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SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips. If you’re studying for an AP exam right now, or are thinking about taking an AP class in the future, you might be wondering: how are AP exams scored? In this post, we'll break down the scoring process, all the way from the custom usb flash drives, raw scores you earn on the multiple choice section and School paper, essays to how you get assigned a final score of 1 to 5. Knowing how AP exams are scored can help you do your best on Cheap drives, them – especially if you want a perfect 5. Each AP test is College essays buy for given a score from 1 to 5. Those numbers mean: 5: Extremely Well Qualified 4: Well Qualified 3: Qualified 2: Possibly Qualified 1: No recommendation. Custom! Any score 3 or higher is considered passing, though some colleges only accept 4s or 5s for credit. Essays Application! (See AP’s college database for specific policies at Cheap custom usb flash, each university.) Getting a 5 is especially desirable because, for most exams, it puts you in the top 10-20% of scorers. See our list of AP classes for more info on passing rates. Help! The 1 to Cheap usb flash drives 5 score is problems facilities a scaled score , converted from a composite score . Your composite score is calculated from the total number of custom usb flash drives raw points you get from your multiple choice answers and points from the free response. How To Write A Literary! It’s a bit confusing, but we will guide you through the process! The majority of AP exams consist of two sections: multiple choice and free response.

On some exams each section is Cheap custom weighted equally, on essays buy for application, others one of them is drives worth slightly more. You can look up the specifics for each exam on College essays buy for, the AP student website, on the AP Courses pages. The multiple choice section is graded by a computer. There are no deductions for incorrect or blank answers, so your multiple choice raw score is custom drives simply the number of questions you get correct. What! The free response section is graded during the annual AP Reading held during the first two weeks of June. The AP Reading is basically a huge convention. Tons of teachers and college professors gather to grade thousands and thousands of student-written free responses for custom each exam.

This is why you don't get your score until July even though you take the Assignment help essay me, test in May — the written portion of custom drives your exam isn't graded until mid-June , and after that College Board has to calculate the composite score and final scaled score for each exam, equating the test so the scores stay even from year to year. (For example, they want to make sure a 3 on the AP US History exam means the same thing from one year to Tom 332 homework facilities planning another, even if one version of the test turned out to be more difficult for Cheap usb flash drives students.) (Side note: there is a good chance that an essays, AP teacher at your school goes to the AP Reading each year. It can be interesting and helpful to talk to Cheap custom them about what happens at the convention, how quickly free responses are scored, and the best and worse free responses they’ve seen. These are answers that will vary a lot subject to subject but could be helpful and What, interesting to you!) This is a picture from the usb flash, English literature reading from this blog post over at AP Central. It's worth reading if you are curious about what the Assignment marketing, AP reading is like! Each free response is given a holistic score, meaning it's evaluated for its overall effectiveness or correctness. Typically, points aren’t deducted for the occasional small error, for custom example a spelling or grammar mistake. Most tests grade their free responses between 1 and 9, with 1 being least effective and 9 being nearly perfect. Your free response raw score is the How to write, total of the scores you get for Cheap custom usb flash drives each response. How You Get a Scaled Score of 1 to 5. Assignment Help Me! After your multiple choice is graded by a machine and your free response is graded by a human, your essay score and multiple choice are combined by giving each a composite score.

The composite score is just a way of combining the drives, two scores such that they are weighted correctly (for example, for What is purpose AP English, multiple choice is Cheap custom usb flash worth 45% and free response is 55%). Often the composite scores are between 100 or 150. For Service Marketing! The composite score is custom usb flash then converted to a number on the scaled score, between 1 and How to write a literary argument paper, 5. This means for each scaled score, there is a range of possible composite scores that could earn it. For example, a 5 could be any composite between 110 and 150 on a certain exam. Since scaling varies year to Cheap usb flash drives year, there are no exact cutoff numbers for scores for AP Tests, and argument paper, College Board does not release detailed scoring data. Cheap! Furthermore, you will not see what your composite score was on your score report — you will only Assignment marketing, get the usb flash, number between 1 and 5. However, many teachers, prep books, and What is purpose, websites have come up with formulas to predict the scaled score for each AP test, which can help when you are grading practice tests and coming up with a target score. Scoring Example: AP English Language. As we've seen, AP test scoring is not exactly straightforward. To help clarify the process, we will walk through a scoring example using the most popular test, AP English Language and Composition. Also known as the class where you annotate every. Single.

Thing. To go over the basics of the AP English exam, it has 55 multiple choice questions, worth 45% of the score, and 3 essays, worth 55% of the score. Each essay is Cheap custom usb flash drives graded between 1 and 9. Before we get into the scoring example, remember that this guide is an estimation since the score conversions can vary year to year based on essays, test difficulty. It’s impossible to precisely predict an AP test score before you get your score, but you can get an idea of how the process works. There are 55 multiple choice questions on the AP English exam. Let's say you get 40 correct, answer 8 incorrect, and leave 7 blank. Cheap Custom! Your raw multiple choice score would be an even 40 points.

Out of the College buy for application, three essays, let's say you earn the following scores from the graders: 4, 7, and 8, for a total raw essay score of 19. Now this is the tricky part, where we will convert each of those raw scores to a single composite score between 0 and 150. The maximum converted essay score is 82.5, or 55% of 150. The maximum converted multiple choice score is 67.5, or 45% of 150. So to drives figure out your composite score, use this formula: (Multiple Choice Raw Score x 1.23) + (Essay Raw Score x 3.05) = Composite Score. In this example, your multiple choice composite would be 49.2, and your essay composite would be 58, so your total composite is How to a literary argument total composite is 107, rounded down. The last step is easy. Use the chart below to estimate your scaled score. Your score of custom 107 would earn you a 5 – but just barely! Again, these numbers are estimates and will shift from year to year based on test difficulty. Help! Since 107 is just over the mark of Cheap drives 104, it is possible in some test years it could earn a 4. We’ve learned how to score an AP English Language and Composition exam.

However you can’t use the same process for essay me every AP test. Most AP tests have slightly different section weights and question totals, so the scoring formulas are different. For example, AP Calculus AB has fewer multiple choice questions (45), more free response (6 total), and weighs each section at Cheap custom usb flash, 50%. Each AP subject is a unique challenge. and has its own scoring formula. So how can you figure out how the AP tests you are taking are graded? First, if you’re taking the AP class, ask your teacher if they have a formula for converting practice test scores to scaled scores.

Most AP teachers have a formula that they use with their students for practice exams. If you’re not taking the class or your teacher doesn’t have a formula, either find a prep book for your specific test, or search online. Remember that all formulas are estimates. If you really want a 5, you shouldn’t aim for the lowest possible composite, you should aim for perfection or very close. That’s the buy for, only way to guarantee you will get a 5. Or if you just want to make sure you pass, try to aim for Cheap custom usb flash drives a 4 so that even if you make more mistakes than you are hoping to, you’ll still get a 3. Curious about the benefits of taking an AP Exam? See our in-depth guide about what AP tests are and why you should take them. College Essays! Want to custom usb flash improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?

We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Halle Edwards graduated from Stanford University with honors. In high school, she earned 99th percentile ACT scores as well as 99th percentile scores on SAT subject tests. She also took nine AP classes, earning a perfect score of 5 on a literary, seven AP tests. As a graduate of a large public high school who tackled the college admission process largely on Cheap usb flash, her own, she is passionate about essays buy for helping high school students from different backgrounds get the knowledge they need to Cheap custom usb flash drives be successful in the college admissions process. You should definitely follow us on social media. You'll get updates on our latest articles right on your feed. Follow us on all 3 of our social networks: Have any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply!

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Where Can I Find MBA Dissertation Topics. I have been asked on my occasions by students on where to find quality MBA dissertation topics. Cheap Custom Usb Flash! Well, I responded by saying that you can find them in a university library or on Assignment for service, the internet on credible websites. Before we go any further on explaining how to find relevant MBA dissertation topics it is vital that we establish what an MBA dissertation is. Firstly, An integral part of any MBA degree is the successful completion of a research dissertation. Usb Flash! In near enough every case, you must complete an MBA dissertation before graduating you cannot elect to sidestep the dissertation requirements of an MBA degree. As you are already aware, an MBA degree is a study into the theory and What application of business management principles, often applied to a variety of real world business situations.

It would be prudent to base your MBA dissertation topic on the most common components or subject areas of an MBA degree; Accounting Operations Management Business Management Finance Marketing Information Technology Management Strategic Risk Management Entrepreneurship Human Resource Management E-Commerce Economics. We will attempt to highlight areas of interest and typical dissertation titles that MBA students across the globe undertake. One of the most satisfying aspects of usb flash writing your own MBA dissertation topic is that you chose your own dissertation title and you have the opportunity to contribute to the field of study you have chosen. Below are some MBA dissertation topics that have been written in their respective field that may help to guide you. Accounting MBA Dissertation Topics.

An MBA Accounting Thesis is not restricted to one major category or subject area. You have the What ability to think outside the custom usb flash drives box and generalize about wider subject matter which fall into the accounting field. You could begin to School look at new global accounting principles, account practices across boarders, how information technology affects traditional accounting techniques, or base your research on the performance of a specific company while considering a whole host of external factors, the list goes on. Below is a list of accounting based MBA dissertation topics that have been written by successful MBA graduates; Operations Management MBA Dissertation Topics. An MBA Operations Management Thesis will not be limited to one common operations management technique.

You would have gained enough operations management knowledge during your MBA degree to Cheap custom adequately compose a dissertation in this field. It is tempting to add more knowledge to an existing topic but you should relish the What is purpose of homework opportunity to contribute something new to the operations management field of study. You could begin to look at global supply chain management, inventory control, performance management, TQM, statistical process control and quality management within prestigious organisations. The following is a list of operations management themed MBA dissertation topics that have been written by usb flash, successful MBA graduates; Business Management Dissertation Topics. When undertaking an MBA Business Management Thesis you will discover that the subject is essays application not limited to custom drives one particular organisation or management technique. Business management is probably the broadest business subject area out buy for there. Management techniques go back centuries and there has been a lot of academic contribution within this field, but with changes in Cheap drives culture and paper global management techniques you should have a wealth of information at custom usb flash, your disposal in order to adequately compose a dissertation in this subject field. It is tempting to write about existing management techniques and how they are applied to organisations but you should embrace the opportunity to contribute something new to the business management field of study. You could begin to look at global management techniques (challenges and opportunities), business performance and evolving management techniques within prestigious organisations or profitability challenges faced by organisations, the list goes on.

The following is a list of management theory based MBA dissertation topics that have been written by marketing, successful MBA graduates; Writing an usb flash MBA Finance Dissertation is an Tom 332 homework problems facilities planning exciting prospect to say the least, there is so much happening within the field of finance and you will have the opportunity to custom usb flash drives write a remarkable dissertation in facilities planning this field. Finance is probably one of the most talked about subjects out there at the moment. Finance is becoming a global phenomenon and changes on a daily basis with the influence of usb flash stock exchanges and governments. It is safe to say that you will have a plethora of information at your disposal when compiling your dissertation in this subject field. For an insight you could begin to look at global finance techniques, financial performance of buy for global organisations, global money markets, and financial comparisons of countries, the Cheap custom usb flash list goes on and on. Tom 332 Homework Planning! The following is a list of Cheap usb flash finance related MBA dissertation topics that have been written by successful MBA graduates; Marketing MBA Dissertation Topics. Similar to business management, the field of marketing is a very common research preference for MBA Students. Writing an MBA Marketing Thesis will be an exciting opportunity to write a cutting edge dissertation. The field of marketing is often seen to cross over into homework problems facilities planning, other fields of study but you can remain on topic and base your dissertation purely on marketing theories and techniques.

The marketing discipline is wide and varied and you can start to look at relationship marketing, advertising, branding, cross-culture marketing, direct marketing, consumer behavior, online marketing and marketing ethics. Usb Flash! The following is a list of marketing based MBA dissertation topics that have been written by College essays, successful MBA graduates in 2014 / 2015; Technology Management MBA Dissertation Topics. Constructing an MBA Technology Management thesis on technology management can be a demanding task due to the fact that information technology changes at such a rapid rate. Custom Usb Flash Drives! Don’t be put off by this as writing a technology management MBA dissertation is fulfilling and grabs attention as business graduates with information technology skills and knowledge are a rare commodity.

Be sure to write your dissertation on up to date technologies and organisations, it is not advisable to How to write paper investigate outdated research or defunct organisations in this field. Why write an MBA technology management dissertation on outdated technologies? You should look into cutting edge research fields such as nanotechnology, IT outsourcing, global IT Infrastructure, ERP systems, VoIP technology, e-learning and key IT mergers and Cheap custom acquisitions. Try to relate you research to the business management field and try to avoid writing a scientific dissertation that would detract from you MBA degree. The following is a list of write a literary paper information technology based MBA dissertation topics that have been written by successful MBA graduates; Strategic Risk Management MBA Dissertation Topics. Basing you MBA Thesis on strategic risk management suggests that you are writing a piece of Cheap usb flash research that would help organisations to Tom 332 reduce exposure to risk or adverse trading conditions. It is safe to Cheap say that strategic risk management will be rigorously covered in How to paper the MBA degree and you will have built up a significant amount of knowledge relating to this field, you should be able to apply the knowledge and techniques gained into an MBA dissertation. You could look at the volatility of global stock exchanges, social risk in global organisations, risk management in derivative markets, risk management within the supply chain and risk factors affecting shareholder value.

This list goes on. The following is a list of Strategic Risk MBA Dissertation Topics that have been written by successful MBA graduates; Entrepreneurship Dissertation Topics. Developing an MBA thesis on entrepreneurship is a very interesting proposition for any MBA student. Entrepreneurship has a lot of exposure on most MBA taught degrees and Cheap many successful entrepreneurs hold an MBA, it is common knowledge that an MBA and entrepreneurs sit side by side in the business world. Is Purpose! For inspiration you could look at competitiveness of nations, investigate business enterprise, outsourcing, or ask whether entrepreneurs born or made? There are many interesting topics surrounding enterprise and entrepreneurship. The following is a list of Entrepreneurship based MBA Dissertation Topics that have been written by custom drives, successful MBA graduates; Human Resource Management Dissertation Topics.

Writing an MBA HRM Thesis is not restricted to one organisation or technique, HRM has become a global phenomenon due to School supplies joondalup cross boarder training practices, worker migration and organisations trading on a global scale. If you need a starting point for custom, your HRM dissertation you can look at global recruitment trends, staff motivation within organisations, analyse staff retention techniques and staff training and joondalup engagement. There is so much to explore within the Cheap custom drives field of HRM. The following is a list of HRM based MBA dissertation topics that have been written by What of homework, successful MBA graduates; Similar to technology management, writing an MBA E-Commerce Thesis can be a tricky proposition due to the fact that electronic commerce changes on custom usb flash drives, a daily basis.

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Business economics is such an encompassing subject and there are many areas to investigate, you could start to look at global economic trends, hyperinflation, macroeconomics, economic policy, influence of the IMF and custom usb flash economic development. Assignment For Service Marketing! Below is Cheap custom usb flash drives a list of economics based MBA dissertation topics that have been written by successful MBA graduates; MBA Dissertation Topics. How MBA Dissertation Examples Can Help You. As you can see, there are a lot of possible MBA dissertation topics for you to essay choose from, and we have pointed you in the direction of quality pre-written MBA dissertation topics. The material is to be used to structure your own MBA dissertation we do not encourage you to copy or plagiarize any reference material you encounter during your studies. Hopefully, we have given you a positive insight on how to begin and research your own MBA dissertation topic.

Good luck and usb flash drives all the for service marketing best! Click Here To View MBA Dissertation Topics. My name is Steve Jones and I’m the Cheap usb flash drives creator and administrator of the dissertation topics blog. I’m a senior writer at study-aids.co.uk and hold a BA (hons) Business degree and MBA, I live in Birmingham (just moved here from London), I’m a keen writer, always glued to argument a book and have an interest in economics theory. View all posts by Steve Jones. 44 thoughts on “MBA Dissertation Topics” Thanks for finally talking about MBA Dissertation Topics and Liked it, As an usb flash drives MBA student I found this post really interesting and valuable as I am about to start writing my own MBA dissertation Q1 2015. Do you have any dissertations relating to Operations Management at a North American SME? Thanks Ivan.

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essay on media news Robert G. Kaiser. I n 1998, Ralph Terkowitz, a vice president of The Washington Post Co., got to know Sergey Brin and Larry Page, two young Silicon Valley entrepreneurs who were looking for backers. Terkowitz remembers paying a visit to the garage where they were working and usb flash drives keeping his car and How to write argument paper driver waiting outside while he had a meeting with them about the idea that eventually became Google. An early investment in Google might have transformed the Post 's financial condition, which became dire a dozen years later, by which time Google was a multi-billion dollar company. But nothing happened. Cheap Custom. “We kicked it around,” Terkowitz recalled, but the Assignment for service marketing then-fat Post Co. had other irons in usb flash, other fires. Such missteps are not surprising. People living through a time of revolutionary change usually fail to grasp what is going on around them. The American news business would get a C minus or worse from any fair-minded professor evaluating its performance in the first phase of the Digital Age. Assignment Essay. Big, slow-moving organizations steeped in their traditional ways of doing business could not accurately foresee the Cheap usb flash drives next stages of a technological whirlwind. Obviously, new technologies are radically altering the Assignment for service ways in which we learn, teach, communicate, and are entertained.

It is Cheap custom drives, impossible to know today where these upheavals may lead, but where they take us matters profoundly. How the digital revolution plays out over time will be particularly important for journalism, and What is purpose of homework therefore to the United States, because journalism is the craft that provides the lifeblood of a free, democratic society. The Founding Fathers knew this. They believed that their experiment in self-governance would require active participation by an informed public, which could only be possible if people had unfettered access to custom usb flash, information. James Madison, author of the First Amendment guaranteeing freedom of speech and of the press, summarized the proposition succinctly: “The advancement and diffusion of for service, knowledge is the only guardian of Cheap drives, true liberty.” Thomas Jefferson explained to What is purpose of homework, his French friend, the Marquis de Lafayette, The only security of all is in a free press. The force of public opinion cannot be resisted when permitted freely to be expressed.” American journalists cherish another of usb flash drives, Jefferson's remarks: “Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to write a literary argument paper, prefer the latter.”

The journalistic ethos that animated many of the Founders was embodied by a printer, columnist, and editor from Philadelphia named Benjamin Franklin. The printing press, which afforded Franklin his livelihood, remained the Cheap custom usb flash drives engine of American democracy for more than two centuries. But then, in the second half of the 20th century, new technologies began to undermine long-established means of is purpose, sharing information. Custom Usb Flash Drives. First television and then the computer and School paper the Internet transformed the way people got their news. Nonetheless, even at the end of the century, the business of Cheap custom usb flash drives, providing news and analysis was still a profitable enough undertaking that it could support large organizations of professional reporters and is purpose of homework editors in print and Cheap custom usb flash drives broadcast media. Now, however, in the first years of the 21st century, accelerating technological transformation has undermined the business models that kept American news media afloat, raising the Assignment possibility that the great institutions on which we have depended for news of the Cheap custom usb flash world around us may not survive. These are painful words to write for Tom 332 homework facilities planning someone who spent 50 years as a reporter and Cheap custom editor at The Washington Post . For the first 15 years of my career, the Post 's stories were still set in lead type by linotype machines, now seen only in museums.

We first began writing on computers in the late 1970s, which seemed like an is purpose unequivocally good thing until the rise of the Internet in the 1990s. Then, gradually, the ground began to shift beneath us. By the time I retired earlier this year, the Graham family had sold the Post to Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon, for $250 million, a small fraction of its worth just a few years before. Donald Graham, the chief executive at the time, admitted that he did not know how to save the newspaper. In fact, digital technology has flummoxed the Cheap owners of traditional news media, especially newspapers, from the beginning. For example, in 1983, in the early years of help, computerized production of newspapers when almost no one knew what was coming, The New York Times almost committed digital suicide.

The Times decided it only needed to drives, retain the rights to the electronic versions of its stories for 24 hours after publication. To make a little extra money, the Times sold rights to everything older than 24 hours to Mead Data Central, owners of the Lexis-Nexis service. Mead Data Central then sold electronic access to Times stories to law firms, libraries, and the public. How To Write Paper. By the early 1990s, as the Internet was becoming functional and Cheap custom usb flash popular, this arrangement was a big and growing problem: newspapers, including the Times , were planning “online,” computerized editions, but the Times had sold control of supplies joondalup, its own product to Mead Data. Luckily for the country's best newspaper, the Anglo-Dutch firm Reed Elsevier bought Mead Data in 1994. The sale triggered a provision in the original Times -Mead contract that allowed the Times to reclaim the electronic rights to its own stories.

That enabled the Times to put its journalism online in 1995. But putting newspapers online has not remotely restored their profitability. For the custom usb flash moment, The New York Times is making a small profit, but its advertising revenues are not reassuring. The Washington Post made profits of more than $120 million a year in the late 1990s, and today loses money—last year more than $40 million. Newsweek magazine failed, and Time magazine is teetering. Once-strong regional newspapers from Los Angeles to Miami, from Chicago to Philadelphia, find themselves in desperate straits, their survival in doubt.

News divisions of the major television networks have been cutting back for College more than two decades, and are now but a feeble shadow of their former selves. Overall the economic devastation would be difficult to exaggerate. Cheap Usb Flash Drives. One statistic conveys its dimensions: the advertising revenue of all America's newspapers fell from $63.5 billion in College essays application, 2000 to custom usb flash, about $23 billion in 2013, and is still falling. Assignment Help Me. Traditional news organizations' financial well-being depended on the willingness of advertisers to pay to reach the mass audiences they attracted. Advertisers were happy to pay because no other advertising medium was as effective.

But in the digital era, which has made it relatively simple to target advertising in very specific ways, a big metropolitan or national newspaper has much less appeal. Internet companies like Google and Facebook are able to sort audiences by the most specific criteria, and thus to offer advertisers the possibility of drives, spending their money only on Assignment help essay me ads they know will reach only people interested in custom drives, what they are selling. So Google, the master of targeted advertising, can provide a retailer selling sheets and towels an audience existing exclusively of people who have gone online in the last month to shop for sheets and towels. This explains why even as newspaper revenues have plummeted, the ad revenue of School supplies paper, Google has leapt upward year after year—from $70 million in Cheap custom usb flash drives, 2001 to College essays application, an astonishing $50.6 billion in 2013. That is usb flash, more than two times the combined advertising revenue of every newspaper in paper, America last year. And the usb flash drives situation for proprietors of newspapers and magazines is likely to How to a literary argument, get worse. One alarming set of statistics: Americans spend about 5 percent of the Cheap usb flash time they devote to media of all kinds to magazines and newspapers. Argument. But nearly 20 percent of advertising dollars still go to print media. So print media today are getting billions more than they probably deserve from advertisers who, governed by Cheap custom usb flash the inertia so common in write argument paper, human affairs, continue to Cheap usb flash, buy space in School supplies, publications that are steadily losing audience, especially among the young. When those advertisers wake up, revenues will plummet still further.

King County Journal. Union City Register Tribune. Halifax Daily News. Rocky Mountain News. News organizations have tried to Cheap custom usb flash, adapt to the new realities. As the Internet became more popular and more important in the first decade of the 21st century, newspaper proprietors dreamed of paying for a literary argument paper their newsrooms by mimicking their traditional business model in the online world.

Their hope was to create mass followings for their websites that would appeal to usb flash, advertisers the way their ink-on-paper versions once did. But that’s not what happened. The news organizations with the most popular websites did attract lots of eyeballs, but general advertising on their sites did not produce compelling results for advertisers, so they did not buy as much of it as the papers had hoped. And the price they paid for it steadily declined, because as the Internet grew, the number of sites offering advertising opportunities assured that “supply” outstripped “demand.” Advertising revenues for the major news sites never amounted to Tom 332 facilities, even a significant fraction of the revenues generated by printed newspapers in the golden age. There seems little prospect today that online advertising revenues will ever be as lucrative as advertising on paper once was. The other online innovation that has devastated newspapers is Cheap drives, Craigslist, the free provider of what the newspapers call “classified advertising,” the small items in small print used by Assignment help essay me individuals and businesses for custom usb flash drives generations to Assignment, buy and Cheap custom drives sell real estate and merchandise, and to hire workers. Is Purpose. Twenty years ago classifieds provided more than a third of the revenue of Cheap custom, The Washington Post . Craigslist has destroyed that business for the Post and every major paper in the country. The Philadelphia Inquirer/Daily News headquarters building on Broad Street in Philadelphia, October 6, 2005. The paper is one of many major newspapers facing cutbacks and dwindling circulation. D espite two decades of trying, no one has found a way to make traditional news-gathering sufficiently profitable to assure its future survival. Serious readers of America's most substantial news media may find this description at is purpose, odds with their daily experience.

After all, The New York Times , The Wall Street Journal , and custom usb flash drives The Washington Post still provide rich offerings of paper joondalup, good journalism every morning, and they have been joined by numerous online providers of both opinion and news—even of classic investigative reporting. Digital publications employ thousands of reporters and editors in Cheap custom usb flash drives, new and sometimes promising journalistic enterprises. Is this a disaster? Of course not—yet. But today's situation is probably misleading. The laws of economics cannot be ignored or repealed. Nor can the actuarial tables. Write A Literary Argument. Only about a third of Americans under 35 look at a newspaper even once a week, and the percentage declines every year. A large portion of today's readers of the few remaining good newspapers are much closer to the grave than to high school. Today's young people skitter around the Internet like ice skaters, exercising their short attention spans by looking for fun and, occasionally, seeking out serious information. Usb Flash. Audience taste seems to be changing, with the result that among young people particularly there is a declining appetite for help essay the sort of Cheap custom, information packages the great newspapers provided, which included national, foreign and local news, business news, cultural news and criticism, editorials and opinion columns, sports and obituaries, lifestyle features, and science news.

Alas for those who continue to want access to that kind of product, there is Tom 332 homework facilities, no right to reliable, intelligent, comprehensive journalism. We only get it when someone provides it. And if it doesn’t pay someone a profit, it’s not likely to be produced. New York City. 1959. TV news anchorman Walter Cronkite. © Dennis Stock/Magnum Photos. B efore digital technology changed the world, the news was quite orderly and predictable. To find out what was happening, you bought a paper, listened to the radio, or watched television.

Most people relied on Cheap drives one or two sources for all their news—a newspaper and a TV network, for example. A few institutions and a few individuals dominated the help provision of news: Walter Cronkite and John Chancellor; The New York Times and The Washington Post ; Time and Newsweek . The universe of news providers was small and also remarkably homogeneous. David Brinkley could move from NBC to ABC without causing much of custom usb flash, a stir. When Roone Arledge, whose first big accomplishment was to make ABC the How to write a literary argument paper leading network for sports, was empowered to build a new ABC News, he did it by raiding the Cheap usb flash drives staffs of NBC and CBS. Similarly, when Ted Turner launched CNN, he poached talent from the networks.

This small, nearly-closed world rarely provided any surprises. Politically, the big news organizations cast themselves as fair-minded and even-handed, never partisan. Time magazine may have been somewhat more conservative, The New York Times more liberal, but none drifted far from the center of the political spectrum. For nearly four decades after World War II, mainstream journalism was notably non-ideological. At the height of their success, all the What best news organizations shared two important qualities: a strong sense of Cheap usb flash, responsibility about Assignment, their roles as providers of news and analysis, and plenty of money to spend on those missions.

In their heyday, roughly the last third of the 20th century, these institutions tended to unify American society. News anchors like Cronkite, Chancellor, Tom Brokaw, Dan Rather, and Peter Jennings were reassuring, avuncular figures with whom millions of Cheap usb flash drives, Americans shared the dramas of the day. All the mainstream print and broadcast media sought to provide an information supermarket whose aisles—from sports to business to politics, foreign affairs, entertainment news, and gossip—would hopefully attract mass audiences across all classes of society. And they made money—a lot of it—by selling those mass audiences to advertisers. NBC/NBCU Photo Bank via Getty Images.

The money allowed for an extravagant approach to news. Write Argument. Editors and producers could put their news instincts ahead of other considerations, including profits—at least occasionally. I did this myself, dispatching reporters around the country and the world with something awfully close to abandon when I was a senior editor of The Washington Post . Cheap Custom Drives. The best newspapers—the best of a much more crowded field than exists today—invested in Washington bureaus, foreign correspondents, and homework facilities investigative reporting teams, not to mention luxuries almost unheard of now. For years, for example, no reporter for custom usb flash drives the Los Angeles Times had to marketing, suffer the indignity of flying in coach; business or first class was the norm. The broadcast media enjoyed even more extravagance. In the custom 1970s the help essay three television networks each maintained large corps of foreign correspondents stationed in bureaus across the globe, and also domestic bureaus in the major American cities. They all did serious documentaries and showed them in prime time. Editors and producers pursued stories that interested them, without much concern for how readers or viewers might react to the journalism that resulted. Members of this tribe of Cheap custom drives, journalists shared a sense of what “the news” was. The most influential of them were the editors and is purpose of homework reporters on the best newspapers, whose decisions were systematically embraced and echoed by custom usb flash other editors and writers, as well as by the producers of marketing, television news. As many have noted now that their power has declined, these news executives were gatekeepers of a kind, deciding which stories got the most attention.

The most obvious examples of their discretionary power came in the realm of investigative reporting. One of the cardinal events of Cheap custom usb flash drives, this era was Walter Cronkite's decision in late October 1972 to report in detail on the CBS Evening News the findings of two young Washington Post reporters, Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward, on the developing Watergate scandal. Cronkite’s decision highlighted the strength of the news culture, while also helping to put the Post —then still emerging as a leading newspaper—at the center of national attention. This was a golden era in journalism, a time when a prosperous and Assignment help widely-respected press demonstrated an unprecedented willingness to confront a sitting president. Watergate and the Vietnam War both made it much easier to challenge authority. Newspapers especially began to custom drives, show increasing self-confidence—sometimes it felt like arrogance—by moving away from reactive journalism that focused on the events of the previous day and devoting more space and energy to “enterprise” journalism, which included not just in-depth investigations, but stories about trends in society, profiles, and problems facilities planning feature stories. Thanks to this new boldness, the relationship between reporters and government deteriorated and Cheap custom usb flash drives became quite contentious. Deference gave way to skepticism and, often, cynicism about the believability of public officials and government agencies.

One of the great symbolic moments of this era was the decision by the Nixon administration to seek a court order to me, stop The New York Times from Cheap custom usb flash publishing details of a secret Pentagon history of the Vietnam war that a disgruntled official had leaked to the paper. Initially a federal district court accepted the government’s argument that publication endangered “national security,” and Assignment for service marketing issued an Cheap drives order to the Times to Assignment marketing, cease publication of Cheap usb flash drives, stories based on the “Pentagon Papers.” The Times 's source, Daniel Ellsberg, then leaked another set of the papers to The Washington Post , which hurriedly began preparing stories about them. The government sought court action to block the Post as well. The Supreme Court agreed to take the case. The Times and Post hired some of the best (and most expensive) lawyers in Assignment marketing, the country to argue for publication. The court quickly decided in favor of the newspapers' right to publish. Nixon's attempt to custom, impose “prior restraint” on the American press had failed. Two private corporations, the Times and Post companies, had defied the government and then persuaded the supplies paper joondalup Supreme Court to let them get away with it. Journalists still remember this as a critical moment in the history of their business. 1902-03: Ida Tarbell profiles John D. Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company The progressive era of the late 19th and early 20th centuries was a time of Cheap custom usb flash, social activism as Americans and their president, Theodore Roosevelt, fought corruption and monopolistic practices in government and industry.

Tarbell, a former school teacher, wrote a series of articles for McClure’s Magazine about the giant Standard Oil Company and its owner John D. Write Argument. Rockefeller. The series was published in book form in custom drives, 1904, and in 1911 the for service marketing U.S. Supreme Court found the company to be in violation of the usb flash Sherman Antitrust Act, causing its breakup. Ironically, Tarbell didn’t like the term “muckraker,” which was applied to her and other reform-minded journalists of the Assignment for service era. 1906: Upton Sinclair exposes conditions in Cheap custom usb flash drives, Chicago's meatpacking plants Chicago was America’s center of meat processing and packing around the turn of the century in write, 1900. Although Sinclair’s famous 1906 work, The Jungle , was a novel, he based it on seven weeks in disguise working in Chicago’s meatpacking plants. His exposé of conditions that immigrant workers faced in the stockyards and the unsanitary practices of the industry coincided with passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act of custom drives, 1906 and the Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906.

Sinclair later focused on American journalism itself, calling attention in 1920 to the practice of essays buy for, “yellow journalism” in his book The Brass Check . 1953: Murrey Marder dogs Sen. Joseph McCarthy's witch hunt In February 1950, U.S. Senator Joe McCarthy declared that more than 200 Communists were working at the U.S. Usb Flash Drives. State Department. After his re-election in 1952, McCarthy conducted a series of What of homework, hearings on the matter and implicated Army personnel in espionage. In 1953, Murrey Marder, writing for The Washington Post , began full-time coverage of Cheap usb flash drives, Sen. For Service. McCarthy and his hearings. Marder investigated the senator's accusations against Army personnel stationed at Fort Monmouth in Cheap custom, New Jersey, finding that the senator's charges against them were all false. Marder later opened the London bureau of the The Post , and after his retirement, helped create the essays Nieman Watchdog Project.

1962-64: David Halberstam calls foul on the U.S. military's rosy Vietnam claims In October 1963, President John F. Kennedy was so upset about David Halberstam’s reporting from Saigon that he asked Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, the publisher of The New York Times , to transfer David Halberstam out of Vietnam. Since the previous year, Halberstam had offered dogged and Cheap custom drives skeptical coverage of College essays buy for application, U.S. government officials’ optimistic portrayals of their and the South Vietnamese government’s efforts against North Vietnam. Custom Drives. “The job of the reporters in Vietnam,” Halberstam wrote in What is purpose, 1965, “was to usb flash drives, report the news, whether or not the news was good for America.” In 1964, Halberstam earned a Pulitzer Prize for his Vietnam reporting. 1969: Seymour Hersh exposes the My Lai massacre and cover-up In March 1968, U.S. Army soldiers massacred hundreds of civilians in My Lai, a South Vietnamese village. In the months following, Army commanders downplayed the incident, keeping it hidden from the public. However, due to pressure on the chain-of-command from a soldier in the infantry company involved, Lieutenant William Calley, Jr. was court martialed in September 1969 for his role. The public wouldn't learn of My Lai until Hersh, acting on a tip, interviewed Calley and his lawyer. College. Hersh's story was published by drives Dispatch, a small news agency with a tiny staff, and then picked up nationally. Calley was the only soldier convicted in Assignment marketing, relation to the massacre. Hersh won the 1970 Pulitzer Prize for his reporting. 1971: The Pentagon Papers leaked and published.

In 1971, with the Vietnam War still going after almost a decade, a military analyst named Daniel Ellsberg leaked a seven-thousand page history of U.S.-Vietnam relations that had been prepared for internal use by the Pentagon. Lengthy sections of these “Pentagon Papers” were published in The Washington Post and The New York Times , revealing the covert origins of a war that was exceedingly unpopular at home. Cheap Usb Flash Drives. The Nixon administration ordered the newspapers to cease publication of any of the documents. Tom 332 Homework Problems Facilities. This led to a Supreme Court case ( New York Times Co. v. United States ) that eventually ruled in favor of the press. 1972: Woodward and Cheap usb flash Bernstein expose the Watergate break in In June 1972, five men were arrested for breaking into the Democratic National Committee offices at Assignment for service, the Watergate Complex in Cheap, Washington, DC.

Two young reporters at The Washington Post , Bob Woodward and College essays application Carl Bernstein, were intrigued that one of the burglars was on the payroll of President Richard Nixon’s reelection committee and custom usb flash drives began digging further. Essay. Woodward and Bernstein uncovered a series of political crimes and “dirty tricks” that connected the burglary back to the White House. Their reporting led to indictments of Cheap custom drives, 40 administration officials and the eventual resignation of President Nixon. The paper won the 1973 Pulitzer Prize for the investigative reporting. 1992: Florence Graves reveals sexual misconduct in Congress In 1992, shortly after the Anita Hill controversy, Florence Graves, founder of Common Cause magazine, began an investigation into sexual misconduct on Capitol Hill.

She quickly found a pattern of charges pointing to is purpose of homework, Senator Bob Packwood. In the fall of 1992, The Washington Post published Graves'story detailing allegations from 10 women of sexual misconduct by the Oregon senator. The story not only led to the first-ever Senate Ethics Committee investigation of custom usb flash drives, sexual misconduct and the eventual resignation of Senator Packwood, but also to the passage of the landmark Congressional Accountability Act, subjecting Congress to the same discrimination laws as the rest of the nation. 2010: Dana Priest and William Arkin detail secret government organizations On July 19, 2010, Washington Post reporters Dana Priest and William Arkin published “Top Secret America,” a series of investigative articles revealing the massive and what they characterized as mismanaged post-9/11 growth of the for service marketing U.S. intelligence community. The series, benefiting from the work of more than a dozen other journalists at Cheap drives, The Post , compiled hundreds of thousands of records over two years, identifying 45 government organizations (1,271 sub-units) and 1,931 private companies engaged in top-secret intelligence work. The series highlighted the oversight challenges facing such a fast-growing and secretive system with such an important agenda: maintaining the safety of American citizens. Reuters/Jason Reed JIR.

2013: The Washington Post and The Guardian report on NSA surveillance In early June 2013, The Post and The Guardian broke nearly-simultaneous stories about National Security Agency surveillance activities being conducted on U.S. citizens and foreign officials. Both sets of articles, led by Barton Gellman at The Post and Glenn Greenwald at The Guardian , along with Laura Poitras and a literary argument Ewan MacAskill, initially relied on a confidential source who was a former NSA analyst and then-employee at Cheap usb flash, a private sector consulting firm. The source had told Gellman that he was operating out of conscience and knew that he would be exposed. That person was Edward Snowden. Of Homework. Both newspapers shared the Pulitzer Prize this year for their articles.

Washington Post reporters Carl Bernstein (center) and Bob Woodward (left), the team who broke the Watergate story. Washington, D.C., 1974. © Wayne Miller/Magnum Photos. T he golden era had its shortcomings, to be sure. A herd mentality too often prevailed, especially in Washington coverage. Self-important journalists were too common. Custom Drives. And both the conventional wisdom and conventional attitudes remained strong. Tom 332 Facilities Planning. So, for Cheap custom drives example, when confronted by a story like the AIDS epidemic, the great news organizations reacted slowly and clumsily. Few journalists paid serious attention to the rising disparities in American society.

Toward the end of the era, in the first years of the 21st century, the news media succumbed to the national anxieties produced by the 9/11 attacks and failed to challenge effectively the Bush administration's rush to Assignment marketing, war in Iraq. Many journalists joined the rush. This was an embarrassment for our major journalistic institutions and a disservice to the country. Nevertheless, America's best news organizations have proved their value again and again, even in Cheap custom drives, recent years, as their fortunes have declined. The culture of journalistic skepticism born in the 1960s and 1970s has continued to serve the country well. Repeatedly, journalists have broken significant news stories that government officials hoped would never be revealed, from accounts of write paper, Americans torturing terror suspects to revelations of the custom drives systematic mistreatment of veterans at Walter Reed Hospital; from accounts of the government's eavesdropping programs to descriptions of its vast, post-9/11 intelligence apparatus. The major journalistic revelations of the last decade altered the country's image of itself. They mattered.

And society has benefited in less tangible ways, too. Write A Literary Argument. “How would this look on the front page of The Washington Post ?” has been a question asked in offices in Washington ever since the time of Watergate, to good effect. Of course this deterrent to custom, illegal, unethical, or embarrassing behavior is unevenly effective; many miscreant public officials have ignored it, and will in How to write a literary argument paper, the future, whether or not there continues to be a front page of The Washington Post . But this sense of accountability has had a salutary effect. The best journalism has most often been produced by Cheap those news organizations that have both the resources and write paper the courage to defend their best work when it offends or alarms powerful institutions and custom usb flash individuals. The public may perceive journalism as an individualistic enterprise carried out by lone rangers of rectitude, but this is rarely the case. The best work is usually done by a team that has the backing of an organization committed to maintaining the highest standards of seriousness and integrity, and to nurturing talented reporters and editors. Assignment Help. In the trickiest realms of investigative reporting on matters that touch on “national security,” the team—including the Cheap drives writers and Tom 332 homework facilities planning editors as well as the lawyers and often the publisher too—can be critically important.

News organizations that can afford to support such teams are now at Cheap drives, risk. A healthy democratic society requires referees—authority figures with whistles they can blow when they perceive infringements of the rules. Prosecutors and judges fulfill this role in matters of law enforcement, but their writ is limited by the scope of the law. “I am not a crook,” insisted Richard Nixon, and perhaps he wasn't, but he was a kind of political criminal nevertheless, and he was first called to account by journalists. Will such whistle blowers be on the job to confront the next Nixon? Paul Starr, the distinguished Princeton scholar, has put the matter succinctly: “By undermining the economic basis of professional reporting and by School supplies paper joondalup fragmenting the public, [the digital revolution] has weakened the ability of the press to act as an usb flash drives effective agent of public accountability. What. If we take seriously the idea that an independent press serves an essential democratic function, its institutional distress may weaken democracy itself. And that is the custom danger that confronts us.” Bill O'Reilly vs. Jon Stewart 2012: The Rumble In The Air-Conditioned Auditorium at George Washington University on argument October 6, 2012.

Jamie McCarthy/Getty Images for The Rumble 2012. I f today's providers of the best journalism—often referred to usb flash drives, these days, somewhat ominously, as “legacy media,” meaning the old stuff—cannot survive their continuing tribulations, what will take their place? Predicting the future is Assignment marketing, a fool's errand, but some trends are clear. The Internet promotes fragmentation by encouraging the custom usb flash drives development of like-minded communities, from you and your Facebook friends to avid Tea Party supporters who love Breitbart News, a highly readable, relentlessly ideological right-wing news site. Surveys by the Pew Research Center for the People the Press show that increasing numbers of American get their “news” from ideologically congenial sources. The news media are fragmenting just as American society is fragmenting—by class, by region, by supplies joondalup religious inclination, by generation, by ethnic identity, by politics and more. The rise of the fragmented news media is quite a recent phenomenon. Cheap Usb Flash Drives. It really became significant after the inauguration of write a literary, Barack Obama in January 2009. President Obama came into the White House in Cheap usb flash, the midst of the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. He had run as a unifier who would bring a new era of bipartisan collaboration: “Yes we can!” But no, he couldn't. Republicans in Congress decided at Assignment for service marketing, the outset of his administration that they would try to deny the new president any victories.

Obama's early legislative successes, based on the big Democratic majorities in custom usb flash drives, the House and College application Senate produced by the 2008 election, disguised the fact that partisan gridlock lay just around the corner. After 2010, when Republicans regained control of the House, the gridlock set in. The politicians made an uneasy peace with the idea of perpetual partisan warfare. Voters also took increasingly ideological positions, and looked with increasing suspicion on custom usb flash those who disagreed with them. Today's politicians, especially on the right, communicate to “their” voters through “their” media, most notably, of What, course, Fox News. Similarly, liberal Democrats like to Cheap usb flash drives, appear on MSNBC. For Service Marketing. More ideological politicians like a world without Cronkites—without recognized gatekeepers and arbiters. So “the news” that once helped unify the Cheap custom country is is purpose, now just another source of custom usb flash, division.

Daniel Patrick Moynihan used to argue that “everyone is Assignment, entitled to his own opinion, but not to his own facts.” No longer. Politicians and commentators now seem perfectly happy inventing their own reality when it suits their political or ideological purposes. Fox News's determination to Cheap, ridicule the Assignment for service Affordable Care Act—”Obamacare”—had nothing to do with traditional journalistic truth-seeking. Rather, it was part of a propaganda campaign. The MSNBC cable network, part of NBC, which used to be a serious news organization, saw a business opportunity in making itself a liberal alternative to Fox, the Cheap most profitable cable news network, and now unabashedly propagates a liberal view of the news. Fox and Assignment marketing MSNBC have both decided to cater to their audiences not with original reporting of the news (which is expensive), but with commentary on the news interspersed with broadcasts of set-piece events like presidential news conferences. Curiously, or revealingly, there is little outrage in the culture about these developments. We seem to have adapted to the demise of the old expectations about accuracy, fairness, and reporting without much of a fight. Some of the new online products produce interesting and informative journalism, but none has the ambitions or the sense of responsibility of the best publications. They couldn't afford those luxuries. A great news organization is expensive.

The newsroom of The New York Times costs about $230 million a year. The news operation of Cheap usb flash drives, The Washington Post , already substantially diminished from the height of its profitability and influence, still costs more than $90 million a year. Without the revenues to support them, newsrooms all over the country have been decimated. Newspapers employed 59,000 journalists in 1989, and 36,000 in How to a literary argument, 2012 (and fewer since then). Once-formidable institutions including The Baltimore Sun , Chicago Tribune , Los Angeles Times , and Miami Herald are vastly diminished. Others have gone out of business altogether. The significant news organizations that have survived are under terrific pressure now. A revealing document emerged this spring from The New York Times , a 96-page report written by Cheap custom usb flash drives a committee of Times employees on the digital future. Reading it makes clear the extent to which even Times reporters and editors now see the demands of the digital age as incompatible with their traditional pursuits.

The committee argues that The New York Times must become a “digital first” organization. “That means aggressively questioning many of buy for, our print-based traditions and their demands on our time, and determining which can be abandoned to free up resources for digital work.” One example cited in the report: “Packaging, promoting and sharing our journalism” on the Internet—three activities that have nothing to do with reporting and writing news stories—must become a priority for the newsroom. Even when journalists are allowed to pursue traditional reporting, the requirements of online journalism limit their opportunities to do so. Before the big papers had websites, a reporter could take all day to cover an event, talk to sources to get background information, consider the implications of the new developments, and write a story for the next day's paper. Today the same reporter has to file multiple versions of the same story as the custom day progresses, adding new tidbits as she acquires them. There is write a literary paper, much less time available to dig into a story and drives discover its ramifications.

The quantity of original reporting has surely declined as the importance of the Internet has grown. One immediate effect of all these changes and cutbacks is that there's no paper in America today that can offer the same coverage of How to write a literary argument paper, its city, suburbs, and state that it provided 20 or even 10 years ago, and scores of city halls and state legislatures get virtually no coverage by any substantive news organizations. Television remains the primary source of news for most Americans, but local stations have dramatically reduced their reporting staffs, and the networks no longer try to cover the world and the country as they once did. It’s true that the usb flash drives federal government in Washington still gets a lot of attention from reporters. But one large category of Washington coverage has virtually disappeared: journalism about members of Congress by news organizations “back home.” A generation ago scores of local newspapers and television stations employed Washington correspondents who kept an eye on the members of the Assignment help me House and Senate from their cities and Cheap usb flash states. Senator Christopher Dodd recalls that in his early years in supplies paper joondalup, the Senate, in the 1980s, a dozen reporters from drives Connecticut outlets were based in Washington and reported regularly on his activities. By the time he retired in 2010, that number had fallen to zero.

No Connecticut newspaper or television station had a reporter in the nation's capital. Facade of for service, The Newseum, incorporating the text of the Cheap First Amendment to the United States Constitution. David Monack/Wikimedia Commons. A re there no grounds for optimism, or even hope? Of course there are. In this age of College essays application, creative destruction, the destruction is usb flash, more obvious than the creativity, but some of the What of homework new, online providers of news are doing interesting work that helps compensate for the shrinkage of Cheap custom usb flash, traditional outlets' reporting staffs.

For example, in Connecticut there are now several bloggers reporting on the state's members of Congress, and CT Mirror, a non-profit news site, has a full-time Washington reporter. Help. Around the custom country dozens of help me, news websites have sprung up to provide some local coverage, many of them employing their own reporters, and a few of them are quite good. There are also several web-based operations that sometimes break important national stories. The very best of custom usb flash, them is ProPublica, a non-profit organization founded by Paul Steiger, the former managing editor of The Wall Street Journal , that is Assignment essay me, devoted to custom drives, investigative reporting, an expensive specialty that has suffered in the era of disappearing newspaper profits. What Of Homework. ProPublica provides pro bono journalism of the highest quality, as good as the investigative projects of the Cheap drives major newspapers. Its budget of $12 million a year, nearly all raised from donors, funds a staff of 45 reporters and editors. School Supplies Paper Joondalup. But as its journalists acknowledge, the ProPublica stories that have the custom usb flash drives greatest impact are those done in collaboration with legacy news media that publish or broadcast them. Its own excellent website has a relatively small audience. AP Photo/Jason DeCrow.

Other non-profit organizations are also providing reporting at a level that only the major news organizations used to offer. For Service. The winner of the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for custom investigative reporting was Chris Hamby of the How to write Center for Public Integrity in Washington, a non-profit watchdog organization that maintains vast electronic files tracing the flow of Cheap custom usb flash drives, money into our politics. Marcus Brauchli, who has served as the senior editor of both The Wall Street Journal and The Washington Post , observed recently that thanks to Internet offerings, the quantity of American journalism has never been greater. It used to be the case that newspapers like the Times and Post offered their readers what was usually the very best coverage available in a wide range of news categories—there were no serious competitors. Today there are competitors in every one: ESPN in sports, Politico in Washington coverage, BuzzFeed in the world of popular culture, and paper joondalup so on. We at the Post used to have a corner on the market in Washington—no competitor could challenge us in any of our major categories. No corners are available now.

New York Times Building. Jleon/ Wikimedia Commons. I f there is some good news, it's hardly enough to be reassuring. Something more substantial has to happen to sustain the kind of journalistic excellence that a democracy requires. Cheap Usb Flash Drives. Of course there can be technological surprises. Is Purpose Of Homework. A group of young people could be working in a Silicon Valley garage right now on an idea that could re-establish a healthy revenue stream for major news organizations. I certainly hope so. Efforts to save serious journalism enjoy one natural advantage: smart people playing influential roles in custom, society know that they need good information about What is purpose, many subjects.

It is usb flash drives, conceivable that these citizens, who are a significant audience albeit a small fraction of the essays total population, will be willing to Cheap custom drives, pay the full cost of the journalism they consume. At first blush this may sound painfully obvious. Don't people usually pay for the services they use? Not the news. Before websites, readers paid a pittance for their news in newspapers that were deliberately priced below the cost of a cup of coffee to try to maximize circulation (and therefore advertising dollars). School Paper. And then for usb flash drives the better part of two decades—the first decades of the World Wide Web—online consumers got used to the idea that news was not just cheap but free. In the help United States The Wall Street Journal was the only major publication that charged for online access to custom usb flash, its journalism. Everyone else gave their work away on the theory—or hope—that this was the way to build the audiences that advertisers would eventually pay to reach. Then in March 2011, The New York Times announced a paywall that required regular online readers to pay for its journalism, a risky gambit that has proven remarkably successful.

At the beginning of a literary, April the Times had 800,000 “digital subscribers,” people paying to read the paper on Cheap usb flash drives electronic devices only. (The daily ink-on-paper Times is help essay me, bought by 680,000 people, and 1.2 million on Sundays.) Digital subscriptions currently bring in more than $150 million a year, money that has saved the company from the grave financial crisis caused by declining revenues for the print edition. The Washington Post and most other large newspapers followed the Times , if they were not already charging for online access. Though none of the others has had as much success signing up digital subscribers as the Times , the custom usb flash newspaper’s ability to persuade online readers to pay is heartening. It suggests at least the possibility that over time, consumers of news might follow the path of television viewers, who once thought—before the arrival of cable television—that TV was free, but eventually got used to paying substantial monthly cable bills. Some version of that transition could save the traditional news business—if some clever inventor can figure out how to make it happen. Until now no one has, and even the Tom 332 homework problems facilities planning Times 's encouraging numbers fall short of a solution that could save its $235 million-a-year newsroom. A morning edition of the Washington Post- August 6, 2013. Amazon.com Inc founder Jeff Bezos bought the custom newspaper in a surprise deal that ended the Graham family's 80 years of ownership. “Design the electronic classifieds now.” see the full memo. L ast fall, when he met the staff of College essays, The Washington Post soon after buying the paper, Jeff Bezos of Amazon spoke about the Cheap usb flash importance of facilities planning, “the bundle,” as he called the variety of news, opinion, useful information, and entertainment that the Post offers each day. The goal in the digital age, Bezos said, had to be to make the bundle attractive to a lot of people—so attractive that they would be willing to pay for it.

The average age of the custom usb flash readers of the What is purpose of homework printed paper, Bezos noted, goes up “about one year every year.” It's no secret where that leads, he quipped. Now that he owns the money-losing Post , Bezos faces the challenge of how to custom usb flash drives, sell that bundle. Michael Moritz of Sequoia Capital, one of the country's most successful venture capitalists, summarized the problem: “How [can] an Internet property, dedicated to broad-based news and is purpose information, ever generate a lot of money? Without solving that riddle, there is no path to prosperity.” Of course, a large organization offering “broad-based news and custom information” is not the only conceivable model. Personally I am convinced that our society will be best served by the survival of a few distinguished news organizations committed to holding powerful people accountable for the ways they use their power.

This view is certainly a product of my lifetime's service in one such organization. But there are other possibilities. The news supermarkets we are used to may not survive, but “disaggregated” news organizations specializing in specific subjects might, over time, provide the accountability journalism we need. One interesting example is the SCOTUS blog, which provides excellent coverage of the Supreme Court. It makes no profit, but is supported by Bloomberg. Politico's coverage of Washington and politics, though uneven, is better than that of any but the very best news organizations. And Politico, thanks to revenue from its Capitol Hill newspaper edition, actually makes money. It is also possible that “prosperity” won't be necessary.

The $250 million Bezos paid for The Washington Post was a tiny sliver of his $30 billion net worth. For him to cover the Post 's losses now costs the equivalent of lunch money for an ordinary mortal—something Bezos could easily afford for decades to come, if he chooses to supplies paper, play the angel's role indefinitely. The money-losing Boston Globe , sold at a huge loss by Cheap drives The New York Times in College application, 2013, has a deep-pocketed new owner in custom, John Henry, principal owner of the Boston Red Sox, who similarly could keep the paper afloat indefinitely if he wants to. Assignment Essay Me. There might be comparable angels in the futures of other news organizations. New Yorkers have speculated for years that their former mayor, Michael Bloomberg, worth $34 billion, might play that role some day for The New York Times . The wealthiest giants in this brave new world are companies that did not exist 20 years ago, inventive outfits that have capitalized on digital technologies most effectively. Facebook and Google, for usb flash example, bestride the globe like modern-day King Kongs, catering to billions of essays, people and earning scores of Cheap usb flash drives, billions of dollars. Both exploit the work of traditional providers of news that create information useful to Facebook friends and Google searchers. Tom 332. They lead large numbers of readers to the journalism of the legacy media. But they contribute relatively little to the survival of those providers. These firms were created by a new generation of young people whose self-interest may lead them either to Cheap usb flash drives, realize the for service marketing importance of the legacy institutions, or figure out how to create new ways to do what the Cheap drives old news organizations did in the past.

Financially, it would be easy for Google to rescue The New York Times . The annual cost of the Times 's newsroom represents less than 2 percent of Google's 2013 profits. Google, or someone else, could also create new news organizations dedicated to excellent coverage of of homework, narrow fields. The future, in Mort Sahl's wise words, lies ahead—but remains invisible. News as we know it is at risk. So is Cheap usb flash drives, democratic governance, which depends on an effective watchdog news media. Both have been undermined by School supplies paper joondalup changes in society wrought by digital technologies—among the most powerful forces ever unleashed by mankind. We have barely begun the Digital Age, and there is no point in trying to predict just where it will take us. News certainly has a future, but what that will be is unclear. All that we know for certain is that we are lighting out for new territory. Join the Cheap conversation on Twitter using #BrookingsEssay or share this on Facebook . This Essay is also available as an eBook from these online retailers: Amazon Kindle, Barnes Noble, Apple iTunes, Google Play, and on Kobo.

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