Rhetorical strategies essay

book report grade 1 Why do book reports strike terror in the hearts of most students? Simply, writing a book report is not easy. A book report challenges students to think and write critically about what they’ve read. Rhetorical Strategies Essay. In the early elementary grades, extra support is given, often with book report worksheets that prompt students to write about a favorite character and other book details. But as children progress through upper elementary, middle, and high school, they are expected to write book reports independently. At Time4Writing, we work with students on an individual basis to develop their writing skills through online writing courses. We hope this roadmap helps your child navigate writing a school book report with a minimum amount of terror! How to Write a Book Report. Before you write, read. There’s no substitute for reading the book.

Choose a book you’ll enjoy—reading should be fun, not a chore! Read with a pen and paper at your side. Jotting down page numbers and notes about significant passages will be very useful when it comes time to write. Remember, unless your book is a personal copy, don’t write in the book itself. Use a Book Report Outline. After reading the book, you are ready to start the writing process. When writing a book report, or when answering any writing prompt, you#8217;ll find writing easier if you follow the assignment solution proven steps of the writing process: prewriting, writing, revising, editing, and publishing. In the first step, prewriting, you’ll plan what you want to say. An outline is a great prewriting tool for book reports. Start your book report outline with the following five ideas.

Each idea should correspond to Rhetorical a paragraph: 2. Risk Management Assignment Wiki. Summary of Book. 3. Book Details: Characters. 4. Book Details: Plot. Strategies Essay. 5. Evaluation and Conclusion. In organizing your thoughts, jot down a few ideas for each of these paragraphs. Reminder: Every grade level (and teacher) has different requirements for book report content.

Review your teacher’s instructions before you create your book report outline. Most book reports begin with the basic information about the book: the book’s title, author, genre, and publication information (publisher, number of pages, and year published). Plan Assignment. The opening paragraph is also your opportunity to build interest by mentioning any unusual facts or circumstances about the writing of the book or noteworthy credentials of the author. Was the book a bestseller? Is the author a well-known authority on the subject? Book reports are personal, too, so it’s perfectly acceptable to state why you chose to read it. In the body of the book report—paragraphs two, three, and strategies essay four—you’ll describe what the book is about. This is your chance to show you’ve read and understood the book. Assuming you’ve read a fiction book, below are helpful writing tips: Summary: Start this paragraph by writing an overview of the story, including its setting, time period, main characters, and plot.

Specify who tells the story (point of view) and the tone or atmosphere of the book. Is it a creepy tale of Write introduction suspense or a lighthearted adventure? Character Details: In this paragraph, describe the strategies main characters and identify the major conflict or problem the main characters are trying to solve. You can also write another paragraph about the other characters in the book. Plot Details: In writing about the plot, you don’t need to tell every detail of the story. Instead, focus on Geometry homework help and answers workbook the main sequence of events.

You can discuss plot highlights, from the rising action to the book’s climax and strategies conflict resolution. Make sure you mention the author’s use of any literary devices you’ve been studying in class. Book Reports on Non-fiction. Life Challenge Essay. If you are writing a book report on strategies a biography or other factual text, you’ll want to devote the body of your book report to a description of the Strategic assignment solution book’s subject and the author’s points of view. Use the strategies chapter headings to help you present the author’s ideas and Teaching writing to esl arguments in Rhetorical essay an orderly manner. As with a fictional plot, you don’t have to cover every argument made by the author. Writing To Esl Ppt. Instead, choose the main ideas and the ones most interesting to you. Essay. If you read a biography, write about Life essay, some of the Rhetorical strategies important events in the person’s life. Personal Evaluation and essay Conclusion. You’ll like writing the Rhetorical essay final paragraph because it is here that you’ll be able to offer your own critique of the Geometry help book. What are the book’s strengths and weaknesses?

Did the Rhetorical book hold your interest? What did you learn from the Write an interesting introduction book? If you read a work of fiction, how did the book affect you? If you read non-fiction, were you swayed by the author’s arguments? Try to be balanced in your opinions, and support your statements with examples from the book.

Give your honest opinion of the Rhetorical strategies essay book and whether or not you would recommend it to challenge others. Revising, Editing, and Publishing. After you’ve drafted your book report, you’re ready to essay follow the next three steps of the writing process: revising, editing, and publishing. Begin revising by assignment reading your book report aloud or to a friend for feedback. Rhetorical Strategies. As you edit, check your grammar and use of the correct guidelines for book quotes and writing the book title. Give enough time to Teaching writing students revising and editing, and your published book report will be that much better. Book Reports: A Type of Expository Essay. A book report is usually written as an expository essay, although it can be written in other forms. In some cases, a teacher will ask students to take a point of view when writing a book report. Here is an example: “Explain why Hoot by Rhetorical strategies essay Carl Hiiassen is the Albany high best American kid’s novel of the last decade.

Please use examples.” This type of writing prompt requires a persuasive style of writing. Teachers may also assign book reviews, which challenge students to Rhetorical essay persuade their classmates to read or not read a particular book. If writing a book review, don’t reveal the ending! Rely on Your Writing Training to Write Book Reports. Time4Writing#8217;s online writing classes and one-to-one, teacher-led instruction help in building students’ writing skills. Geometry Homework. When students develop strong basic skills, they can succeed at any writing assignment, including a book report. Time4Writing offers online writing courses for kids in elementary, middle school, and high school, and strategies essay pairs each student with a certified teacher for personalized writing instruction. Time4Writing’s eight-week, online writing courses are highly effective in helping students develop their writing skills and building confidence.

Find out Life challenge essay how Time4Writing#8217;s online writing classes can make a real difference in Rhetorical strategies essay your child’s writing.

PAPACHRISTOU v. CITY OF JACKSONVILLE. Argued: December 8, 1971 Decided: February 24, 1972. The Jacksonville vagrancy ordinance, under which petitioners were convicted, is strategies essay, void for vagueness, in that it fails to give a person of ordinary intelligence fair notice that his contemplated conduct is forbidden by the statute, it encourages arbitrary and erratic arrests and convictions, it makes criminal activities that by modern standards are normally innocent, and Teaching writing students ppt it places almost unfettered discretion in the hands of the police. Pp. 161-171.

236 So.2d 141, reversed. DOUGLAS, J., delivered the opinion of the Rhetorical strategies essay Court, in Teaching to esl students ppt which all Members joined except POWELL and REHNQUIST, JJ., who took no part in the consideration or decision of the Rhetorical strategies case. Samuel S. Jacobson argued the cause and filed briefs for an interesting essay petitioners. T. Edward Austin, Jr., argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief were James C. Rhetorical Strategies Essay! Rinaman, Jr., and J. Edward Wall. MR. JUSTICE DOUGLAS delivered the Strategic management solution opinion of the Court. This case involves eight defendants who were convicted in a Florida municipal court of violating a Jacksonville, Florida, vagrancy ordinance. 1 Their convictions [405 U.S. 156, 157] were affirmed by the Florida Circuit Court in a consolidated appeal, and their petition for strategies essay certiorari was denied by the District Court of Appeal on the authority of students, Johnson v. State, 202 So.2d 852.

2 The case is [405 U.S. 156, 158] here on a petition for essay certiorari, which we granted. 403 U.S. 917 . For reasons which will appear, we reverse. At issue are five consolidated cases. Margaret Papachristou, Betty Calloway, Eugene Eddie Melton, and Leonard Johnson were all arrested early on a Sunday morning, and charged with vagrancy - prowling by auto. Jimmy Lee Smith and Milton Henry were charged with vagrancy - vagabonds. Henry Edward Heath and a codefendant were arrested for vagrancy - loitering and common thief.

Thomas Owen Campbell was charged with vagrancy - common thief. Hugh Brown was charged with vagrancy - disorderly loitering on street and disorderly conduct - resisting arrest with violence. The facts are stipulated. Papachristou and Calloway are white females. Melton and Teaching writing to esl students ppt Johnson are black males. Rhetorical Strategies! Papachristou was enrolled in a job-training program sponsored by the State Employment Service at Florida Junior College in Jacksonville. Writing! Calloway was a typing and shorthand teacher at a state mental institution located near Jacksonville. She was the owner of the Rhetorical essay automobile in which the four defendants were arrested.

Melton was a Vietnam war veteran who had been released from the assignment solution Navy after nine months in a veterans' hospital. On the date of his arrest he was a part-time computer helper while attending college as a full-time student in Jacksonville. Johnson was a tow-motor operator in Rhetorical a grocery chain warehouse and management assignment solution was a lifelong resident of Jacksonville. At the time of their arrest the four of them were riding [405 U.S. 156, 159] in Calloway's car on Rhetorical, the main thoroughfare in Jacksonville. They had left a restaurant owned by writing to esl students, Johnson's uncle where they had eaten and were on Rhetorical essay, their way to a nightclub. The arresting officers denied that the racial mixture in assignment the car played any part in Rhetorical the decision to make the arrest. School Assignment! The arrest, they said, was made because the Rhetorical strategies essay defendants had stopped near a used-car lot which had been broken into several times. There was, however, no evidence of any breaking and entering on the night in paragraph essay question. Of these four charged with prowling by auto none had been previously arrested except Papachristou who had once been convicted of a municipal offense. Jimmy Lee Smith and Milton Henry (who is not a petitioner) were arrested between 9 and 10 a. m. on a weekday in downtown Jacksonville, while waiting for a friend who was to strategies, lend them a car so they could apply for a job at a produce company.

Smith was a part-time produce worker and part-time organizer for a Negro political group. He had a common-law wife and three children supported by homework help workbook, him and strategies essay his wife. He had been arrested several times but convicted only paragraph once. Smith's companion, Henry, was an 18-year-old high school student with no previous record of arrest. This morning it was cold, and Rhetorical strategies Smith had no jacket, so they went briefly into a dry cleaning shop to wait, but left when requested to Teaching students ppt, do so.

They thereafter walked back and Rhetorical forth two or three times over Geometry help workbook, a two-block stretch looking for their friend. The store owners, who apparently were wary of Smith and his companion, summoned two police officers who searched the men and strategies found neither had a weapon. But they were arrested because the officers said they had no identification and because the officers did not believe their story. Heath and a codefendant were arrested for loitering and for management common thief. Both were residents of Jacksonville, Heath having lived there all his life and being [405 U.S.

156, 160] employed at an automobile body shop. Heath had previously been arrested but his codefendant had no arrest record. Heath and his companion were arrested when they drove up to a residence shared by Heath's girl friend and some other girls. Some police officers were already there in the process of arresting another man. Rhetorical Essay! When Heath and his companion started backing out of the driveway, the officers signaled to them to stop and asked them to get out of the management plan car, which they did. Thereupon they and the automobile were searched. Although no contraband or incriminating evidence was found, they were both arrested, Heath being charged with being a common thief because he was reputed to be a thief. The codefendant was charged with loitering because he was standing in the driveway, an strategies essay, act which the officers admitted was done only at their command. Campbell was arrested as he reached his home very early one morning and management plan was charged with common thief.

He was stopped by officers because he was traveling at a high rate of speed, yet no speeding charge was placed against him. Brown was arrested when he was observed leaving a downtown Jacksonville hotel by a police officer seated in a cruiser. The police testified he was reputed to be a thief, narcotics pusher, and generally opprobrious character. The officer called Brown over to the car, intending at that time to arrest him unless he had a good explanation for being on the street. Brown walked over to the police cruiser, as commanded, and the officer began to search him, apparently preparatory to essay, placing him in the car.

In the Albany high writing process of the search he came on two small packets which were later found to contain heroin. Essay! When the officer touched the pocket where the Albany high assignment packets were, Brown began to resist. Strategies! He was charged with disorderly loitering on street and disorderly [405 U.S. 156, 161] conduct - resisting arrest with violence. While he was also charged with a narcotics violation, that charge was nolled. Jacksonville's ordinance and Florida's statute were derived from early English law, Johnson v. State, 202 So.2d, at 854, and employ archaic language in their definitions of vagrants. Id., at 855. The history is an oftentold tale.

The breakup of feudal estates in England led to labor shortages which in turn resulted in the Statutes of Laborers, 3 designed to stabilize the management assignment solution labor force by prohibiting increases in wages and Rhetorical essay prohibiting the Write paragraph essay movement of workers from their home areas in search of improved conditions. Later vagrancy laws became criminal aspects of the poor laws. The series of Rhetorical essay, laws passed in England on the subject became increasingly severe. 4 [405 U.S. 156, 162] But the theory of the Elizabethan poor laws no longer fits the facts, Edwards v. California, 314 U.S. Life Challenge Essay! 160, 174 . The conditions which spawned these laws may be gone, but the essay archaic classifications remain. This ordinance is void for vagueness, both in the sense that it fails to give a person of to esl, ordinary intelligence fair notice that his contemplated conduct is forbidden by the statute, United States v. Harriss, 347 U.S. 612, 617 , and because it encourages arbitrary and erratic arrests and convictions. Thornhill v. Strategies Essay! Alabama, 310 U.S. 88 ; Herndon v. Lowry, 301 U.S.

242 . Living under a rule of law entails various suppositions, one of which is that [all persons] are entitled to be informed as to what the State commands or forbids. Teaching Writing Students! Lanzetta v. New Jersey, 306 U.S. 451, 453 . Lanzetta is one of strategies, a well-recognized group of cases insisting that the law give fair notice of the offending conduct. See Connally v. General Construction Co., 269 U.S. High School Assignment! 385, 391 ; Cline v. Frink Dairy Co., 274 U.S. 445 ; United States v. Cohen Grocery Co., 255 U.S. 81 . Strategies Essay! In the field of and answers workbook, regulatory statutes governing business activities, where the acts limited are in a narrow category, greater leeway is allowed.

Boyce Motor Lines, Inc. Rhetorical Strategies Essay! v. United States, 342 U.S. 337 ; United States v. National Dairy Products Corp., 372 U.S. 29 ; United States v. Petrillo, 332 U.S. 1 . The poor among us, the minorities, the average house-holder are not in business and not alerted to the regulatory [405 U.S. 156, 163] schemes of vagrancy laws; and we assume they would have no understanding of their meaning and impact if they read them. Geometry Homework Help And Answers Workbook! Nor are they protected from being caught in the vagrancy net by the necessity of having a specific intent to commit an unlawful act. See Screws v. United States, 325 U.S. 91 ; Boyce Motor Lines, Inc. v. United States, supra. The Jacksonville ordinance makes criminal activities which by modern standards are normally innocent. Nightwalking is one.

Florida construes the strategies ordinance not to make criminal one night's wandering, Johnson v. State, 202 So.2d, at 855, only the habitual wanderer or, as the ordinance describes it, common night walkers. We know, however, from experience that sleepless people often walk at Albany high assignment, night, perhaps hopeful that sleep-inducing relaxation will result. Luis Munoz-Marin, former Governor of Puerto Rico, commented once that loafing was a national virtue in his Commonwealth and that it should be encouraged. Strategies! It is, however, a crime in Jacksonville. [P]ersons able to work but habitually living upon the earnings of their wives or minor children - like habitually living without visible means of support - might implicate unemployed pillars of the community who have married rich wives. [P]ersons able to work but habitually living upon the earnings of their wives or minor children may also embrace unemployed people out of the Write an interesting paragraph essay labor market, by strategies essay, reason of management plan assignment, a recession 5 or disemployed by reason of technological or so-called structural displacements. [405 U.S. 156, 164] Persons wandering or strolling from place to strategies essay, place have been extolled by Walt Whitman and Vachel Lindsay.

6 The qualification without any lawful purpose or object may be a trap for innocent acts. Persons neglecting all lawful business and an interesting habitually spending their time by frequenting . . . places where alcoholic beverages are sold or served would literally embrace many members of golf clubs and city clubs. Walkers and strollers and wanderers may be going to or coming from a burglary. Loafers or loiterers may be casing a place for strategies essay a holdup. Letting one's wife support him is an intra-family matter, and normally of no concern to the police. Yet it may, of course, be the essay setting for essay numerous crimes. The difficulty is that these activities are historically part of the amenities of life as we have known them. They are not mentioned in the Constitution or in the Bill of Rights.

These unwritten amenities have been in part responsible for giving our people the feeling of independence and self-confidence, the feeling of creativity. These amenities have dignified the right of dissent and have honored the right to be nonconformists and the right to defy submissiveness. They have encouraged lives of high spirits rather than hushed, suffocating silence. They are embedded in Walt Whitman's writings, especially in his Song of the Open Road. Ppt! They are reflected, too, in the spirit of Vachel Lindsay's I Want to essay, Go Wandering, and by Henry D. Writing Assignment! Thoreau. 7 [405 U.S. 156, 165] This aspect of the vagrancy ordinance before us is Rhetorical, suggested by what this Court said in 1876 about a broad criminal statute enacted by Teaching writing students, Congress: It would certainly be dangerous if the legislature could set a net large enough to catch all possible offenders, and leave it to the courts to step inside and say who could be rightfully detained, and who should be set at large. United States v. Reese, 92 U.S. Strategies! 214, 221 . While that was a federal case, the challenge due process implications are equally applicable to the States and to Rhetorical essay, this vagrancy ordinance. Here the net cast is large, not to give the courts the power to Risk assignment, pick and choose but to increase the strategies essay arsenal of the police.

In Winters v. New York, 333 U.S. 507 , the Court struck down a New York statute that made criminal the distribution of a magazine made up principally of items of criminal deeds of bloodshed or lust so massed as to become vehicles for inciting violent and depraved crimes against the person. The infirmity the Court found was vagueness - the absence of Life challenge essay, ascertainable standards of guilt (id., at 515) in the [405 U.S. 156, 166] sensitive First Amendment area. 8 Mr. Justice Frankfurter dissented. But concerned as he, and many others, 9 had been over the vagrancy laws, he added: Only a word needs to be said regarding Lanzetta v. New Jersey, 306 U.S.

451 . The case involved a New Jersey statute of the type that seek to control `vagrancy.' These statutes are in a class by themselves, in Rhetorical strategies view of the familiar abuses to which they are put. . . . Definiteness is designedly avoided so as to Albany school writing, allow the net to be cast at large, to enable men to be caught who are vaguely undesirable in the eyes of police and prosecution, although not chargeable with any particular offense. In short, these `vagrancy statutes' and Rhetorical laws against `gangs' are not fenced in by the text of the statute or by the subject matter so as to Albany, give notice of conduct to essay, be avoided. Id., at 540. Where the list of help and answers workbook, crimes is so all-inclusive and generalized 10 as the one in this ordinance, those convicted [405 U.S. Essay! 156, 167] may be punished for no more than vindicating affronts to police authority: The common ground which brings such a motley assortment of human troubles before the magistrates in vagrancy-type proceedings is the procedural laxity which permits `conviction' for almost any kind of conduct and the existence of the House of Correction as an easy and convenient dumping-ground for problems [405 U.S. 156, 168] that appear to have no other immediate solution. Foote, Vagrancy-Type Law and Its Administration, 104 U. Pa. L. Rev. 603, 631. Homework And Answers Workbook! 11.

Another aspect of the ordinance's vagueness appears when we focus, not on the lack of notice given a potential offender, but on the effect of the unfettered discretion it places in the hands of the strategies Jacksonville police. Caleb Foote, an early student of this subject, has called the Albany assignment vagrancy-type law as offering punishment by analogy. Rhetorical! Id., at 609. Such crimes, though long common in Russia, 12 are not compatible with our constitutional [405 U.S. 156, 169] system. Homework Help! We allow our police to make arrests only on essay, probable cause, 13 a Fourth and Fourteenth Amendment standard applicable to the States 14 as well as to the Federal Government. Arresting a person on suspicion, like arresting a person for investigation, is foreign to Geometry and answers workbook, our system, even when the arrest is for past criminality. Future criminality, however, is the common justification for the presence of vagrancy statutes. See Foote, supra, at Rhetorical strategies essay, 625.

Florida has, indeed, construed her vagrancy statute as necessary regulations, inter alia, to Life challenge essay, deter vagabondage and prevent crimes. Johnson v. State, 202 So.2d 852; Smith v. State, 239 So.2d 250, 251. A direction by Rhetorical strategies, a legislature to the police to arrest all suspicious persons 15 would not pass constitutional muster. A vagrancy prosecution may be merely the Geometry workbook cloak for a conviction which could not be obtained on the real but undisclosed grounds for the arrest. People [405 U.S. 156, 170] v. Moss, 309 N. Y. 429, 131 N. Strategies Essay! E. 2d 717. But as Chief Justice Hewart said in Frederick Dean, 18 Crim. App. Writing Students! 133, 134 (1924):

It would be in the highest degree unfortunate if in Rhetorical strategies any part of the to esl students ppt country those who are responsible for setting in motion the criminal law should entertain, connive at or coquette with the idea that in Rhetorical strategies essay a case where there is not enough evidence to charge the prisoner with an attempt to commit a crime, the management assignment wiki prosecution may, nevertheless, on such insufficient evidence, succeed in obtaining and upholding a conviction under the Vagrancy Act, 1824. Those generally implicated by the imprecise terms of the ordinance - poor people, nonconformists, dissenters, idlers - may be required to comport themselves according to the lifestyle deemed appropriate by the Jacksonville police and the courts. Where, as here, there are no standards governing the exercise of the Rhetorical discretion granted by the ordinance, the scheme permits and encourages an arbitrary and discriminatory enforcement of the Albany writing law. It furnishes a convenient tool for harsh and discriminatory enforcement by Rhetorical strategies, local prosecuting officials, against particular groups deemed to merit their displeasure. Thornhill v. Alabama, 310 U.S. 88, 97 -98. It results in a regime in an interesting essay which the poor and the unpopular are permitted to strategies, stand on a public sidewalk . . . only at the whim of any police officer. Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham, 382 U.S.

87, 90 . Under this ordinance, [I]f some carefree type of fellow is satisfied to high school, work just so much, and no more, as will pay for one square meal, some wine, and a flophouse daily, but a court thinks this kind of living subhuman, the strategies fellow can be forced to raise his sights or go to Albany school, jail as a vagrant. Amsterdam, Federal Constitutional Restrictions on the Punishment of Crimes of Rhetorical strategies essay, Status, [405 U.S. 156, 171] Crimes of General Obnoxiousness, Crimes of Displeasing Police Officers, and the Like, 3 Crim. L. High Assignment! Bull. 205, 226 (1967). A presumption that people who might walk or loaf or loiter or stroll or frequent houses where liquor is Rhetorical strategies, sold, or who are supported by their wives or who look suspicious to the police are to become future criminals is too precarious for a rule of law. The implicit presumption in these generalized vagrancy standards - that crime is being nipped in the bud - is too extravagant to deserve extended treatment. Introduction! Of course, vagrancy statutes are useful to the police. Of course, they are nets making easy the roundup of so-called undesirables. But the rule of law implies equality and justice in its application.

Vagrancy laws of the Jacksonville type teach that the scales of Rhetorical strategies essay, justice are so tipped that even-handed administration of the law is not possible. The rule of law, evenly applied to minorities as well as majorities, to the poor as well as the rich, is the great mucilage that holds society together. The Jacksonville ordinance cannot be squared with our constitutional standards and is plainly unconstitutional. MR. JUSTICE POWELL and MR. JUSTICE REHNQUIST took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.

Rogues and vagabonds, or dissolute persons who go about begging, common gamblers, persons who use juggling or unlawful games or plays, common drunkards, common night walkers, thieves, pilferers or pickpockets, traders in stolen property, lewd, wanton and lascivious persons, keepers of gambling places, common railers and brawlers, [405 U.S. 156, 157] persons wandering or strolling around from place to introduction, place without any lawful purpose or object, habitual loafers, disorderly persons, persons neglecting all lawful business and habitually spending their time by frequenting houses of ill fame, gaming houses, or places where alcoholic beverages are sold or served, persons able to work but habitually living upon the earnings of their wives or minor children shall be deemed vagrants and, upon strategies conviction in the Municipal Court shall be punished as provided for Class D offenses. Class D offenses at the time of these arrests and convictions were punishable by 90 days' imprisonment, $500 fine, or both. Jacksonville Ordinance Code 1-8 (1965). The maximum punishment has since been reduced to 75 days or $450. 304.101 (1971). We are advised that that downward revision was made to avoid federal right-to-counsel decisions.

The Fifth Circuit case extending right to Geometry homework and answers workbook, counsel in misdemeanors where a fine of $500 or 90 days' imprisonment could be imposed is Harvey v. Rhetorical! Mississippi, 340 F.2d 263 (1965). We are advised that at homework help, present the Jacksonville vagrancy ordinance is Rhetorical essay, 330.107 and management wiki identical with the earlier one except that juggling has been eliminated. [ Footnote 2 ] Florida also has a vagrancy statute, Fla. Rhetorical Strategies! Stat. 856.02 (1965), which reads quite closely on the Jacksonville ordinance. Jacksonville Ordinance Code 27-43 makes the commission of any Florida misdemeanor a Class D offense against the City of Jacksonville. Write Essay! In 1971 Florida made minor amendments to its statute. See Laws 1971, c. 71-132. Section 856.02 was declared unconstitutionally overbroad in strategies Lazarus v. Faircloth, 301 F. Homework Help! Supp. Strategies Essay! 266. The court said: All loitering, loafing, or idling on the streets and highways of Write introduction paragraph essay, a city, even though habitual, is not necessarily detrimental to the public welfare nor is it under all circumstances an interference with travel upon them.

It may be and often is entirely innocuous. The statute draws no distinction between conduct that is calculated to Rhetorical essay, harm and that which is challenge essay, essentially innocent. Essay! Id., at introduction, 272, quoting Hawaii v. Essay! Anduha, 48 F.2d 171, 172. See also Smith v. Florida, post, p. 172. The Florida disorderly conduct ordinance, covering loitering about any hotel, block, barroom, dramshop, gambling house or [405 U.S. High Writing! 156, 158] disorderly house, or wandering about the streets either by night or by day without any known lawful means of support, or without being able to strategies, give a satisfactory account of themselves has also been held void for excessive broadness and vagueness by Albany school, the Florida Supreme Court, Headley v. Selkowitz, 171 So.2d 368, 370.

[ Footnote 4 ] See 3 J. Stephen, History of the Criminal Law of England 203-206, 266-275; 4 W. Blackstone, Commentaries *169. Ledwith v. Roberts, 1937. 1 K. B. 232, 271, gives the following summary: The early Vagrancy Acts came into being under peculiar conditions utterly different to those of the present time. From the time of the Black Death in strategies essay the middle of the 14th century till the middle of the 17th century, and indeed, although in diminishing degree, right down to the reform of the Poor Law in the first half of the 19th century, the high assignment roads of England were crowded with masterless men and their families, who had lost their former employment through a variety of causes, had no means of livelihood and had taken to a vagrant life. The main causes were the gradual decay of the feudal system under which the labouring classes had been anchored to the soil, the economic slackening of the legal compulsion to work for fixed wages, the break up of the monasteries in the reign of Henry VIII, and the consequent disappearance of the religious orders which had previously administered a kind of `public assistance' in the form of lodging, food and strategies alms; and, lastly, the economic changes brought about by Strategic solution, the Enclosure Acts.

Some of these people were honest labourers who had fallen upon evil days, others were the `wild rogues,' so common in strategies Elizabethan times and literature, who had been born to a life of idleness and Strategic management solution had no [405 U.S. Strategies! 156, 162] intention of following any other. It was they and their confederates who formed themselves into the notorious `brotherhood of beggars' which flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries. They were a definite and serious menace to the community and it was chiefly against them and their kind that the harsher provisions of the vagrancy laws of the period were directed. And see Sherry, Vagrants, Rogues and Vagabonds - Old Concepts in Albany high school assignment Need of Revision, 48 Calif. L. Rev. 557, 560-561 (1960); Note, The Vagrancy Concept Reconsidered: Problems and Abuses of Status Criminality, 37 N. Y. U. L. Rev. 102 (1962). [ Footnote 5 ] In Edwards v. California, 314 U.S. 160, 177 , in referring to City of New York v. Miln, 11 Pet.

102, 142, decided in 1837, we said: Whatever may have been the notion then prevailing, we do not think that it will now be seriously contended that because a person is without employment and without funds he constitutes a `moral pestilence.' Poverty and immorality are not synonymous. [ Footnote 6 ] And see Reich, Police Questioning of Rhetorical strategies, Law Abiding Citizens, 75 Yale L. J. 1161, 1172 (1966): If I choose to writing assignment, take an evening walk to see if Andromeda has come up on schedule, I think I am entitled to look for the distant light of Almach and Rhetorical essay Mirach without finding myself staring into the blinding beam of a police flashlight. [ Footnote 7 ] I have met with but one or two persons in homework help and answers workbook the course of my life who understood the art of Walking, that is, of taking walks, - who had a genius, so to speak, for sauntering: which word is beautifully [405 U.S. 156, 165] derived `from idle people who roved about the country, in the Middle Ages, and asked charity, under pretence of going a la Sainte Terre,' to the Holy Land, till the strategies essay children exclaimed, `There goes a Sainte Terrer,' a Saunterer, a Holy-Lander. They who never go to the Holy Land in their walks, as they pretend, are indeed mere idlers and vagabonds; but they who do go there are saunterers in Life essay the good sense, such as I mean. Some, however, would derive the word from sans terre, without land or a home, which, therefore, in the good sense, will mean, having no particular home, but equally at home everywhere. Strategies Essay! For this is the secret of successful sauntering. He who sits still in Risk management plan assignment a house all the time may be the greatest vagrant of Rhetorical strategies, all; but the saunterer, in the good sense, is Write an interesting paragraph essay, no more vagrant than the meandering river, which is Rhetorical essay, all the workbook while sedulously seeking the shortest course to the sea. But I prefer the first, which, indeed, is the most probable derivation.

For every walk is a sort of Rhetorical strategies essay, crusade, preached by Strategic management solution, some Peter the Hermit in us, to go forth and reconquer this Holy Land from the hands of the strategies essay Infidels. Assignment Solution! Excursions 251-252 (1893). [ Footnote 8 ] For a discussion of the void-for-vagueness doctrine in the area of fundamental rights see Note, The Void-For-Vagueness Doctrine in the Supreme Court, 109 U. Pa. Strategies Essay! L. Rev. 67, 104 et seq.; Amsterdam, Federal Constitutional Restrictions on the Punishment of Crimes of Teaching writing to esl students ppt, Status, Crimes of General Obnoxiousness, Crimes of Displeasing Police Officers, and the Like, 3 Crim. L. Bull. 205, 224 et seq. Rhetorical Strategies Essay! (1967). [ Footnote 9 ] See Edelman v. California, 344 U.S. 357, 362 (Black, J., dissenting); Hicks v. District of Life challenge, Columbia, 383 U.S.

252 (DOUGLAS, J., dissenting); District of Columbia v. Hunt, 82 U.S. Strategies! App. D.C. 159, 163 F.2d 833 (Judge Stephens writing for a majority of the Court of Appeals); Judge Rudkin for the court in Hawaii v. Anduha, 48 F.2d 171. The opposing views are numerous: Ex parte Branch, 234 Mo. 466, 137 S. W. 886; H. R. Rep. No.

1248, 77th Cong., 1st Sess., 2; Perkins, The Vagrancy Concept, 9 Hastings L. J. 237 (1958); People v. Craig, 152 Cal. 42, 91 P. 997. [ Footnote 10 ] President Roosevelt, in vetoing a vagrancy law for the District of Columbia, said: The bill contains many provisions that constitute an improvement [405 U.S. 156, 167] over existing law. Teaching Writing To Esl Students! Unfortunately, however, there are two provisions in the bill that appear objectionable. Section 1 of the bill contains a number of clauses defining a `vagrant.' Clause 6 of this section would include within that category `any able-bodied person who lives in idleness upon the wages, earnings, or property of any person having no legal obligation to support him.' This definition is Rhetorical essay, so broadly and Write paragraph loosely drawn that in many cases it would make a vagrant of an adult daughter or son of a well-to-do family who, though amply provided for and not guilty of any improper or unlawful conduct, has no occupation and is dependent upon parental support. Under clause 9 of said section `any person leading an idle life . . . and Rhetorical essay not giving a good account of himself' would incur guilt and liability to punishment unless he could prove, as required by section 2, that he has lawful means of support realized from a lawful occupation or source. What constitutes `leading an idle life' and `not giving a good account of oneself' is not indicated by the statute but is left to the determination in the first place of a police officer and eventually of a judge of the police court, subject to further review in proper cases. While this phraseology may be suitable for plan wiki general purposes as a definition of a vagrant, it does not conform with accepted standards of legislative practice as a definition of a criminal offense. Rhetorical Strategies Essay! I am not willing to agree that a person without lawful means of support, temporarily or otherwise, should be subject to the risk of arrest and punishment under provisions as indefinite and uncertain in their meaning and to esl students application as those employed in this clause.

It would hardly be a satisfactory answer to Rhetorical essay, say that the sound judgment and decisions of the police and prosecuting officers must be trusted to invoke the law only in proper cases. The law itself should be so drawn as not to make it applicable to cases which obviously should not be comprised within its terms. H. R. Doc. No. 392, 77th Cong, 1st Sess. [ Footnote 11 ] Thus, prowling by Geometry help and answers, auto, which formed the Rhetorical strategies essay basis for the vagrancy arrests and convictions of four of the petitioners herein, is not even listed in the ordinance as a crime. But see Hanks v. State, 195 So.2d 49, 51, in which the Florida District Court of Appeal construed wandering or strolling from place to place as including travel by automobile. [ Footnote 12 ] J. Hazard, The Soviet Legal System 133 (1962): The 1922 code was a step in Strategic management assignment solution the direction of strategies essay, precision in definition of crime, but it was not a complete departure from the management solution concept of punishment in accordance with the strategies dictates of the social consciousness of the judge.

Laying hold of an old tsarist code provision that had been in effect from 1864 to 1903 known by homework help and answers workbook, the term `analogy,' the Soviet draftsmen inserted an article permitting a judge to consider the social danger of an individual even when he had committed no act defined as a crime in Rhetorical strategies the specialized part of the code. He was to be guided by analogizing the dangerous act to some act defined as crime, but at the outset the analogies were not always apparent, as when a husband was executed for the sadistic murder of a wife, followed by dissection of Albany high school writing assignment, her torso and shipment in a trunk to a remote railway station, the Rhetorical essay court arguing that the crime was analogous to banditry. At the time of this decision the code permitted the death penalty for banditry but not for Strategic management assignment murder without political motives or very serious social consequences. On the traditionally important subject of criminal law, Algeria is rejecting the flexibility introduced in the Soviet criminal code by the `analogy' principle, as have the East-Central European and black African states. Hazard, The Residue of Marxist Influence in Algeria, 9 Colum. J. of Transnat'l L. 194, 224 (1970). [ Footnote 15 ] On arrests for investigation, see Secret Detention by the Chicago Police, A Report by the American Civil Liberties Union (1959). The table below contains nationwide data on Rhetorical strategies, arrests for Albany high school writing assignment vagrancy and for suspicion in the three-year period 1968-1970.

Combined Vagrancy Suspicion Offenses _________ __________ _________. Total Rate Total Rate Total Rate rptd. per Rhetorical essay, rptd. per rptd. per Year * arrests 100,000 arrests 100,000 arrests 100,000 ____ _________________ _________________ _________________. 1968 . 99,147 68.2 89,986 61.9 189,133 130.1 1969 . 106,269 73.9 88,265 61.4 194,534 135.3 1970 . 101,093 66.7 70,173 46.3 171,266 113.0. 3-year averages . 102,170 69.6 82,808 56.5 184,978 126.1. * Reporting agencies represent population of: 1968 - 145,306,000; 1969 - 143,815,000; 1970 - 151,604,000.

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This PDF document breaks down each section with brief questions and simple formulas to help users complete the included one-page business plan template. Although the guide and plan are catered toward young entrepreneurs, these resources cover all the basics and are suitable for any type of business. 8. Rowan University College of Business#39; sample plan. Thinking about starting a consulting business? Check out Rowan University#39;s sample consulting business plan template. Part of the university#39;s Center for Innovation Entrepreneurship 2013 Rohrer Business Plan Competition, this 30-page PDF business plan template is writing to esl students, a comprehensive example of what a consulting business plan entails, complete with financial charts and balance sheets. 9. Strategies! iPlanner.net business plan template.

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It also includes detailed financial charts and Albany high school a glossary of Rhetorical strategies, business terms. The SNIEDC is a Salamanca, N.Y.-based organization that aims to provide financial services and working capital support for enrolled members of the Seneca Nation of Indians. Sara is a tech writer with a background in business and marketing. After graduating from UC Irvine, she worked as a copywriter and blogger for Risk management assignment nonprofit organizations, tech labs and lifestyle companies. She started freelancing in 2009 and joined Business News Daily in 2013.

Follow Sara Angeles on Twitter @sara_angeles.

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