Help with physics homework please textbook

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ap and araby essays 1010 N HANCOCK ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19123, USA. Copyright 2017 ghostwritingessays.com. AP vs Araby - Ghost Writing Essays. In this essay I hope to show differences between John Updike’s AP and James Joyce’s Arbay. Some of the things are that both of the authors talk about the same idea of a young boy’s growth for their adolescences. These boys need a lot more experience with the real world this comes with time, age and also experience. Help With Textbook. What is it like for Sammy to a book robinson grow up with his parents and please textbook arbay to grow up with his aunt and uncle? In these essays what would you do if you were in the same situation as these boys?

How do these boys need to grow up and mature? Or do you think that their actions might be a little overboard Even though John Updikes’s and James Joyce differ in Mba assignment, stories they both are talking about the same type of situation two boys that are growing up from their different situations from Help homework textbook their adolesonces. Paper Service. This common ground becomes clear through the with homework please textbook way both of the Help statement law authors wrote their essays. In John Updike’s essay Sammy Works for Ap when he saw a group of girls come into the store while he was working right away he judged them on what they were wearing and physics how they looked not even to stop to think about anything about there personality’s. In James Joyce’s essay the author refers to College writing service cheap the girl of his his dreams as Megan’s sister? What is her name does he know anything about her. Homework Textbook. You can see where these stories are starting to one another to relate to one another.

In John Updike’s essay AP Sammy Is telling the story from Mba assignment smu his perspective witch makes the essay less interesting in Help homework please textbook, my opinion. On the Other hand with James Joyce’s essay Arbay he is Dumpster a little bit more Experienced and physics textbook very articulate with his words witch makes the Mba assignment essay more interesting. Sammy from AP has become very aggravated at his job because the customers are very inconsiderate for many different reasons: As he mentions “She’s one of the physics please these cash register witches” (227). College Paper Reviews. That gave him hell beause he rang up a box of Hiho crackers two times by homework please mistake. Sammy really got aggravated after that incident happened at work I think that really started to school get him aggravated at that point he was really starting to think rationally and not in a mature manner. We see the author and main character of Araby as he battles with his adulthood. Physics Homework Textbook. Emotions as he tries to understand his feelings towards Megan’s sister every morning He follows her but hardly speaks to her Still “her name was like a summons to all my Foolish blood” (227). He is still a boy, since he is too scared to approach her but dealing With adult feelings which he does not understand?

His anger is shown at the end of the Story, since the bazaar is Mba assignment closed and there is nothing he can get for her and he says “he Sees himself as a creature driven and derided by vanity” This again shows the battle of. Hormones as he sees his feelings being based on Help how he can impress Megan’s sister. Both boys are going through growing into adulthood differently in their stories Sammy being at the AP sees his store as the statement for medical average place where the boring, ugly Average people go the girls he sees come in represent a fantasy of his the better Merchandise that is better than average the main character of Araby also has a fantasy But in with physics homework please, his turn to adulthood he tries to buy the girl of his dreams an object Therefore, It’s a subject shown as the boys are growing into adulthood it is Write review for me frustrating to both. Help Physics. Since the Dumpster essay boy in Araby is unable to attain anything for the sister, and Sammy sees the Help textbook Merchandise at AP as average and meaningless anyway Vanity is frustrating because a lot of girls like physical things and gifts from boys and for the boy in smu, Araby he is not able to get this and therefore has failed in being able to impress the girl Sammy sees the AP as not being good enough for the bathing suit girls which maybe why he decides it is not good enough for him either. One thing I want to point out is that in please, AP we see the difference between omeone in adulthood and someone growing into paper school zebra print it While Sammy wishes to see the girls in their bathing suits that come into AP, his manager scolds the girls, telling them they have too little clothing Sammy here represents one side of pre-adulthood, where in his mind the girls are better than the average woman who shop in AP, the ones who are “house slaves in with please, pin curlers” and “women with six children and varicose veins mapping their legs” (64). His manager is the other side well into his adulthood who sees the girls as being indecent, and even says something about the next time they will ave to come in “with their shoulders covered” (64) Sammy is so angered at this he quits which shows the level of emotion in the theme of growing into adulthood His Hormones have gotten the best of his reason and he acts upon his emotions. Although there are definite differences in “Arabay” and “AP,” we see the same theme of growing into adulthood in both stories This is not an easy task Both Sammy and the boy from Arabay find themselves frustrated as they go through their thoughts Sammy is concerned with quality which is something he sees little of in the. Mba Assignment. AP, in both his judgment of the AP and women that usually are shopping in it The author of Arabay is also concerned with quality on a different level He hopes to get a good present for his friend’s sister that is the girl he is feeling his adulthood directed on. He is Help physics homework please unhappy when he comes to the bazaar, and sees that most of the things are gone and he is unable to provide something to paper cheap the girl of his dreams that satisfies him.

In both stories the boys share a common frustration with their feelings and change in attitudes, which show the inner turmoil of hormones, and their progress to adulthood.

Jan 27, 2018 Help with physics homework please textbook, buy essay papers online -

How to Address an Incomplete Degree on a Resume. Posted April 29, 2014. Q: I attended college for 3 years but never finished my degree. Should I still include this on please textbook, my resume? A: While it depends on the situation, the answer is most likely yes. There are a few questions to ask yourself when deciding how to word the education section of Help statement school law your resume. First, does the Help with please textbook, degree you were working towards align with your career goals and smu the specific position you are applying for? If it does, then you definitely want to include that education experience on Help please textbook, your resume. If it doesn’t and you have some other sort of education/certification that is more relevant you may want to leave it off. If you have no other education or job training, leave the unfinished degree on your resume. A second thing to consider is whether eliminating your education creates a large gap in your employment history.

If so, then include the specific years you attended. Large, unexplained lapses on your resume timeline often raise a red flag for potential employers. Lined Paper Zebra? Third, are you simply taking a semester off, with plans to resume your studies in with homework please textbook, the near future? If so, you should indicate that on your resume. Lined Print? Finally, are there any specific courses you took that are applicable to the job you are applying for? If so, you can list these classes underneath the school name along with the dates you attended in order to homework show your knowledge and skill set.

Regardless of your answers to these questions, if you have several years of smu work experience you should place the education section near the bottom of your resume rather than at the top. By placing your education section at the bottom of your resume, attention is drawn to your work experience and skill set, rather than the Help with physics please textbook, unfinished degree. It goes without saying that you should always be completely honest in your resume. Write Robinson Crusoe? If you have not completed your degree, even if you are a single class short, do not state that you have one. A little white lie on a resume may come back to haunt you. Help Physics Homework Textbook? If you are granted an Dumpster diving essay interview, you will have an opportunity to discuss with the recruiter or hiring manger more information about with physics please textbook your background and the reasons why you were unable to complete your degree. Below are some examples of how to format the Lined paper zebra print, “Education” section of with textbook your resume if you have an unfinished degree: University at Buffalo , Biology 2010-2012. University at Buffalo 2010-2012. Completed 60 credits towards a Bachelor’s Degree in Biology.

Relevant Courses Included: Intro to Biology Chemistry 101. Microbiology Organic Chemistry. University at Help writing for medical school Buffalo , BS in Biology In progress. 48 Responses to “How to homework textbook Address an Incomplete Degree on a Resume” These are in fact wonderful ideas in on Write review robinson crusoe, the topic of blogging. You have touched some fastidious factors here.

Any way keep up wrinting. Fredericksburg Texas home health aide. Thanks for physics homework please textbook, the marvelous posting! I certainly enjoyed reading it, you can be a great author. I will make sure to bookmark your blog and Help a personal statement for medical law definitely will come back. sometime soon. I want to encourage you continue your great job, have a nice day! Thank you! I was unsure of whether I should include my early unfinished college work but this article answered that question and how to format it nicely. Thank you very much for this post.

My masters is unfinished due to failing a module and Help please textbook your post has helped me to convey the learning experience of the degree in Dumpster diving, a positive manner. Glad the information you found in this post was helpful. Best of luck to Help with homework you in your job search. say I do not know or am not sure how many credits I completed how would I structure my incomplete qualification? Thanks for your question. I would still use the second example shown above, but you could say how many semesters you completed. If you don’t know the paper school, semesters or the Help physics, number of writing cheap credits you have complete, I would contact the school you attended to get a copy of your transcript to keep on hand. With Physics Homework? In the meantime, you could address that section by just leaving out the specific number of credits and Dumpster diving essay just have more general information.

I’ve had a quite a successful career for the last 16 years in Help with physics homework please, the Information Technology field, however this is something I fell into. My education long ago is in a book review for me robinson, Landscape Architecture and Management – something I never finished since I’ve become so proficient in my current career. Help With Physics Please? I’ve had professional IT related training classes here and there since – but even many of those don’t seem worthwhile to list since technologies change. Write A Book Review For Me Crusoe? Most of my relevant knowledge is Help with physics please textbook self taught from books. Not sure what do do in essay, such a situation. Good question. In your situation I would still include an education section at with physics textbook the bottom of smu your resume, showing that you attended X number of Help homework please textbook years of Astronomy answers level school towards the Help textbook, Landscape Architecture and Management degree.

In my opinion I would also include the different training seminars, certifications that you earned during your IT career. While it may seem that some of them are dated, you never know what technology a company is using. A Personal Statement For Medical? One of their current programs could be a more modern version of something that you already have experience using in with physics homework please, the past. Hello I have done business studies at Mba assignment the college but did not write the exam due to my financial problem, so must I but it in my cv when applying for an employment. In this situation I would say to use your best judgment.

If this was a recent situation, then I would be sure to include your education. Just make sure that it is clear you did not earn the degree. However, if it was several years ago, and now not relevant to the positions you are applying for, then you can feel free to textbook leave it off of your resume. This helped me so much! I’ve been working with a recruiter and she hasn’t been helpful in highlighting my strong science background so I’m so glad I read this! Thanks so much. Thanks for this post. I’m 60 and have 40 years experience in Write review crusoe, marketing, journalism, publishing and with please media arts experience. Homework Answers D? I’ve even taught these subjects but I possess no degree which shuts me down almost immediately to even apply.

My question is, even if the employer says I must have a degree, should I apply anyway with the tips that have been suggested? Thank you. Kevin, In your situation, I would still consider those positions that include a degree as a requirement. For many companies, not having a 4 year degree doesn’t immediately mean you are disqualified, especially since you have years of industry experience. You have the opportunity to use your cover letter and the summary statement on your resume to tell your story and prove to employers that even without a degree you are qualified for Help please textbook, their position. I’ve written quite a few resumes for College writing service reviews, friends and family members and recently I offered my services to one of homework textbook my friends.

He is in his early 40s and his work history is pretty solid. The concern is…For years he implied that he had a bachelor’s degree, however, through this process he admitted he only attended one fall/spring semester of junior college (1992-1993) before deciding that it was more important to Astronomy homework answers work full-time at that point in his life. His courses were in business and finance and Help with please the next job that he landed was at a bank and less than six years later he became the Vice President of the branch. Then he had a career change and went into sales. College Paper Reviews Cheap? I’m stumped whether I should even mention schooling but if I don’t, because of Help with physics homework textbook his age I don’t really think I should list high school, He hasn’t really have any other formal training, recent seminars, etc… can I put this on his resume : xxx Junior College, 1992-1993; Coursework (courses?) in Lined paper school print, Business and with homework please textbook Finance? Thank you for your time and advice. With his years of work experience I would probably leave off the coursework that he did complete. Unless he plans on going back to school to finish his 2 or 4 year degree, companies most likely will not care about a few college courses taken over Lined print, 20 years ago.

I have one subject not cleared in by BBM degree. But i have a 16 years of work experience. Now i have come to a mode where in i need to homework apply for a job. Mba Assignment Smu? But when i check the job profile they mention degree is required. I am bit confused how to calculate credits in semester system where in homework textbook, i have not cleared one subject in semester 4. Thanks in advance. Hi there, I have attended a community college for more than 2 years and accumulated more than 60 credits (I have 66) required for anow associates degree. I am in College paper service cheap, the process of transferring to a university this Spring, but I am uncertain if I will be accepted since I haven’t completed my math. I was informed that I should list my academic level as an Associate degree because I am so close, but I don’t feel comfortable with that. Help With Physics Homework Please Textbook? How would you recommend I list my academic experience. Smu? Thank you so much.

Since you have not completed the degree, I would not recommend saying that you have on your resume, even if you are one class short. Instead, you can include something like ‘Completed classes towards a degree in blank’ or list the number of credit hours you have towards the specific degree. Hi, I’m retiring from the military and I have 30 years…I’m 50, should i start with over 30 years experience or over Help with physics homework textbook, 20…I was just thinking over Help writing a personal statement for medical school, 30 might preclude me from some positions as they may be looking for younger… First off, I’d like to say congratulations and thanks for your service. Please? When it comes to applying for a book robinson crusoe, a job age bias (while illegal) is still an issue. In order to physics avoid throwing out there how old you are, try just saying ‘years of experience’ rather than a specific number. Hope this helps. Hi! I’m helping my husband edit his resume.

His educational background is 2 different schools (one a community college and one a university) studying history (which will not be relevant to Mba assignment smu any of the jobs his is applying for). He went to school for 3 years and did not complete his degree. Would you still recommended including it (nearer to with physics please the bottom I’m assuming) and if so how would you recommend wording/formatting it? Thanks! Assuming your husband has several years of relevant work experience towards the position that he is applying for, then leaving the uncompleted degrees off of his resume would not do him any harm. On the other hand, if he doesn’t have much work experience I would include that section at Help for medical the bottom of the resume to help explain any gaps in employment or what he was doing for a period of time. Try phrasing it like: Earned XX credits towards a _____ Degree at _____ College. Hope this helps, Hi!

I am struggling with my resume. I worked as a server for the last 5 years. I was enrolled in the nursing program at our local university, but in the end failed out of Help with physics homework please nursing school. Write A Book For Me? My overall gpa at the time was 3.1…I took a break from school for about 6 months, before transferring to another university. currently I’m on track to graduate at the end of the year and I have a 3.9 GPA. With Physics Textbook? I’m looking for service reviews, internships, but I am mostly struggling to decide if I should include my previous university or not. I don’t have much experience, but really made huge strides in my academics. Thank you! Thanks for your question. With Please? I have 2 different suggestions for you.

First off, if you transferred to a new university to complete the same degree, then I would list the a book review crusoe, name of the Help, first school and then the one you are currently enrolled at. Lined Zebra Print? You can say Currently working towards a degree in “Blank” and then your expected graduation date. The second option would be if you are now working towards a different type of degree, I would leave the first school off of your resume, and homework textbook just include information about the current one. If someone were to ask you about your education in more detail, during an interview, obviously you don’t want to lie, but there are other ways to make the essay, situation sound better. Hi, what is your suggestion for someone who has a BA and completed all course work for an MA but did not complete their thesis so did not receive their degree. I have almost 20 years work experience since then. Currently I have the BA listed and note that all course work was completed for with homework textbook, an MA in Communication.

Thank you! Since you have so much work experience, I would actually recommend taking the information about Help for medical your MA in Communication off. Unless you have plans to go back and finish the thesis so you get the degree, then I would leave it how you currently have on your resume. Since you are no longer a newbie with little experience, that is Help physics homework please textbook probably information that adds little to no value to the rest of your resume. Hope that helps.

thank you for the information! i am in an awkward situation that i failed one class my last quarter of school and because of my financial situation i desperately have to start working. Once i started working i really have no time nor the school zebra print, money to complete the class. now a friend is willing to help me to with physics homework please textbook get a job but that requires a college degree. to me this is a life changing opportunity and review for me robinson i am struggling on what to put on my resume. i am currently working as a waitress and the degree i am working to complete is BS in with physics please, Business Administration. Dumpster Essay? Looking for some guidance. Thank you! okay i am sorry. i want to Help with physics please modify what i just posted. so apparently i met all the credit requirement and more to complete my degree but just because that one class they wouldnt let me graduate, even if i met all the credit requirements. in this case what should i put on my resume?

Thanks for your question. Diving Essay? In this situation, I would suggest just including that you completed x number of credits towards a Bachelor’s Degree in Help with physics textbook, Business Administration. If the job specifically requires you to have the actual degree, you don’t want to mislead the Astronomy level d, company into thinking that you have it. It could be worse for them to find out please later that you actually don’t have the degree that they thought you did. Hope this helps, Thank you for the ideas. College Writing Service? I needed that.

Hi there, I’ve read your blog and all the discussion but still I want to take your opinion for another different scenario. I’ve attended a university bachelor program of with homework textbook 4 years which was in Environmental Sciences. But I completed only reviews cheap 80 credit hours out of Help homework 140 as I didn’t appear in the exams of Mba assignment smu incomplete courses but attended all classes. After that I decided to Help with physics enter the field of smu travel and tourism leaving that program incomplete. I did two professional diplomas in travel and tourism (each one of 6 months duration). Now I’ve 3 years of experience in with physics please textbook, travel industry in my home country and I am looking for a job in Dubai (UAE) in the same field. Here I am facing a higher competition and Mba assignment most of the companies demand bachelor degree. In this case, what do you suggest about mentioning that program in my resume for Help with physics please, the purpose of Write a book for me robinson showing that I am not lacking university education. Thanks and with physics homework Regards. Thanks for your question. If the jobs that you are now applying for do required a degree, I would certainly mention that you attended university, but make sure to be truthful that you didn’t complete the Dumpster diving, degree.

Instead I would do your best to highlight the professional diplomas that you have, and explain how the knowledge and training you received has prepared you for the position you are applying to. Hope this helps. I spent four years at a university not really going anywhere (just cos I was unsure of a major) and unfortunately failed in getting a qualification. With Homework Please Textbook? But the next year I cross credited to a new university and have graduated. Do I include the first university I attended?

I would just include the university that you earned your degree from on your resume. Ok cool. Thanks heaps. When I first began college, I went for an associate in management at the local community college. Due to smu some difficulties with the physics homework textbook, classes and not being able to complete my degree after 2.5 years, I switched to a different associate degree program in business administration that was meant to transfer to for me crusoe a 4-year institution (the previous incomplete one didn’t transfer). Some of the Help physics, classes from the management degree counted towards the business administration one. I complete most of the coursework for this one, but transferred to university before completion.

I should be completing the bachelor in business administration by Lined paper print the end of the Help physics please, year. I’m not quite sure how to statement school law list my education at the community college and if I should even list the first attempted degree in management. I usually list the Help physics, student internship I did as part of my requirement for the management degree (I didn’t receive college credit due to a paperwork issue and my professor refusing to give me credit despite having put in the hours) as work experience, along with the job I held as a pizza delivery driver as they’re my only work experience so far. Hi AJ. I would just include the current program you are in on your resume with the expected graduation date to essay avoid confusion and a busy resume. BS in Biology Expected Graduation Date: December 2017. University at Buffalo. If you are worried about the time gap, you could always add something like this: University at Buffalo – Buffalo, NY Expected Graduation Date: December 2017. Erie County Community College.

Completed coursework in Business Administration. Hope this helps. Hi, I have a bachelor’s degree and I failed to complete only my thesis during my master’s program. Now I have about 2.5 years of work experience in Help homework textbook, a different field from my master’s. Robinson? Should I just mention the credits I’ve gained or should I leave it out? Please help. Since you have a four-year degree, I would leave the uncompleted degree off.

I really do love this write up and all the Help physics homework please, comments following it. Paper Print? So helpful. With Physics Please Textbook? Thank you. I attended a university for two years and smu ended up leaving the university. I went back to school 2 years later and got an Associate Degree. I have 17 years experience in IT but my studies were not related to IT. Physics Homework Please Textbook? Should I list my colleges on Astronomy answers level, my resume? Unfortunately, I had a sick family member that I needed to take care of and had to with homework please leave my last position six months ago on good terms with my employer.

This situation has passed and I am ready and willing to Mba assignment smu get back into the work field. With Please Textbook? How do I address my college experience and my six months gap in employment. I would put your Associate’s Degree on your resume, even if it doesn’t relate to IT. A Personal Statement For Medical School Law? Employers are always looking for some sort of education. As for the gap, it’s not uncommon for us to come across applicants who have taken time off for Help with physics homework please, family reasons. I would VERY briefly address the gap in your cover letter or introductory email and state you are ready to get back out there. You can mention the gap was for family reasons in Mba assignment smu, your interview and provide them with great references to clear the air. I have attended college on and off for several years. I have finally gotten to Help physics the point of making some lead way with completion of my AS degree in Business Administration.

I have worked over the last 10 years in the Human Resources field and my not having a degree haven’t really held me back… but I do feel like I should have finished long ago. With that said, I want to Help writing make sure I note my resume accurately to clearly represent where I am presently with my AS degree. I have 51 out of with physics homework textbook 60 credits until completion of my degree. Per my advisor I have 10 additional classes with transfer credits if they will accept them. I just want to let my employer know how serious I am . Associate’s Degree in Lined paper print, Business Administration Currently Enrolled. Name of College. This way, it shows you are working towards it without broadcasting how long. Hi there,I read your new stuff named “How to Help physics homework please Address an Mba assignment Incomplete Degree on a Resume | Key Resource Group, LLC – Key Resource Group is a Top Buffalo Temp Agency for textbook, Legal, Administrative, IT, HR More” daily.Your story-telling style is awesome, keep doing what you’re doing! And you can look our website about Astronomy answers love spell.

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R©sum© Les Essais Livre 2 (Montaigne) Bac Fran§ais. Si vous passez les ©preuves anticip©es du Bac de Fran§ais , ce document va pouvoir vous aider. Physics. Il s'agit d'un r©sum© complet chapitre par chapitre du Livre 2 Les Essais de Montaigne . School. Cela va vous permettre de m©moriser plus facilement l'ensemble des points importants des Essais (Livre 2). Livre Second Les Essais - Chapitres 1 10. CHAPITRE I - De l'inconstance de nos actions. Montaigne explique que la plupart des connaissances humaines se contredisent (d'un Homme l'autre, d'une ©poque l'autre). With Homework. Chaque action de l'Homme est dirig©e par ses d©sirs, c'est ce qui le rend si inconstant. Mba Assignment. Cela peut correspondre un ©quilibre instable entre la vertu et le vice. With Homework Textbook. Ainsi il semble qu'on ne puisse pas juger un Homme sur ses actes, qui peuvent ªtre contradictoires, mais sur sa v©rit© profonde. Montaigne discute des vices et explique qu'ils sont hi©rarchisables. Lined Paper Print. Il parle en particulier de l'ivrognerie qui lui parait ªtre un vice destructeur pour le corps et qui am¨ne des comportements peu vertueux.

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Montaigne parle des r©compenses et explique qu'elles sont importantes puisqu'elles renvoient une valeur : l'honneur. Mba Assignment Smu. Il r©fl©chit ensuite aux crit¨res d'attribution d'un tel honneur et aux valeurs qui s'y rattachent. CHAPITRE VIII - De l'affection des p¨res aux enfants, Mme D'Estissac. Dans un premier temps, l'auteur rend hommage Mme d'Estissac, pour avoir si bien ©duqu© et aim© ses enfants. Homework Textbook. Puis il ©voque l'amour inconditionnel d'un p¨re son enfant.

Il ajoute ses r©flexions concernant l'©ducation : rendre l'enfant responsable et droit, sans le contraindre ou faire usage de la force. Dumpster Diving. Ensuite il s'exprime concernant le mariage, et confirme les propos des Anciens (le fait de se marier tardivement). Help With Homework Textbook. Il estime ensuite que ses biens, mªme vivant, devraient ªtre l©gu©s ses enfants, qui en ont plus besoin que lui. Level D. Malgr© la possibilit© qu'ils puissent user de sa bont© et ne pas ©chapper l'amour maternel inconditionnel. With Physics Please Textbook. Enfin, il ©voque une autre sorte de paternit©, celle des œuvres (livre, sculpture, tableau. Lined Paper Zebra. ). CHAPITRE IX - Des armes de Parthes. Montaigne compare les armures des soldats des ©poques ant©rieures, ainsi que leur vaillance, avec celles de son ©poque. Help Physics Homework Please. Il semble montrer que les armures sont d©sormais plus lourdes et qu'elles r©duisent la rapidit© des combats.

Mais il fait aussi r©f©rence la perte de courage et de force des soldats de son ©poque. L'auteur revient sur ce qu'il ©crit et tente d'expliquer que les sujets qu'il aborde, ne sont pas toujours ma®tris©s et qu'il ne s'agit que de montrer o¹ en est sa connaissance au jour des Essais. College Service Cheap. Sa connaissance, il la tire des livres notamment, et il pr©sente les auteurs qu'il appr©cie et ceux qui n'ont aucun int©rªt pour lui. Help With. Il compare les livres qui font preuve d'esprit, et montre sa pr©f©rence pour Plutarque et S©n¨que aux d©pens de Cic©ron et Platon. Write A Book Review. Il appr©cie aussi les livres qui lui permettent d'©tudier l'Histoire, leur contenu est toujours int©ressant pour l'Homme et montre la difficult© de la retranscrire de fa§on vraie. R©sum© Livre 2 Les Essais - Chapitres 11 20. L'auteur discute de la vertu et explique qu'il s'agit d'une attitude de lutte, et qu'elle ne semble pas ªtre un acte naturel, mais plus un effort. Help Physics Please. L'auteur se d©crit comme une personne dou© de vertu, mais il rattache cela la na¯vet© et semble penser qu'elle lui est inn©e. Homework Level D. Il parle ensuite du vice de la cruaut©, qu'il d©teste : il ne comprend pas le plaisir que certains en tirent. Homework. Il discute notamment de la cruaut© envers les animaux, qui lui parait monstrueuse.

CHAPITRE XII - Apologie de Raimond de Sebonde. Montaigne discute de l'œuvre de Raimond Sebonde, au moment o¹ la chr©tient© commen§a ªtre controvers©e. College Paper Writing Service. Il ©nonce le premier point qui est critiqu©, notamment par les ath©es dans ce livre : Sebonde semble prendre en compte l'action des Hommes sur la foi, ce qui parait incoh©rent avec la croyance religieuse. Physics Homework Please Textbook. Ainsi, l'interm©diaire des Hommes semble contrefaire la foi. Writing A Personal Statement For Medical School Law. La seconde critique concerne les arguments de Sebonde, que les d©tracteurs d©finissent comme faibles et inconsistants. With Physics Please. L'auteur utilise la raison pour y r©pondre et d©montre que l'animal et l'Homme sont dot©s d'une structure semblable (vªtements, « armes », langage. Lined School. ). Help Physics. Ainsi il semble contredire Sebonde, sur le fait que l'Homme soit sup©rieur tout autre ªtre humain. Ensuite, il discute de la science qu'il d©finit comme des connaissances qui semblent pouvoir amener l'Homme se croire sup©rieur et qui ne r©pondent pas son bonheur, voire le situe dans le Mal. Write A Book Review Crusoe. Il critique notamment la m©decine et expose que la tranquillit© de l'esprit et que la sagesse, n'existent que si l'Homme cesse ses questionnements (« abªtir » pour acc©der la simplicit© et donc au bonheur). With Physics Homework. Puis il s'exprime sur les r©flexions des philosophes, qui paraissent toujours vouloir d©battre d'une chose et ne pas vouloir d©cider. Homework Level. Il ©voque que le langage peut ªtre source de d©bat, et d'incompr©hensions dans ces situations. Help Homework Textbook. Durant cette d©monstration, Montaigne s'appuie sur l'exemple de la religion et de Dieu.

Il parait montrer que l'Homme le d©crit selon ses propres caract©ristiques. Astronomy Answers. Il pr©sente ensuite les diff©rentes situations, d©finitions et r´les de l'¢me, pressentis par les philosophes. Il interpelle le destinataire de cette lettre, possiblement, Marguerite de Valois, et lui demande de prot©ger Sebonde, de toutes ces critiques. Il montre ensuite que le jugement (et donc l'¢me) peut ªtre d©stabilis© par plusieurs facteurs. Homework Please Textbook. Enfin, Montaigne reprend chacune de ses id©es et se situe par rapport elle (la vertu, la v©rit©, la d©cence, les sens et les apparences, la mort. Dumpster Diving. ). CHAPITRE XIII - De juger de la mort d'autrui.

L'auteur s'int©resse la mort des Hommes et pr©cise que certains ne pensent pas qu'ils sont arriv©s la fin de leur vie, lorsqu'ils sont en train de mourir. Help Physics Please. Puis, travers plusieurs morts historiques, il ©voque le courage, plus ou moins important des Hommes, face leur mort. CHAPITRE XIV - Comme notre esprit s'empªche soi-mªme. Il discute du choix et montre comment l'esprit de l'Homme peut se mettre dans des situations d©licates, et devenir un obstacle pour lui-mªme. CHAPITRE XV - Que notre d©sir s'accro®t par la malaisance. Montaigne explique que la difficult© de garder ou d'avoir une chose, lui donne plus d'importance et r©ciproquement, l'abondance ou la facilit© am¨ne la m©prise de la chose. Write Review. Il semble exprimer, l'aide d'exemples, que ce principe peut s'appliquer aux relations amoureuses et la politique int©rieure. Dans ce chapitre, Montaigne exprime que la gloire est un besoin secondaire, qui ne devrait ªtre attribu© qu' Dieu, et qui est dangereuse pour l'Homme. Help Physics Please Textbook. En effet, la gloire nait d'un jugement, elle n'est pas une valeur morale et elle n'est pas viable (incertaine ou fruit du hasard ou mal attribu©e). Montaigne discute de la vision que l'on a de soi-mªme ou des autres, sans qu'on les connaisse r©ellement. Diving Essay. Des signes inconscients nous indiquent la r©elle nature des individus.

Puis il poursuit en expliquant que le jugement qu'il a sur lui-mªme est plut´t n©gatif et qu'il sous-estime toutes ses actions. With Homework Textbook. Il explique alors son point de vue en se d©crivant (langue, beaut©, sant©, agilit©, la m©moire. Writing A Personal Statement Law. ). Help Physics Homework Textbook. Il semble, ensuite, ©voquer le jugement, qu'il esp¨re ne pas ªtre trop rude, compte tenu du fait qu'il se d©voile. Print. Puis il expose que sa pr©somption fait que n©anmoins, il assume ses id©es et les appr©cie. Help Physics Please Textbook. Il termine sur la pr©somption qu'il a des autres et expose que les personnalit©s qu'il appr©cie, son ©poque, ne sont pas nombreuses. Lined Paper School Zebra. Il semble regretter que les Hommes de son ©poque, ne fassent pas autant preuve de grandeur, que ceux de l'Antiquit©. Ce chapitre continue le d©bat du chapitre pr©c©dent. Help With Physics. Montaigne explique pourquoi il ©crit ses Essais, malgr© sa faible c©l©brit©. Write Robinson Crusoe. Il se d©peint comme un homme simple, qui ne va pas enjoliver sa vie et ne pas mentir.

Il s'interroge alors sur l'utilit© de ce livre, puis sur le mensonge et le d©menti. CHAPITRE XIX - De la libert© de conscience. Montaigne explique qu'un trop vif engouement pour un principe ou une cause peut mener l'extrªme et des actes r©pr©hensibles. With Physics Textbook. Il montre l'exemple de la religion chr©tienne qui mena des censures. Mba Assignment. Mais il ajoute que certains ont utilis© cela des fins politiques : en semant la discorde dans le peuple (appui sur la libert© de conscience), ils se prot©geaient des oppositions. CHAPITRE XX - Nous ne go»tons rien de pur. L'auteur explique que rien de ce que l'on ressent, de ce que l'on fait, de ce que l'on ing¨re, n'est homog¨ne : tout est m©lang©. Help Physics Textbook. Ainsi, pour lui, le plaisir n'est jamais entier et r©v¨le souvent une partie noire (angoisse, peine. Write Review For Me Crusoe. ). Help With Please Textbook. Il semble en ªtre de mªme pour la justice et l'injustice ; ainsi que pour les relations humaines (hypocrisie ou franchise). Chapitres 21 30 - Livre Second Les Essais. CHAPITRE XXI - Contre la fain©antise.

Dans ce chapitre, l'auteur s'exprime sur la fain©antise des chefs politiques. A Book. Il utilise diff©rents exemple pour en rendre compte. With Physics Homework Please. Puis il les oppose aux chefs qui ont fait preuve d'ardeur, notamment aux combats, mªme proche de la mort. Montaigne parle du travail de messager, qu'il a embrass© un temps. Help Statement School Law. Il pr©sente diff©rents exemples de transmission rapide de messages, ainsi que les difficult©s notoires. CHAPITRE XXIII - Des mauvais moyens employ©s bonne fin. L'auteur fait un parall¨le entre les pays et les Hommes. Help Physics Homework Textbook. Il explique que les deux sont soumis des exc¨s d'humeur, qu'ils doivent limiter. Help Writing Law. Cette limitation semble pouvoir se traduire au sein des pays, comme une mise l'©cart d'une certaine population. Homework Textbook. Puis il ©voque les combats de gladiateurs, symboles de courage. CHAPITRE XXIV - De la grandeur romaine.

L'auteur ©voque la puissance romaine dans l'©tablissement de son empire. CHAPITRE XXV - De ne contrefaire le malade. Montaigne explique, travers plusieurs exemples, qu' trop vouloir imiter la maladie (pour se prot©ger, pour feindre. Lined Paper School Print. ) elle apparait vraiment. With. Puis il cite S©n¨que qui qui a constat© que le handicap, la maladie ou d'autres caract¨res restrictifs, ne sont pas toujours reconnus par la personne qui les a. Smu. Il pr´ne la philosophie pour se soigner. L'auteur discute de l'utilit© des pouces et de leur puissance, notamment dans la Rome Antique. CHAPITRE XXVII - Couardise m¨re de la cruaut© Montaigne explique que la l¢chet© m¨ne la cruaut© car il semble plus difficile de tuer un homme que de le faire souffrir.

Il ne comprend pas la vengeance qui d©coule de cette cruaut© et pr©sente diff©rents exemples de mise mort cruelles. CHAPITRE XXVIII - Toutes choses ont leur saison. En comparant Caton le Censeur et Caton le Jeune, il explique que chaque apprentissage se fait un ¢ge donn©. Help Physics Homework. Il critique les Hommes ¢g©s qui se mettent dans l'id©e d'apprendre des choses qu'ils auraient d» apprendre plus t´t. Paper School Zebra. Ces apprentissages n'ont plus d'int©rªt pour eux. L'auteur parait discuter des acc¨s de passion qui conduisent l'Homme associer des actes sa col¨re. Help With Physics Homework Please. Il semble d©finir ces penchants de l'¢me, comme une ligne directrice, une vertu laquelle on for medical school law, se rattache. CHAPITRE XXX - D'un enfant monstrueux. L'auteur, travers la description d'un enfant siamois, montre que l'anormalit© ne l'est que parce que c'est un fait inhabituel. Livre 2 Les Essais (Montagne) - Chapitres 31 37.

L'auteur explique qu'il serait important d'©diter des lois pour l'©ducation des enfants et ne pas la laisser aux seuls parents. With Physics Please. Il compl¨te son propos en expliquant que la col¨re est une passion qui d©r¨gle le jugement, la raison et am¨ne la violence. CHAPITRE XXXII - D©fense de S©n¨que et Plutarque. Montaigne discute des propos tenus sur Plutarque et S©n¨que par des auteurs contemporains. Zebra. Il r©fute les critiques qu'ils leur attribuent et justifie ses propos en citant l'Histoire Antique. CHAPITRE XXXIII - L'histoire de Spurina. L'auteur discute des passions qui cr©ent des conflits avec d'autres d©sirs (passion amoureuse et ambition, par exemple).

Il fait r©f©rence C©sar dont l'ambition ruina sa r©putation d'homme g©n©reux et humain. With Please. Il termine en expliquant que le fait de freiner ses passions, doit r©pondre sa propre volont© et non au regard des autres. CHAPITRE XXXIV - Observation sur les moyens de faire la guerre, de Julius Caesar. Montaigne ©voque la grandeur de C©sar concernant ses strat©gies et son commandement militaire. Dumpster Diving Essay. Puis il le compare celui d'Alexandre et montre la prudence de C©sar et ses capacit©s gouverner ses hommes. CHAPITRE XXXV - Des trois bonnes femmes. L'auteur discute des veuves qui s'©meuvent, de fa§on fausse, la mort de leur mari.

Il utilise l'exemple de trois femmes qui ont accompagn© leur mari dans leur mort in©vitable. With Physics Please. Il termine sur la mort de Paulina et S©n¨que, et montre la grandeur de celui-ci, dans ses derniers moments. CHAPITRE XXXVI - Des plus excellents hommes. Montaigne distingue trois hommes dans l'Histoire, qui sont, pour lui, les plus grands. Lined Paper. Il ©voque Hom¨re et ses comp©tences litt©raires et humaines in©gal©es. Physics Homework. Puis Alexandre Le Grand, dont il pr©sente la qualit© de son autorit©, de sa vertu ainsi que de sa connaissance. A Book For Me. Enfin, il ajoute, Epaminondas, moins glorieux que les autres, mais montrant plus de vertu dans sa conduite. CHAPITRE XXXVII - De la ressemblance des enfants au p¨re. L'auteur ©voque la maladie qui le ronge et le fait souffrir, malgr© la force qu'il use pour ©quilibrer sa douleur. With Physics Textbook. Puis il s'interroge sur les ressemblances dans les familles (il veut parler des g¨nes, qui n'ont pas encore ©t© d©couverts son ©poque) et parle de ses ancªtres face la maladie.

Ensuite, il pr©sente l'importance de la « bonne » sant© et parait se d©tacher de la m©decine, qui, pour lui, ne gu©rit pas. Law. Il la d©crit comme une science antique, dont ses acteurs nourrissent leur r©putation plus que le r©tablissement de la personne, travers des proc©d©s myst©rieux et suspects. With. Il continue cette discussion en parlant des « eaux » (thermales) qui semblent ªtre pour lui, le rem¨de le plus efficace toute maladie l©g¨re. Astronomy Homework D. Enfin, il termine sur les rem¨des qui sont propres chacun et il s'interroge sur leur efficacit© et leur fabrication. Enfin, il s'adresse Mme de Duras et se justifie d'attaquer ainsi la m©decine, qu'elle semble suivre. Vous devez ªtre connect© pour pouvoir lire la suite. Parfais ! Cela fait trente minutes que je cherche un tel document ! Merci beaucoup à ceux qui ont mis du temps dans ces corrigés,même si quelques points sont à éclaircir.

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Jan 27, 2018 Help with physics homework please textbook, custom essay order -

an essay sample The remainder of Help with this essay writing tutorial is based on Dumpster essay, a short sample #039;divorce essay#039; (about 1,000 words). To complete all of the associated tasks, it is easiest if you have the sample essay in front of you. A major change that has occurred in the Western family is an increased incidence in divorce. Whereas in the past, divorce was a relatively rare occurrence, in recent times it has become quite commonplace. This change is borne out clearly in census figures.

For example thirty years ago in Australia, only one marriage in ten ended in divorce; nowadays the figure is more than one in three (Australian Bureau of Help homework Statistics, 1996: p.45). A consequence of this change has been a substantial increase in the number of single parent families and the attendant problems that this brings (Kilmartin, 1997). An important issue for sociologists, and indeed for all of society, is why these changes in marital patterns have occurred. In this essay I will seek to critically examine a number of sociological explanations for the #039;divorce phenomenon#039; and also consider the social policy implications that each explanation carries with it. It will be argued that the best explanations are to be found within a broad socio-economic framework. One type of explanation for College writing reviews rising divorce has focused on changes in laws relating to marriage. For example, Bilton, Bonnett and Help physics homework Jones (1987) argue that increased rates of smu divorce do not necessarily indicate that families are now more unstable.

It is possible, they claim, that there has always been a degree of marital instability. They suggest that changes in the law have been significant, because they have provided unhappily married couples with #039;access to a legal solution to pre-existent marital problems#039; (p.301). Bilton et al. therefore believe that changes in divorce rates can be best explained in terms of Help with homework textbook changes in level d, the legal system. The problem with this type of explanation however, is that it does not consider why these laws have changed in Help homework textbook, the first place. It could be argued that reforms to zebra family law, as well as the increased rate of divorce that has accompanied them, are the product of Help physics homework textbook more fundamental changes in society. Another type of explanation is service cheap one that focuses precisely on these broad societal changes. For example, Nicky Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995) argues that increases in divorce and Help physics homework textbook marital breakdown are the result of economic changes that have affected the family. One example of these changes is the raised material aspirations of families, which Hart suggests has put pressure on both spouses to a book review become wage earners. Women as a result have been forced to become both homemakers and economic providers.

According to Hart, the contradiction of these two roles has lead to conflict and this is the main cause of Help with physics homework please textbook marital breakdown. It would appear that Hart#039;s explanation cannot account for all cases of divorce - for example, marital breakdown is liable to occur in families where only the husband is Write a book review robinson working. Nevertheless, her approach, which is to relate changes in family relations to broader social forces, would seem to be more probing than one that looks only at legislative change. The two explanations described above have very different implications for with physics please textbook social policy, especially in relation to how the problem of increasing marital instability might be dealt with. Bilton et al. (1995) offer a legal explanation and hence would see the solutions also being determined in this domain. If rises in divorce are thought to be the consequence of liberal divorce laws, the obvious way to stem this rise is to Mba assignment make them less obtainable.

This approach, one imagines, would lead to a reduction in divorce statistics; however, it cannot really be held up as a genuine solution to the problems of marital stress and breakdown in society. Indeed it would seem to be a solution directed more at symptoms than addressing fundamental causes. Furthermore, the experience of social workers, working in the area of family welfare suggests that restricting a couple#039;s access to divorce would in with physics textbook, some cases serve only to exacerbate existing marital problems (Johnson, 1981). Diving? In those cases where violence is involved, the consequences could be tragic. Apart from all this, returning to more restrictive divorce laws seems to be a solution little favoured by Australians. (Harrison, 1990). Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995), writing from a Marxist-feminist position, traces marital conflict to changes in the capitalist economic system and physics homework their resultant effect on the roles of smu men and women.

It is difficult to know however, how such an analysis might be translated into practical social policies. This is because the Hart program would appear to homework textbook require in the first place a radical restructuring of the economic system. Whilst this may be desirable for some, it is not achievable in Mba assignment smu, the present political climate. Hart is right however, to suggest that much marital conflict can be linked in with homework, some way to the economic circumstances of families. This is borne out in many statistical surveys which show consistently that rates of divorce are higher among socially disadvantaged families (McDonald, 1993). This situation suggests then that social policies need to Dumpster be geared to providing support and security for these types of families.

It is little cause for optimism however, that in recent years governments of all persuasions have shown an increasing reluctance to fund social welfare programs of this kind. It is difficult to offer a comprehensive explanation for the growing trend of Help with physics homework marital breakdown; and it is Mba assignment even more difficult to find solutions that might ameliorate the problems created by it. Clearly though, as I have argued in this essay, the most useful answers are to be found not within a narrow legal framework, but within a broader socio-economic one. Finally, it is worth pointing out that, whilst we may appear to be living in a time of increased family instability, research suggests that historically, instability may have been the norm rather than the exception. As Bell and Help with physics please Zajdow (1997) point out, in the past, single parent and step families were more common than is assumed - although the disruptive influence then was not divorce, but the premature death of one or both parents. This situation suggests that in studying the modern family, one needs to employ a historical perspective, including the possibility of Astronomy homework answers d looking to the past in Help with, searching for ways of Astronomy homework answers d dealing with problems in please textbook, the present. Australian Bureau of Statistics (1996). Divorces, Australia . Canberra: Australian Government Printing Service. Bell, R. and G. Zajdow (1997) Family and household. In R. Write Review? Jureidini, S. Help Homework Textbook? Kenny and M. Poole (eds).

Sociology: Australian Connections . St Leonards. NSW: Allen and Unwin. Bilton, T., K. Bonnett and P. Jones (1987). Introductory Sociology , 2nd edition. London: MacMillan. Haralambos, M. (1995). Sociology: Themes and College paper reviews cheap Perspectives , 3rd edition. London: Bell and Hyman. Harrison, M. (1995).

Grounds for divorce. Family Matters . No 42 pp 34-35. Johnson, V. Help Homework Please? (1981). The Last Resort: A Women#039;s Refuge . Ringwood: Penguin. Kilmartin, C. (1997). Children divorce and one-parent families. Family Matters . No. 48. ( Available On-line ) McDonald, P. (1993). Family Trends and diving essay Structure in Australia . Help Please Textbook? Australian Family Briefings No 3. Melbourne: Australian Institute of homework answers Family Studies.

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Jan 27, 2018 Help with physics homework please textbook, custom essay order -

Downsizing the Federal Government. Your Guide to Cutting Federal Spending. The Federal Emergency Management Agency: Floods, Failures, and Federalism. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is the lead federal agency for disaster preparedness, response, and relief. FEMA’s budget fluctuates from year to year, but spending has trended sharply upwards in recent decades.

The agency spent $22 billion in please fiscal 2013 and Lined paper zebra, $10 billion in fiscal 2014. The main activity of FEMA is distributing aid to individuals and state and local governments after natural disasters, such as hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes. In addition, the with physics please, agency provides ongoing grants to the states for disaster preparedness, and statement school law, it operates the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). FEMA’s response to some major disasters has been slow, disorganized, and Help with, profligate. The agency’s actions have sometimes been harmful, such as when it has blocked the Write crusoe, relief efforts of Help physics homework please, other organizations.

FEMA’s dismal response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005 dramatized the agency’s bureaucratic dysfunction. FEMA’s grants for disaster preparedness are known for wastefulness. As for smu the NFIP, its insurance subsidies are spurring development in flood-prone areas, which in Help with physics homework please turn is increasing the damage caused by floods. The NFIP also encourages an expansion of federal regulatory control over local land-use planning. Federalism is supposed to undergird America’s system of handling disasters, particularly natural disasters. State, local, and paper reviews cheap, private organizations should play the dominant role. Looking at American history, many disasters have generated large outpourings of aid by individuals, businesses, and with please textbook, charitable groups.

Today, however, growing federal intervention is undermining the role of private institutions and the states in handling disasters. Policymakers should reverse course and a book for me robinson crusoe, begin cutting FEMA. Ultimately, the Help with textbook, agency should be closed down by ending aid programs for Write a book for me robinson disaster preparedness and relief and privatizing flood insurance. President Jimmy Carter created the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) by executive order in 1979 to coordinate the Help physics homework textbook, government’s growing involvement in Lined zebra print disasters. Among federal agencies, FEMA has the lead role in with physics please helping communities respond to both natural and man-made disasters. However, the great bulk of Astronomy answers level, FEMA spending is for natural disasters, which are the main focus of this essay.

Aside from disaster relief, FEMA provides ongoing aid to the states for emergency preparedness, and it operates the National Flood Insurance Program. FEMA employees are generally not first responders. Instead, their main role is physics homework please providing financial aid to state and local governments and individuals. FEMA spent $10 billion in fiscal 2014, but annual expenditures fluctuate depending on the occurrence of disasters. 1 Spending has trended upwards in recent decades as federal aid packages have become larger and more frequent. Annual average FEMA spending was $0.7 billion in the 1980s, $2.8 billion in the 1990s, $13 billion in the 2000s, and Mba assignment smu, $13 billion so far in the 2010s. Since 2000, 61 percent of FEMA spending has been for disaster relief, 20 percent has been for ongoing grants to state and local governments, and 12 percent has gone to the NFIP. 2 The remaining 7 percent has gone to other programs and administrative costs.

Prior to the mid-20th century, federal involvement in disasters was generally limited to with physics homework please textbook, the activities of the U.S. military, which provided relief after some major disasters. There was very little civilian federal involvement in Mba assignment disasters, which were the responsibility of state and local governments and the private sector. Help With Homework Textbook? But since the 1950s, federal intervention has grown as numerous laws have expanded the Mba assignment, scope of federal authority and as policymakers have increased spending. Nonetheless, the federal role is still supposed to be very limited under current law. Under the Help homework, 1988 Stafford Act, the federal government is Dumpster essay supposed to get involved in disasters only Help homework please if they are of “such severity and magnitude that effective response is beyond the capabilities of the state and the affected local governments.” 3 A very limited federal role is appropriate under the American system of federalism. Reviews Cheap? State and local governments and the private sector should fund disaster preparedness and relief for disasters by physics textbook themselves, unless it is truly beyond their capabilities. And even then, states hit by disasters can rely on aid from College paper cheap, other states. Federal involvement is appropriate when it has unique capabilities to offer. The Coast Guard’s search and rescue operations are often vital after hurricanes.

And the National Guard under state command can provide a crucial resource after major disasters, both for Help with homework textbook law enforcement purposes and Help writing school, relief operations. Other federal agencies have unique resources to deal with threats such as terrorism, pandemics, and chemical and with physics homework, biological attacks. However, the great majority of paper school zebra print, what FEMA does is not unique. Rather, FEMA’s main role is simply to transfer money from with physics please, federal taxpayers to state and local governments and individuals for disaster-related costs. But there are few, if any, advantages in paper print funding these costs from the federal level, and there are many disadvantages, as this study discusses. The first section provides a brief history of disaster response in the United States. The next section discusses the threat posed by the rising federalization of physics textbook, disaster preparedness, response, and relief. Dumpster Essay? Federal policymakers are increasingly ignoring the Stafford Act limit, which could undermine the effectiveness of the nation’s disaster response system. Then the study examines FEMA’s performance in Help with physics textbook disaster response. The agency’s efforts have often been plagued by poor decisionmaking, wasteful spending, and excessive bureaucracy.

Some of its actions have been counterproductive and harmful. Dumpster Essay? FEMA’s confused response to Hurricane Katrina was a prime example of the dysfunction that the agency has become known for. Next, the study looks at FEMA’s ongoing grants to state and local governments for disaster preparedness, which are mainly grants for local emergency services. These grants have often wasted money on low-value activities. It is more efficient to fund local emergency services—such as fire and police—locally. Lastly, the study examines the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).

For decades, the NFIP has been subsidizing development in Help with homework textbook flood-prone areas, which has ended up putting more property at risk and exacerbating the damage from floods. The NFIP has also undermined federalism by Lined zebra print increasing federal regulation of local land-use planning. The essay concludes that policymakers should end FEMA aid for disaster preparedness, response, and relief. They should repeal the NFIP and move flood insurance to the private sector. Those reforms would reduce FEMA spending by more than 90 percent. Remaining activities that may fulfill a unique role—such as flood mapping, planning for the continuity of government, and preparedness for Help physics textbook technological and radiological hazards—should be moved to other federal agencies. With these reforms, FEMA should be closed down. Since the 19th century, the federal government through the U.S. military has occasionally provided aid after major disasters. 4 Until the mid-20th century, however, civilian federal aid for disasters was rare. After some disasters, Congress passed specific relief legislation, but many times it did not.

Relief bills were often blocked because policymakers did not believe that aid was a proper role for the federal government. Writing A Personal Statement For Medical School? 5 Between 1803 and 1947, Congress passed legislation just 128 times to either express sympathy for victims of particular disasters or to provide some modest aid. 6. In 1802 Portsmouth, New Hampshire, was destroyed by a fire. Help With Homework Textbook? Fortunately, a large number of private donations totaling more than $45,000 poured in from around the country to Lined, help rebuild the with please textbook, town. 7 Congress provided aid in the form of temporarily suspending duties owed to the federal government by merchants in College paper writing cheap the town. 8 Duties on Portsmouth trade were an important source of federal revenues, so the government had an with physics homework, interest in allowing the merchants to Astronomy homework answers, get back on their feet. In 1812 Congress provided $50,000 for physics textbook aid to Lined school, victims of an earthquake in the new republic of Venezuela, apparently for foreign policy reasons. 9. In 1815 Congress passed the New Madrid Relief Act, which provided aid to rural Missourians after a series of earthquakes.

The aid bill led to dissention and scandal. The act allowed victims in Missouri to exchange their damaged properties for certificates to acquire land elsewhere. But outside speculators descended on the area to buy land at bargain prices from owners who had not yet heard about the federal relief. Help Homework? At the same time, some owners who knew about the relief sold title to their land to multiple different speculators. The resulting unfairness of the process led to large amounts of litigation, which took decades to resolve. 10. In 1827 Congress gave $20,000 in Help statement school law aid to Alexandria, Virginia, after a major fire. Help Please? Even though the town was part of the homework, District of Columbia at the time, many members of Congress questioned the constitutionality of providing public money to aid private individuals. Help Physics Textbook? 11.

In 1835 the Great Fire of Manhattan razed 674 buildings over 50 acres in New York City. Congress passed legislation temporarily suspending payments owed to the federal government by the city’s affected merchants. 12. In 1871 the Great Chicago Fire left about 300 people dead and smu, 90,000 homeless. The U.S.

Army helped to restore order and provide security until the city got back on its feet. 13 Within days of the disaster, huge amounts of aid from individuals, charitable groups, businesses, and other cities poured in from around the Help with please, nation and abroad. 14 Chicago rebuilt very quickly. The private organization Chicago Relief and diving essay, Aid Society played the Help homework please, dominant role in coordinating the huge relief efforts. 15 The effective efforts of the Society were based on the organization’s deep roots in the local community and its skilled leadership by Astronomy answers experienced business people. In 1878 Congress passed the Posse Comitatus Act, which has had important implications for the federal role in disasters. Help Physics Homework Please? The Act generally bars military forces under federal command from being used for civilian law enforcement purposes. 16 Under current law, federal military personnel may be used for disaster relief operations at the request of a state, but not for law enforcement. 17 By contrast, National Guard units under the command of state governors are available to aid in law enforcement in disaster situations, as they were after Hurricane Katrina when the New Orleans police force collapsed.

In 1887 President Grover Cleveland famously vetoed a bill that would have provided $10,000 in aid to drought-stricken Texas farmers because of his concerns about constitutional federalism. In his veto message, Cleveland said, I can find no warrant for such an appropriation in the Constitution; and I do not believe that the College service reviews, power and duty of the General Government ought to Help physics please, be extended to the relief of Mba assignment smu, individual suffering which is in please no manner properly related to College paper writing service cheap, the public service or benefit. A prevalent tendency to with physics textbook, disregard the limited mission of this power and duty should, I think, be steadily resisted, to the end that the lesson should be constantly enforced that, though the people support the Lined paper school zebra, Government, the Government should not support the Help with physics please, people.” 18. In 1906 San Francisco was struck by a massive earthquake and paper cheap, fire that destroyed 80 percent of the city and killed about 3,000 people. 19 At least 225,000 people out of about 400,000 in the city were left homeless, and 28,000 buildings were wrecked. Help With Physics Homework Please Textbook? 20.

The San Francisco earthquake is remembered not just for the terrible destruction it caused, but also for the remarkably rapid rebuilding of the city. More than 200,000 residents initially left the city, but the population recovered to pre-quake levels within just three years, and residents quickly rebuilt about 20,000 buildings. 21. The private sector response to the disaster was extremely impressive. Voluntary aid poured in from around the country. John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and W.W. Astor, for example, each donated $100,000.

22 Charitable groups, including the Salvation Army and the Red Cross, played a large role in relief efforts. The health care and Help writing a personal statement for medical law, home-products company Johnson and Johnson quickly loaded rail cars full of physics homework, donated medical supplies and sent them to San Francisco. 23. The insurance industry was crucial to the rebuilding. About 90 percent of Lined paper school print, San Francisco residents had fire insurance from more than 100 different companies. 24 The companies ended up paying out a massive $225 million in Help with homework claims, which was equal to what the answers d, entire U.S. insurance industry had earned in please profits in the prior four decades.

25 Insurance payouts totaled about Mba assignment 90 percent of what was owed, as only a relatively small number of companies failed. 26. The banking system was devastated, with nearly all of San Francisco’s bank buildings destroyed. The small bank owned by Amadeo Giannini, which he had opened just two years earlier, was also ruined. Physics Homework Textbook? But Giannini was able to rescue his gold and securities, and the next day he opened for Help writing a personal for medical school business on a wharf on San Francisco Bay. His rapid response and willingness to provide loans to all types of people after the disaster helped him gain the respect of the city.

His bank would eventually grow to be the Help with physics homework please textbook, second-largest in the nation, the Bank of College paper writing service reviews cheap, America. Another impressive story is that of the Southern Pacific Railroad, which immediately swung into action and with physics homework please textbook, provided free evacuation for more than 200,000 city residents to anywhere in the country. 27 Within five days of the earthquake, the company had filled 5,783 rail cars with passengers leaving the Lined school zebra print, city. 28 Southern Pacific president Edward Harriman made disaster response the highest priority of physics homework please textbook, his rail network. 29 Only one day after the earthquake, the first of Lined paper zebra, his rail cars full of emergency supplies left Omaha for San Francisco. 30 Harriman personally donated $200,000 to relief efforts.

31. What about the government response to the San Francisco conflagration? The city had unfortunately suffered for years from with physics homework textbook, a corrupt local government. The good news was that in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, leading citizens formed essentially a new city government called the “Committee of 50,” which was credited with a very organized and effective disaster response. 32 For its part, Congress appropriated just $2.5 million for relief to San Francisco, or about Help writing statement for medical law $50 million in today’s dollars. Help With Homework Please Textbook? 33. The main federal organization that responded was the U.S. Army, which moved quickly to Lined paper school zebra print, take control of the city and homework please, provide water, food, tents, and Mba assignment, other relief items. Within five hours of the homework textbook, earthquake hitting, the Army had 1,500 troops in the city. Mba Assignment Smu? 34 Some of the actions of the Army were controversial, but the swift response by the commander of the nearby Presidio base is an example of with please, how local resources and Dumpster diving, local decisionmaking are crucial in the aftermath of disasters. 35.

In 1913 the Great Easter Flood ravaged a huge area in one of the most widespread and damaging disasters to ever strike the United States. 36 High winds and massive flooding caused destruction and please textbook, more than 1,000 deaths across 14 states from Vermont to Alabama. Diving Essay? The U.S. military aided with relief operations, and the National Guard was mobilized in numerous states. Americans responded with huge contributions to with physics, the Red Cross and smu, other charitable organizations aiding victims. Help Physics Textbook? 37. Ohio was the hardest hit state, and Dayton probably the hardest hit city.

It was built on a flood plain, so when the city’s levee system collapsed it resulted in disastrous flooding. Fortunately for Dayton, it was home to the National Cash Register Company (NCR) under President John Patterson. Seeing the flood disaster that was about to happen, Patterson seized the diving essay, initiative and NCR become the central funder and organizer of relief in the city. NCR built 300 boats to rescue flood victims, organized search teams, and with physics homework please, provided meals and shelter for thousands of homework answers level d, people. On its peak day, NCR’s kitchens provided meals for 83,000 flood victims. Help Physics Homework Please? 38 NCR headquarters also became the base of operations for the Red Cross and Ohio National Guard. 39. John Patterson was an interesting leader.

He instituted innovative and enlightened management practices, such as providing a wide range of recreation and medical amenities for Dumpster essay workers. But he was also an aggressive businessman, and he and Help with physics homework, other NCR executives were found guilty of violating federal antitrust laws just weeks before the flood, although this was reversed on appeal. 40 NCR’s leaders apparently saw a chance to redeem themselves in the eyes of the essay, community, and their remarkable efforts to save their city during the flood gained them national praise. Historian Trudy Bell writes in detail about the 1913 disaster. 41 One of her interesting findings is that there were widespread refusals of Help homework please textbook, aid by robinson affected individuals and communities, apparently because of cultural norms at the time regarding personal pride and the belief in standing on one’s own feet. Help With Physics? 42 In 1913 some people and communities even gave back unused amounts of aid that they had received.

These days, sadly, the situation is the reverse: there is Astronomy homework answers level a large amount of fraud in relief programs in the wake of disasters. In 1917 War Department regulations established precedents that guided the federal role in disaster relief in with physics homework textbook subsequent decades. 43 The rules specified that state governments have primary responsibility for disaster response, federal resources should supplement not supplant state efforts, and federal aid is Write review crusoe appropriate only when state governments are truly overwhelmed. In 1927 one of the most damaging floods in U.S. history occurred when the Mississippi River and tributaries broke out of levee systems in many places. The Great Mississippi Flood highlighted failures of the Army Corps of Engineers’ approach to flood control.

44 In annual reports before the flood, the Help with physics please textbook, Corps told Congress that the Mississippi was safe from serious flooding. 45. In the Write a book review robinson crusoe, flood’s aftermath, President Calvin Coolidge appointed Herbert Hoover to lead the federal disaster response, which mainly involved helping to coordinate private relief efforts. 46 Those private efforts included the Red Cross’s huge achievement in providing hundreds of thousands of Help please textbook, people food and shelter in robinson crusoe temporary camps. 47 Hoover made appeals to the public for donations and was impressed by the generosity of Help with physics homework please textbook, so many people: “No other Main Street in the world could have done what the American Main Street did in Mba assignment smu the Mississippi flood… . The safety of the United States is its multitudinous mass leadership.” 48. Despite Hoover’s prominent role in the 1927 flood, federal relief spending for with homework please textbook natural disasters remained modest and sporadic. It was the statement school, Disaster Relief Act of 1950 that started to with physics textbook, change that by College cheap creating a permanent, civilian structure for federal disaster relief. Help Please Textbook? The Act authorized only a small amount of funding, but it gave the president continuing authority to respond to College service, hurricanes, earthquakes, fires, floods, and with homework textbook, other events with various types of College reviews cheap, aid. 49. The 1950 law reaffirmed that the Help with physics please, federal role was to provide supplementary aid to state and local governments only in the severest of emergencies.

In 1953 President Harry Truman issued Executive Order 10427, which said that federal disaster relief should be “supplementary to relief afforded by state, local, or private agencies and not in substitution.” 50. In the decades after the 1950 law, Congress expanded the scope of federal aid in College reviews cheap more than a dozen laws. As an physics homework, example, federal aid was initially only Mba assignment provided to local governments, and generally not individuals. But Congress added aid for individuals in the Disaster Relief Act of 1970. 51. In 1968 the National Flood Insurance Act offered federal insurance to properties at risk for flooding. A key justification by Help homework please textbook supporters of federal flood insurance was that it would alleviate the need to pass special aid legislation after each flood disaster. Review? As it has turned out, however, taxpayers are now both subsidizing flood insurance and paying for Help with please textbook special relief bills passed after floods.

The Disaster Relief Act of 1974 created the College paper service reviews, Federal Disaster Assistance Administration within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. With Physics Homework Please? This administration was the main forerunner of FEMA. The 1974 Act also created the current system of Mba assignment smu, presidential “emergency” and “major disaster” declarations for adverse events. The main purpose of the declarations is to homework please, authorize a flow of federal dollars to aid state and local governments and individuals. The number of presidential declarations has soared since the Astronomy level d, 1970s, as discussed below. In 1979 President Jimmy Carter issued Executive Orders 12127 and 12148 to create and structure the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Carter was prompted to create the Help with textbook, new agency after the confused and ineffective federal responses to Write a book for me, Hurricane Agnes in 1972 and the Three Mile Island incident of 1979. 52 His administration patched FEMA together from existing agencies located in various departments.

FEMA’s main responsibilities are to hand out aid and to coordinate the federal response to major disasters that overwhelm state and Help with physics homework please textbook, local governments. In 1988 the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act updated the framework for College service reviews cheap presidential disaster declarations and with, the coordination of College, FEMA’s response. 53 The governor of a state may request the president to declare an “emergency” or a “major disaster” if an event “is of such severity and magnitude that effective response is with please beyond the capabilities of the state and the affected local governments and that federal assistance is necessary.” 54 “Emergency” declarations are usually made before disasters such as hurricanes hit, while “major disaster” declarations come after disasters hit and create broad authority for federal agencies to aid state and writing a personal statement for medical school, local governments and individuals. In recent years, 86 percent of major disaster declarations requested by governors have been approved by the president. 55.

Aid authorized under the Stafford Act is disbursed from FEMA’s Disaster Relief Fund (DRF). DRF spending fluctuates from year to year depending on events, but since 2000 has averaged $8.3 billion annually. 56 Spending peaked at $24 billion in 2006 after Hurricane Katrina. In recent years, 50 percent of DRF spending has gone to Help physics please, state and local governments for damaged public facilities and debris removal, 29 percent was spent on individual aid, and the rest was spent on administration and zebra, other costs. With Physics Textbook? 57 For public facilities and debris removal, the federal government generally pays 75 percent of the costs and state and local governments pay the Write a book review for me crusoe, other 25 percent. But the president can increase the federal share of these costs, and he has done so about Help homework textbook three-quarters of the time that governors have asked him to.

58. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) finds that the share of DRF funding spent on paper, administration doubled between 1989 and 2011 from 9 percent to Help physics homework, 18 percent. A Book Review Robinson? 59 Thus, almost a fifth of federal disaster aid is consumed by the paperwork costs. Help Physics? The GAO notes that the cost to diving, administer some small disaster declarations actually exceeds the amount of federal aid provided. 60. On paper, the Stafford Act reaffirms principles of federalism in disaster response, but in practice it has spurred increased federal intervention in smaller-scale disasters.

Few of the “major disasters” declared in Help homework please recent decades have actually been major enough to meet the plain language of the statute. Homework D? 61 Heritage Foundation FEMA expert Matt Mayer notes, “it is homework clear that the current definition used by FEMA to issue declarations is routinely ignored.” 62 He observes that some declarations are made months after disasters occur, which indicates that the paper writing service cheap, purpose is simply for states to get a federal bailout. In 2002 President George W. Bush signed into law the Homeland Security Act creating the massive Department of Homeland Security (DHS), which merged 22 existing federal agencies including FEMA. President Bush promised that the new DHS would “improve efficiency without growing government,” create “future savings,” and cut out “duplicative and redundant activities that drain critical homeland security resources.” 63. It has not turned out Help with homework please that way. DHS’s budget tripled from $18 billion in 2002 to $57 billion by 2013. 64 And, like other federal departments, DHS has become known for mismanagement and wasteful spending. For example, the department’s gigantic new headquarters being planned in Washington, D.C., is over-budget by $1.5 billion. 65. In 2005 Hurricane Katrina caused massive damage to the Gulf Coast, flooded New Orleans, and killed more than 1,800 people.

The storm damage was greatly exacerbated by the failures of paper school, FEMA, Congress, the Army Corps of Engineers, and state and local governments. Please? 66 The fact that FEMA had been buried inside of the new DHS bureaucracy was one factor that may have contributed to diving essay, the agency’s failed response. Congress appropriated more than $100 billion for Help with physics please textbook FEMA and other federal agencies for diving essay the Katrina response and Help physics please textbook, rebuilding, much of which was spent years after the disaster. 67. FEMA appears to have done a better job in responding to Hurricane Sandy in 2012, although there was still plenty of criticism. 68 With a presidential election only a week away, the Obama administration seemed determined not to writing statement for medical, be tarred with failure, as was the Bush administration with Katrina. The storm caused an estimated 159 deaths and with physics homework, tens of billions of dollars in damage in New York, New Jersey, and other states. Congress passed a $60 billion relief bill after Sandy, but most the funds were for rebuilding years down the road and other purposes, not for immediate relief. 69 Such spending should be a state, local, and private responsibility, not a federal one. One interesting aspect of the federal Sandy response was that the Write a book review for me robinson, president pushed aside FEMA as the Help physics homework, lead agency for disaster recovery and created a new Hurricane Sandy Rebuilding Task Force chaired by the secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). A larger share of the $60 billion Sandy aid money was channeled through HUD than FEMA.

70 These developments suggest an unfortunate broadening of Astronomy homework level d, federal subsidy efforts in physics homework please response to major disasters. Federalization of Disaster Relief. In the U.S. disaster response system, the primary government responsibility is supposed to lie with the states. The federal government is only supposed to play a supporting role in the largest of disasters. Here’s how the Congressional Research Service describes the system: The United States takes a “bottom up” approach to both managing and providing assistance during a disaster.

The responsibility for responding to Dumpster, disasters begins at the local level with elected officials and Help with physics homework textbook, emergency service personnel. If the local governmental resources are overwhelmed, non-governmental organizations in the community and neighboring governmental jurisdictions may be called upon to provide assistance. College Paper Writing Service Reviews? If those become exhausted, the homework, state and tribal governments may supplement the local government’s resources, and the governor may make a state disaster declaration. Only after both local and state/tribal government resources have been overwhelmed, and the governor of the state has requested assistance, does the federal government begin to “supplement the efforts and available resources of States, local governments, and disaster relief organizations in alleviating the damage, loss, hardship, or suffering. Under this principle, except in the most extraordinary circumstances, the local and state/tribal governments are in charge of the diving, disaster response. FEMA, or any other federal agency, is there to aid the disaster response process through the National Response Framework and programs it administers, and to coordinate federal resources in response to state requests—not to Help with homework textbook, be in the lead or take command. 71.

A decentralized approach to disasters makes sense. Under the U.S. Constitution, the Astronomy answers level, powers delegated to the federal government are “few and defined,” as James Madison observed in Federalist 45, while state powers “will extend to all the objects which, in the ordinary course of affairs, concern the lives, liberties, and properties of the people, and the internal order, improvement, and prosperity of the State.” Constitutionally, the states should generally handle their own disasters. From a practical perspective, it is Help with homework state, local, and Write a book review crusoe, private organizations and resources that are on the scene and available to immediately assist in emergencies. State and physics please, local governments employ 1.3 million people in paper school zebra print police forces and with physics homework please, fire departments, and those first responders are spread out across our huge nation. 72 State governors have wideranging responsibilities during disasters, and Write for me crusoe, they typically have access to special powers, such as being able to order evacuations. As for the private sector, the 9/11 Commission report noted that “because 85 percent of our nation’s critical infrastructure is controlled not by with physics please textbook governments but by the private sector, private-sector civilians are likely to be the first responders in any future catastrophes.” 73. Nonetheless, the federal government’s role in disasters has been growing steadily in recent decades. Writing Statement School? This is textbook a troubling development. Smu? Excessive federal intervention threatens to undermine and with physics homework please, crowd out more efficient state, local, and paper school print, private disaster response efforts.

Also, federal interventions usually come with top-down rules that stifle innovation and physics homework please, reduce the efficiency of state and local government services. What is the cause of rising federal intervention in disasters? Partly it was the response to 9/11, and partly it is the result of today’s media environment. News reports often imply that the federal government should come to the rescue in response to local emergencies. Presidents often visit disaster sites hoping to make it look like they are in charge.

Television coverage shows officials from FEMA and other federal agencies on the scene. However, such images give a misleading impression since state governments are actually in charge of school print, disaster situations, and local and private organizations carry out the bulk of response and relief. Homeland security expert James Miskel notes that FEMA leaders in disaster areas have “no directive authority and can only request or suggest actions by the state.” 74. The bipartisan House report on Katrina in 2006 noted that “many Americans—and perhaps even some state and local officials—falsely viewed FEMA as some sort of national fire and rescue team” but “FEMA is not a first responder agency.” 75 Instead, for most disasters, the Help with textbook, purpose of federal intervention is simply to pay for state, local, and private costs with federal taxpayer dollars. The only federal role for homework answers level the “vast majority” of Help with physics please textbook, declared major disasters is Write a book review for me robinson financial.

76. In his book, Disaster Response and Homeland Security , James Miskel writes: In all but a handful of Help physics please, instances, federal disaster relief amounts to a book-keeping exercise in which costs are shifted from the state’s ledger to the federal government’s and the federal action consists of little more than writing a check to the affected state and/or local government and subsequently auditing the expenditure. Thus for the typical disaster, the on-the-ground response action is really confined to Lined zebra print, two of the three system elements: the Help homework textbook, private sector and the state/local government agencies. In the typical disaster—even the typical federally declared disaster—the federal government plays no operational role at all. Even in Help a personal statement school law major disasters the coordination function is led by the affected state or states. When a federal coordinator is appointed, his or her job is to orchestrate the response efforts of federal agencies, not to ‘take over’ the entire response. 77. The large amount of federal disaster aid that is potentially available to Help with physics, the states has created a political dynamic that has pushed up federal costs. After even small, localized disasters, governors, state politicians, and state congressional delegations often lobby the White House to declare the event a “major disaster” so that the homework d, state can access federal aid. As a consequence, the homework please, number of disaster declarations has soared in recent decades.

The annual average number was 51 in the 1970s, 29 in the 1980s, 74 in the 1990s, 127 in the 2000s, and Mba assignment smu, 139 so far in the 2010s. 78 There has been more than one disaster declaration every three days, on average, in recent years. Politics infuses the process. Studies find states that are politically important to the president have a better chance of receiving a disaster declaration, and also that states with a member of Congress serving on the House committee overseeing FEMA typically receive more funding. Help Homework Textbook? 79. Recent presidents have tended to declare the most major disasters in the year that they were up for reelection. That was true for Ronald Reagan in 1984, George H. W. Bush in 1992, and a book robinson, Bill Clinton in 1996. George W. Bush declared the most disasters of his first term in his reelection year of 2004. Aside from politics, another cause of Help, increasing federal intervention is that the threshold that FEMA uses to Dumpster, determine whether federal aid is appropriate is “artificially low,” says the GAO. 80 FEMA mainly relies on a per capita damage threshold to determine if federal aid is needed. In 2012 the threshold for damage to public facilities was $1.35 per capita, so that a state with 10 million people would receive federal aid to pay for all disasters causing $13.5 million or more in damage.

81. GAO finds that FEMA’s dollar thresholds have not kept pace with inflation and growth, so that over time a larger share of disasters are meeting the threshold for aid. Occasional efforts to impose stricter limits have been rebuffed by Congress. Help Physics Homework Textbook? 82 Yet the thresholds for federal intervention are absurdly low. GAO finds that in recent years 60 percent of school, federally declared disasters had a cost of less than $25 million. 83 Even the smallest state could easily find the money to pay for Help with physics homework please textbook a disaster of that size. What are the problems created by Help writing school law rising federal intervention?

As noted, it goes against homework please the grain of constitutional federalism. Mba Assignment? And, practically, the great majority of first responder resources are owned and with physics homework please textbook, managed locally. Homework Answers D? Matt Mayer notes, “almost all disasters are indeed local, which is with homework textbook why the vast majority of them should be responded to, run by, and funded by state and local governments and their taxpayers.” 84. Federal intervention impedes disaster response and rebuilding because of all the extra paperwork involved. James Fossett of the Rockefeller Institute of Government notes that FEMA’s program for aiding state and local governments, “requires local governments to obtain advance approval for College paper reviews each project and pay for each project up front before getting federal reimbursement for their costs, which must be exhaustively documented. These lengthy, complex processes inevitably delay the recovery process and make it difficult to Help physics homework, spend money in a timely fashion.” 85 Fossett notes that FEMA does not have sufficient staff to review in a timely fashion the thousands of state and local projects submitted to it for approval after a large storm.

86. Another problem with federal intervention is that it creates inequities between the Mba assignment, states. Federal disaster aid means that the costs of living in more dangerous places, such as on the Florida seacoast, are partly imposed on the residents of other states. Help? Some states, such as Michigan, have very few federally declared disasters, but have to foot the Dumpster diving, bill for the states where disasters are more costly 87. People should balance the full costs and Help homework textbook, benefits of Lined school print, living in Help with homework please textbook different places in an unsubsidized manner. Florida has more costly natural disasters than Michigan, but people should trade that off against the extra sun and warmth. The federal government should not incentivize people to live in Florida, but that is writing a personal school what federal disaster aid does. Perhaps the main problem with federal aid is that it reduces the incentive for Help with please textbook state and local governments to Mba assignment smu, prepare for disasters themselves. In his book, Disasters and Democracy , Professor Rutherford Platt concludes that it is “good politics for state and local governments to neglect their own disaster response capabilities in order to make it easier to qualify for a presidential declaration.” 88.

A Heritage Foundation study finds that the states have cut their preparedness budgets and rainy day funds in recent years, apparently because they assume that Uncle Sam will pay for Help with physics disasters. 89 As federal subsidies expand, it may cause a “ratcheting down” of service reviews, state disaster response capabilities. 90 Adding to the problem, FEMA may have a bias toward turning down disaster aid for states that have strong emergency capabilities because such states do not “need” federal aid. 91. Experts have long been concerned about these negative incentive effects of federal aid. A White House study under Richard Nixon warned against federal disaster aid that was “so generous that individuals, businesses, and communities have little incentive to take initiatives to reduce personal and local hazards.” 92 Vice President Al Gore’s “reinventing government” initiative looked at America’s disaster relief system in the 1990s, and concluded that it “encourages state and local elected officials to ask for with please maximum federal disaster assistance.” 93 The report warned that “the ready availability of federal funds may actually contribute to disaster losses by reducing incentives for hazard mitigation and preparedness.” 94 Similarly, House and Senate reports after the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake concluded that the availability of federal aid had encouraged state and local governments to neglect disaster preparation and mitigation. 95. In the wake of FEMA’s failures during Hurricane Katrina, Florida governor Jeb Bush warned against paper school zebra print proposals that would strengthen federal powers at the expense of the states. Physics Homework Textbook? He said, “As the Astronomy homework answers d, governor of a state that has been hit by seven hurricanes and two tropical storms in the past 13 months, I can say with certainty that federalizing emergency response to catastrophic events would be a disaster as bad as Hurricane Katrina.” 96 And, he said, “if you federalize, all the innovation, creativity and knowledge at the local level would subside.” 97. The upshot is that increased federal intervention would backfire. As Matt Mayer says, the “states should not be rewarded for being underprepared,” which they are under the current system.

98 Indeed, federal disaster aid in recent years is physics textbook almost treated as if a state has won the lottery. After Hurricane Sandy, politicians in the affected states announced grand ideas about how they wanted to spend the tens of writing statement law, billions of dollars of federal relief money. Help Homework Textbook? A Bloomberg headline captured the essence: “Sandy Seen as Stimulus, Thanks to Rebuilding.” 99. A federal response is, of diving, course, crucial for Help physics homework textbook terrorism and other threats where federal agencies have unique capabilities that states do not have. Federal agencies, for example, have specialized resources to handle chemical and biological attacks, pandemics, and nuclear threats.

And, as discussed in this essay, the Coast Guard plays a crucial role in paper service reviews cheap hurricane disasters, while the U.S. Help With Please? military is sometimes called into College paper service reviews cheap service for Help with relief in truly major disasters. But nearly all of FEMA’s spending is for natural disaster preparedness, response, and relief that should be funded at the state, local, and private levels. After numerous disasters, FEMA has been criticized for its slow response, wasteful spending, red tape, and Lined paper zebra print, poor coordination. Help With Physics Homework Please Textbook? FEMA’s response to Hurricane Katrina exemplified those problems, but it was only one “in a series of major hurricanes in which the Write a book review robinson crusoe, overall system performed poorly,” according to security expert James Miskel. 100 He notes that “an objective examination of FEMA’s history suggests that bureaucratic weakness is the rule rather than the exception for the agency.” 101. FEMA’s poor response to Hurricane Andrew in 1992 illustrated some of the Help homework textbook, agency’s shortcomings.

Andrew, which struck southern Florida, caused 61 deaths and was the third most costly hurricane in College paper writing service U.S. history, after Katrina and Sandy. 102 “The federal response … was fraught with delays and with physics, major problems,” notes Platt. 103 It took a long time for FEMA to get a detailed assessment of damage and to determine the needs of the victims. 104 The agency made poor decisions, such as setting up telephone banks for victims to for me crusoe, call in for aid—even though 150,000 people had lost phone service. 105. Another blunder was that FEMA did not arrange for pre-positioned supplies at physics locations close to the coming hurricane because of its misunderstanding of actions allowed before a presidential disaster declaration. 106 In the days leading up to Andrew’s landfall, the Department of paper zebra print, Defense readied supplies to be shipped to South Florida, but because of FEMA’s flawed understanding of with physics textbook, proper procedures, it did not authorize the College reviews, shipments. One official report on Hurricane Andrew concluded that too many senior federal officials were political appointees without adequate experience in Help with physics please disaster response. 107 There were also many reports of school print, fraud and waste in FEMA’s relief efforts. Physics Homework Please Textbook? Overseeing a hearing on Andrew in 1992, Sen.

Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) said, “I am outraged by the federal government’s pathetically sluggish response and ill-planned response to the devastating disaster wrought by Hurricane Andrew … Time and again the federal government has failed to respond quickly and effectively to major disasters.” 108. Meanwhile, the College writing service, U.S. With Physics Homework? military, the National Guard, and the private sector played large and Dumpster diving essay, effective roles in responding to Help physics homework textbook, Hurricane Andrew. 109 The military provided supplies such as meals and medical care. National Guardsmen under state command aided local law enforcement. Help Writing Statement For Medical School Law? 110 And the private sector response was exemplified by homework please textbook the impressive efforts of electric utilities to restore power. Hundreds of crews of utility workers from across Florida and numerous other states worked tirelessly to fix the huge number of outages. 111. FEMA’s shortcomings, which were apparent during Andrew, were magnified during the agency’s dismal response to Hurricane Katrina. Katrina resulted in Lined school zebra print the flooding of New Orleans, massive destruction along the Gulf Coast, $100 billion in property damage, and Help physics textbook, about 1,800 deaths. Mba Assignment? Weather forecasters warned the public and policymakers about the hurricane’s approach, and so governments should have been ready for it. But they were not, and Katrina exposed major failures in disaster preparedness and Help physics textbook, response by FEMA and other federal, state, and local agencies.

Here are a few of the federal failures in Help statement for medical school law the Katrina response: Confusion . Key officials in FEMA and DHS were not proactive, they gave faulty information to physics homework please textbook, the public, and Help for medical school, they were not adequately trained to Help with physics, carry out Help writing a personal statement school their roles. The 2006 bipartisan House report on the disaster, A Failure of Help with, Initiative , says, “federal agencies, including DHS, had varying degrees of unfamiliarity with their roles and responsibilities under the National Response Plan and National Incident Management System.” 112 The report says there was “general confusion over mission assignments, deployments, and command structure.” 113 One reason that FEMA was confused was that its executive suites were full of political appointees with little disaster experience. A Personal Statement School Law? 114 That has been the rule, not the exception with FEMA, which “has often been staffed with executives who were not highly regarded in the field of disaster relief.” 115 Failure to Learn . With Physics Please Textbook? The government was unprepared for Katrina even though it was widely known that such a hurricane was probable, and weather forecasters had been accurate in predicting the advance of College paper service, Katrina before landfall. 116 A year prior to Katrina, government agencies had performed a simulation exercise—“Hurricane Pam”—for a hurricane of textbook, similar strength hitting New Orleans, but governments “failed to learn important lessons” from the exercise. 117 Communications Breakdown . The House report found that there was “a complete breakdown in communications that paralyzed command and Mba assignment, control and made situational awareness murky at best.” 118 Agencies could not communicate with each other due to Help physics textbook, equipment failures and a lack of system interoperability. 119 These problems occurred despite the fact that FEMA and predecessor agencies have been giving grants to state and paper school zebra, local governments for emergency communication systems since the beginning of the Cold War.

120 Supply Failures . Some emergency supplies were prepositioned before the storm, but there was nowhere near enough. 121 In places that desperately needed help, such as the New Orleans Superdome, it took days to deliver medical supplies. 122 And FEMA wasted huge amounts of supplies. Help Physics Homework Please Textbook? It delivered millions of paper school print, pounds of ice to holding centers in cities far away from the Gulf Coast. Help Physics Homework Please? FEMA sent truckers carrying ice on wild goose chases across the diving essay, country. 123 Two years later, the agency ended up throwing out Help homework please textbook $100 million of ice unused. 124 FEMA similarly gave away $85 million worth of household goods purchased for victims that sat unused in warehouses for two years.

125 The agency paid for 25,000 mobile homes costing $900 million, but these went almost totally unused due to FEMA’s own regulations that such homes cannot be used on flood plains, which is where most Katrina victims lived. 126 Indecision . Indecision plagued government leaders in numerous areas, such as the deployment of supplies, medical personnel, and other items. 127 Even the grisly task of body recovery after Katrina was slow and confused. Bodies went uncollected for days “as state and federal officials remained indecisive on a body recovery plan.” 128 FEMA waited for Louisiana to homework answers level, make decisions about bodies, but the Help with physics, governor of Louisiana blamed FEMA’s tardiness in making a deal with a contractor. Similar problems of cheap, too many bureaucratic cooks in the kitchen hampered decisionmaking in areas such as organizing evacuations and providing law enforcement resources to Louisiana. And before the Help homework, storm, too many agencies were responsible for New Orleans’ levees, so nobody took responsibility for the deficiencies. Fraud and Abuse . Free-flowing Katrina aid unleased a torrent of fraud and abuse. GAO estimated that $1 billion or more in aid payments for individuals were invalid or fraudulent. Astronomy? 129 Other estimates put the total waste at up to $2 billion.

130 An Associated Press analysis found that “people claiming to live in as many as 162,750 homes that did not exist before the storms may have improperly received as much as $1 billion in homework textbook tax money.” 131 A New York Times investigation concluded: “Among the many superlatives associated with Hurricane Katrina can now be added this one: it produced one of the most extraordinary displays of College paper writing reviews, scams, schemes and stupefying bureaucratic bungles in modern history, costing taxpayers up to Help please, $2 billion.” 132. Perhaps the homework answers level, most appalling aspect of the federal response was that FEMA frequently obstructed the relief efforts of other organizations. Here are some examples: FEMA repeatedly blocked the delivery of emergency supplies ordered by the Methodist Hospital in New Orleans from its out-of-state headquarters. 133 FEMA turned away doctors volunteering their services at emergency facilities. Help With Physics Homework Textbook? Methodist’s sister hospital, Chalmette, for example, sent doctors to the emergency facility set up at New Orleans Airport to offer their services, but were turned away because their names were not in a government database. 134 Private medical air transport companies played an important role in evacuations after Katrina. But FEMA officials provided no help in coordinating these services, and they actively blocked some of the flights.

135 FEMA “refused Amtrak’s offer to evacuate victims, and wouldn’t return calls from the American Bus Association.” 136 Indeed, both the Motorcoach Association and the American Bus Association could not get through to anyone at smu FEMA to offer help for evacuations. With Physics Homework? 137 The Red Cross was denied access to the Superdome in New Orleans to deliver emergency supplies. 138 FEMA turned away trucks from Walmart loaded with water for answers d New Orleans, and it prevented the Coast Guard from delivering diesel fuel. 139 Offers of emergency supplies, vehicles, and specialized equipment from other nations were caught in federal red tape and please, shipments were delayed. 140. A New York Times article during the disaster said there was “uncertainty over who was in charge” and “incomprehensible red tape.” 141 A key problem that Katrina made clear is that the government’s emergency response system has become far too complex. The system “fractionates responsibilities” across multiple layers of governments and multiple agencies. 142 There are 29 different federal agencies that have a role in disaster relief under the National Response Framework. College Writing? 143 These agencies are involved in 15 different cross-agency “Emergency Support Functions.” There is homework please textbook also a National Incident Management System, a National Disaster Recovery Framework, and numerous other “national” structures that are supposed to Mba assignment smu, coordinate action. In 2006 the head of the bipartisan Senate committee that investigated Katrina, Sen.Susan Collins (R-ME), concluded that FEMA was a “shambles and beyond repair.” 144 But her committee proposed replacing it with a larger and more powerful agency, which is exactly the wrong way to go.

It is the Help textbook, intense bureaucracy that helped to cause the indecision and mismanagement we saw with Katrina, and so we do not need more of that. Disaster expert Rutherford Platt noted in his 1999 book that “during the past 50 years, Congress has created a legal edifice of byzantine complexity to cope with natural disasters.” 145 We have arrived at a point where “the numbers of and variety of federal agencies involved in disaster-related activities are breathtaking.” 146 The complexity has become worse over the past 15 years. Here is one example: in an 84-page memo describing a single FEMA program, I counted 113 different acronyms, each referring to smu, different homeland security structures, laws, and procedures. 147 The federal government’s official response framework is so complicated that it is has been partly ignored during some disasters. 148. That said, some government agencies performed very well, even heroically, during Katrina. The Coast Guard’s performance, for example, was widely lauded. With Physics Homework Please Textbook? It rapidly deployed 4,000 service members, 37 aircraft, and 78 boats to the area. 149 The agency rescued more than 30,000 people in the days following the College paper reviews cheap, storm. 150.

Why did the please, Coast Guard succeed? Unlike FEMA, it has decentralized operations and relies much more on a book robinson, local decisionmaking. Coast Guard employees live in local communities and are familiar with local leaders and institutions, so they were able to make decisions rapidly during Katrina based on the best information. 151 One expert writing about the Coast Guard’s culture says, “the Coast Guard has always emphasized decentralization with much decisionmaking authority vested in the commander on the scene.” 152. Coast Guard officers have an with physics homework please, “ethos of independent action,” which was crucial in the first days after Katrina when communications with higher authorities were down. 153 Indeed, some people in the Coast Guard viewed it as a “blessing” that communications were down because that allowed them to swing into action quickly, rather than having to paper school zebra, wait for instructions and fill out paperwork. 154 The Coast Guard also has a fairly precise set of missions, while FEMA has more amorphous functions. A final factor is that the Coast Guard is more insulated from with please, politics than is FEMA.

The National Guard under state command also played a crucial role during Katrina, as it has during other disasters. The Guard helped to reestablish law and order in New Orleans after the local police force was devastated. Lined? A key strength of the National Guard is the cross-state agreements in place for Guard units to textbook, share personnel and assets when disaster strikes. The 50,000 National Guardsmen providing relief after Katrina were from 49 states of the union. They “participated in every aspect of emergency response, from medical care to law enforcement and debris removal, and Lined paper zebra print, were considered invaluable by Louisiana and Mississippi officials.” 155. The private sector also played a huge and effective role during Katrina. Within the first four months after Katrina, private donations had topped $3 billion. 156 The Red Cross, which swelled to Help with, a 220,000-person operation, had 239 shelters ready to house 40,000 evacuees on the day Katrina made landfall.

In subsequent days, the shelters expanded to a peak of 146,000 evacuees and the organization served 52 million meals and snacks to hurricane survivors. Help Writing A Personal Statement Law? 157 The Salvation Army housed a peak of 30,000 evacuees in 225 shelters. During Katrina and other disasters, for-profit businesses have also been very important. Help With Textbook? Insurance companies send teams to affected areas that accelerate pay-outs to covered homeowners and offer quick loans to help people cover costs while their claims are being processed. 158 Electric utilities rush extra crews to disaster areas. They usually have standing agreements with nearby utilities for mutual aid. Utility companies have a strong financial incentive to return power rapidly, and that incentive works in Dumpster their customers’ favor. Walmart’s rapid, organized, and with physics please textbook, proactive response bringing life-saving supplies into writing cheap damaged areas after Katrina was remarkable and widely lauded. Walmart had a war room in place days ahead of Katrina’s landfall and supplies stationed and ready for the storm’s immediate aftermath.

Electric utility Southern Company was also well-prepared for Katrina based on its detailed disaster plans and Help physics homework please textbook, a large-scale prepositioning of people and assets. 159. Walmart employees distinguished themselves with independent decisionmaking based on local information. Employees on the front lines knew that their on-the-spot decisions would be backed by higher management. 160 The Washington Post reported that within days, Walmart delivered “an unrivaled $20 million in cash donations, 1,500 truckloads of free merchandise, food for 100,000 meals and the promise of a job for every one of its displaced workers.” 161.

Economist Steven Horowitz studied the reviews, performance of FEMA, the Coast Guard, and Walmart during Katrina. 162 He concluded that a government bureaucracy in Washington, such as FEMA, cannot operate effectively in physics response to Dumpster, local disasters. It does not have the right incentives, is Help with homework too risk-averse, and tends not to learn lessons. The bipartisan House report on Help writing school, Katrina noted that the “government failed because it did not learn from past experiences” and because of the “risk-averse culture that pervades big government.” 163. Home Depot also earned wide respect for its rapid and with please, efficient relief efforts during Katrina. Diving? Such companies acted with charity, providing many supplies free to Help physics please textbook, needy people in the affected region.

Horowitz notes that businesses also have strong incentives to aid the Mba assignment, public when disasters strike because in the long run they gain respect and loyal customers in the communities that they serve. When Hurricane Sandy hit the Help with physics homework, East Coast in 2012, it was once again institutions other than FEMA that put in the best performance. The Coast Guard and the National Guard performed admirably, with the latter performing a wide variety of Dumpster diving, relief and Help with, civil order functions. Smu? 164 The Red Cross had hundreds of shelters ready for thousands of people on the day Sandy hit, and the Salvation Army supplied a huge amount of Help with physics homework textbook, meals to victims in the days after the storm. 165 The United Way, faith-based groups, and corporations also made large efforts in a book review robinson crusoe subsequent months during rebuilding. FEMA appeared to do a better job responding to physics homework, Hurricane Sandy than Katrina. Former mayor Rudy Giuliani (R-NY) claimed that FEMA’s response to Sandy was “as bad as Katrina,” but that does not seem to be the Write robinson, case. 166 However, FEMA is still a troubled agency. A recent study by the Partnership for Public Service, for example, ranked it one the worst places to work in the federal government. 167. A September 2014 report by the Inspector General (IG) of DHS reviewed FEMA’s new logistics system—a system that Congress required FEMA to build after the many supply failures of physics, Katrina.

The new FEMA system is expected to cost $556 million, up from the original estimate of $325 million, and it is far behind schedule. 168 After DHS spending of $247 million on the system so far, the IG concluded that the Lined paper print, system “may not be effective during a catastrophic disaster” and “may not ever meet critical performance requirements.” 169 The IG said that it attributes the deficiencies to “inadequate program management and physics homework please, oversight.” 170. A June 2013 Associated Press poll of the Lined school zebra print, region affected by Sandy found that “families and communities—not the government—were the most helpful source of assistance and support.” 171 Only 19 percent of those who sought help from the government said that it was helpful, and almost 40 percent said that FEMA was of no help. 172. FEMA spends roughly $2.5 billion a year on a dozen grant programs that provide ongoing funding for state and local first responders. Nine of Help homework textbook, these programs are “preparedness” grants, which the DHS says “strengthen our nation’s ability to prevent, protect against, mitigate, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and paper cheap, other emergencies.” 173.

Most of the preparedness grants were either created or expanded after the September 11, 2001, attacks, and Help physics homework please, they have distributed almost $40 billion to state and local governments since then. 174 The grants are mainly for local governments to pay for such things as vehicles, equipment, planning, conferences, training, and public awareness campaigns. Here is a list of the preparedness grants with the 2014 spending amounts: 175. Urban Areas Security Initiative (UASI)—$587 million for urban preparedness against terrorism. State Homeland Security Program (SHSP)—$401 million for preparedness in urban and Dumpster diving, rural areas. Emergency Management Performance Grants (EMPG)—$350 million for all-hazards emergency management. Operation Stonegarden—$55 million to Help physics homework, enhance coordination between government agencies for border security. Tribal Homeland Security—$10 million to tribal governments for security enhancements. Paper Cheap? Nonprofit Security—$13 million to nonprofit groups for security enhancements. Port Security—$100 million for seaport security. Transit Security—$90 million for transit system security.

Intercity Passenger Rail—$10 million for Amtrak security. A fundamental problem with such grants is that federal funding of local activities is less efficient than local funding of local activities. In part, that is because federal politicians focus on maximizing spending in their states, not on program effectiveness. In a 2012 report on FEMA grants, Senator Tom Coburn of Oklahoma said that Congress is preoccupied with the amount of Help with physics textbook, money spent, not “how the Astronomy homework level, money is Help with physics homework please textbook spent, or whether it is Write review for me crusoe needed in the first place.” 176. The expansion of the UASI program illustrates the with physics please, importance of Mba assignment smu, politics.

UASI originally provided funds to the 7 U.S. cities with the highest terrorism risks. But cities that did not receive funds—and their members of Congress—immediately started lobbying for inclusion, and over time Congress added more cities. 177 In due course, Congress expanded the program to 64 cities, although it has recently been cut back to please textbook, 37. 178. The political pressure to spread spending widely is also evident with SHSP funding. D? It is distributed by a formula that takes disaster risks into account, but that is undermined because a minimum amount must be spent on every state. 179 Wyoming, for example, has just one-fifth of one percent of the Help with physics homework please textbook, U.S. population and a low risk of terrorism, but it receives almost 1 percent of SHSP funding.

180 Similarly, for the EMPG program, spending does not depend on Help writing a personal statement, terrorism risk, and small states receive a disproportionate share. Looking at with homework please textbook the big picture, there are two types of FEMA grant, but neither makes sense. Coburn’s report says that some grants “subsidize expenditures that would otherwise have been made by diving essay state and local governments.” 181 His report finds that FEMA aid often pays for such things as office supplies, camera systems, athletic equipment for Help with homework please fire and police departments, and wages for local first responders. Funding such items federally rather than locally just creates unneeded paperwork. Alternately, federal aid can induce local governments to purchase low-value items that they would not otherwise purchase. Dumpster Essay? FEMA money is “free” to local governments, so they tend to squander it.

Coburn’s report provides examples of cities using preparedness grants to buy hovercrafts, underwater robots, and other fancy equipment that is little used. Knox County, Ohio—population 54,000—spent a $100,000 FEMA grant on a hazardous materials truck. The truck sat unused, and a local official admitted that it had been “a total waste of taxpayer dollars from the federal government on down.” 182. FEMA’s aid has raised civil liberties concerns. Numerous cities have purchased license plate reader systems and video surveillance systems with FEMA grants, for example. 183 And many cities have used FEMA grants to purchase military-style equipment for their police forces, such as militarized vehicles, aerial drones, and sound cannons. 184.

The Wall Street Journal noted that “six-figure grants from the with physics homework please, Department of smu, Homeland Security have been funding BearCats and other heavily fortified vehicles in towns and cities nationwide.” 185 A BearCat is an armored personnel carrier. Concord, New Hampshire, received a $258,000 FEMA grant to buy a BearCat, and other small cities, such as Fargo, North Dakota, have received similar grants. 186 It makes no sense for with homework the federal government to Lined school print, pay for such controversial items. If the leaders of a town think that they face a major threat and need new security equipment, they should make the Help with homework textbook, case to their own taxpayers for the funding. Aside from the grants listed above, FEMA also provides firefighter assistance grants of a book review robinson crusoe, about $600 million a year.

187 These grants aid local fire departments in Help physics textbook paying salaries and buying trucks, protective gear, and other items. Having well-funded fire departments is a book crusoe important, but local governments have traditionally paid these costs without federal aid. Indeed, firefighting is the archetypal local service that traces back to at least the Help physics please, Union Fire Company organized by Benjamin Franklin in Philadelphia in 1736. 188 Cities and towns have long been proud of answers level d, their local firefighters, who are either paid employees or volunteers. It is a service that citizens everywhere demand from their local governments, and they are supportive of the Help with physics please textbook, local taxes needed to fund it.

So there is smu no reason for the federal government to intervene in this activity. Currently, local governments in America spend more than $42 billion annually on firefighting. 189 FEMA firefighting grants amount to just 1.5 percent of this total, so it is a small share. The problem is that along with federal grants come top-down regulations from Washington. Help? Few people would want federal politicians controlling their local fire departments, but that will be a growing problem if the money keeps flowing. A 2010 news article in San Antonio on a FEMA grant illustrates the problem:

The city was poised to answers level d, spend its own money to build two new fire stations and already had hired a contractor, Bartlett Cocke. Then the Help homework, Federal Emergency Management Agency awarded the Help, city $7.3 million from the stimulus program in September 2009 to pay for the stations and Help please textbook, speed up response times by firefighters to keep residents safe. But San Antonio hit a bureaucratic snag at FEMA that could delay the project by a year. Meeting the federally mandated environmental standards could increase the project’s cost by Dumpster essay $2.2 million. Help Physics Please? And the city decided to rebid the construction contract to make sure it met FEMA’s requirements, which meant Bartlett Cocke was out of a job. In San Antonio, Councilman Reed Williams, whose district includes the Help writing a personal law, site for fire station 51, complained at Thursday’s City Council meeting that the stations are getting more expensive. The council approved a motion to increase the design costs of both stations by nearly $200,000 so the structures will be certified under standards set by the U.S. Green Building Council. “This thing’s going to be a year late, and it’s going to cost us more money,” Williams said. Help With Homework Please? Williams asked how much more the stations were going to cost in the stimulus program, compared to the original costs when the city planned to build the stations without federal assistance. City staffers didn’t have an answer at the ready, but Walsh said in an interview that federal requirements could add an estimated $2.2 million to the price tag.

190. Federal aid programs not only impose costly regulations, they also consume state and local time on paperwork. You can see some of the firefighter paperwork at www.fema.gov/firegrants. Write A Book For Me? There are three different grants, each with different rules. Help With Physics Homework Textbook? Local officials must fill out federal grant paperwork explaining why they need the school zebra, money and how they will spend it. Recipients have to fill out regular financial reports, “Investment Justifications,” “Biannual Implementation Reports,” and other reports. The FEMA funding announcement for the firefighter grants is with physics please textbook 75 pages long, and a workshop presentation is writing statement 94 pages.

FEMA has a “Get Ready Guide,” a “Self Evaluation Sheet,” and a “Vehicle Acquisition Guide” for the firefighter grants. Even after all the with homework textbook, paperwork, there is no guarantee that a local government will receive funding. The key is to have a skilled representative on Mba assignment, your side. Please? Here is a 2013 press release from Rep. Patrick Maloney (D-NY)indicating how the process works: Earlier this year, Rep.

Maloney secured an investment for $2,400,000 to hire fifteen new firefighters through the Assistance to paper school print, Firefighters Grant Program— Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response (SAFER). Although their grant application was initially denied, Rep. Maloney worked closely with the Newburgh Fire Department and DHS personnel to ensure the Department received this SAFER award. 191. The SAFER grant pays for firefighter salaries for a fixed period of with textbook, time.

After the grant money runs out, the town of Newburgh will have to find another funding source to keep its 15 new firefighters. So the federal aid did not really solve any problem, it simply delayed the town from finding a stable long-term funding source. America would be better off without FEMA grants for Help writing a personal firefighters and other local emergency services. Ending FEMA aid would cut paperwork, regulations, and pork barrel politics. Decisionmaking about local emergency services would be more efficient if the services were funded locally.

Americans know that police and firefighter services are vital to their communities—and that is exactly why we do not need federal intervention. Congress created the Help physics homework please, National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) in 1968 to help property owners in flood-prone areas purchase government-backed insurance. The NFIP provides coverage against flooding from overflowing rivers and from storms on the seacoasts. Flooding is “the most frequent and costly natural hazard in the United States. More than 90 percent of all natural disasters in the nation involve flooding.” 192. The NFIP was supposed to save taxpayers money by alleviating the need for Congress to smu, pass emergency aid packages after floods. Taxpayers were also not supposed to homework textbook, be burdened by the program itself because insurance premiums were to Write review for me robinson, cover the Help please textbook, system’s costs.

Also, the NFIP included floodplain regulations that are imposed on communities adopting the program. These regulations were supposed to a book for me, mitigate the harm from floods. None of the promises panned out. Congress continues to pass large disaster aid bills after floods. The NFIP has become hugely indebted, and will probably need a taxpayer bailout as payouts have far exceeded premiums in Help homework recent years.

Most importantly, rather than reducing the nation’s flooding problems, the NFIP has likely made flood damage worse by encouraging more development in school law hazardous areas. Since 1970, the estimated number of Americans living in coastal areas designated as Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) by FEMA has increased from 10 million to more than 16 million. 193 Subsidized flood insurance has backfired by helping to physics homework, draw more people and development into Lined zebra flood zones. Flood insurance is available to homeowners and businesses in the roughly 20,000 jurisdictions across the nation that have decided to participate in the NFIP. 194 In return for the benefit of subsidized insurance, communities become subject to federal floodplain regulations. People who live in with textbook SFHAs and a personal for medical school law, have a federally backed mortgage are required to with physics, have flood insurance. However, compliance with this mandate is very low. Dumpster Diving? 195. There are currently 5.6 million flood insurance policies in place with a combined insured value of $1.2 trillion.

196 Policies are serviced by private insurance companies, but the Help homework please textbook, insurance risks fall on federal taxpayers. 197 Many insurance companies do not participate in the NFIP, apparently because of the paper service cheap, political instability that surrounds the system. 198. FEMA has trouble administering the NFIP. The GAO has had the NFIP on its “high-risk” list of troubled programs for years. One problem is that flood claims are handled by an outdated computer system, and FEMA has had major problems installing a new one called NextGen. The GAO reported in 2010 that “despite having invested roughly $40 million over Help physics please, 7 years, FEMA has yet to essay, implement NextGen … as a result, use of Help homework please textbook, NextGen was halted.” 199. FEMA collects about $3.5 billion in annual NFIP premiums. 200 When the premiums are insufficient to pay claims, FEMA borrows from the U.S. Treasury. In recent years, the program has accumulated more than $24 billion in debt because payouts have far exceeded premiums.

201 Today, the program is in financial crisis and taxpayers will likely bear the burden of its large debt. The NFIP’s financial shortcomings are typical of government-run businesses. Unlike private insurance, the NFIP charges artificially low rates, does not build capital surpluses, and Astronomy homework answers level, does not purchase reinsurance to cover catastrophic losses. 202 Furthermore, the NFIP cannot reject applicants in with please textbook order to manage the system’s risk, and it is legally constrained in its ability to raise rates. The GAO says that “by design, NFIP is not an actuarially sound program.” 203. About one-fifth of NFIP policyholders pay “subsidized rates,” while the other four-fifths pay “full-risk” rates. 204 But even the full-risk rates are below what market rates would be.

A 2011 insurance industry study found that overall NFIP premiums are only half the level needed to cover the system’s full costs, and property owners in high-risk areas pay just one-third of full market rates. 205 These artificially low rates subsidize people to live in high-risk flood areas. One problem is Mba assignment smu that “FEMA generally lacks information needed to establish full-risk rates.” 206 Rates are based on Help textbook, Flood Insurance Rate Maps, but FEMA’s maps have long been criticized as not being up to date. FEMA maps often do not reflect changes in the landscape caused by factors such as ongoing development and Mba assignment, erosion. 207. Another problem with the NFIP is that it undermines federalism. If a jurisdiction is in the NFIP, it must comply with FEMA-approved building standards, land-use controls, and other regulations. The NFIP runs essentially a top-down local planning system called the Community Rating System (CRS). Please Textbook? Under the Help a personal statement school, CRS, communities receive discounts on Help with homework textbook, flood insurance rates based on how many of 19 “creditable activities” or federal mandates they comply with.

208. The Congressional Research Service says that with the NFIP, the federal “government became a de facto regulator of certain economic activity in flood-prone areas.” 209 However, local governments have been hesitant to enforce the tougher zoning rules and building standards because they are eager to school print, receive the Help please textbook, higher tax revenues that stem from new development. Mba Assignment? The broader policy issue is that the with please textbook, NFIP undermines federalism by extending Washington’s regulatory power into what should be local decisionmaking. The most serious problem with NFIP is that it has encouraged development in hazardous areas. As Duke University coastal geologist Orrin Pilkey puts it, “we are subsidizing, even encouraging, very dangerous development.” 210 Federal flood insurance has incentivized individuals and developers to build in hazardous areas they would otherwise not build in. Local governments have an incentive to Dumpster essay, approve development in hazardous areas because they are eager to increase their property tax bases. As more of the U.S. With Textbook? population has moved to flood-prone areas, more lives and property are put in a book robinson crusoe harm’s way.

211 As development expands in Help with physics homework please textbook seacoast areas it shrinks wetlands. Wetlands provide habitats for wildlife and paper writing service cheap, form a defense against hurricanes along the seacoast. “The financial costs of the NFIP are considerable,” one study observed, “but they are likely dwarfed by the ecological damages that the program encourages.” 212 That is why cutting the NFIP is one policy area where environmentalists and pro-market economists see eye to eye. The NFIP creates “moral hazard,” which is when people take risks that they would not otherwise take because they do not bear the full costs of failure. Government subsidies reduce individual costs and Help with homework textbook, thus induce excessive risk-taking. The Congressional Research Service noted of the NFIP: “the assurance of federal assistance in the event or repeated disaster-related losses may create a ‘moral hazard’ by Lined paper school zebra print lowering the please textbook, incentives to take appropriate steps to mitigate loss.” 213. The moral hazard problem is clear when you consider the NFIP’s large payouts to property owners who have made multiple claims.

The NFIP cannot charge market rates, must accept all applicants, and is not allowed to cut off properties that suffer repeated damage. 214 Furthermore, unlike with private insurance, FEMA does not increase insurance rates after claims. Write Review Crusoe? Not surprisingly then, some property owners repeatedly rebuild in hazardous locations knowing that the government will bail them out after each flood. Repetitive loss properties account for physics homework please only about 1 percent of all policies, but are responsible for about one-third of all NFIP claims. 215.

USA Today reviewed FEMA records in Write a book robinson crusoe 2010 and found thousands of with homework please, homes that had collected multiple insurance payouts that added up to much more than what the properties were worth. One Mississippi home valued at Dumpster diving essay $69,900 has flooded 34 times since 1978, and the owner has received $663,000 in NFIP payments over the years. 216 Any private insurance company would cancel coverage on individuals like this who are taking high risks, but the NFIP does not. Fox News anchor John Stossel has discussed his personal experience with flood insurance. 217 He built a beach house in a risky location along the homework textbook, ocean on Long Island in answers 1980. His architect told him that the government would pay for a new one if a disaster struck, so he went ahead. Sure enough, the ocean destroyed his house, and Stossel received the government-funded bailout. As Stossel has noted, the NFIP is homework please textbook welfare for the well-to-do. A 2010 study looked at claims data over a 10-year period and concluded that “the benefits of the NFIP appear to Help writing a personal for medical, accrue largely to wealthy households concentrated in a few highly-exposed states.” 218 One reason is that many properties along U.S. seacoasts are vacation residences for well-heeled individuals. The NFIP is not the only federal program encouraging Americans to physics please, live in flood-prone areas.

Since the 19th century, the Write a book robinson, Army Corps of Engineers has built levees, flood walls, and other flood protection structures. Physics Homework? These projects are supposed to create an engineering solution to flooding. Paper Zebra? But, to homework please textbook, an extent, the Lined school print, huge investment in these projects has backfired because they have encouraged more Americans to live in flood-prone areas, believing that they are protected. The increase in perceived safety created by the Corps’ projects has also created a disincentive for individuals to buy flood insurance and thus undermined the development of a private flood insurance market. 219. Rutherford Platt observed that “structural flood control and shore protection projects often induce a false sense of security leading to new investment in the area thought to be protected by the project.” 220 The result is that areas ostensibly protected by physics please flood control projects “experienced greater losses when floods exceeded the design capacity of Help writing for medical school, dams, levees, and sea walls than would have occurred without the with physics please, projects.” 221. These days, there are many federal agencies involved variously in Astronomy answers level d subsidizing and regulating flood-prone areas, and the interventions often work at with homework textbook cross purposes. Writing? 222 The Army Corps of Help with physics please textbook, Engineers builds flood-control structures and subsidizes seacoast beach replenishment.

Those activities encourage more seaside development. A FEMA study after Hurricane Frederic in 1979 on the Gulf Coast found that “the federal government had originally encouraged development on such coastal barriers through flood insurance, sewer and water grants, beach nourishment, and paper school print, other development incentives.” 223. In the 1990s, Topsail Island, North Carolina, was repeatedly hit by hurricanes, and each time FEMA came in to rebuild infrastructure, which encouraged more development. 224 And then there is New Orleans, where for decades massive flood control infrastructure built by the Corps encouraged development in dangerous, low-lying areas around the city. That greatly magnified the damage caused by Hurricane Katrina in with homework please textbook 2005. In his book, Platt discusses the smu, tension between some government agencies subsidizing people to live in risky places and other agencies imposing regulations to prevent people living in those places. He looks at Help with physics please textbook Fire Island along the coast of Lined school print, Long Island, New York, which is with physics homework please vulnerable to hurricanes. Local activist groups “have each lobbied intensely to win government benefits for Fire Island while opposing any limits on the freedom of private owners to build or rebuild along the oceanfront.” 225. People want to diving essay, live on this dangerous island, but they also want subsidized beach nourishment projects, flood insurance, and disaster aid. Platt concludes that the current patchwork of regulations and subsidies from federal programs has “proved futile in achieving a safe and with physics, sensible balance of paper, human presence and nature.” 226 But part of the with, solution is College cheap straightforward: governments should repeal programs that subsidize development in Help with please textbook hazardous places.

People who choose to live in flood-prone areas should purchase insurance from private insurance carriers, which would charge premiums based on the actual risk. If companies will not offer flood coverage, that is Lined school print a market signal that it is not a safe place to live. It is not a “market failure” if private flood insurance is not available for homework dangerous locations, as some commentators have suggested. 227. Before the College paper reviews cheap, creation of the NFIP in 1968, little private flood insurance existed. There were marketplace reasons for that, but government interventions also created a hurdle for private flood insurance.

228 Today, however, numerous experts think that flood insurance could be privatized. For one thing, private insurers today have more sophisticated computer models than in the past, and much more is known about flood risks on a detailed basis throughout the nation. There is with textbook currently a very small but growing market for private flood insurance. 229. Federal and state governments can encourage the development of level, private flood insurance by getting out of the way. Help Homework Please? Cutting disaster aid would increase individual and business demand for insurance.

Eliminating federal and College writing reviews, state regulations that interfere with insurance pricing would increase the supply of insurance, as would reforming income taxes, which are biased against insurance companies holding capital to with homework please, cover large but infrequent losses. School? 230 GAO has discussed steps toward partial privatization of flood insurance. 231 And a report by Deloitte noted that “flood insurance theoretically presents a tremendous growth opportunity for private carriers,” but only if reforms are made to federal policies. 232. Congress enacted modest NFIP reforms in 2012, but then took steps backward in 2014. Under the 2012 Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act, FEMA was to gradually increase premiums to better reflect actual risk for Help with please more of NFIP’s policyholders. 233 Then in response to complaints about premium increases from constituents, Congress in paper writing reviews 2014 passed changes to cap premium increases and to reverse other reforms.

234. Congress should revisit this issue. The NFIP should be phased out as barriers to Help homework please textbook, private insurance are repealed. Help Writing A Personal School Law? Rep. Help Please Textbook? Jeb Hensarling (R-TX) calls the NFIP “ineffective, inefficient and indisputably costly to hardworking American taxpayers.” 235 He says that he is considering “legislation to transition to a private, innovative, competitive, sustainable flood insurance market. 236. Rep. Candice Miller (R-MI) has introduced legislation to end the NFIP.

237 She summarizes some of the reasons for Mba assignment repeal: It is Help physics textbook ridiculous that the federal government remains in the flood insurance business. With no end in sight for the NFIP in paper school racking up new debt, continuing subsidized rates for Help textbook those who live in flood prone areas, skyrocketing rates for many who live in areas that never flood and Help writing a personal for medical school, 40 years of history showing clearly that the federal government is a very bad insurance company; it is time to take decisive action to wind down the NFIP instead of offering up more bailouts… . Help Homework Please? I believe in the 10th Amendment and our nation must stop centralizing power in Washington on a wide variety of issues… . It is paper zebra time to stop looking to Washington for Help with physics one size fits all solutions and allow states to smu, provide real and affordable solutions to residents who require flood insurance protection. It is time to remove the federal government from the homework textbook, flood insurance business, end the unfair debt liability being placed upon all taxpayers by this unsound federal program, stop the practice of forcing unjustly high rates on homework level d, those living in Help with physics areas under little risk of flooding, stop the politically motivated subsidizing of Write review for me, people who live in highly flood prone areas and restore power to the states. 238. One of the rules that every doctor learns is “first, do no harm.” That rule should be applied to policymaking on natural disasters.

This essay focuses mainly on floods and hurricanes, which are the nation’s most costly and physics homework please textbook, prevalent natural disasters. The number of Americans living in risky locations on floodplains and seacoasts has grown in recent decades, and numerous federal policies have encouraged that trend. 239. Those policies should be repealed, starting with subsidized flood insurance. The NFIP has fallen deep into debt, and the program amounts to welfare for the well-to-do. Congress created the NFIP in 1968 partly in the belief that private sector could not provide flood coverage. Today, however, the Mba assignment, insurance industry is more sophisticated and in a better to position to physics textbook, provide private coverage. Congress should phase out the NFIP in combination with regulatory and tax reforms encouraging private participation in Mba assignment the flood insurance market. Congress should repeal Army Corps spending—such as beach replenishment and new flood control structures—that encourages development of Help with physics please, flood-prone areas.

240 Army Corps spending is smu supposed to protect communities, but as we have seen in New Orleans and elsewhere, the agency’s projects can encourage development in Help physics homework please textbook dangerous, low-lying areas. 241 The Corps’ infrastructure has also depleted coastal wetlands, which are a natural defense against Help writing school law hurricanes. “First, do no harm” also applies to growing federal intervention in disaster preparedness, response, and relief. That intervention will backfire if it reduces the efforts of state and local governments and the private sector. If federal efforts continue to expand, “the result will be the displacement of the very things that make the system work most of the time—state, local, and private sector preparedness and initiative.” 242. Unfortunately, the federal urge to with homework please textbook, spend has triumphed in recent years.

Most of the huge $60 billion Sandy aid package passed in 2013, for Lined school example, was for long-term infrastructure projects, not for short-term emergency relief. 243 There is Help no reason why state and local governments could not issue bonds and build rainy day funds to finance disaster response and rebuilding. Indeed, an advantage in Mba assignment smu ending federal aid would be to create a strong incentive for physics homework please states to prepare in Lined school print advance for disasters, both by putting resources aside and by with homework textbook pursuing mitigation projects to reduce the harm of writing a personal statement, disasters. State and local governments and the private sector are in a much better position to handle most disaster response. Homework Please Textbook? Federal bureaucracies are typically poor at Dumpster trying to centrally manage large and complex problems. FEMA is with physics please textbook no exception: it is slow, risk averse, subservient to politics, and it does not have the local knowledge needed to effectively handle many disasters. First responders and their assets are mainly owned and managed locally, and Mba assignment smu, so a bottom-up structure makes sense. Help With Please? As noted, FEMA intervention can slow state and local relief and rebuilding after disasters because of all the extra paperwork required on paper school zebra print, each project. By reducing the federal role, we would reduce ambiguity in the system.

As we saw with Katrina, decisionmaking was hampered by the uncertainly over bureaucratic rules and responsibilities. Please Textbook? Our disaster relief system has become “too complex for its own good.” 244 The federal government has made it that way. When you read FEMA and DHS reports, it is print striking the huge number of goals, plans, strategies, frameworks, agencies, systems, directives, offices, and other structures that are supposed to come together during disasters. A better approach than such top-down planning would be to greatly cut the federal role and physics homework please textbook, let state, local, and private institutions perform their specialized functions and coordinate among themselves. The disaster response systems in Canada and Australia are more decentralized than ours. 245 The federal emergency management agencies in those countries do not have operational roles. They do provide disaster aid to lower governments, but the thresholds for aid are more objective than in the United States. Miskel argues that a similar more decentralized approach in the United States would “give a stronger incentive for states to Mba assignment, take emergency preparedness seriously because that helps reduce costs and to manage their disaster relief expenditures carefully.” 246. One encouraging U.S. development is the expansion of horizontal relationships between the states in disaster response.

All the please, state governments have joined the Help writing a personal statement school, Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC), which was created in 1996. 247 EMAC expedites the homework please, legal process of states aiding other states with manpower and resources during a disaster. During Hurricane Katrina, for example, Florida provided stockpiled commodities to Mississippi under EMAC procedures. Astronomy Answers D? 248. Over the past two decades, there has also been an Help please, expansion in mutual aid agreements between local governments to share police and Astronomy homework level d, fire assets during emergencies. 249 And, as discussed, private electric utilities across the country routinely aid each other with crews and equipment to Help physics textbook, speed repairs after storms. Such horizontal relationships make more sense than officials trying to vertically plan everything from Washington. Miskel argues, “the very last thing that the federal government should do is crowd initiative at nonfederal levels out of the system in the name of improving the federal response to catastrophic disasters.” 250. There are other ideas to Mba assignment smu, help improve state disaster response. One is to reform Good Samaritan laws to ensure that emergency workers do not stay away from disasters in Help with please other states for fear of civil liability.

251 Another is to diving essay, expand State Defense Forces (SDFs). Help With Physics? 252 Currently, 22 states have SDFs, which are voluntary, part-time militaries under state command. SDFs often consist of retired military service members and professionals such as doctors and engineers, who have disaster-relevant skills. During the Sandy recovery, SDFs from New York, Maryland, and other states played important roles. FEMA disaster aid to individuals and state and local governments should be eliminated. FEMA aid has often been wasteful, and the federal government has no unique skill in providing aid. Ending federal aid would have the positive effect of increasing the demand for private insurance and in stimulating greater state, local, and private disaster preparation. Also, removing FEMA intervention would prevent the damaging situation that occurred during Katrina of FEMA repeatedly blocking private aid efforts. Since the 19th century, private donations have poured into essay American cities hit by disasters.

In recent decades, charitable groups such as the Red Cross and Salvation Army have channeled donations to victims. Historically, businesses have also played a large role in homework textbook relief, such as after the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 and the Dayton Flood of 1913. More recently, the efforts of Dumpster essay, Walmart and other companies after hurricanes show that businesses are ready to use their logistical skills to aid communities when calamities strike. If private donations are not sufficient for with physics homework the largest of Write robinson, disasters, state governments using their own funds are likely to provide more efficient disaster aid than the Help physics homework please textbook, federal government. College? Besides, all federal aid ultimately comes from the taxpayers who live in the 50 states.

So it makes more sense for the states to raise their own funding and to plan ahead for the financial demands of future emergencies and disasters. In sum, FEMA funding for disaster aid to Help with homework please textbook, states and individuals should be ended and flood insurance privatized. Those activities represent more than 90 percent of Lined paper, FEMA’s current budget. Some of the Help with homework textbook, remaining activities include flood mapping, continuity of Astronomy d, operations, the public alert system, training programs, and technological and radiological hazards preparedness. Physics Homework? Those activities should be moved to other agencies, and FEMA closed down. Outside of FEMA, numerous federal agencies would continue to play crucial roles in disaster response. Those include the Mba assignment, Coast Guard, the active duty military, the agencies that prepare for textbook pandemics and other health threats, and Mba assignment, the agencies that handle such threats as terrorism, cyber attacks, and with please, biological and chemical agents. The problem with federal disaster activities is Help for medical a common one: the government tries to do too much, and it ends up doing little well. In government, less is nearly always more. The federal government should be tasked with only Help homework those roles for which it can provide added value not provided by state and local governments or the private sector. But FEMA’s large and growing budget consists mainly of Astronomy, counterproductive and inefficient aid programs that should be eliminated.

1 Budget of the U.S. Government, Fiscal Year 2015, Historical Tables (Washington: Government Printing Office, 2014), Table 4.1. Updated to the final 2014 figure. 2 Calculated from the with please textbook, Office of Management and Budget’s “Public Budget Database,” www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/Supplemental. 3 Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, P.L. 93-288. For a discussion, see Francis X. McCarthy, “FEMA’s Disaster Declaration Process: A Primer,” Congressional Research Service, May 18, 2011. 4 James F. Miskel, Disaster Response and Homeland Security (Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press, 2008), chap. 3.

5 Henry Hogue and Help for medical school, Keith Bea, “Federal Emergency Management and Homeland Security Organization: Historical Developments and Legislative Options,” Congressional Research Service, June 1, 2006, pp. 4–5. 6 Rutherford H. Platt, Disasters and Democracy (Washington: Island Press, 1999), p. 1. Platt is citing research by with homework please textbook Peter May. 8 Federal Emergency Management Agency, “Publication 1,” November 2010, p. Help For Medical School? 3, www.fema.gov/pdf/about/pub1.pdf. 9 Janet Sharp Hermann, “Disaster Relief Then and Now,” The Freeman , May 1, 2000. 11 Patrick S. Roberts, Disasters and the American State: How Politicians, Bureaucrats, and the Public Prepare for the Unexpected (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013), pp. 24–25. And see Judy G. Russell, “A Matter of Debate,”August 20, 2012, www.legalgeneologist.com. 12 Federal Emergency Management Agency, “Publication 1,” p. 3, www.fema.gov/pdf/about/pub1.pdf.

14 Emily C. Sharbek, “The Chicago Fire of 1871: A Bottom-Up Approach to Disaster Relief,” Public Choice 160 (2014): 155–80. 16 For a discussion, see Miskel, p. 49. 17 Jennifer K. Elsea and R. Chuck Mason, “The Use of Federal Troops for Disaster Assistance: Legal Issues,” Congressional Research Service, November 28, 2008. 18 Quoted in Robert Higgs, “Why Grover Cleveland Vetoed the Texas Seed Bill,” Independent Institute, July 1, 2003. 19 Christoph Strupp, “Dealing with Disaster: The San Francisco Earthquake of Help with please, 1906,” German Historical Institute, (Washington), March 22, 2006, p. 8. 20 Morgan O’Rourke, “The Big Shake Up: Revisiting the Great San Francisco Earthquake,” Risk Management , April 2006. 21 Douglas Coate, “Disaster and Help writing a personal law, Recovery: The Public and Private Sectors in the Aftermath of the 1906 Earthquake in San Francisco,” Working Paper, Rutgers University, July 2010. 23 Margaret Gurowitz, “The Origins of Our Disaster Relief: The San Francisco Earthquake of with, 1906,” Kilmer House, Johnson and Johnson, August 20, 2008. 24 O’Rourke. Generally, the policies covered fire, not earthquakes. 26 Dalit Baranoff, “Fire Insurance in Astronomy homework the United States,” EH.net, March 16, 2008.

27 The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco, “The Great 1906 Earthquake and Fire,” www.sfmuseum.org/1906/06.html. 33 Edward Epstein, “The Great Quake: 1906-2006,” San Francisco Chronicle , April 18, 2006. 35 The actions of Gen. Frederick Funston were controversial for numerous reasons. First, he acted without checking with his superiors in Washington. Second, he acted to send regular troops into the city for policing purposes. Third, his command of the city was very aggressive, and apparently led to the deaths of numerous people. 36 Christopher Klein, “The Superstorm That Flooded America 100 Years Ago,” www.history.com, March 25, 2013. 37 Trudy E. Bell, “Aid and with physics textbook, Ambivalence,” 2009, http://trudyebell.com/1913flood.php.

Bell is a former editor of Scientific American and her website is devoted to the 1913 disaster. 38 Trudy E. Bell, “Our National Calamity: The Great Easter 1913 Flood,” December 9, 2012, http://www.trudyebell.com/1913flood.php. 42 Trudy E. Bell, “Aid and Ambivalence.” 43 Miskel, pp. 8, 9, 41,and 45. 44 Chris Edwards, “Cutting the Army Corps of Engineers,” Cato Institute, March 2012, www.downsizinggovernment.org/usace. 45 Arthur E. Write A Book Review For Me Robinson Crusoe? Morgan, Dams and Other Disasters: A Century of the Army Corps of Engineers in Civil Works (Boston: Porter Sargent, 1971), p. Help Homework Please Textbook? 233.

46 Federal Emergency Management Agency, “Publication 1,” p. 5. 48 Jim Sam, “Herbert Hoover and the Great Mississippi Flood,” Behind the Scenes blog, Hoover Institution, May 19, 2011. 49 Platt, pp. 12–18. 51 Federal Emergency Management Agency, “Publication 1,” p. 6. 53 The law’s full title is the a book review, Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act of homework, 1988, P.L. 93-288.

See Bruce R. Lindsay and Justin Murray, “Disaster Relief Funding and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations,” Congressional Research Service, April 2011 , p. 4. And see Francis X. McCarthy and Jared T. Brown, “Congressional Primer on writing statement for medical, Responding to Major Disasters and Emergencies,” Congressional Research Service, May 2013. 54 Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act of with homework please textbook, 1988, P.L. 93-288. For a discussion, see McCarthy. 55 This figure is for 2004–2011. See Government Accountability Office (GAO), “Federal Disaster Assistance: Improved Criteria Needed to Assess a Jurisdiction’s Capability to Respond and Recover on Its Own,” GAO-12-838, September 2012.

56 Calculated from the Help writing a personal statement for medical, Office of Management and Budget’s “Public Budget Database,” www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/Supplemental. 57 These figures are for DRF spending 2004–2011. With Physics Homework Please Textbook? See GAO, “Federal Disaster Assistance: Improved Criteria Needed to paper writing service, Assess a Jurisdiction’s Capability to Respond and Recover on Its Own,” GAO-12-838, September 2012, p. 19. 58 GAO, “Federal Disaster Assistance,”: Improved Criteria Needed to Assess a Jurisdiction’s Capability to Help with physics please textbook, Respond and Recover on Its Own,” GAO-12-838, September 2012, p. 34. 61 Matt Mayer, “New York Times: A Big Storm Requires a Big Government,” Heritage Foundation, October 30, 2012. 62 Matt Mayer, “States: Stop Subsidizing FEMA Waste and Astronomy homework answers level d, Manage Your Own Local Disasters,” Heritage Foundation, September 29, 2009, p. 7. 63 President George W. Bush, “The Department of Help with physics homework, Homeland Security,” June 2002, www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/book.pdf, pp. 1, 7, 16. 64 Budget of the U.S.

Government, Fiscal Year 2014, Historical Tables (Washington: Government Printing Office, 2013), Table 4.1. 65 Jerry Markon, “DHS Headquarters Funding in smu Jeopardy,” Washington Post , July 4, 2014. 66 Chris Edwards, “Cutting the Army Corps of with physics textbook, Engineers.” And see Thomas Birkland and smu, Sarah Waterman, “Is Federalism the Reason for Policy Failure in Hurricane Katrina?” Publius: The Journal of Federalism 38, no. 4 (2008): 692–714. 67 Daniel Hoople, “The Budgetary Impact of the Federal Government’s Response to homework, Disasters,” Congressional Budget Office, September 23, 2013. 68 FEMA’s Sandy response is Help a personal statement school law discussed in Steven P. Bucci, et al., “After Hurricane Sandy: Time to Learn and Implement the Lessons in Help with physics homework please textbook Preparedness, Response, and homework level, Resilience,” Heritage Foundation, October 24, 2013. 69 Ibid., p. 10.

About $10 billion of the spending was for the NFIP. 70 James W. Fossett, “Let’s Stop Improvising Disaster Recovery,” Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Help with homework textbook, Government, July 2013. 71 McCarthy and Brown, p. 5. 72 Bureau of the Census, Government Employment and Payroll, www.census.gov/govs/apes. 73 Quoted in writing reviews Bucci, et al., p. 6. 75 House of Representatives, Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Katrina, “A Failure of Help with please, Initiative,” February 15, 2006, p. 13.

78 FEMA keeps a count at www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year. I am including “major disasters,” “emergencies,” and Write a book review for me robinson, “fire management assistance declarations.” 79 Thomas A. Garrett and Russell S. Textbook? Sobel, “The Political Economy of FEMA Disaster Payments,” Economic Inquiry 41, no. 3 (July 2003): 496–509. See also Russell S. Sobel and Peter T. Leeson, “Flirting with Disaster: The Inherent Problems with FEMA,” Cato Institute Policy Analysis no. 573, July 19, 2006, pp.

8–9. And see Gene Healy, “Obama’s Disaster-Prone Presidency,” Washington Examiner , July 2, 2012. 80 GAO, “Federal Disaster Assistance: Improved Criteria Needed to Assess a Jurisdiction’s Capability to Respond and Recover on Its Own,” p. 22. 83 GAO, “Federal Disaster Assistance: Improved Criteria Needed to Assess a Jurisdiction’s Capability to Respond and Recover on Its Own,” p. 49. 84 Matt Mayer, “States,” p. 9. 85 James W. Fossett, “A Tale of Two Hurricanes: What Does Katrina Tell Us About Sandy?” Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government, January 2013. 86 James W. Fossett, “Let’s Stop Improvising Disaster Recovery.” . 87 GAO, “Federal Disaster Assistance: Improved Criteria Needed to Assess a Jurisdiction’s Capability to Astronomy homework level d, Respond and Recover on Its Own,” pp. 16, 20. 89 Bucci, et al., p. 3. 90 Matt Mayer, “States,” p. 7.

91 These issues are discussed in McCarthy. 92 Quoted in Miskel, p. 127. 93 Quoted in please Platt, p. Paper Cheap? 58. 94 Quoted in Platt, p. 89. 96 Jeb Bush, “Think Locally on Relief,” op-ed, Washington Post , September 30, 2005.

97 Quoted in House of Representatives, , p. 322. 98 Matt Mayer, “Five Lessons from Hurricane Sandy,” November 29, 2012, p. 1. 99 Quoted in ibid., p. 1. 101 Miskel, p. 15. 102 Brad Plumer, “Is Sandy the Help homework textbook, Second-Most Destructive U.S. Hurricane Ever,” Washington Post , November 5, 2012. 104 GAO, “Disaster Management: Improving the Nation’s Response to Catastrophic Disasters,” GAO/RCED-93-186, July 1993, p. 3.

105 Miskel, p. 81. 107 This was a report by the National Academy of Public Administration, which is discussed in Miskel, p. 87. 108 Quoted in Miskel, p. 85. 109 Miskel, pp. 41, 83–85. 112 House of Representatives, p. 1. 114 Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs, “Hurricane Katrina: A Nation Still Unprepared,” March 1, 2006, chap. 14. 115 Miskel, p. 15.

116 House of Representatives, pp. 1, 11. 120 Miskel, p. 136. 123 Scott Shane, “Stumbling Storm-Aid Effort Put Tons of a book review for me, Ice on Trips to Nowhere,” New York Times , October 2, 2005. 124 John Cochran, “85M Pounds of Ice Growing Down the with homework, Drain, abcnews.com, July 15, 2007. And see Rep.

Bennie G. Thompson and Democratic Staff of the House Committee on Homeland Security, “One Year Later: Katrina’s Waste,” August 28, 2006, p. 14. 125 Abbie Boudreau and Scott Zamost, “FEMA Gives Away $85 Million of diving essay, Supplies for Katrina Victims,” CNN.com, June 12, 2008. 126 Rep. Homework Please Textbook? Bennie G. Thompson and Write review for me robinson, Democratic Staff of the House Committee on Homeland Security, p. 3. 127 House of Representatives, pp.

300–302. 128 House of Representatives, p. 299. 129 GAO, “Hurricanes Katrina and Rita Disaster Relief,” GAO-06-844T, June 114, 2006. And see Brad Heath, “Katrina Fraud Swamps System,” USA Today , July 6, 2007. 130 Associated Press, “Abuse Could Push Katrina Costs to $2 Billion,” December 25, 2006. 131 Frank Bass and Eileen Sullivan, “Scammers Scooped Up $500M in Katrina Aid,” Associated Press, December 4, 2007. 132 Eric Lipton, “Breathtaking Waste and Fraud in Hurricane Aid,” New York Times , June 27, 2006. 133 House of physics homework textbook, Representatives, p. College Writing? 286. 136 Sobel and Leeson. 137 House Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina, Rep.

Jefferson questioning of Michael Brown, September 27, 2005. 138 Ann Rodgers, “Homeland Security Won’t Let Red Cross Deliver Food,” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette , September 3, 2005. 139 Scott Shane, “After Failures, Government Officials Play Blame Game,” New York Times , September 5, 2005. 140 Elizabeth Williamson, “Offers of Aid Immediate, but U.S. Approval Delayed for Days,” Washington Post , September 7, 2005. 141 Scott Shane, “After Failures, Government Officials Play Blame Game.” 142 Miskel, Disaster Response and Homeland Security (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2008), p. 6.

144 Associated Press, “Agency ‘Beyond Repair’ and Must Be Replaced, Republican Chairwomen Says,” April 27, 2006. 145 Platt, p. 277. 146 Platt, p. 277. 147 Chris Edwards, “Department of Homeland Bureaucracy,” Cato Institute, June 12, 2014. 148 Miskel, p. With Homework Please? 83. 150 Gregory J. Smu? Sanial, “The Response to Hurricane Katrina: A Study of the Coast Guard’s Culture, Organizational Design and with, Leadership in Crisis,” masters degree thesis, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of school zebra, Technology, June 2007. 151 Steven Horwitz, “Making Hurricane Response More Effective,” Mercatus Center, George Mason University, March 2008.

152 Sanial, p. 26. 154 Ibid., pp. 71, 70. 155 Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs, p. 10. See also James F. Help With Homework Textbook? Miskel, Disaster Response and Homeland Security (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2008), pp. 40, 96, 97. 156 House of Representatives, p. 343. 157 Ibid., pp.

312, 344. 158 Miskel, p. 25. 159 House of for medical law, Representatives, p. 328. 161 Michael Barbaro and Justin Gillis, “Wal-Mart at the Forefront of Hurricane Relief,” Washington Post , September 6, 2005, p. D1. 163 House of Representatives, pp. xi, 2. 164 Bucci, et al., 166 Quoted in with physics homework ibid., p. 4. 167 Partnership for Public Service, “The Best Places to Work in Dumpster essay the Federal Government,” 2013, www.bestplacestowork.org. 168 Department of Homeland Security, Office of Inspector General, “FEMA’s Logistics Supply Chain Management System May Not Be Effective During a Catastrophic Disaster,” September 2014, p. 5.

171 Meghan Barr, “AP-NORC Poll: Friends, Kin Key to physics please textbook, Sandy Survival,” Associated Press, June 24, 2013. 173 Department of Homeland Security, “DHS Announces Grant Allocation for Fiscal 2013 Preparedness Grants,” press release, August 23, 2013. 175 Federal Emergency Management Agency, “Grant Programs Directorate Information Bulletin,” no. 393, March 10, 2014. And see Federal Emergency Management Agency, “Grant Programs Directorate Information Bulletin,” no.

394, March 18, 2014. 176 Office of Senator Tom Coburn, “Safety at Any Price: Assessing the Help a personal statement for medical school law, Impact of Homeland Security Spending in with textbook U.S. Cities,” December 2012, p. 5. 177 Ibid., pp. 14, 15, 19, 20, 21.

178 Department of Homeland Security, “Funding Opportunity Announcement: Homeland Security Grant Program,” DHS-14-GPD-067-000-01, 2014. 179 Matt A. Mayer, Homeland Security and Federalism: Protecting America from Outside the Beltway (Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Security International, 2009), p. 64. 180 Department of Homeland Security, “Funding Opportunity Announcement,” Appendix A. 181 Coburn, p. 23. 182 Melissa Raines, “Hazmat Trailer, Truck to Be Sold,” Mount Vernon News , Au­gust 26, 2008. 183 Coburn, p. 26. 184 The Department of Defense has also been giving excess military equipment to local police forces. See Matt Apuzzo, “Officer Friendly, In a Tank? War Gear Flows to Local Police,” New York Times , June 9, 2014. 185 Jennifer Levitz, “Towns Say No Tanks to Militarized Police,” Wall Street Journal , February 7, 2014. 186 Coburn, pp.

4, 36–41. 187 Budget of the a book for me crusoe, U.S. Physics? Government, FY2015, Appendix (Washington: Government Printing Office, 2014), p. 548. For general information, see www.fema.gov/assistance-firefighters-grant. 188 PBS.org, “ Citizen Ben : Firefighter,” 2002, www.pbs.org/benfranklin. 189 Bureau of the a book for me robinson, Census, State and Local Government Finances, Table 1, www.census.gov/govs/local.

The 2011 total is $42 billion. 190 Sandra Santos, “Red Tape Delays Some Stimulus Projects,” www.mysanantonio.com, June 29, 2010. 191 Office of Representative Sean Patrick Maloney, “Maloney Joins New Newburgh Firefighters at Live Burn,” press release, December 20, 2013. 192 FEMA, Congressional Budget Justification, FY2013, Flood Hazard Mapping and Risk Analysis, www.fema.gov/fiscal-year-2013-budget. 193 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, “NOAA’s State of the Help physics, Coast,” 2012, http://stateofthecoast.noaa.gov/pop100yr/welcome.html. 194 GAO, “Flood Insurance: More Information Needed on Subsidized Properties,” GAO-13-607, July 2013, p. 4. 195 Rawle O. King, “The National Flood Insurance Program: Status and Remaining Issues for Congress,” Congressional Research Service, February 6, 2013, p. 3. 197 GAO, “Flood Insurance: Opportunities Exist to Improve Oversight of the WYO Program,” GA0-09-455, August 2009, p. 1.

198 Annmarie Geddes Baribeau, “The National Flood Insurance Program Is Under Water: Can the Write for me, Private Sector Help?” Contingencies , July/August 2013, p. 30. 199 GAO, “National Flood Insurance Program: Continued Actions Needed to Address Financial and Operational Issues,” p. 12. 200 GAO, “National Flood Insurance Program: Continued Attention Needed to Address Challenges,” GAO-13-858T, September 18, 2013, p. 1. 202 For some of the differences between NFIP and private insurance, see Property Casualty Insurers Association of America, “True Market-Risk Rates for with physics textbook Flood Insurance,” June 2011. And see American Academy of Actuaries, “The National Flood Insurance Program: Past, Present, and Future?” July 2011. 203 GAO, “National Flood Insurance Program: Continued Actions Needed to Address Financial and Operational Issues,” p. 5. 205 Property Casualty Insurers Association of America, p. 4. 206 GAO, “National Flood Insurance Program: Continue Attention Needed to Address Challenges,” p. 9.

207 GAO, “National Flood Insurance Program: Continued Actions Needed to Address Financial and Operational Issues,” p. 7. 210 Quoted in The Week , “After Hurricane Sandy: Is Flood Insurance Bad for Taxpayers?” editorial, www.theweek.com, December 8, 2012. 211 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 212 J. Scott Holladay, “Flooding the Market,” Institute for Policy Integrity, New York University School of Law, April 2010, p. 3. 214 Property Casualty Insurers Association of America. 215 King, p. 20. And see GAO, “National Flood Insurance Program: Continued Actions Needed to Address Financial and Operational Issues,” p. 8. A Book Review For Me Robinson Crusoe? Repetitive loss properties are those with two or more claims payments of $1,000 or more over 10 years. 216 Thomas Frank, “Huge Losses Put the Federal Flood Insurance Plan in Help with physics textbook the Red,” USA Today , August 26, 2010. 217 John Stossel, “Taxpayers Get Soaked by Government’s Flood Insurance,” abcnews.com, September 20, 2009. 218 Holladay, p. 6.

219 Eli Lehrer, “Watery Marauders,” Competitive Enterprise Institute, August 2007, p. 8. 221 Ibid., p. xvii. 224 James Bovard, “Uncle Sam’s Flood Machine,” The Freeman , January 1, 2006. 225 Platt, pp. 194, 199. 227 Some commentators have suggested that the market failure of “adverse selection” is diving a barrier to private flood insurance.

But adverse selection is based on the idea that insurance buyers have hidden information not available to insurance companies. That is not the case with flood insurance because flood risks are public knowledge. 229 Andrew G. Simpson, “Private Flood Insurance Agency Now Selling in Help with 15 States,” www.insurancejournal.com, February 10, 2014. 230 Scott E. Harrington, “Rethinking Disaster Policy,” Cato Institute, Regulation 23, no 1. Astronomy Answers? And see Scott E. Harrington and Tom Miller, “Insurance Regulation and Government Insurance,” Cato Handbook for Congress, 108th Congress . 231 GAO, “Flood Insurance: Strategies for Increasing Private Sector Involvement,” GAO-14-127, January 22, 2014. 232 Deloitte Center for Financial Services, “The Potential for Flood Insurance Privatization in the U.S.,” 2014, p. 3. 233 For a discussion, see King. 234 Nedra Pickler, “President Obama Signs Flood Insurance Relief Bill,” www.insurancejournal.com, March 24, 2014. The 2014 law was the Homeowner Flood Insurance Affordability Act. 235 Mark A. Hofmann, “Congress to Consider Privatizing the NFIP,” www.businessinsurance.com, January 27, 2013. 237 Office of Rep.

Candice S. Miller, “Rep. Physics Textbook? Miller: Eliminate the National Flood Insurance Program,” press release, April 8, 2013. 239 For data on the seacoasts, see National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This is the population in Special Flood Hazard Areas. 240 I’ve argued that most of the functions of the Corps should be privatized. Write A Book Review For Me Robinson? See Chris Edwards, “Cutting the Army Corps of Engineers.”

241 Ibid. And see Michael Grunwald, “The Threatening Storm,” Time , August 2, 2007, and Help physics, Michael Grunwald, “Setting the Stage for More Katrinas,” Time , August 2, 2007.

Jan 27, 2018 Help with physics homework please textbook, pay for essay and get the best paper you need -

Ligue 1, Paris-SG 3-1 Brest : Termine ( 37e journee ) match Temps Forts Notes Resultats et Classement Videos. En champion, le PSG s'impose logiquement face à Brest et peut faire la fête. Help! Le sourire est sur le visage des joueurs de la capitale, qui ont rendu hommage à Beckham, pour le dernier match de l'Anglais. Astronomy Answers Level! Ibrahimovic, lui, y est allé d'un nouveau doublé. Le ballon circule dans les pieds bretons dans ces dernières secondes de jeu. Help With Homework Please Textbook! Paris temporise tranquillement en attendant la fin du match. Temps additionnel : 3 minutes. Du coup, la rencontre est plutôt décousue depuis la sortie en jeu de Beckham.

Les Parisiens ne pensent plus vraiment au replacement défensif et Brest tente d'en profiter. Du coup, la réduction du score de Benschop est presque anecdotique tant tout le Parc était focalisé sur la sortie de l'ancien joueur de Manchester United. Le Parc des Princes scande ''David Beckham'' tandis que l'Anglais profite de cet hommage rendu en souriant malgré les larmes. En pleurs, David Beckham vit ses derniers instants de footballeur professionnel. Write Robinson! Félicité par tous ses coéquipiers, la légende anglaise quitte le terrain et cède sa place à Lavezzi. Help Please Textbook! La fin d'une carrière exceptionnelle. But de Benschop ! Idéalement lancé dans le dos de Tiéné côté droit, Benschop s'infiltre dans la surface parisienne et trompe Areola d'un tir décroisé aux 20 mètres ! Beckham est en pleurs.

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L'Anglais réalise un sublime centre enroulé du pied droit pour Gameiro, qui place une déviation un peu trop croisée de la tête au niveau du point de penalty. Ibrahimovic demande, comme à son habitude, très souvent le ballon. College Paper! Le Suédois a envie de franchir le cap des 30 buts en une saison. David Beckham, capitaine d'un soir du Paris-SG. Brest continue de vouloir aller de l'avant mais les Finistériens sont bien trop brouillons lorsqu'il s'agit de combiner dans la moitié de terrain adverse. Grougi prend sa chance d'une frappe lointaine aux 35 mètres, plein axe. With Homework Please Textbook! Le tir du Brestois est puissant mais passe complètement au-dessus du cadre. Le Parc scande le nom d'''Ancelotti''. A Personal For Medical School Law! Le public parisien semble clairement vouloir garder son entraîneur la saison prochaine.

Brest est l'équipe qui a subi le plus de défaites en Ligue 1 cette saison (23). Help With Physics Homework! Dans les 4 grands championnats européens L1, seul Pescara en a subi davantage (27). Entré en jeu, Areola va donc lui aussi pouvoir goûter au titre de champion de France. Sirigu est remplacé par Areola pour le PSG. Paper Zebra! Le tout premier match du jeune espoir parisien en Ligue 1 ! Chantôme est remplacé par Lucas ''Champion mon frère'' à la pause pour le PSG. C'est reparti entre le PSG et Brest. Paris fête comme il se doit son titre de champion en écrasant une équipe bretonne qui tente malgré tout de faire le jeu.

Ibrahimovic s'est offert un doublé et cristallise la suprématie francilienne. Il n'y aura pas de temps additionnel. Encore une fois, Chafni teste Sirigu d'une frappe puissante du pied droit aux 30 mètres, plein axe. With Homework Please! Le portier est vigilant et boxe le ballon en corner, des deux poings. Chafni réclame un penalty suite à une intervention de Tiéné sur le Brestois dans la surface parisienne. Paper Service Reviews Cheap! Monsieur Buquet laisse le jeu se poursuivre. Trouvé plein axe aux 30 mètres, Ibrahimovic contrôle le ballon de la poitrine avant de se l'amener en passant entre Makonda et Dieng. Homework! Le Suédois arme une frappe en force du pied droit qui manque le cadre pour quelques centimètres ! Brest reste sur 9 défaites de rang (2 buts marqués, 20 encaissés), soit la plus mauvaise série lors d'une saison de L1 depuis les 11 revers consécutifs de Grenoble en 2009/10. Le PSG fait le show pour son dernier match à domicile de la saison. Help For Medical Law! Ibrahimovic a marqué au passage son troisième coup franc direct en Ligue 1 cette année.

Depuis le coup d'envoi du match, Brest a déjà armé 7 tirs, contre seulement 4 pour le PSG. But d'Ibrahimovic ! Matuidi obtient un bon coup franc aux 25 mètres, côté gauche. Physics Homework Textbook! Ibrahimovic arme une frappe surpuissante du pied droit qui vient contourner le mur avant de se loger dans la lucarne droite de Thébaux, impuissant ! Quel but ! Le PSG a gardé 23 ''clean sheets'', c'est un record pour une équipe lors d'une saison de L1. Le break est fait pour le club de la capitale. Writing School! Sur sa frappe, Matuidi est chanceux, puisqu'il tire du tibia et que le dos de Makonda permet au ballon de lober Thébaux. But de Matuidi ! Sur un corner frappé côté gauche par Beckham, Matuidi est trouvé au niveau du point de penalty. With Physics Homework Please Textbook! Le Parisien arme une reprise de demi-volée ratée qui vient taper le dos de Makonda avant de lober Thébaux ! Le rythme du match a perdu de son intensité depuis de très longues minutes. Astronomy Homework Answers Level D! Les passes sont imprécises, de chaque côté du terrain. Titulaire face à Brest, Tiéné n'avait plus joué en Ligue 1 depuis 384 jours.

Paris ne parvient plus vraiment à être entreprenant depuis de longues minutes. Physics Homework Textbook! Le début de match du club francilien était bouillant, mais le jeu du PSG manque désormais de mordant. Sirigu ! Ba prend sa chance d'une frappe puissante des 25 mètres, plein axe. College Paper Writing Reviews! La trajectoire du ballon est déviée par le dos de Sakho et oblige l'Italien à une magnifique parade du bout du gant pour empêcher l'égalisation ! Le PSG de Carlo Ancelotti a gagné 34 matches et marqué 108 buts en L1 depuis l'arrivée du technicien italien en janvier 2012. Physics! Aucune équipe ne fait aussi bien.

D'ailleurs, la légende anglaise est particulièrement entreprenante depuis le coup d'envoi. Dumpster Diving Essay! Beckham vient chercher et récupérer de très nombreux ballons dans l'entrejeu. Beckham veut se faire plaisir sur un coup franc direct aux 30 mètres, excentre côté gauche. Physics Please! Le ballon retombe derrière le but de Thébaux. Ibrahimovic n'est plus qu'à deux buts pour égaler le record de ''JPP'' de 30 buts inscrits en une saison en Ligue 1. Du côté de Brest, c'est Ba qui a été préféré à Benschop à la pointe de l'attaque bretonne. Dumpster! Raspentino et Chafni l'épaulent sur les côtés. Le PSG n'est pas aussi pressant qu'en début de rencontre. Help With Physics Please! Le club de la capitale laisse Brest prendre le jeu à son compte depuis quelques minutes. Le PSG aura attendu 19 ans avant d'être de nouveau sacré champion de France.

Seuls le LOSC (57 ans de 1954 à 2011), les Girondins de Bordeaux (34 ans entre 1950 et 1984) et l'OM (23 ans de 1948 à 1971) ont attendu plus longtemps entre 2 titres. Pour l'instant, la rencontre est particulièrement agréable à suivre. College Paper! Malgré la rapide ouverture du score parisienne, les Bretons ne se découragent pas et tentent de repartir de l'avant. Le match aller entre Brest et le PSG a produit 41 tirs, aucune rencontre n'a été plus prolifique en L1 cette saison. Pastore oblige Thébaux à une parade en deux temps sur sa ligne de but suite à un tour aux 25 mètres, légèrement excentré côté gauche. Chafni remet ça, cette fois-ci des 25 mètres.

Le tir puissant de l'ancien Auxerrois oblige Sirigu à une parade décisive sur sa ligne de but, repoussant le ballon en corner du bout du gant ! Chafni hérite du ballon aux 30 mètres, plein axe. Help With Physics Please! Le Brestois prend sa chance d'une frappe croisée du gauche qui passe à côté de la cage de Sirigu, pas véritablement inquiété. Brest n'a gagné qu'un seul de ses 12 déplacements sur la pelouse du PSG en L1 (2-1, le 12 septembre 1981), subissant 5 nuls et 6 défaites. Le public du Parc des Princes fait déjà la fête dans les tribunes. Write A Book Robinson! Brest n'y est absolument pas et subit la domination francilienne. Sur son banc de touche, Corentin Martins savait qu'il allait voir sa formation souffrir.

Sans doute pas aussi rapidement. Gameiro hérite du ballon à l'entrée de la surface adverse, côté gauche, et dépose un caviar sur la tête d'Ibrahimovic qui double la mise. With Physics Homework Please Textbook! Seul souci, l'ancien Lorientais était en position de hors-jeu au départ du ballon. Sur une sublime ouverture de Beckham, Ibrahimovic est lancé dans le dos de la défense adverse. Paper Cheap! Le Suédois se précipite vers le ballon dans la surface mais Thébaux gagne son duel face à l'attaquant en venant repoussant le ballon au loin ! Sur leur première véritable occasion de but, les Parisiens sont donc parvenus à ouvrir le score ! Le 28e but de la saison pour ''Ibra''. But d'Ibrahimovic ! Sur son côté droit, Chantôme remet pour Ibrahimovic dans l'axe.

Le Suédois mystifie Dieng d'un coup de rein pour pénétrer dans la surface adverse et armer une frappe croisée dans le petit filet opposé de Thébaux ! Brest reste sur 15 matches sans victoire face au PSG dans l'élite (7 nuls, 8 défaites). Help Please! Le dernier succès du club breton face au PSG remonte au 26 janvier 1985 (3-1). Le PSG arbore donc son maillot domicile 2013/2014. Writing Service Reviews Cheap! Brest évolue avec son maillot extérieur rouge. Le Parc affiche complet pour le dernier match de la saison à domicile.

Il pleut sur Paris mais la pelouse est pour l'instant en excellent état. Monsieur Buquet siffle le coup d'envoi de la rencontre ! Pour le dernier match de David Beckham, Carlo Ancelotti a donné le brassard de capitaine à la légende anglaise. Pour fêter le titre, le PSG a notamment voulu en faire profiter ses anciennes gloires : Rai, Ginola, Weah, Guérin, Cobos ou encore Bravo ont été célébrés par les supporters du Parc. Durant l'échauffement, les Parisiens ont arboré un t-shirt en hommage à Nick Broad, préparateur physique du PSG décédé au début de l'année. En face, Brest est relégué.

Les Finistériens, auteurs d'une seconde partie de saison assez catastrophique, et minés par des soucis internes, n'ont jamais su relever la tête. Assuré d'être champion après sa victoire à Lyon dimanche dernier (1-0, but de Ménez), le club de la capitale peut terminer la saison en roue libre mais aura à coeur de faire plaisir à ses supporters pour son dernier match à domicile. Bienvenue au Parc des Princes pour ce match de la 37e journée de Ligue 1 opposant le PSG à Brest.