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Biocatalytic potential of laccase-like multicopper oxidases from Aspergillus niger. © Tamayo-Ramos et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012. Editing Doc? Accepted: 19 December 2012. Published: 27 December 2012. Thesis Statement? Laccase-like multicopper oxidases have been reported in several Aspergillus species but they remain uncharacterized. The biocatalytic potential of the Aspergillus niger fungal pigment multicopper oxidases McoA and McoB and ascomycete laccase McoG was investigated.

The laccase-like multicopper oxidases McoA, McoB and McoG from the editing doc commonly used cell factory Aspergillus niger were homologously expressed, purified and analyzed for services person their biocatalytic potential. Essay Editing Symbols Doc? All three recombinant enzymes were monomers with apparent molecular masses ranging from 80 to 110 kDa. McoA and College person McoG resulted to be blue, whereas McoB was yellow. Symbols Doc? The newly obtained oxidases displayed strongly different activities towards aromatic compounds and synthetic dyes. McoB exhibited high catalytic efficiency with N,N -dimethyl- p -phenylenediamine (DMPPDA) and 2,2-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline) sulfonic acid (ABTS), and appeared to Buy written be a promising biocatalyst. Besides oxidizing a variety of editing, phenolic compounds, McoB catalyzed successfully the decolorization and answers vistas detoxification of the widely used textile dye malachite green. The A. niger McoA, McoB, and McoG enzymes showed clearly different catalytic properties. Yellow McoB showed broad substrate specificity, catalyzing the oxidation of several phenolic compounds commonly present in different industrial effluents. It also harbored high decolorization and Essay editing doc detoxification activity with the synthetic dye malachite green, showing to College essay influential have an interesting potential as a new industrial biocatalyst.

Multicopper oxidases (MCOs) form a family of redox enzymes that catalyze the Essay reduction of molecular oxygen into water by a four-electron transfer process. Essay To Buy? It includes laccases (EC 1.10.3.2), ascorbate oxidases (EC 1.10.3.3), bilirubin oxidases (EC 1.3.3.5) and doc ferroxidases (EC 1.16.3.1), which are key enzymes in many biological processes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms[ 1 , 2 ]. In fungi, complex MCO gene families exist, possibly due to the variety of functions they accomplish. Fungal MCOs are involved in delignification, morphogenesis, pigment formation, pathogenesis, competitor interactions and transport of metal ions[ 2 , 3 ]. Their ability to react with a variety of aromatic compounds, by producing just water as a by-product, makes them interesting green biocatalysts[ 2 , 3 ]. As such, they can become key for sustainable industrial processes, like textile production or bioremediation[ 4 , 5 ]. The majority of with writing a newspaper, fungal MCOs are distributed, according to Hoegger et al .[ 6 ], within the basidiomycete laccases, the ascomycete laccases, the fungal pigment MCOs and the fungal ferroxidases clusters. Laccases form the largest subgroup within the MCO family and they have received most of the attention in biochemical and biotechnological studies[ 6 ]. Essay Editing Symbols Doc? In particular, basidiomycete laccases of several Trametes and Pleurotus species, amongst others, have been well characterized[ 2 ]. Fungal pigment MCOs, mainly found in ascomycetes[ 7 ], have been reported in College services influential person, several Aspergillus species: A. nidulans LccD, TilA and YA[ 8 – 10 ]; A. fumigatus Abr2[ 11 ]; and A. niger McoA, McoB and McoC[ 12 ]. Although these enzymes are known to oxidize a wide array of substrates[ 8 , 13 ], they have never been characterized. Essay Editing Doc? Therefore no information is available about their molecular properties or substrate specificities. Aspergillus MCOs included in the ascomycete laccases cluster have also received little attention. A significant number of these enzymes, including: A. nidulans LccA, LccB and How to essay LccC[ 8 ]; and A. niger McoD, McoF, McoG, McoI, McoJ and McoM[ 12 ], remain uncharacterized.

Interestingly, A. niger MCOs (both, the ones that belong to the fungal pigment MCO cluster, and to the ascomycete laccase cluster) have a low similarity to laccases included in the basidiomycete laccases cluster (around 25% identical). They also differ from the few deeply characterized ascomycete laccases (i.e. around 25-30% identical to symbols doc Melanocarpus albomyces laccase, MaL). College Essay Person? Thus, to obtain insight into the possible biotechnological potential of this particular group of MCOs, more knowledge about their catalytic properties is required. The activity patterns observed in plate assays of ten A. Essay Editing Symbols? niger laccase-like MCOs that were recently homologously overexpressed, indicated that remarkable biochemical differences exist between them[ 12 ]. Here we address the biocatalytic potential of Buy written paper xerox, three A. niger laccase-like MCOs: two fungal pigment MCOs (McoA and McoB), and one MCO belonging to the ascomycete laccase subfamily (McoG). Their ability to oxidize an array of aromatic compounds and editing doc decolorize different dyes was evaluated. Homologous expression, purification and molecular properties of A. Services Influential Person? niger MCOs. 110 kDa for editing McoA, 88 kDa for McoB and. 80 kDa for to buy can't McoG (Figure 1a ), being in all cases higher than the Essay doc theoretical expected value ( 64 kDa for McoA, 63 kDa for McoB and.

65 kDa for McoG). This difference in size may originate from Stats homework answers post-translational protein processing, such as glycosylation. Indeed, analysis of the three amino acid sequences with NetNGlyc 1.0 and GPP Prediction Servers revealed the Essay presence of homework vistas, several potential N-glycosylation sites, being more predominant in Essay editing symbols doc, McoA (data not shown). Gel filtration, using a calibrated Superdex 200 column, was performed in College essay services person, order to determine the Essay editing symbols doc size and subunit composition of the three enzymes. College Essay To Buy Can't? A single peak was observed for the native form of each MCO, with a relative molecular mass estimated to be: 120 kDa for Essay doc McoA, 96 kDa for paper McoB and.

99 kDa for McoG (Figure 1b and 1c ). This result, together with the observations made through SDS-PAGE gel analysis, indicates that the native form of the three enzymes has a monomer conformation. SDS-PAGE (a), elution profiles from a Superdex 200 HR 10/30 column (b) of McoA, McoB and McoG. Reference proteins used to calibrate the Superdex 200 HR 10/30 column and calculate the McoA, McoB and McoG molecular mass (c) . Essay Symbols Doc? The gel filtration calibration was performed with the Buy written xerox following reference proteins: cytochrome c (12 kDa), myoglobin (18 kDa), ?-chymotrypsin (25 kDa), ovalbumin (43 kDa), bovine serum albumin (68 and 136 kDa), 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-hydroxylase (90 kDa), lipoamide dehydrogenase (102 kDa), phenol 2-hydroxylase (152 kDa), catalase (232 kDa), ferritin (440 kDa) and vanillyl-alcohol oxidase (510 kDa). McoA, McoB and McoG were also included in the plot of K av versus LogM r . Absorption spectra of McoA and McoB ( 1 mg/mL). Essay Editing Symbols Doc? Embedded in the graph, McoA and McoB color solutions (10-15 mg/mL) can be observed and essay services influential person compared with 10 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.0). Steady-state kinetic parameters of editing symbols doc, McoA, McoB and McoG with DMPPDA and ABTS.

7.5 ? 10 3 ± 6.0 ? 10 2. n.d. = not detectable. Effect of pH and temperature on A. niger MCOs activity. Effect of pH in McoA (a), McoB (b) and paper McoG (c) activity. The initial rate of enzyme activity was measured with DMPPDA and editing symbols ABTS substrates in pH range 2.2 to 8.0. Effect of temperature in College essay influential, McoB (red line) and McoG (green dashed line) activity. The enzyme activity was measured, using ABTS as a substrate, in the range 20 to 100°C, using 100 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0). Effect of potential inhibitors on A. Symbols? niger MCOs activity. Effect of metal salts and inhibitors on McoA, McoB and McoG activity. The 100% specific activity of McoA, McoB and McoG was 72.3±1.3 U/mg, 236.1±12.6 U/mg and 57.5±10.6 U/mg, respectively. n.d. = not detectable.

Biocatalytic potential with natural and synthetic substrates. Substrate specificity of Help with article, McoA, McoB and McoG. 7.1 ? 10 3 ± 1.6 ? 10 2. Essay Symbols Doc? 13.0 ? 10 3 ± 5.6 ? 10 2. Paper Xerox? 75.6 ? 10 3 ± 2.3 ? 10 3. Essay Editing Symbols Doc? 1.7 ? 10 3 ± 4.1 ? 10 2. 3.1 ? 10 3 ± 7.9 ? 10 2. 2.9 ? 10 3 ± 3.1 ? 10 2. 7.0 ? 10 3 ± 4.1 ? 10 2. 4.9 ? 10 3 ± 2.9 ? 10 3. 6.6 ? 10 2 ± 3.2 ? 10 2. 6.1 ? 10 3 ± 4.4 ? 10 2. 4.5 ? 10 3 ± 1.2 ? 10 2. 7.3 ? 10 2 ± 5.2 ? 10 2. 3.9 ? 10 2 ± 1.1 ? 10 2. 3.1 ? 10 3 ± 1.1 ? 10 2. 1.6 ? 10 3 ± 1.1 ? 10 2. Help With Writing? n.d. = not detectable. Symbols? The inability of McoA to oxidize 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (as observed before) nor ABTS is a remarkable result, as a significant number of reported laccases react with these two common substrates[ 24 ]. Stats? Nevertheless, as discussed in the “Kinetic parameters” section, other laccases from eukaryotic and prokaryotic sources are not active with ABTS as well. Also, other laccases have been reported to be inactive with laccase model substrates. For instance, the Agaricus bisporus laccase[ 31 ] is unable to convert syringaldazine and Essay symbols EpoA, from Streptomyces griseus , does not oxidize syringaldazine and guaiacol[ 32 ]. The range of thesis statement, substrates oxidized varies from one laccase to another[ 33 ]. It has been suggested that differences in substrate access to the T1 copper site of editing symbols, laccases could imply different substrate affinities[ 34 ]. In order to study and with writing a newspaper article understand if this factor could have influence in the narrow range of substrate specificity of Essay editing symbols, McoA, the availability of its three-dimensional structure would be desirable. 20%. McoB showed the best decolorizing ability with bromocresol purple (41% of decolorization after 20 h) and in particular with malachite green (83% decolorization after 20 h). Homework? Decolorization of different dyes (50 mg/L) by McoA (a), McoB (b) and editing symbols McoG (c). Purified enzymes were used to decolorize bromocresol purple, amido black 10B, crystal violet, malachite green, blue dextran and bromothymol blue.

Decolorization of different concentrations (50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L and 400 mg/L) of College essay influential, malachite green by McoB. The MG decolorization ability of Essay editing doc, McoB, when the writing a newspaper dye is doc, present at a final concentration of 50 mg/L, is similar to the one reported recently from a new laccase from Trametes sp. 48424[ 37 ], and better than that of the Help a newspaper laccase from the white-rot fungus Ganoderma lucidum [ 38 ]. The direct decolorization of MG during the cultivation of several basidiomycete and Essay symbols doc non-basidiomycete fungi has been also investigated, but the reported efficiencies in xerox, similar conditions (e.g. incubation time, MG concentration) were lower than the ones achieved by means of using the purified enzymes[ 39 – 42 ]. In addition, McoB was also able to oxidize higher concentrations of MG. Similar results, have not been reported for other fungal laccases, although recently the Pseudomonas sp. strain DY1, grown in the presence of the Essay symbols doc dye, has been shown to be a very efficient tool for MG degradation, in concentration ranges from essay to buy can't 100 mg/L to 1000 mg/L[ 35 ]. Editing Symbols Doc? MG successful degradation (50 mg/L) by Nursing thesis other bacterial species has been also reported[ 43 , 44 ]. However, in none of the cases the enzymes involved in the biodegradation process were identified. Editing? The results obtained in College can't, the present study suggest that McoB could be used in bioremediation processes of this compound. To confirm this, the toxicity of MG transformation compounds should be assessed, as its biodegradation pathway varies depending on the biological treatment, and thus the Essay generated intermediates and final products[ 35 , 38 ]. The fact that decolorization of MG was achieved with no need of mediators would mean an Stats answers, additional advantage for the use of McoB, as synthetic mediators may be expensive, toxic, and Essay editing inhibit the enzyme activity at College to buy higher concentrations[ 45 , 46 ]. Nevertheless, natural mediators have also been shown to effectively enhance the editing symbols transformation of MG in combination with a fungal laccase[ 38 ]. Fungicide activity of Nursing, MG and its transformation products. Editing? A. niger radial growth in complete medium agar plates in the presence of Stats homework, 0.25 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 4 mg/L of malachite green or malachite green decolorized with McoB for editing symbols doc 3 h (a); and in the presence of 6 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L of malachite green or malachite green decolorized with McoB for 20 h (b and c). The radial mycelium growth was measured 24 h after inoculation. The picture illustrates the appearance of A. niger N593 strain, grown in complete medium in the presence of different concentrations of MG or DMG, 72 h after inoculation. MG= malachite green; DMG= decolorized malachite green.

The toxicity of higher concentrations (6 mg/L, 10 mg/L and with 20 mg/L) of MG and DMG, obtained by incubating MG with McoB for 20 h was also tested. As expected, MG completely inhibited A. niger growth, whereas a negative effect of DMG in Essay symbols, the radial growth of A. niger was hardly observed (Figure 7b ). Furthermore, the homework radial growth and the mycelium appeareance 72 h after inoculation in complete medium with DMG was not different to the one observed in the control condition, where no dye was added (Figure 7c ). These results show that the compounds generated after MG decolorization by McoB have a lower toxic effect in A. niger when compared with the one produced by the untreated dye. Therefore, McoB could be a good candidate to be used in Essay doc, detoxification processes of MG. The ability of to buy, McoB to detoxify MG without the Essay doc need of redox mediators is an advantage over College essay influential other MG detoxification processes reported[ 38 , 46 ]. The different biocatalytic properties of the A. niger MCOs determined in this study are remarkable. McoA and McoB, showing 56% of sequence identity, are severely divergent in their biochemical features.

The potential applications in wastewaters pre-treatment processes and editing symbols doc dye decolorization, along with the fact that yellow MCOs are far less well characterized than their blue counterparts, makes more challenging to continue with a deeper characterization of McoB. In this sense, it would be interesting to Nursing test its suitability for applications related to the food industry, as A. Essay Editing Symbols Doc? niger is a safe production organism and many of its enzymes are considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the United States Food and person Drug Administration[ 47 ]. Also, the Essay editing symbols possibility to use industrial A. Stats Homework Answers Vistas? niger strains to overproduce the native form of McoB could overcome issues related to Essay symbols production yields and stability[ 48 ], that can occur during heterologous expression of writing, recombinant proteins, and Essay symbols are less expected in homologous expression systems[ 6 ]. Interestingly, the production yields of this enzyme have been recently optimized, together with those of other A. College Essay Services Influential Person? niger MCOs[ 49 ]. By improving the Essay symbols doc performance of the College essay can't glucoamylase expression system, A. Editing Symbols Doc? niger strains able to accumulate extracellular McoB up to 42% of the total secreted protein were generated[ 49 ]. This study reports the first biochemical characterization of A. niger MCOs. The purified McoA, McoB, and McoG enzymes showed clearly different substrate specificities. Yellow McoB turned out to be the Buy written paper xerox most efficient biocatalyst, showing broad substrate specificity and Essay doc high decolorization activity with the synthetic dye malachite green. The lower fungicide activity of answers vistas, decolorized MG suggests that McoB can be an interesting biocatalyst for bioremediation processes involving this dye. Strains, media and Essay doc culture conditions. A. College Essay? niger N593 strains expressing recombinant McoA, McoB and McoG, were used as cell factories to produce the three enzymes[ 12 ]. Complete medium plates were used for spores preparation and fungicide activity tests. Minimal medium[ 50 ] liquid cultures (containing 50 mM of maltose and 0.1 mM of CuSO 4 ) were used for MCOs production. Liquid cultures were performed at 30°C and Essay symbols 250 rpm in an orbital shaker, in College essay, 2 L erlenmeyer flasks containing 800 mL of minimal medium inoculated with 1 ? 10 6 spores/mL. All MCO proteins were purified from filtered supernatants of 24 h cultures. Ammonium sulfate was applied at 100% saturation in 3 L of culture supernatant containing McoA.

After centrifugation, the recovered pellet was dissolved in 50 mL of 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5). The resulting solution was dialyzed against 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) and then concentrated using an Amicon Ultra-15 Centrifugal Filter device. The resulting solution was applied to a Resource Q 1mL column (GE Healthcare) installed in Essay symbols doc, an Akta purifier FPLC system (GE Healthcare). A linear gradient of NaCl from 0 to 1 M in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) was performed in a total volume of writing article, 200 mL, at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. McoB and McoG purification started with a binding step using Streamline Q XL agarose particles (GE Healthcare). Prior to the binding step, 1.5 L of culture supernatants containing McoB and editing symbols doc McoG were diluted five times in de-mineralized water. 50 mL of Streamline Q XL resin was added to each solution, and stirred during 3 h at essay services 4°C. Proteins were eluted from the resin with 50 mL of Essay editing, a 1 M NaCl solution in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5). Stats Homework Vistas? McoB and Essay doc McoG solutions were concentrated in an Amicon Ultra-15 Centrifugal Filter device and the NaCl concentration was severely reduced through several washing steps with 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5).

McoB and McoG were further purified on Resource Q, using the same protocol as described for College essay can't McoA. Purified enzymes were stored at -80°C in 10 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.0). Protein concentration was determined using the Bradford reagent (Bio-Rad) and bovine serum albumin as standard. SDS-PAGE was carried out Essay editing symbols, using Precast Polyacrylamide (12%) Mini Gels (Thermo Scientific). Page Blue Protein Stain (Fermentas) was used for College essay can't SDS-PAGE gels staining. Glycosylation sites in McoA, McoB and McoG amino acid sequences were predicted using NetNGlyc 1.0 ( http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetNGlyc/ ) and GPP Prediction Servers ( http://comp.chem.nottingham.ac.uk/glyco/index.html ). Analytical gel filtration was performed on a Superdex 200 HR 10/30 column (GE Healthcare), using a similar protocol to the one previously described[ 51 ]. Essay? All chemicals were purchased from Sigma and Invitrogen. McoA, McoB and McoG activity was determined using similar conditions as previously described[ 12 ], by measuring the initial oxidation rate ( ? ?), during a period of 6 min, of Nursing thesis, 6.0 mM ABTS at 420 nm and 2.5 mM DMPPDA at 550 nm (pH 5.0). Enzyme kinetics were determined measuring the oxidation rate of, at least, 10 different solutions of ABTS and Essay symbols doc DMPPDA, in concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 15 mM. The kinetic parameters of the Help writing article three enzymes were determined by Michaelis-Menten analysis using the Essay editing doc Sigma Plot 8.0 Software for Enzyme Kinetics . V max values were expressed in ? absorbance/min mg protein. Effect of pH and Help with a newspaper temperature on MCO activity. The pH-dependent activity of McoA, McoB and McoG with ABTS (6.0 mM) or DMPPDA (2.5 mM) was measured in McIlvaine's buffer ranging from pH 2.2 to Essay editing symbols 8.0 as mentioned in the “Enzyme activity determination” section.

The temperature-dependent activity of McoB and McoG was measured from 30 to 100°C by end point determination. Reaction mixtures (in closed microcentrifuge tubes) were incubated at different temperatures for 6 min with ABTS (6.0 mM) in 100 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0). Write Comparison? After an incubation step on ice of Essay symbols doc, 5 min, the absorbance of the samples was measured at 420 nm. Effect of inhibitors on MCO activity. The activity of McoA, McoB and McoG with 2.5 mM DMPPDA in 100 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) was measured at 23°C in the absence and presence of 1.0 mM NaN 3 ; 1.0 mM SDS; 50 mM EDTA, CaCl 2 , and MgCl 2 ; 100 mM NaCl; different concentrations of College to buy, CuSO 4 (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and Essay symbols doc 2.5 mM) and 50% methanol, ethanol and acetone. The activity of McoA, McoB and McoG with the following aromatic compounds was investigated: ADBP, phenol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, hydroquinone, vanillin, p -coumaric acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, syringic acid, and How to write an effective essay comparison cinnamic acid. Quantification of substrate specificity was achieved through direct measurement of symbols doc, oxygen consumption. For this purpose an Oxytherm (Hansatech Instruments) was used. All reaction mixtures contained 1 mM of substrate and 100 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0), and reactions were performed at 23°C. One unit of enzyme activity (U) was defined as the amount of Stats answers, enzyme that oxidizes 1 ?mol of substrate per min. Essay? Bromocresol purple (440 nm), amido black 10B (600 nm), crystal violet (560 nm), malachite green (600 nm), blue dextran (600 nm) and bromothymol blue (440 nm) were incubated with 100 ?g/mL MCO in 100 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) at 55°C for College to buy can't 20 h. As a negative control, the different dyes were incubated with an symbols, equal volume of 10 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.0).

The degree of dye decolorization was measured 3 and Buy written 20 h after the incubation started. Fungicide activity of editing symbols doc, MG and its transformation products. A malachite green solution (100 mg/L) was incubated with McoB or an equal volume of 10 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.0), for 3 and 20 h, following the conditions mentioned in College essay, the “Dye decolorization” methods section. After the 3 h incubation, DMG and MG were mixed with Aspergillus complete medium in 24 well agar plates to reach the following concentrations: 0.25 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 4 mg/L. Doc? Similarly, after 20 h incubation, complete medium agar plates were prepared with DMG and MG at the following concentrations: 6 mg/L, 10 mg/L and College to buy 20 mg/L. DMG and MG toxicity was measured by their ability to inhibit or reduce A. niger mycelium radial growth after an incubation period of 24 h. In order to monitor toxicity effects and major growth delays produced by DMG or MG, the mycelium growth was monitored for two weeks. We thank Adrie Westphal, Teunie van Herk, Willy van den Berg, Laurens van der Vlist and Martijn Wapenaar for their invaluable assistance. We also thank the reviewers for symbols doc their valuable comments. This work has been carried out under the IBOS SME research project 053.63.322 granted by the ACTS national research program from the Netherlands. JATR was recipient of Help a newspaper, a postdoctoral contract within research project 053.63.322.

Authors' original submitted files for images. The authors declare that there are no competing interests. JATR designed and performed the experimental work and wrote the manuscript. WJHB collaborated in the coordination of the research and helped to draft the manuscript. LG designed the study and helped to draft the manuscript.

All authors read and approved the submission of the Essay editing symbols manuscript. Quintanar L, Stoj C, Taylor AB, Hart PJ, Kosman DJ, Solomon EI: Shall we dance? How a multicopper oxidase chooses its electron transfer partner. Acc Chem Res. Statement? 2007, 40: 445-452. 10.1021/ar600051a View ArticleGoogle Scholar Giardina P, Faraco V, Pezzella C, Piscitelli A, Vanhulle S, Sannia G: Laccases: a never-ending story. Cell Mol Life Sci.

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10.1111/j.1574-4976.2005.00010.x View ArticleGoogle Scholar Freeman JC, Nayar PG, Begley TP, Villafranca JJ: Stoichiometry and spectroscopic identity of copper centers in phenoxazinone synthase: a new addition to Stats homework answers the blue copper oxidase family. Biochemistry. Symbols Doc? 1993, 32: 4826-4830. 10.1021/bi00069a018 View ArticleGoogle Scholar Sanchez-Amat A, Solano F: A pluripotent polyphenol oxidase from the writing a newspaper article melanogenic marine Alteromonas sp shares catalytic capabilities of tyrosinases and laccases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997, 240: 787-792. 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7748 View ArticleGoogle Scholar Galletti GC, Piccaglia R, Chiavari G, Concialini V, Buta JG: Hplc Characterization of Phenolics in editing, Lignocellulosic Materials. Chromatographia. Buy Written Xerox? 1988, 26: 191-196. 10.1007/BF02268150.

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2005, 36: 478-486. 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.11.011. Write An Effective Scholarship? 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.11.011 View ArticleGoogle Scholar Kunamneni A, Camarero S, Garcia-Burgos C, Plou FJ, Ballesteros A, Alcalde M: Engineering and applications of fungal laccases for organic synthesis. Microb Cell Fact. 2008, 7: 32-, 10.1186/1475-2859-7-32 View ArticleGoogle Scholar Miller R, Kuglin J, Gallagher S, Flurkey WH: A spectrophotometric assay for laccase using o-tolidine. Doc? J Food Biochem. 1997, 21: 445-459. 10.1111/j.1745-4514.1997.tb00199.x. 10.1111/j.1745-4514.1997.tb00199.x View ArticleGoogle Scholar Endo K, Hayashi Y, Hibi T, Hosono K, Beppu T, Ueda K: Enzymological characterization of an effective scholarship essay, EpoA, a laccase-like phenol oxidase produced by Streptomyces griseus . J Biochem.

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Google Scholar Jasinska A, Rozalska S, Bernat P, Paraszkiewicz K, Dlugonski J: Malachite green decolorization by non-basidiomycete filamentous fungi of Penicillium pinophilum and services influential person Myrothecium roridum . Int Biodeterior Biodegrad. 2012, 73: 33-40. View ArticleGoogle Scholar Parshetti G, Kalme S, Saratale G, Govindwar S: Biodegradation of malachite green by Kocuria rosea MTCC 1532. Acta Chimica Slovenica. 2006, 53: 492-498. Editing Symbols? Google Scholar Cheriaa J, Khaireddine M, Rouabhia M, Bakhrouf A: Removal of triphenylmethane dyes by bacterial consortium. Sci World J. Buy Written Xerox? 2012, 2012: 512454- View ArticleGoogle Scholar Garcia O, Camarero S, Colom JF, Martinez AT, Martinez MJ, Monje R, Vidal T: Optimization of a laccase-mediator stage for Essay editing TCF bleaching of flax pulp. Holzforschung. 2003, 57: 513-519. Buy Written Paper Xerox? View ArticleGoogle Scholar Papinutti VL, Forchiassin F: Modification of malachite green by Fomes sclerodermeus and reduction of toxicity to Phanerochaete chrysosporium . FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2004, 231: 205-209.

10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00957-1 View ArticleGoogle Scholar Schuster E, Dunn-Coleman N, Frisvad JC, Van Dijck PW: On the safety of Aspergillus niger –a review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2002, 59: 426-435. Essay Editing Symbols? 10.1007/s00253-002-1032-6 View ArticleGoogle Scholar Vazquez E, Corchero JL, Villaverde A: Post-production protein stability: trouble beyond the cell factory. Microb Cell Fact. 2011, 10: 60-, 10.1186/1475-2859-10-60 View ArticleGoogle Scholar Tamayo-Ramos JA, Barends S, de Lange D, de Jel A, Verhaert R, de Graaff L: Enhanced production of Aspergillus niger laccase-like multicopper oxidases through mRNA optimization of the glucoamylase expression system.

Biotechnol Bioeng. 2013, 110: 543-551. 10.1002/bit.24723 View ArticleGoogle Scholar van der Veen D, Oliveira JM, van den Berg WA, de Graaff LH: Analysis of variance components reveals the How to scholarship comparison contribution of sample processing to transcript variation. Editing Symbols Doc? Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009, 75: 2414-2422. 10.1128/AEM.02270-08 View ArticleGoogle Scholar Montersino S, van Berkel WJ: Functional annotation and characterization of an effective essay comparison, 3–hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase from Rhodococcus jostii RHA1. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012, 1824: 433-442. 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.12.003 View ArticleGoogle Scholar. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an editing symbols, Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Help Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Oral Presentations: Tips on How to Deliver a Speech for School or Work. This document briefly describes how to write and deliver a formal oral presentation on an academic or professional subject. Doc! It should be useful for anyone who wants to know how to speak in public. Note: by “formal presentation,” I don’t necessarily mean a Shakespeare monologue or a scientific treatise on article robot-assisted microsurgery. Giving an oral presentation on any subject–your favorite book, current events, a family story–can be “formal” and Essay editing symbols doc, “technical” whenever its primary purpose is to communicate complex information. The content is the most obvious component of writing, any oral presentation — after all, if you are talking, you had better have something worthwhile to say. Essay Editing Doc! But a presentation is only as effective as its delivery . Part 1: Planning the Stats homework answers vistas Content. 1. Determine your goals. Part 2: Delivering the doc Content. 6. Make eye contact with your audience.

9. Watch the time! 1) Determine Your Goals as a Speaker. Good speakers usually aim to look like they are speaking effortlessly, tossing off words as they come to mind. What you don’t see is the College essay preparation that paved the way for the polished performance. It’s all an act! You can do it too, if you plan ahead.

Once you know what your goal is, and you know what your audience wants, you can start strategizing. There is no single strategy that will guarantee success. Essay Editing Doc! How you plan depends on many variables. How many minutes long is your speech? About how many words do you speak per minute? Will your audience be lost if you use jargon? Will they feel talked down to if you spend time defining terms they already know? Do you expect that your audience will disagree with you? (If so, you might need to Stats homework answers, give more examples and more evidence and spend more time addressing reasonable objections in order to Essay editing symbols doc, sound convincing, which may mean talking a little faster.)

Do you expect your audience already agrees with the position you will take? (If so, they may check out Help with writing article, if your speech simply rehashes arguments they already accept without question. Editing Symbols! What can you say to an audience that already agrees with you? Why would you listen to vistas, a speaker who is Essay editing, restating things you already accept as the truth?) Graphics, inspirational quotations, and anecdotes are all well-respected methods of maintaining audience interest. College Essay Influential Person! However, images of editing symbols doc, Dilbert and The Far Side , fancy computer transitions between slides, and Nursing thesis statement, vaudeville tricks get old pretty quickly (see Don McMillan’s hilarious “Death by Powerpoint“), and they eat up time that you could use more effectively. Remember that your audience wants your conclusions . Many, many speakers spend too much time on background, which forces them to rush through their final statements. Essay Symbols! Rehearse your explanations of Nursing thesis statement, charts and diagrams , your demonstrations of Essay editing doc, software, or your visits to web pages just as thoroughly as your introductory and concluding statements. When you “wing it”, you will tend to eat up too much time. Xerox! Know the Essay editing symbols venue . Find out how to College essay services person, shut off the editing symbols lights, to lower the screen, to Buy written xerox, focus the overhead projector, etc.

Prepare for disasters . Symbols! The network may crash, your monitor may start to flicker, or you may drop your notes. These things happen. Thesis! Prepare a low-tech backup — overhead projections or paper handouts, a discussion question to engage the audience, whatever. The internet is editing doc, of course full of examples of good speeches, but the YouTube users who vote on videos may not have much in common with the essay services person audience who will hear your oral presentation. Do you have access to editing doc, speeches that your discourse community values? Your instructor or supervisor may not have ready access to video recordings from last year’s class or last quarter’s budget meeting, but you can pay attention to the speaking techniques deployed by people with authority in your field.

For instance, I have a colleague who never says, “This is taking too long, and write an effective, I’m watching the clock, so let’s get on with it already.” Instead, this person says, “I’m conscious of everyone’s time, so shall we move on to the next item?” Bear in mind that. if you have been assigned to deliver a speech that defends a position on a topic (such as, whether Huckleberry Finn should be taught in middle school)… but your instructor usually refrains from stating any one answer is the best (preferring instead to Essay, present several viewpoints and College services person, letting the editing symbols doc students decide for writing article themselves)… then your instructor’s open-ended lecture (intended to spark a discussion) is editing, not a good model of a position statement (intended to showcase your ability to latch onto a specific solution). While this handout aims to provide general tips, you should ignore any general tip that contradicts something specific you learn about the thesis statement goals, context, or genre of the specific speech you are preparing. Successful oral presentations typically share some basic characteristics, owing to doc, the nature of the homework spoken word. Tell them what you’re going to tell them. Tell them. Tell them what you told them.

When we read, we can go back and reread passages we skimmed over the first time, and we can skip ahead when we’re bored. In a live oral presentation, the audience can’t re-read or skip ahead. If the audience doesn’t know why they are listening to your anecdote about winning the spelling bee, or why they should care what version of the software was installed on the computer that you used to crunch your numbers, their attention will wander and Essay editing symbols doc, it will be hard to get it back. When we listen, we gratefully cling to orientation phrases that help us understand what the whole shape of a speech is, where we are within the overall structure, and when we are transitioning from one section to another. Your specific occasion for delivering a speech may involve specific contextual details that don’t mesh with the general advice I’m providing here.

Introduction : I am Pinky J. Witzowitz from the U.S. Department of College services influential person, Bureaucracy, and I have been asked to speak for editing doc 20 minutes on How to write an effective 'The Government's Plan for editing symbols doc Preventing Situation X in write comparison, America's Heartland.' Grabber Situation X is the worst thing that can happen to you and your family. Editing! [ Startling claim ; follow up by citing the How to write scholarship essay source of this quote, or giving evidence that supports it.] It happened once to a family in Essay symbols doc, Dubuque, and Help a newspaper article, they were never heard from again. [ Anecdote ; follow up with details.] I am here today to tell you how to prevent this terrible tragedy from striking you. [ Demonstrates relevance ; move directly to your road map ] Main Content : Put up a slide with topics to cover, a specific problem to Essay editing symbols, solve, or a series of questions to answer. Promise that your talk will address the material on that slide. You might even return to that slide each time you start a new subsection, with the current place in the talk highlighted. “Recruiting Volunteers for Organization Y.”

What is Situation X? Why should I care about Situation X? What factors contribute to can't, Situation X? What can I do to avoid Situation X? Finally, what is the U.S. Department of Bureaucracy doing about Essay editing symbols doc, Situation X? What is the present state of our volunteer corps? What are our most involved volunteers like? How can we attract more of these kinds of can't, people? Should we try to make Organization Y attractive to Essay editing symbols, other kinds of people as well? Volunteering in the new millennium. Questions/Comments from the Audience? Even though most people save the question period until the end, they lose the opportunity to modify their conclusion to Nursing thesis statement, address the interests of the audience. Conclusion : Demonstrate how your presentation leads back to the theme you introduced via the “grabber”. Editing Doc! Recap : Our earnest “Situation X” speaker might give microencapsulated answers to thesis statement, all the questions on editing the main road map: We have learned that Situation X is influential person, a blah blah blah; that we should all care about Essay editing symbols doc, it because yada, yada, yada.

Wrap it up : After reminding the audience how all these factors fit together, the speaker might say, Now that you understand how the U.S. Nursing Statement! Department of Bureaucracy helps you keep Situation X out of your life, please take one of our pamphlets home to doc, your family and put it by the telephone where you can get it in an emergency; your family will thank you. Invite Questions : If there is time, and if you haven’t already done so. 4) Arrange with Your Strongest Points First. In rare cases — such as when you are facing a hostile audience, you might want to start out by emphasizing where you agree with your audience, and then carefully working your way towards your most divisive, most daring claims. But usually, you should make your strongest points first. (While an online handout is not the same thing as a speech, I tried to follow this principle by at least listing all 10 of my oral presentation tips at the top of the page, before I went into details about any one tip.) Introductions and background sections are boring . Nursing! Don’t waste everyone’s time by giving us an entire lab report, or by dropping the names of all the authors you’ve consulted, or by reading word-for-word what you’ve written on the slide. Editing Doc! A 15-minute speech that devotes 12 minutes to How to an effective scholarship essay comparison, establishing that the speaker has prepared adequately (describing experimental procedures or summarizing background readings) but only 3 minutes presenting and Essay editing symbols, analyzing original results of write an effective scholarship essay, all this effort has missed the point. Get to the point . An oral presentation is not a timed essay test , in which you get points for spewing out Essay editing, as many details as possible. Most people in your audience probably won’t care how much your rats weighted, or what brand oscilloscope you used, or what version of Buy written paper, MATLAB is editing symbols, running on your computer. Use the essay to buy question period wisely. Editing Symbols! When have lots of dry details, but you’re not sure your audience will care about them, you can always say “I can give more details if you like, but here’s the main point.” If anybody really wants to Stats homework answers, know all the details, let them raise their hand and Essay editing symbols, ask you . If the question is actually important to your talk, you’ll probably be able to answer right away.

If you can’t answer right away, or you don’t want to take the time, just promise you’ll follow up via e-mail , and then go right back to your presentation. Help Article! Most audience members will probably have been annoyed by the interruption. They will be delighted that you didn’t take the questioner’s bait . Essay Editing Doc! Give a “Take-Home Message” What is the Buy written paper xerox one thing you want your audience to remember ? Many speakers close their talks with a slide bearing a “Take-Home Message.” Comedian Don Novello’s character Fr. Guido Sarducci pitches the “Five Minute University,” which was supposed to teach you everything that the Essay editing symbols average college graduate remembers, five years after graduating. The entire economics course was “supply and demand.” If you can boil your whole presentation down into one clear “take-home message,” your audience will have an easier time remembering your point. College Essay To Buy! (And if they remember it, they are more likely to be influenced by it.) Set a timer, and symbols, deliver your speech to a willing co-worker or family member, your pet fish, or the bathroom mirror.

My students are often surprised at how hard it is to fill up 3 minutes for an informal practice speech early in the term, and thesis statement, how hard it is to fit everything they want to say into a 10-minute formal speech later in editing doc, the term. Once you have the right amount of content, make a video recording of yourself practicing. If you plan to show a video clip, or ad-lib an explanation of a diagram, or load a website, or pass out scholarship, paper handouts, or saw an assistant in half, actually do it while the camera is rolling, so that you know exactly how much time it takes. Script out a powerful introduction and conclusion. Know how long each section of your speech should take. Decide in advance: which example or anecdote you will cut if you are running long? what additional example you can introduce if you need to fill time? If you know your conclusion takes you 90 seconds to deliver, make sure to editing symbols, start your conclusion when you have at least 90 seconds left. At several key points during your speech, maybe while you are playing a video or while the audience is College essay services influential person, taking in a complex image, glance at the clock and check to see — are you on track? If you notice you’re starting Section 3 60 seconds later than you had intended, try to make up for symbols doc time by rushing through your second example in section 3 and scholarship essay, cutting the third example in section 4, so that you still have the full 90 seconds at Essay editing the end to answers, deliver that powerful conclusion. Do you know how to connect your computer to the overhead projector? (If you don’t know, who does?) What will you do if you can’t get your computer connected to symbols doc, the projector? (Back in Stats homework, 2003, when I applied for my current job at Essay editing symbols Seton Hill University, I was asked to Buy written paper xerox, give a teaching demonstration.

I couldn’t get my laptop to work with the overhead projector, but I had posted the most important links on my blog, and I had brought along a printout of my speech, just in case. My preparations have paid off, because I got the job.) In the room where you will be speaking, will you be using a microphone, or relying on your unamplified voice? Will you be able to walk around with the microphone — perhaps to Essay editing doc, gesture at Nursing statement details in Essay editing symbols doc, the slides — or is the mic attached to a stand? (Do you need to College essay influential person, borrow a laser pointer, or get a volunteer to advance slides for you?) 6) Make Eye Contact With Your Audience. I once sat through a four-hour training session, during which this was all I could see of the symbols doc instructor.

Go ahead and write your whole speech out Nursing thesis, so you can read robotically if you blank out, but you should practice your speech so you know it well enough that you can glance up from your notes and look at your audience as you speak. Pay attention to the audience, and they will pay attention to you. If you spend your energy worrying about what you’re supposed to Essay editing, say next, you won’t be able to pay attention to whether the College services influential person audience can hear you, or whether the overhead projections are focused. Set up before the audience files into their seats. If you have scheduled a presentation for a class, don’t sit in your seat like a lump while your professor calls the roll and hands out papers. Few things are more boring than watching a presenter log into the computer, fiddle with the video data projector, hunt around for the light switches, etc.

As the audience files into their seats, have a title card displayed on Essay editing symbols the screen — or at least write your name and an effective essay, the title of your talk on editing symbols doc a blackboard. In a formal setting, usually a moderator will usually introduce you, so you won’t need to repeat everything the Buy written xerox moderator says. Avoid canned introductions like “Principal Burch, members of the faculty, and fellow students, we are gathered here today…” If it’s likely that many people in your audience use the same social media network, consider encouraging them to post their thoughts there. When you introduce yourself, give your social media handle and suggest a hashtag. Consider distributing handouts that present the basic facts (names, dates, timelines) and your main points. You can keep the conclusion just slightly mysterious, if you don’t want to give everything away immediately, but the idea is to free the audience from the feeling that they have to write everything down themselves. Essay Editing Symbols Doc! (Note: Simply printing up all the overhead slides wastes a lot of College to buy, paper.)

Grab the attention of your audience with a startling fact or claim, an inspiring quotation, or a revealing anecdote. This is Essay editing symbols, not the time to try out your nightclub act; the “grabber” is not just comic relief, it also helps you set up the College essay influential problem that you are going to address. Essay Symbols! If the College essay can't audience will be diverse and Essay editing, general, you can use the statement “grabber” as a metaphor, helping the audience see why the topic is so important to Essay editing symbols doc, you, and how it might be important to them, too. If your audience shares your technical specialty, and thus needs no special introduction to Help with writing a newspaper, the topic, feel free simply to state your purpose without much to-do; but bear in mind that even technical audiences don’t want to be bored. Once you have established the problem or the main point of your talk, let the audience know how you are going to get to a solution. You might put up a series of Essay editing, questions on Nursing thesis a slide, then as your talk progresses, proceed to answer each one. You might break each question down into Essay editing symbols doc a series of homework vistas, smaller questions, and answer each one of these in Essay symbols, turn. Each time you finish a subsection, return to the road map, to help your audience keep track of College essay, where you have been and editing doc, where you are going.

To give your presentation closure, return to the “grabber”, and extend it, modify it, or otherwise use it to Buy written paper xerox, help drive home your main point. Recap your main points, and demonstrate how they all fit together into a thought that the audience members can take with them. Don’t read word-for-word with your nose buried in a stack of papers . If you bother to show up to hear a person speak, how do you feel when the speaker mumbles through page after page of written text? Do you feel you should have just asked for a copy of the paper in Essay symbols doc, the mail? When you present, make every effort to statement, include your audience; after all, they are the Essay editing reason you are speaking in the first place. If you do feel that you must write out College to buy, your speech word-for-word, you should be familiar enough with it that you don’t need to look at the paper all the time. (And hold the page up when you glance at it, rather than bending down to look at editing symbols it.) Your slides should present an abbreviated version of the content (not just the bare framework) of your talk. If you begin with a slide that lists a series of topics or questions, your audience will expect the rest of your talk to work through that list in more detail (just as this web page began with a list of How to write essay, tips, then followed up with details about each tip.)

If each page throws up more lists, your talk will seem random. Larry Lessig (an ethicist, open-source culture activist, and politician) has developed a very sparse PowerPoint style that assists his spoken voice. His slides sometimes contain just a single word, and he times the doc slides so that the written words (and occasional images) emphasize the spoken words. (See: Lessig Presentation style.) Rather than a slide labeled “Introduction,” ask a question that actually introduces some idea. Rather than a slide labeled “Case Study 1,” give a startling fact from the case study. By the time you get to the end of the slide, we will already probably be liking cat pictures on Instagram. The people in your audience probably see dozens of Nursing, slide shows every month. They want to evaluate your ideas. Proving that you can select a cool transition from Essay editing symbols doc, a drop-down list is not going to earn you any points or win you a contract. To help pace yourself, at Stats homework vistas the top of Essay symbols doc, each page of your notes, write down what time it should be ; as you turn each page, you can glance at essay the clock and see whether you are on track. (The first time I gave this advice to a technical writing class, I mimed the editing symbols doc action of “looking at the clock” — and noticed that I was running ten minutes behind, eating into vistas time that I had promised to a student for an in-class testing session.

That was a rather humbling experience!) See the “preparation” section above. If you have already practiced your speech and timed out the various sections, you’ll know whether you are running long. Editing Symbols! If you are, don’t talk faster — cut something that you already marked out as optional. Decide in advance which examples, which anecdotes, which subsections you can drop, without damaging the whole presentation. I was at a conference in College essay, 1998 where the first speaker talked for 40 minutes — double her allotted time. (Why the moderator allowed this is editing symbols, a mystery to me.) None of the other speakers on the panel felt like cutting their talks to Help with writing a newspaper, compensate. The result was that the last scheduled speaker — who had paid for an international plane ticket and a week in symbols, a hotel — did not get to speak at all.

10) Take questions in an effective essay comparison, the middle, not at the end? The benefits include: If you spark a good Q A session, your audience will remember and appreciate it. If nobody has any questions, you can just fill up the space with more of your own material . That would be much harder to do if you have already wrapped up your talk and had nothing left to say. If you really know your material, you can adjust your conclusion to address the questions raised by the audience.

Even if someone in the audience steals a little of your thunder by Essay editing doc, bringing up points you were saving for your big finish, you will appear smart for having predicted that audience response. At the same time, someone in your audience will feel smart for having anticipated what you were going to say. Dennis G. Jerz , 01/27/2009 07:24:28. Oct, 1999 — first written. 03 Dec, 2000 — posted here. 03 June 2003 — tweaked and updated. 30 Oct 2011 — updated and added video links. 31 May 2016 — major update; separated into “preparation” and “presentation” sections. Many writers have no trouble summarizing the content of a conversation or repeating facts, but they they freeze up when asked to formulate a theory or critique an argument. Essay To Buy! Jerz and Bauer.

44 thoughts on “ Oral Presentations: Tips on How to Deliver a Speech for School or Work ” This really helped me prepare my oral presentation…thanks very much. thank you for the great tip, but my problem is actually that I have a presentation on ‘All About Me’ and editing doc, I have to write an effective, keep the doc audience ‘engaged’ like by making a guessing game or something. If anyone has any other ideas please help!! it was quite helpful. i love this helpful tips of oral presentation.. hope to visit this again or i just make a hard copy of this… thank you very much for that… Really helpful! Thank you. This really helps to prepare for all sort of write scholarship essay comparison, things, Thanks. Nice tips….i think it will help me. but it’s too lengthy,it takes so much of Essay, time to College essay to buy, read. Yeah!

I found it quite impressive. Editing Symbols Doc! I hope it’z gonna be helpful for Nursing thesis statement me to develop my speech techniques. really well writen loved how you added steps so its easy to follow clear easily can be understaned and really helps us and Essay editing symbols doc, gives us tips that we should actually think about and use at times. I have to do a presentation about “Importance of learning English”. There are 6 people in my group including myself.

The presentation has to be exactly 8 minutes. We can’t use PowerPoint. Can you give us any unique, memorable and creative idea? What are some lessons or life experiences that you find unique and memorable? I’d probably do a play, with a character who gets into statement trouble because he/she doesn’t know English, and then has a chance to correct those problems by demonstrating how learning English can fix the problems. Hello mr.Dennis,I go straight to it.how can I become the most sought after Master of Ceremony(M.C.)/tv show presenter extra-ordinaire in my country before going international?any useful tips? Sorry, that question is doc, not something I cover on this page.

thanks you are good. love it really helped. this isn’t helping me with how nervous I am!! bye!! this is a helpfull site. wow!!this are really helpfull stuff..but im just not confident enough to stand infront of all those people..wish i could do it without them looking at me. blind fold them! just joking…I’m getting ready to do mine and I’m having the same problem as you. that is such good information and i believe im going to pass my speeches.

Thank you heaps this really helped a lot. i have a question i am supposed to give a speech but it has to Stats, have a power point or a drama thing the only problem is Essay, that i can’t have a power point because it won’t work into my speech and neither will a drama thing what should i do? I suggest you talk to whoever set up the requirement for homework answers vistas a slideshow/drama component. Maybe there is some flexibility, or maybe you’ll find a way to symbols doc, work that component into your speech. I suppose to give out a presentation on answers Monday on someone or something in either an athlete or an Essay symbols doc actor and I don’t know how to to buy, start.

Thanks a lot I have learned so much on this. I have learned a lot on this…thanks. Very helpful for my presentation. Thanks! The tips are totally handy until now I am still applying it.

That’s great… It will work well for those who are aiming for like me. Thanks! Enter your comment here…Thanks a lot… I will follow your instructions..I’m hopeful those tips will work. .. Thanks once again…. Thanks so much will follow your instruction tomorrow where I will be having presentation with 180 Head masters about suplimetary feeding on symbols doc their hunger striken ares. Yeah ,thanks and good luck to all of Stats vistas, you from editing, a powerful Jamaican girl. This sort of helped.

I going to essay, do minute presentation and Essay symbols doc, my topic is My son. what is a best tips to paper xerox, talk about the this topic. I am not sure where to symbols, start. Any tips to Buy written xerox, help me with. I going to do 3 minute presentation and my topic is My son. what is a best tips to talk about the this topic. I am not sure where to start. Any tips to help me with.

Is that the Essay symbols doc topic you were assigned? Are you taking a public speaking class, a child development class, a class in with writing a newspaper, writing personal memoirs, or are you learning English as a second language? I don’t know how your instructor will evaluate your work, so I am not sure how to help. You might find it useful to editing symbols doc, look at this handout on xerox writing personal essays. Symbols Doc! http://jerz.setonhill.edu/writing/creative1/personal-essays/ Thanks.

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Jan 27, 2018 Essay editing symbols doc, write my essay, paper -

10 English Phrases to symbols Express Your Opinion in an Essay. College Essay Services Influential. This is symbols a guest post by Sam Pealing. Make sure to visit his website EnglishForStudy.com for with more academic English help! I admire international students. Essay Editing. Seriously. If you’re a non-native English speaker doing a degree or doctorate in thesis English, then I take my hat off to you. I get a lot of questions about writing essays, and I’ve taught hundreds of students how to write effective essays (which get good grades). One of the most common mistakes that I see is a lack of editing opinion. Most of the time, students describe a situation, but they don’t give their opinion or stance. Nursing Statement. This can really damage your grade because lecturers are always looking for ‘critical thinking’.

If you don’t give your opinion in your essays, your lecturers can’t see your critical thinking. To put it simply: If you don’t put your opinion or stance in Essay symbols an essay, then you’ll probably lose marks. In this article, you’ll learn 10 effective phrases that you can use to College give your opinion in your essay. I’ve also created a free lesson pack which will help you to Essay editing doc practice the College can't, phrases in this article. CLICK HERE to editing symbols doc download it. If you’re looking for Help a newspaper a quick fix for your essay, these phrases should help you to start putting your own opinions in your essays. But, before you rush over to your essays to doc start putting these phrases in, there’s something you need to know. If you’re writing an academic essay, you will need to support your opinions with strong evidence . This is especially true if you are using some of the stronger phrases. This evidence can be a journal article, a lecture, a textbook, or something else which is a trustworthy source of information.

In a more informal essay, like one in Nursing statement an IELTS or TOEFL language test, you don’t need to support your answers with strong evidence. Essay Doc. Your experiences or opinions will be enough. Quick note : I know! You’re ready to see the phrases. This won’t take long and it’s really important. 1. For these phrases to homework be really effective, you’ll need to review your grammar. Essay Symbols. Shayna has some great videos on Nursing thesis her Espresso English Youtube channel . I recommend these: 2. Essay Doc. If you want to can't know the Essay editing doc, structure of a good essay paragraph, check my post here . These phrases are suitable for language tests such as TOEFL or IELTS. In an Buy written paper, academic essay, these phrases will probably be too informal because they are too personal. In my opinion , a good education is more important than a good car. I believe that schools should encourage students to walk or cycle to school rather than drive. “ In my mind , no-one should have to pay for medical care.” More Formal Academic Phrases With ‘That’ These phrases are more suitable for academic essays.

If you are unsure whether you should use an Essay editing symbols, informal phrase or an Buy written, academic phrase, use an Essay editing doc, academic one. If you think your writing might be informal, read this post to learn more. The patterns here are quite straightforward. Just add your sentence after ‘that’. “It would seem that + [your sentence]” Use this when you support your opinion with evidence. “ It would seem that children learn best when they are feeling comfortable.” “It could be argued that + [your sentence]” Use this when you want to challenge an existing opinion. With. “ It could be argued that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks in this situation.” “This suggests that + [your sentence]” Use this when you don’t want to editing symbols fully commit to an opinion. You’re giving yourself some distance. Nursing Thesis Statement. “ The evidence suggests that people who speak more than one language have more job opportunities.”

Use this when you are confident with your opinion. Symbols Doc. This phrase is essay services influential person quite strong* “ This proves that the best way to lose weight is through a controlled diet and a good exercise program.” “This supports the editing symbols doc, idea that + [your sentence]” Use this one when you are supporting an opinion that you have already made. To Buy. “ This new research supports the idea that successful English learners look for opportunities to use English.” “Although [idea you disagree with], [idea you agree with]” Use this when you want make your opinion seem balanced. “ Although reports suggest that cigarettes could help people to lose weight, there are too many serious health problems associated with smoking.” Note: The ‘ although’ pattern is Essay editing symbols doc very effective because it shows two sides of the argument. In the example, I support the idea that smoking is essay comparison bad for your health –BUT- I recognise that it could have some benefits. Structure your ‘ although’ sentence like this: Although, [weaker argument you disagree with], [stronger argument you agree with]. Using Adverbs, Adjectives and Nouns. You can use adjectives to show your opinion. The adjective and nouns in the example are negative . You can get some good ideas from this video on Essay editing symbols Extreme Adjectives . Note: try not to with a newspaper article use any emotional adjectives . Of course, these phrases aren’t the only ones that you can use! You can find more or you can create your own by combining different patterns. Here’s an Essay, example of #7, #9 and #10 used together. “Although it is difficult for older adults to learn a second language, an important study by Smith (2014) proved that the essay, elderly can successfully learn new languages.” So now you should have a better idea of Essay editing symbols how to include more opinions in your essays.

But that’s not all; there are probably some new words here that you don’t know. So here’s what you should do: Choose three of the opinion expressions and phrases that you want to try. Practice writing sentences using them (if you don’t have a topic, try this: should students do homework? You can see examples of this in Nursing thesis the lesson pack ) Get the Lesson Pack for this lesson (which contains the Essay editing symbols, vocabulary and the phrases from this lesson) CLICK HERE to download it . Sam Pealing is an Stats homework answers vistas, English language coach who specialises in two important areas: 1. helping you to get great grades at university, and 2. helping you to become an effective and confident English user. If you’re feeling frustrated or confused with English, Sam has created the perfect email course for you! You can join his course here –or- you can read more by Essay editing symbols, him on English For Study .

Jan 27, 2018 Essay editing symbols doc, write my essay -

essay of e.s.l class A great variety in symbols student populations seems to be the norm in our college writing classes, and ESL (English as a Second Language) students constitute a small but significant number of this population. While the faculty teaching college writing recognize that these student writers are somehow distinct, they may perhaps expect these learners who have completed the College ESL program to produce writing that is indistinguishable from that of their native peers. Given the nature of second-language acquisition, the truth is, as Tony Silva says, these learners still bring with them “distinct strategies for Nursing thesis statement, learning and Essay doc writing,” and Stats answers are still in Essay symbols doc the process of learning the language (Silva, 1997, p. Paper Xerox? 359). Hence, the question of how to work with these writers and their writing remains an urgent and important matter, particularly because the majority of faculty teaching college writing are not ESL instructors, and therefore not familiar with these writers’ unique characteristics. Essay Editing Symbols Doc? If we are to help these students overcome their feeling of being “strangers,” and enable them to make a smooth transition and statement successfully complete their college writing classes, then we need to understand who these ESL writers are and how their sociocultural and linguistic backgrounds affect their writing. We also need to base our approach to working with these students on a body of knowledge about the process of language learning. Who are our ESL writers? What is their sociocultural background?

ESL writers in college classes belong to the following groups: a) those who are highly educated in editing their native languages, and are recent immigrants to this country seeking to major in a chosen curriculum and establish careers; b) visiting international students who wish to return to their country after completing their chosen program of study; c) students of “generation 1.5,” who, having been educated in this country, are fluent in spoken English but not proficient in written English. All three groups have been through the ESL program in Stats homework the College after being appropriately placed in the different tiers in the ESL program. What the above-mentioned three groups have in common is that they are all trying to learn a second language to perform higher order academic tasks within a short period of time. What makes it more difficult for some of these students is editing, their linguistic backgrounds. For example, we have students from Asian, Middle Eastern, and Nursing African countries whose languages differ completely in terms of Essay, script, syntax, and lexicon when compared to English. Therefore, even though they have studied and learned the grammar, syntax, and lexicon in the ESL program, their linguistic backgrounds still influence their writing. Another important factor to xerox, consider is the cultural affect and alternate rhetoric that they bring into the mainstream classes. Even though a majority of editing doc, them have been in the USA for a few years, they are still immersed in their cultural values and writing styles. Many come from cultures where the “teacher” is the paper, sole authority, and have been taught to speak only when spoken to.

Therefore, voluntarily participating and expressing their opinions or seeking clarifications in editing symbols a classroom goes against their cultural norm, and they often choose to be “rare contributors.” Some cultures do not value stating one’s intent and purpose directly in writing and believe that quoting authority makes for impressive writing. In addition to vistas, these cultural factors, students also enter these mainstream classes with the “I can’t write or speak English well” syndrome, since they realize that they will be competing with native speakers. This results in intimidation, and the apprehension that their peers and Essay teachers may reject their utterances and writing due to Buy written xerox, their distinct ESL quality. An Approach to Sentence-level Errors. To be sure, ESL students do a lot to improve their writing skills, as do native speakers of English. Editing Symbols? ESL students analyze model readings, answer questions for understanding different texts and their organizational methods of Nursing thesis statement, development, and complete vocabulary and grammar development exercises. They also engage in pre-writing activities, writing groups, and revision work. Furthermore, they sign up for individual teacher conferences and editing symbols doc Lab tutoring to go over the strengths and weaknesses of their compositions. Still, even though many of write an effective essay comparison, these students progress quite nicely with their writing, there are some students who show uneasiness about their chances of successfully completing their college course work while making errors with the language.

As ESL teachers, we try to editing symbols doc, allay their fears. Some of the errors of advanced, college-level ESL students are quite predictable and violate rule-governed categories. For these students and for their teachers, a good ESL grammar handbook or even most ESL advanced grammar textbooks will provide explanations of the rules. Unfortunately for the students, however, many errors are mis-selections of features of arbitrary categories of English grammar or violate rules so complex that it almost seems necessary to be a native speaker in order just to understand the rule, let alone apply it (Leki, 1992, p. 112). Understanding the write an effective scholarship, sources of errors has a practical relevance.

Such information can help faculty to editing, consider our judgments about the errors in question, as well as what to teach and emphasize in the limited time available in the language classroom. In the interest of efficiency and practicality, what seems especially important is to teach students not to make errors that are causing the most comprehension problems. Helping ESL students address the with writing article, errors that most seriously and frequently affect others’ comprehension of their writing will allow more attention to be focused on a larger and more important goal— communication. Below is editing symbols, a sentence from an paper xerox ESL student’s in-class essay about a short story in editing symbols doc English 098, an answers advanced writing course for non-native speakers of English. Under the sentence, there is commentary regarding the targeted errors and possible revisions that could be discussed with the student during a conference session. Editing? Given the time constraints of an in-class writing assignment, the student’s errors here may be a result of paying more attention to content than linguistic detail. “They only invited the College services, children that are rich to see their doll house and disinclude the Kelveys who are poor.” Discussion would first revolve around the inconsistent verb tenses, which can be distracting and confusing, and may be due in editing symbols doc this case to a lack of focus and/or confusion about the Help with writing, literary convention of describing fictional events in Essay editing the present tense. Also, there is the misuse of the prefix “dis.” Usage of this prefix with common words such “agree” and “like” possibly led the student to use it with “include.” Unfortunately, not all verbs carry this prefix, and generalizing here led to error. Next for an effective essay comparison, discussion would be how the determination as to whether a clause is restrictive or nonrestrictive controls punctuation. Revision 1: They only invited the children that were rich to see their dollhouse and did not include the Kelveys, who were poor. (narrative stance)

Revision 2: They only invite the children that are rich to see their dollhouse and do not include the Kelveys, who are poor. (conventional stance) Learning the English Lexicon. Language learning, in addition to leaning about sentence structure, is to a great extent a matter of learning about a set of vocabulary items, a lexicon. The lexicon, or the “mental dictionary” of Essay editing doc, a speaker or learner of a language, consists of individual words known by the speaker, along with a great volume of associated information about pronunciation, meaning, relationship between forms of the same word, grammatical information (such as what grammatical role the word can play in a sentence), and collocations (groups of words that frequently occur together, or that change their meanings when they are combined). How To? The complexity of lexical learning and its connection to pronunciation, grammar, spelling rules, etc., is an area of Essay symbols, language learning that may not always receive the attention it deserves. Distinguishing Learning and College to buy Acquisition. The engine that produces the bulk of new linguistic knowledge is Essay editing, language use that is meaning-focused and that allows users to College essay services, engage both receptively and responsively. (Many writers refer to this somewhat occult, subconscious process as language “acquisition.”) In the process of Essay doc, acquisition, it is the focus on write, tasks outside of language itself, tasks with an inherent value or purpose, which produces the necessary raw language material that enables one to use a language fluently and editing symbols accurately. We refer to Stats vistas, examples of language that can serve as this raw material as language “input.” One way of seeing the role of a teacher is as a provider of “input” that is at just the right level for students to make the next steps in their language development. This long-term process of Essay editing doc, language acquisition seems miraculous at times, but it is not always efficient; it cannot allow learners to know all that they need to know in the span of one lifetime.

Indeed, acquisition needs to be supplemented by language “learning,” a conscious process of coming to know items and rules that are brought to the attention of learners, often by a teacher. This “learned” knowledge, the kind we’re used to imparting directly as teachers, can only be applied in a minority of situations. It is used for an effective, editing, revising, or correcting utterances that are generated more or less automatically. Editing Symbols Doc? Note 1. An implication of the learning/acquisition distinction is that in Stats homework some cases, including learning a lexicon, it is most effective for learners to wait for language ability to develop over the long run, and focus on reading and writing as communication rather than as rule-based instruction. We can be sure that most knowledge of the lexicon will come from editing symbols extensive reading, discussion, and paper xerox writing.Note 2 Acknowledging an acquisition/learning distinction also may have other implications: 1 . Since acquisition takes so long, a great deal of this meaning-focused study and work should take place before entering credit composition courses. Not everyone has had enough exposure to English over time to be ready for college writing. 2 . Even the most successful language learners will be characterized by editing doc a necessarily incomplete, but on-going, process of How to an effective scholarship essay comparison, learning a lexicon during the symbols doc, course of their lives. This process is Nursing thesis, always incomplete because, ironically, the Essay editing symbols, majority of individual English lexical items are of very low frequency; the chance of encountering a low-frequency item repeatedly in a meaningful context in a short period of time is very small.

3 . When they are in College influential credit composition courses, students might benefit from the existence of a distinction between writing situations that are designed for the learning of vocabulary (that is, early drafts in which students focus on meaning and are free to take risks with words they do not know well) and those that are designed for the display of their lexical and other knowledge (that is, later drafts for Essay editing symbols, grades, test, etc.) 4 . If a grammatical rule can be easily and succinctly explained, it’s a promising candidate for explicit teaching. 5 . Teachers and scholarship essay students might benefit from prioritizing which words are targeted for deeper lexical knowledge. One way of prioritizing is to distinguish the 20,000 or so “families” of words known by Essay symbols doc educated native speakers of English according to the contexts in which they are seen and How to essay used. For instance, we know that over three quarters of the running words (“tokens”) in editing doc academic writing consist of the most common 2,000 words. Note 3 (Over 70% are typically from the 1,000 most common!) If students and teachers focus on deep knowledge of these 2,000 words, the chances of producing writing that gives an impression of accuracy go up considerably. Beyond this, recent work on College essay influential, vocabulary has revealed that there is an even smaller, but crucially important, set of editing doc, word families consisting of words that are not “common,” and are used in a variety of academic disciplines. These word families are neither technical words (restricted to a particular discipline) nor commonly encountered words. Deep knowledge of these items might be an with a newspaper achievable goal, and might deserve special attention from doc teachers who have decided to Buy written paper, focus on the lexical issues that have the greatest payoff for students. Toward a More Pluralistic Definition of “Good” Writing: Contrastive Rhetoric. It is not only at the level of the sentence that language issues arise; cultural ideas about the organization of texts are also a topic of concern for ESL writing students and Essay symbols doc their teachers.

If one accepts that cultural and language backgrounds affect writing behaviors and written products, then contrastive rhetoric could be defined as “the study of differences or preferences in the pragmatic and strategic choices that writers make in response to Buy written paper, external demands and cultural histories” (Leki, 1992, p. 244). Why such an involved definition? Leki cautions us to avoid “overgeneralized, overinterpreted, or oversimplified explanations of other cultures” (p. 240). Specifically, it is crucial that we remember that all conclusions made are based on norms of the Essay symbols, English-speaking mainstream (ethnocentric views) and Stats homework would definitely be viewed differently from another culture’s purview. For example, we may view a Chinese student as “passive” because she does not speak or ask questions in Essay editing symbols class. Although this behavior may stem from the Nursing thesis, cultural norms of classrooms in China, we may find that this particular individual in another situation is not passive or shy in the least!) Most of editing symbols, all, we must be vigilant not to judge a student’s thinking, perceptions or intelligence by services influential person his/her use of English—in speech or in writing. As Leki explains, “Rhetorical choices are not directly linked to thought patterns; they are made in response to social, political, and rhetorical contexts and Essay editing symbols doc histories” (p. 236).

Therefore, we can conclude that culturally embedded preferences exist for what constitutes “good” writing. What can we learn from a review of the literature on contrastive rhetoric? The following are some brief examples of observations that have been made about the various rhetorical traditions of writing in which our students may have been educated: Arabic . In comparative studies, researchers have found that when Arabic speakers write in English, they tend to give more data than other groups, but they make fewer claims, warrants, backings, and rebuttals based on Help with a newspaper, the data. Essay Editing Symbols Doc? When asked to write on a specific topic, they fulfill the task less often. Although they express more pathos, they address the writing article, audience less often, using less ethos. According to these studies, explaining is done through the editing, use of with writing a newspaper article, examples, and arguments are developed by editing symbols doc restating positions. Writers use fewer paragraphs and less rhetorical connectedness, as well as a looser, less formal, organizational structure and fewer types of conjunctive elements, favoring coordinate rather than subordinate clauses. Spanish . Although there is Nursing, not much data on Spanish speaking ESL writers, one fact is sure to appear in their writing in English: Although their writing is linear, there is greater tolerance for tangential breaks. There is greater freedom to digress and to introduce “extraneous” material than in the US.

Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Thai . Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Thai speakers write in English using an indirect approach (delayed introduction of purpose). Editing? These groups tend toward inductive reasoning (specifics leading up to the conclusion, coming to the point at the end) and circularity. They also tend to look at the topic from different perspectives, rather than just one perspective. Nevertheless, the above Asian groups differ in significant ways: Chinese : In China, education is controlled and Nursing regimented to Essay, teach moral principles and How to essay reflect social values such as patriotism, the collective good, group loyalty, and symbols respect for authority. The focus of education is on maintaining order and with writing a newspaper authority, not on individual expression and meaning.

Japanese : Japanese writers more often mix arguments (arguing both for and against) and demonstrate argument alternations (going back and forth between arguing for Essay symbols doc, and against). They also end arguments in directions that differ from Stats homework answers vistas beginning positions. They remain more tentative and less hyperbolic, using more hedges and Essay doc fewer superlatives. In Japan, language is valued as a means of expressing social cohesion, not individual expression. In addition, writing demands more of the reader, whereas in Western rhetorical form, more of the article, burden of clarity is placed on the writer. Korean : Writers often do not want to take strong positions. Implications for Essay editing doc, Teaching. As teachers, we need to xerox, remember that preferences in writing styles are culturally influenced, and teachers need to be aware of cultural differences in students’ writing and understand students’ composing and revising behaviors.

Such awareness can benefit students psychologically; they should not be told that they are “bad” writers, but rather that they have been taught to symbols doc, write differently. Teachers should not write comments such as “This is not logical.” When teachers do this, they are not remembering that other cultures operate under different norms for what is “good” writing. Teachers should not tell students that their writing is College essay to buy, poor just because the logic and sentence structure is not linear. Knowledge of contrastive rhetoric can be especially helpful to teachers who must teach the expectations of the English speaking audience to ESL writers. Striving for perfection in writing is truly commendable. However, given the reality that there are grammatical features that are actually governed less by rules than by an acquired understanding of correct usage gained over time, and because such errors do not necessarily prevent a reader’s understanding of the text, it seems appropriate that such errors not be seen as a student writer’s inability to understand and communicate about a subject.

When ESL students have a fine understanding of the subject matter of a course, as evidenced by Essay editing the content and essay services influential organization of their writing, and the language (albeit grammatically imperfect) does not interfere with the reader’s comprehension, we ask that composition teachers acknowledge the complex process involved in learning to Essay editing symbols, write well in English as a second language. Even after several years of academic training, these writers may not attain native-like proficiency in writing. We also propose to continue our discussion with composition teachers about approaches and strategies in second language teaching that can contribute to the development of second language writers. ©Copyright 2004. Contact author for permission.

Jan 27, 2018 Essay editing symbols doc, how to buy an essay online -

IELTS Writing Task 2 Essay Structures. Knowing how to structure your IELTS Writing Task 2 essay is an essential skill that can make the difference between the getting and not getting the band score you deserve. Essay Doc? With that in mind, we have outlined the most common IELTS Writing Task 2 structures below. Nearly all of my Task 2 essay follow this basic structure: The sentences you put in each paragraph will depend on what type of person, question you get. The five most common IELTS Writing Task 2 questions are: Below I will outline examples and a structure approved by experienced IELTS teachers and examiners for each type of question. This will help you write a clear, coherent answer and hopefully boost your IELTS band score. I also include an example answer for each type of question so you can see what the structure looks like in a real essay.

Please note that these are general structures and they may vary slightly depending on the particular question. Please also note that there is no ‘one’ structure that will get you a high score. Essay Editing Doc? There are many types of structures that can get you a high score. These are just the ones I think are most effective and easiest to learn. For more detailed guidance on each type of question please visit the Nursing thesis statement, lessons below. I have provided a link at the end of editing doc, each section. Opinion Questions (Agree or Disagree) What is your opinion? Do you agree or disagree? To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of Buy written paper xerox, high school programmes (for example working for a charity, improving the neighborhood or teaching sports to symbols doc younger children). To what extent do you agree or disagree? Sentence 1- Paraphrase Question. Sentence 2- Thesis Statement (It is agreed…/It is disagreed…/This essay agrees/disagrees…) Sentence 3- Outline Sentence (This essay will discuss….) Sentence 1- Topic Sentence.

Sentence 2- Explain Topic Sentence. Sentence 3- Example. Sentence 1- Topic Sentence. Sentence 2- Explain Topic Sentence. Sentence 3- Example. Sentence 1- Summary and opinion. t is xerox, argued that volunteering should be made part of the school curriculum. This essay agrees with that suggestion completely because of the benefits it brings to Essay doc pupils. Statement? The essay will first look at how voluntary work can help students develop soft skills and then discuss how these extracurricular activities are valued by universities and symbols, employers.

Education should not be limited to strictly academic pursuits and those in education should also develop life skills, such as teamwork, empathy and self-discipline, and one of the best ways to hone these aptitudes is through community service. Serving those less fortunate than ourselves teaches us many lessons including how to work with people from with writing a newspaper article other backgrounds and the value of Essay editing symbols, hard work. For example, I personally volunteered to spend 6 weeks in College essay services, Africa teaching disadvantaged children and this led to symbols doc a much higher work ethic when I returned to my studies. Many colleges and person, companies are also increasingly looking for Essay, this type of experience. With Writing A Newspaper? Most school leavers have the same grades and charitable works can help set you apart from the herd. For example, Cambridge and Oxford receive thousands of applications from straight-A students every year and Essay editing symbols doc, can only Buy written paper xerox, accept a small percentage of applicants. What you have done outside the doc, classroom is often the How to write scholarship essay comparison, thing that differentiates you from everyone else and gets you that coveted spot. In conclusion, teenagers should be made to Essay editing symbols partake in unpaid work as part of their schooling because it will help them learn things they wouldn’t ordinarily learn from their teachers and it will also boost their chances of getting into third level education. For more detail on how to answer agree or disagree questions please visit our opinion essay lesson. Advantages and College can't, Disadvantages Questions. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages and give your own opinion. Computers are being used more and more in Essay editing doc, education. Discuss the Nursing, advantages and Essay doc, disadvantages and give your own opinion. Sentence 1- Paraphrase Question. Sentence 2- Outline Sentence. Sentence 1- State One Advantage. Sentence 2- Expand/Explain Advantage. Sentence 3- Example. Sentence 4- Result.

Sentence 1- State One Disadvantage. Sentence 2- Expand/Explain Disadvantage. Sentence 3- Example. Sentence 4- Result. Sentence 1- Summary. Sentence 2- Opinion. It is argued that technology is playing an every increasing role in schools and universities. This essay will firstly, discuss student freedom as one of the Nursing statement, main advantages of this and secondly, outline decreasing levels of face to Essay editing symbols face contact as one of the main disadvantages. One of the principle advantages of an Nursing statement increase in the use electronic devices in education is the autonomy it provides students. Students have the freedom to focus on whatever topic or subject they want and study it in depth through the symbols, internet.

A prime example of this is the essay services, amount of online university courses available to Essay symbols doc students, covering a myriad of College essay can't, subjects, that up until recently were unavailable to symbols most learners. This has resulted in more people studying third level degrees than ever before, at a pace and schedule that suits them. The main disadvantage associated with increasing use of technology in education is the decrease in face to face interaction between students. Students spend more time looking at computer screens by themselves than interacting with each other. For instance, the recent explosion in smartphone use has been at the expense of genuine human interaction.

This results in soft skills, such as verbal communication and empathy, being affected. In conclusion, the benefits technology brings to education, such as student autonomy, must be weighed against the drawbacks, such as negative effects on human interaction. Overall, the educational benefits outweigh the disadvantages because human beings will always want human contact and Help article, most people will not solely use IT for education. For more detail on how to answer advantage and disadvantage questions please visit our advantage and editing, disadvantage lesson. Discuss Both Views Question (Discussion Essay) Discuss both points of view and give your opinion. Computers are being used more and more in Stats vistas, education. Some people say that this is Essay editing doc, a positive trend, while others argue that it is leading to negative consequences. Discuss both sides of this argument and College essay, then give your own opinion. Sentence 1- Paraphrase Question and/or state both viewpoints. Sentence 2- Thesis Statement.

Sentence 3- Outline Sentence. Sentence 1- State first viewpoint. Sentence 2- Discuss first viewpoint. Sentence 3- Reason why you agree or disagree with viewpoint. Sentence 4- Example to support your view. Sentence 1- State second viewpoint. Sentence 2- Discuss second viewpoint. Sentence 3- Reason why you agree or disagree with viewpoint. Sentence 4- Example to support your view. Sentence 1- Summary.

Sentence 2- State which one is better or more important. There is an ever increasing use of Essay doc, technology, such as tablets and laptops, in the classroom. It is often argued that this is a positive development, whilst others disagree and think it will lead to an effective comparison adverse ramifications. Essay? This essay agrees that an increase in technology is beneficial to students and teachers. This essay will discuss both points of view. It is clear that the Internet has provided students with access to more information than ever before. Nursing Statement? Moreover, learners have the ability to research and learn about any subject at the touch of a button. It is therefore agreed that technology is a very worthwhile tool for education. Wikipedia is a prime example, where students can simply type in any keyword and gain access to in-depth knowledge quickly and Essay symbols doc, easily. However, many disagree and homework, feel that technology deprives people of real human interaction. Symbols Doc? Human interaction teaches people valuable skills such as discourse, debate and empathy.

Despite this, human interaction is still possible through the statement, internet and this essay disagrees technology should be dismissed for this reason. Editing? For instance, Skype and Facebook make it possible for people to interact in thesis statement, ways that were never before possible. While the benefits of technology, particularly the internet, allow students to tap into limitless sources of information, some still feel that people should be wary of this new phenomena and not allow it to Essay symbols curb face to face interaction. However, as long as we are careful to keep in mind the College essay influential, importance of human interaction in education, the symbols, educational benefits are clearly positive. For more detail on essay, how to Essay editing symbols answer discussion questions please visit our discussion essay lesson. Problem and solution. Cause and solution. Students are becoming more and more reliant on computers. What are some of the problems associated with reliance on computers, and what are some of the possible solutions? Sentence 1- Paraphrase Question.

Sentence 2- Outline Sentence. Sentence 1- State Problem. Sentence 2- Explain problem. Sentence 3- Result. Sentence 4- Example. Sentence 1- State Solution.

Sentence 2- Explain Solution. Sentence 3- Example. Sentence 1- Summary. Sentence 2- Recommendation or Prediction. Learners are becoming ever more dependent on technology, such as the Internet and mobile devices. This essay will discuss one of the main problems associated with dependence on computers and College influential person, suggest a viable solution. The principal problem with over-reliance on technology, such as tablets and computers, is plagiarism.

Students often use search engines to answer a question and simply copy the text from editing a website, rather than thinking about the question. To Buy Can't? This practice is not only prohibited in schools and universities but also stunts a student’s intellectual development. For example, many teachers complain that students copy web pages straight from Wikipedia word for word rather than giving a reasoned answer to their questions. A solution to this worrying problem is asking students to doc email their answers to teachers and teachers using anti-plagiarism software to detect copying. Moreover, students would be made aware of this practice and this would inspire them to Help writing article answer questions using their own words, rather than someone else’s. For instance, many universities already use this kind software to scan course work for plagiarism and it could be extended to include all homework, by symbols learners in with a newspaper, both secondary and tertiary education. In summary, one of the main problems with over-use of technology in education is Essay symbols doc, plagiarism and Stats, this can be solved through the doc, use of plagiarism detection software. It is predicted that more and more students’ will email their work to their teacher and this work will be scrutinised for paper xerox, plagiarism. For more detail on doc, how to answer problem and solution questions please visit our problem and solution lesson.

There will normally be a statement and they will then ask you to homework answers answer to separate questions. As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an Essay important element of individual wellbeing. What factors contribute to Buy written paper job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers? Sentence 1- Paraphrase Question.

Sentence 2- Outline Sentence (mention both questions) Sentence 1- Answer first question directly. Sentence 2- Explain why. Sentence 3- Further explain. Sentence 4- Example. Sentence 1- Answer second question directly. Sentence 2- Explain why. Sentence 3- Further explain. Sentence 4- Example. Sentence 1- Summary. As the doc, majority of adults spend most of their time at work, being content with your career is Nursing thesis, a crucial part of Essay doc, a person’s health and happiness.

This essay will first discuss which elements lead to job satisfaction and it will then address the Buy written, question of how likely it is that everyone can be happy with their job. The two most important things that lead to someone being satisfied at work are being treated with respect by managers and being compensated fairly. If those more senior than you respect you as a person and the job you are doing then you feel like you are valued. A fair salary and editing symbols doc, benefits are also important considerations because if you feel you are being underpaid you will either resent your bosses or look for another job. There two factors came top of a recent job satisfaction survey conducted by Monster.com, that found that 72% of people were pleased with their current role if their superiors regularly told them they were appreciated. With regards to the question of happiness for all workers, I think this is and always will be highly unlikely. The vast majority of people fail to reach their goals and end up working in a post they don’t really care about in return for a salary. Can't? This money is just enough to pay their living expenses which often means they are trapped in a cycle of disenchantment. For example, The Times recently reported that 89% of office workers would leave their jobs if they did not need the money. In conclusion, being satisfied with your trade or profession is an editing important part of one’s well-being and essay to buy can't, respect from one’s colleagues and fair pay can improve your level of happiness, however, job satisfaction of all workers is an unrealistic prospect.

Can I get a band 8 or 9 following these structures? Nobody can give you a structure that guarantees you a high score. You score is editing symbols doc, dependent on how good your grammar and vocabulary is and how well you answer the question. A good structure will help you answer the question to some extent and write scholarship essay comparison, boost your score for coherence and cohesion, but you must use relevant ideas and use these ideas well to answer the editing, question. Looking for some sample questions? Here are over write an effective scholarship essay comparison 100 sample questions from past exam papers. I hope you found this article useful. Essay Doc? Now that you know the structures you should check out our task 2 sample answers to see how they have been used in Buy written paper xerox, practice.

Would you like me to check your essay and tell you how to improve? Check out our essay correction service. The best way to keep up to date with more great posts like this and to access loads of practice exercises is to like us on Facebook. For more help with IELTS please check out IELTS Preparation– The Ultimate Guide. 62 Comments on IELTS Writing Task 2 Essay Structures Thank you so much for Essay editing doc, your studies. I really like a sentence from the introduction: “This essay agrees with that suggestion completely because of the benefits it brings to pupils”.

But how should I rephrase it in cace I disagree with the statement? Is OK to write: “This essay DISAGREES with that suggestion completely because of the to buy can't, benefits it brings to pupils”. I would be very thankful if you can provide us with an example for the question type “Two-part Question” the same as you did in the other types. This is a very good essay. This is great! Very simple and easy to understand. I hope to Essay editing symbols doc do some more practice using the tips here. Answers Vistas? Thank you!

Hi Chris, thank you for creating such a great site. Editing? I like your way of structuring essay, but I am concerned about essay to buy, conccesion statements, especially for agree and disagree essays. Could you please suggest where can I fit coccesion statements in these structures. Thank you. Don’t worry about concessions in symbols doc, opinion essays. Home » Writing Task 2 » IELTS Writing Task 2 Essay Structures. Check your email for essay, the link. Advantage Exam Preparation Limited.

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