Biology paper 2 ib hl

annotate poem essay © 2017 Steve Campsall. improve your poetry grades! Download Free English biz Guides. If you find poetry difficult then you're not alone. Paper! For many people, it's the most difficult aspect of the English course. But. Argumentative Essay Pro Abortion! fear not as help and a higher grade are within reach. Read on! Find time to give the paper 2 ib hl, English biz guide to essay writing a look over as it's been written to Help essay on leadership work alongside this one - click here to read this later . If you need help with a specific poet or poem, click here or on a link below.

If you're truly stuck you can also email the teacher at Biology 2 ib English biz - you'll find a link on the first page of the College sheet, site, here . What really must be covered in your coursework and exam answers? At the core of any and every answer or essay about poetry must be your own interpretation of the poem or poems you are writing about. It is Biology paper 2 ib this alone that attracts the majority of marks. In a nutshell, the more subtly you interpret a poem - and give support for ratings, your interpretation - the higher your marks, and grade, will be. 2 Ib! Poems are rarely to be taken at face value. It is never the literal meanings that will gain you any marks - it is exposing and discussing the poem's 'deeper meanings' that bring in the marks every time. When you interpret a poem, you seek to explain what you believe these 'hidden meanings' are, show how they have been created and discuss why this was done. Remember: the meanings you seek exist 'between the lines'. Statistical Consulting! It is the paper 2 ib, poet's use of consulting new york literary language that creates these layers of meaning . Poems, more than any other literary form, are dense with meanings created by this type of language. This is because poets have so little space in which to condense as much meaning as possible. This is what makes understanding a poem sometimes very difficult - and yet also, often, fascinating.

Let's get one thing clear: interpretation never deals in facts . 2 Ib! An interpretation is always an opinion - an insight into what the poem might mean. Essay Value! This is why examiners are never happy with students who do no more than trot out the opinions of others, those of their teacher or what they've found in a study guide, for example (examiners do read study guides, btw!). 2 Ib Hl! Examiners will always give the most marks to a student's original ideas - so long as they are valid and are supported by close and careful reference to the poem itself. Whilst it is your own ideas that are needed, it is invariably easier to uncover the college value, layers of Biology paper meaning in Paper help a poem by discussing it with others . Somehow an interaction of minds brings about clearer meaning and a moment when the penny drops. Biology Hl! This does not mean you should copy others' ideas but do use such a discussion to Unique college essay develop your own interpretations. You might be one of the many who feel discussing poetry is not cool. Well, keep in mind that it's your grades that are at stake . The exam is not a practice and you need to get the highest grade you can. So, what to do? For once, ignore being 'uncool' and get boosting those exam grades.

Many students lose marks by going off at a tangent and misreading their poem. How can you avoid this and know that your interpretation is on Biology hl the right lines? Here's a very worthwhile tip. How does all this work in practice? Below is an Unique value, example to paper help show you. It is based on a just a couple of lines from the opening of the poem 'Half Caste' by John Agard, a very witty poem that many of essay you will know. Paper Hl! Don't be put off if you don't know it, you'll be able to apply exactly the reviews, same ideas to any poem you are studying.

You will see from this just how much can be 'squeezed' from only two lines of a poem. This is a key thing for paper hl, you to appreciate. 'Excuse me standing on one leg I#8217;m half-caste. Explain yuself wha yu mean when yu say half-caste. ' Agard opens his poem by creating an obvious contrast between the standard English of the college, opening line of the poem and the Caribbean dialect of the second. This creates a clear contrast which works to alert the reader to the fact that while both kinds of English create perfectly obvious meaning, only paper hl, one kind is considered to be prestigious and essay value, 'proper' within educated circles. Ironically, it is the dialect line that creates the more expressive meaning. Biology! In this way, Agard manages to open his poem and introduce a key theme. He wants the reader both to consider and ratings, reflect upon what is thought of as acceptable and what is looked down upon in British society.

He shows us that 'half-caste' language is actually very good language and language that is capable of communicating its message well. Poetry has, as has been said above, been called the paper hl, art of 'saying the essay pro abortion, unsayable'. Undoubtedly some poems can seem to create meanings and emotions that seem well beyond the words on the page. Language can be a very mysterious and wonderful thing! Hopefully, you will come to Biology paper hl enjoy at pro abortion least some of the paper hl, poems you study at school but, to consulting be realistic, some poems will, initially at least, appear worryingly difficult. One of the difficulties with a poem is connected with its form - generally speaking, poems are short and this means that poets look for ways to squeeze the maximum meaning and Biology paper, feeling into them. Poems are often dense with meaning and unlocking these multi-layered meanings requires patience and skill. But it can be very satisfying - a poem can be like a riddle, fun to an analysis crack! This english biz guide will help you 'unpick' a poem and enable you to work out just what the poet is trying to paper 2 ib say, how the poem is 'working' and why this is College custom being done - the poet's purpose . Oh, and finally, you'll find out what gains most marks - as well as how you can get them!

Click here to read a poem that many people feel has magical qualities; and here is another! Of course, individuals react differently to 2 ib hl such poems but many students seem to enjoy these two poems. Appreciating the Paper ratings, subtleties of a complex poem in Biology paper 2 ib classroom conditions is Unique college far from ideal. This means that it will be necessary to find a quiet place and Biology paper 2 ib hl, time at home with mobile phone, MP3 player and TV all switched off when you can re-read your poems. Even better, find a friend to How to write poem read and discuss the poem with - two heads are far better than one when it comes to understanding a complex poem. An odd but useful thing about a poem is Biology that if you leave a day between reading it, some of the poem's extra layers of meaning seem to become more apparent when you read the poem again. It's as if the brain has subconsciously 'worked' on the poem in Unique essay value between readings. Reading for Meaning. Quite a useful thing to Biology paper do when you first begin your work on analysing a poem is to. forget it's a poem! Odd as this sounds, your first task is not to dig for hidden meanings but to be sure you've understood the poem's 'story' - that is, what it is generally all about. This can be called the poem's ' big picture '. It's true that in your essay that this will be one of things to which you will be devoting precious little space BUT you simply cannot proceed without it.

So, when you first read any poem, first of all, read it for term paper, meaning . These questions will get you on your way: Make a note of who is doing the speaking in the poem - what kind of person and in what kind of state or mood? By the way, never assume it's the poet: instead, think of it as an imagined poetic persona . Biology Paper 2 Ib! Poets often like to explore all kinds of aspects of life in their work and this can mean that they try to write from different viewpoints, for example an older male poet can write as a young boy, or even girl! Now work out who is being spoken to or addressed? (Yes - it could be you, the poem's reader, or it might be an imaginary person. College Custom Paper Cover Sheet! Often, you a poem can seem to be spoken thoughts such as in a monologue , or it could be one half of an imaginary conversation. Think about just what is paper 2 ib being spoken about? (What is the How to paper poem, subject matter being discussed?). Now - and this is crucial to a good understanding - work out exactly what tone of voice or manner of the speaking voice? (Is the speaker sounding worried, reflective, nostalgic, mournful, happy, concerned, angry, for example?).

Importantly, does the tone of voice change during the Biology 2 ib, poem? Make a note of where this occurs. Finally, where do the Unique college, events of the poem happen and 2 ib hl, what is the situation surrounding them ? When you read your poem, simply read it as a group of sentences, forgetting the Unique college essay value, fact that these sentences have been split into lines . At the end of each sentence (i.e. stop reading at each full stop or, maybe, at each semicolon - ; ), work out what the meaning is so far. 2 Ib Hl! Spend time thinking about admission essay, this and Biology, perhaps note the idea down on the poem itself at the side of that part of the poem (this is called annotating the text). This is often the easiest and surest way to find out what the poet is trying to say. You can consider the effects of other poetic devices the poet has used, such as the way the lines cut up the sentences, the use of rhythm and rhyme , alliteration and write an analysis paper poem, so on 2 ib hl later. College Admission On Leadership! Of course, this doesn't always work - some poems are, let's face it, especially difficult to understand! They might even lack any punctuation so have no apparent sentences.

If you find this to be the case, try searching for a study guide to your poem by 2 ib, clicking here or here - or, of course, ask your teacher or a friend for How to write an analysis, help. If you are still struggling to get to grips with your poem, read it a few more times and, this is the Biology 2 ib hl, important bit! - leave time between readings (of course, in Argumentative essay pro abortion an exam, this is paper 2 ib not possible). Argumentative Pro Abortion! A useful tip : Most people race through poems using a dull voice. Try reading your poems quite S-L-O-W-L-Y . Even better (in fact, far better!) is to read the paper 2 ib hl, poem aloud ? Oh yes, you really should! Find a quiet place, or read with a friend. Custom Term Sheet! Put embarrassment to one side for the sake of a higher grade! Reading aloud is a very effective way of paper getting 'beneath' the poem's surface and finding its more subtle meanings. But what you have to do is avoid a mouse-like monotone and instead try to achieve the voice the writer of the poem intended (and this won't be mouse like!!).

Click here to Unique essay listen to a clip of the Biology, GCSE poet John Agard reading a part of his poem, 'Half Caste'. You'll see from this just how much more a dramatic reading of some poems can reveal. Always avoid reading the poem in an overly stylised way , i.e. in a non-conversational voice! Modern poems, especially, are often best read in a normal speaking voice - but it will be a voice with a distinct quality . Do always try to capture this distinctiveness. Shakespeare had a strong Stratford accent apparently - why, then, do we pretend he didn't when we read his plays? The poem's images will, for sure, be there and help reviews, the poet has created them to guide you towards a fuller understanding of the poem's content and messages . Try hard not to be overly ingenious as this leads you finding meanings that are not there . This is a classic problem with even the brightest students when reading poems. Meanings are never 'hidden' - they are always 'there' - maybe 'under the 2 ib, surface', but always 'there'. Unique Essay! And they are always consistent with the whole poem. A poem's deeper meaning might not always be easy to get hold of, but it will be there to find - and hl, - very helpfully and importantly - it will be coherent . College Custom Paper Cover Sheet! Coherence is an important quality of Biology paper all literature, poems included. It means that the meanings in the poem will all be developed and reinforced logically as the poem progresses . The first line always contributes to pro abortion the overall meaning, as do all other lines. If you do think you've found a meaning in a poem and it does not contribute in some obvious way to the overall meaning of the whole poem , you are almost certainly off track and misreading the poem: a classic way to lose marks!

Click here to listen to John Agard reading a part of his poem, Half-Caste . Notice the slow and paper, emphatic nature of his voice. If you take a leaf from his book and read your poems slowly and dramatically you will obtain far more meaning from your poems - and gain higher grades ! Writing your essay. Writing an essay about a poem needs the Help college, same skills that apply to all essay writing. The english biz essay writing guide is full of ideas that will help gain you a higher grade - be sure to read this - click here . As with all essays, you cannot hope to do well unless you know your text well . 2 Ib Hl! Only then will you be able to develop a sufficiently strong viewpoint from which to create the Unique value, necessary argument that forms the basis of the best essays. 2 Ib! The best essays are written as if they were an argument - again, the help reviews ratings, Englishbiz guide has much more on this. What is your teacher or examiner actually looking for in your essays? You need to hl show that you have understood not just the poem's 'surface' meaning - try to show knowledge of admission essay its layers of meaning and its more subtle messages . You need to paper 2 ib hl show you have understood how the poet has used language and poetic devices to help create and admission, 'shape' create subtle underlying messages . 2 Ib! You need to show you have recognised how meaning is developed across the whole poem - as each idea is How to write paper poem explored and builds up into a coherent whole. How to do this to gain high marks. Biology Hl! Read the consulting new york, essay question or title very carefully . You just wouldn't believe how many students answer a different answer to the one asked.

Yes - they do, every year! If you are revising for an exam, ask your teacher to show you some past exam questions . There is Biology paper no better way to familiarise yourself with what is required in the exam and your teacher will be happy to mark any questions you try. Some exam boards now post downloadable past exam papers on Help essay on leadership their web sites . Biology 2 Ib Hl! Highlight the key words of the essay question and be sure you address each of these in your answer - marks will be lost if you don't! In an exam question, there will usually be bullet points to guide your response - you MUST cover the points these mention as the exam marker gives marks based on How to an analysis these . If it is not clear in the essay question, decide which poem(s) will help you answer it. Biology Paper 2 Ib! Work out exactly what is write an analysis required of you. Discussing the poet's life and times, i.e. their context , rarely gains marks. It is often better to get on with your analysis of the poem(s) straight away. Biology Paper 2 Ib Hl! Be aware of any significant changes in emphasis and the tone of voice as the story, ideas or images of the custom term paper cover, poem unfolds. Work out how and why these tones and Biology paper 2 ib, changes in tone have been made to occur through particular choices of language or form . This is important as it will allow you to comment on Help admission the structure of the poem and this gains many marks. Be especially alert to paper 2 ib the use of an ironic tone of voice. Irony is an important and consulting new york, frequent poetic device used by poets.

Irony is an effective means of Biology paper 2 ib hl engaging the reader. Irony subtly shapes meaning and develops layers of meaning within the poem. As well as irony , poets frequently rely on the use of what is Argumentative essay pro abortion called ' figurative' language . It's very important to notice where figurative language is used, the effect it creates and the purpose intended. Figurative language creates 'figures' or images in the mind's eye. It is the use of description , metaphor , simile or personification . Paper 2 Ib! This common poetic device helps the poet to create and shape meaning. It also works to develop an emotional response in you, the reader. Figurative language works so well because it creates images in the mind - and Argumentative essay, as the 2 ib hl, old saying goes, 'a picture is worth a thousand words. '. Paper! Look at these opening lines and see how the images are created and 2 ib hl, begin to work: I#8217;ve known rivers: I#8217;ve known rivers ancient as the world and older than the. flow of human blood in human veins. My soul has grown deep like the rivers. from essay pro abortion, 'The Negro Sings of paper hl Rivers' by Unique value, Langston Hughes.

Read your poem through a sufficient number of times for you to feel sure you have grasped its big picture . Finally, with the essay question firmly in Biology hl mind , work out your response to Argumentative it. Biology Paper! This is your own point of view on which you will base your essay. Pro Abortion! An important way you can unlock subtle meanings in any text, but especially in a poem, is to look for the effects of binary oppositions . Click on the hyperlink if this idea intrigues you. It is a guaranteed 'mark grabber' as it allows a very subtle response indeed to a poem (or any text). If you can discuss a text at the level of its binary oppositions , you will have at your disposal a sophisticated way of analysing the subtle levels of meaning created in Biology hl poetry - but this method is sophisticated and requires very careful thought. FOR A FULL GUIDE TO THIS FASCINATING ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE - CLICK HERE.

Some more ways to College custom term cover unlock the meaning of a poem. There is a key aspect to every poem you need to consider - the one aspect that separates all poems from any other kind of writing: its form . 2 Ib Hl! You need to work out why the poet wrote it in lines! Writing in lines means the poem is composed in Argumentative essay pro abortion verse . Notice where the poet sliced up each sentence into shorter lines (and sometimes even across the paper, stanzas of the poem). Does it allow a special degree of emphasis to admission essay be placed on parts of the Biology paper 2 ib hl, sentence that might have been lost if it was not 'sliced' up into lines - i.e. if it had been written as a piece of continuous prose ? See if you can work out how the poet's use form helps to emphasise certain words or ideas as these often act subtly to shape meaning . Remember that only poetry allows this 'playfulness' with form . Poets truly enjoy playing with the form of poetry - after all, that's why they like writing poetry! As well as choosing where to end a line or a verse (i.e. properly called a stanza ), or whether to use rhythm or rhyme , there are many other ways in which a poet can play around with the form of language to add to the meaning: Some lines might seem to end quite abruptly - even without using a full stop. This can be used to create subtle effects. For example, an consulting new york, end-stopped line can lead to a useful pause occurring before you read on thus creating emphasis (see the technical term caesura below). Some lines might 'run on' into the next line or even the next stanza. Poets also sometimes create the effect of an extended pause between words, phrases or lines - again with or without using punctuation to Biology 2 ib hl achieve this effect.

This enforced mini-pause is called a caesura . This is a subtle effect that leads to Help college admission essay an emphasis or a pause for thought being created. Biology Paper 2 Ib Hl! Some I mportant 'Poetic Devices' Alliteration is the repeating of consulting new york initial sounds as in William Blake's poem The Tyger: ' T yger! T yger! B urning b right!'. This often creates emphasis and, like the use of rhythm and rhyme , makes words memorable. 2 Ib Hl! It can also help to create a different tone - depending on which consonants are alliterated. Alliteration using consonants such as 's' or 'f' will create a softer tone of voice. Alliteration created using harsher consonants such as 'b' or 'd' can create a harsh even angry tone.

Always try to work out the tone of voice within your poem and Paper reviews, note how and where this changes . A ssonance is the term used for the repetition of vowel sounds within consecutive words as in, 'rags of gr ee n w ee d hung down. '. Paper 2 Ib Hl! Vowel sounds are always softer sounding and can add to the quality of the tone of voice within the poem, perhaps creating a sense of softness of mood or romance . A combination of soft consonants and long vowels can create a particularly gentle tone. Rhyme is when the final sounds of words are the same and are repeated either within a line (this is called internal rhyme , as in college essay 'I bring fresh showers for the thirsting flowers ') or at the end of two lines (this is called end rhyme ). Work our the effect rhyme creates. Does it make the Biology paper 2 ib, poem more memorable? Does it add to paper the 'feel', the meaning or the tone in a useful way? Does it create a happy sense that 'all is well with the world'? Often 'sound effects' created by using the form of words help to suggest a particular tone of voice . For example, repeated hard consonants called 'plosive consonants' (b, p, c, k, d, etc.) can suggest harshness or anger, whereas soft consonants (sh, ch, s, f, m, etc.) or 'long' internal vowels (e.g. the s oo n the sh ow ers of au tumn') can suggest a calm or romantic quality. Rhyme can also suggest or add a sense of control or harmony as if 'all is well with the world', whereas half-rhyme (e.g. moan/mourn, years/yours) can suggest a wish for harmony or the presence of discord . Repetition of Biology paper 2 ib hl important words and an analysis poem, phrases can help shape meaning because it adds emphasis . Are the stanzas (i.e. what many students wrongly call 'verses') regular in line length, size and Biology paper hl, shape with a repeating, regular rhythm? This is write an analysis paper typical of older more traditional British poetry and paper 2 ib hl, hints at that sense of admission essay on leadership 'control' and 'harmony' that seemed to exist in earlier days before the great loss of religious faith or questioning of hl values of today.

Poems with irregular line lengths and no obvious rhythm or rhyme look and consulting new york, sound very different from traditional poetry. These poems are called free verse or, technically, 'vers libre' and can be a way of suggesting lack of Biology 2 ib control or lack of harmony . Look at the way the structure or sequence of ideas builds up in the poem (perhaps through a sequence of images ); make a note of the effect of this sequencing of ideas or images and how it adds to the overall effect and meaning of the poem. Finally, notice if any particular words and phrases stand out in a particularly poetic way. These words and phrases deserve extra thought as they probably contain layers of meaning or create imagery and ideas. Maybe the words are ironic or metaphorical? Perhaps they create a vivid image , for example. These effects act to draw you deeper into the world of the poem by Statistical consulting new york, engaging your attention - a sure sign that the poem is 'working' on you! In your mind, 'become' the Biology paper, poet and ask yourself these revealing questions: 1. What is 'your' poem about Unique value, generally (e.g. 'war') and in particular (e.g. 'the horror of 2 ib hl fighting in trench warfare').

For example, were you trying to help your reader to understand some aspect of society or human life more clearly? What was your intention or purpose? 3. What motivated you to write about such a subject? Were you affected by your circumstances : the beliefs, values and attitudes you hold to College term compared to the general beliefs, attitudes and Biology 2 ib hl, values of your society or its leaders (i.e. your society's dominant ideologies )? 4. Were there any literary traditions or fashions that affected the style in Unique essay which you wrote? Why was this? You will frequently be asked to write about more than one poem and this does add an extra layer of difficulty. However, if you are writing an argument essay , the difficulty is lessened dramatically because you are using the poems to Biology paper 2 ib hl support your own argument rather than writing directly about the poems themselves. Aspects of each poem will, therefore, naturally find their way into your essay as you write in support of the various points you are making to support your argument. It is, therefore, always best to compare and contrast the ideas each poet explores as you proceed - and this is Paper ratings best done as providing support for your own argument. Paper 2 Ib Hl! In each paragraph you write, you should aim to Paper help reviews discuss a comparable or contrasting aspect chosen from each poem (and, as before, you must use the 'point-quotation-comment' method) that helps develop a point that supports your overall argument as stated in your opening paragraph. If you find this difficult (and it can be - especially under examination conditions), the alternative is to write an 'exploring essay'.

In this kind of essay, you analyse and write about your first poem fully before moving on to your second poem, then, as you write about the second poem, you must take the Biology paper, chance frequently to refer back to the first poem when you find a suitable point of comparison or contrast. How To Write Poem! N ever forget to compare and contrast! This is a part of the mark scheme in this type of question. FIVE TOP TIPS FOR SUCCESS. 1. Know your poems well. 2. Analyse closely analysis and develop subtle insights.

Only a close analysis of the poem will allow you to develop subtle insights into the poet's reasons and methods. It is the consistency, clarity, depth and subtlety of your analysis and insights that will gain the highest marks. 3. Use the paper, P.E.E. method of analysis. 4. College! Never look for Biology, and find what isn't there ! Poems can be difficult so when you are thinking about the deeper levels of a poem's meaning, it is all too easy to be overly ingenious . Do not find meanings that are not really there. If a particular meaning exists within a part of a poem, it will be consistent with (i.e. help out the meaning of. ) the whole poem - it will never just apply to a single line or phrase. Value! If you think a line of poetry means something, make sure this fits in with what you think the hl, poet is trying to say in the whole poem. A more obvious meaning is far more likely than a very obscure meaning.

Always make sure that the words of your poem clearly support whatever points you want to Unique essay make about it. Never be afraid to use a lively style when you write; in fact, whilst remembering always to avoid slang and to use standard English , try hard to make your essay sound as individual and interesting as you are! Avoid stuffiness and over-formality like the plague.

Read the full transcript of President Obama's farewell speech. President Obama delivered his farewell speech Tuesday in 2 ib hl, Chicago. President Obama delivered his farewell speech Tuesday in Chicago. Here is an unedited transcript of President Obama’s prepared remarks during his farewell address in Chicago, as provided by the White House. It’s good to be home.

My fellow Americans, Michelle and I have been so touched by all the well-wishes we’ve received over the past few weeks. But tonight it’s my turn to say thanks. Whether we’ve seen eye-to-eye or rarely agreed at all, my conversations with you, the American people – in Help college essay on leadership, living rooms and schools; at farms and on factory floors; at diners and on Biology paper, distant outposts – are what have kept me honest, kept me inspired, and kept me going. Every day, I learned from you. You made me a better president, and you made me a better man. I first came to Statistical consulting Chicago when I was in my early 20s, still trying to figure out Biology hl, who I was; still searching for a purpose to my life. It was in college essay on leadership, neighborhoods not far from paper 2 ib hl here where I began working with church groups in reviews, the shadows of closed steel mills. It was on these streets where I witnessed the power of faith, and the quiet dignity of working people in the face of struggle and loss. This is hl, where I learned that change only write an analysis happens when ordinary people get involved, get engaged, and 2 ib hl come together to demand it.

After eight years as your president, I still believe that. And it’s not just my belief. It’s the beating heart of Help admission essay on leadership our American idea – our bold experiment in self-government. It’s the Biology 2 ib, conviction that we are all created equal, endowed by our creator with certain unalienable rights, among them life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It’s the insistence that these rights, while self-evident, have never been self-executing; that we, the people, through the instrument of our democracy, can form a more perfect union. This is the consulting, great gift our Founders gave us. The freedom to chase our individual dreams through our sweat, toil, and Biology 2 ib imagination – and the imperative to college admission essay on leadership strive together as well, to achieve a greater good. For 240 years, our nation’s call to citizenship has given work and purpose to Biology paper 2 ib each new generation.

It’s what led patriots to choose republic over write poem, tyranny, pioneers to trek west, slaves to Biology paper hl brave that makeshift railroad to freedom. It’s what pulled immigrants and refugees across oceans and the Rio Grande, pushed women to reach for the ballot, powered workers to organize. It’s why GIs gave their lives at Omaha Beach and Iwo Jima; Iraq and Afghanistan – and why men and reviews ratings women from Selma to hl Stonewall were prepared to give theirs as well. So that’s what we mean when we say America is exceptional. New York? Not that our nation has been flawless from the start, but that we have shown the capacity to change, and make life better for those who follow. Yes, our progress has been uneven. The work of democracy has always been hard, contentious and sometimes bloody.

For every two steps forward, it often feels we take one step back. But the long sweep of America has been defined by forward motion, a constant widening of our founding creed to embrace all, and not just some. If I had told you eight years ago that America would reverse a great recession, reboot our auto industry, and unleash the longest stretch of job creation in our history…if I had told you that we would open up a new chapter with the 2 ib hl, Cuban people, shut down Iran’s nuclear weapons program without firing a shot, and take out the mastermind of 9/11…if I had told you that we would win marriage equality, and poem secure the right to health insurance for another 20 million of our fellow citizens – you might have said our sights were set a little too high. But that’s what we did. That’s what you did.

You were the change. You answered people’s hopes, and because of you, by almost every measure, America is a better, stronger place than it was when we started. In 10 days, the world will witness a hallmark of Biology our democracy: the peaceful transfer of power from one freely elected president to the next. I committed to President-elect Trump that my administration would ensure the smoothest possible transition, just as President Bush did for me. Because it’s up to all of us to make sure our government can help us meet the many challenges we still face. We have what we need to do so. After all, we remain the wealthiest, most powerful, and most respected nation on Earth. Our youth and drive, our diversity and openness, our boundless capacity for risk and reinvention mean that the future should be ours.

But that potential will be realized only pro abortion if our democracy works. Only if our politics reflects the decency of the our people. Only if all of us, regardless of our party affiliation or particular interest, help restore the sense of common purpose that we so badly need right now. That’s what I want to focus on tonight – the state of our democracy. Understand, democracy does not require uniformity. Our founders quarreled and compromised, and expected us to do the same. But they knew that democracy does require a basic sense of solidarity – the idea that for all our outward differences, we are all in this together; that we rise or fall as one. There have been moments throughout our history that threatened to rupture that solidarity.

The beginning of this century has been one of those times. A shrinking world, growing inequality; demographic change and the specter of paper terrorism – these forces haven’t just tested our security and How to paper poem prosperity, but our democracy as well. And how we meet these challenges to our democracy will determine our ability to educate our kids, and create good jobs, and protect our homeland. President Obama reprised his message of 2 ib hl hope and essay change Tuesday as an antidote to Biology 2 ib an unstable world, delivering a farewell address in which he exhorted allies to keep the essay, faith as President-elect Donald Trump assumes power but also painted a realist’s portrait of the threats to democracy. President Obama reprised his message of hope and change Tuesday as an antidote to an unstable world, delivering a farewell address in which he exhorted allies to paper hl keep the faith as President-elect Donald Trump assumes power but also painted a realist’s portrait of the Argumentative essay, threats to Biology 2 ib democracy. (Christi Parsons, Michael A. Memoli)

In other words, it will determine our future. Our democracy won’t work without a sense that everyone has economic opportunity. Today, the economy is Paper reviews ratings, growing again; wages, incomes, home values, and retirement accounts are rising again; poverty is falling again. The wealthy are paying a fairer share of taxes even as the stock market shatters records. The unemployment rate is near a 10-year low. The uninsured rate has never, ever been lower. Healthcare costs are rising at the slowest rate in 50 years.

And if anyone can put together a plan that is demonstrably better than the improvements we’ve made to our healthcare system – that covers as many people at less cost – I will publicly support it. That, after all, is why we serve – to make people’s lives better, not worse. But for all the real progress we’ve made, we know it’s not enough. Our economy doesn’t work as well or grow as fast when a few prosper at the expense of a growing middle class. But stark inequality is also corrosive to our democratic principles.

While the top 1% has amassed a bigger share of wealth and income, too many families, in inner cities and rural counties, have been left behind – the laid-off factory worker; the waitress and healthcare worker who struggle to pay the Biology 2 ib, bills – convinced that the game is fixed against them, that their government only serves the interests of the powerful – a recipe for more cynicism and polarization in college value, our politics. There are no quick fixes to paper hl this long-term trend. I agree that our trade should be fair and College custom paper cover not just free. But the next wave of economic dislocation won’t come from overseas. It will come from the relentless pace of automation that makes many good, middle-class jobs obsolete. And so we must forge a new social compact – to guarantee all our kids the education they need; to Biology hl give workers the power to unionize for better wages; to update the paper, social safety net to reflect the Biology paper 2 ib, way we live now and make more reforms to the tax code so corporations and individuals who reap the write paper, most from the new economy don’t avoid their obligations to the country that’s made their success possible. Paper? We can argue about how to best achieve these goals. But we can’t be complacent about the goals themselves. College Term Paper Sheet? For if we don’t create opportunity for all people, the disaffection and paper division that has stalled our progress will only sharpen in years to Argumentative pro abortion come.

There’s a second threat to our democracy – one as old as our nation itself. After my election, there was talk of a post-racial America. Such a vision, however well-intended, was never realistic. For race remains a potent and Biology 2 ib hl often divisive force in our society. I’ve lived long enough to know that race relations are better than they were 10, or 20, or 30 years ago – you can see it not just in statistics, but in the attitudes of young Americans across the political spectrum. But we’re not where we need to be. How To Write Paper? All of us have more work to do. After all, if every economic issue is framed as a struggle between a hard-working white middle class and undeserving minorities, then workers of all shades will be left fighting for scraps while the wealthy withdraw further into 2 ib, their private enclaves.

If we decline to invest in the children of immigrants, just because they don’t look like us, we diminish the prospects of Argumentative essay pro abortion our own children – because those brown kids will represent a larger share of paper 2 ib America’s workforce. And our economy doesn’t have to consulting be a zero-sum game. Biology Paper 2 Ib? Last year, incomes rose for all races, all age groups, for men and for women. Going forward, we must uphold laws against discrimination – in hiring, in housing, in education and help reviews the criminal justice system. That’s what our Constitution and highest ideals require. But laws alone won’t be enough. Hearts must change. If our democracy is to work in this increasingly diverse nation, each one of us must try to heed the advice of one of the great characters in American fiction, Atticus Finch, who said, “You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view…until you climb into his skin and walk around in it.”

For blacks and other minorities, it means tying our own struggles for justice to the challenges that a lot of people in this country face – the refugee, the immigrant, the paper 2 ib hl, rural poor, the transgender American, and Help college on leadership also the middle-aged white man who from the outside may seem like he’s got all the advantages, but who’s seen his world upended by economic, cultural, and technological change. For white Americans, it means acknowledging that the effects of slavery and Jim Crow didn’t suddenly vanish in the ‘60s; that when minority groups voice discontent, they’re not just engaging in reverse racism or practicing political correctness; that when they wage peaceful protest, they’re not demanding special treatment, but the equal treatment our Founders promised. For native-born Americans, it means reminding ourselves that the stereotypes about immigrants today were said, almost word for 2 ib word, about the Irish, Italians, and Poles. America wasn’t weakened by the presence of these newcomers; they embraced this nation’s creed, and it was strengthened. So regardless of the station we occupy; we have to try harder; to start with the premise that each of our fellow citizens loves this country just as much as we do; that they value hard work and family like we do; that their children are just as curious and hopeful and worthy of custom term paper love as our own. None of this is easy. For too many of us, it’s become safer to retreat into Biology paper hl, our own bubbles, whether in our neighborhoods or college campuses or places of worship or our social media feeds, surrounded by people who look like us and Statistical consulting share the same political outlook and never challenge our assumptions. The rise of naked partisanship, increasing economic and regional stratification, the splintering of paper hl our media into a channel for every taste – all this makes this great sorting seem natural, even inevitable. And increasingly, we become so secure in our bubbles that we accept only Argumentative essay information, whether true or not, that fits our opinions, instead of basing our opinions on the evidence that’s out there.

This trend represents a third threat to our democracy. Politics is 2 ib hl, a battle of ideas; in the course of a healthy debate, we’ll prioritize different goals, and the different means of reaching them. Argumentative? But without some common baseline of facts; without a willingness to admit new information, and concede that your opponent is making a fair point, and that science and reason matter, we’ll keep talking past each other, making common ground and compromise impossible. Isn’t that part of what makes politics so dispiriting? How can elected officials rage about deficits when we propose to spend money on preschool for kids, but not when we’re cutting taxes for corporations? How do we excuse ethical lapses in our own party, but pounce when the other party does the same thing? It’s not just dishonest, this selective sorting of the facts; it’s self-defeating. Because as my mother used to tell me, reality has a way of catching up with you. Take the challenge of climate change.

In just eight years, we’ve halved our dependence on foreign oil, doubled our renewable energy, and led the world to an agreement that has the promise to save this planet. But without bolder action, our children won’t have time to debate the existence of climate change; they’ll be busy dealing with its effects: environmental disasters, economic disruptions, and waves of climate refugees seeking sanctuary. Now, we can and should argue about the best approach to the problem. Hl? But to simply deny the problem not only Statistical betrays future generations; it betrays the essential spirit of innovation and practical problem-solving that guided our Founders. It’s that spirit, born of the Enlightenment, that made us an economic powerhouse – the spirit that took flight at Kitty Hawk and Cape Canaveral; the spirit that that cures disease and put a computer in every pocket. It’s that spirit – a faith in reason, and enterprise, and the primacy of right over might, that allowed us to resist the paper 2 ib hl, lure of fascism and Statistical consulting tyranny during the paper 2 ib, Great Depression, and essay build a post-World War II order with other democracies, an order based not just on military power or national affiliations but on Biology, principles – the rule of Argumentative pro abortion law, human rights, freedoms of Biology paper hl religion, speech, assembly, and an independent press.

That order is now being challenged – first by essay, violent fanatics who claim to speak for Islam; more recently by autocrats in foreign capitals who see free markets, open democracies, and civil society itself as a threat to their power. The peril each poses to our democracy is more far-reaching than a car bomb or a missile. It represents the fear of change; the fear of people who look or speak or pray differently; a contempt for the rule of law that holds leaders accountable; an Biology, intolerance of cover dissent and free thought; a belief that the sword or the Biology paper hl, gun or the bomb or propaganda machine is the ultimate arbiter of what’s true and what’s right. Because of the extraordinary courage of our men and women in uniform, and the intelligence officers, law enforcement, and pro abortion diplomats who support them, no foreign terrorist organization has successfully planned and executed an paper hl, attack on Argumentative essay, our homeland these past eight years; and Biology hl although Boston and Orlando remind us of how dangerous radicalization can be, our law enforcement agencies are more effective and help reviews ratings vigilant than ever. Biology Paper? We’ve taken out tens of reviews thousands of terrorists – including Osama bin Laden. The global coalition we’re leading against ISIL has taken out their leaders, and taken away about half their territory. ISIL will be destroyed, and Biology paper 2 ib no one who threatens America will ever be safe. To all who serve, it has been the paper, honor of my lifetime to be your Commander-in-Chief. But protecting our way of life requires more than our military. Democracy can buckle when we give in to fear.

So just as we, as citizens, must remain vigilant against external aggression, we must guard against a weakening of the values that make us who we are. That’s why, for the past eight years, I’ve worked to put the fight against Biology paper hl terrorism on Unique college, a firm legal footing. That’s why we’ve ended torture, worked to close Gitmo, and paper hl reform our laws governing surveillance to protect privacy and civil liberties. That’s why I reject discrimination against Muslim Americans. That’s why we cannot withdraw from essay value global fights – to expand democracy, and human rights, women’s rights, and LGBT rights – no matter how imperfect our efforts, no matter how expedient ignoring such values may seem.

For the fight against extremism and intolerance and sectarianism are of a piece with the fight against authoritarianism and nationalist aggression. If the Biology, scope of freedom and respect for admission essay the rule of law shrinks around the Biology, world, the Statistical, likelihood of war within and between nations increases, and Biology hl our own freedoms will eventually be threatened. So let’s be vigilant, but not afraid. ISIL will try to kill innocent people. But they cannot defeat America unless we betray our Constitution and our principles in the fight.

Rivals like Russia or China cannot match our influence around the world – unless we give up what we stand for, and turn ourselves into just another big country that bullies smaller neighbors. Which brings me to my final point – our democracy is threatened whenever we take it for granted. All of us, regardless of party, should throw ourselves into the task of Statistical consulting rebuilding our democratic institutions. When voting rates are some of the paper 2 ib hl, lowest among advanced democracies, we should make it easier, not harder, to vote. When trust in our institutions is college essay value, low, we should reduce the corrosive influence of money in our politics, and insist on the principles of transparency and ethics in public service.

When Congress is dysfunctional, we should draw our districts to encourage politicians to cater to common sense and Biology paper not rigid extremes. And all of this depends on our participation; on each of us accepting the responsibility of citizenship, regardless of which way the Statistical, pendulum of power swings. Our Constitution is a remarkable, beautiful gift. Paper 2 Ib? But it’s really just a piece of Paper help reviews parchment. It has no power on its own. We, the people, give it power – with our participation, and the choices we make. Whether or not we stand up for our freedoms. Paper Hl? Whether or not we respect and enforce the rule of law.

America is no fragile thing. Help Reviews Ratings? But the gains of Biology paper 2 ib our long journey to freedom are not assured. In his own farewell address, George Washington wrote that self-government is the underpinning of our safety, prosperity, and pro abortion liberty, but “from different causes and paper from different quarters much pains will be taken…to weaken in your minds the conviction of this truth;” that we should preserve it with “jealous anxiety;” that we should reject “the first dawning of every attempt to Help alienate any portion of our country from the rest or to 2 ib enfeeble the sacred ties” that make us one. We weaken those ties when we allow our political dialogue to become so corrosive that people of good character are turned off from public service; so coarse with rancor that Americans with whom we disagree are not just misguided, but somehow malevolent. We weaken those ties when we define some of How to write an analysis poem us as more American than others; when we write off the whole system as inevitably corrupt, and blame the leaders we elect without examining our own role in electing them. It falls to each of us to be those anxious, jealous guardians of our democracy; to Biology 2 ib hl embrace the joyous task we’ve been given to essay continually try to paper 2 ib improve this great nation of ours. Because for all our outward differences, we all share the same proud title: Citizen. Ultimately, that’s what our democracy demands.

It needs you. Not just when there’s an election, not just when your own narrow interest is at Statistical new york, stake, but over the full span of a lifetime. If you’re tired of arguing with strangers on the Internet, try to talk with one in real life. Biology 2 Ib? If something needs fixing, lace up your shoes and do some organizing. If you’re disappointed by your elected officials, grab a clipboard, get some signatures, and run for office yourself. Show up. Dive in.

Persevere. Sometimes you’ll win. Sometimes you’ll lose. Presuming a reservoir of goodness in others can be a risk, and there will be times when the process disappoints you. But for those of us fortunate enough to Unique college essay value have been a part of this work, to see it up close, let me tell you, it can energize and inspire.

And more often than not, your faith in America – and in Americans – will be confirmed. Mine sure has been. Over the course of these eight years, I’ve seen the hopeful faces of young graduates and our newest military officers. I’ve mourned with grieving families searching for answers, and found grace in Biology paper, a Charleston church. I’ve seen our scientists help a paralyzed man regain his sense of touch, and our wounded warriors walk again. I’ve seen our doctors and volunteers rebuild after earthquakes and stop pandemics in their tracks. I’ve seen the youngest of children remind us of our obligations to custom cover sheet care for Biology paper hl refugees, to work in peace, and above all to look out for each other.

That faith I placed all those years ago, not far from here, in the power of ordinary Americans to bring about change – that faith has been rewarded in Unique essay value, ways I couldn’t possibly have imagined. I hope yours has, too. Paper Hl? Some of you here tonight or watching at home were there with us in 2004, in essay, 2008, in 2012 – and maybe you still can’t believe we pulled this whole thing off. You’re not the only ones. Biology Paper Hl? Michelle – for the past 25 years, you’ve been not only reviews ratings my wife and mother of 2 ib hl my children, but my best friend. You took on a role you didn’t ask for reviews and made it your own with grace and grit and style and good humor. Biology 2 Ib Hl? You made the White House a place that belongs to everybody. And a new generation sets its sights higher because it has you as a role model. You’ve made me proud. You’ve made the country proud.

Malia and Sasha, under the Argumentative essay pro abortion, strangest of circumstances, you have become two amazing young women, smart and beautiful, but more importantly, kind and thoughtful and full of passion. You wore the burden of Biology 2 ib hl years in the spotlight so easily. Of all that I’ve done in my life, I’m most proud to Paper be your dad. To Joe Biden, the scrappy kid from Scranton who became Delaware’s favorite son: You were the first choice I made as a nominee, and the best. Not just because you have been a great vice president, but because in the bargain, I gained a brother. We love you and Jill like family, and your friendship has been one of the great joys of our life.

To my remarkable staff: For eight years – and for some of you, a whole lot more – I’ve drawn from your energy, and paper 2 ib tried to reflect back what you displayed every day: heart, and character, and College custom term paper idealism. I’ve watched you grow up, get married, have kids, and start incredible new journeys of your own. Paper 2 Ib Hl? Even when times got tough and an analysis frustrating, you never let Washington get the better of you. The only thing that makes me prouder than all the good we’ve done is the Biology 2 ib hl, thought of all the remarkable things you’ll achieve from admission essay here. And to all of Biology paper hl you out paper, there – every organizer who moved to an unfamiliar town and paper hl kind family who welcomed them in, every volunteer who knocked on doors, every young person who cast a ballot for the first time, every American who lived and pro abortion breathed the hard work of change – you are the best supporters and organizers anyone could hope for, and paper 2 ib hl I will forever be grateful. Because, yes, you changed the Help college essay, world. That’s why I leave this stage tonight even more optimistic about this country than I was when we started. Because I know our work has not only helped so many Americans; it has inspired so many Americans – especially so many young people out there – to believe you can make a difference; to hitch your wagon to something bigger than yourselves. 2 Ib? This generation coming up – unselfish, altruistic, creative, patriotic – I’ve seen you in every corner of the country.

You believe in a fair, just, inclusive America; you know that constant change has been America’s hallmark, something not to fear but to embrace, and you are willing to carry this hard work of democracy forward. You’ll soon outnumber any of us, and I believe as a result that the future is in good hands. My fellow Americans, it has been the Help admission, honor of my life to serve you. I won’t stop; in fact, I will be right there with you, as a citizen, for all my days that remain. For now, whether you’re young or young at heart, I do have one final ask of you as your president – the same thing I asked when you took a chance on me eight years ago. I am asking you to believe. Not in my ability to bring about change – but in Biology 2 ib, yours. I am asking you to hold fast to that faith written into College term paper sheet, our founding documents; that idea whispered by slaves and abolitionists; that spirit sung by immigrants and homesteaders and those who marched for Biology justice; that creed reaffirmed by those who planted flags from foreign battlefields to How to write an analysis the surface of the moon; a creed at the core of every American whose story is not yet written: Thank you.

God bless you. Paper Hl? And may God continue to bless the United States of America. The girlfriend of the gunman who killed 58 people in Paper help reviews, Las Vegas has broken her silence. Biology Paper 2 Ib? Before the Statistical new york, Las Vegas massacre, authorities had discussed the threat of paper 2 ib terrorism by essay, a sniper in a crowded area. The L.A. City Council voted in paper hl, February to Paper help reviews ratings decriminalize sidewalk vending. Seme Khemis learned that people in South Sudan traveled 60 miles for hl ultrasound scans. Credits: Getty / Sara Hylton / KTLA. The girlfriend of the gunman who killed 58 people in Las Vegas has broken her silence.

Before the Las Vegas massacre, authorities had discussed the threat of terrorism by a sniper in a crowded area. The L.A. City Council voted in February to decriminalize sidewalk vending. Seme Khemis learned that people in College custom term paper cover, South Sudan traveled 60 miles for ultrasound scans. Credits: Getty / Sara Hylton / KTLA. The girlfriend of the gunman who killed 58 people in Las Vegas has broken her silence. Before the Biology 2 ib hl, Las Vegas massacre, authorities had discussed the threat of terrorism by a sniper in a crowded area.

The L.A. Argumentative Essay? City Council voted in February to Biology decriminalize sidewalk vending. Seme Khemis learned that people in South Sudan traveled 60 miles for ultrasound scans. Credits: Getty / Sara Hylton / KTLA. The girlfriend of the gunman who killed 58 people in How to paper poem, Las Vegas has broken her silence. Before the Las Vegas massacre, authorities had discussed the threat of terrorism by Biology paper, a sniper in How to an analysis poem, a crowded area. The L.A. City Council voted in Biology 2 ib, February to decriminalize sidewalk vending. Seme Khemis learned that people in South Sudan traveled 60 miles for ultrasound scans. Credits: Getty / Sara Hylton / KTLA. Body camera footage from the Unique college value, Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department taken during the shooting on Biology paper 2 ib, Oct.

1. Body camera footage from the Unique college, Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department taken during the shooting on Oct. Biology Paper Hl? 1. The gunman who attacked the Las Vegas music festival had cameras set up outside his room. Trump visited Puerto Rico on Tuesday, after Hurricane Maria swept through the custom term paper, island two weeks ago. Three billion Yahoo accounts were affected by Biology 2 ib, a massive data breach — three times as many as initially reported. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to consulting new york three researchers for their work on electron microscopy. Credits: EPA, Getty, Hillary Guzik, KTLA, Sarya Stukes. The gunman who attacked the Las Vegas music festival had cameras set up outside his room.

Trump visited Puerto Rico on Tuesday, after Hurricane Maria swept through the Biology 2 ib hl, island two weeks ago. Three billion Yahoo accounts were affected by a massive data breach — three times as many as initially reported. The Nobel Prize in reviews, Chemistry was awarded to three researchers for paper 2 ib hl their work on electron microscopy. Credits: EPA, Getty, Hillary Guzik, KTLA, Sarya Stukes. At least 50 are dead and Help 200 injured after a shooting on the Las Vegas strip. Biology 2 Ib? Heartbreakers frontman Tom Petty died Monday at 66. Portraits are emerging of those killed in Las Vegas. L.A. decriminalized sidewalk vending to protect immigrants from deportation. Credits: Getty / KTLA. At least 50 are dead and 200 injured after a shooting on the Las Vegas strip. Heartbreakers frontman Tom Petty died Monday at 66.

Portraits are emerging of those killed in Las Vegas. College Custom Paper Cover? L.A. decriminalized sidewalk vending to protect immigrants from Biology hl deportation. Credits: Getty / KTLA. President Trump comments on the cost of the Puerto Rico response after the Statistical, country was hit by Hurricane Maria. President Trump comments on the cost of the Puerto Rico response after the country was hit by Hurricane Maria.

SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips. The SAT Essay is scored separately from the rest of the SAT now, thanks to the changes that went into effect in March 2016. While the essay is now optional (you don't automatically have to take it every time you take the SAT), some colleges still require students to submit SAT essay scores with their applications. Learning how to paper 2 ib consistently write a perfect SAT essay will be a huge boost to your application to these schools. In this article, we'll discuss what it takes to get a perfect 8/8/8 on the SAT essay and what you need to do to train yourself to get this top score.

If you’re reading this, we’re assuming that you already have a basic understanding of the SAT essay. You know the standard format of how you should write an essay – introduction, evidence paragraph 1, evidence paragraph 2, (optional) evidence paragraph 3, conclusion. You know that you should state your thesis in the introduction. All of this will get you a 5/8 as long as you develop your points enough. If you aren’t fully aware of this, take a spin through our 15 SAT Essay tips to Statistical consulting raise your essay score. But how do you push your essay to the next level? That’s what this article is about. Hl? feature image credit: NEW YORK 1970'S TRAILER PLATE 888-883 by Jerry Woody, used under CC BY-SA 2.0/Cropped from original. You’ll have to practice this. The perfect SAT essay is Argumentative, like a puzzle that happens to be in written form – it can be mastered, but to hl do it well and completely every time requires practice with a lot of sample topics.

You need to learn the format of an an analysis poem, effective essay and how to fill out Biology paper hl, a complete essay within 50 minutes. Term Cover Sheet? What an 2 ib hl, SAT Essay Score of 8 Means. If you’re already scoring a 5 or above in Help admission on leadership, all three areas on practice (or real) SAT essays, you have a shot at completely nailing what the Biology 2 ib graders want, represented by Unique essay a score of paper, 8/8/8, with a little practice. But there’s something important to Unique college value remember in your question for perfection: on 2 ib the SAT essay, an 8 in all categories is not always achievable. We’ve got good news and bad news for those of you who are determined to score an 8/8/8 on the SAT essay. Good News and Bad News by Help admission on leadership Mike Licht, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original.

Because the whole essay task (reading, analyzing, planning, and writing) must be completed in 50 minutes, getting an 8 in Reading, Analysis, and Writing requires some luck. You have to read the article and analyze the way the author builds her/his argument, pick out the most important components to the argument, find evidence to Biology paper 2 ib support your interpretation, and plan out your essay before you can even start writing. A lot depends on how quickly you can come up with a thesis and relevant support for college whatever the prompt happens to be – you might find some articles easier to read and analyze the argumentative structure of than others. You'll need to Biology paper hl use precise language to show mastery of Statistical, English writing. And because essays with perfect scores are almost always at least two pages long, you don't have any time to spare . If you fumble on any one of these aspects, the grader might not give your SAT essay an 8/8/8. Because the essay is so formulaic, it's always possible to get a reliable 6 across the board . Sometimes you might find the author's argument to analyze harder than others, or sometimes you might find the article more difficult to get through, but you will always be able to paper impress them enough to get a 6/6/6.

No college worth its salt is going to base your college admissions decision on poem getting those last two points on an essay you had 50 minutes to write (especially when the essay is optional). Paper 2 Ib? The goal, really, is to admission on leadership show that you can write a decent essay in that time, and Biology 2 ib, a 6/6/6 shows that just as well as an 8/8/8 does. But you should aim as high as you can, so keep reading to find out what it really takes to get a perfect score on the SAT essay. The Difference Between a 6 and an 8. If we asked the College Board what the difference is between a 6 and an 8 SAT essay, they would direct us to their scoring criteria below that describes the difference between the 3 and 4 essays scores in Paper help ratings, Reading, Analysis, and Writing (a total score of 8 comes from Biology paper, two readers separately giving your essay a 4 in each of those three areas). Paper Help Reviews? We’ve marked the differences between the 3 and 4 criteria in bold. The response demonstrates effective comprehension of the source text. The response shows an understanding of the text’s central idea(s) and paper hl, important details. The response is free of substantive errors of fact and interpretation with regard to the text. The response makes appropriate use of textual evidence (quotations, paraphrases, or both), demonstrating an understanding of the source text. The response demonstrates thorough comprehension of the new york source text. The response shows an understanding of the text’s central idea(s) and of most important details and how they interrelate, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of the text.

The response is free of errors of fact or interpretation with regard to the text. The response makes skillful use of 2 ib, textual evidence (quotations, paraphrases, or both), demonstrating a complete understanding of the source text. A 3 essay demonstrates your understanding of the text’s central ideas, while a 4 essay also shows that you know what the details and examples in the text are and how they relate to the central idea . The response offers an effective analysis of the source text and demonstrates an understanding of the analytical task. The response competently evaluates the Help college admission author’s use of evidence, reasoning, and/or stylistic and persuasive elements, and/or feature(s) of the student’s own choosing. Paper 2 Ib? The response contains relevant and essay pro abortion, sufficient support for claim(s) or point(s) made. The response focuses primarily on those features of the Biology 2 ib hl text that are most relevant to addressing the task. The response offers an Unique college, insightful analysis of the source text and demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of the analytical task.

The response offers a thorough, well-considered evaluation of the author’s use of evidence, reasoning, and/or stylistic and persuasive elements, and/or feature(s) of the student’s own choosing. Paper? The response contains relevant, sufficient, and strategically chosen support for claim(s) or point(s) made. The response focuses consistently on those features of the text that are most relevant to addressing the custom paper sheet task. Biology Paper? The 4 essay delves into the structure of the author’s argument more deeply. The writer not only states the techniques used in the text, but also thoroughly explains their impact on the reader. These explanations are backed up with evidence from the text that enhances the writer’s discussion of the structure of the text. The response is mostly cohesive and essay pro abortion, demonstrates effective use and control of language. The response includes a central claim or implicit controlling idea. Biology? The response includes an effective introduction and conclusion.

The response demonstrates a clear progression of ideas both within paragraphs and throughout the essay. The response has variety in sentence structures. Paper Help Reviews? The response demonstrates some precise word choice. The response maintains a formal style and Biology paper 2 ib hl, objective tone. The response shows a good control of the conventions of standard written English and custom paper, is free of paper hl, significant errors that detract from the quality of writing. The response is How to an analysis paper poem, cohesive and demonstrates a highly effective use and command of language. The response includes a precise central claim. The response includes a skillful introduction and conclusion. The response demonstrates a deliberate and highly effective progression of Biology, ideas both within paragraphs and essay value, throughout the Biology paper hl essay. The response has a wide variety in sentence structures. The response demonstrates a consistent use of essay value, precise word choice.

The response maintains a formal style and objective tone. The response shows a strong command of the conventions of standard written English and is free or virtually free of errors . The 4 essay is Biology hl, written extremely well , whereas the 3 essay is written fairly well. In addition, the 4 essay is organized in a way that positively influences the impact of the writer’s argument, while the 3 is an analysis poem, just organized clearly. Let’s condense the information above. A perfect 4 essay : is extremely clear is consistent, smooth, and easy to read has few errors is not repetitive in Biology paper hl, content or language is sufficiently detailed (using evidence from the text) to fully support the writer’s thesis demonstrates that you understand the text and Paper help reviews, the author’s claim(s) In other words, you need to excel in every one of these aspects to get a perfect score. Now we’ll look at a sample 8/8/8 SAT essay, and make note of how it fits the criteria above. Hl? The prompt (taken from college essay, The Official SAT Study Guide ) for the sample essay is Biology hl, as follows: Write an essay in which you explain how Peter S. Goodman builds an argument to persuade his audience that news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign news coverage provided to people in the United States. In your essay, analyze how Goodman uses one or more of the features listed in the box above (or features of your own choice) to custom paper cover sheet strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of his argument. Be sure that your analysis focuses on the most relevant features of the passage. The passage to which this prompt refers appears on pp.

183-185 of The Official SAT Study Guide (March 2016 Beyond) , or on Biology slightly different pages in later editions. You'll need the passage to follow along with the sample essay below. Here’s the essay. Read it first, and we’ll have annotations below. In the article “Foreign News at a Crisis Point,” Peter S. Goodman eloquently argues the ‘point’ that news organizations should increase the Argumentative essay pro abortion amount of professional foreign news coverage provided to Biology paper people in the United States. Goodman builds his argument by using facts and evidence, addressing the term paper counterarguments, and couching it all in paper 2 ib, persuasive and College custom term cover sheet, compelling language.

Goodman begins the article by bombarding the reader with facts and 2 ib, statistics. He states that, according to admission essay on leadership a census conducted by the American Journalism Review, the number of full-time foreign news correspondents in the United States dropped from 307 in 2003 to 234 in 2011. Biology 2 Ib Hl? In addition, the AJR survey also discovered that “the space devoted to foreign news [in American papers] had shrunk by 53 percent” in essay pro abortion, the last 25 years. Beginning the Biology paper 2 ib article with all of Paper, these facts and figures has a couple of strengtheing effects on Goodman’s argument. First, by starting out with hard evidence, Goodman lays the groundwork of Biology, his own credibility. He’s not just writing an opinion piece – his opinion is backed by the truth. This will bring the readers onboard and make them more likely to trust everything else he says. Second, because Goodman presents these facts without much explaining/interpreting, the reader is forced to do the How to write an analysis math herself.

This engaging of the reader’s mind also ensures that Goodman has the reader’s attention. When the reader does the math to find a drop of 73 full-time foreign news correspondents employed by US papers in just 8 short years, she will find herself predisposed to agree with Goodman’s call for more professional foreign news reporting. In addition to employing facts to his argument’s advantage, Goodman also cunningly discusses the counterargument to hl his position. By writing about Help admission essay, how social media and Biology paper 2 ib, man-on-the-ground reporting has had some positive impact on How to an analysis the state of foreign news reporting, Goodman heads off naysayers at the pass. It would have been very easy for Goodman to hl elide over the whole issue of write, citizen reporting, but the resultant one-sided argument would have been much less convincing. Instead, Goodman acknowledges things like “the force of social media during the Arab Spring, as activists convened and Biology hl, reacted to changing circumstances.” As a result, when he partially refutes this counterargument, stating the “unease” many longtime profession correspondents feel over the trend of ‘citizen journalism’ feel, the reader is much more likely to believe him. After all, Goodman acknowledges that social media does have some power. Knowing that Goodman takes the power of social media seriously will make the reader more inclined, in turn, to take Goodman’s concern about the limits of social media seriously. College Custom Paper? The final piece that helps bolster Goodman’s argument that US news organizations should have more professional foreign correspondents is Goodman’s linguistic + stylistic choices. Goodman uses contrasts to draw the reader deeper into his mindset. By setting up the contrast between professional reporters as “informational filters” that discriminate good from paper 2 ib, bad and College term, amateur, man-on-the-spot reporters as undiscriminating “funnels,” Goodman forces the reader to view the Biology 2 ib two in opposition and admit that professional filters are to Statistical be preferred over 2 ib, funnels that add “speculatio, propaganda, and other white noise” to their reporting.

In addition, Goodman drives the reader along toward agreeing with his conclusion in the penultimate paragraph of the custom sheet article with the paper 2 ib repetition of the college phrase “We need.” With every repetition, Goodman hammers even further home the inescapable rightness of his argument. The use of “We” more generally through the Biology hl article serves to How to an analysis paper poem make the paper 2 ib readers feel sympathetic towards Goodman and identify with him. By employing the rhetorical techniques of presenting facts, acknowledging the other side, and using persuasive language, Goodman convinces the Paper reviews reader of his claim. Here are our notes on what stands out in this essay (general comments are in purple, spelling/grammar errors are highlighted in yellow): Note that not every 8/8/8 essay needs to paper have exactly the same items in here, nor do you need to Paper argue in exactly the same way. But the Biology hl elements in this essay make it a standout and demonstrate clear mastery. Help College On Leadership? And now for paper 2 ib hl the million-dollar question: What Makes This SAT Essay an 8 Rather Than a 6? Maybe you get the theory behind what makes an essay an 8/8/8, but what about in practice? Read on to find out Paper reviews, what distinguishes this particular SAT essay as a perfect 8 in Reading, Analysis, and Writing. SAT graders are big on clarity, and clarity requires precise language and obvious, sound logic.

In this essay, vivid language is hl, used effectively and appropriately: Goodman is described as bombarding the reader with facts and figures The writer describes Goodman as arguing his point using not just language but persuasive and compelling language : The effect of Goodman’s argument is write an analysis poem, not just that it convinces the reader, but that the reader…will find herself predisposed to agree with Goodman’s call for more professional foreign news reporting. All of this clear and precise language helps support and explain the author's point (just as Goodman’s language supports his point in Biology paper 2 ib, the text!) Effective Analysis and Organization. The writer's clarity extends to pro abortion her logic as well. Sufficient background is given to make it clear the writer read and paper 2 ib hl, understood the text. The examples used are clear and Statistical, logically connected within paragraphs. Paper? The writer also makes sure to new york identify the what/why/what of the author's argumentative devices:

What are the techniques the author used to persuade the reader of his claim? Why did the author use them? What effect does their use have on the reader? The organization of the essay follows the organization set out in Biology paper 2 ib, the introduction: the writer first discusses facts and evidence, then the presentation and refutation of a counterargument, then compelling language. Organization in the essay is aided by transitions between all paragraphs, which create a smooth, consistent argument that is easy to follow. The clarity of the argument and the lack of errors remain consistent from start to finish.

The highlighted errors are few and term sheet, do not detract or distract from the meaning of the essay. The wording of the thesis statement in the introduction and the conclusion is 2 ib hl, similar but not identical, and the description of how Goodman builds his argument is the same. Dos piezas by Raul Hernandez Gonzalez, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. The author uses a variety of words (marked in blue) and sentence structures to convey similar ideas in different ways throughout the essay. For instance, social media , man-on-the-ground (or man-on-the-spot ) reporting , citizen journalism , and amateur reporting are all different words and phrases used to describe the help ratings same phenomenon of non-professional foreign news correspondents. Another example of Biology paper 2 ib, this can be found in Paragraph 4. “Knowing that Goodman takes the power of social media seriously will make the essay pro abortion reader more inclined…” could easily be the simpler “Goodman takes the power of social media seriously, which makes the reader more likely to agree…” This kind of linguistic flourish can be found in most top-scoring SAT Essays. Note that this usage is effective, and SAT vocab words aren't thrown into the essay haphazardly - it's clear, effective writing like what you might read in the New York Times. The essay is long enough to detail 3 complex examples (discussing Goodman’s use of facts and evidence, a counterargument, and vivid language) and include introductory and concluding paragraphs. With the updates to the essay rubric, College Board made it explicit that your essay should have an introduction and conclusion. In The Official SAT Study Guide (March 2016 Beyond) , they also make it clear that shorter essays will receive lower Writing scores (because if you don't write more than a couple of paragraphs, there's not enough writing by which essay graders can accurately judge your writing abilities).

But length means nothing if there isn't valuable information filling the space, so long SAT essays also need to be detailed—this author uses the space to give lots of paper, context for her examples. Dos and Unique, Don’ts for Biology paper 2 ib an 8/8/8 SAT Essay. The key for a perfect score on the SAT essay is to use your time wisely and stay focused on the task. To help you do this, we've compiled tips for things to do (and things to avoid). Writing as much as you can without including repetitive or irrelevant information. Revising the first and last paragraphs (they stand out in readers’ minds). Making sure you have effective transitions for a seamless essay. Explaining the persuasive effect the author’s argumentative techniques have on the reader. Thinking of “smart-sounding evidence – analysis of how the author used a personal anecdote is just as viable as a discussion of the Statistical consulting author’s use of logos and other rhetorical strategies. Trying to correct every single error – the grammar and the spelling do not have to be perfect to score an 8 in Writing.

This doesn't mean that you should just leave sentence fragments all over the place, but it does mean that accidentally leaving off the last letter of a word or making a small subject/verb agreement error won't be the end of the world (or of your perfect SAT essay score). Spend the extra time trying to write more and develop your points. Biology Hl? Adding as many vocabulary words as you can – you do need some stylistic flourishes, as noted above, but you shouldn’t overdo it, or your writing will sound clunky. How to Train to Improve Your SAT Essay Score. As I mentioned above, most anyone can train to reliably get a 6 on all sections of the essay, and many can move beyond that to consistently get 8/6/6, 6/6/8, or 8/8/8. Here’s a framework for how to do this: Read through our complete list of SAT essay prompts Memorize a list of persuasive techniques that you can find in most essay prompt articles Start by practicing with extended length time (80 minutes) so you can feel what it takes to get a top-scoring essay. If you’re struggling, you can also split up the different parts of the essay task for practice. For instance, you can practice reading and analyzing articles separately from writing the essay. Find a way to grade your essay.

If you can be objective about Unique college, your writing , you can notice weak spots, especially if you ran out of time but know what to do (and it'll be good practice for analyzing the passage on the essay!). Hl? Otherwise, try to get help from an English teacher or a friend who’s a better writer. Start narrowing the time down to 50 minutes to mirror the actual test. Looking for a great way to prep? Check out Unique, PrepScholar's online prep program.

It customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses so you get the most effective prep possible. Even better, we give detailed essay feedback from a leading SAT instructor. Paper Hl? You'll get point-by-point comments on where you're falling short, and how to improve your weak spots to jump up in SAT essay score. How To Write Paper Poem? Click below to sign up for Biology paper 2 ib our 5-day free trial. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Laura graduated magna cum laude from Wellesley College with a BA in Music and Psychology, and earned a Master's degree in Composition from the Longy School of Music of Bard College. She scored 99 percentile scores on the SAT and GRE and loves advising students on how to excel in high school. You should definitely follow us on social media. You'll get updates on our latest articles right on your feed. Follow us on consulting new york all 3 of our social networks: Have any questions about this article or other topics?

Ask below and we'll reply! Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section: Series: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section: Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section: Our hand-selected experts help you in a variety of other topics! Looking for Graduate School Test Prep? Check out 2 ib hl, our top-rated graduate blogs here: Get the cover sheet latest articles and test prep tips! © PrepScholar 2013-2015. All rights reserved. Paper 2 Ib? SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board TM . Argumentative Pro Abortion? The College Entrance Examination.

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ELEMENTS OF NEWSPAPER PAGE MAKEUP Thus far, all the Paper ratings subject matter in Biology, this chapter has dealt with the tools and materials available for presenting the reader of a ship or station newspaper with an College term paper sheet attractive, interesting and convenient look at the news. Whether you achieve the desired product will. Persuasive Essay Introduction Usually, the newspaper is the voice of a small town. Not only do they provide information on news events that are happening in town, but also contain information about the community and any events that may be taking place. Today’s newspapers are only a facide of what they. Sample College Essay #1 I never imagined that by Biology paper 2 ib hl swimming, a Vision Center in India would be built.

And I certainly never thought so many people could be cured of blindness there. For the past twelve years of How to write poem my life, my passion has been competitive swimming. Mile after mile I train almost every single.

Ellen Foster Object Relations Essay. Ellen Foster is a ten-year-old, Caucasian, female who experiences a series of traumatic events during her childhood. These traumatic events include her witnessing domestic violence in the home, her mother’s suicide and subsequent physical, sexual and Biology paper 2 ib hl psychological abuse by her alcoholic father, her maternal grandmother and other relatives (aunts and custom cousins on Biology the mother’s side). Ellen shuttled from home to home, staying for a short time at the home of her teacher, then to different relatives’ homes, to finally a foster home where she eventually resides. Ellen’s “new mama”, as she refers to her, is a much better role model then she has ever experienced before. New Mama is supportive and nurturing towards Ellen. Argumentative Essay! Ellen reports that government and church funding support the Biology hl foster family. Essay! She has no siblings. Ellen is intelligent and enjoys doing art.

She often rides a pony at her new foster home. 2 Ib Hl! Ellen misses her mother, and longed for a caregiver before she had new mama. This is evident when she reports eaves dropping on Statistical new york a “colored” family and “started making a list of all that a family should have. Of course, there is the mama and 2 ib the daddy but if one has to be missing then it is OK if the Argumentative essay pro abortion one left can count for two. But not just anybody can count or more than his or herself (p.

67)”. She often sought help from her Aunt Betsey and neighbors. Her mother, father and grandmother, or “mama’s mama” as Ellen calls her, are all deceased. The grandmother was old and abusive towards Ellen forcing her to work the fields with the “colored” field hands on her farms in the middle of a sweltering hot summer until school started. Ellen eventually becomes the caregiver and Biology paper hl housemaid to Help essay on leadership, mama’s mama after the grandmother fires all of her household servants.

Despite Ellen’s care and Biology 2 ib hl good works for her, the grandmother despises her because she is convinced that Ellen was in “cahoots” with her father in abusing her daughter, taking her revenge out on Ellen since the father is dead. Ellen has a best friend, an Statistical consulting new york, African American girl named Starletta, Since Ellen likes Starletta, and she struggles with her own burgeoning racism. She has beliefs about African Americans that are mainly negative. Ellen eventually realizes that race makes no difference in the quality of the person. Ellen enjoys art and playing with her microscope often fantasying about being a scientist on the brink of Biology a new discovery that will change mankind. She sees a counselor at school on Statistical consulting Wednesdays. Ellen does not enjoy doing therapy and has negative transference towards her counselor. Presently she is seeing me for therapy. She can be aggressive, defensive and competitive at times at school. During one session Ellen reported that her counselor asked her about her last name because “Foster” isn’t her real last name. She did not want to Biology paper 2 ib hl, discuss it any further.

Perhaps she chose the last name “Foster” from her label as a foster child. Object Relations As stated by Statistical, Lesser and Pope (2011) according to object relations theory, “human development takes place within the context of relationships (p. Paper! 69)”. British object relation theorists, Melanie Klein, Ronald Fairbairn, and Harry Guntrip introduce definite and functional ideas about what internal object world, or the inner world, consists of. The inner world includes representations of self and Argumentative other, representations structured by thoughts, recollections, and occurrences within the external world. A representation has a lasting continuance in the inner world and although it begins as a cognitive structure, it eventually takes on a profound emotional meaning for the person (Berzoff, Melano-Flanagan, Hertz 1996).

The word object is set apart from the subject. The subject is the self and the object is the part outside the self, the object is Biology paper hl what the self identifies with, encounters, wants, has uncertainties about, feels denial about, or absorbs. In Freudian drive theory and in ego psychology, the term object is How to sometimes used in reference to Biology, people. The word, object, in drive theory can be to some extent depersonalized, because the word essentially does exemplify a thing not a person as in: “the object of oral impulse can literally be the breast”(citation). In psychodynamic theory the word object, usually refers to people, but other objects such as cooking, art, pets, or can become objects when they are profoundly and representatively connected to powerful object experiences in the inner world. Some of Ellen’s physical objects are her microscope, her encyclopedias, her money, and new york her art supply. A conjecture about Ellen’s inner world and what these object represent is Biology 2 ib that her money could represent an insurance plan, in case things go wrong. And her microscope, her art, and her encyclopedias represent an escape for her and an analysis poem they also represent hopes for the future. Klein (1948) was the first theorist to revise Freud’s notion of the object by giving more consideration to the interpersonal environment in deciding its influence in developing personality. She amongst other object relations’ theorists now defined the target of paper relational needs as a concept known as relationship seeking.

Klee 2005 stated that relationship seeking is the Help college belief that through relationships with significant people in our lives, we take in parts of others (objects) and gradually develop a self-structure that we ultimately call a personality . This mental process by which a person changes the regulatory features of her environment into internal regulations and features is called internalizing (Lesser Pope 2011). D. W. Biology Paper 2 Ib! Winnicot (1958), a pediatrician and psychoanalyst, is influential in the field of object relations theory, gave great consideration to essay, the notion of paper 2 ib hl being alone. He believes that the ability to abide, take pleasure in, and utilize healthy solitude could be refined, ironically, only in How to the proximity of another. If aloneness is experienced as desolate, isolated, or miserable, it becomes agonizing. This can happen is a child has been neglected. In this situation, the inner world is not filled with enough soothing figures. On the contrary, aloneness becomes too excruciating or insufferable for Biology 2 ib, the child, if the inner world is too crowed with threatening and abusive figures who offer neither protection, reassurance, nor tranquility. The ideal environment for the growing child to share experiences with the Statistical new york soothing figure for a period of time and to experience time alone to reflect and to Biology 2 ib hl, adventure on the child’s own (Berzoff et al. Help! 1996). Klein (1948) described six early processes and primitive defenses developed from early infant years. Projection is when the infant believes an object has characteristics that are in 2 ib fact the write an analysis paper infant’s own feelings.

Introjection is the Biology 2 ib hl mental desire in which the infant consumes the perceived in the world. Projective identification is creatively splitting off a part of oneself and ascribing it to another in order to control the other (Berzoff et al. Help Admission Essay On Leadership! 1996). Splitting occurs when a child cannot separate conflicting thoughts or feelings in paper the mind at Statistical consulting new york the same time, and therefore instead of 2 ib integrating the two thoughts or feelings the child focuses on just one of them. A split can take any form, from visual appearance to concepts and ideas.

For example, a frequent split is into good and bad. The good part is preserved and cherished at term paper cover the same time the 2 ib bad part is wrestled with or repressed. In extreme case of schizophrenia, when a part of the self linked with one of the Paper separate thoughts, and another part of the self is paper linked with another, the person is then split (Berzoff et al. 1996). Idealization is a defense used to keep painful and unacceptable feelings out of consciousness.

The feelings that are troublesome are usually the same feelings that people often want to reject: “anger, disappointment, envy, sadness, desire, and greed (p. 145)”. Devaluation is the opposite of idealization and is a defense mechanism used to reject troublesome feelings such as “neediness, weakness, insecurity, envy, or desire (p. Argumentative Essay! 146)”. A person who denies desire through devaluation ends up feeling smug and Biology 2 ib superior but quite alone (Berzoff et al. 1996). An important developmental point in object relations is the depressive position according to Klein (1948). The depressive position is constantly maturing throughout a person’s lifetime.

Feelings of remorse, grief, and the yearning for atonement take hold in Help college admission essay on leadership the developing mind in the depressive position. The person now recognizes the ability to cause harm or push away a person who one undecidedly loves. The defenses attributed to the depressive position include the manic defenses, such as preoccupation for reparation. As the depressive position causes growing integration in the ego, prior defenses shift in 2 ib hl the character, becoming less powerful, allowing the character to admission essay on leadership, move into psychic reality (Berzoff et al. 1996). Throughout this turbulent time in Biology paper 2 ib Ellen’s life she is experiencing many new relationships and is relationship seeking with many adults. These adults are supposed to be caregivers for her. These people are her mother, father, her grandmother, Julia, Aunt Betsy, Aunt Nadine, and new mama.

There is a time after Ellen’s mother dies that I feel she is too alone, in agreement with Winnicot (1958). Ellen often reports that when she would come home from write paper school “it was already dark and he had the lights on. I went in and did not speak to him. I did not speak to him or else I stayed outside most of the time (p. 24)”. She said that her father was drunk all the time, often passed out, she was alone and eventually she had to take care of the bills.

There are other times when Ellen’s life is Biology paper overflowing with abusive adult figures in her life. On New Years Eve, Ellen claimed that a bunch of black drunk men came into her house with father. “My daddy showed up at my house less and less…he did show up on New Years Eve. Of course I went and hid when I heard him and a whole pack of colored men come in the door (p. 36)”. Help Ratings! Ellen is frightened when this happens often trying to escape through a window in paper her room. In accordance with Winnicot (1958), aloneness becomes too much too bare for Ellen and she feels the need to hide. Her inner world is too crowed with threatening and abusive figures who are threatening her safety. The whole mother’s side of the family overcrowds Ellen’s inner world too.

This is Argumentative essay a risk for Ellen, because disruptions in object relations may result in paper 2 ib an inability to How to an analysis paper, fall in love, emotional coldness, apathy or withdrawal from Biology 2 ib interaction with others, co-dependency, and/or extreme need to control relationships (Berzoff et al. 1996:70). Ellen attempts to control Starletta as much as she can through projective identification; she splits off a part of herself and attempts to Paper help reviews, control Starletta. Ellen often tells Starletta what to do, for example one day when Ellen was over Starletta’s house and paper hl she wanted to play, however Ellen thought to herself and told Starletta the following: “Starletta still had on her nightgown and College custom term paper cover she needed to be washed. ‘You got to Biology 2 ib hl, wash before I will play with you’ is College term paper sheet what I told her (p. 31). She taped Starletta’s crayons back together after she broke them.

She would often talk down to Biology, Starletta: “’Tell your Mama I thank her’ I said to Unique value, her. Say it over in your head and out loud so it will not leave your head (p. 52)”. This relationship may unconsciously aim to get rid of unmanageable feelings for Ellen and help her deal with these feelings. Ellen’s relationship with grandmother is toxic at best. In the beginning, Ellen thought that her grandmother might like having a girl around the house, even though she is not a “vision”(pg), but Ellen said she had good intentions. In my opinion, “good intentions” meant she wanted to have a relationship with her grandmother. Biology Paper Hl! The grandmother wanted to punish Ellen for Ellen and her father causing her daughter’s suicide. Ellen confronts her grandmother, asking her why she hates her so much.

Ellen asked her grandmother: “Well I know you hated my daddy but what about me? Why can’t you see that I am not like him? (p. 78)”. The grandma lashes out at Ellen with an onslaught of abusive hurtful words directed towards Ellen to Unique, break her down. Ultimately, that is what Ellen does she shuts down. “So I decided to spend the rest of my life making up for it. Whatever it was. Whatever I decided I one day I actually did (p. 78-79)”.

Ellen is in the depressive position, she feels guilty about paper, everything for her mothers death, for her fathers death, and then for How to write an analysis paper poem, the grandmother’s death when she passes. Ellen utilizes her manic defenses, in paper 2 ib my opinion, when she finds the grandmother dead and decides to dress her in her “Sunday’s best” clothes and surround her with flowers in order to make amends with her guilty feelings. “I made her like a present to Jesus so maybe he would take her. Take this one I got prettied up and mark it down by name to balance against the one I held from Paper help reviews ratings you before…. be sure I get the credit for it and if you can please show me some way that you and me are even now (p. 92). Biology Hl! Ellen becomes slightly preoccupied with reparation. Ellen begins to College paper cover sheet, move past this phase when she moves in the home of her Aunt Nadine. Object relations can be applied to Ellen’s traumatic past and helps to Biology, identify some significant points in her life that she would like to work in Statistical consulting new york future treatment. A pleasant thing about object relations is that as the therapist and patient collectively examine the patient’s internal world and its effect on the patient’s relationships, the patient and therapist are in a relationship as well. Paper 2 Ib Hl! In this way, patient and Paper therapist have an existing shared connection that both can study and learn from (Berzoff et al. Paper 2 Ib! 996). Unique College Value! Sociocultural Theory Sociocultural theory stemmed from the work of psychologist Lev Vygotsky.

Vygotsky (1934/1986) felt that human cognition was innately social and language based. Biology Paper! Vygotsky believed inner speech is qualitatively distinct from normal external speech. It is language, advanced during the admission on leadership earlier years, and progressively improved during the middle years (where Ellen’s age lies) that actually aids in giving the older child the capability to paper, organize things mentally rather than by using concrete items (Lesser Pope 2011). As Berk 2003 stated: Vytgotsky felt that children speak to themselves for self-guidance; he felt language was the foundation for all high cognitive processes, including control attention, deliberate memorization and recall, categorization, planning, problem solving, abstract reasoning, and essay self-reflection (p. 257). One of Biology paper Vygotsky’s concepts is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). How To An Analysis Paper! The ZPD is the difference between what a child can achieve when working by themselves and what the same child can achieve when given assistance from someone with the necessary knowledge (Wertsch 1985). Vygotsky viewed the ZPD as a way to better explain the relation between children’s learning and cognitive development.

The lower limit of ZPD is the level of skill attained by the child working alone; this lower limit can also be accredited to as the child’s actual developmental level. The upper limit is the level of latent skill that the child is able to reach with the assistance of Biology paper a more capable instructor (Wertsch 1985).. A concept associated with ZPD is the concept scaffolding. It is essential to Paper help, make a note that Vygotksy never used this concept in his writing; introduced by Biology paper hl, David Wood, Jerome S. Bruner, and Gail Ross (1976). Scaffolding is a process through which a mentor or more competent peer helps a person in his or her ZPD learn for College cover, as long as necessary and tapers off until the student no longer needs the mentor, much like a scaffold is detached from a building when construction is finished or deemed stable (Wood et al. 1976). Vygotsky viewed make-believe play as the vital context for development of self-regulation. Despite the fact that Ellen is ten years old going on eleven years old, this still pertains to Biology paper, her. Make-believe is Argumentative essay pro abortion full of shared dialogue and Biology hl development-enhancing skills. Statistical Consulting New York! Vygotsky takes make-believe to the next level making it a important part of development a distinguishing, experiential ZPD in which children try out a wide range of difficult skills and learn culturally valued skills developing a significantly stronger capacity for 2 ib, self-regulation.

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