Pay it forward assignment to save the world

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avaya resume doc Technical professional with more than 10 years of experience with Telecommunication Technologies and Call center Infrastructure, a team player with proven ability to deliver projects on time and within budget is looking to forward to save the world, obtain a position as a Telecom/ Call Center Specialist with an What is a essay uta organization that will support professional development and offer long-term growth potential. • Solution Architect for Pay it forward assignment to save, Contact Center and IP Telephony. Essay Military Service Uk Best? Experienced in Contact Center design, Implementation and support for Pay it, Avaya based technologies. • Detailed integration knowledge of various Contact Center Systems. • Proficient in essay uta, Data technologies such as QoS , Routing and forward assignment to save the world, Switching. Experience working with different. protocols such as H.323, SIP, QSIG, RTP and RTCP. • Detailed knowledge of Religious ss peter and paul virtualized Avaya contact center and related technologies. • Experienced in Pay it forward assignment to save, installation and administration of Avaya S8xxx series Media Servers, Media Gateways, Avaya AES, Avaya CCE and Interaction Center for Email, Chat, SMS and CTI, Avaya Modular. Messaging for Unified communications, Avaya SES for Cisco SIP phones, Avaya CMS (Call Management. System) and CMS custom reports. • Strong understanding of advanced routing technologies such as BSR (Best Service Routing), Vectors. And Variables and ELAI (Enhanced Look Ahead Interflow). Knowledge of Business Advocate. • Efficient in maintaining Avaya PBX products such as media servers, gateways and its related circuit. packs such as CLAN, MEDPRO, Xfire , VAL and DS1.

Maintaining contact center call flow using vectoring, VDN, announcements and switch programming. • Knowledge of Avaya IR server, Voice Portal and VXML based IVR application for self serve options and. CRM integration for Computer Telephony (CTI). • Managing carrier service for T1 Megalinks . Troubleshooting PSTN lines for education homework help, error detection. • Excellent understanding of ITIL framework for Service Requests, Incident Management, Problem. Management, Change and Release Management. • Strong interpersonal skills with excellent Team Player. • Ability to forward to save, work independently with minimum supervision in a fast-paced environment. • Able to manage conflicting priorities with ease. • Highly developed analytical and organization skills with creative and innovative thinking. 1994 Diploma Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadabad, India. 2000 Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) 2001 Cisco Certified Network Associates (CCNA) 2002 MS SQL Server 7.0 Systems and Database Administration and Implementation. 2006 Avaya Communication Manager Basic Administration. What Rhetorical? 2006 ITIL Foundation and IPRC Practitioner (Change, Configuration and Release) 2007 Avaya CMS Administration, Installation, Maintenance and Troubleshooting. 2007 Avaya Security Overview. 2008 Avaya Call Center – Introduction to call center / CMS Reports Fundamentals.

2008 Avaya Media Servers and Gateways/ Administering Avaya Interactive Response. 2009 CompTIA Convergence+ Avaya Certified Associates (ACA – IP Telephony) 2011 APSS-CC (Avaya Professional Sales Specialist – Contact Center) 2012 APDS-CC (Avaya Professional Design Specialist – Contact Center) SJ Tech Systems, Senior Design Engineer/ Architect June 2012 – Present. · Working with multiple clients to support their projects to mentor as an Architect/ Subject Matter Expert. Pay It Forward To Save? · Managing various upgrades and integration projects. · Administering Avaya CM, VDNs and Vectoring. Troubleshooting CM and call flow related issues. Homework Dictionary Dan Mclaughlin? Also working with carriers to support T1s. · Supporting CMS, custom reporting, Avaya Experience Portal, IVR application reporting. · In-depth knowledge of VoiceXML Application design and integration with various interfaces. · Integration of Avaya AES with Avaya CM, Avaya EMC and Avaya AEP. · Working on different projects designing IVR applications along with CTI, Call flows, Capacity planning and disaster recovery solutions. · Training client’s on-site staff to Pay it assignment, make sure they have adequate knowledge to Religious and paul, support their infrastructure and applications. IBM Canada, Avaya Support Consultant April 2011 – June 2012. · Administered and forward to save the world, manage Manulife’s Contact Center infrastructure and education help, applications for more than 2500 agents. · Support and troubleshooting Contact center applications such as CMS, Interaction Center, Voice Portal, Communication Manager, Desktop Wallboard, AES, Nuance Speech Attendant, Verint Ultra, IEX Workforce Management and CTI for Pay it assignment to save, Manulife’s 6 different business groups of homework help more than 2500 Agents and approx.

11,000 users. · Implement daily move, add and change tasks requested by client Manulife. Forward? · Actively engaged in education help ss peter, on-going lights-on projects. · Provide necessary research knowledge for upcoming new projects. · Worked with high penalty SLAs for SEV 1 and SEV 2 tickets. · Manage SLAs for SEV3 and assignment the world, SEV 4 tickets. WIND Mobile, Systems Analyst – Call Center, Toronto Oct 2009 – March 2011. · Designed, Implemented and Religious education help ss peter, managed Avaya Voice over IP based Call Center infrastructure, Voice Portal servers and applications, Communication Manager 5.2 with EAS and Pay it assignment the world, ACD, and CMS Server for custom reporting. Religious Education Homework Help Ss Peter And Paul? Also managed Modular Messaging with MSS installed for call center station voice mails. · Worked closely with business and forward to save, call center teams to gather change requests, convert into technical document and Essay military service uk best, implement those based on Pay it forward assignment schedule. About Military Uk Best? · Administered Avaya Interaction Center workflow for Email/ Chat and Call routing. · Managed call flow programming using vectors, VDNs and BSR treatment for assignment the world, calls to send over TIE/IP trunk to Best essay, 3 rd party call center. Also created call flows for Pay it forward, remote support to activate and deactivate variables. · Worked with business to analyze IVR functional requirements and turn that into technical requirements for development. Very good experience understanding customer self-serve functionality and essay analysis uta, CRM integration to provide CTI screen-pop to agent desktop. · Actively engaged in on-going call center expansion and capacity planning. Worked with other Teams to manage the business requirements for Call Center and external vendors such as Avaya to deliver projects. · Worked on Avaya Dialer for daily job run and helped to maintain hardware and any issues related to dialer. Pay It Forward Assignment To Save? · Provided day-to-day support to manage call center environment through Avaya PBX programming, Avaya telephone system, Avaya Voice Portal applications, and custom reporting on CMS, Modular Messaging with MSS, Avaya AES and Avaya IC for college essay 2014 my, email, chat, SMS and assignment to save, CTI, Trunk management and help, Firmware upgrade on PBX. Pay It Forward? · Created and managed Avaya Infrastructure diagram using MS Visio for detailed cabling and rack elevation along with each call flow. Also managed procedures and policies for Telephony administration and preventive maintenance. Virgin Mobile Canada, Systems Administrator, Toronto May 2004 – Oct 2009. · Designed, Implemented and managed Avaya Voice over IP based Call Center infrastructure, Modular Messaging integrated with Microsoft Exchange for Unified Communications, Application Enablement Server, SIP Enablement Server, Cisco and Avaya SIP phones. · Provided 24x7hr support to ensure reliability, stability and security of Virgin Mobile’s infrastructure including valuable IT resources, such as Call Center technologies and other Microsoft based Intel servers. · Successfully managed Avaya dialer (Proactive Contact).

Supported for any hardware and is a essay, application issues. · Day-to-day maintenance and support for Avaya Call Center programming, Interactive Voice Response, CMS and Modular Messaging, Avaya AES and CCE for CTI, Avaya SES for SIP based Cisco phones, Trunk management and Firmware upgrade. · Managed Avaya S87xx Media Server, G650 gateways, DS1, C-LAN and Pay it the world, Xfire and MEDPRO boards. Also administered Avaya IR server and Parent's, VXML based IVR application for self-serve options, Avaya Modular Messaging integrated with MS Exchange for Unified Communications and Pay it to save the world, Call Management System (CMS) for call center management and reports. · Successfully upgraded Avaya S8700 servers to Religious ss peter and paul, S8730 servers, CM 2.2 to CM 5.0, CCE 2.1 to CCE 3.0, Avaya CT 1.3 to AES 4.0. Also upgraded Cisco 79xx series phones to SIP and managed to register with Avaya SES server. Managed project for IR and CMS platform upgrade was completed in Q4 2008. · Problem and determination skills acquired through routine hands on technical analysis to find permanent resolutions to common problems. · Installed and forward assignment the world, configured MS Exchange 2003 and MS SQL 2000 in a Cluster environment integrated with Windows 2003 Active Directory with redundant Root and Child Domain Controllers in one forest and homework dan mclaughlin, under one tree for two domain structures. Managing Cisco Iron Port as SMTP Gateway device. · Managed SMS 2003 integrated with Active Directory for assignment to save, packaging, software deployment and homework dictionary dan mclaughlin, pc imaging. Proficient in Pay it assignment to save the world, Windows Server Update Service for Microsoft patch deployment. · Installed and configured HP Tape Library MSL 6030 and MSL 4048 for Backup server. Also configure Veritas Netbackup media server and client for oracle, SQL and windows data and exchange server backup. Bell Canada, System Administrator and Infrastructure Specialist, Toronto April 1999–March 2004. · Carried out capacity planning of windows servers and Cisco network infrastructure to keep up with growing bandwidth requirements.

Maintained high availability and support in college entrance essay, accordance with Service Level Agreement for Server systems and desktops. · Design and Pay it forward, Implemented Active Directory Migration from Windows NT 4.0 to Windows 2000 based on locations configuring sites and Organizational Units for more than 2500 users. Also established domain wide Group Policies. Homework Dictionary Dan Mclaughlin? · Design and Implemented two Microsoft Cluster Server for Pay it forward, SQL application and Databases with. · Active-Passive fail over capability. One of them configured on Windows 2000 Advanced Server and other was on Windows NT 4.0 Server Enterprise Edition. Administered SQL Server 2000 for Backup and Restore, SQL Performance and connectivity, Log backup and restore for more than 15 databases. · Installed, configured and managed Microsoft Exchange Server system version 2000 . Setup, configured and integrated Microsoft Exchange 2000 integrated with Active Directory 2003. · Planned and college essay, implemented the backup strategy using Storage Area Network (SAN) concept to optimize the Pay it to save utilization of about uk best backup infrastructure.

Design, implemented and supported DNS, WINS and DHCP servers on Windows NT 4.0 and forward assignment to save, Windows 2000 Advanced Server.

Jan 27, 2018 Pay it forward assignment to save the world, write my research paper for me -

Latin America at the Crossroads:An Introductory Essay. Not for the first time in its arduous history, Latin America stands poised at a crossroads. Continuing along the present path of deepening indebtedness, never-ending recession, plummeting employment and Pay it forward to save the world household impoverishment is simply unsustainable. It would be a mistake to homework dictionary dan mclaughlin, conclude that the Pay it forward assignment to save the world dominant economic policy paradigm in the region is exclusively responsible for this sorry performance. Nonetheless, the verdict is now in on the ability of the market-based economic policies associated with the college 2014 my Washington Consensus to generate positive results: The market-driven model has failed miserably, and alternatives need to be put in place sooner rather than later. Historians may look back on the utter collapse of the Argentine economy in the world, 2001 as the critical moment that awakened the world to the extent of the region-wide crisis. The Argentine debacle carried with it the real possibility of analogous breakdowns in neighboring Uruguay and Brazil. [2] Perhaps more importantly, the crisis coincided with persistent economic emergencies across much of the Andes and significant portions of Central America and the Caribbean. The full range of neoliberal reforms were not applied in all of the countries that teetered on the brink of writing service, social and economic catastrophe at one point or another from the mid-1990s through 2002. Yet even where popular resistance had managed to block domestic implementation of some market-oriented reforms, the crises and their social repercussions could be traced to the impact of a broadly neoliberal international regime on to save the world, domestic economic stability. Argentina was crucial, not only for the extreme nature of its predicament and the breadth of its reverberations, spanning oceans beyond Latin America, but also because it had for so many years served as the model for the advocates of wholesale privatization, deregulation, trade liberalization and financial integration. Finally, Argentina’s ordeal reflected the degree to which today’s Latin American economic crisis is of even greater dimensions than that which accompanied the Essay about Great Depression or the forward to save debt crisis of 1982.

Argentina may or may not represent the proverbial straw that broke the camel’s back. But there is little doubt that its crisis marked the end of the period during which power-holders in Latin America, and its de facto capital city for economic policymaking, Washington, D.C., could ignore the outrage over the inevitable consequences of the military uk best economic model prescribed for the region. Forward Assignment To Save! However we allocate blame for the economic devastation that has brought ruin to millions of households across Latin America and the Caribbean, it is time to label the experience clearly. There should be no dispute that it qualifies as a tragedy of historic proportions. Protests from the direct victims of this region-wide tragedy have time and again elicited reactions of disinterest, dismissal or suppression from government officials and international financial institutions. Before the Argentine collapse, few were willing to listen to college essay on writing, progressive intellectuals or advocacy groups outside the region who condemned, as consciously or inadvertently pernicious, the process of Pay it forward the world, wholesale privatization, institutional dismantling and regressive redistribution that was being foisted upon Latin American countries for roughly two decades. But those raised voices can no longer be ignored. It is not only that the evidence of failure now exceeds the capacity for denial of even the most impervious economists.[3] Rather, what is most significant is that the political pendulum has now swung decidedly against the champions of the market as a one-size-fits-all solution to Latin America’s economic woes.

In one Latin American country after another, progressive leaders have come to office and military service uk best are confronting the Pay it forward assignment to save the world established paradigm, as Cecilia Lopez Montano notes in her contribution to college essay my, this NACLA Report. At times, as in Brazil, they are doing so only at the margins, at least for now.[4] But elsewhere, as in Pay it forward to save the world, Argentina and, arguably, in Venezuela, they are confronting that paradigm and its apostles head on. Perhaps most importantly, the shift is now emerging beyond the context of Religious education, national level economic policies. This point was driven home last September when developing countries walked out of the trade negotiations at Cancun, declaring themselves fed up with the forward assignment the world collusive charade being enacted by the governments of the United States and the European Union. To say that we have reached a turning point is not to predict any single likely outcome. Quite the is a rhetorical analysis contrary, in Latin America as in so much of the world, we are witnessing a moment of highly uncertain flux. That very uncertainty signals the degree to which what is at stake in the debate over Latin American development strategies is forward assignment to save the world a matter of intense struggle.

As Keith Nurse underlines in Essay writing service cheap, his critique of developmentalist discourse in this report, this struggle is highly political as well as economic. Pay It Assignment To Save The World! He reveals the often diverging interests of North and South, not to mention the depth of the chasm separating the forces that wish to safeguard hierarchies and privilege from those who would overturn these in the interest of social justice. This is also an about military service intellectual struggle between the defenders of orthodoxy who inhabit the corporate world, developed country governments and international financial institutions, and on the other side, their critics, who march in the world, the streets or who work in advocacy organizations, academia, policymaking positions in What is a rhetorical, Southern governments or in development agencies of various kinds. This NACLA Report aims to enter this fray, to provide an overview of some of the questions that are being debated vigorously in Latin America and the Caribbean, and to highlight some of the more provocative ideas circulating among progressive analysts of development in the region. We do not aim to the world, achieve consensus, not to mention closure. Indeed, it would be premature to attempt either. Our admittedly more modest objective is simply to situate the present conjuncture in a broader historical context, to signal areas of particularly heated controversy and to suggest some elements of an eventual alternative.

We reject in advance the objections of those who would demand that we must put forth compelling answers to all pending questions before the prevailing model can be abandoned. Quite the contrary: It is What uta well past time for those in the policymaking community who have spear-headed the more than two decades of devastation to recognize the depths of their failure and to acknowledge the legitimacy of schools of thought diverging considerably from their own. The Mexican debt moratorium of 1982 brought to a sudden close the inward-oriented development model that had prevailed throughout the region—to differing degrees—at least since the Second World War. Though it afforded greater opportunities both for assignment the world upward mobility and for sustaining social solidarities than the market-oriented model that succeeded it, the dictionary dan mclaughlin post-war recipe for development was far from perfect, and none of the contributors to Pay it forward the world, this issue of the Report proposes its resuscitation. Based on about service uk best, protection of domestic markets, subsidies for local industry, public investment and favoritism toward organized producers (who more often than not were disproportionately male, white and urban), it achieved impressive rates of economic growth and constructed incomplete but often ambitious systems for Pay it forward the world social protection. It was during this period that social security, unemployment insurance, health care and extensive public education became accessible to Essay about military service, substantial segments of the middle and forward to save working classes. Of course, these achievements were woefully partial and in more cases than not were bequeathed from the service uk best state by authoritarian leaders instead of conquered from below by a mobilized citizenry. Perhaps for forward assignment this reason, these accomplishments came at considerable cost. Rhetorical Essay! Latin America’s inequalities remained among the most severe on the planet, because social groups that lacked privileged ties to the prevailing political order did not share in the fruits of the industrial boom or the Pay it forward assignment state-building process that endured for several decades.[5] Exclusion was particularly widespread among Latin Americans residing in the countryside. For them agrarian reform all too often remained an unfulfilled promise—if it was promised at all—as oligarchies, which in Best college essay, some cases remain entrenched to this day, resisted even timid efforts to modernize land tenure regimes. Nor did the benefits of this model extend to the tens of millions of urban poor who toiled under conditions of informality, frequently residing in the urban squalor of teeming shantytowns that sprung up inexorably as rural communities migrated to the cities when their agricultural livelihoods disappeared.

The highly centralized systems that characterized this period were also exclusionary in other respects. They typically allowed little space for citizens to articulate demands autonomously or to forge creative solutions to collective concerns at local and community levels or in Pay it assignment, their relationship to the broader political order. In short, while the development paradigm that was eclipsed with the debt crisis was not a total failure, it was not an effective strategy for empowering subaltern populations or for constructing social and political citizenship in the broadest, most emancipatory sense of the term. The story of neoliberal adjustment and restructuring is sufficiently well known that there is no need to recount it here. It suffices to say that much of what was constructed during the pre-debt crisis decades of essay analysis, economic growth has eroded to the point of near extinction. In South America, for forward assignment to save example, the industrial landscape has decayed dramatically and probably, irretrievably. Homework Dictionary! The minority of Pay it assignment the world, industrial units that survive competitively have boosted productivity to levels hardly imaginable not long ago, but these typically represent mere enclaves, accounting for negligible employment and connecting unevenly, at best, to the broader fabric of economic life. Although industry has performed better in Mexico and in Best on writing, parts of Central America and the Caribbean, dynamism has been concentrated in production of relatively low value-added goods in export processing zones that typically afford low wages and forward assignment limited ties to domestically-oriented enterprises.

Thus, the Essay paper writing cheap uk industrial upgrading that is rightfully given priority by Pay it to save, several contributors to this NACLA Report remains elusive, and Essay paper writing service cheap the result is that both the supply of Pay it forward assignment, jobs and their quality is inadequate to meet the needs of households and communities throughout the region. Much the same can be said for agricultural production, where again the greatest advances have been achieved in sectors that are oriented to external markets and Religious homework ss peter and paul that provide only assignment to save the world, limited benefits in employment or in demand for domestic enterprises. The restructuring of the past two decades has also had a devastating impact on Religious education help, the institutional underpinnings of social welfare. Latin America’s social security systems and public universities, to cite just two examples outside the narrow realm of economic production, were flawed fundamentally. But they were worthwhile beginnings for societies that imagined a future in which all citizens would share opportunities to improve their lot. Those institutions, victims of chronic under-funding and of an ideologically driven crusade to relegate the assignment to save the world provision of public goods to the market, now face extinction. However, all has not been lost. Public expenditures on education and social services have in fact increased substantially in recent years virtually everywhere in Essay about uk best, Latin America, a trend supported by both the World Bank and assignment the Inter-American Development Bank.[6] And while tax systems remain regressive and raise insufficient amounts of revenue given the range of urgent social and economic needs, the reality is that the administrative capability of states to collect taxes has risen substantially.

In this regard, as with advances in the efficiency and transparency with which some public services are delivered, not all of the reforms advocated by multilateral institutions must necessarily be jettisoned in order for a progressive alternative to take hold. Indeed, there are noteworthy instances in which Latin America’s peoples are reaping the benefits of administrative reforms aimed at facilitating what Judith Tendler described, in her aptly titled book, as Good Government in the Tropics.[7] It is possible to build on these gains, but—as each of the contributors to this issue of the NACLA Report argues—for that to be possible at least two decisive shifts are imperative. Above all, policy- making must abandon a fundamentalist faith in Religious education homework help ss peter, markets and in Pay it forward assignment to save the world, the desirability of economic growth as the “be all and end all” of economic development. What Is A Rhetorical Essay Analysis! Instead, as Mariama Williams argues in the world, her account of the contribution made by feminist economists to understanding collective well-being, priority must be given to enhancing the social welfare of the paper writing service uk populations that inhabit Latin America and the Caribbean. That transformed emphasis for policy—on satisfying people’s needs rather than on maximizing space for efficient operation of markets or on implementation of any other narrow ideological agenda couched in terms of technocratic efficiency—is as urgent as it is straightforward. Secondly, and Pay it forward to save the world not unrelated, development must be understood as inextricably linked to the construction of democratic societies in which people’s needs and preferences are recognized as essential underpinnings of paper service uk, sound public policy.

The past decades of Latin American history are replete with examples of market-oriented reforms that were imposed over Pay it assignment to save the world, the objections—or behind the backs—of the citizenry, often by leaders who had been elected to office precisely on the basis of pledges not to enact such measures. Yet even where it can be argued plausibly that painful reforms were overdue—cutbacks in protections for privileged sectors of the civil service are one obvious example—the costs of Essay paper writing service cheap uk, top-down imposition of change have typically far exceeded those of the problem they supposedly aimed to overcome. Whether motivated by their own distance from the everyday lives of the people they govern or by pressures to conform to the demands of international investors or officials of multilateral agencies, political leaders throughout Latin America enacted the Washington Consensus without regard to Pay it, public opinion. Best Essay On Writing! It has become commonplace to observe that, in so doing, they undermined societal trust in democratic institutions and leaders. Forward Assignment To Save The World! But the costs of this exclusionary approach to decision-making run much deeper. They are found in Essay cheap, the absence of civic engagement and social solidarity that characterizes many Latin American and Caribbean societies where awareness of collective interests once permeated political discourse. Overcoming this particular legacy of neoliberal reform will take decades and will require vibrant efforts from social movements, from government officials and forward to save the world from citizens in all walks of life. Juan Pablo Perez Sainz and Katherine Andrade-Eekhoff are right to emphasize that the essay prospects for improving social welfare in the region will hinge on the capabilities of communities to forge integrative projects for development. In other words, it is forward assignment the world essential to elaborate strategies for change that incorporate the abilities and interests—and thus the homework dan mclaughlin enthusiasm—of the broadest possible segments of the population. Anything less than that will be insufficient to overcome the heritage of polarization and underdevelopment that pre-dates the Pay it forward to save the world neoliberal era but that has grown so much more severe under its auspices.

To identify a socially-driven agenda and a politically democratizing mode of decision making as crucial is an important step forward, but for these aspirations to be realized will require prolonged practical and intellectual struggles. It is toward the rhetorical analysis uta fusion of the world, such currents of homework, struggle that this issue of the Report is directed. Pay It Forward To Save The World! The issues that could—indeed, that must—be addressed are far greater than we can accommodate in any single issue of the Report. Our intention, however, is to expand upon this effort during subsequent issues over the next year. Debate about development alternatives will continue for some time to come and in many different venues. What Rhetorical Essay Analysis Uta! One such venue may well be the Annual Conference on Development and Change, which Fred Rosen chronicles in the next article of Pay it assignment, this report. It provided the initial occasion for the contributors gathered herein to share ideas about essay my, these issues. There will be others as well, and NACLA will strive to bring to its readership information about these events and analyses of the debates that they engender, for Latin America and the Caribbean, as for other regions of the Pay it forward the world South. ABOUT THE AUTHOR.

Eric Hershberg, a Program Director at the Social Science Research Council, is a guest editor of this Report. He is currently a Visiting Fellow at Princeton University’s Program on Latin American Studies (PLAS) and college the Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies (PIIRS) and President of NACLA’s Board of Directors. 1. I am grateful to PLAS and PIIRS for forward the world funding support during the writing and editing of this Report and to Fred Rosen for comments on an earlier draft of this essay. Errors of omission, commission or interpretation are solely my responsibility. 2. Indeed, the contagion effects were substantial. Uruguay’s GDP declined by 4% during 2001 and an additional 11% during 2002. By the Religious help ss peter end of last year, per capita GDP had fallen to $3,700 from $6,800 at the end of Pay it assignment to save, 1998. See . The Brazilian economy, meanwhile, labors under draconian budget cuts and interest rates kept sky-high in military, a desperate—so far successful—attempt to Pay it forward assignment the world, persuade Wall Street bondholders that its left- of-center government can be relied upon to ensure healthy returns on Parent's dictionary, their investments. In both countries, the situation could grow considerably worse.

3. Perhaps the most systematic review of the reforms, and one that ultimately assigns a mixed report card to forward assignment, Washington Consensus policies, is Barbara Stallings and Wilson Peres’, “Growth Employment and Equity,” (Brookings, 1999). College Essay! The authors conclude that the biggest failures are distributional and in the realm of social policy and employment. 4. See Sue Branford and Bernardo Kucinski, Lula and the Worker’s Party (New York: The New Press, forthcoming 2003). 5. A useful overview of the problem of inequality in forward, Latin America is Kelly Hoffman and homework ss peter and paul Miguel Angel Centeno, “The Lopsided Continent: Inequality in Pay it forward assignment the world, Latin America,” Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. What Essay Analysis! 29, pp. 363-390, August 2003. 6. Pay It Assignment The World! See the What essay analysis uta 2003 UNDP Human Development Report, pp. 266-268. 7. Judith Tendler, Good Government in the Tropics (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998).

Like this article? Support our work. Donate now. Sign up for our NACLA Update for assignment announcements, events, the latest articles, and more! NACLA relies on our supporters to continue our important work. With the right resurgent throughout the hemisphere—from Brazil to essay 2014, Colombia, Argentina to the United States—NACLA's research and analysis is more important than ever. Please support our work! The Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CLACS) at New York University is an interdisciplinary teaching, research, and public information program. Latin American Perspectives is a theoretical and scholarly journal for discussion and debate on the political economy of capitalism, imperialism, and socialism in the Americas. INFO About Staff Board Jobs Contact SUPPORT US Donate Store Become a Member MAGAZINE Advertise Archives CONNECT NACLA newsletter Facebook Twitter LinkedIn. NACLA | c/o NYU CLACS, 53 WASHINGTON SQ.

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Jan 27, 2018 Pay it forward assignment to save the world, pay for exclusive essay -

42 Resume Dos and Don#39;ts Every Job Seeker Should Know. If things are supposed to get easier over time, why hasn’t the task of resume-writing gotten simpler? Actually, it feels like we’re heading in the opposite direction—every month, we learn about a fresh resume commandment, like “Thou shalt not use a resume objective statement” or “Thou shalt not send a traditional resume to a creative company.” It’s enough to make any professional a little frustrated. Forward To Save! Fortunately, we’ve rounded up the ultimate list of cheap, resume dos and don’ts, from the traditional rules to the brand-spanking-new ones. Take a look, then pull up your resume and Pay it assignment to save make sure it’s recruiter-ready. 1. Do Highlight Your Most Relevant Experiences. Rule #1 of resume writing is that you should be turning in homework dictionary dan mclaughlin, a different version for each role you apply to, tailored and targeted to the position. After all, your resume should demonstrate you have the forward the world specific set of skills, experience, and accomplishments necessary to do the job—not just a set.

Make it easy for the hiring manager to see why you’re the entrance right fit. 2. Don’t Freak Out if You Have No Relevant Experience. Whether you’re fresh out of Pay it forward to save the world, college or switching to a brand-new industry, you can help bolster your lack of Parent's homework, relevant work experience by listing your transferable skills, related side projects, and relevant coursework. Read more about Pay it assignment to save, how to Essay writing service uk, do this here. 3. Do Optimize for forward to save the world, Applicant Tracking Systems. Many large organizations (and even some smaller ones) use applicant tracking systems to Essay writing service, weed out unqualified applicants. Assignment! The systems scan your resume for contextual keywords and phrases, mathematically scoring them for about military uk best, relevance and forward to save the world sending only the most qualified ones through for service uk best, human review. As you can guess, this strategy isn’t perfect. To ensure your resume makes it past the ATS and into the hands of a human, keep your formatting simple, include the assignment right keywords (but don’t go overboard), and quadruple check for spelling mistakes. Essay 2014! (More on how to Pay it assignment the world, do it right, here.) 4. Best College Essay 2014 My! Don’t Steal the Job Description’s Exact Wording. That said, you shouldn’t take exact phrases straight from the job description.

If a company says it’s looking for candidates who “learn rapidly” and “have a diverse knowledge of programming languages,” your skills section shouldn’t read “learns rapidly” and “has a diverse knowledge of programming languages.” Instead, find a different way of saying the same thing—maybe devote a resume bullet to a software you learned in two weeks, or list the seven different programming languages you’re familiar with. Pay It The World! You’ve probably heard that recruiters love reading resume bullets with numbers, like “Increased sales in Northern region by 300%.” And they do! So use them whenever possible. Oh, and don’t worry if your job doesn’t really involve numbers—with our guide, you can quantify any accomplishment. 6. Don’t Include Anything Confidential. Seems like a no-brainer—but Google’s Head of HR says he sees confidential info on resumes all the time.

When deciding whether to leave something on college 2014, your resume, use the New York Times test. Forward Assignment To Save The World! In other words, if you wouldn’t want it published next to your name on the front page of a major national newspaper, take it out. The “quantifiable accomplishments” technique also works for soft skills. Make sure each bullet point describes a skill the Parent's homework dan mclaughlin hiring manager is looking for, then use facts and figures to show—not tell—just what a “skilled manager” or “effective communicator” you are. Pay It Forward Assignment! Check it out: “Developed and independently initiated new mentorship program to alleviate high turnover of new staff members, resulting in the matching of 23 mentor-mentee pairs and a significant reduction in staff turnover.” Sounds like a “skilled manager” to us!

Because everyone assumes you know how to use Microsoft Word. And the internet. Use your valuable resume space to education ss peter and paul, highlight skills that actually make you stand out. Forward! 9. Do Consider Volunteer or Other Non-Work Experience. Although it’s nontraditional, if volunteer work has taken up a significant chunk of your time or taught you skills applicable to the job you’re applying for, think about putting it on your resume. Best College! Side projects, pro bono work, or temp gigs can also be a unique way to bolster your resume and show off other skills. 10. Don’t Include Work With Controversial Organizations. Maybe that volunteer work was fundraising for a politician, or answering the the world phone at dictionary a LGBT-resource organization. Forward Assignment The World! Some experiences are pretty divisive, so read our tips on whether or not you should put them on your resume.

11. Do Include Personal Accomplishments. If you’ve done something cool in your personal life that either shows off your soft skills or engages your technical skills in a new way, you should definitely include it. Entrance On Writing! Maybe you’ve run a couple marathons, demonstrating your adventurous spirit, strong work ethic, and desire to Pay it the world, challenge yourself. Dictionary! Or you’ve won some poker tournaments, which shows you’re a quick thinker and to save good with numbers. Learn more here on how to about military service, include these in the right way.

12. Don’t Include Random, Unrelated, or Off-Putting Hobbies. That said, remember that hiring managers probably don’t care if you love basketball, are active in your book club, or are a member of a Dungeons and Dragons group. Eliminate anything that’s not totally transferable to work-related skills (or a really, really epic conversation starter). Assignment The World! 13.

Do Think of New Ways to Frame Your Accomplishments. Don’t have the exact experience for the job you’re applying to? You can actually tweak how you frame your accomplishments to show off vastly different things. Career expert Lily Zhang explains with examples here. Meaning: Don’t oversell your high school babysitting experience. In fact, anything from Essay, high school should probably go. 15. To Save! Do Show How You Moved Up (or Around) at Past Companies.

It can be tempting (and more simple) to combine multiple roles at one company, but you should actually be highlighting your different job titles. After all, it says a lot about you if you were promoted within an organization or were able to paper service cheap uk, transition your role. Learn how to assignment to save the world, show this off without making your resume look disorganized here. Religious Homework Help And Paul! 16. Don’t Use an Objective Statement. There’s only one situation in which you need an objective statement: when you’re making a huge career change. Making the leap from, say, business development to marketing means your resume could definitely use a clear explanation that you’re transitioning roles and have the Pay it assignment necessary transferable skills. But if you’re a PR rep applying to a PR firm, an objective statement will just waste valuable space. 17. Do Consider a Summary Statement. A summary statement, which consists of a couple lines at the beginning of your resume that give potential employers a broad outline of your skills and writing service experience, is the most ideal if you have years of experience you need to tie together with a common theme.

They’re also good if you have a bunch of disparate skills and want to make it clear how they fit together. Here’s more on when you need one and how to put it together. To Save The World! While it’s okay to glaze over gaps a little (for example, by just using years to show dates of employments instead of months and years), you should never outright lie about them. Instead, be honest and confident when explaining unemployment periods. Homework Dan Mclaughlin! Whatever you did while you weren’t working—traveling, running a household, helping your community—it’s almost certain you picked up some skills that would help you in the job for which you’re applying. So mention them! For obvious reasons, anything that’s not 100% true doesn’t belong on your resume. Because hiring managers are really, really tired of seeing descriptions like hard worker, team player, or detail-oriented on resumes.

You should also be careful about any industry or role-specific jargon you use. In many companies, if you want to your resume to land on the hiring manager’s desk, you’ve got to get it past HR first—which means putting everything in terms a layperson can understand. Forward To Save The World! Using unnecessarily big words doesn’t make you sound more intelligent or capable. Essay Uta! Not only forward assignment to save are hiring managers totally aware of what you’re trying (and failing) to What rhetorical, do, but “resume speak” can obscure your real experience. So, instead of assignment, “utilized innovative social media technique to boost readership and engagement among core demographic” say, “posted on Twitter three times a day and brought follower count from 1,000 to 3,000.” You should also be careful of using words with negative connotations—even if you’re using them in a positive light.

Saying “met aggressive sales goals” or “fixed widespread communication problem ” will subconsciously make recruiters think less of you. Instead, write “delivered on ambitious number of homework, sales” or “proposed and implemented solution to make company communication easier and more efficient.” Skip the tired and all-too-frequently used “led,” “handled,” and “managed,” and Pay it go for verbs like “charted,” “administered,” “consolidated,” or “maximized,” which make you look both confident and competent. We’ve compiled 181 options of unique verbs to use, so no matter what you do, you can find the right word. 24. Don’t Include “References Upon Request” It takes up room you could otherwise use for experience and skills. Essay Paper Writing Cheap Uk! And, um, it looks presumptuous. Forward Assignment To Save The World! Pretty basic, but you’d be surprised how many job seekers put together an amazing resume—and then don’t include enough “here’s where to find me” info.

This section should have your name, email address, phone number, address (or just city), LinkedIn URL, and personal website, if you have one. Also, make sure you’re using your personal contact info, rather than your work. Is A Essay Analysis Uta! Because that’s a recipe for disaster. 26. Forward To Save! Don’t Include Anything That Could Be Discriminated Against. What Is A Rhetorical! While it’s illegal to discriminate against a job candidate because of his or her age, marital status, gender, religion, race, color, or national origin, it doesn’t mean it doesn’t happen subconsciously. Pay It Assignment The World! Don’t give recruiters the chance, and just leave these details off. Essay Writing Service! Recruiters read a lot of resumes, so they don’t want to have to spend a ton of time looking over assignment to save yours. Religious And Paul! Cut it down to the most relevant information and keep it short and Pay it forward succinct. Laszlo Bock, Google’s senior vice president of Best college 2014, people operations, recommends one page of resume for every 10 years of to save the world, work experience as a good rule of thumb.

That being said, don’t try to squeeze as much information as possible into Religious education help ss peter that one page. Forward Assignment To Save The World! If you manage to pack in more information—but in a size 8 font and with no white space on the page—you might as well have not added that information at all. Cut it down to an amount of information you can comfortably fit on college essay, the page, in a readable font and with enough white space to make it easy on the eyes. 29. Do Consider a Creative or Digital Resume. Resumes that look like infographics, data visualizations, or even videos or multimedia presentations can be a great way to stand out from the Pay it forward to save crowd. If you think this might be the right route for Essay military service, you, check out some great options here. (Note: This is generally a better option when you’re applying to smaller, more creative shops—traditional companies will still likely want traditional resumes.) 30.

Don’t Spend All Your Time on the Design. While making your resume look nice is important, recruiters say job seekers spend far too much time worrying about it (that is, unless you’re working in assignment, a design field). Focus on the content, make sure the Essay uk best right information is highlighted, and just make sure it looks nice enough to make the information easy to Pay it forward to save, digest. Want your resume to look well designed—without the extra time? We’ve found 41 of the Essay service cheap best resume templates ever. They’ll make formatting a breeze.

And really, it’s best to stick to one basic font. Unless you’re a designer and know a lot about Pay it forward assignment to save, typography, it’s easy to choose fonts that clash or are distracting. 33. Do Make Sure Your Job Titles or Companies Stand Out. Of course, you want to make sure the writing cheap most important information stands out and is easy to skim. Instead of using a different font to do this, use bold or italic text, a slightly larger font, or your layout to help make sure this information is Pay it assignment to save, findable. 34. Don’t Go Overboard With Text Effects. If every other word is bolded , italicized , or in ALL CAPS, at best, your resume will be distracting—at worst, annoying. Use emphasis sparingly, for your most important info.

35. Do Align Your Dates and entrance essay on writing Locations to the Right. This small change will make your resume way easier on Pay it assignment, the eyes. You should be able to make a “column” of dates and locations for each job by creating a right tab. 36. Don’t Use More Than Two Lines Per Bullet. This strategy will make your resume easier to Essay paper writing service uk, skim (which is good, because most hiring managers will spend less than 20 seconds reading it). Pay It Forward To Save! Again, cut it down to the most important information. Because 4 and 22% take less time to read than “four” and Religious homework ss peter “twenty-two percent.” Plus, using digits saves you space. 38. Don’t Send it as a Word Document.

Sending your resume off as a .doc file will most likely result in all of this careful formatting getting messed up when the recruiter opens the assignment file. Save your final version as a PDF to make sure everything stays just as is. 39. Do Swap Resumes With Colleagues. Look at how they describe their duties and the company. Chances are, you’ll get some inspiration for your own descriptions. Plus, having some fresh eyes look at dictionary dan mclaughlin your resume is assignment to save the world, always beneficial. Best College On Writing! Ask a few friends what about your resume makes an impact and what is boring, confusing, or too vague. Forward To Save The World! If the same things keep popping up, it’s probably time to edit. Rhetorical Essay! And proofread. Pay It Assignment The World! Multiple times.

For help, check out this editor’s guide to perfecting your resume. Remember rule number one on tailoring your resume? Well, creating a master resume that includes every position you’ve ever held will make that task much quicker. Religious Homework! You’ll never send your master resume to forward the world, anyone, so it doesn’t matter how long it is. Just write out each and every job experience you’ve ever had. With all of the possible corresponding bullet points. Best College 2014 My! Then, when it comes time to apply to a job, you can copy and forward paste the relevant sections of your master resume into a new document. Essay About Service Uk Best! Want to make sure you’re spending enough time on the right things in your resume? Run your resume through a word cloud generator like TagCrowd.

This will create an forward to save the world image representing the Parent's homework dictionary most frequent words, with the most common ones showing up larger and darker. With a quick glance, you’ll be able to see what terms employers will most associate with you—and whether you need to do some adjusting to Pay it forward, have the right message shine through. Photo of typewriter courtesy of Shutterstock. Aja Frost is Best college, a freelance writer specializing in business, tech, career advice, and productivity. Assignment To Save! Check out What rhetorical her website or say hi on Twitter.

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contrastive essay Literary Terms and Definitions: C. This page is under perpetual construction! It was last upda ted January 5, 2017. CACOPHONY (Greek, bad sound): The term in forward assignment the world, poetry refers to the use of education ss peter and paul words that combine sharp, harsh, hissing, or unmelodious sounds. It is the opposite of euphony . CADEL (Dutch cadel and/or French cadeau , meaning a gift; a little something extra): A small addition or extra item added to an initial letter. Common cadels include pen-drawn faces or grotesques. Examples include the faces appearing in assignment to save the world, the initial letters of the Lansdowne 851 manuscript of homework help and paul Chaucer's Canterbury Tales . CADENCE : The melodic pattern just before the end of a sentence or phrase--for instance an assignment to save the world interrogation or an exhortation. More generally, the natural rhythm of language depending on 2014 the position of stressed and unstressed syllables.

Cadence is a major component of Pay it assignment to save individual writers' styles. A cadence group is paper service cheap uk, a coherent group of words spoken as a single rhythmical unit, such as a prepositional phrase, of parting day or a noun phrase, our inalienable rights. CADENCE GROUP : See discussion under cadence . CAESURA (plural: caesurae ): A pause separating phrases within lines of poetry--an important part of poetic rhythm . The term caesura comes from the Latin a cutting or a slicing. Some editors will indicate a caesura by inserting a slash (/) in Pay it assignment to save, the middle of a poetic line. Others insert extra space in this location. Others do not indicate the caesura typographically at all. CALQUE : An expression formed by individually translating parts of a longer foreign expression and then combining them in a way that may or may not make literal sense in the new language. Algeo provides the example of the Religious education ss peter, English phrase trial balloon , which is a calque for the French ballon d'essai (Algeo 323).

CALLIGRAPHIC WORK : In medieval manuscripts, this is (as Kathleen Scott states), Decorative work, usually developing from or used to make up an important or introductory initial, or developing from ascenders at the top of the forward assignment to save the world, page and descenders at essay, the bottom of the justified text; a series of strokes made by holding a quill constant at one angle to forward assignment to save, produce broader and narrower lines, which in combination appear to overlap one another to form strap-work (Scott 370). CANCEL : A bibliographical term referring to a leaf which is What is a rhetorical uta, substituted for one removed by the printers because of an error. For instance, the first quarto of Pay it Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida has a title page existing in both cancelled and uncancelled states, leaving modern readers in some doubt as to whether the play should be considered a comedy, history, or tragedy. CANON (from Grk kanon , meaning reed or measuring rod): Canon has three general meanings. (1) An approved or traditional collection of homework dictionary dan mclaughlin works. Originally, the forward the world, term canon applied to the list of Best my books to Pay it assignment the world, be included as authentic biblical doctrine in the Hebrew and Christian Bible, as opposed to about uk best, apocryphal works (works of dubious, mysterious or uncertain origin). Click here for more information. (2) Today, literature students typically use the word canon to refer to those works in anthologies that have come to be considered standard or traditionally included in the classroom and published textbooks. In this sense, the canon denotes the entire body of literature traditionally thought to be suitable for admiration and study. Pay It Forward The World? (3) In addition, the word canon refers to the writings of an author that scholars generally accepted as genuine products of military service said author, such as the Pay it the world, Chaucer canon or the Essay paper, Shakespeare canon. Chaucer's canon includes The Canterbury Tales , for instance, but it does not include the apocryphal work, The Plowman's Tale, which has been mistakenly attributed to him in the past. Likewise, the Shakespearean canon has only two apocryphal plays ( Pericles and the Two Noble Kinsmen ) that have gained wide acceptance as authentic Shakespearean works beyond the Pay it to save the world, thirty-six plays contained in the First Folio. NB : Do not confuse the spelling of cannon (the big gun) with canon (the official collection of Parent's literary works).

The issue of Pay it forward assignment canonical literature is help, a thorny one. Pay It Forward To Save? Traditionally, those works considered canonical are typically restricted to dead white European male authors. Essay Military? Many modern critics and teachers argue that women, minorities, and assignment to save the world non-Western writers are left out of the literary canon unfairly. Essay About Service Uk Best? Additionally, the canon has always been determined in Pay it assignment, part by philosophical biases and political considerations. In response, some critics suggest we do away with a canon altogether, while others advocate enlarging or expanding the Best college essay my, existing canon to achieve a more representative sampling. CANTICLE : A hymn or religious song using words from any part of the Bible except the Pay it assignment, Psalms. CANTO : A sub-division of an epic or narrative poem comparable to a chapter in a novel. Examples include the divisions in Dante's Divine Comedy , Lord Byron's Childe Harold , or Spenser's Faerie Queene . Cf. fit . CANZONE : In general, the term has three meanings. (1) It refers generally to college entrance on writing, the words of a Provençal or Italian song. (2) More specifically, an Italian or Provençal song relating to love or the Pay it, praise of beauty is a canzone. (3) Poems in English that bear some similarity to Provençal lyrics are called canzones --such as Auden's unrhymed poem titled Canzone, which uses the end words of the first twelve-line stanza in each of the Essay service, following stanzas.

CAPTIVITY NARRATIVE : A narrative, usually autobiographical in origin, concerning colonials or settlers who are captured by Amerindian or aboriginal tribes and live among them for some time before gaining freedom. An example would be Mary Rowlandson's A Narrative of the Captivity and Restauration of Mrs. To Save The World? Mary Rowlandson , which details her Indian captivity among the Wampanoag tribe in the late seventeenth century. Contrast with escape literature and slave narrative . CARDINAL VIRTUES (also called the college essay 2014 my, Four Pagan Virtues ): In contrast to to save, the three spiritual or Christian virtues of fides (faith), spes (hope), and caritas (love) espoused in the New Testament, the four cardinal virtues consisted of prudence, temperance, fortitude, and Best college entrance justice. Theologians like Saint Augustine argued Christians alone monopolized faith in a true God, hope of a real afterlife, and the ability to love human beings not for Pay it assignment the world their own sake, but as a manifestation of God's creation. However, these early theologians argued that pagans could still be virtuous in help ss peter and paul, the cardinal virtues, the old values of the Roman Empire before the coming of Christianity. In Latin terminology, pagan Rome espoused the four cardinal virtues as follows:

The Latin four-fold classification--later adopted by Saint Augustine and Saint Thomas Aquinas--originates in Pay it assignment to save, much older Greek philosophy. In The Republic , Plato uses similar virtues as a way to dissect the roles different citizens would play in military service uk best, an ideal state. Cf. pietas . Cf. Seven Deadly Sins . CARET (Lat., it lacks): Also called a wedge , an Pay it to save the world up-arrow , or a hat , this editorial mark looks much the Greek letter lambda or an arrowhead pointing upwards. Here is an example: ^ . An editor will write a caret underneath a line of text to indicate that a word, letter, or punctuation mark needs insertion at the spot where the two lines converge. CARMEN : (Lat. song or poem): The generic Latin term for a song or poem--especially a love-song or love-poem. Service? After Ovid was banished to Tomis by the Emperor in the year 8 AD, he wrote that his crime was carmen et error (a song and a mistake). This has led some scholars to wonder if his scandalous poem The Ars Amatoria (The Art of Love) may have invoked the wrath of Emperor Augustus whose Julian Marian laws sought to curb adultery and illicit sexuality.

CARPE DIEM : Literally, the phrase is Latin for seize the day, from the world carpere (to pluck, harvest, or grab) and the accusative form of die (day). The term refers to a common moral or theme in classical literature that the reader should make the What is a rhetorical essay analysis uta, most out of Pay it forward life and should enjoy it before it ends. Poetry or literature that illustrates this moral is often called poetry or literature of the Best college essay, carpe diem tradition. Examples include Marvell's To His Coy Mistress, and Herrick's To the assignment to save the world, Virgins, to Best college entrance essay, Make Much of Time. Cf. Anacreontics , Roman Stoicism , Epicureanism , transitus mundi , and the ubi sunt motif. CASE : The inflectional form of a noun, pronoun, or (in some languages) adjective that shows how the word relates to the verb or to other nouns of the same clause. For instance, them is the objective case of they , and their is the possessive case of they . Common cases include the nominative, the accusative, the genitive, the dative, the ablative, the vocative, and the instrumental forms.

Patterns of Pay it assignment to save the world particular endings added to college essay 2014 my, words to indicate their case are called declensions . Click here for Pay it forward assignment to save expanded information. CASTE DIALECT : A dialect spoken by specific hereditary classes in Essay paper service uk, a society. Often the use of caste dialect marks the assignment the world, speaker as part of Religious and paul that particular class. For instance, a dalit or untouchable is the lowest caste in the Indian Hindu caste system while a brahmin is the highest caste. Although the to save the world, two groups may frequently share a common language, they each also have specialized vocabulary and Parent's homework dictionary dan mclaughlin speech mannerisms that to a native speaker may quickly advertise their social background. CATACHRESIS (Grk. misuse): A completely impossible figure of speech or an implied metaphor that results from combining other extreme figures of speech such as anthimeria , hyperbole , synaesthesia , and metonymy . The results in each case are so unique that it is hard to state a general figure of speech that embodies all of the possible results. It is far easier to give examples. For instance, Hamlet says of forward assignment to save Gertrude, I will speak daggers to Essay about military, her.

A man can speak words, but no one can literally speak daggers. In spite of that impossibility, readers know Shakespeare means Hamlet will address Gertrude in Pay it forward to save, a painful, contemptuous way. In pop music from the 1980s, the performer Meatloaf tells a disappointed lover, There ain't no Coup de Ville hiding the bottom of a crackerjack box. The image of a luxury car hidden as a prize in the bottom of Religious homework help a tiny cardboard candybox emphasizes how unlikely or impossible it is his hopeful lover will find such a fantastic treasure in someone as cheap, common, and unworthy as the Pay it forward assignment, speaker in these lyrics. Sometimes the catachresis results from Best college essay 2014 stacking one impossibility on top of another. Consider these examples: There existed a void inside that void within his mind. Joe will have kittens when he hears this! I will sing victories for you. A man that studies revenge keeps his own wounds green.--Bacon I do not ask much: / I beg cold comfort. --Shakespeare, ( King John 5.7.41) His complexion is perfect gallows--Shakespeare, ( Tempest 1.1.33) And that White Sustenance--Despair--Dickinson The Oriel Common Room stank of logic --Cardinal Newman O, I could lose all Father now--Ben Jonson, on to save the world the death of his seven-year old son. College Essay 2014? The voice of your eyes is deeper than all roses --e.e. cummings.

For a more recent example, consider the disturbingly cheerful pop song by Foster the People, Pumped Up Kicks, which deals with a school shooting. Here, the assignment the world, shooter/narrator thinks, I've waited for a long time. Yeah, the sleight of dictionary my hand is Pay it the world, now a quick-pull trigger. / I reason with my cigarette. One can reason with induction or deduction, but how does one reason with a cigarette? Here, the catachresis might evoke the idea of the cool kid using personal style instead of a persuasive argument, or it might evoke the imagery of torture--burning victims with a cigarette-butt to make one's point. This sort of evocative, almost nonsensical language is the heart of dan mclaughlin good catachresis. Other examples, in The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien uses catachresis to describe Legolas's disgusted outburst at encountering an Orc by Pay it forward assignment the world asserting, 'Yrch!' siad Legolas, falling into his own tongue.' One call fall into What rhetorical essay analysis, a pool of water or fall into a bed, but how does one fall into a language? As Milton so elegantly phrased it, catachresis is all about blind mouths. Pay It Assignment? Such catachresis often results from hyperbole and synaesthesia . A special subtype of catachresis is abusio , a mixed metaphor that results when two metaphors collide. For instance, one U. S. senator learned of an What analysis uta unlikely political alliance. He is said to have exclaimed, Now that is a horse of a different feather.

This abusio is the result of two metaphors. The first is the cliché metaphor comparing anything unusual to a horse of a different color. The second is the proverbial metaphor about how birds of a feather flock together. However, by taking the two dead metaphors and combining them, the Pay it to save, resulting image of a horse of education a different feather truly emphasizes how bizarre and unlikely the resulting political alliance was. Forward Assignment To Save? Intentionally or not, the senator created an ungainly, unnatural animal that reflects the ungainly, unnatural coalition he condemned. Purists of languages often scrowl at abusio with good reason. Too commonly abusio is the result of sloppy writing, such as the history student who wrote the dreadful hand of totalitarianism watches all that goes on around it and growls at Essay writing cheap, its enemies. (It would have been better to stick with a single metaphor and state the eye of totalitarianism watches all that goes on around it and glares at its enemies. We should leave out the mixed imagery of watchful hands growling at people; it's just stupid and inconsistent.) However, when used intentionally for a subtle effect, abusio and catachresis can be powerful tools for originality. CATALECTIC : In poetry, a catalectic line is a truncated line in which one or more unstressed syllables have been dropped, especially in the final metrical foot. For instance, acephalous or headless lines are catalectic, containing one fewer syllable than would be normal for the line. For instance, Babette Deutsche notes the second line in Pay it to save the world, this couplet from A. Paper Writing Service Cheap Uk? E. Housman is catalectic:

And if my ways are not as theirs, Let them mind their own affairs. On the other hand, in trochaic verse, the final syllable tends to be the truncated one, as Deutsche notes about the first two lines of assignment to save Shelley's stanza: Music, when soft voices die, Vibrates in the memory-- Odours, when sweet violets sicken,

Live within the senses they quicken. The term catalectic contrasts with an acatalectic line, which refers to Best college 2014 my, a normal line of poetry containing the expected number of syllables in forward, each line, or a hypercatalectic line, which has one or more extra syllables than would normally be expected. CATALEXIS : Truncation of a poetic line--i.e., in poetry, a catalectic line is shortened or truncated so that unstressed syllables drop from Essay service uk best a line. The act of such truncation is called catalexis. If catalexis occurs at Pay it the world, the start of a line, that line is said to be acephalous or headless.

See catalectic . CATALOGING : Creating long lists for poetic or rhetorical effect. The technique is common in epic literature, where conventionally the Parent's homework, poet would devise long lists of famous princes, aristocrats, warriors, and mythic heroes to be lined up in battle and slaughtered. The technique is Pay it forward, also common in Parent's homework, the practice of giving illustrious genealogies (and so-and-so begat so-and-so, or x, son of Pay it forward y, son of z etc.) for famous individuals. An example in American literature is Whitman's multi-page catalog of American types in section 15 of Song of homework Myself. An excerpt appears below: The pure contralto sings in the organ loft, The carpenter dresses his plank, the tongue of his foreplane whistles its wild ascending lisp, The married and unmarried children ride home to their Thanksgiving dinner, The pilot seizes the king-pin, he heaves down with a strong arm, The mate stands braced in the whale-boat, lance and harpoon are ready, The duck-shooter walks by silent and cautious stretches,

The deacons are ordained with crossed hands at the altar, The spinning-girl retreats and advances to the hum of the big wheel, The farmer stops by the bars as he walks on a First-day loaf and looks at the oats and Pay it rye, The lunatic is carried at last to the asylum a confirmed case. About Uk Best? [etc.] One of the more humorous examples of cataloging appears in the Welsh Mabinogion . Pay It Assignment To Save The World? In one tale, Culhwch and Olwen, the protagonist invokes in an oath all the names of King Arthur's companion-warriors, giving lists of their unusual attributes or abilities running to six pages.

CATASTROPHE : The turning downward of the plot in a classical tragedy. By tradition, the catastrophe occurs in Best essay 2014, the fourth act of the play after the the world, climax. (See tragedy .) Freytag's pyramid illustrates visually the What is a, normal charting of the catastrophe in a plotline. CATCH : A lyric poem or song meant to be sung as a round, with the words arranged in each line so that the audience will hear a hidden (often humorous or ribald) message as the groups of assignment singers sing their separate lyrics and space out the wording of the poem. For example, one might write a song in Essay writing cheap, which the first line contained the words up, the word look appears in the middle of the Pay it to save, third line, the Best college entrance on writing, word dress appears in the second line, and the word her appears in forward to save, the middle of the college, fourth line. When the song or poem is sung as a round by Pay it the world four groups of singers, the Religious education homework help ss peter, word order and timing is arranged so that the singers create the forward to save the world, hidden phrase look up her dress as they sing, to the amusement of the audience as they listen to college essay, an otherwise innocent set of lyrics. Forward? Robert Herrick's To the Virgins, to Best 2014, Make Much of Time is an example of a catch, and when William Lawes adapted the poem to music for Milton's masque Comus , it became one of the Pay it forward assignment, most popular drinking songs of the 1600s (Damrosche 844-45). CATCHWORD : This phrase comes from printing; it refers to homework help ss peter and paul, a trick printers would use to keep pages in their proper order. The printer would print a specific word below the text at the bottom of Pay it the world a page. This word would match the first word on the next page. A printer could thus check the order by flipping quickly from one page to the next and making sure the catchword matched appropriately. This trick has been valuable to modern codicologists because it allows us to note missing pages that have been lost, misplaced, or censored.

CATHARSIS : An emotional discharge that brings about a moral or spiritual renewal or welcome relief from Best college essay on writing tension and anxiety. According to assignment to save the world, Aristotle, catharsis is the marking feature and ultimate end of any tragic artistic work. He writes in his Poetics (c. 350 BCE): Tragedy is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and What rhetorical of a certain magnitude; . . . through pity [ eleos ] and fear [ phobos ] effecting the Pay it forward, proper purgation [ catharsis ] of these emotions (Book 6.2). (See tragedy .) Click here to download a pdf handout concerning this material. CAVALIER : A follower of Charles I of England (ruled c. 1625-49) in his struggles with the Puritan-dominated parliament. The term is used in contrast with Roundheads , his Puritan opponents. Cavaliers were primarily wealthy aristocrats and homework ss peter and paul courtiers.

They were famous for assignment their long hair, fancy clothing, licentious or hedonistic behavior, and their support of the arts. See Cavalier drama and Cavalier poets , below. Ultimately, Cromwell led the Parent's homework dan mclaughlin, Roundheads in a coup d'état and established a Puritan dictatorship in England, leading to the end of the English Renaissance and its artistic, scientific, and cultural achievements. To see where Charles' reign fits in English history, you can download this PDF handout listing the reigns of assignment English monarchs chronologically. CAVALIER DRAMA : A form of homework English drama comprising court plays that the Queen gave patronage to in the 1630s. Most critics have been underimpressed with these plays, given that they are mostly unoriginal and written in a ponderous style. The Puritan coup d'état and the later execution of King Charles mercifully terminated the dramatic period, but unfortunately also ended their poetry, which was quite good in comparison. CAVALIER POETS : A group of Cavalier English lyric poets who supported King Charles I and wrote during his reign and who opposed the Puritans, his political enemies. The major Cavalier poets included Carew, Waller, Lovelace, Sir John Suckling, and Herrick. They largely abandoned the Pay it forward the world, sonnet form favored for a century earlier, but they still focused on Best my the themes of love and sensuality and Pay it forward assignment their work illustrates technical virtuosity as J. A. Cuddon put it (125). Parent's Homework Dictionary Dan Mclaughlin? They show strong signs of Ben Jonson's influence.

CAVE, THE : Not to be confused with Plato's allegorical cave , this term is a nickname for a gathering of to save Tolkien and fellow Oxford English scholars in the 1930s before the Inklings formed. As Drout's J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia summarizes the details, the name comes from Essay about military service uk best I Samuel 22:1-2, where the Cave of forward the world Adullam became the place for David's conpiracies against King Saul, possibly implying that the members of the Cave at Oxford saw themselves as righteously subversive of the academic establishment. Members of the Cave included C.S. Lewis, J.R.R. Tolkien, Neville Coghill, Hugh Dyson, and Cleanth Brooks. They were distinguished scholars of various fields. Eventually, in 1933, C.S. Lewis's brother Warnie retired to Oxford after a bout with alcoholism and on writing could not regularly make meetings at the Cave. C.S.

Lewis took it upon himself to raid the Cave for similarly-minded scholars to become a part of the new Inklings group (Lobdell cited in Drout 88). Cf. Inklings and Cave, Plato's below. CAVE, PLATO'S : In Plato's Republic , Socrates, Plato, and several of their fellows debate the nature of ideal government. In the section on education in this ideal Republic, they argue about the purpose of education. As part of assignment to save the world Socrates' argument, the college entrance, discussion veers into an allegory in which human existence is being trapped in a cave of ignorance, chained in place and unable to view anything except shadows cast on the wall.

Some of those shadows are vague outlines of actual unseen truths beyond the perception of the senses; others are false images deliberately designed to mislead the cave-dwellers, keeping them content and unquestioning. The purpose of forward assignment to save education becomes freeing the Essay about military, imprisoned human and forcing him to leave the cave, to look at Pay it assignment the world, the actual objects that make the shadows. Cf. Platonic Forms . While reading Plato's cave as an allegory of education is Religious education homework ss peter, a common interpretation, some philosophers (especially medieval readers) often took a more mystical approach to the Greek text, interpreting the cave as the material or physical world, while the shadows were mere outline of a greater spiritual truths--hidden and eternal beyond the physical world. Pay It? C. S. Lewis coopts this idea in Parent's dictionary, The Last Battle , in which the characters discover after death that Narnia has merely been a crude approximation of heaven, and the further they travel in the onion ring, the larger and more beautiful and more true the assignment to save, inner rings become. CELLERAGE : The hollow area beneath a Renaissance stage--known in Religious ss peter, Renaissance slang as hell and entered through a trapdoor called a hellmouth . The voice of the ghost comes from Pay it forward the world this area in Religious homework help, Hamlet , which has led to scholarly discussion concerning whether or not the forward assignment, ghost is really Hamlet's father or a demon in writing uk, disguise. CELTIC : A branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Celtic includes Welsh and Breton. Celtic languages are geographically linked to western Europe, and they come in two general flavors, goidelic (or Q-celtic) and forward assignment the world brythonic (or P-celtic).

CELTIC REVIVAL : A literary movement involving increased interest in Welsh, Scottish, and Irish culture, myths, legends, and literature. It began in the late 1700s and continues to this day. Thomas Gray's Pindaric ode The Bard (1757) and Ieuan Brydydd's publication of Some Specimens of the Best, Poetry of the Ancient Welsh Bards (1764) mark its emergence, and Charlotte Guest's translation of The Mabinogion in 1839 marks its continued rise. Matthew Arnold's lectures on Celtic literature at Oxford helped promote the foundation of a Chair of Celtic at Pay it to save, that school in 1877. The Celtic Revival influenced Thomas Love Peacock, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Gerard Manley Hopkins, and W. B. Uk Best? Yeats, and probably led to the creation of the Abbey Theatre . A continuing part of the Celtic Revival is the Irish Literary Renaissance , a surge of the world extraordinary Irish talent in the late nineteenth and twentieth century including Bram Stoker, James Joyce, William Butler Yeats, Samuel Beckett, George Bernard Shaw, and Seamus Heaney. CENOTAPH : A carving on a tombstone or monument, often in the form of a verse poem, biblical passage, or literary allusion appearing after the deceased individual's name and service date of birth/death.

Often used synonymously with epitaph . CENSORSHIP : The act of hiding, removing, altering or destroying copies of art or writing so that general public access to it is partially or completely limited. Contrast with bowdlerization. Pay It The World? Click here to download a PDF handout discussing censorship in great detail. The term originates in about military service uk best, an occupational position in the Roman government. After the fifth century BCE, Rome commissioned censors. These censors at first were limited to conducting the census for tax estimations, but in latter times, their job was to impose moral standards for Pay it assignment to save citizenship, including the removal of unsavory literature.

See also the Censorship Ordinance of 1559 and college 2014 my the Profanity Act of 1606 . CENSORSHIP ORDINANCE OF 1559 : This law under Queen Elizabeth required the political censorship of the world public plays and all printed materials in Essay paper writing uk, matters of assignment to save the world religion and the government. The Master of Revels was appointed to Best college my, monitor and control such material. All of Shakespeare's early works were written under this act. We can see signs of alteration in to save the world, his early works to conform to the requirements of the censors. Contrast with the Profanity Act of 1606 . CENTAUR MYTH : In mythology and literary use, a common motif is the centaur (a hybrid of horse-body with a human torso where the horse's head would be). This mythic creature has gone through a number of allegorical transformations in different literary periods. What Rhetorical Analysis Uta? In classical Greek artwork and literature, centaurs were associated with sex and violence. Forward Assignment To Save The World? Their lineage traces them to Centaurus, the Best essay 2014 my, twin brother of King Lapithes. Both Centaurus and Pay it assignment to save the world Lapithes were the offspring of homework dictionary Apollo and a river nymph named Stilbe. Stilbe gave birth to Pay it to save the world, twins, with the elder Lapithes being strong, brave and Parent's homework handsome, but the forward, younger twin Centaurus was ugly, brutish, and deformed.

Unable to find a woman willing to Parent's homework, marry him, Centaurus engaged in bestiality with mares, who in turn gave birth to half-human, half-horse hybrids that terrorized the land, becoming the first centaurs. Many Greek temples such as the Parthenon included a prominent carved scene called a centauromachia , which depicted the battle between Pirithous, a later king of the Lapith tribe, as he battled with centaurs who party-crashed his wedding and attempted to abduct the bride and bridesmaids. The scene was also popular in Pay it assignment, Greek pottery and wall-painting, and essay it helped cement the Greek idea that centaurs were generally loutish creatures symbolizing bestial natures--especially the lower passions of Pay it forward assignment the world gluttony, rapine, and sexuality. Only a few exceptions (such as Chiron) were exceptions to this rule, and Greek heroes like Hercules spent a great deal of time beating up centaurs who sought to help and paul, kidnap their wives and lovers. Later, medieval bestiaries revisited and the world Christianized the centaur myth. One medieval bestiary/commentary used centaurs as symbols of Best hypocrisy. After pews gradually become common in late medieval churches near the turn of the Renaissance, such bestiaries depicted the centaur as standing in a pew so that only the human-looking upper half of the body was visible while the lower animal half was unseen. The commentators stated that even thus wicked people in churches would look virtuous in their public appearance, but their truly monstrous nature would remain concealed. By the Enlightenment, pastoral artwork and paintings tended to depict centaurs more as frolicking, playful creatures--erasing earlier overtones of rape and evil, and by the late 19th-century, fantasy writers at Pay it forward assignment to save, the time of George MacDonald rehabilitated them, making them deuteragonists and tritagonists that heroes would encounter on their quests. Among the Inklings of the Essay paper writing service uk, 1940s, C.S.

Lewis in to save the world, particular become fascinated with idealizing centaurs as noble creatures and Essay paper writing cheap developed them into a private symbol for Pay it assignment to save the world spiritual and bodily perfection. Lewis saw the upward human half of a centaur as being an emblem of reason and nobility, and the lower half being an Best college entrance essay on writing emblem of Pay it to save the world natural biological or animal passions. Thus, the centaur became his emblem for the healthy union of the material body and the intellectual/spiritual domains--an organism as God intended humans to be before the fall, or the perfect amalgamation of the chariot-driver, chariot, and military service uk best horses in the allegory of the charioteer that Plato retells in Phaedrus . CENTUM LANGUAGE : One of the Pay it forward assignment, two main branches of Indo-European languages. These centum languages are generally associated with western Indo-European languages and they often have a hard palatal /k/ sound rather than the sibilant sound found in equivalent satem words. Best College Essay? See discussion under Indo-European . CHAIN OF BEING : An elaborate cosmological model of the universe common in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The Great Chain of Being was a permanently fixed hierarchy with the Judeo-Christian God at the top of the chain and inanimate objects like stones and mud at the bottom. Intermediate beings and objects, such as angels, humans, animals, and plants, were arrayed in descending order of intelligence, authority, and capability between these two extremes. The Chain of Being was seen as designed by God.

The idea of the forward assignment to save, Chain of Being resonates in art, politics, literature, cosmology, theology, and philosophy throughout the Middle Ages and Renaissance. It takes on particular complexity because different parts of the about service uk best, Chain were thought to correspond to each other. (See correspondences .) Click here for more information. CHANSON (French song): A love-song or French love-poem, especially one the Provençal troubadour poets created or performed. Conventionally, the chanson has five or six stanzas, all of identical structure, and an envoi or a tornada at the end. Assignment? They were usually dedicated or devoted to a lady or a mistress in the courtly love tradition. CHANSON DE GESTE (French, song of deeds): These chansons are lengthy Old French poems written between the eleventh and fourteenth centuries glorifying Carolingian noblemen and their feudal lords. The chansons de geste combine history and legend . They focus on religious aspects of Religious homework and paul chivalry rather than courtly love or the knightly quests so common in Pay it, the chivalric romance . Typical subject-matter involves (1) internal wars and intrigue among noble factions (2) external conflict with Saracens, and (3) rebellious vassals who rise up against their lords in acts of betrayal. Typical poetic structure involves ten-syllable lines marked by assonance and stanzas of varying length. The chansons de geste are in many ways comparable to epics . Over eighty texts survive, but The Song of Roland is by far the most popular today. CHANSON À PERSONNAGES (French, song to military service, people): Old French songs or poems in dialogue form.

Common subjects include quarrels between husbands and Pay it forward assignment wives, meetings between a lone knight and Essay about service a comely shepherdess, or romantic exchanges between lovers leaving each other in the morning. See aubade . CHARACTER : Any representation of an individual being presented in a dramatic or narrative work through extended dramatic or verbal representation. The reader can interpret characters as endowed with moral and dispositional qualities expressed in what they say ( dialogue ) and what they do ( action ). E. M. Forster describes characters as flat (i.e., built around a single idea or quality and unchanging over the course of the narrative) or round (complex in temperament and motivation; drawn with subtlety; capable of growth and change during the course of the narrative). The main character of a work of a fiction is typically called the protagonist ; the forward to save the world, character against Essay service, whom the forward assignment, protagonist struggles or contends (if there is college on writing, one), is the antagonist . If a single secondary character aids the protagonist throughout the narrative, that character is the deuteragonist (the hero's side-kick). A character of tertiary importance is a tritagonist . These terms originate in classical Greek drama, in to save the world, which a tenor would be assigned the role of protagonist, a baritone the role of deuteragonist, and Essay about uk best a bass would play the the world, tritagonist. Compare flat characters with stock characters . CHARACTERIZATION : An author or poet's use of description, dialogue, dialect, and What is a rhetorical analysis action to create in the reader an emotional or intellectual reaction to a character or to Pay it forward assignment the world, make the character more vivid and realistic. Careful readers note each character's attitude and thoughts, actions and reaction, as well as any language that reveals geographic, social, or cultural background. CHARACTONYM : An evocative or symbolic name given to Best college essay on writing, a character that conveys his or her inner psychology or allegorical nature. For instance, Shakespeare has a prostitute named Doll Tearsheet and a moody young man named Mercutio . Forward Assignment To Save? Steinbeck has the sweet-natured Candy in Of Mice and Men . Spenser has a lawless knight named Sansloy (French, without law) and college essay on writing an arrogant giant named Orgoglio (Italian, pride). On a more physical level, Rabelais might name a giant Gargantua or C.S. Lewis might call his talking lion Aslan (Turkish for lion).

These names are all simple charactonyms. Cf. eponym . CHASTUSHKA (plur. chastushki ): In 19th-century Russian literature, a short song, usually of four lines--usually epigrammatic and humorous and nature, commonly focusing on topics such as love and commonly associated with young artists. Chastushki on political topics became more common in the 20th century. Pay It To Save? Most modern examples rhyme and use regular trochaic meter, though in the oldest examples, these features are less regular, with cadences that are feminine or dactylic (Harkins 121). CHAUCERISM : In the Renaissance, experimental revivals and new word formations that were consciously designed to imitate the sounds, the Essay paper, feel, and Pay it assignment verbal patterns from an older century--a verbal or grammatical anachronism . Spenser uses many Chaucerisms in Essay writing service uk, The Fairie Queene . CHEKE SYSTEM : As summarized by Baugh, a proposed method for indicating long vowels and standardizing spelling first suggested by Sir John Cheke in Renaissance orthography. Cheke would double vowels to forward the world, indicate a long sound. For instance, mate would be spelled maat , lake would be spelled laak , and so on. Silent e 's would be removed, and the letter y would be abolished and an i used in its place (Baugh 209). It did not catch on.

CHIASMUS (from Greek, cross or x): A literary scheme in which the author introduces words or concepts in Religious homework, a particular order, then later repeats those terms or similar ones in reversed or backwards order. It involves taking parallelism and deliberately turning it inside out, creating a crisscross pattern. For example, consider the chiasmus that follows: By day the frolic, and the dance by night . The World? If we draw the words as a chart, the words form an x (hence the word's Greek etymology, from chi meaning x): The sequence is typically a b b a or a b c c b a . I lead the life I love ; I love the life I lead . Naked I rose from the earth ; to the grave I fall clothed . Biblical examples in Best my, the Greek can be found in Philippians 1:15-17 and Colossians 3:11, though the artistry is often lost in English translation. Chiasmus often overlaps with antimetabole . CHICANO / CHICANA LITERATURE : Twentieth- and assignment twenty-first-century writings and poetry by Mexican-American immigrants or their children--usually in military uk best, English with short sections or phrases in Spanish. An example would be Sandra Cisneros' writings, such as The House on Mango Street or My Wicked Wicked Ways . Following the grammatical conventions for gender in Spanish, the adjective Chicano takes an Pay it forward the world -o suffix in paper service uk, reference to male authors and an -a suffix in reference to female authors. Pay It Forward Assignment To Save The World? Cf. Latino Writing . CHIVALRY : An idealized code of military and social behavior for the aristocracy in the late medieval period. The word chivalry comes from Old French cheval (horse), and chivalry literally means horsemanship. Normally, only rich nobility could afford the expensive armor, weaponry, and warhorses necessary for mounted combat, so the act of is a rhetorical essay becoming a knight was symbolically indicated by giving the knight silver spurs. The right to knighthood in the late medieval period was inherited through the father, but it could also be granted by the king or a lord as a reward for Pay it the world services.

The tenets of chivalry attempted to civilize the brutal activity of warfare. The chivalric ideals involve sparing non-combatants such as women, children, and helpless prisoners; the protection of the church; honesty in word and bravery in deeds; loyalty to one's liege; dignified behavior; and single-combat between noble opponents who had a quarrel. Other matters associated with chivalry include gentlemanly contests in arms supervised by witnesses and heralds, behaving according to the manners of polite society, courtly love , brotherhood in arm s , and Essay military service feudalism . Pay It To Save? See knight for additional information. This code became of great popular interest to British readers in What is a rhetorical essay analysis, the 1800s, leading to a surge of Pay it to save the world historical novels, poems, and paintings dealing with medieval matters. Examples of this nineteenth-century fascination include the Pre-Raphaelite Movement , William Morris's revival of college entrance medieval handcrafts, Scott's novels such as Ivanhoe , and the earnestly sympathetic (though unrealistic) depiction of knighthood in Pay it forward assignment to save the world, Tennyson's Idylls of the Essay about military service, King . In Tennyson's poem Guinevere , King Arthur describes the ideals of Pay it forward assignment to save knighthood thus:

I made them lay their hands in mine and swear. To reverence the King, as if he were. Their conscience, and their conscience as their King. To break the about military uk best, heathen and uphold the Christ, To ride abroad redressing human wrongs, To speak no slander, no, nor listen to it, To honor his own word as if his God's, To lead sweet lives in purest chastity, To love one maiden only, cleave to her, And worship her by years of noble deeds, Until they won her.

For the best modern scholarly discussion of chivalry as a historic reality in the Middle Ages, read Maurice H. Keen's Chivalry (Yale University Press, 1984). CHORAGOS (often Latinized as choragus ): A sponsor or patron of a play in classical Greece. Often this sponsor was honored by Pay it assignment to save serving as the leader of the chorus (see below). CHORIC FIGURE : Any character in any type of narrative literature that serves the same purpose as a chorus in drama by remaining detached from the main action and commenting upon or explaining this action to the audience. See chorus , below. CHORUS : (1) A group of Best college entrance singers who stand alongside or off stage from the principal performers in a dramatic or musical performance. (2) The song or refrain that this group of singers sings. Pay It Forward? In ancient Greece, the chorus was originally a group of homework dictionary male singers and dancers ( choreuti ) who participated in religious festivals and dramatic performances by singing commenting on the deeds of the characters and interpreting the significance of the events within the play. This group contrasts with the actors (Greek hypocrites ). Pay It Forward The World? Shakespeare alters the traditional chorus by replacing the singers with a single figure--often allegorical in nature. For instance, Time comes on stage in The Winter's Tale to explain the Best college entrance essay, passing years. Likewise, Rumor appears in Henry IV, Part Two to summarize the gossip about Prince Hal. See also choragos and choric figure , above.

CHRISTIAN NOVEL : A novel that focuses on Christianity, evangelism, or conversion stories. Sometimes the plots are overtly focused on this theme, but others are primarily allegorical or symbolic. Traditionally, most literary critics have rated these works as being of lower literary quality than the canon of great novels in assignment the world, Western civilization. Examples include Bodie Thoen's In My Father's House , Catherine Marshall's Christy , Par Lagerkvist's Barabbas , Henryk Sienkiewicz's Quo Vadis , and Lloyd C. Essay About Military Uk Best? Douglas's The Robe . CHRISTOLOGICAL FIGURE : In theology, Christology is the study of Jesus' nature, i.e., whether Christ had both a human and Pay it forward to save divine nature, whether he had one sentient will alone or one human will and one divine will, whether he was theoretically capable of sin like humanity or perfectly righteous like the other persons in the trinity, whether he shared in Best essay 2014 my, the Father's omniscience or suffered from Pay it assignment to save the world human afflictions like doubt or ignorance, whether he existed or not before his biological birth, whether he was equal in authority and power to the other persons in the trinity, and whether he actually had a physical body (the orthodox view) or was composed entirely of spirit (the Arian view). In literary studies, the term christological has been commandeered to refer to (1) an object, person, or figure that represents Christ allegorically or symbolically, or (2) any similar object, person, or figure with qualities generally reminiscent of Christ. Examples of Essay paper writing service uk christological figures include the forward assignment, Old Man in Parent's, Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea , who after his struggle with the fish ends up bleeding from his palms and lying on the floor in a cruciform pattern; the Pay it forward, lion Aslan in C. Entrance? S. Lewis's The Chronicles of the world Narnia , who allows himself like the lion of the tribe of Judah to be slain in order to redeem a traitorous child; and the unicorn in medieval bestiaries, which would lie down and place its phallic , ivory-horned meekly in a maiden's lap so that hunters might kill it--which medieval monks interpreted as an allegory of Christ allowing himself to enter the womb of the virgin Mary so that he might later be sacrificed. My? Zora Neale Hurston creates a christ-figure in forward assignment to save, Delia Jones, who in the short story Sweat suffers to support her ungrateful husband and crawled over the earth in Gethsemane and up the rocks of Calvary many, many times . . . and so on. CHRONICLE : A history or a record of events. It refers to any systematic account or narration of events that makes minimal attempt to interpret, question, or analyze that history.

Because of this, chronicles often contain large amounts of folklore or other word-of-mouth legends the service uk, writer has heard. In biblical literature, the book of Chronicles is Pay it the world, one example of a chronicle. Medieval chronicles include Joinville's account of the Crusades and Geoffrey of Monmouth's History of the Kings of Religious education homework ss peter Britain , a source for much Arthurian legend. In the Renaissance , Raphael Holinshed, Edward Hall, and other chroniclers influenced Shakespeare. Pay It Assignment To Save The World? Chronicles were popular in England after the Essay paper service cheap, British defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588. Pay It Forward The World? The accompanying patriotic fervor increased the essay, public's demand for plays about Pay it the world, English history. If Chronicles are written in the form of annual entries, they are also called annals . See also lepotis . CHRONOLOGICAL SNOBBERY : C. Writing Uk? S. Lewis's term for what he describes as the uncritical acceptance of . . . the assumption that whatever has gone out of date is on Pay it forward assignment to save that account discredited, i.e., the unthinking belief that past ideas or literature are obsolete and that current or present ideas are superior to them, the myth that all change is beneficial progress.

Lewis initially felt torn between his love of medieval literature and the sense that it made him a dinosaur out of touch with the 20th century, and he felt depressed to think the about military, fictions of the past as beautiful lies. In a fierce philosophical debate ( The Great War ) with Owen Barfield, Barfield convinced him that such a view was wrong, and Pay it forward assignment the world Lewis states Barfield made short work of essay 2014 my chronological snobbery (qtd. in Duriez 45). CHRONOLOGY (Greek: logic of time): The order in which events happen, especially when emphasizing a cause-effect relationship in history or in Pay it, a narrative. CHTHONIC : Related to the dead, the about military uk best, grave, the underworld, or the fertility of the earth. In Greek mythology, the Pay it forward to save, Greeks venerated three categories of Best essay my spirits: (1) the Olympian gods, who were worshipped in public ceremonies--often outdoors on the east side of forward assignment large columned temples in the agora , (2) ancestral heroes like Theseus and Hercules, who were often worshipped only in local shrines or at specific burial mounds, (3) chthonic spirits, which included (a) earth-gods and death-gods like Hades, Hecate, and Parent's homework dictionary dan mclaughlin Persephone; (b) lesser-known (and often nameless) spirits of the departed; (c) dark and bloody spirits of vengeance like the Furies and Nemesis, and (d) (especially in Minoan tradition) serpents, which were revered as intermediaries between the surface world of the living and the subterranean realm of the dead. This is why snakes were so prominent in the healing cults of Aesclepius. It became common in Pay it assignment to save the world, Greek to speak of the Olympian in contrast to the cthonioi (those belonging to the earth).

See Burkert 199-203 for detailed discussion. CHURCH SUMMONER : Medieval law courts were divided into civil courts that tried public offenses and ecclesiastical courts that tried offenses against the church. Summoners were minor church officials whose duties included summoning offenders to appear before the Essay service cheap, church and receive sentence. By the fourteenth century, the job became synonymous with extortion and corruption because many summoners would take bribes from the individuals summoned to court. Chaucer satirized a summoner in Pay it forward assignment to save, The Canterbury Tales . CINQUAIN : A five-line stanza with varied meter and rhyme scheme, possibly of What is a rhetorical analysis uta medieval origin but definitely influenced after 1909 by Japanese poetic forms such as the tanka . Most modern cinquains are now based on the form standardized by an American poet, Adelaide Crapsey (1878-1918), in which each unrhymed line has a fixed number of forward assignment to save syllables--respectively two, four, six, eight, and two syllables in each line--for a rigid total of 22 syllables. Here is probably the most famous example of a cinquain from college on writing Crapsey's The Complete Poems ; Three silent things: The falling snow. the hour. Before the dawn. the mouth of one. Perhaps under the influence of forward assignment to save the world diamante poems, many modern elementary school teachers have begun adding an education homework help additional set of conventions to the cinquain in which each line has a specific structural requirement:

Line 1 - Consists of the two-syllable title or subject for the poem. Line 2 - Consists of two adjectives totaling four syllables describing the subject or title. Line 3 - Consists of three verbs totaling six syllables describing the subject's actions. Line 4 - Consists of four words totaling eight syllables giving the writer's opinion of the subject. Line 5 - Consists of Pay it assignment to save one two-syllable word, often a synonym for the subject. These secondary conventions, however, are usually limited to children's poetic exercises, and professional poets do not generally follow these conventions. CIRCULAR STRUCTURE : A type of artistic structure in which a sense of completeness or closure does not originate in Essay about service, coming to a conclusion that breaks with the earlier story; instead, the Pay it to save the world, sense of closure originates in the way the end of a piece returns to subject-matter, wording, or phrasing found at cheap, the beginning of the narrative, play, or poem. An example of circular structure might be The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, which ends with an forward to save ellipsis identical to the opening sequence, indicating that the college, middle-aged protagonist is engaging in the world, yet another escapist fantasy.

Leigh Hunt's poem Jenny Kissed Me is an homework example of a circularly-structured poem, since it ends with the same words that open the speaker's ecstatic, gossipy report. Langdon Smith's poem Evolution is circular in its concluding repetition of the opening phrase, When you were a tadpole, and Pay it forward assignment I was a fish, but it is also thematically circular, in that it implies the cycle of reincarnated love will continue again and again in spite of death. In many ways, the smaller tales within a larger frame narrative act as part of a circular structure, because each small tale begins by breaking the reader away from the larger, encompassing narrative and concludes by returning the reader to that larger frame-narrative. CITY DIONYSIA : See discussion under dionysia . CIVIC CRITICS : A school of 19th-century Russian literary scholars who judged the value of writing primarily by its political context and progressive ideas. They commonly wrote in oposition to the aesthetic theories of the Parnassian Poets (Harkins 55). Example critics include Belinski (active in the 1840s), Dobrolyubov, and Chernyshevski.

CLANG ASSOCIATION : A semantic change caused because one word sounds similar to another. For instance, the word fruition in Middle English meant enjoyment. In Modern English, its meaning has changed to completion because it sounds like the word fruit --hence the idea of ripeness, of growing to full size, as Algeo notes (314). CLASSICAL : The term in Western culture is about military service, usually used in reference to the art, architecture, drama, philosophy, literature, and history surrounding the Greeks and Romans between 1000 BCE and forward 410 BCE. Works created during the Greco-Roman period are often called classics . Essay About Service Uk Best? The Golden Age of Classical Greek culture is Pay it forward assignment to save, commonly held to be the fifth century BCE (especially 450-410 BCE).

The term can be applied more generally to any ancient and Religious homework help and paul revered writing or artwork from a specific culture; thus we refer to Classical Chinese, Classical Hebrew, and Classical Arabic works. For extended discussion, click here. To download a PDF handout placing the periods of literary history in order, click here. CLASSICAL HAIKU : Another term for forward assignment the world the hokku , the predecessor of the What essay analysis uta, modern haiku . See hokku and haiku . CLAUSE : In grammatical terminology, a clause is any word-construction containing a nominative and a predicate, i.e., a subject doing a verb. The term clause contrasts with the term phrase . A phrase might contain nouns as appositives or objects, and it might contain verb-like words in forward, the form of participles or gerunds, but it crucially lacks a subject doing a verb. Parent's Homework Dictionary? For example, consider this sentence: Joe left the assignment to save, building after seeing his romantic rival. Clause : Joe left the building.

Phrase : after seeing his romantic rival. If the clause could stand by itself as a complete sentence, it is known as an independent clause . Best College Essay? If the clause cannot stand by itself as a complete sentence (typically because it begins with a subordinating conjunction), it is said to the world, be a dependent clause . For expanded discussion and examples, click here. Homework? For a discusion of clauses according to functional type, click here ( TBA). CLERIHEW : In light verse, a funny poem of closed-form with four lines rhyming ABAB in irregular meter, usually about a famous person from history or literature. To Save The World? Typically the historical person's name forms one of the What is a rhetorical, rhymes. The name comes from Edmund Clerihew Bentley (1875-1956), the purported inventor. He supposedly had a habit of scribbling down such rhymes during dull lectures at school, including this one from his chemistry class: Sir Humphrey Davy. He lived in Pay it forward to save the world, the odium.

Of having discovered sodium. CLICHÉ : A hackneyed or trite phrase that has become overused. Clichés are considered bad writing and bad literature. Click here to download a PDF handout for more information. Education Help And Paul? Cliché rhymes are rhymes that are considered trite or predictable. Cliché rhymes in poetry include love and dove , moon and June , trees and breeze . Sometimes, to avoid cliché rhymes, poets will go to hyperbolic lengths, such as the trisyllabic rhymes in Lord Byron's Don Juan . CLICHÉ RHYME : Cliché rhymes are rhymes that are considered trite or predictable. They include love and forward dove , moon and Parent's dictionary June , trees and Pay it assignment breeze . Sometimes, to avoid cliché rhymes, poets will go to hyperbolic lengths, such as the trisyllabic rhymes in Lord Byron's Don Juan . CLICK : A sound common in some non-Indo-European languages in Polynesia made by clucking the tongue or drawing in air with the tongue rather than expelling it from the Best on writing, lungs--such as the sound represented by the letter combination tsk-tsk . Some linguists indicate this sound in transcribing Polynesian languages by inserting an exclamation mark to indicate the palatal click. For instance, the !chung tribe has a palatal click as part of forward assignment to save the world its name.

CLIFFHANGER : A melodramatic narrative (especially in Religious education ss peter, films, magazines, or serially published novels) in which each section ends at Pay it assignment to save, a suspenseful or dramatic moment, ensuring that the audience will watch the next film or read the next installment to essay, find out what happens. Pay It Forward Assignment To Save? The term comes from the common 1930's film-endings in which the main characters are literally left hanging on Religious education help and paul the edge of a cliff until the Pay it forward to save, story resumes. What Is A Uta? The term cliffhanger has more loosely been applied to any situation, event, or contest in which the Pay it forward assignment to save, outcome remains uncertain until the education homework help, last moment possible. CLIMAX, LITERARY (From Greek word for ladder): The moment in a play, novel, short story, or narrative poem at which the crisis reaches its point of greatest intensity and forward assignment the world is thereafter resolved. Parent's Dictionary Dan Mclaughlin? It is also the peak of emotional response from a reader or spectator and usually the turning point in the action. The climax usually follows or overlaps with the crisis of a story, though some critics use the two terms synonymously. (Contrast with anticlimax , crisis , and denouement ; do not confuse with rhetorical climax , below.) CLIMAX, RHETORICAL : Also known as auxesis and crescendo , this refers to an artistic arrangement of a list of items so that they appear in a sequence of increasing importance. Assignment To Save? See rhetorical schemes for more information. The opposite of climax is Essay, bathos . CLIP : To form a word by abbreviating a longer expression, or a word formed by the same process. For instance, the word auto (as in auto shop) is a clipped form of automobile . CLOSE READING : Reading a piece of literature carefully, bit by bit, in assignment, order to is a rhetorical, analyze the forward to save the world, significance of Best 2014 every individual word, image, and artistic ornament. Click here for forward to save more information.

The term is sometimes used synonymously with critical reading , though I arbitrarily prefer to reserve close reading as a reference for analyzing literature and critical reading as a reference for breaking down an essay's argument logically. Cf. critical reading . CLOSED POETIC FORM : Poetry written in a a specific or traditional pattern according to the required rhyme, meter, line length, line groupings, and number of lines within a genre of poetry. Examples of a closed-form poetry include haiku , limericks , and rhetorical uta sonnets , which have set numbers of syllables, lines, and traditional subject-matter. Contrast with open poetic form . CLOSURE (Latin clausura , a closing): Closure has two common meanings. Forward The World? First, it means a sense of completion or finality at the conclusion of play or narrative work--especially a feeling in the audience that all the problems have been resolved satisfactorily. Frequently, this sort of closure may involve stock phrases (and they lived happily ever after or finis ) or certain conventional ceremonial actions (dropping a curtain or having the actors in a play take a bow). The narrative may reveal the paper writing service, solution of the primary problem(s) driving the plot, the death of a major character (especially the antagonist, the protagonist's romantic interest or even the protagonist herself), or careful denouement . An example of extended denouement as closure occurs in George Eliot's Middlemarch , in which the author carefully explains what happened in later years to each character in the novel. Closure can also come about by a radical alteration or change in the imaginary world created by to save the world an author.

For instance, in J. Is A Essay? R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings , much of the closure to the saga comes from the departure of the elves and wizards, who sail across the sea, leaving the world of human men and women forever, an act which apparently causes magic to fade. Shakespearean comedies often achieve closure by having major characters find love-interests and declare their marital intentions. Other more experimental forms of literature and poetry may achieve closure by circular structure , in which the poem or story ends by coming back to the narrative's original starting spot, or by returning a similar situation to what was found at the beginning of the tale. See discussion under denouement . Do note that some narratives intentionally seek to frustrate the audience's sense of closure. Examples of literature that reject conventions of closure include cliffhanger serials (see above), which reject normal closure in an attempt to gain returning audiences. Many postmodern narratives influenced by existential philosophy, on the other hand, reject closure as too simplistic and artificial in comparison with the complexities of human living. Secondly, some critics use the term closure as a derogatory term to imply the Pay it forward assignment, reduction of a work's meanings to a single and complete sense that excludes the Religious education help ss peter and paul, claims of other interpretations. Pay It Forward Assignment? For extended discussion of Best college essay on writing closure, see Frank Kermode's The Sense of Pay it forward assignment the world An Ending: Studies in the Theory of Fiction , as reprinted in 2001. CLOWN : (1) A fool or rural bumpkin in Essay paper uk, Shakespearean vocabulary. Examples of this type of clown include Lance, Bottom, Dogberry, and other Shakespearean characters. (2) A professional jester who performs pranks, sleight-of-hand and the world juggling routines, and who sings songs or tells riddles and jokes at Religious education ss peter and paul, court.

By convention, such jesters were given considerable leeway to speak on nearly any topic (even criticizing court policy) as long as the criticism was veiled in forward assignment to save the world, riddles and wordplay. Examples of this type in Shakespeare's work include Touchstone, Feste, and Lear's Fool. Best Essay My? Cf. fool . COCKNEY : Originally, in Middle English times, the term cockney was a derogatory term for a dumb city-dweller. It comes from cock's egg, the idea that an uneducated urbanite would be so ignorant he or she would not realize that a male rooster (a cock) would be the wrong gender to lay an egg. By Renaissance times, the word was applied to those living in the Bow Bells area of Pay it to save the world London in Cheapside, a working class district. Best? Today, the term implies most strongly the spoken dialect of that area.

Cockney dialect tends to be non-rhotic, with final -er pronounced as a schwa, and it often shows signs of t -glottalization. It frequently substitutes /r/ with /w/, and merges lexical sets like north/force and thought/start . The imprecise term Estuary English refers to Pay it forward to save the world, spoken English in Religious education help ss peter and paul, the southeast of Britain that merges linguistic traits of RP and Cockney, and recent dialect shift that appears to be spreading across the island. See also Cockney Rhyming Slang , below. COCKNEY RHYMING SLANG : A form of slang in which the speaker substitutes one word in a sentence with another word or phrase that rhymes with the implied word--but which leaves out the actual, final rhyming part. This wordplay is associated with the dialect appearing in forward to save, the Cheapside district of London's East End. The resulting sentence is baffling for outsiders unfamiliar with the tradition but provides a pleasing word puzzle to Cockney speakers. For examples, instead of stating that The woman had exquisite legs, a Cockney speaker might say, The woman had exquisite bacons.

Here, the phrase bacon- and-eggs rhymes with legs , so the speaker substitutes it for dictionary legs in the sentence, but deletes the Pay it forward, final rhyming part of the Parent's homework dictionary, phrase. CODE-SWITCHING : In bilingual or multilingual speech, rapidly changing from the vocabulary, grammar, and patterns of one language to another--often in mid-sentence. An example sentence to illustrate this process using Latin, Spanish, German, and Pay it forward assignment to save French might read as follows: Imprimus, el commander qui runs his troops y sus attendants to death in a blitzkrieg isn't tres sapiens, n'est-pas? [In the first place, the commander who runs his troops and his attendants to death in a sudden attack isn't very wise, right?] Although the entrance essay on writing, term code-switching is one used in linguistics, code-switching as a phenomenon does appear in Pay it forward assignment to save the world, literature. The character of Salvatori the monk in Umberto Eco's The Name of the Rose engages continuously in code-switching among Latin, Spanish, French, Italian, and German tongues, for instance. Code-switching is a common feature in Parent's dictionary, Hispanic American English and in the fiction writings of Chicano authors. Cf. dog-latin and macaronic texts . CODICOLOGY (from Latin codex , book): The study of books as physical artifacts. COGNATE : Cognates are words that (1) match each other to some degree in sound and to save the world meaning, (2) come from entrance essay on writing a common root in an older language, but (3) did not actually serve as a root for each other. For instance, in European Romance languages, many words trace their roots back to Latin. The Latin word unus (one) later became the root for a number of forward to save the world words meaning one such as une (French) and uno (Spanish). Une and uno are cognates --cousins or siblings on the family tree of languages--but unus is the root or ancestor for these relatives.

The Hebrew shalom , Arabic salaam , and Essay service uk best the Aramaic shelam are similar cognates all meaning peace. Cognates play an important part in forward, reconstructing dead languages such as proto-Indo-European , and they can be enormously helpful in learning new languages. The amateur philologist should be cautious of Religious education help ss peter and paul false cognates, folk etymology , and faux amis , however. False cognates are words that happen to have a similar sound and meaning, but which are actually unrelated semantically and historically. Folk etymologies are erroneous accounts of how a word came into existence. Typically, the originator of the error hears or reads an unfamiliar word. Forward To Save? The orginator then fabricates a spurious source by Essay service linking the strange word to a more familiar expression or then fashions a pun based upon sound similarities. Forward? Faux amis are technically cognates in terms of their morphology, but in rhetorical analysis, terms of Pay it forward assignment the world their meaning, the words have drifted apart from each other across time, such as the English verb embarass (to humiliate) and the Spanish embarazar (to impregnate). COLLECTIVE NOUN, COLLECTIVE PRONOUN : A noun such as team or pair that technically refers to a collective group of individuals or individual items. What makes them tricky in grammar? They can be singular or plural (e.g., one team , two teams , or one pair, two pairs .) Many students forget that and mistakenly treat the grammatically singular word as if it were always plural.

Likewise, collective pronouns like some use the modifier rather than the headword for singular versus plural structure. For instance, Some of the the workers are gone uses a plural verb, but Some of the work is done uses a singular verb. COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS : In twentieth-century Jungian Psychology , this term refers to a shared group of archetypes (atavistic and rhetorical universal images, cultural symbols, and recurring situations dealing with the fundamental facts of human life) passed along to each generation to the next in folklore and stories or generated anew by the way must face similar problems to those our ancestors faced. Within a culture, the forward assignment, collective unconscious forms a treasury of powerful shared images and symbols found in is a analysis, our dreams, art stories, myths, and religious icons. See more detailed discussion under archetypal criticism . COLLOCATION : The frequency or tendency some words have to combine with each other.

For instance, Algeo notes that the Pay it assignment to save the world, phrases tall person and high mountain seem to fit together readily without sounding strange. Best On Writing? A non-native speaker might talk about a high person or tall mountain, and this construction might sound slightly odd to forward assignment to save, a native English speaker. The difference is in collocation. COLLOQUIALISM : A word or phrase used everyday in plain and Parent's homework dictionary relaxed speech, but rarely found in formal writing. (Compare with cliché , jargon and slang .) COLONIAL PERIOD : American and British historians use this term somewhat differently. To Save The World? American scholars usually use the paper writing service uk, term colonial period to refer to the years in the American colonies before the to save, American Revolution against the British Monarchy--usually dating it from entrance 1607 (when Jamestown was founded) to 1787 (when Congress ratified the Federal Constitution). This period coincides roughly with the Reformation in England and continues up through the end of the Pay it forward, Enlightenment or Neoclassical Period. American writers from the colonial period include Ben Franklin, Thomas Paine, and Anne Bradstreet. See also Neoclassic . Click here to download a PDF handout placing this period in education homework help ss peter, historical context with other literary movments. When British historians use the term, they sometimes tend to apply the word colonial in more general reference to the British expansions into the Americas, the Pay it forward to save, Indies, India, Africa, and the Middle-East over the course of several centuries, even up to the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. See colonialism , below.

COLONIALISM : The term refers broadly and generally to the habit of uk best powerful civilizations to colonize less powerful ones. On the obvious level, this process can take the form of a literal geographic occupation, outright enslavement, religious conversion at gun-point, or forced assimilation of native peoples. Pay It Forward Assignment To Save The World? On a more subtle level, this process can take the form of bureucratic policy that incidentally or indirectly leads to the extinction of a minority's language or culture, economic exploitation of 2014 my cheap labor, and globalistic erasure of cultural differences. Pay It Assignment? The term is often applied in academic discussion of literature from the colonial period. We can see the concerns of colonialism and imperial ambition in the works of George Orwell's Shooting an military service Elephant, in Rudyard Kipling's fictional tales about India, and in Josef Conrad's novella, Heart of to save the world Darkness . See Colonial Period , above.

COMEDY (from Greek: komos , songs of merrimakers): In the original meaning of the word, comedy referred to a genre of drama during the Dionysia festivals of ancient Athens. The first comedies were loud and boisterous drunken affairs, as the word's etymology suggests. Essay Paper Service? Later, in medieval and Renaissance use, the word comedy came to mean any play or narrative poem in which the main characters manage to avert an forward the world impending disaster and have a happy ending. The comedy did not necessarily have to be funny, and indeed, many comedies are serious in tone. It is only in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that comedy's exclusive connotations of humor arose. See also Low Comedy, High Comedy, Comedy of the Absurd , Comedy of Humors , and Comedy of Manners . COMEDY OF THE ABSURD : A modern form of Essay paper writing cheap comedy dramatizing the Pay it, meaninglessness, uncertainty, and pointless absurdity of human existence. A famous example is dictionary dan mclaughlin, Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot . Cf. existentialism . COMEDY OF HUMORS : A Renaissance drama in which numerous characters appear as the forward, embodiment of stereotypical types of people, each character having the physiological and behavioral traits associated with a specific humor in the human body. The majority of the cast consists of such stock characters. (See humors, bodily for more information.) Some of Shakespeare's characters, including Pistol, Bardulph, and others, show signs of having been adapted from the stereotypical humor characters. In literature, a humor character was a type of Essay paper writing service flat character in whom a single passion predominated; this interpretation was especially popular in Elizabethan and other Renaissance literature. See also stock character . COMEDY OF INNOCENCE : We have two definitions here. (1) In anthropological terms, a comedy of innocence is a ritualized symbolic behavior (or set of Pay it assignment to save the world such behaviors) designed to alleviate individual or communal guilt about an execution or sacrifice or to hide the blame for such an action.

In ancient Greece, the ax or dagger used in a sacrifice might be put on trial (instead of the priest wielding it). The sacrificial animal might be required to volunteer by shaking its head or by walking up to on writing, the altar to eat the grain sitting on forward assignment to save the world it. The sacrificial victim might be condemned to Best college essay, execution after being released where it could set foot in a forbidden holy grove or taboo sacred mountain (cf. Exodus 19:12-13 and Judges 11:30-40). In America, we see remnants of the comedy of innocence in customs such as the 19th-century's hangman's black mask (to erase the executioner's identity) or the custom of Pay it assignment to save granting the condemned prisoner's last request or final meal (to alleviate any sense of entrance on writing cruelty on the jailer's part). (2) A specific myth told by later generations to erase or hide ancient evidence of what looks like the practice of human sacrifice in earlier times. For instance, a number of local Greek myths describe characters like Leucothea, Palaemon, and Glaucus; they fall or are thrown into the sea where they are magically transformed into sea-gods.

Given the relative insignificance of these gods in the Greek pantheon , it is likely this sort of tale either (a) developed out of local hero cults or (b) the tale alludes to an ancient or prehistoric belief that drowned sacrificial victims would live on as animistic spirits. Another common version of the comedy of innocence is the motif of a human sacrificial victim (usually a child) who is miraculously saved ( deus ex machina ) and an animal substituted in forward assignment to save the world, his or her place. For example, in some Greek myths, Iphigenia is replaced by college on writing a white hind before her father can sacrifice her to gain good winds for Pay it forward assignment to save the Trojan voyage. Phrixus gets whisked to safety by a Golden Ram, which is then sacrificed in the young boy's place. In the Hebrew Bible, Yahweh stops Abraham from killing Isaac, and he directs Abraham's attention to a ram with its horns caught in Essay paper cheap uk, a thicket (Genesis 22:9-13). Scholars of mythology often see the dozens of assignment the world such tales appearing cross-culturally and interpret them as having their origins in the comedy of innocence. COMEDY OF MANNERS : A comic drama consisting of five or three acts in which the attitudes and customs of a society are critiqued and satirized according to high standards of intellect and morality. The dialogue is usually clever and sophisticated, but often risqué . Characters are valued according to their linguistic and intellectual prowess.

It is the opposite of the slapstick humor found in a farce or in a fabliau . COMIC OPERA : An outgrowth of the eighteenth-century ballad operas, in which new or original music is composed specially for the lyrics. (This contrasts with the ballad opera , in which the lyrics were set to essay on writing, pre-existing popular music.) COMIC RELIEF : A humorous scene , incident, character , or bit of Pay it forward assignment the world dialogue occurring after some serious, tragic, or frightening moment. Comic relief is Parent's dan mclaughlin, deliberately designed to relieve emotional intensity and simultaneously heighten and highlight the seriousness or tragedy of the Pay it forward assignment to save, action. Macbeth contains Shakespeare's most famous example of comic relief in the form of a drunken porter. Another is just after the education homework help ss peter and paul, climactic scene in forward assignment to save the world, Dante's Inferno , in Religious homework and paul, which Dante encounters Satan himself frozen in ice. The demon initially terrified Dante, but the forward the world, narrator's fear falls way to the reader's laughter in a comic reversal in which Dante and Virgil climb down Satan's body and move through the center of the earth's gravity, at which point Dante is paper uk, confused by forward assignment to save the world the way gravity reverses, looks upward, and finds himself directly staring at Satan's nether regions, writing, . . About Military Uk Best? . I beheld him upward hold his legs. Pay It Forward Assignment The World? // And if I then become disguieted, / Let stolid people think who do not see / What the Essay paper writing cheap uk, point is beyond which I had passed (34.90-93). COMING-OF-AGE STORY : A novel in which an adolescent protagonist comes to adulthood by forward assignment to save a process of experience and Religious education help ss peter and paul disillusionment. This character loses his or her innocence, discovers that previous preconceptions are false, or has the security of forward assignment to save childhood torn away, but usually matures and strengthens by this process. Best College 2014? Examples include Wieland's Agathon , Herman Raucher's Summer of '42 , Ray Bradbury's Dandelion Wine , Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man , and Jane Austen's Northanger Abbey . The most famous examples are in German. In German, a tale in the genre is called a Bildungsroman or a Erziehungsroman . Forward Assignment The World? Examples include Goethe's Die Leiden des jungen Werthers and Thomas Mann's Königliche Hoheit . COMITATUS : (Latin: companionship or band): The term describes the tribal structure of the Anglo-Saxons and other Germanic tribes in which groups of men would swear fealty to entrance, a hlaford (lord) in exchange for food, mead, and heriot , the loan of fine armor and weaponry. The men who swore such an oath were called thegns (roughly akin to modern Scottish thane), and Pay it forward assignment they vowed to fight for Parent's homework dan mclaughlin their lord in battle.

It was considered a shameful disaster to outlive one's own lord. The comitatus was the functional military and government unit of early Anglo-Saxon society. The term was first coined by Pay it forward assignment to save the classical historian Tacitus when he described the Germanic tribes north of about uk best Rome. COMMEDIA DELL'ARTE : A genre of Italian farce from the sixteenth-century characterized by forward the world stock characters , stock situations, and spontaneous dialogue. Typically, the plot is an about service intrigue plot and forward assignment to save the world it involves a soubrette who aids two young lovers in foiling the rigid constraints of their parents. In many such plays, a character named Sganarelle is a primary figure in the work. Often there is a zani , or foolish-servant, who provides physical comedy in Parent's homework, contrast to the anguish of the young lovers. In the end, the couple achieves a happy marriage. Commedia dell'arte may have influenced Shakespeare's comedies, such as The Merry Wives of Windsor , and Moliere's plays, such as L'amour Medecin , commonly translated into English as Love is the Doctor . COMMON MEASURE : Also called common meter , common measure consists of closed poetic quatrains rhyming ABAB or ABCB , in which the lines of iambic tetrameter (eight syllables) alternate with lines of iambic trimeter (six syllables). This pattern is most often associated with ballads (see above), and it is forward assignment, occasionally referred to as ballad measure.

Many of Emily Dickinson's poems are in loose common measure using slant rhyme , for instance: Much Madness is divinest Sense-- To a discerning Eye-- Much Sense--the starkest Madness-- 'Tis the Majority. A fun and simple test to recognize common measure in poetry is to take a stanza and try singing it aloud to a well-known tune written in What analysis, common meter, such as Gilligan's Isle, Amazing Grace, or House of the Rising Sun. Pay It The World? If the What is a, syllabification fits these familiar ditties, you are looking at Pay it to save, a case of common measure. COMMONIZATION : The linguistic term for Essay about military service an eponym--a common word that is derived from the proper name of a person or place. For instance, the sandwich gained its name from its inventor, the forward assignment, fourth Earl of entrance Sandwich. Pay It Forward The World? The word lynch comes from Captain William Lynch, who led bands of vigilantes to hang hoboes and bums residing near Pittsylvania County.

The verb shanghai , meaning to kidnap or press into forced labor, comes from the practices of conscription common in the oriental city of What is a rhetorical Shanghai. The word stentorian comes from the loud-mouthed Stentor in Greek legend, and herculean comes from the Pay it forward, muscle-bound Hercules, and so on. COMPERT (plural: comperta ): Specifically, birth-tales in Old Irish literature that detail the Religious homework help ss peter, conception and birth of a hero. Examples include the Compert Con Culainn ( Birth of Cú Chulainn ). Usually supernatural or extraordinary events involve themselves in the conception, such as the Druid Cathbad's seduction of to save Nessa after prophesying what the hour would be lucky for (begetting a king upon Essay writing cheap uk a queen!) or the visitation of a god like Lug to a woman who then becomes pregnant after the Pay it assignment to save, divine visitation. The birth-tale in general is not limited to Best essay, Old Irish Literature, but is Pay it forward the world, found worldwide (Duffy 102-03). Examples outside of Irish literature include the birth of Jesus, or the Buddha, or Leda and 2014 my Hercules in Greek myth, Pryderi's conception in the First Branch of The Mabinogion , or King Arthur's conception in Arthurian legends. COMPLETENESS : The second aspect of Aristotle's requirements for a tragedy. By completeness, Aristotle emphasizes the logic, wholeness, and assignment closure necessary to satisfy the audience.

COMPOSITE MONSTER (in architecture, often called a chimera after the Greek monster): The term is one mythologists use to describe the fantastical creatures in Assyrian, Babylonian, Greek, and medieval European legends in which the beast is composed of the What rhetorical analysis uta, body-parts of Pay it forward to save various animals. For instance, in Greek mythology, the chimera has the body of a lion, tale of Essay writing a serpent, wings of a bat, and a goat-head, a lion-head, and a serpent's head. Likewise, the sphinx has a lion's body and a woman's head and breasts; the centaur has a horse's body and Pay it forward the world human torso and a human head where the horse-head should be; the minotaur has a bull's head and a man's body; and the harpy has an avian body and a woman's head, breasts, and dictionary arms. Earlier examples in Mesopotamian mythology include the ekimmu (a bloodsucking albino ghost with a bull's head) and to save the world the lamassu (a winged horse with a human head). Education Homework Help? In the Pay it forward assignment to save, medieval period, composite monsters include the formecolion, with an ant's body and a lion's head; the mermaid, with a human top and a fish bottom; and the cockatrice, which mingles parts of a rooster and Essay service a serpent. Contrast with additive monster , above. Composite monsters were common in the legends of classical and to save the world ancient cultures, but diminished in favor after the Renaissance. Many theories propose to Best entrance, explain the common tendency to create composite monsters.

Theories include mistranslation in traveler's tales, in which an animal is forward assignment to save the world, describing as having a head like such-and-such a creature, but the simile is lost in Essay writing uk, translation; the encounter of fossil remnants of extinct animals, or bones found jumbled together and misassembled; and the heraldic practice of dimidiation , in which a nobleman's son might take two animals found on Pay it forward assignment to save the world his father's and education homework mother's coats of arms combine them into a composite creature to illustrate his genealogy. An example in 20th century films includes The Fly . In this 1950s horror classic, a fly and a human trade bodies and Pay it assignment heads. Cf. therianthropic and theriomorphic . COMPOSITOR : A typesetter in a Renaissance print shop. To speed the printing process, most of Shakespeare's plays appear to have been set by multiple compositors. College Entrance? As Greenblatt notes, Compositors frequently followed their own standards in spelling and punctuation. They inevitably introduced some errors into the text, often by selecting the wrong piece from the Pay it, type case or by setting the correct letter upside-down (1141). COMPOUNDING : A term from linguistics used to describe the Religious homework, creation of the world a new word ( neologism ) that comes about by taking two existing words and sticking them together to create a brand new concept (Horobin 192). All languages do this to Religious education homework and paul, some extent.

For instance, the Pay it, word hydrogen comes from two Greek words meaning water and stuff. However, Germanic languages and Germanic poetry (including derivatives like English) are particularly prone to creating new words this way. Thousands of English words result from two older words being compounded together, such as bathtub (bath + tub), eyesore (eye + sore); window (from two Old Norse words meaning wind and eye), and so on. However, poets regular invent neologisms by Parent's dictionary dan mclaughlin compounding to create artificial words of their own. Even Chaucer engaged in this trick, coining the word newfangled from the English new and the Middle French fanglere , meaning to make or to fashion.

See neologism , blending , and kenning . COMPURGATION : In addition to trial by ordeal , compurgation was the medieval law practice among Christianized Anglo-Saxon tribes to determine innocence. A man accused of a crime would publicly swear to Pay it assignment to save, his innocence. The judge then gave the defendant thirty days to to collect a number of college essay oath-helpers who would also swear to his innocence (or at least his good character). If he was unable to forward assignment to save the world, find the required number, he was either found guilty or he could appeal to trial by ordeal. If the defendant had been caught in the act, or was considered untrustworthy, the procedure could be reversed, and the plaintiff would bring forth oath-helpers to prove his charge through similar compurgation.

CONCEIT (also called a metaphysical conceit) : An elaborate or unusual comparison--especially one using unlikely metaphors, simile, hyperbole, and contradiction. Before the beginning of the seventeenth century, the term conceit was a synonym for thought and roughly equivalent to idea or concept. It gradually came to denote a fanciful idea or a particularly clever remark. In literary terms, the word denotes a fairly elaborate figure of speech, especially an extended comparison involving unlikely metaphors , similes , imagery , hyperbole , and oxymora . One of the Religious homework, most famous conceits is forward to save, John Donne's A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning, a poem in which Donne compares two souls in love to the points on a geometer's compass. Essay About Military Service Uk Best? Shakespeare also uses conceits regularly in his poetry. Forward Assignment The World? In Richard II , Shakespeare compares two kings competing for power to two buckets in a well, for instance. A conceit is usually classified as a subtype of metaphor . Contrast with epic simile and dyfalu . CONCRETE DICTION / CONCRETE IMAGERY : Language that describes qualities that can be perceived with the five senses as opposed to using abstract or generalized language. For instance, calling a fruit pleasant or good is abstract , while calling a fruit cool or sweet is concrete . Best College Essay? The preference for Pay it forward to save abstract or concrete imagery varies from century to century. Philip Sidney praised concrete imagery in poetry in his 1595 treatise, Apologie for Poetrie . A century later, Neoclassical thought tended to value the generality of abstract thought. In the early 1800s, the Romantic poets like Wordsworth, Coleridge, and education help and paul Shelley once again preferred concreteness. In the 20th century, the distinction between concrete and abstract has been a subject of some debate.

Ezra Pound and T. E. Hulme attempted to create a theory of concrete poetry. T. S. Assignment? Eliot added to this school of thought with his theory of the objective correlative. Contrast with abstract diction / abstract imagery . CONCRETE POETRY : Poetry that draws much of its power from the way the text appears situated on the page. The actual shape of the lines of text may create a swan's neck, an dan mclaughlin altar, a geometric pattern, or a set of wings, which in some direct way connects to Pay it forward assignment the world, the meaning of the words. Also called shaped poetry and visual poetry, concrete poetry should not be confused with concrete diction or concrete imagery (see above). Essay? The object here is to present each poem as a different shape. It may appear on the page, on glass, stone, wood, or other materials. The technique seems simple, but can allow great subtlety. Famous concrete poets include Apollinaire, Max Bill, Eugen Gomringer and the Brazilian Noigandres Group, which exhibited a collection of concrete art at Sào Paulo in 1956. In Germany, this school of poetry is called konkretisten by critics. It includes Ernst Jandl, Achleitner, Heissenbüttel, Mon, and Rühm.

Since World War II, further experimentation in concrete poetry has taken place by British poets, including Simon Cutts, Stuart Mills, and Ian Hamilton Finlay. See also diamante . CONFLATION : In its more restricted literary sense, a conflation is a version of forward assignment the world a play or narrative that later editors create by combining the Essay writing, text from more than one substantive edition. For example, Greenblatt notes that most versions of Pay it forward the world King Lear published since the college, 1700s are conflations of the Quarto and First Folio editions of the original Renaissance texts. CONFLICT : The opposition between two characters (such as a protagonist and an antagonist), between two large groups of people, or between the protagonist and a larger problem such as forces of nature, ideas, public mores, and so on. Conflict may also be completely internal, such as the protagonist struggling with his psychological tendencies (drug addiction, self-destructive behavior, and forward assignment to save so on); William Faulkner famously claimed that the most important literature deals with the subject of the human heart in conflict with itself. Conflict is the engine that drives a plot. Rhetorical Essay Analysis Uta? Examples of narratives driven mainly by conflicts between the protagonist and nature include Jack London's To Build a Fire (in which the Pay it, Californian struggles to save himself from freezing to death in Alaska) and Stephen Crane's The Open Boat (in which shipwrecked men in a lifeboat struggle to Essay paper service, stay alive and get to shore).

Examples of narratives driven by conflicts between a protagonist and an antagonist include Mallory's Le Morte D'arthur , in which King Arthur faces off against his evil son Mordred, each representing civilization and barbarism respectively. Pay It Assignment To Save? Examples of narratives driven by Essay writing uk internal struggles include Daniel Scott Keyes' Flowers for Algernon, in which the Pay it forward to save, hero struggles with the loss of his own intelligence to congenital mental retardation, and Edgar Allan Poe's The Tell-Tale Heart, in ss peter and paul, which the forward, protagonist ends up struggling with his own guilt after committing a murder. In complex works of literature, multiple conflicts may occur at paper cheap uk, once. For instance, in Shakespeare's Othello , one level of conflict is the unseen struggle between Othello and the machinations of Iago, who seeks to Pay it forward to save the world, destroy him. Another level of conflict is Othello's struggle with his own jealous insecurities and his suspicions that Desdemona is cheating on him. CONFUCIAN CLASSICS : Five ancient Chinese writings commonly attributed to What is a essay uta, Confucius, though it is likely they are actually compilations of Pay it forward to save the world traditional material predating him. The five classics include the I Ching ( The Book of Changes ), the Shu Ching ( The Book of History ), the Shih Ching , ( The Book of Odes ), the Record of Parent's dan mclaughlin Rites ( Li Chi ), and forward to save the Spring and Essay paper writing service Autumn Annals . To see where this material fits in forward to save, an outline of Chinese history, click here.

CONJUGATION : The inflection of a verb to show its person, number, mood, or tense. Here is is a essay analysis uta, a sample conjugation of the present tense indicative forms of to sing in English and forward assignment cantar in Spanish: CONNOTATION : The extra tinge or taint of meaning each word carries beyond the minimal, strict definition found in a dictionary. For instance, the terms civil war , revolution and rebellion have the same denotation; they all refer to writing service, an attempt at social or political change. However, civil war carries historical connotations for forward assignment to save Americans beyond that of is a analysis revolution or rebellion . Likewise, revolution is often applied more generally to scientific or theoretical changes, and it does not necessarily connote violence. Rebellion , for many English speakers connotes an to save the world improper uprising against a legitimate authority (thus we speak about rebellious teenagers rather than revolutionary teenagers).

In the same way, the words house and home both refer to a domicile, but home connotes certain singular emotional qualities and college essay 2014 personal possession in a way that house doesn't. I might own four houses I rent to others, but I might call none of these my home , for Pay it forward assignment example. Essay About Service Uk Best? Much of poetry involves the poet using connotative diction that suggests meanings beyond what the forward the world, words simply say. Contrast with denotation . CONSONANCE : A special type of Essay paper service cheap uk alliteration in which the repeated pattern of consonants is Pay it to save, marked by changes in the intervening vowels--i.e., the final consonants of the stressed syllables match each other but the vowels differ. As M. Best College? H. Abrams illustrates in The Norton Anthology of Pay it forward assignment the world English Literature , examples include linger , longer , and Essay paper writing cheap languor or rider , reader , raider , and ruder . Do not confuse consonance with a consonant (see below). See also assonance and sound symbolism . CONSONANT : A speech sound that is not a vowel. To download a PDF file listing consonants and their symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet, click here.

CONSUETUDINAL BE : Uninflected use of the verb be to Pay it forward assignment to save the world, indicate habitual or frequent action. Religious Ss Peter And Paul? This grammatical structure is characteristic of Black Vernacular . An example would be as follows: What you be doing on Thursdays? I be working every afternoon. Users of Pay it forward the world standard edited English typically frown on this grammatical formation. CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE : Literature written at the present moment. Although the writers in every century would consider themselves contemporary or modern, when speakers use this term, they almost always mean either modernist or postmodernist literature. COTERIE WRITING : Writing intended originally for the amusement or edification of a small circle of friends or family rather than for essay publication or public perusal. Forward To Save The World? Often, however, such writings later become adopted or modified for publication. Sometimes, the author does this; in other cases, later editors do this posthumously. Famous examples include Mary Shelley originally created Frankenstein as part of a ghost-story contest amongst her friends and college on writing literary comrades.

Aphra Behn originally wrote many of forward assignment the world her poems as part of coterie writing, though most of writing cheap her plays, her philosophical treatises, and Oronooko appear to have penned with a deliberate eye toward publication or financial gain. CONTEXTUAL SYMBOL : A unique or original symbol an Pay it to save author creates within the context of an individual work or an author's collected works. Examples include the Snopes family in paper cheap, Faulkner's collected works, who together function as a symbol of the South's moral decay, or the town of Castle Rock, Maine, which in Stephen King's works functions as a microcosmic symbol of human society. Contrast with cultural symbol , below. CONTRACTION : The squeezing together of sounds or words--especially when one word blurs into another--during fast or informal speech. Contractions such as I'm (I am), he's (he is), and they're (they are) are common in verbal communication, but they are often considered too loose for more formal writing. CONTRAPASSIO (counter-suffering): A thematic principle involving situational irony in which a punishment's nature corresponds exactly to the nature of a crime. Much of Dante's Inferno revolves around elaborate contrapassio . CONTROL TEXT : A specific text upon which a modern edition is based. For instance, there are at least three dominant manuscript traditions of Langland's Piers Plowman poem: the A-text, the B-text, and the C-text (and possibly a Z-text, as recent scholarship has tentatively suggested). These versions contain different dialogue, different wording, and Pay it forward assignment to save the world different spelling; they do not all contain the same passages and do not include identical storylines.

A modern editor must either choose one to use as the Best essay 2014 my, basis of a modern edition, or she must create a conflation . Several Shakespeare plays vary wildly between the quarto and folio versions--including Hamlet and King Lear . In other cases, such as Le Morte D'Arthur , a modern editor must choose between using a manuscript source for his control text (such as the Winchester Manuscript) or a printed source (such as Caxton's printed Renaissance edition). CONVENTION : A common feature that has become traditional or expected within a specific genre (category) of literature or film. In Harlequin romances, it is conventional to focus on a male and female character who struggle through misunderstandings and difficulties until they fall in love. In western films of the early twentieth-century, for instance, it has been conventional for protagonists to wear white hats and antagonists to Pay it assignment to save the world, wear black hats. The wandering knight-errant who travels from place to Essay service uk, place, seeking adventure while suffering from the effects of hunger and the elements, is assignment the world, a convention in medieval romances. It is a convention for an English sonnet to have fourteen lines with a specific rhyme scheme, abab , cdcd , efef , gg , and so on.

The use of a chorus and the unities are dramatic conventions of Greek tragedy, while, the aside , and the soliloquy are conventions in essay, Elizabethan tragedy. Conventions are often referred to as poetic, literary, or dramatic, depending upon whether the convention appears in a poem, short story or novel, or a play. CONVENTIONAL : A conventional linguistic trait is an arbitrary one learned from others, not one determined by some natural law or genetic inheritance. Forward The World? Today, most linguists think most vocabulary and grammar are conventional, but some linguists in previous centuries believed ethnicity affected language development and Essay acquisition. CORPUS CHRISTI PLAY : A religious play performed outdoors in the medieval period that enacts an event from the Pay it the world, Bible, such as the story of Parent's homework dan mclaughlin Adam and Eve, Noah's flood, the Pay it to save, crucifixion, and so on. The word is Essay military service uk best, derived from the religious festival of Corpus Christi (Latin: The Body of Christ). See also cycle and mystery play . CORRESPONDENCES : An integral part of the medieval and Renaissance model of the universe known as the Chain of Being. The idea was that different links on the Chain of Being were interconnected and had a sort of sympathetic correspondence to each other. Each type of being or object (men, beasts, celestial objects, fish, plants, and forward to save the world rocks) had a place within a hierarchy designed by God.

Each type of entrance essay object had a primate , which was by nature the most noble, rare, valuable, and Pay it assignment superb example of its type. For instance, the king was primate among men, the lion among beasts, the sun among celestial objects, the whale among fish, the oak among trees, and the diamond among rocks. Often, there was a symbolic link between primates of different orders--such as the lion being a symbol of royalty, or the Best college my, king sleeping in a bed of oak. This symbolic link was a correspondence. However, correspondences were thought to exist in the material world as well as in the world of Pay it forward assignment to save ideas. Disturbances in rhetorical, nature would correspond to disturbances in the political realm (the body politic ), in the human body (the microcosm ), and in the natural world as a whole (the macrocosm ). For instance, if the king were to Pay it assignment to save the world, become ill, Elizabethans might expect lions and beasts to fall sick, rebellions to break out in the kingdom, individuals to develop headaches or fevers, and Best entrance on writing stars to fall from the to save the world, sky.

All of these events could correspond to each other on the chain of being, and each would coincide with the others. For more information about correspondences and the Chain of homework dictionary dan mclaughlin Being, click here. COSMIC IRONY : Another term for situational irony--especially situational irony connected to a fatalistic or pessimistic view of Pay it life. See discussion under irony , below. COTHURNI : The Greek word for the elevator-shoes worn by important actors on stage. Uk Best? See discussion under buskins . COTTON LIBRARY, THE : One of the most important collections of Old and Middle English texts. Click here for details. COTTON NERO A.X : The Middle English manuscript that includes Pearl , Cleanness , Patience , Sir Gawain and Pay it the world the Green Knight , and Essay writing service cheap the Legend of Saint Erkenwald . Click here for assignment the world details. COTTON VITELLIUS A.XV : The Old English manuscript that includes The Passion of Saint Christopher , The Wonders of the East , and The Letter of What rhetorical analysis uta Alexander to Aristotle , Beowulf , and the Old English translation of Judith . Click here for details. COUNTING : A technique of determining stylistic qualities of forward the world a piece of writing by counting the numbers of words in paragraphs or sentences, and determining the education help and paul, average number of modifiers, average word lengths, and so on. COUPLET : Two lines--the second line immediately following the first--of the same metrical length that end in a rhyme to form a complete unit.

Geoffrey Chaucer and other writers helped popularize the form in English poetry in the fourteenth century. An especially popular form in later years was the heroic couplet , which was rhymed iambic pentameter. It was popular from the 1600s through the late 1700s. Pay It To Save The World? Much Romantic poetry in the early 1800s used the couplet as well. A couplet that occurs after the volta in an English sonnet is What is a rhetorical analysis, called a gemel (see sonnet, volta, gemel ). COURT OF LOV E : In medieval convention, a court of love is an assemblage of women presided over by a queen or noblewoman. At this mock-court, various young knights or courtiers are summoned to court and put on trial by the ladies for their crimes against love. To Save The World? These crimes might be neglecting their sweethearts, failing to wear their ladies' tokens at jousts, and so on.

Chaucer himself may have been summoned to a court of love for Best college 2014 his libelous depiction of Criseyde in Troilus and Criseyde , and Queen Anne may have required him to write The Legend of Good Women as a penance for his literary crimes. In The Wife of Bath's Tale, we find an inversion of the forward the world, normal play-acting in which King Arthur gives Gwenevere and her ladies the right to try a rapist-knight for his crimes. Here, the women literally have power of life or death over the subject. About? Andreas Capellanus discusses the courts of love in his medieval writings, and more recent scholars such as C. S. Lewis ( The Allegory of Pay it to save the world Love ) and essay 2014 my Amy Kelly ( Eleanor of Aquitaine ) discuss the convention at length. Cf. demand d'amour . COURTLY LOVE (Medieval French: fin amour or amour courtois ): Possibly a cultural trope in the late twelfth-century, or possibly a literary convention that captured popular imagination, courtly love refers to a code of behavior that gave rise to modern ideas of Pay it chivalrous romance. The term itself was popularized by C. S. Lewis' and Gaston Paris' scholarly studies, but its historical existence remains contested in critical circles. The conventions of courtly love are that a knight of noble blood would adore and worship a young noble-woman from afar, seeking to protect her honor and win her favor by valorous deeds. What Is A Essay? He typically falls ill with love-sickness, while the woman chastely or scornfully rejects or refuses his advances in public but privately encourages him.

Courtly love was associated with (A) nobility, since no peasants can engage in Pay it forward to save the world, fine love; (B) secrecy; (C) adultery, since often the one or both participants were married to paper, another noble who was unloved; and (D) paradoxically with chastity, since the passion should never be consummated due to social circumstances, thus it was a higher love unsullied by selfish carnal desires or political concerns of arranged marriages. The World? In spite of college entrance on writing this ideal of chastity, the knightly characters in literature usually end up giving in to Pay it forward assignment, their passions with tragic results--such as Lancelot and Guenevere's fate, or that of Tristan and Iseult. We associate courtly love with French literature primarily, but the concept permeated German and Italian literature as well. The German equivalent of fin amour is Minne (hence Minnesänger ), and the Italian poets of the dolce stil nuovo cultivated similar subject matter. The convention of courtly love eventually becomes a source of parody. Andreas Capellanus' Rules of Courtly Love provides a satirical guide to the endeavor, and Chretien de Troyes satirizes the conventions in Parent's dictionary dan mclaughlin, his courtly literature as well. Forward Assignment The World? Similar conventions influence Petrarch's poetry and Shakespeare's sonnets. These sonnets often emphasize in particular the Essay service uk best, idea of love from afar and unrequited love, and make use of imagery and wording common to the earlier French tradition. In terms of whether or not practices of courtly love were a historical reality, scholars are loosely divided into schools of thought, as William Kibler notes. The first group, the so-called realists, argue that such institutions truly did exist in the Middle Ages and the literature of the time reproduces this realistically. The opposing school, the so-called idealists, argue that (at best) courtly love was a court game taken ironically as a joke, or (at worst) post-Romantic/Victorian readers have superimposed their own ideals and Pay it forward the world wishes on Best essay 2014 my medieval culture by exaggerating these components.

CRADLE TRICK : A sub-category of the bed-trick , this is a folk motif in which the position of a cradle in a dark room leads one character to climb into bed with the wrong sexual partner. It appears prominently in Chaucer's The Reeve's Tale. In the Aarne-Thompson folk-index, this motif is usually numbered as motif no. 1363. CREEPYPASTA : A short story posted online designed to shock, frighten, or disconcert the Pay it assignment to save the world, reader. For more discussion, see ghost story . CREOLE : A native language combining the traits of college essay multiple languages, i.e., an advanced and fully developed pidgin.

In the American South, black slaves were often brought in from a variety of forward the world African tribes sharing no common language. What Rhetorical Essay Analysis Uta? On the plantation, they developed first a pidgin (limited and Pay it forward assignment simplified) version of English with heavy Portuguese and African influences. This pidgin allowed slaves some rudimentary communication with each other and with their slave masters. In time, they lost their original African languages and the mixed speech became the native tongue of their children--a creole. Writing Service Cheap? Contrast with pidgin . CRESCENDO : Another term for rhetorical climax . See climax, rhetorical , above. CRISIS (plural: crises ): The turning point of uncertainty and Pay it forward tension resulting from earlier conflict in a plot. At the moment of crisis in a story, it is paper writing cheap, unclear if the protagonist will succeed or fail in his struggle. The crisis usually leads to or overlaps with the climax of a story, though some critics use the Pay it forward, two terms synonymously. See climax, literary , above.

CRITICAL READING : Careful analysis of an Religious help essay's structure and logic in order to determine the assignment, validity of an argument. Rhetorical Essay Analysis? Often this term is used synonymously with close reading (see above), but I prefer to reserve close reading for the artistic analysis of literature. Click here for more information about critical reading. Cf. close reading . CRITICUS APPARATUS : The scholarly notations in a critical edition (especially a variorum edition) in Pay it forward to save, which the editor indicates all the known variations of a particular text. The apparatus often appears running along the bottom of rhetorical essay analysis uta each page or sometimes in the back of the Pay it forward assignment the world, book, and often incorporates editorial footnotes and glosses. The apparatus can appear quite cryptic to entrance, students unfamiliar with the forward assignment, formulaic abbreviations in scholarly use. For instance, below is an illustrative notation from Parent's homework dictionary A. V. C. Assignment To Save The World? Schmidt's criticus apparatus for Passus I, line 1, of the Everyman edition of William Langland's Piers Plowman , page 14: Collation WHmCrGYOC2CLMHRF. What? RUBRIC Passus primus de visione Wr (pr] Secundus F; de v.] de petri le ploughman BR; om O); om GC2. This notation indicates subsequent lines are collated together in thirteen of the surviving manuscripts, each manuscript being indicated by a special abbreviation.

Furthermore, the opening line in manuscripts W and r has a Latin title written in red ink (rubricated) as indicated, but another manuscript F has labeled it as secundus rather than primus, while the Pay it forward assignment to save, B and R manuscripts label it in a combination of French and Latin, and so on. Religious Homework Help Ss Peter? A good criticus apparatus helps document all this diversity by gathering it together, line-by-line, for convenient comparison at a glance, but the Pay it forward to save the world, editor presumes the reader knows the dictionary, dense, standardized abbreviations involved in this notation. For a clearer, hypothetical example, let us imagine Edgar Allan Poe has a poem surviving in forward to save, three slightly different forms. The most widespread version Poe had published by education homework and paul Smith Publishing early in his career. Ten years later, Poe revised the poem for assignment to save a new publisher, Baker Books, and they printed this revision a few years after Poe's death. Last of all, a third unpolished version survives in Poe's own handwritten notes. Scholars discover this last manuscript version squirreled away in the Morgan Library in 2012. Modern editors would compile these three sources and select what they consider the best text. However, they must not ignore the alternative versions by leaving them unnoted and unannotated; that would effectively erase them from history.

Accordingly, the dictionary dan mclaughlin, editors might add a criticus apparatus . Here, they would note the relevant line number and indicate alternatives. The first version by Smith Books (abbreviated S) has the phrase Conqueror Worme appear in line six. The version by Baker Books (abbreviated B) has a slightly different archaic spelling Conqueror Wyrm in Pay it forward the world, the same spot. Essay Paper Service Cheap? Finally, Poe's own original handwritten rough draft of the poem survives among his papers in the Morgan Library (abbreviated Ml). This manuscript uses the abbreviation Conqu. Wm. Pay It Forward? scrawled in Best my, that line.

Now, a modern scholar wants to publish an authoritative version of Pay it assignment to save Poe's poem a century later. This modern editor chooses to emend the line to entrance on writing, a standardized spelling of Conqueror Worm. The criticus apparatus at the bottom of the page might consist of a footnote such as this: 6 Conqeror Worm ] S: Conqueror Worme ; B: Conqueror Wyrm , Ml: Conqu. Wm . The 6 indicates line six as the section with variant readings. Pay It Assignment To Save The World? The words before the bracket ] show readers that the editor considers the Religious homework help ss peter, preceding version the best text for a modern reader--or at least the forward assignment to save, version the editor has chosen for his edition. The material after the bracket lists each variant source and indicates how the differing material appeared in that source as exactly as possible.

A criticus apparatus documents the known variations that might plausibly be accurate and reminds modern readers of the multiple possible versions an earlier audience might have experienced. This process is especially pertinent in classical and medieval studies, since in the pre-print era, handwritten texts often exhibited striking and even contradictory variant readings. For instance, in the case of The Aeneid , about 3,000 texts survive with each manuscript containing significant variations. In the case of Chaucer, about 82 versions of the Canterbury Tales survive, all with variant readings. About Military? In the case of Pay it assignment the world Shakespeare, striking differences appear in the F (folio) and Q1, Q2, Q3 (first, second, and third quarto) versions of his plays, and so on.

CROSSED RHYME : In long couplets, especially hexameter lines, sufficient room in the line allows a poet to use rhymes in military service uk best, the middle of the forward assignment, line as well as at the end of each line. Swinburne's Hymn to Proserpine illustrates its use: Thou hast conquered, O pale Galilean ; the world has grown grey from is a rhetorical uta Thy breath ; We have drunken of things Lethean , and fed on the fullness of death . Laurel is Pay it assignment the world, green for a season , and love is sweet for a day ; But love grows bitter with treason , and laurel outlives not May . In the excerpt above, the words in red are part of crossed rhyme, and the words in green are regular rhyme. Religious And Paul? Crossed rhyme is also called interlaced rhyme . Forward To Save? Contrast with internal rhyme and leonine rhyme . CROWN OF SONNETS : According to Shipley (142), an Religious ss peter interlinked poem or cycle of seven sonnets in which the last line of each of the first six serves as the last line of the next, and the last line of the seventh sonnet serves as the first line of the first sonnet. All other rhymes are used once only in the collection of the Pay it forward the world, entire seven sonnets. An English example would be Donne's La Corona, though the uk, structure is much more common in Italian poetry. A more complicated alternative structure is the forward assignment to save the world, so-called heroic crown of homework dictionary sonnets (alias the forward assignment, sonnet redoublé ), which is similar in structure but consists of 15 rather than 7 sonnets in total, but which follows the same rules for rhyme repetitions (Shipley 530). CTHULHU MYTHOS (also spelled Cthulu and dan mclaughlin Kutulu , pronounced various ways): Strongly influential in pulp science fiction and early twentieth-century horror stories , the Cthulhu mythos revolves around a pantheon of malign alien beings worshipped as gods by half-breed cultists.

These aliens were invented and popularized by pulp fiction horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. The name Cthulhu comes from Lovecraft's 1928 short story, The Call of Cthulhu, which introduces the creature Cthulhu as a gigantic, bat-winged, tentacled, green monstrosity who once ruled planet earth in prehistoric times. Currently in a death-like state of hibernation, it now awaits an opportunity to rise from the underwater city of R'lyeh and plunge the earth once more into darkness and terror. Assignment To Save? August Derleth later coined the Essay service cheap uk, term Cthulhu mythos to describe collectively the settings, themes, and alien beings first imagined by assignment to save Lovecraft but later adapted by pulp fiction authors like Clark Ashton Smith, Robert E. Howard, Robert Bloch, Henry Kuttner, and Brian Lumley. Some common elements, motifs, and characters of the mythos include the paper writing uk, following: CULTURAL SYMBOL: A symbol widely or generally accepted as meaning something specific within an entire culture or social group, as opposed to a contextual symbol created by forward assignment a single author that has meaning only Religious education homework help, within a single work or group of works. Examples of cultural symbols in Western culture include the cross as a symbol of assignment the world Christianity, the American flag as a symbol of America's colonial history of thirteen colonies growing into fifty states, the gold ring as a symbol of marital commitment, the Caduceus as a symbol of medicine, and the color black as a symbol of mourning. Examples of cultural symbols in dan mclaughlin, other cultures include white as a symbol of mourning in forward to save, Japan, the Yin-Yang sphere as an oriental symbol of oppositional forces in balance, the white crane as a symbol of longevity in Mandarin China, and so forth. Any writer in a specific culture could use one of these symbols and be relatively confident that the reader would understand what each symbol represented.

Thus, if a writer depicted a pedophilic priest as trampling a crucifix into the mud, it is What is a analysis uta, likely the reader would understand this action represents the way the priest tramples Christian ideals, and so forth. Contrast with contextual symbol and archetype . CYBERPUNK MOVEMENT : (1) A loose school of science fiction authors including William Gibson, Bruce Stirling, Rudy Rucker, and Neal Stephenson who rose in popularity in the 1980s and 1990s. (2) A science fiction subgenre that shares the Pay it forward assignment the world, concerns and Parent's dictionary features of Pay it forward assignment those works produced by the cyberpunk school. Features of their novels and short stories in education help and paul, this period include the following motifs: Common themes include the dehumanization, commodification, and mechanization of the Pay it assignment the world, individual; the What is a rhetorical analysis uta, negative effects of commercialization upon society; and forward assignment to save implicit philosophical questions regarding consciousness and sensory reality. These cyberpunk authors have been profoundly influential in Essay service, late twentieth-century science fiction films (such as Strange Days , Robocop , etc.) and Japanese anime , where cyberpunk elements have become so common as to be almost cliché . The metaverse or the Net imagined by these early authors in the 1980s have been seen as prophetic of the later real-world rise of the forward to save, internet after 1993. Examples of novels, anthologies, short stories, and other literary works from the cyberpunk movement include Neuromancer , Mona Lisa Overdrive , Islands in Parent's, the Net , and Johnny Mnemonic. (The last of these has been adapted into an awful film that bears little similarity to the original short story.) More recently, Neal Stephenson's Snow Crash has put a more satirical spin on forward assignment the world the genre . CYCLE : In general use, a literary cycle is any group of closely related works. We speak of the Scandinavian, Arthurian , and Charlemagne cycles, for instance. These refer collectively to many poems and stories written by various artists over several centuries. These cycles all deal with Scandinavian heros, King Arthur and essay 2014 my his knights, or the legends of King Charlemagne respectively. Forward Assignment To Save The World? More specifically, a mystery cycle refers to the complete set of mystery plays performed during the Parent's, Corpus Christi festival in medieval religious drama (typically 45 or so plays, each of Pay it assignment to save the world which depicted a specific event in biblical history from the creation of the world to the last judgment).

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Peter the Great simplified the alphabet in 1708, so the lettering required less ornate design, and Pay it forward to save later modifiers removed four characters as redundant in 1918. The present alphabet consists of thirty letters, mostly phonetic, though it does not show the stress of syllables (5). CYWYDD (plural, cywyddau) : A fourteenth-century metrical form of Welsh lyric poetry consisting of rhyming couplets with each line having seven syllables. Traditionally, in each couplet, the lines end with alternately stressed and What rhetorical essay unstressed meter. In terms of content, cywyddau traditionally include examples of dyfalu --strings of unusual comparisons similar to metaphysical conceits. The genre is associated with the poet Dafydd ap Gwilym. CYWDD DEUAIR HIRION : In Welsh prosody, the term refers to a form of light verse consisting of a single couplet with seventeen syllables. The first line has a masculine ending and the last line a feminine ending. CYWYDD LLOSGYRNOG : A type of Welsh verse consisting of a sestet stanza in which the syllable count is Pay it forward assignment to save, eight, eight, seven, eight, eight, and seven respectively.

The first two lines rhyme and cross-rhyme with the middle syllable of the Essay writing cheap, sixth line and the third and sixth lines rhyme with each other. Rime coueé or tail-rhyme has a similar scheme.

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