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mama tambien essay Y tu Mam Tambin (and Your Mother Too, 2002 ): An examination of race and class in Homework chat iphone, modern Mexico. Mateen O. Kemet 2 / 06. Mexico has a long and rich history that combines several cultures and assignment quick, nations from the indigenous Maya, Inca and Homework room, Aztec to the imperialistic Spanish, French and of course its contiguous northern neighbor, the United States. It is because of writing, this influx and combination of Homework chat, so many influences that Mexico has had an identity crisis throughout its national existence. [1] This crisis was addressed by some of the founding fathers after the revolution of 1910, most notably Jose Vasconsuelos whose question ї Que es lo Mexicanidad? “What is Mexicaness”? is now famous. Website! [2] Is Mexicanidad a colonial, expression of Old world Spain, or a valiant stand of a conquered, indigenous culture? This question has never been fully answered. Nevertheless, it has been raised again and again throughout Mexico’s history -- during the embryonic stages of the 1930’s, the tumultuous La Crisis of the 1960’s, continuing in the 70’s during the Eccheverria regime; and now in modern day it is being raised once more. Why can’t Mexico define itself, what inherent issues within this nation of 100 million people prevent it from realistically looking at itself in the mirror? The question of who is the Mexican, what does it mean to Homework help room be Mexican, and help, moreover who controls Mexico – not so much physically, but more culturally and psychologically – is at the forefront of iphone, consciousness that haunts this country everyday, especially as it moves out of the Third World and toward developed nation status. Mexico is in a quagmire and it can’t seem to pull itself out.

There are many reasons for on my assignment quick this and most are very similar to problems of help, other nations that are trying to move out of the Third World. First, there are the environmental concerns. Mexico is extremely polluted. Its Natural fresh water resources are scarce and polluted in help, the north, center and extreme southeast of the country. Many rural areas that rely on agricultural subsistence have undergone widespread erosion and Homework help iphone, desertification in recent years; in fact, Mexico has one of the Good website very highest rates of Homework help room, deforestation in the world – over custom, 1,500,000 hectares of Homework chat room iphone, temperate and tropical forest have been lost in the last 20 years. Moreover, the air quality is dangerous, especially in on my quick, Mexico City, as well as in many of the chat room urban centers along the U.S./Mexico border. Assignment! [3] There are also economic structural problems due to modernization. Its agricultural sector, which employs a quarter of the room iphone labor force, produces only eight percent of its GDP.

And in the last twenty years income distribution in Mexico has steadily decreased. The top 20 percent of Good essay writing website very, income earners in help, Mexico account for 55 percent of all income earned. Per capita income has risen to General $3,700 per Homework chat iphone, year, a significant increase from $2,000 in the late 1980's; yet, the number of Need help college, poor families has tripled since 1989, so that 40% of Mexico now lives in extreme poverty while another 20% lives in significant poverty. This poverty, is largely concentrated in chat, Mexico’s rural southern states, and has an indigenous and female profile. It remains the help trigonometry college primary cause of chat room iphone, migration to the United States and one of the worst destabilizing influences in Mexican society. Can Someone Write Me An Essay! [4] Thus we can surmise just as the new wave of the 1960’s rationalized: the Mexican Revolution was a failure -- wealth has not, then or now, been redistributed and help chat iphone, the poor are poorer today than they’ve ever been. How can Mexico compete in Dissertation, the new world and Homework chat iphone, overcome its poverty, or begin at and grammar you least to start its transformation?

I think the most serious and simple answer is to Homework help chat iphone deal with race. Mexico has to Hugh philadelphia resolve its racial identity. Harlem renaissance activist, Marcus Garvey once said, “a people without history is like a tree without root”. And while Mexico has plenty of history, it is clearly unrooted and cloaked in Homework iphone, confusion because we don’t know whose history is it? Is it European, Mestizo, Criollo, or Indian history?

Like it’s big brother to the north, race is Need help, a crucial yet unspoken theme within the fabric of Mexico. Homework Help Room! And while the nation proudly states we are one people, socio-politically it is bifurcated, and very colonial in structure, actually in the same fashion as the rest of Latin America (and all of the third world for that matter). The demographics show the Criollo – Creole, lighter skinned, European, phenotype continues to rule while the indigenous Indian continues to struggle against poverty and oppression. These small groups of Need college, white Europeans – the remaining Spanish colonists along with French Settlers from the Homework help iphone 1800’s represent 9% of the population. The Mestizos, (people of mixed indigenous and European heritage) make up the largest ethnicity at roughly 60%.

The second largest group is the Native Americans who represent 10% of the population “officially”. However, unofficially many believe the figure to be closer to 30%. Need Help Trigonometry College! The reason for chat iphone the discrepancy is the federal government 's policy of using spoken language rather than race as the Can someone write basis of classification. But in Mexico, as in the United States and other countries in the Americas , most Native Americans no longer speak their native tongues. In Mexico this is partly a result of the government's own policy of Hispanization of help, many of the Native American populations through cultural and linguistic assimilation. Therefore, most Mestizos are in and grammar, fact assimilated Native Americans, inflating the Mestizo population estimate from 60% to as high as 80%. The unfortunate endpoint for this process is the dwindling number of Native Americans as more are assimilated and help chat room, as the linguistic basis of classification remains the same. [5] Middle Easterners and Asians fill the remaining population at approximately 1 %. A racial analysis is not a panacea for complete examination as there are several layers to Dissertation this issue; Mexico’s problems aren’t completely wrapped neatly in Black and White; and of course there is the class issue. However I contend, class and race walk in the same shoes, step for room step.

There is a distinction but in this authors opinion, that distinction is not to the degree where class carries more weight than race. Custom! I find that even within same race, classism is the root of aspiration to achieve “other” status – and chat room, that other is most often associated with Whiteness. The racial hierarchy in Mexico is gallagher philadelphia, very much a reality and Homework help iphone, certainly linked to the psyche of the populace -- a sentiment echoed by psychologist Samuel Ramos, who explores the psychological effects of Need help, Mexico’s, in his words, “inferiority complex”. Homework Chat Room Iphone! [6] Basically, the White Supremacy Dynamic is in effect – that is the belief that the lighter, more European one is, physically or mentally, the Dissertation custom better. And from my vantage point, this phenomenon hits the heart of the county’s identity problem and therefore is an excellent source of national discussion. [7] What do these socio-economic realities have to help chat do with Mexican cinema?

Everything! Film is Art certainly, but film is also anthropological as oftentimes we look to cinema to see accurate reflections of society—past and present; however, throughout cinema history there are few instances that tackle, head on, national identity issues – very few films seeking to Can someone write me an good understand what a country, or a region, or a people are saying about itself . One film that embraces these questions for Mexico is Y Tu Mama Tambien (2002) . And while there have been several older films to examine race and class in Mexico, such as La Casta Divina ( The Divine Caste , 1976), Cascabel ( Rattlesnake , 1976), Llovizna (Drizzle, 1977), El Juicio de Martin Cortes ( The Trial of Martin Cortes , 1973), I think Y Tu Mam Tambin represents the issue best, at least within modern times, and does so cleverly, under the creative guise of Homework help chat room iphone, a genre film. The genre: part road comedy, part adolescent coming of age drama. This film by Alfonso Cuarn is a magnificent study of race and writing and grammar you, class in Mexico utilizing standard Mexican thematic conventions and archetypes such as the virgin/ Virgin/ Whore, the long suffering wife / mother, the city vs. country, and young love / adolescent sexuality. Cuarn accomplishes this exploration all the while creating a unique style that weaves the characters into national signifiers then unfolds the drama in a very structural manner while also simultaneously presenting a very clear political perspective on the country as whole. He achieves this Herculean feat by deftly articulating with his camera, the settings of each scene- both the physical, emotional (in essence illustrating a broader perspective in a much more personal technique, rather than simply following the chat iphone actions and emotions of the actors, or denoting the place, instead he allows us to gather information cumulatively within a scene, giving description visually and aurally, in essay writing, the way of a fiction novel). He also uses an audio technique that I’ve never experienced, at Homework help chat least not in quite the same fashion – heterodiegetic narration. [8]

This style of narration is not new, but under Cuarn’s direction it seems very fresh, perhaps because of the intent--to politicize and philadelphia, illuminate the background in addition to the standard usage of informing the audience to a character’s mindset. The Cohn brothers have used the technique with great success as well as French Filmmaker Jean-Pierre Jeunet with his quirky romance in Homework chat room iphone, Amelie (2001) . [9] Most filmmakers use narration homodiegetically as Spielberg did with A.I (2001) . Though, none of these examples of heterodiegetic narration have used the technique to politicize a film. Here is where Cuarn differentiates himself, not only does he use narration to inform us of character traits, and intent, but the characters, in their actions, clarified heterodiegetically, inform us on the political landscape and many times in gallagher philadelphia, doing so it allows us insight into an unseen conflict between what the iphone actors are doing and saying, versus the true meaning or motivation of the scene—oftentimes creating a sense of irony. Because the narration is General and grammar, used in this manner it makes Y tu Mama Tambien ’s structure very complex. Where on one hand it feels like a non-Hollywood film, exhibiting an outline with dual / parallel ideas as the central theme, multiple main characters, and explicit sexual situations; yet, on the other hand it is iphone, classically Hollywood exerting a solid, classical, three act, eight sequence, genre based script. The structure is set up in classic A / B story, but there is writing and grammar you, a Co-main theme that is chat iphone, more grand in scope than the individual storylines which allows the narrative to write essay break form. Homework Room Iphone! Within the “A” story is the drama of the road trip and the exploits of 3 characters as friends and lovers, and within the Help on my quick “B” story is the young woman’s, Luisa’s, life and background. Then there’s the iphone parallel, lets call it the “AA” story which concerns itself with the current socio-political stew that is Mexico and the critical examination of race and class with each character symbolic of a fraction of the country’s troubled history and psyche. It is in this sense Y tu Mama goes beyond the mainstream or the Art house, performing instead as a solid example of Teshome Gabriel’s Third Cinema whereby film speaks of the people and social conditions of the Third World through unique non-western technique and story. [10]

It begins provocatively with a sex scene between two teenagers, Tenoch and Ana. While they frolic playfully, we are introduced to an unseen narrator, who will visit us all throughout the film. It soon becomes clear that this astute, omniscient narrator is gallagher philadelphia, allowing us to see this story unfold. It’s as if he is telling the story visually then periodically interrupts to give a little more clarity. As Charles Ramirez Berg surmises, in his discussion of the Juan Oro’s Mexican classic, Cuando Los Hijos Se Van (1941 ) , which also uses a heterodiegetic platform, the chat room narration technique is effective because it reveals a self-consciousness that is rare in Need college, Mexican or Hollywood cinema. [11] We soon find out via the narrator that this is story of Tenoch and Julio. Tenoch is the son of the Secretary of State, Harvard Economist father and a spacey, bored, wealthy, housewife / Mother.

Julio’s pedigree is not quite as lofty. He is the son of a single mother who has worked for one firm as a secretary her whole adult life. They are best friends and inseparable brothers; yet immediately we see the differences and possible conflict- Tenoch is rich, white, Criollo, and help iphone, a part of the trigonometry ruling class and Julio is not rich, dark, Mestizo, and working class. Actually we will see that Julio is the only major character in the film that is lower, or working class. He is also is the darkest of all the characters, the exception being perhaps Chuy, a fisherman, and Homework chat room, Tenoch’s mother both though are only write, minor characters. Tenoch’s mother though, holds a tremendous trump card for the story. Initially, the boys are on Homework chat their way to the airport to see their girlfriends, Cecelia and Need help trigonometry, Ana, off to Europe for the summer (clearly an upper class experience for 18 yr old girls). At the airport our narrator sheds more light on the class division of the boys. Ana’s father a Criollo greets them and Homework help chat, then the narrator gives us the father’s background: a journalist, activists and now a politician for the opposition government. He doesn’t disapprove of Tenoch but nicknames him “preppie” an obvious dig at his affluence and privilege.

Cecelia’s pediatrician father, on the other hand clearly disapproves of Julio which is evident as Julio sits nervously on on my assignment the living room couch waiting with him for Homework chat room Cecelia to get ready to leave for the airport. This opening sequence is followed by typical teenage male hijinx (fart jokes), and banter (what types of girls are hottest? Etc.), then they drive by a dead man lying in General writing, the street. Traffic squeezes by as best it can, undeterred. Iphone! The narrator again fills in the details. …The traffic jam was caused by Marcelino Escutia a migrant bricklayer from Michoacon. Marcelino was hit by a speeding bus. He never used the pedestrian bridge because of its poor location would force him to walk two miles to his work site.

The Red Cross took his unidentified body to the city morgue. It took four days for the body to be claimed. [12] Who was he? A poor cog in the machine, one of the thousands of migrants from the countryside that flock to Mexico City every year looking for custom writing work and a better life. The fact that he is acknowledged by the narrator but not by Homework the characters is interesting to and grammar note. He is Homework chat iphone, invisible in a way that only poverty can cloak. Within a city population of 20 million people, the majority of which are extremely poor, it is not very difficult to Hugh disappear into the mass of struggle. Here is where we also see the director’s vision for the narrator and subsequently the story: to embody political consciousness and bring our attention to the world in which these young people live. Several more scenes ensue where we see the palatial home of Tenoch and his life style, replete with servants -- all of Homework chat room iphone, them are dark. In the following scene we arrive at the first crucial point of film, the point of attack - the point in the film where we are subconsciously shown the trigonometry main idea of the film. Help Room! [13] We meet Luisa Cortes, Tenoch’s cousin by marriage.

They have gathered for Dissertation writing a wedding of another relative. Luisa is a Spaniard from Madrid, a point not to be taken lightly as she is the lynchpin and object of Homework help room iphone, desire of the film, a critical political point that I will detail in the symbolism section of this essay. Also here the Need help trigonometry college plot is initialized – a group trip to a magical (and nonexistent) beach called Heaven’s Mouth. Additionally, at this wedding we find many dignitaries including the President of Mexico. Iphone! Shortly after the ceremony, the narrator informs us that the President had to leave for an important meeting. He had an write me an essay good urgent meeting with the leaders of his ruling party to appoint the candidates for the upcoming elections. The next day he would express his outrage about the Cerro Verde massacre, and Homework, deny that the State Governor was involved with the tragedy. After offering condolences to the victims’ relatives he would fly to Seattle to a conference on globalization. Since this occurs only a few minutes after the Luisa and the Beach trip invitation, I feel comfortable asserting that the presidential information is within the Good writing website fabric of the point of attack and as such states that Y Tu Mama’s main idea is also about the politics of Homework help, Mexico and its place in write me an essay, the globalized Economy. And perhaps illustrates the human costs of a Third World, but growing, partner in globalized capitalism. I arrive at this conclusion because of the visuals which accompany the voice over showing the huge celebration the behind the scenes.

We see the Homework chat maid staff, and drivers of the writing website various Limousines eating their meals outside, standing up even, not important enough to have a table or even an room iphone area set aside for them in the house--an obvious exploration of classism (they are darker skinned Mestizos). Additionally, the fact that there are still political massacres in this country dictate that Human Rights are not a given, moreover, the Dissertation President’s trip to Seattle for a conference of globalization indicates where the country’s focus lay-- as well as its hypocrisy. ACT II – ON THE ROAD—The Countryside. Once the second act begins they’re on the road. Julio and Tenoch are privy to a secret that Luisa is help chat room iphone, not, yet she isn’t a total victim here, she has secrets of her own that far outweigh theirs.

Their secret is simple, Heavens Mouth Beach doesn’t exist—at least they have never been and have only heard about it through their stoner friend Saba. You! It is sort of an urban myth. They’ve told this lie and now have to chat room keep it alive in order to cover their tracks. So they set off, but to where? In almost Twilight Zone fashion I would say: “off to Hugh philadelphia a journey of self-discovery”. Yet, the discovery is not only about themselves and their friendship, but also of the socio-political terrain and Homework chat room, iconography of modern Mexico. Hear is the triumph of the film. We are also to learn of the true relationship between the brothers Mexico -- Julio and Tenoch -- as well as some poignant universal life lessons through the tragedy and pain of Luisa.

Along the way to the beach, we’re continually filled with information about both Mexico on a macro level and each of the characters on a micro level. For example we find out that Luisa is Help, not an experienced woman, never really taking chances (classic virgin /whore archetype). She took care of her sick acerbic aunt, got a job as a dental technician - not her dream job by far (she always wanted to travel), and help chat room iphone, then married Tenoch’s cousin Jano (also fills the long suffering, joyless wife/ mother archetype). We don’t know her age but I will assume that she is in her early 30’s. She decided to take this chance with the help college boys because of Jano’s admission of infidelity. We assume that her isolated moments of deep sorrow that we are shown are the pain of infidelity, but there is so much more underneath her tears as we find out later in Homework help chat, the film.

She is a very sad woman. Trigonometry College! Director of Photography, Emmanuel Lubeski’s handheld camera informs us of her emotional state by spying on her through broken windowpanes or roaming through her immaculate apartment while she waits for the boys to pick her up for help room the trip. We are also privy to her audio as she calls Jano after stopping in me an, a small village. Instead of focusing on Luisa speaking into the phone, we are shown the Homework room iphone emptiness of the apartment as she leaves her message in voiceover on Hugh the answering machine. This is quite an effective technique, much more than showing the typical shot of her crying into the phone. In this scene we also see how much she loves Jano because although jilted, she is not scornful. Help Chat Iphone! She even lovingly gives him instructions – where he can find the phone bill, and that she put his shirts in the cleaners but he should go to a better drycleaner because they mess up his shirts.

She is a nurturer to the end. Luisa talks to write me an essay him as though nothing has happened but in reality she knows she will never see him again. While at this village she meets an old woman Doa Martinez who sells little trinkets, one of which catches Luisa’s eye, a stuffed mouse with the name Luisa written on the front. Several scenes later as the trio leaves the village we are given the back-story by Homework help chat iphone the narrator. …[the mouse] had belonged to [Doa Martinez’s] granddaughter, Luisa Obregon who had died of a heat stroke 15 years ago crossing the Help on my Arizona border with her parents, seeking a better life. And although we are feeling the emotional weight and pain of Luisa loss of love, the story of the younger Luisa immediately returns us to the bigger picture, the political economy picture--the poverty of Mexico and the human cost of its struggle out of the Homework help iphone Third World. Little Luisa Obregon could be a poster child for and grammar the conditions within Mexico. While we watch Luisa in the car, the iphone camera again roams to show mourners walking in a funeral procession during the voice over. Luisa thought that even after people die, they are still present. She wondered how long she would continue to live in the memory of others. But she preferred not to think about death . We then can see a connection between Luisa and gallagher, her issues around death.

She seems as though she is Homework chat room, surrounded by death, almost as if death is an actual character in the film, as in Marcel Camus’s Orfeo Negro (1959). Her first love died at good 17 in a motorcycle accident, her aunt who took care of her whom she in turn took care of chat, when the aunt fell ill, died, then later in the film she meets a little girl Lucero, who while playing in the water she asks to Need trigonometry try floating – “…like a corpse”, later she asks the boys, “do you ever wish you could live forever”? All this coupled with the fact that even her namesake died provides a haunting backdrop in between the comedy. Julio and Tenoch are the closest of friends. They hang out help chat room iphone, together, get high together, have their own humor and inside connectivity, their girlfriends are friends with one another, they masturbate together, play sports with and against each other, they are in a word: inseparable. Julio and Tenoch told Luisa many stories.

Each one reinforced their bond creating an inseparable identity. Hugh Gallagher! Their stories, although adorned by personal mythologies were true. But as truth is Homework iphone, always partial, some facts were omitted. It was never mentioned how Julio lit matches to hide the smell after he used Tenoch’s bathroom. Or that Tenoch used his foot to lift the toilet seat at Julio’s house. Again adding the element of class and race, neither Tenoch nor Julio feeling really comfortable in the others home when private. The road trip moves on comically while continually showing the Dissertation custom rural people of the country, illustrating life of the indigenous Indian who seems so far removed from the Homework help chat room iphone plan for the new globalized Mexico. It also shows the true country -- militaristic with blockades and checkpoints as well as the extreme poverty.

As for the drama, it reaches a critical point – the philadelphia midpoint of the script-- when Luisa in her sorrow, one day has sex with Tenoch. This act upsets the trio’s harmony as Julio watches from the doorway and becomes jealous. The jealousy comes to a boil when in Homework iphone, an attempt to write me an good strike back at Tenoch he tells him that he slept with Tenoch’s girlfriend Ana. The narrator tells us how Tenoch feels but within the narration is the iphone subtext is assignment quick, of the class status of Tenoch and Homework help, the political corruption his ruling class creates within Mexico. Tenoch had only essay very, felt this pain in his stomach when he was 11 when he saw his father’s photo on the front page of a newspaper. Homework Room Iphone! The article linked him to a scandal involving the General writing sale of contaminated food to the poor. Tenoch and his family moved to Vancouver for eight months. He never questioned why. The next day noticing that the boys are angry at each other, Luisa decides to rectify the situation by Homework iphone having sex with Julio in the car. Tenoch is now beset with jealousy, acting childlike and immature reveals that he too has crossed the line, sleeping with Julio’s girlfriend Ceci.

This blows up in a wild but comical exchange. However the most telling dialogue is where Tenoch after Julio spits at trigonometry him, calls him a peasant. Room Iphone! Equally interesting is the fact that Tenoch refuses to get on his knees to beg forgiveness as Julio had done previously for his transgression. This reeks of elitism. It is trivialized as just a character flaw within the context of the friendship, or perhaps immaturity, or maybe simply for Good website humor, but I think Cuarn is showing us much more here. Tenoch is privileged and Homework chat, deep down feels superior to Good writing darker working class, Julio. At the end of this ACT, the trio angry at each other accidentally find the beach.

There they meet a fourth generation fisherman, Chuy, who along his wife Mabel, and their two children agree to show them the neighboring beaches, one of them ironically is called Heaven’s Mouth. Chuy brings the Homework chat friends together again, breaks the tension with his carefree attitude and zest for life. Quick! He also serves as comic relief. But of course, within Cuarn’s technique that is not all the fisherman represents. Chuy gives us a glimpse into the Mexican “every man”, the help chat Mestizo or Indigenous man that is not of the city. He is the man that constructs Mexico in the same manner that the small town Midwesterner, not the website very New Yorker or Californian creates the pulse of Homework chat room, The US. In many ways so goes Chuy, so goes Mexico. At the end of the year Chuy and his family will have to leave their home to make way for the construction of an exclusive hotel to be built on the nature preserve of San Bernabe. They will relocate to the outskirts of gallagher, Santa Maria Colotepec.

Chuy will attempt to Homework help chat give boat tours but a collective of Acapulco boatmen supported by Can someone essay the local Tourism Board will block him. Two years later he’ll end up as a janitor at Homework help chat the hotel. Trigonometry College! He’ll never fish again. After they break camp at the beach, we see Luisa finally talking to Jano on the phone and begging him to understand. After that difficult conversation she joins the boys, who have now made up, drinking and dancing on help the beach. During this party the boys have a truth session divulging all their dirt – Julio admits to sleeping with Tenoch’s girlfriend Ana many more times and more vigorously than he’d previously admitted to, Tenoch follows suit with his truths about him and Can someone me an, Julio’s girlfriend Cecelia.

Finally, Julio in the spirit of the ultimate one-upmanship tops Tenoch telling him, “Y tu mama Tambien (and your mother too)”. After brief silence, in drunken stupor, they laugh it off and keep partying. The next scene moves to the beach bungalow were Julio, Tenoch, and help iphone, Luisa top off the night with sexual threesome. The twist is essay website, Julio and Tenoch, in the heat of the Homework chat moment, have sex with each other! Upon waking we can feel the tension: everything has changed. Julio announces that he has to return the car to his sister. Tenoch says he has to return as well. Luisa decides to stay at the beach and continue to revel in the beauty of the surrounding islands and coves. Help On My! Their connection has been severed- maybe forever. FINALE – BACK TO THE CITY. Once they return to Mexico City we flash forward 1 year to find out that the tension created on the beach has been maintained, Julio and Tenoch haven’t seen each other.

Everything had indeed changed -- their girlfriends returned from Europe and Homework help chat iphone, promptly broke up with them, both Tenoch and Julio found new loves and went to college, and on the political front, the PRI party had lost its first election in Need help college, 71 years. One day on a chance meeting in the street they agree to have coffee as it is too awkward to Homework help iphone put it off. There Tenoch tells Julio of Luisa’s fate, she is dead. She had cancer and died near Heaven’s Mouth about a month after they left each other. She was aware she was dying all along. The narrator finalizes her story: Luisa spent her last four days in the hospital in Santa Maria Colotepec. At her request Chuy and Mabel never mentioned her adventure with Julio and Tenoch [to Jano]. She gave Lucero the little stuffed mouse named Luisa.

Tenoch excused himself. Need Help Trigonometry! His girlfriend was waiting for him at chat room iphone he movies. Julio insisted on trigonometry paying the help iphone check. They will never meet again. Tenoch leaves crossing by Julio in the window of the diner as he walks away. What is the symbolism here? Throughout this essay I have illustrated Julio and Tenoch’s racial / class symbolism, and gallagher, one can add their symbolic male-ness or machismo which is evident in Homework help chat, their sexual fantasy’s and discussions. Trigonometry! This Machismo is referenced in the film during the road trip when they divulge to Luisa that they have named themselves the Charolastras - a sort of Space Cowboy (Cowboys who get high). The Cowboy is a staple of the Mexican cinematic landscape and is the very definition of chat iphone, machismo. [14] Given then homosexuality angle, this machismo is clearly violated and Need, creates an incongruence that is never overcome throughout the help room film.

Here homosexuality is Help assignment quick, not treated in the same fashion as in Jaime Humberto Hermosillo’s, Utopian tolerance comedy, Doa Herlinda y su hijo (Doa Herlinda and her son, 1984). All is not well and everyone does not accept the reality and live as one big, happy, new age family. In our case the characters, Julio and Tenoch are ashamed, so much so that they can never be friends again, the sexual act fracturing the brotherhood forever which means on a deeper level that Mexico continues to be fractured -- the Mestizo and Criollo brothers simply can’t find the middle ground. Director Cuarn symbolically had them “unite in the bedroom” as they should unite politically, yet because of their pride they cannot stay united thus dooming Mexico in room, its near future. Chuy’s representation continues the doom forecast for Help on my he is simply washed away -- obsolete. His way of Homework chat, life broken by corporate, capitalist Mexico, forcing him to become a cog in the machine (an uneducated worker, similar to the migrant who was run over by the bus in the beginning of the Help on my assignment film), who in order to chat feed his family (barely), takes on a janitor job in a hotel, working in an enclosed facility as opposed to Can someone me an good being in the fresh air and Homework help room, of the earth as a “free” fisherman and merchant. The recipe is one for disaster.

What is not shown but certainly readable within the narration is the mushroom factor. Chuy will not be able to make a living from janitor wages. He will have to get a second or a third job; and writing and grammar you, instead of his wife and babies accompanying him on his fishing or touring outings, keeping the family tightly woven, she will have to get a job (uneducated and unskilled), perhaps as a maid or something similar. Without the extended family support, the children grow up poor, largely unsupervised, and create the classic inner city youth culture that haunts every poverty-stricken inner city culture [15] . Thus, if Chuy is in fact, as I contend, the average “everyman” Mexican, then Cuarn is making a bold socio political statement – Mexico, en masse, will not succeed. Tenoch and Julio need no further explanation as to their symbolism, Luisa on the other fills three symbolic roles and needs much further scrutiny.

The first as the modern sexualized woman -- The virgin / Virgin / whore, a role she stereotypically has to pay for her by dying a horrible death, following a long line of heroines who left their traditional roles only to be brought back to earth in one way or another. [16] She also is the long-suffering, doting lifeless wife, who beyond contentment is help, most importantly, responsible. She in many ways is the writing mythical La Llorona the weeping woman; the only thing here missing is the children to complete the picture. [17] Lastly Luisa (a Spaniard) also represents Spain’s influence on, and relationship to, Mexico. In her death she is in essence emulating Spain’s current relationship to help iphone Mexico -- dead and nonexistent; however, it is still the mother country responsible for the country’s creation. In this instance, Luisa is Hugh, responsible for revealing to Julio and iphone, Tenoch that their destinies are intertwined, bringing them together in custom writing, the same fashion that Spain’s colonial conquest brought together the European and Indian which then gave rise to the Criollo and Mestizo. Her importance here goes even beyond the Virgin Guadalupe or the Indigenous queen La Malinche. Luisa is almost primordial. She is the one who shows the boys their true desire / salvation is room, with each other; she is the one who births their consciousness -- sexual, moral --and makes them contextualize their relationship. Help! Then she dies mythically as Spain has died as the Homework chat Mother country. There can be no Mexico without Julio and Tenoch, the darker and lighter brother, ruling class and the lower classes, combining.

Which is why I feel ultimately the sexual tension and website, ultimate homosexual union between them is an effective cinema technique providing not only Homework iphone, shock value and sensationalism, but also subtext. A reading that illustrates oneness to the extent that they both are necessary and symbiotic. They have shared the same mother, literally and figuratively, by birth or in Oedipus fashion, yet their real mother is Luisa whom ironically they share as well. I think Cuarn is saying here that Mexico can no longer look to Spain or the developed world in general, for direction. That Mexico must turn inwards on itself, morphing into a new Mexican from General writing and grammar you its many parts in order to move forward. Unfortunately, instead of unifying, Julio and Tenoch, shamed never see each other again. If they “never” see each other again what happens to modern Mexico? Can the race and class struggle ever be resolved, particularly under the auspices of the new globalization? It seems for director Alfonso Cuarn, the answer is help iphone, a very clear, disheartening, and General and grammar you, resounding, NO! [1] Charles Ramirez Berg, Cinema of Solitude , University of Homework room, Texas press, 1992 p.1-2.

[6] Charles Ramirez Berg, Cinema of Solitude , University of Texas press, 1992 p.3. [7] Francis Cress Welsing, The Isis Papers , Third World Press, 1991 p.1-3. [8] Gerard Genette , Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method , Cornell University Press, 1983 p.244-245. Narrators, according to the classifications given by Gerard Genette, can most simply be typed as heterodiegetic (parallel with what is commonly referred to as third-person narration, with the narrator absent from the story he tells) and Need trigonometry college, homodiegetic (parallel with first-person narration, with the narrator present as a character in the story he tells). [9] Fennessy, James, “I ain’t never supposed to Homework room iphone do this” – Race and Narration in writing website very, the films of the Coen Brothers. Homework Help Iphone! www.hichumanities.org/AHproceedings/James Fennessy.pdf. [10] Teshome H. Gabriel, Towards a Critical Theory of Third World Films , in Michael T. On My! Martin (Ed.) Cinemas of the Black Diaspora, Wayne State University Press, 1995, p 72-75.

[11] Charles Ramirez Berg, Cinema of Solitude, University of Texas press, 1992 p. Help Room Iphone! 19. [12] All narration taken directly from you viewing Y tu Mam Tambin . [13] Paul Gulino, Screenwriting: The Sequence Approach, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2004. [14] Pedro Infante made this role famous and usually the motif of the cowboy is somehow in reference to the beloved revolutionary period. The cowboy is … Charles Ramirez Berg, Cinema of Solitude , University of Texas press, 1992 p.98. [15] This population is represented by many Mexican films featuring Mexico City as its setting, but the most fascinating recent film that speaks to Homework iphone the youth culture is Amores Perros , (2001). [16] Berg covers the woman’s role in Mexican cinema quite effectively, devoting 2 chapters on Mexican female roles in the cinema.

He illustrates not only the stereotypes, but also the feminists struggle against such ideology. ibid, Chapter 4, p.55-71. [17] La Llorona is a legend that seems to be a combination of Aztec and European folklore. Basically, she is a wandering woman who walks at night, unceasingly, looking for assignment quick a lost or murdered child, or children. Sometimes avenging an Homework help room adulterous lover. It has several variations but the consistency is that she is very, very sad.

Ibid, p.78.

10 Tips for Writing the College Application Essay. No subject is more fraught with anxiety for the high school senior than the essay on the college application. Whether it is as bizarre as the University of Chicago's How do you feel about help chat room iphone, Wednesday?; University of Pennsylvania's You have just completed your 300-page autobiography. Please submit page 217.; or Tufts University's Are We Alone?—or whether it is a more mundane question about a formative experience you've had in your life, or about some controversial social or political issue, students tremble at the very thought of writing the essay and being judged on it. Get updates from U.S. News, including newsletters, rankings announcements, new features and Good website, special offers.

We wondered what tips could be offered to ease the pain. For advice, we turned to visiting blogger Jonathan Reider, director of college counseling at San Francisco University High School, who before that was the senior associate director of admissions (and humanities instructor) at Stanford University. He should know; he's been on both sides of the Homework, high school/college door. Here are his 10 best tips. 1. Be concise. Even though the Common Application main essay has only a suggested minimum of 250 words, and no upper limit, every admissions officer has a big stack to writing and grammar you, read every day; he or she expects to spend only Homework a couple of minutes on the essay. If you go over 700 words, you are straining their patience, which no one should want to do. 2. Be honest. Don't embellish your achievements, titles, and offices.

It's just fine to be the copy editor of the newspaper or the treasurer of the Can someone write me an essay, Green Club, instead of the president. Not everyone has to be the star at everything. Homework Help. You will feel better if you don't strain to Dissertation writing, inflate yourself. Help Chat Room. 3. Be an individual. On My Assignment. In writing the essay, ask yourself, How can I distinguish myself from those thousands of others applying to College X whom I don't know—and even the ones I do know?

It's not in your activities or interests. If you're going straight from high school to college, you're just a teenager, doing teenage things. Homework Help Chat Room. It is your mind and how it works that are distinctive. How do you think? Sure, that's hard to Dissertation writing, explain, but that's the help chat room, key to the whole exercise. 4. Be coherent. Need Help. Obviously, you don't want to babble, but I mean write about just one subject at Homework chat, a time.

Don't try to cover everything in an essay. Doing so can make you sound busy, but at the same time, scattered and superficial. The whole application is a series of snapshots of what you do. It is inevitably incomplete. The colleges expect this. Go along with them. 5. Be accurate. I don't mean just use spell check (that goes without saying). Attend to Help on my, the other mechanics of good writing, including conventional punctuation in the use of commas, semi-colons, etc. If you are writing about Dickens, don't say he wrote Wuthering Heights. If you write about Nietzsche, spell his name right.

6. Be vivid. Chat Room. A good essay is often compared to Hugh gallagher, a story: In many cases it's an anecdote of an important moment. Provide some details to help the reader see the setting. Use the names (or invent them) for the other people in the story, including your brother, teacher, or coach. This makes it all more human and humane.

It also shows the reader that you are thinking about Homework help, his or her appreciation of your writing, which is something you'll surely want to write, do. Homework Room. 7. Be likable. Colleges see themselves as communities, where people have to get along with others, in dorms, classes, etc. Good Website Very. Are you someone they would like to have dinner with, hang out with, have in a discussion section? Think, How can I communicate this without just standing up and saying it, which is corny. Subtlety is good. 8. Homework Help. Be cautious in your use of humor. You never know how someone you don't know is going to respond to Dissertation custom writing, you, especially if you offer something humorous. Homework Help Chat Iphone. Humor is philadelphia, always in chat the eye of the beholder.

Be funny only if you think you have to. Then think again. 9. Help Trigonometry. Be controversial (if you can). Help Iphone. So many kids write bland essays that don't take a stand on anything. It is fine to write about politics, religion, something serious, as long as you are balanced and thoughtful. Don't pretend you have the final truth.

And don't just get up on your soapbox and Help quick, spout off on a sensitive subject; instead, give reasons and chat iphone, arguments for your view and consider other perspectives (if appropriate). Colleges are places for the discussion of Good website, ideas, and admissions officers look for diversity of mind. 10. Be smart. Colleges are intellectual places, a fact they almost always keep a secret when they talk about their dorms, climbing walls, and how many sports you can play. It is helpful to show your intellectual vitality. What turns your mind on? This is not the Homework room, same thing as declaring an intended major; what matters is why that subject interests you. © Copyright 2010 Professors' Guide LLC.

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Critical Studies in Improvisation / Etudes critiques en improvisation. Edited by Jim Tuedio and Stan Spector. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2010. It is help iphone not at assignment all surprising that the Homework help, field of writing you improvisational studies has, for help iphone the most part, concentrated its attention on manifestations of improvisation in avant-garde contexts, given the still pervasive suspicion of the value of popular culture within the scholarly community. Although those who study popular music have made great strides in establishing its importance within academic circles, avant-garde art has an undeniable de facto legitimacy that popular varieties still lack. It is Need help college therefore a welcome opportunity for me to review this recently published collection of essays concerning a musical group that over 30 years and help chat, some 2300 performances likely performed for more people than any other in Good essay writing website very history. This is not the first edited volume to Homework help chat room focus on writing you, the Grateful Dead (see also Weiner, Dodd and Spaulding, Gimbel, Meriwether), but it is the first to specifically focus on the improvisational character of Homework help room their music and the broader “deadhead” culture that came to so thoroughly define them. For despite the assignment, critiques of the value of improvisation to, and indeed its actuality in, popular music (Frith, Adorno), its importance to the Grateful Dead (hereafter simply the Dead) would be difficult to overstate.

Although its ideals were not always lived up to in their practice, improvisation did define them in a myriad number of ways that the essays in Homework help chat this volume explore. Passion and Help on my quick, care for the music of the Dead and its attendant “deadhead” culture are clearly evident throughout The Grateful Dead in chat room iphone Concert ; producing this volume was obviously a labor of write love for those involved. Such feelings can certainly be very beneficial to researchers in help helping to motivate and inspire their work. Philadelphia? However, one of the perennial problems faced by scholars of popular culture is sufficiently disengaging from their emotional attachments in order to give a scholarly, as opposed to fan-based, account of their object of study. For the most part, the Homework help room, authors in Need help this collection accomplish this detachment. A notable exception, however, is David Malvinni who—in what is overall an interesting and help room iphone, provocative discussion of the ways in which the on my quick, Dead’s usage of the blues and musical technology can be understood as realizing a Heideggerian “saving power” of reconnection to the ekstasis of help iphone Being—lapses more than once into uninterrogated fan-speak. Perhaps the most egregious example is where, discussing the broader context of the appropriation of the blues by white musicians in the 1960s, both in the USA and the UK, he states: “The music produced in this blues revival was essential, authentic, and beautifully wrought” (74-75). Beautifully wrought some of it might well be, but how is one to General plausibly conceive of any variety of help chat iphone music as “essential”? (To whom? And how?) In addition, to invoke a particular music’s purported authenticity (as he does a number of other times), without qualification, is baffling given the voluminous amount of work that has appeared in gallagher recent decades critiquing the application of this concept to Homework help room iphone music (see, among others, Taruskin, Kivy, Peterson, and Moore). One wishes that Malvinni had avoided such hyperbole, because despite the many interesting points he does make, it puts his overall judgment into question and serves to Help on my quick reinforce prejudices against the study of Homework help chat room popular culture as lacking in seriousness and objectivity. In her essay “Examining Grateful Dead Improvisation as a Catalyst for Need trigonometry college Creating Sustained Communitas ,” Amanda Diederich-Hirsch uses Victor Turner’s description and analysis of the liminality of help chat ritual processes through the concept of communitas to explain what was (and continues to be today) one of the most fascinating aspects of the Dead: the passion, loyalty and communal involvement of their many “deadhead” fans.

Eschewing the essay writing website very, conventional essay form, Deiderich-Hirsch instead uses a loosely related series of short sections that explain the history, motivation, experience, dilemmas and Homework help room, conflicts of deadhead culture. There is much that is interesting and worthwhile in Diederich-Hirsch’s essay, but there are also some aspects of it I must question. First, the ostensible apolitical nature of the Good writing website, Dead and their music has often been remarked upon (most notably Brightman), and Diederich-Hirsch follows suit, writing that though they “seem to chat room personify counterculture ideals [. . .] they were staunchly committed to nonaction, and chose not to confront politics, injustice, or social values like other bands from the 1960s” (296). Help Trigonometry? Although it is true that the Dead were in general quite reticent about explicitly addressing politics, on more than one occasion they did indeed do so. The song “Throwing Stones,” for example, written in the early 1980s, addresses quite directly the specter of nuclear war; and “We Can’t Run” does the same for the long-term effects of environmental degradation. The Dead also performed many benefit concerts that often had quite explicit political goals. One could argue that these are the help iphone, exceptions that prove the rule, but they, at the very least, complicate the conventional blanket denial of the Dead’s political interventions and suggest a deeper questioning of what was understood as politics by them and writing very, their fans. Can we not understand the continuation and propagation of the counter-cultural ideals of the 1960s through the 1990s and beyond, that the help room, Dead facilitated (through their nearly constant touring) and the deadheads realized (though often imperfectly), as implicitly political? Therefore, rather than simply denying the role of politics within the Dead community, it would be more useful to think through how the Dead might have suggested a political understanding through their improvised musical practices, despite the generally apolitical character of their lyrics. Diederich-Hirsch also argues, following Turner, that Dead concerts “facilitated transformative experiences between participants by enabling them to essay very step outside of their structural roles” (297).

That is, rather than being defined by room, differences of class, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and so forth, within the communitas of the Dead concert experience, the assignment, individual experiences of attendees transgressed these normally stable categories. Diederich-Hirsch goes on to state, “that the population in the Grateful Dead’s following bore a strong resemblance to the rest of twentieth-century America’s population” (298). Much as I, as both a fan of the Dead and someone with liberal political views, would like this to be the case, however, such a description does not match my experience. Instead, what has often struck me in my experiences in this community is how unrepresentative it is of America’s actual demographics: overwhelmingly white and from generally middle and upper economic classes. Although Turner’s account of the socially transgressive possibilities attendant to the liminal-dimensions of communitas is of some use in explaining the, in some ways, quite remarkable difference, diversity, and flux of the identities that make up the Homework chat room, individuals at a Dead concert, it seems naively utopian to Hugh philadelphia think that structural social processes, and the identities that make them up, do not affect its constitution. Homework Iphone? Indeed, Pamela Hunt’s research indicates that there does seem to be a strong connection between ethnicity, class, and Dead fandom. So although Turner’s understanding of me an good communitas is explicitly at odds with the universalism of Pierre Bourdieu’s account of aesthetic distinction, Diederich-Hirsch’s essay would have greatly benefited by taking Bourdieu into consideration—even if only to argue for the limited application of his theory within liminal states. Jay Williams’ essay, “Bears and Homework room iphone, Flags: The Grateful Dead’s America and Bohemian Nationalism,” complements Diederich-Hirsch’s discussion by both contextualizing the Need college, Dead and Homework help iphone, their counter-cultural ideals within a history of bohemianism in California and by exploring the ways in which they negotiated their assertion of these ideals within late 20 th -century America. Williams brings together a fascinating mix of materials, references, and theories to write show that the Dead did indeed have a politics of a sort.

It is, however, precisely in the redefinition of the political that they and other bohemians before them operate and, therefore, why they are so often, ironically, either accused or celebrated as non-political. Jim Tuedio’s “‘Pouring its Light into Homework iphone, Ashes’: Exploring the custom, Multiplicity of Becoming in Grateful Dead Improvisation,” is a very interesting and provocative Deleuzian account of the Dead’s practices. Following Deleuze and Guattari’s discussion of rhythm and musical improvisation in A Thousand Plateaus , Tuedio deftly explores the many ways in which the Dead deterritorialized their audience through their purposeful embracing of chaos in the continual on-going re-creation of their music. Rather than live performances characterized by set lists that stayed more or less the same, made up of songs that as closely as possible reproduced their studio recorded versions, the Dead’s sets were “assemblages,” in the Deleuzian sense of agglomerations of Homework help chat highly heterogeneous elements (from the Need trigonometry, most simple folk/country songs to the furthest reaches of the 20 th century musical avant-garde), as their always improvised songs remained in a perpetual state of “becoming” (Deleuze and Homework help chat iphone, Guattari). Can Someone Write Essay Good? Given such an exploration of the Dead in Deleuzian terms, however, it is strange that in an introductory discussion of the help chat room, group’s practices Tuedio approvingly quotes a 1969 article on General, the Dead (by someone named Lydon) that, “Each time it is Jerry [Garcia their lead guitarist] who leads them [the group] out” on their improvisational journeys (134). Although Garcia was often the group’s musical leader, there were many instances in which it was quite clearly bassist Phil Lesh, rhythm guitarist Bob Weir, or their various keyboardists, who were leading the band. This was, in fact, one of the most interesting qualities of the group. Homework Room? Despite Garcia’s status as the philadelphia, group’s first-among-equals and help room iphone, leader in writing and grammar you all but name, they realized a highly democratic musical conversation that did not depend on a single, stable source of authority, but was instead characterized by a remarkably non-hierarchical, horizontal multiplicity that remained open to chat room iphone change and diversity. Despite the many problems that arose from Garcia’s refusal to use his authority (David Gans discusses this in writing very his essay, 329-31), it is, I think, no coincidence that of all the help chat iphone, psychedelic musical groups to come out of the 1960s, only the Dead remained together and continued to tour year after year until Garcia’s death in writing 1995.

Exploring the connections between their musical and cultural longevity and their use of Deleuzian practices would be a fascinating continuation of Tuedio’s work. Graeme Boone, the author of two essays in this volume, should be familiar to music specialists interested in the Dead, as he is the author of a 1997 article that is notable as one of the first published attempts to apply traditional methods of musical analysis to the Dead’s music. In “Mandalas and help, the Dead,” Boone explores the Dead’s connection to the widespread shift towards, and increasing interest in, Eastern spiritual traditions in the West in the 1960s. He points out that although the Dead came out of the San Francisco “hippy” scene of the Can someone me an essay good, mid-to-late 1960s, which was suffused with aspects of Eastern spirituality, they had a decidedly ambivalent relationship toward its various ideas, beliefs and chat, influences. On the one hand, the album covers of their first three albums all feature imagery that strongly invokes Eastern spirituality; on the other hand, lyrical references to any Eastern spiritual traditions are notably absent from their songs, even those on the above-mentioned albums.

And although different band members did, at various points, discuss their music in custom spiritual, transcendent terms, they never used specifically Eastern concepts to do so. What music from Homework help room iphone, Asia might have influenced the group, however, is a more difficult question to General writing you answer. Boone states categorically, “Despite the imagery on these early album covers, the Dead did not plumb the sounds of the East for the music of the records themselves” (33)—and he is correct—up to Homework a point—with the notable exception of the prominent use of a tamboura on the 1968 single version of “Dark Star”—but they did realize its musical evocation in trigonometry other ways, perhaps most explicitly with a musical section generally referred to as “Spanish Jam.” First performed in early 1968, it appeared periodically in concert until the group’s demise in 1995. Although its title refers to Spain rather than anywhere in help iphone Asia, this is a distinction without much meaning given that the specific “other” that it connotes can hardly be so specifically identified (although research into the origins of its name might be highly useful in understanding the discursive implications of musical structures within the deadhead community). Also, although “Spanish Jam” never officially appeared on a studio album, a brief hint of it does occur within the song “Born Cross-Eyed” on Anthem of the Sun ; the same basic chords are used, only here with a trumpet solo in addition to guitar (Light Into Ashes). Given the well-known disdain of the Dead’s members, however, as well as many of their fans, for their studio albums in comparison to their live performances, 1 it would be useful to on my quick consider their live musical material that did not appear on studio albums in Homework help iphone a discussion of their relation to custom writing the influences of the East. In this regard, I would venture to include not only “Spanish Jam,” but also their various odd-time signature songs and Homework, jams (“the Seven,” “the Eleven” and “the Main Ten”) that came out of drummer Mickey Hart’s studies of Good essay website Hindustani rhythmic principles. Furthermore, given the familiarity of the Dead’s members with Indian music, one could well argue that the harmonically-static, modal type of help chat room iphone improvising that the Dead so often made use of was derived not only from the modal jazz of Miles Davis and John Coltrane (as is often acknowledged), but also from Indian music’s lack of harmonic movement and you, its similar melodic and rhythmic inventiveness. The possibility of these influences suggests that as valuable as Boone’s essay is, further research is necessary in order to definitively explain the Dead’s complex relationship with the East. Boone’s other article, “Dark Star Mandala,” follows through on a suggestion he made in his earlier article on “Dark Star”: “If ‘Dark Star’ is considered to Homework chat room iphone be a cumulation of many performances, or a distillation of them, comparison of Help quick all available recorded versions might uncover its essential nature” (172).

However, given its 200+ live versions, such a task would be at least a book-long project; therefore, Boone here limits himself to 63 “Dark Stars” from the song’s embryonic studio recordings from late 1967 to April 1969 when a high level of abstractness from its formal elements (what Boone refers to, appropriately, as “space”) were realized “as an Homework help chat, actual sonic dwelling place within [it]” (100). In a table, he lists these versions and the various musical elements that make them up, thereby giving unparalleled insight into the diachronic development of an improvisationally based piece of music. Writing And Grammar? He also creates two mandala-like images in order to portray the synchronic interrelationships between the various elements: a lesser one for the more limited versions up till early 1969, defined by the antipodes “stability” and “tension”; and a greater one for Homework help room those that came later, in which the realization of an expanded pallet of possibilities necessitated a wider antipodal relationship that Boone labels (respectively) “cosmos” and “chaos.” Because of the array of symbols used, interpreting these graphics required some degree of effort on my part, but the process was quite valuable in furthering my understanding of the musical relationships that make up “Dark Star,” and trigonometry college, that Boone has done such a remarkable job analyzing and describing. Anthropologist Eric Silverman’s “‘Mysteries Dark and Vast’: Grateful Dead Concerts and Initiation into the Sublime,” is an especially important work of scholarship on the Dead because it so effectively takes on two unfortunate tropes concerning the Dead: (1) that their music was facile and iphone, unserious; (2) the prominence of insufficiently critical comparisons and appropriations of non-Western myths and cultural practices (most notably those of Dissertation custom Joseph Campbell) in understandings of their music and its relationship to the broader deadhead culture. Against the first, Silverman rightly insists on the integral role that invocations of the sublime played in the Dead’s musical practice. Although many of the Homework iphone, Dead’s songs are structurally quite conventional for very pop-rock music (though not at all in their often highly improvised realizations in live performance) and positive in help chat iphone their emotional expressivity, in almost every one of their concerts they performed music far outside standard song structures and of a very “dark” variety. Whether referred to as “Feedback” (as on the 1969 album Live/Dead ), “Seastones,” “DrumsSpace,” or understood instead as a particularly far-out section of one of their more improvisationally adventurous songs, these more exploratory aspects of their musical vocabulary used the sonic palette of the 20 th century avant-garde to create music that, depending on writing and grammar, one’s mental state, could be bafflingly bizarre, hilariously weird, or absolutely terrifying. Despite the prevalence of this kind of sonic experimentation in their repertoire, however, these explorations have received little attention from Homework help chat room iphone, music critics, journalists, or even scholars of the Dead. And Grammar You? I hope that this article will prompt further study of the fascinating stylistic musical melange that the Dead achieved through their improvisational practice.

Silverman’s critique of the second trope is, in fact, related to the first. The mythologist Joseph Campbell has been a favorite reference point for deadheads since he attended a Dead concert in 1986 and later compared it to a neo-pagan, Dionysian celebration of communal ekstasis (215). As Silverman rightly points out, however, Campbell’s structuralist reduction of help chat room local, higher-order differences in myths and religious practices to ostensibly universal, lower-order sameness does violence to the importance of difference to the vast array of cultural practices among which he sought commonalities: “To this ‘world ecumenist’ who reduced all myths and rituals everywhere to the same spiritual oneness, the devil was indeed in the details! His exegetical method was thoroughly modernist by custom writing, reducing all local voices, meanings, motivations, and interpretations to a univocal, universal ‘monomyth’” (215-16). Silverman perspicaciously draws a connection between the appropriation of Homework help chat room Campbell’s denial of difference by deadheads with the denial, or at least effacement, of the importance of terror to an understanding of the experience of trigonometry their concerts. Silverman here turns to Homework help iphone Victor Turner’s conception of communitas to insist (in contrast to its usual use by scholars of the Dead who stress only its ecstatic, carnivalesque character) that it “must also include an element of sheer terror and fright. Writing Website? Communitas entails a radical, typically traumatic shattering of everyday social and psychological norms—a literal deconstruction of the normative content and categories of thought. [. . Homework Help Chat? .] Communitas is serious ritual violence” (218). Rather than an all-embracing feeling of peace and love within the Campbellian rubric “All Is One,” Silverman brilliantly illuminates the fear that Dead concerts at their best conjured, as a mirror of that which psychedelic experiences themselves almost always involve.

This is not to deny the validity or importance of “the overt ethos of peacefulness, compassion, family, collaboration, and Good essay website, kindness that suffused the Grateful Dead experience” (225); rather, it is only by coming to terms with their ever-present darkness and terror that the full phenomenological power of the iphone, group, and the remarkable loyalty of General writing its fans, can be fully understood. This volume represents perhaps the strongest evidence to date that far from being simply another pop-rock group, the Grateful Dead were one of the most important American musical-cultural phenomena of the late 20 th century and are of significant import to the study of improvisation. Its editors did a remarkable job in gathering such a wide ranging and Homework chat room iphone, high quality collection of essays; I only wish they had been more careful in their editing, as I did find a number of small problematic details that I do not have space to go into Need help trigonometry college, here. Homework Chat? Despite these quibbles and my various stated critiques, I unhesitatingly recommend this volume as an intellectually stimulating, worthwhile contribution to popular culture scholarship and improvisational studies. Its disciplinary breadth and diversity of viewpoints is extremely welcome and will, hopefully, serve as an example of quick how scholarship can benefit from such interdisciplinary efforts. The field of chat iphone Grateful Dead studies is Need very young, but the appearance of this volume suggests not only Homework, its vitality, but also its promise as a particularly fruitful arena for the study of improvisation, popular music and culture. Adorno. Theodor W. “On Popular Music.” Essays on music . Trans. Susan Gillespie.

Ed. Richard Leppert. Berkeley: U of California P, 2002. 437-469. Print. Bourdieu, Pierre. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste . Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1984. Print. ---.

The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature . On My Assignment? Ed. Randal Johnson. Help Chat Room Iphone? New York: Colombia UP, 1993. Print. Brightman, Carol. Sweet Chaos: The Grateful Dead’s American Adventure . Can Someone Me An? New York: Pocket Books, 1998.

Print. Boone, Graeme M. “Tonal and Expressive Ambiguity in ‘Dark Star.’” Understanding Rock: Essays in Musical Analysis . Ed. John Covach and Graeme M. Boone. New York: Oxford UP, 1997. 171-210. Homework Help? Print. Deleuze, Gilles and Felix Guattari.

A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia . Trans. Brian Massumi. Dissertation Writing? Minneapolis: U of iphone Minnesota P, 1987. Print. Dodd, David G. and Diana Spaulding, eds. The Grateful Dead Reader . New York: Oxford UP, 2000. Print. Frith. Simon. “Art Versus Technology: The Strange Case of and grammar Popular Music.” Media, Culture and Society 8 (1986): 263-79.

Print. Gimbel, Steve, ed. The Grateful Dead and Philosophy: Getting High Minded About Love and Homework help chat room iphone, Haight . Can Someone Me An? Chicago: Open Court, 2007. Print. Hart, Mickey.

Drumming at help room iphone the Edge of Magic: A Journey into the Spirit of Percussion . Can Someone Write Essay? San Rafael, CA: Grateful Dead Productions, 1998. Print. Hunt, Pamela. “A Quantitative Approach to Studying Subculture.” Diss. Kent State University, 2008. Print. Kivy, Peter. Authenticity: Philosophical Reflections on room iphone, Musical Performance . Write Me An Good? Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1995. Help Chat? Print. “Light Into Ashes: The Dead’s Early Thematic Jams.” Grateful Dead Guide: An Ongoing Series of Articles on Songs Performances of the Early Grateful Dead . Web.

25 Nov. 2010. Meriwether, Nicholas G, ed. All Graceful Instruments: The Contexts of the Grateful Dead Phenomenon . Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Press, 2007. Dissertation Custom Writing? Print. Moore, Allan. Chat? “Authenticity as Authentication.” Popular Music 21.2 (2002): 209-23. Print. Peterson, Richard A. Creating Country Music: Fabricating Authenticity . Chicago: U of Hugh philadelphia Chicago P, 1997. Print.

Taruskin, Richard, et al. “The Limits of Authenticity: A Discussion.” Early Music 12 (1984). Print. Turner, Victor. The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure . Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1969. Print.

Weiner, Robert G, ed. Perspectives on the Grateful Dead: Critical Writings . Westport, CT.: Greenwood Press, 1999 . Print.