history 11 August 1947 said: “I think we should keep that in front of us as our ideal and you will find that in course of time Hindus would cease to be Hindus and Muslims would cease to be Muslims, not in the religious sense, because that is the personal faith of each individual, but in the political sense as citizens of the State”. Jinnah, 11August 1947 – presiding over the constituent assembly. Quaid wanted a secular state, but with Islamic principles. The reason is that a true Islamic state is not a theocratic state “Pakistan is not going to 10 dollars and less be a theocratic State to be ruled by priests with a divine mission.

We have many non-Muslims – Hindus, Christians, and Parses – but they are all Pakistanis. Essay Professors? They will enjoy the 10 dollars and less clothing, same rights and privileges as any other citizens and will play their rightful part in Essay common app keeps me out the affairs of 10 dollars and less Pakistan”. Broadcast talk to the people of the United States of America on Pakistan recorded February 1948 Inaugurating the assembly on 11 August 1947, Quaid spoke of an inclusive and pluralist democracy promising equal rights for all citizens regardless of religion, caste or creed. This address is a cause of much debate in Pakistan as, on its basis, many claim that Jinnah wanted a secular state while supporters of Islamic Pakistan assert that this speech is being taken out of context when compared to other speeches by him. On 11 October 1947, in an address to Civil, Naval, Military and Air Force Officers of Pakistan Government, Karachi, he said: “We should have a State in which we could live and Pay to do my us history, breathe as free men and which we could develop according to our own lights and culture and where principles of Islamic social justice could find free play”. 10 Dollars And Less Clothing? On 21 February 1948, in an address to the officers and men of the 5th Heavy and 6thLight Regiments in Mali, Karachi, he said: “You have to write a term proposal stand guard over the development and maintenance of Islamic democracy, Islamic social justice and clothing, the equality of manhood in your own native soil. With faith, discipline and do my homework us history, selfless devotion to 10 dollars duty, there is nothing worthwhile that you cannot achieve”. CHAP # 5 Quaid-e-As am as a Governor General On 14th August 1947, Quaid-e-As am Mohammad Ali Jinnah became the 1st Governor General. He remained Governor General for thirteen months. During this period, he solved many important national issues. Some of them are mentioned as under: Formation of Federal Cabinet As soon as the do my homework, Quaid-e-As am took an immediate action and nominated members of the Federal Cabinet to run the Government affairs smoothly.

Liquate Ali Khan was elected as the 10 dollars and less clothing, Prime Minister. Other members of the My hw helper login, cabinet were also nominated. This first cabinet of Pakistan took oath on 15th August 1947. 10 Dollars? Members of the Cabinet 1. Vardar Abdul Rib Nester (Transports) 2. Raja Ghazanfer Ali Khan (Agriculture) 3. Fazal-ur-Rehman (Education) 4. I. I Chundrigar (Industry) 5. Essay App Keeps Logging? Glulam Mohammad (Finance) 6. Jogander Nath Mandala (Law) 7. Sir Afar Ulla Khan Adjani (Affair) Constitutional Problems The Act of 10 dollars and less 1935 was amended and enforced in helper the country as there was no constitution available of the 10 dollars clothing, newly born state. A Descriptive A Place Good? Thus this great achievement was done under the and less clothing, administrative leadership of the Quaid-e-As am.

Establishment of Capital Karachi was made Capital of Pakistan. Provincial Government Quaid-e-As an elected Chief Minister and Governor. Here are chief ministers of provinces: Khan Iftikhar Husain Midmost – Punjab Khuwaja Nazam-ud-Dn – East Bengal Khan Abdul Qayyum – N. W. Professors? F. P Mohammad AyeChurro – Sind Chief Commissioner (British) – Baluchistan Administrative Head Quarters For the administrative reformation, a committee was set up and Chaudhary Mohammad Aye was made the 10 dollars, Secretary General. Civil Services were re-organized and Civil Services Academy was constituted. The Secretariat was established.

Moreover, Head-quarters for Army, Navy and Air Force were set up. Help A Term Proposal? An ammunition factory was also set up. Attention to Foreign Affairs Realizing the sensitivity of foreign affairs, Quaid-e-As am paid his utmost attention to the Foreign Policy. He developed healthy relations with the neighboring and developed countries that were the main objective of the Foreign Policy. 10 Dollars? Membership of UNO After independence, Quaid-e-As am paid immediate attention for acquiring membership of the United Nations Organization (UNO). On 30th September 1947, Pakistan became the member of the UNO. This all, was done under the dynamic leadership of My hw Quaid-e-As am. Implementation of 10 dollars Education Policy Education plays an important role in the development of a country. It improves living standard of a nation and development. Education sector also needed attention at the time of independence. For this purpose, he held the first Educational Conference in 1947.

He wished that every citizen of Pakistan should serve his nation with honesty and national spirit. He made nation with honesty and national spirit. He made acquisition of scientific and technological education compulsory for the students. Quaid-e-As am did a lot to improve education policy of the country. In the Help write a term proposal, Service of Pakistan. Quaid-e-As am served his country till his death. 10 Dollars? Despite his bad health, he kept on going through the important files. He succumbed to My hw login deadly disease of consumption.

First Cabinet of Pakistan First cabinet of Pakistan was also elected by 10 dollars and less, Quaid-e-As am. Writing About A Place Good? He took of it. Liquate Ali Khan was first Prime Minister of Pakistan. CONCLUSION In the conclusion I would like to say that Quaid was great leader and a true Muslim and he was a real architect of Pakistan. He was great leader and he proved it by the creation of Pakistan and he is guiding star for the generation to come and clothing, he is role model for generation to come. Limitations First of all I am thankful to Allah Almighty who enabled me to make this assignment.

It is wisely said that one feels no pains after he has been successful in doing a work. But I would like to mention some as they are asked. I live in Help writing personal dental school hired hostel where internet is not available. Therefore, I faced many difficulties in gathering data. Moreover, I do not have my own computer so I had to clothing work on my roommate’s computer or on the lab computer. I had much burden of studies of other subjects. My Hw Helper Login? So, I could not give as much concentration to this assignment. I am very firstly living in hostel therefore I have time management problems. Clothing? I also do not possess very vast general knowledge. Bibliography * Syed Shamsul Hassan ed. , Correspondence of Quaid-i-Azam M. A. Jinnahand other papers, Shamsul Hassan collection, Organizational Matters, Vol.

I (1936-1947) * Akbar S. Ahmed, Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity, (Karachi: Oxford University press, 1997) * Ahmad Khan Yusufi, Speeches, statements and messages of Quaid-e-Azam. A Descriptive Good? * BBC’s Poll for South Asia’s greatest ever leader. * “1947 – August”. Chronicles Of Pakistan. * “I Remember Jinnah”. 10 Dollars And Less? Daily Dawn (newspaper). “Jinnah’s speech to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan”. 11 August 1947. * “Jinnah’s Thought at a Glance”. Yes Pakistan. com. Services Review? * “Jinnah: South Asia’s greatest ever leader”. * “Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876–1948)”. Story of Pakistan. Clothing? * “Mohammed Ali Jinnah (1876–1948)”.

Harappa. Services Review Professors? com. * Prof. Khurshid Ahmed, Islamic Ideology (Karachi: Karachi university,2002). * “Pictures of Quaid (Album)”. Urdu Point. * Quaid’s speech at university stadium Lahore, 30 october 1947. * “Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah”. Government of Pakistan Website. * “Quaid-e-As is Mohammad Ali Jinnah”. And Less Clothing? The Jinnah Society. Rajmohan Gandhi, Eight Lives: A Study of the Hindu-Muslim Encounter (Albany, NY: State University of a descriptive essay a place good New York Press, 1986). * Syed Hussain Imam “Sterling qualities of Quaid”. 10 Dollars Clothing? * “South Asia’s Clarence Darrow”. Chow. * “The Father of Pakistan”. The Most Influential Asians of the Century by TIME. Helper Login? * Wikipedia the clothing, free Encyclopedia. * www. national heritage . government. pk ————————————————- ————————————————- THE END… ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- Haven’t found what you want? 12-22 Newhall St, Birmingham B3 3AS, UK [emailprotected]

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A Guide to Writing A Pastoral Resume. A pastoral resume can be difficult to 10 dollars and less write and Essay, develop. Clothing? Churches often receive dozens of resumes in Essay, their pastoral search process, and finding the right candidate is a rigorous process. There are several important steps to follow as you prepare for writing a pastoral resume. First, you must remember that a ministry resume is a very different document than a secular resume. Pastoral resumes often include personal information, such as marital and family status, date of and less, birth, personal philosophies, and even a family picture. You cannot approach writing a pastoral resume in the same fashion you would a secular resume, because a pastoral resume is structured and developed different from a traditional resume. Writing A Descriptive About A Place? Because of this structure and the details involved in writing a pastoral resume, it is often longer than a traditional resume. On the 10 dollars first page you should include the Essay common me out most pertinent and 10 dollars clothing, core information – the top of the Pay to homework first page should clearly state your name, and if you have an advanced degree, add your credentials behind your name. Many ministry and pastoral resumes feature a professional headshot, typically placed at the top right of the page. Paul’s first letter to Timothy includes the pastor’s family in and less, the description of the pastor’s qualifications, and as our culture includes the pastor’s wife as a representation of the Pay to do my homework ministry position, pastoral resumes often feature a family picture.

Including a family picture also personalizes your resume. Below your name you should indicate you contact information and biographical information. 10 Dollars Clothing? A significant difference between a secular resume and a ministry resume is the inclusion of review professors, personal details. Some of these details include marital status, family details, date of birth, and even how long you have been married. Especially from 10 dollars, a secular point of view, and living in a very politically correct society, these details may seem inappropriate or irrelevant, but Scripture has very specific requirements for pastors; including physical maturity, spiritual maturity, and leadership in his marriage and parenting. Next, although optional, many pastoral resumes include a personal statement, consisting of ministry objectives, ambitions, or a short summary of your ministry accomplishments. Essay App Keeps Logging Me Out? This should be succinct and set you apart as the candidate for the position. The second section in writing a pastoral resume is your educational information.

You should clearly indicate both your degree and the institution you received your degree at. Especially in ministry positions, your educational institution will certainly affect your potential hiring as it reflects the quality of your theological training. Education also impacts your doctrinal positions and and less, teaching within the Help personal statement dental school business church you are hired at. You should list your most recent degree earned first, which is typically your highest degree. The third section when writing a pastoral resume should be your ministry experience. In the case of someone beginning in and less clothing, ministry, list any ministry experience, including volunteer ministries and academic internships. For pastors or ministers without significant of write a term paper proposal, lengthy ministry experience, or who have worked bi-vocationally, it may be important to list experience in the secular field as well, always listing the most recent employment first. Human Resource professionals tend to and less clothing recommend that in services professors, describing your ministry responsibilities, you place the 10 dollars focus on accomplishments and activities, rather than job elements or responsibilities . Essay Logging? This informs the reader not only and less clothing, of what your responsibilities are, but also of the results of about, your ministries. Although you want to balance humility with describing your accomplishments, your resume is where you showcase your skills and talents. The fourth section of your pastoral resume is where all semblance of a traditional resume disappears.

Your ministry philosophy is often attached separately, or included on a separate page. Ministry philosophies are typically broken down into several sections, such as: Conversion and Call to Ministry. Philosophy of Preaching and Teaching. Philosophy of Leadership. Philosophy of Counseling. Each of your philosophies should be succinct, yet detailed, and if appropriate, should include Scriptural references.

These are all important sections, are churches want to know, and clothing, frankly have a right to know, how you will teach, lead, and counsel. Be sure to personalize these statements. Finally, your pastoral resume should include your doctrinal positions. You may list that your doctrinal positions align with a published doctrinal statement within the common logging me out denomination you are applying within, but a pastoral resume should always include a description of 10 dollars and less clothing, your doctrinal positions: churches want to know what you personally believe and will teach in Writing essay, their church. 10 Dollars Clothing? Do not make the mistake of professors, trusting another’s references. Only list Scripture references you have personally researched and agree with in their application. There are a few more details that are important not to overlook when writing a pastoral resume. Often times, search committees and churches may dismiss a resume due to and less clothing a lack of details or information. Dental School Business? You resume should reflect not only your professional and ministry accomplishments, but also your personality.

If you print off your resume to 10 dollars send it to a church, staple your resume or paperclip the document. This is an common logging easy step to 10 dollars clothing ensure that the pages are not separated. An important tip to consider is to insert your first and last name, as well as page numbers, in the footer of your resume, in case the common app keeps logging pages of your resume are separated. Do not use graphics, pictures, or excessive colors in your resume. Your formatting should be simple and 10 dollars, elegant, subtle and not obtrusive. Consider using heavier paper or paper designed for resumes. A contemporary trend is to make references available upon request. These may be included on a separate sheet; this reduces clutter on your resume and separates them somewhat from the rest of your resume. Your references should be relevant; pastors or ministry leaders you have served under, seminary professors you have studied with, or other ministry related references.

If at all possible, your references should not be family members or close friends. Be sure to ask your reference if they can be listed as a reliable reference before including them on your list, and personal statement dental business, ask them directly if they can give you a positive reference. Finally, consider including a cover letter with your ministry or pastoral resume. A cover letter is an excellent opportunity to explain some of 10 dollars, your qualifications, skills, talents, and experience, in a less formal manner than in your resume. Your cover letter should be written well and Help write a term paper proposal, signed personally.

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essay heuristic Paper presented to CCPE, London - October, 2001. ? Dave Hiles 2001. Heuristic Inquiry and Transpersonal Research. (Psychology Department, De Montfort University, Leicester. LE1 9BH. UK.)

I would like to begin with a quote from William Braud and Rosemarie Anderson that I think will clearly go to the heart of what my focus will be this evening. Many of the most significant and exciting life events and extraordinary experiences - moments of clarity, illumination, and healing - have been systematically excluded from conventional research. Usually, when I introduce the 10 dollars, course that I teach on qualitative inquiry, I begin by defining research as an addition to services review knowledge , and I also point out 10 dollars and less clothing, that we undertake research because we care and want to make a difference . It is therefore with some concern that I do take seriously what Braud Anderson are saying, especially with respect to the field of transpersonal experience. Essay Services! I am particularly disturbed by 10 dollars and less the claim that research is being systematically excluded. It would seem that we are being actively prevented by other scientists from adding to our knowledge of Essay professors some of the most significant and exciting aspects of human experience.

This makes me wonder about such matters as: exclusion by whom, on what grounds, and at what expense to humanity does conventional research make such limitations. The motivation for this lecture is that I think we all care, and that we do want to make a difference. While I will be mostly concerned with the heuristic inquiry approach to research, what I will be saying here is particularly relevant to these wider issues raised above. What seems to lie behind Braud Anderson's comment is that some areas of and less human action and experience are thought by some scientists to be too difficult to study, or even to be unsuitable topics of empirical study. However, it is my view that these topics are too important to be ignored. Problems of measurement, and lack of app keeps appropriate methods of inquiry, have often been the stock excuses offered for the exclusion of these areas of study. I want to argue that such excuses are no longer valid, and we should begin to take notice of an expanding range of methods of inquiry now being made available, and that we must take seriously the research findings that are beginning to emerge in these areas.

I would place transpersonal research and heuristic inquiry within the area of human science (Giorgi, 1970; 1994). It is especially relevant here to draw attention to the following point made by Donald Polkinghorne. Human science seeks to know the reality which is particularly our own, the reality of our experience, actions, and expressions. This realm is and less, closest to us, yet it is most resistant to our attempt to helper login grasp it with understanding. Because of the success we have had knowing the world around us, the human realm has expanded its power to such an extent that we can act to create wellbeing and and less physical security and Help write paper comfort and to inflict untold suffering and 10 dollars and less destruction. Services Review! Serious and 10 dollars clothing rigorous re-searching of the human realm is a descriptive essay about a place, required. Polkinghorne (1983, p. 280-1)

Polkinghorne's plea for clothing, a serious and rigorous re-searching of the human realm is exactly the point I wish to My hw helper login make. He points out that although this realm is closest to us, in the sense that it concerns our direct human experience, it can also be most resistant to clothing careful study. He warns that the imbalance between our efforts in the natural science approach, at the expense of human science, may be a contributory factor in the untold suffering and destruction that seems to be ever present in paper, the modern psyche. I remember that Carl Jung expressed very much the 10 dollars and less, same idea when he observed that the future of humankind is held by a single thread, the human psyche. There is no more urgent topic to research than the human realm of experience, action and expression, especially the significant and exciting life events and the extraordinary experiences these can entail. I want to examine the role that heuristic inquiry can play in this and its relationship to transpersonal research. 2. Heuristic inquiry.

Heuristic inquiry is an Help write paper extremely demanding process, involving disciplined self-commitment, rigorous self-searching and self-reflection, and ultimately a surrender to the process. It does not suit a fixed time-frame for research, and should not to be attempted lightly. In essence, it is a research process designed for the exploration and interpretation of experience, which uses the self of the researcher. 10 Dollars! It is a research process that reflects Clark Moustakas' basic philosophy that in Pay to us history, every learner, in every person, there are creative sources of energy and 10 dollars clothing meaning that are often tacit, hidden, or denied (Moustakas, 2001). I will begin by discussing heuristic inquiry within the context of Pay to homework us history my own experience. For many years now, I have been engaged in a research project that could be said to have almost taken over my life. Clothing! It began with some insights into the parallels between the work of Carl Jung and the work of the 18 th Century English poet and me out artist William Blake.

These insights particularly related to understanding the processes of transformation that can be involved in the experience of human suffering. I especially wanted to apply these insights in my practice as a counsellor and therapist, and also engage in research that would bring some form to these insights that could then be shared with others in the field. When this all started, I was not even sure that what I was doing could even be called research. In fact, it was only 10 dollars, several years later that I discovered that what I had been doing all along was really heuristic inquiry . Review! Coming across the work of Clark Moustakas (1990), I immediately recognised the phases of engagement, immersion, incubation and illumination in 10 dollars and less clothing, my own work. I have reported some of the methodological issues involved in Help dental school, this work before (Hiles, 1999, 2001), and I only will briefly summarise here the 10 dollars clothing, essentials of Moustakas' method, together with some of the insights that I have gained about the nature of helper login heuristic inquiry from my own direct experience in using it.

Heuristic inquiry was developed by 10 dollars clothing Clark Moustakas (1990; see also Douglass Moustakas, 1985), and bares some striking resemblance to the idea of lived inquiry developed by John Heron (1998), and mindful inquiry developed by Bentz Shapiro (1998). Essay Logging Me Out! The heuristic inquiry paradigm is an adaptation of phenomenological inquiry but explicitly acknowledges the involvement of the researcher , to the extent that the lived experience of the researcher becomes the main focus of the research. The researcher really needs to feel passionate about the research question (West, 1998a; 1998b). Indeed, what is explicitly the focus of the approach is the and less, transformative effect of the inquiry on the researcher's own experience. My Hw Login! This is often achieved by clothing a process that I think can usefully be called discernment . The heuristic process involves getting inside the research question, becoming one with it, living it. Self dialogue is the critical beginning, allowing the phenomenon to speak directly to one's own experience. School! Knowledge grows out of direct human experience and and less discovery involves self-inquiry, an openness to one's own experience.

I n addition to knowledge that we can make explicit, there is knowledge that is implicit to our actions and experiences. This tacit dimension is ineffable and unspecifiable, it underlies and precedes intuition and can guide the researcher into untapped directions and sources of meaning. Intuition provides the bridge between explicit and Pay to do my tacit knowledge. Intuition makes possible the seeing of things as wholes. Every act of achieving integration, unity or wholeness requires intuition. This refers to the conscious and deliberate process of turning inward to seek a deeper, more extended comprehension of a quality or theme of human experience. Indwelling involves a willingness to gaze with unwavering attention and concentration into some aspect of human experience. Focussing is inner attention, a staying with, a sustained process of systematically contacting the and less, central meanings of an experience. It enables one to see something as it is and to Help write a term make whatever shifts are necessary to make contact with necessary awareness and insight.

The outcome of the heuristic process in terms of knowledge and experience must be placed in the context of the experiencer's own internal frame of 10 dollars and less clothing reference, and not some external frame. The task of the first phase is to discover an intense interest, a passionate concern that calls out to the researcher, one that holds important social meanings and personal, compelling implications. The research question that emerges lingers with the researcher, awaiting the Pay to, disciplined commitment that will reveal its underlying meanings. The research question is lived in waking, sleeping and 10 dollars and less clothing even dream states. This requires alertness, concentration and self-searching. Virtually anything connected with the question becomes raw material for immersion. This involves a retreat from the Writing essay a place good, intense, concentrated focus, allowing the expansion of knowledge to take place at a more subtle level, enabling the inner tacit dimension and intuition to clarify and extend understanding. This involves a breakthrough, a process of awakening that occurs naturally when the researcher is open and receptive to tacit knowledge and intuition. It involves opening a door to new awareness, a modification of an old understanding, a synthesis of fragmented knowledge, or new discovery. This involves a full examination of 10 dollars what has been awakened in consciousness. What is required is organization and a comprehensive depiction of the core themes.

Thoroughly familiar with the data, and following a preparatory phase of solitude and meditation, the researcher puts the Help writing statement dental school, components and core themes usually into the form of 10 dollars clothing creative synthesis expressed as a narrative account, a report, a thesis, a poem, story, drawing, painting, etc. The question of validity is one of meaning. Does the synthesis present comprehensively, vividly, and accurately the meanings and essences of the services review, experience? Returning again and again to the data to check whether they embrace the necessary and sufficient meanings. Finally, feedback is obtained through participant validation, and receiving responses from others. . . . a process of internal search through which one discovers the nature and 10 dollars meaning of experience and develops methods and procedures for further investigation and analysis. The self of the researcher is present throughout the process and, while understanding the phenomenon with increasing depth, the researcher also experiences growing self-awareness and self-knowledge (p. 9). . . . The heuristic process is a way of being informed, a way of knowing (p. Pay To Do My Us History! 10). . . . From the beginning, and throughout an investigation, heuristic research involves self-search , self-dialogue , and self-discovery ; the research question and the methodology flow out of inner awareness, meaning, and and less inspiration.

When I consider an issue, problem, or question, I enter into it fully . . . I may challenge, confront, or even doubt my understanding of a human concern or issue; but when I persist in a disciplined and devoted way I ultimately deepen my knowledge of the phenomenon . . I am personally involved . . I may be entranced by visions, images, and dreams that connect me to my quest. I may come into Writing a descriptive essay about a place good touch with new regions of myself, and 10 dollars discover revealing connections with others (p. Common Me Out! 11). . . . Essentially in the heuristic process, I am creating a story that portrays the qualities, meanings, and 10 dollars and less essences of essay about universally unique experiences (p. 13). . . . In heuristic research the investigator must have had a direct, personal encounter with the phenomenon being investigated. There must have been actual autobiographical connections (p. 10 Dollars Clothing! 14).

. . . Heuristic inquiry is a process that begins with a question or problem which the researcher seeks to Writing essay about a place illuminate or answer. And Less Clothing! The question is one that has been a personal challenge and Writing essay good puzzlement in the search to understand one?s self and the world in which one lives. The heuristic process is autobiographic , yet with virtually every question that matters personally there is also a social - and perhaps universal - significance (p. 15). 3. Some observations concerning heuristic inquiry. There is 10 dollars clothing, clearly more involved in heuristic inquiry than the researcher simply analyzing their own experience, which could easily be seen as a variation of phenomenological inquiry. Services Professors! What Moustakas seems to offer is the much wider context within which the researcher engages with the and less, research question, examines their own experience amongst a number of a term other explorations, and follows this through with an awareness of the transformative processes at and less, work in the research enterprise. Drawing on my own use of this method of Pay to do my inquiry, I would like to 10 dollars make the following observations.

Heuristic inquiry is a research process that is difficult to set any clear boundaries to, with respect to Essay common logging me out duration and scope. It is a method that can be best described as following your nose, but at the same time requires the highest degree of rigour and thoroughness. It is a method of inquiry that should not be undertaken lightly. In heuristic inquiry, the research question chooses you, and and less invariably the research question is deeply personal in origin. Indeed, it is my own experience that the research question has been a preoccupation of helper login mine for at least thirty years, and probably much longer than that. There is a very striking similarity between the methods of heuristic inquiry and the practice of counselling and psychotherapy, particularly with respect to the use of the self. It is therefore a method of research that particularly resonates with inquiry into counselling and therapy related issues. Heuristic inquiry highlights the importance of working with the clothing, heuristic process of others, especially with the historical recordings of previous inquiry (especially spiritual texts).

Indeed, it turns out that the Writing a descriptive about good, works of writers, poets, artists, spiritual leaders and scientists can all be usefully treated as the creative products of heuristic inquiry. In the light of this last observation, it would seem that heuristic inquiry was probably the first research method adopted for psychological inquiry many, many centuries ago. It should really be regarded as the and less clothing, most ancient of methods, with a proven track record well before the advent of modern science and psychology. It is write a term paper proposal, a method of inquiry that is desperately in need of being re-invented! The form that my own heuristic research has taken, in addition to my own self-exploration and lived inquiry, involved the designing and carrying out of several phenomenological/co-operative inquiries. I have interviewed people who have claimed to have had a near-death experience, people who have been victims of serious crimes, and people who have been attracted to voluntary, or paid work, which entails being in a helping role with others (i.e. counsellors, carers, nurses, social workers, advocates, etc.).

Such research is necessarily ongoing, and the outcomes are not always easy to summarise. And Less Clothing! However, two fairly specific claims have emerged, (i) a clearer and about a place more general view of the and less, human response to loss, and in particular the My hw helper, human grieving process, and (ii) the crucial importance of the heuristic framework for researching human experience. 4. Transpersonal inquiry. The transpersonal represents a distinct new paradigm within psychology because the assumptions and presuppositions it makes are so different to the rest of clothing psychology. Services Professors! At the heart of the transpersonal approach is an attempt to place human life and experience in its widest possible context. Of course, such an approach has a very long history indeed, although it has largely been expressed in spiritual and religious terms. Personally, I cannot see that it matters in the least whether different cultures and 10 dollars and less groups of people, at different times in human history, have come up with very different visions of Help personal reality, of our place in it, and the associated practices that help give meaning to human existence.

However, what does matter is the recognition of the clothing, crucial role that transpersonal beliefs and practices play in peoples? lives, and the important place these can have in explaining and understanding an individual?s experience, actions, growth and development. In a previous paper (Hiles, 2000), I have described the aim of transpersonal psychology as offering a synthesis of what may seem, on the surface, to be two quite different traditions - science and spiritual practice. Help Personal Dental Business! What has emerged is a new field offering new approaches to psychotherapy, human development, crisis, etc. Before modern psychology, it was the spiritual traditions and practices in the wide range of cultures that offered an understanding of human consciousness, and the possibilities of human experience. 10 Dollars And Less Clothing! Transpersonal psychology can be seen as an essay a place good attempt to bring the world?s great spiritual traditions together with the basic ideas of (Western) modern psychology.

This has, to and less clothing a large extent, already been achieved in Eastern psychology, we are just coming rather late to this in the West!! The vitality and My hw login enormous scope of this field is demonstrated, amongst many other examples, in the pioneering vision of Ken Wilber (1977, 1980, 1983, 1998, 2000), in 10 dollars clothing, research on spiritual emergence/emergency and the model of the holotropic mind developed by Stanislav Grof (1985, 1988, 1998; and with Christina Grof 1989, 1990), and in John Heron's (1998) proposal for a person-based, person-centred spirituality. While the transpersonal field has been developing since the early 1970's, it has been more or less waiting for appropriate research methods in order to emerge into the mainstream. The very nature of the transpersonal paradigm, where the basic assumptions of the field are so different from other areas of helper scientific inquiry, requires paradigms of inquiry that are necessarily quite different. However, transpersonal inquiry is no less empirical than any other area of inquiry, but the empirical focus is on human intuition and creative expression, and possible altered states of and less awareness. The empirical data can take the form of My hw helper subjective experience, discernment and direct knowing which may emerge from and less clothing dreamwork, imagery exercises, storytelling and meditation practices, etc. It is notable that recently very considerable progress has been made in the development of research methods more appropriate to Pay to do my homework the paradigm of transpersonal inquiry. For example, Braud Anderson (1998), Heron (1998) and Valle (1998) have considerably extended the range of research methods that this area might adopt. Braud Anderson's work in particular reflects the need for a systematic approach to the development of new inquiry paradigms. They do draw up a general scheme which usefully tries to 10 dollars clothing bring some order to writing personal statement the confusing diversity of methods of and less clothing data collection and analysis, which I have summarized in Writing about a place, Table 3. They propose five new methods for transpersonal research. But my concern here is to point out that these new methods do not seem to differ significantly from the intermediate approaches that they identify.

For example, with respect to heuristic inquiry, describing it as intermediate, as sharing important commonalities, is misleading. In most cases, the five methods outlined by clothing Braud Anderson are each variants of the heuristic inquiry process. Essay Common App Keeps Logging Me Out! They seem to 10 dollars and less overlook the fact that heuristic inquiry and phenomenological inquiry are both foundational to this whole area of research. Although heuristic inquiry is not of My hw necessity transpersonal, it has a central role to play in the research into 10 dollars clothing transpersonal and spiritual issues. Naturalistic and common app keeps me out field studies. Historical and archival. Content analysis, textual analysis. Narrative and discourse analysis. Case studies and life stories. Interviews, questionnaires and. and design issues.

Physiological and biomedical. assessments and design issues. Experiential research method. Inquiry informed by 10 dollars clothing exceptional. 5. A note on mindful inquiry. Earlier I mentioned an approach to professors inquiry that is similar to heuristic inquiry, and is certainly worth spelling out a little further.

This is the refreshingly different approach to research called mindful inquiry (Bentz Shapiro, 1998). Mindful inquiry is described as a synthesis of four intellectual traditions : phenomenology, hermeneutics, critical social theory , and Buddhism . 10 Dollars And Less Clothing! Scientific research is Pay to do my us history, recognized as one of our many ways of knowing, and needs to be connected with the other ways. The emphasis in this approach is in placing the inquirer at the centre, and research from clothing this perspective is seen as intimately linked with the awareness and the experienced world of the researcher. Research can be seen to contribute explicitly to common logging me out the transformation of the researcher?s sense of self or identity. The idea of bringing mindfulness into clothing disciplined inquiry is exciting, as it stresses focus, intention and awareness of whatever is Writing essay about good, present in a situation or experience. There is one aspect of mindful inquiry that I think is of special note, which is the inclusion of critical social theory. I do not have time to develop this point here, but one of the features of critical theory that I think is most important is the recognition that theories, explanations and understanding can be empowering . One of the goals of psychological inquiry and therapeutic practice must be empowerment, i.e. the use of psychological knowledge and techniques to empower people to make informed choices, express themselves freely, and challenge discrimination, oppression and unnecessary suffering.

While empowerment is possibly universally held by counsellors and therapists to be an outcome of their practices, it is hardly ever acknowledged that this also needs to be a recognized outcome of research inquiry. Mindful inquiry clearly does this, as does heuristic inquiry. 6. Developing the 10 dollars and less clothing, heuristic approach. Recently, I have found myself adapting the heuristic approach for my own specific purposes of inquiry. Write Proposal! In turn, this seems to have revealed something of what lies at the core of this approach. On different occasions I have found myself needing to engage deeply with some specific material, or text. 10 Dollars And Less! I have come to Help call this deep study of a single text, heuristic engagement (and I am very aware that this is almost precisely how I view working with a client in therapeutic practice). 10 Dollars! On other occasions I might deliberately choose two or more texts for Writing a descriptive essay about good, this work, and I have called this methodology heuristic comparison . Both of 10 dollars and less these methods are simple adaptations of the method of writing personal statement business heuristic inquiry, designed as formalized analytical tools for the study of the 10 dollars, phenomenological experience resulting from engagement with almost any cultural or clinical practice.

In the case of heuristic comparison, the methodology involves these basic phases: choosing two texts/practices for comparison - this is not limited to only two and is not crucial - but the selection needs to be very limited, leaving other comparisons for further study, and the choice needs to be made from Writing a descriptive essay a place good a range of and less clothing texts/practices with some underlying feature in common. a phenomenological engagement with the texts/practices, examining and re-examining them, drawing out similarities and differences, exploring the demands placed on the researcher. a period of discernment and exploration, but avoiding superficial similarities and differences - with the Essay common logging me out, likely need to follow leads to materials outside those chosen, but always returning to the comparison that is the main focus of the study. a phase of sifting through and 10 dollars clothing gathering together the materials and experiences, allowing a range of insights, meanings and themes to emerge. reflection on the inter-relations of the texts/practices, working towards formulating a range of insights, perhaps working back through phases (ii) to (iv) again and again and again. a formulation, or synthesis of the inquiry involving self-validation. and finally, further establishing the validation of the work by sharing it with others. There are three features of this methodology that I would like to point out here. Firstly, it should be fairly clear that the methodology is the Essay logging, outcome of trying to do justice to the required depth of the engagement with the material, while also being able to set appropriate boundaries to the work that is involved.

It is 10 dollars and less clothing, my view that a heuristic comparison is almost always simply a part of a wider heuristic inquiry. Secondly, I would like to claim that there is possibly something universal about these seven phases. My reason for this claim arises from the helper login, fact that I keep coming across these seven phases in different aspects of my own work. For example, they are clearly explicit in the description of heuristic inquiry offered by Moustakas. But they also emerge from my close examination of and less clothing some of the work of William Blake, and I have found them to be the key to formulating a deeper understanding of the grieving process in the human response to suffering (Hiles, 1999). And, thirdly, I must emphasize the importance of the seventh phase, (vii ) validating the work by sharing with others, which is the key to understanding good qualitative research practices. It is my observation that this seventh phase is often overlooked, or taken for granted by other researchers. For example, Moustakas (1990) clearly offers six phases to Pay to homework us history his discussion of heuristic inquiry (p. 27), but then clearly includes a seventh phase (p. And Less! 32-37). It is my proposal that validation of the research is two-fold, involving a process of services self-validation (and possibly participant verification) that is integral to the sixth phase of the clothing, creative synthesis, and in Essay common app keeps logging me out, the seventh phase a process of external validation, a sharing with others, which is the basic requirement of any research paradigm.

I pointed out earlier that heuristic inquiry is really the most ancient of inquiry practices, and you can possibly see that what I am calling for is that it should be given the proper recognition that it obviously deserves. 7. Researching human experience. All transpersonal inquiry will involve a focus on the exploration and study of human experience. But, the study of human experience is certainly not without its difficulties, not least of which is the sheer breadth of experiences this would entail. As a final thought, I have tried to 10 dollars and less take a broad view of the nature of this field of study by Help write paper identifying a number of tensions that seem to underlie much of the research involved. Six of these tensions are presented in Table 4. What lies behind my thinking is that there seems to be a fundamental tension between experience that is grounded in human knowledge systems of our everyday occurrences, and experience that is more subtle which involves perhaps deeper or altered states of consciousness. leading to knowledge derived. from an imposed order.

experience derived from everyday happenings, events. common, ordinary normal. focus on the content of thought. (whether real or imagined) expected, predicted, absorbed. into our current perspective. centred in the self. leading to knowledge of a. induced experiences through. rituals, shared practices. uncommon, unusual, unique. the experience of knowing itself, witnessing the act of knowing.

generating insight and permanent. beyond self, what am I a part of? This contrast between grounded and subtle can be broken down into at least six underlying tensions. Human experience may be constructed or principled by the culture we are embedded in, or by contrast may be the reflection of a process of discernment, i.e. a more directly experienced found order in things. It may be experience that is spontaneously discovered in clothing, the course of events, or may result from proven practices or rituals. Login! It may be common and ordinary, or quite exceptional in nature. It may be intentional, or may involve transcendent experience, for example the subjective experience of knowing itself. It may be experience that is predictable and easily assimilated into a current point of view, or it may be a transforming experience, leading to insight and significant change.

Finally, it may be experience grounded in the ego and self, or may be transpersonal, beyond ego and and less self. My purpose here is simply to do justice to the full range of experience, setting out a curriculum for Help writing personal dental school business, study in clothing, this field. The possibilities of researching human experience from a transpersonal perspective are of course exciting, but also challenging. Not the least of the challenges involved will be in convincing the wider scientific community of the seriousness of Writing essay about a place this undertaking. I find it extremely encouraging that Ken Wilber, in his discussion of direct spiritual experience, asserts that such experience is repeatable, reproducible and confirmable (Wilber, 1999, p. 43). These are of course the basic requirements of any scientific approach. Wilber (1998, p. 155-6) proposes three essential aspects of any scientific inquiry: (i) instrumental injunction - if you want to know this, do this, (ii) direct apprehension - the direct experience or apprehension of the 10 dollars and less, data, and (iii) communal confirmation or rejection - checking the data with others. These three essential aspects of scientific inquiry ensure that the basic requirements of repeatability, reproducibility and common logging me out confirmability are being met.

Furthermore, it is quite clear from Wilber's position that in these respects research into human experience is no different from any other area of and less clothing scientific research. It also seems to follow that in many ways spiritual experience, that so often is the product of an injunction to Help personal statement dental school business practice a certain form of 10 dollars and less clothing meditation practice or ritual, may be relatively much easier to study scientifically than other types of experience which are more exceptional or spontaneous. In these latter cases, the Essay review, only difference is in the form of 10 dollars and less injunction involved, i.e. wait for this to happen, or, find instances of this happening, and then apprehend the data, and confirm the observation with others. Another matter that I think has importance, is the Help statement dental business, point made by and less Valle Mohs (1998, p.100). They propose that transpersonal awareness: seems somehow prior to [any] reflective-prereflective realm, presenting itself as more of a space or ground from which our more common experience and felt-sense emerge. Moreover, it is an helper awareness that makes itself known to the experiencer, but: is not of the phenomenal realm of perceiver and perceived [but] rather it is a noumenal, unitive space within or from and less clothing which both intentional consciousness and phenomenal experience manifest.

The important point here is the claim that transpersonal awareness is always prior to our phenomenal awareness. Our everyday awareness is grounded in transpersonal awareness, and it is not the other way around. What I have tried to do in this final part is personal dental business, perhaps set out an enormous programme of research that so desperately needs to be undertaken. I am left wondering, do we care ? And, if we do not care, who will? Do we want to make a difference? I hope that I have achieved my modest aims.

I have tried to provide a brief outline of the heuristic inquiry approach to research, originally pioneered in the work of Clark Moustakas. I have argued that it occupies a key place in transpersonal inquiry. I have discussed some of the insights that I gained from using it myself, and have shown you how I have used its basic principles in developing some more specific inquiry paradigms of my own. What defines transpersonal inquiry is 10 dollars and less, not its methods of Writing essay a place research but the 10 dollars clothing, particular perspective it takes on human actions and Help statement dental business experiences. And Less! However, progress in the transpersonal field will largely depend on how we refine our methods of inquiry. The promise of heuristic inquiry is that it offers a systematic way of incorporating the self into our inquiry methods, and, therefore, some of the helper login, most significant, exciting and urgent life events and extraordinary human experiences can be researched more closely. Bentz, V.M. Shapiro, J.J. (1998) Mindful Inquiry in Social Research.

Sage. Braud, W. Clothing! Anderson, R. (Eds) (1998) Transpersonal Research Methods for the Social Sciences: Honoring human experience. Common Me Out! Sage. Douglass, B.G. Moustakas, C. And Less Clothing! (1985) Heuristic inquiry: The internal search to know. J. A Term! Humanistic Psychology , 25 , p. 39-55.

Giorgi, A. (1970) Psychology as a Human Science. Harper Row. Giorgi, A. (1994) The idea of human science. And Less! In F. Wertz (Ed.) The Humanistic Movement: Recovering the person in psychology. Write! Gardener Press. Grof, C. Grof, S. (1990) The Stormy Search for clothing, the Self.

J.P. Tarcher. Grof, S. (1985) Beyond the Brain: Birth, death and transcendence in Writing essay a place, psychotherapy. SUNY. Grof, S. And Less! (1988) The Adventure of Self Discovery. SUNY.

Grof, S. (1998) The Cosmic Game: Explorations of the frontiers of human consciousness. SUNY. Grof, S. Grof, C. (Eds.) (1989) Spiritual Emergency: When personal transformation becomes a crisis. J.P. Tarcher.

Heron, J. (1996) Co-operative Inquiry: Research into the human condition. Sage. Heron, J. (1998) Sacred Science: Person-centred inquiry into the spiritual and the subtle. Personal Business! PCCS Books. Hiles, D.R. (1999) Loss, Grief and Transformation: A heuristic inquiry.

Paper presented to the 18 th International Human Science Research Conference, July 26 -29, Sheffield. Hiles, D.R. (2000) Defining the and less, Paradigm of Humanistic-Existential Psychology. Paper prepared for the Old Saybrook 2 Conference , May 11 - 14, West Georgia, USA. Available at: Hiles, D.R. Helper! (2001) Jung, William Blake and and less Our Answer to Job. A Term Proposal! Paper presented to the Collegium Jungianum Brunense, April 25th, Brno, Czech Republic. Available at: Moustakas, C. (1990) Heuristic Research: Design, methodology and and less clothing applications. Sage.

Moustakas, C. (2001) Statement . Available at: Polkinghorne, D.E. (1984) Methodology for a descriptive essay about a place good, the Human Sciences: Systems of inquiry. SUNY. Valle, R. (Ed.) (1998) Phenomenological Inquiry in Psychology: Existential and transpersonal dimensions. Plenum Press. Valle, R. Mohs, M. (1998) Transpersonal awareness in phenomenological inquiry: Philosophy, reflections, and and less clothing recent research.

In W. Braud R. Anderson (Eds) Transpersonal Research Methods for the Social Sciences: Honoring human experience. Sage. West, W. (1998a) Passionate research: Heuristics and the use of write a term proposal self in counselling research. Changes , 16, p. 60-66. West, W. (1998b) Critical subjectivity: Use of self in counselling research. Counselling , (August), p. 228-230. Wilber, K. (1977) The Spectrum of Consciousness . Quest. Wilber, K. (1980) The Atman Project . 10 Dollars! Quest. Wilber, K. (1983) Eye to Eye: The quest for the new paradigm . Shambala. Wilber, K. (1998) The Marriage of Sense and Soul: Integrating science and religion . A Descriptive Essay About! Random House.

Wilber, K. (1999) One Taste: The journals of Ken Wilber . Shambala. Wilber, K. (2000) Integral Psychology: Consciousness, spirit, psychology, therapy. Shambala.