Protein purification phd thesis

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Jan 27, 2018 Protein purification phd thesis, order essay and get it on time -

Posted in Best Yankees by position. Left field has been a place to visit more than a place to stay for the Yankees. Protein. I list the five best, but they won’t necessarily be the Primary volcanoes national five you were thinking of. And the phd thesis discussions of criteria and the outfielders who didn’t make the list may be more interesting than the five best (at least beyond number one). This position could not be a sharper contrast between the Yankees and the Red Sox, who had Hall of Best excuses Famers (Ted Williams, Carl Yastrzemski and Jim Rice) defending the phd thesis Green Monster from 1940 to 1986, each of them owning the position and me a science playing more than 1,500 games in left (Williams and Yaz each topped 1,900). The only phd thesis Yankee Hall of Famer on this list actually played more at another position and will be a surprise to Comment dissertation many here (he doesn’t even make either of the left-fielder lists I linked at the end of this post). But I don’t bar players from being on the top-5 list at multiple positions. Lots of purification phd thesis other Yankee Hall of at work Famers played left field, but not long enough or well enough to purification phd thesis make this list. More on them later.

I was surprised to learn that Babe Ruth actually played 1,048 career games in left field (almost as many as the 1,132 games he played in right). He played 891 left-field games for the Yankees. Baseball-Reference.com doesn’t have complete breakdowns of Best site sell books price his offensive performance by position. He started 132 of his 152 games in 1921 in left, and he led the purification league that year in homers (59), RBI (168), runs (177), walks (145), on-base percentage (.512), slugging (,846), OPS (1.359) and total bases (457). His .378 batting average was third in the league. No Yankee left fielder ever had a better season. In 1926, Ruth played 82 games in Primary homework help volcanoes, left field, 68 in right and two at first base. No need for all the numbers, but he led the Protein purification American League in the same stats that year, too. In his epic 60-homer season of 1927, Ruth played more in right field than left, but still played 56 games in left. I actually had this list completed and looked Ruth up to list first in the section of Hall of Famers who didn’t make the list, presuming he played a few games here. But when I noticed how many games he played, I had to figure out where he belonged.

And he belongs at the top. Research Science Fair Project. Even though left field wasn’t his primary position, he played enough to Protein phd thesis nail down the writing for behavior top spot here. No Yankee left fielder ever played better. Charlie Keller played left field for 874 games, scattered over 13 seasons, all with the Yankees. Protein. I almost didn’t give “King Kong” this slot because he played over 100 games in left only four seasons. But I favor peak performance over paper science fair longevity, and Keller’s peak was strong and his longevity looks stronger on closer examination. After splitting time between left and right his first two seasons (including the Protein purification phd thesis first of five All-Star selections in 1940), Keller became the starter in 1941. Best Site Price. He was the left-field starter except for missing the 1944 season and Protein purification most of 1945 to military service until a slipped disc sidelined him after only 45 games in 1947. (He still made the Help writing for behavior All-Star team that year.) He never returned to his star form after back surgery.

For an Protein phd thesis, eight-year stretch, he was playing important time in Best site used books, left field for Protein the Yankees, except when in rediger une bonne, the military. Protein Purification. He’s one of only Help two Yankees to command the position that long. Keller’s performance in Protein purification, those eight seasons was stellar: three 100-RBI seasons, three 100-run seasons and three 30-homer seasons, scattered over five seasons. He led the American League in walks in 1940 and Online writing apple ’43. In four World Series (three of them as champions), he hit .306 with five homers and 18 RBI in purification, 19 games.

Roy White was the Yankees’ longest-serving left fielder by far, 1,521 games at the position. He played left field from 1966 to me a paper science 1979, spending his whole career with the purification Yankees. Online Apple. Nine of those seasons, he played more than 100 games, including starting every game in left in 1973. In the rankings by Protein purification phd thesis, other bloggers at the end of this post, White ranks first in one and eighth in another, an indication of how difficult it is to rank the Yankees’ left fielders. I think third reflects his longevity as well as the sell books consistent quality of purification phd thesis his play. His patience through some grim Yankee seasons was rewarded with championship seasons three of Primary volcanoes his final four years (World Series championships in 1977-78 and an A.L. championship in ’76). White played well in the post-season, particularly the 1978 World Series, when he hit .333 (8-for-24) with nine runs scored, a homer, four RBI and two stolen bases. If Bucky Dent hadn’t been so hot, White might have been the Series MVP.

White was good, but not great, with the bat and the glove and on the basepaths. I gave Keller the phd thesis edge because he had more great seasons, but White had more good seasons. He never hit .300 for homework excuses a full season, but four times hit in the .290s and had a .271 career average. He never hit more than 22 homers, but hit 10 or more in eight seasons and had 160 for his career. He was in double figures in stolen bases every full season he played, with a peak of 31 in 1976 and 233 for his career. He never reached 100 RBI in a season, but had nine seasons of 50 or more, peaking at 94 in 1970 (one of his two All-Star seasons). He led the purification phd thesis league with 104 runs scored in 1976 (one of two 100-run seasons) and in walks with 99 in 1972. Never spectacular, but solid for more than a decade. As noted above, I generally favor peak performance over longevity, and Hideki Matsui was a better hitter than White, with four 100-RBI seasons and a high of Online writing apple 31 homers, three 100-run seasons and two .300 seasons. But White’s huge advantage on the basepaths and in longevity gave him the edge for No.

2. Matsui was a Yankee just seven years, to 15 for White, and started in left field only Protein four of those years. If his 2009 World Series MVP performance had come as the left fielder instead of the homework excuses at work DH, I might have pushed Matsui up a notch, but he’ll have to settle for third place. Protein Purification Phd Thesis. Johnny Damon played left field, even in the three games in Philadelphia (Matsui pinch-hit in all three games). Bob Meusel played left field more than any other position, 626 games for the Yankees. But he alternated between left and homework excuses right, and never actually played 100 games in Protein phd thesis, left in any single season. But he was a heck of a hitter, playing lots and regularly in left. In 1925, when he played 88 games in left, 44 in right and 27 at third base, Meusel led the American League with 33 homers and 134 RBI (one of five 100-RBI seasons). Comment Une Bonne Dissertation. His batting average in Protein purification, 10 Yankee seasons was .311, and left field was his primary position seven of me a research project those seasons. As you’ll see shortly, greater Yankees played in left field, but they didn’t play there as long or as well as Meusel, even though he wasn’t anchored in left. Other Hall of Fame Yankee left fielders. In addition to The Babe, at least seven Hall of Famers played left field for the Yankees, but all are known better for playing at Protein purification phd thesis other positions and/or for other teams:

Dave Winfield played in left his first three seasons as a Yankee, 1981-3. He was No. 5 on at work, this list until I learned how much Babe played in left. Winfield was an All-Star all three left-field seasons and topped 100 RBI in both full seasons (’81 was shortened by a strike). He also won two Gold Gloves. Protein. I could have moved Winfield ahead of Meusel based on playing much more in left all three seasons than Meusel played in any season. But Meusel played almost 300 more games in left and played better in the post-season. And Winfield’s best Yankee years came in right field.

I presumed Rickey Henderson would be in une bonne dissertation, the top five and maybe even top the list. Purification. But I was surprised to see that he played only one full season in left for the Yankees. Write Paper. I was remembering incorrectly that his center field hitch was pretty short. But it was the purification phd thesis full 1985 and ’86 seasons. And ’85 was easily Henderson’s best season as a Yankee. Joe DiMaggio played more games in Primary homework national, left field (64) than center (55) his rookie year, before becoming the Yankees’ regular center fielder. Mickey Mantle played left field mostly in 1965. Earle Combs, another center fielder, played 215 games in left. Yogi Berra played 148 games in phd thesis, left, 81 of them in 1961, when it was his primary position.

Enos Slaughter earned his Hall of Fame perch in his years with the rediger St. Louis Cardinals (playing mostly right field). But late in his career, he played 100 games in left for the Yankees, spread across four seasons playing part-time. By the way, I checked and Hall of Famer Reggie Jackson and should-be Hall of Famer Roger Maris played left field for the A’s but never for the Yankees. I’m going to guess that Willie Keeler appeared in Protein phd thesis, left field sometime, though Baseball-Reference.com doesn’t break down his outfield appearances by position. The Hall of Write paper science Fame lists right field as his primary position. The Yankees were the Protein purification Highlanders then, and I’m focusing on actual Yankees here. Two Yankees who belong in the Hall of Fame also played left field: Elston Howard, who had a better career than the white catchers chosen by the Hall of rediger dissertation Fame Veterans Committee, played 227 games in left field, his primary position in 1956 and ’57, when Berra was still the primary starter at catcher. I’d be surprised if he ever makes the Hall of Fame.

Tim Raines, who has his last shot next year on the writers’ ballot for the Hall of Fame, played about 50 games a year in left field for phd thesis the 1997-99 Yankees. His Cooperstown credentials are based mostly on his years with the Help for behavior Expos and White Sox, but he won his championships with the Protein phd thesis Yankees. Also playing left field (almost 50 games) for in assignment the 1990s Yankees was Darryl Strawberry, a former National League home run leader who appeared headed for Cooperstown before cocaine addiction sidetracked his career. I was thinking Johnny Damon might have a shot at the fifth spot on the list, but he played mostly center for the Yankees. His only Protein phd thesis full-time season in Write me a, left for the Yankees was 2009, a good season, but not good enough to move him onto the list. Protein Purification. I think Damon’s shot at Cooperstown rested on reaching 3,000 hits, but he retired at 2,769.

Brett Gardner could push his way onto this list in a few years. Write Science Fair Project. He’s been the Yankees’ primary left fielder for four seasons (plus 2013 in center) and phd thesis his hitting is improving. Best At Work. He led the league with 49 steals in 2011, but he isn’t the hitter Meusel was. I thought Lou Piniella might make the fifth spot on purification, this list (he’s fifth on both of the lists linked at Comment une bonne dissertation the end of this post). Phd Thesis. But as I did my research, I found that he never started 100 games in left field in a season. Gene Woodling’s autograph on a ball belonging to my son Tom. Gene Woodling started 100 or more games in left field four straight championship years for the Yankees (1950-53), but he never played more than 125 games for the Yankees, never hit 20 homers or drove in 70 runs. He hit .300 a couple times and led the league with a .429 on-base percentage in 1953. On longevity, he deserves consideration for the fifth spot, but he was never a full-time player.

He was one of Casey Stengel’s platoon players. David Justice played only 59 games in Primary help volcanoes, left for the Yankees. Chad Curtis hit two homers in the 1998 World Series, but didn’t play left field long enough or well enough (except in that World Series) to push his way onto Protein purification the list, even with my bias in favor of Primary homework national post-season play. Chuck Knoblauch moved to left field after his defensive troubles at second base started. Even Jose Canseco played four games in left for the Yankees. Protein Phd Thesis. And a lot of Yankee left fielders played way more than that, but I’m not going to list them all here. As I noted at the top, the Red Sox had three straight Hall of Comment une bonne Fame left fielders covering most of four-plus decades, except the breaks for Protein Williams’ military service. Throw in Best books, Manny Ramirez and Mike Greenwell, and the Red Sox clearly have the best tradition in left field.

The St. Louis Cardinals (Joe Medwick, Stan Musial for 929 games, Lou Brock), Pittsburgh Pirates (Fred Clarke, Ralph Kiner, Willie Stargell) and Washington Senators/Minnesota Twins (Goose Goslin, Heinie Manush and 471 games of Harmon Killebrew) also had three Hall of Fame left fielders. The A’s have two (Henderson and Al Simmons). The Yankees’ left-field tradition might rank somewhere between fifth and Protein seventh, if not lower. I explained my criteria in the post on first basemen, so if this seems familiar, it’s because I cut and pasted that explanation here, then adapted it for left fielders. If a player is in Online help apple, the Hall of Fame (Ruth) or belongs there (Howard and Raines), that carries considerable weight with me. If Howard had played left primarily or Raines had played for phd thesis the Yankees in his prime, they would have made the list, probably second place. I value both peak performance and longevity, but peak performance more. That’s why Ruth and Keller, who didn’t play as long in left as White, ranked ahead of him. Measures of peak performance, such as MVP awards and Help leading leagues in important stats, will move a person up my list.

All the other left fielders together didn’t lead the league in important stats as Yankees as many times as Ruth did. Few ballplayers actually matter in the broader culture beyond baseball, but Ruth did and that counted for him, too. I rank players primarily on their time with the team, so Keller and White stand out purification phd thesis, not just for their strong careers, but because all their time was spent with the Yankees. Time at the position is important, too. Winfield missed the list because he played only three seasons in left field.

Look for him on my right field list. Post-season play and championship contributions matter a lot to me. Winfield made one post-season for the Yankees and hit 1-for-22 in the 1981 World Series. George Steinbrenner’s “Mr. May” shot was cruel and unwarranted, but all the people on the list played well in Online writing help apple, the post-season and phd thesis contributed to Yankee championships. This factor didn’t play into any of these decisions, but if two players were dead even at homework a position for phd thesis the Yankees, I would have moved the one with the better overall career ahead. For instance, if Winfield or Henderson had been tied with someone, their years with the Padres, Blue Jays, A’s, etc. would have pushed them ahead. Special moments matter, too.

Ruth had a few of Help in assignment for behavior those. Other rankings of Yankee left fielders. Unless noted otherwise, statistics cited here come from Baseball-Reference.com. The 5 best third basemen in Yankee history. When I ranked the Yankees’ best 50 starting pitchers, I decided that use of phd thesis performance-enhancing drugs wouldn’t be a major factor. I would rank players based on their performance as Yankees, and if two players were even in that ranking, the player who wasn’t tainted by drug use would get the nod. Price. But I wouldn’t totally discount a player based on PED use. Protein Purification. So Roger Clemens ranked 16th among Yankee starters.

I’m taking the same approach with position players. I love Graig Nettles and Online help apple I don’t like Alex Rodriguez. But I’m ranking them by performance as Yankees. Each has played 11 years for phd thesis the Yankees (Nettles played more games at third base, but A-Rod has played over 1,000 games there). Rodriguez has better Yankee stats in virtually every offensive category. Best Homework. He won two MVP awards as a Yankee, both at third, and Nettles’ best showing in MVP voting was fifth place in 1977. A-Rod’s a seven-time All-Star as a Yankee, Nettles five.

As a Yankee, A-Rod led the league in homers twice, RBI once, runs scored twice, slugging three times and Protein purification OPS once. Site Sell Price. Nettles led the league in homers once. A-Rod’s post-season hitting has been awful most of the time, but Nettles wasn’t a great post-season hitter most of the time either. Nettles was a better fielder, but A-Rod has to rank first here. Of course Nettles ranks second. Purification Phd Thesis. I’ve noted before that he belongs in the Hall of Fame. He would have a few more than his two Gold Gloves if he hadn’t had the misfortune to start playing when Brooks Robinson won that award every single year. Nettles’ Game Three defensive performance in Help writing for behavior, the 1978 World Series was as good a post-season game as any fielder ever had.

Despite overall weak hitting in the post-season, Nettles sizzled in Protein purification phd thesis, the 1981 American League Championship Series, going 6-for-12 with 9 RBI in just three games and being named MVP. He was a defensive, offensive and leadership anchor for the Yankees’ 1976-81 run that included two world championships, two more A.L. championships and a fifth division title. He’s an easy choice for No. 2 here. And, if I were going to discount A-Rod’s achievements because he’s a drug cheat, I’d need to discount Nettles for loading his bat with Super Balls. Red Rolfe baseball card image from homework, Wikimedia. Red Rolfe was an Protein, All-Star four of his 10 seasons (all with the research science project Yankees), winning five World Series. He led the league with 213 hits, 139 runs and 46 doubles in 1939, his best season and the Yankees’ fourth straight as champions.

He topped .300 four seasons as a Yankee and hit a solid .284 in six World Series, emerging as champions in five of them. The Yankees have done alright with Ivy League players. Lou Gehrig went to Columbia, Rolfe to Dartmouth. Rolfe also coached at purification phd thesis Dartmouth and in the professional Basketball Association of America. He managed the Tigers for parts of three seasons (including a second-place finish behind the Yankees in Best, 1950) and part of a fourth. Wade Boggs played his best years in Boston, but was an All-Star and .300 hitter the first four of his five seasons as a Yankee.

The last of those four All-Star seasons, 1996, Boggs won his only purification world championship, celebrating on horseback. Scott Brosius gets the fifth spot on this list, based on four seasons that all ended in sell books price, the World Series, three of Protein purification phd thesis them with victories and one with a Game-Seven, ninth-inning loss. He won an Help writing for behavior, All-Star selection and purification a Gold Glove for the Yankees, and in the post-season he hit eight homers and drove in 30 runs. His two homers in Game Three of the 1998 World Series, including a three-run eighth-inning blast with the Yankees trailing 3-2, helped him win the World Series MVP. Gil McGougald’s autograph (along with Hank Bauer’s, Ed Lopat and Eddie Madjeski. As I mentioned in my post on second basemen, Gil McDougald would rank ahead of some of these players on a list of all-time best Yankees. But he kept switching positions. Writing For Behavior. He was Rookie of the Year (in 1951) and Protein phd thesis an All-Star (in 1952) playing primarily at third. But he played more games at second (599) than at third (508).

That’s almost as many games as Brosius played at third for the Yankees, but Brosius was better in in assignment writing, the World Series, hitting .314 to just .237 for McDougald. Joe Sewell is actually in the Hall of Fame, but that’s primarily for his decade at purification phd thesis shortstop for the Indians, not for his final three years, playing third base for the Yankees, 1931-33. Best Sell Books Price. The same is purification phd thesis, true of Wade Boggs (except that he stayed at third base), but he played longer for the Yankees and was stronger at that stage of his career than Sewell. Hall of Famer Frank “Home Run” Baker finished his career for the Yankees, after earning his Dead-Ball-Era nickname for the Philadelphia A’s, leading the league four straight years in Best, homers, without ever hitting more than a dozen. He started only four years for the Yankees and, in an age of inflated batting stats, topped .300 only once for purification the Yankees. And he never led the league in Help in assignment, any batting category for the Yankees. Robin Ventura played only purification one full season, 2002, with the Yankees, but he was an All-Star, hitting 27 homers and driving in 93 runs. I really liked Clete Boyer when I was young, and he’d have won some Gold Gloves except that he played third base in the American League in the era of Brooks Robinson (he did win one after being traded to the Braves). He played longer for the Yankees (eight years, seven as a starter) than Brosius or Boggs, but they were better hitters by far. Joe Dugan hit better than Boyer in his seven years with the 1920s Yankees, but I still rank Boggs and Brosius higher.

It does seem odd not to have any Yankees from the 1920s, ’50s or ’60s on this list, but I think I have the site books right top 5. Aaron Boone had a better special moment than any Yankee third baseman, but didn’t even play a full season for Protein purification phd thesis the Yankees. At Work. And even in phd thesis, the post-season, he hit just .170. But one of those hits will live forever in Yankee fans’ memories. Which team has been best at third? We don’t have a clear winner for the team with the best tradition at third base. The Red Sox (Boggs and Jimmy Collins) and Orioles (Robinson and homework Cal Ripken Jr., who played 675 games at third) are the only teams that were the Protein phd thesis primary teams for two Hall of Fame third basemen. The Pirates have Hall of Famer Pie Traynor and Bill Madlock, a four-time batting champ. The Cubs had Hall of Famer Ron Santo and Write me a research science Madlock.

The Braves had Hall of phd thesis Famer Eddie Mathews, certain Hall of Help writing for behavior Famer Chipper Jones and MVPs Bob Elliott and Terry Pendleton. Without researching the Protein purification phd thesis other third basemen on any of these teams, I’d guess the Braves probably have the homework excuses at work strongest tradition. But the Yankees are a contender and probably no worse than third or fourth. I explained my criteria in the post on first basemen, so if this seems familiar, it’s because I cut and pasted that explanation here, then adapted it for purification third basemen. If a player is in excuses at work, the Hall of Fame (Boggs), belongs there (Nettles) or would be a Hall of purification phd thesis Famer if not for scandal (A-Rod), that carries considerable weight with me. Boggs, Sewell and Baker joined the Yankees late in Best sell used, their Hall of Fame careers, but only Boggs was still playing at a Hall of Fame level (if in a bit of decline). Protein. Sewell and Baker weren’t nearly as good in their Yankee years. If two players were dead even at rediger une bonne dissertation a position for Protein phd thesis the Yankees, I would have moved the one with the better overall career ahead. I think Boggs was a bit ahead of Brosius as a Yankee, but his total career made that decision easier.

I value both peak performance and longevity, but peak performance more. A-Rod’s MVP’s and league crowns helped secure the une bonne dissertation top spot on the list. I rank players primarily on their time with the team, but Rolfe is the only career Yankee on this list. Except if I needed a tie-breaker, I don’t count Boggs’ years with the Red Sox, Nettles’ with the Indians and Padres or A-Rod’s with the Protein purification Mariners and Rangers. Post-season play and championship contributions matter a lot to me. All the contenders for the fifth spot contributed to multiple champions, but Brosius played the best in Comment rediger une bonne, the World Series.

A-Rod’s poor post-season play might have dropped him to second place if Nettles had been closer in regular-season offensive performance. Special moments matter, too. Nettles’ stellar defensive plays in purification, the ’78 World Series and Brosius’ memorable 1998 homer helped seal their rankings. If Boone had played a few good years for the Yankees, his special moment would have pushed him onto Best excuses at work the list. Other rankings of top Yankee third basemen. Unless noted otherwise, statistics cited here come from Baseball-Reference.com. The 5 best shortstops in Yankee history. My Derek Jeter rookie card.

This call couldn’t be easier. What more can I say? He’ll be a first-ballot Hall of Famer, close to a unanimous choice despite the strong anti-Yankee bias of purification phd thesis voters. If Ozzie Smith, Cal Ripken Jr., Honus Wagner and Comment rediger une bonne dissertation Ernie Banks had been Yankees, this would at purification phd thesis least be a contest. And Jeter would still win.

Phil Rizzuto’s autograph on a ball belonging to my son Mike. Phil Rizzuto is a pretty easy choice for this spot, too. Write Research Fair Project. Until Jeter is eligible, the Scooter is the only Yankee shortstop in the Hall of Fame. He played all 13 years of his career for the Yankees (with a three-year break for military service during World War II). He played all but two of phd thesis his 1,649 career games at shortstop. Volcanoes National. He was the MVP in 1950.

He was a five-time All-Star. He contributed to seven Yankee World Series championships and is sixth all-time in World Series games played, eighth in hits with 45, fourth in walks with 30 and tied for third in stolen bases with 10. Rizzuto was the best American League shortstop of his time. My Bucky Dent bobblehead. In my ranking criteria, I note that special moments are important to me. And few moments stand out more in Protein, Yankee history than Bucky Dent‘s home run to take the lead on Boston in Primary homework volcanoes, the 1978 one-game playoff.

He continued his hot hitting in the World Series, going 10-for-25 with 7 RBI and winning the Series MVP award. Dent was an All-Star two of his six Yankee years. Based on regular-season performance, he wouldn’t rank this high and might not even make the top five. But Yankee shortstops are pretty tightly bunched behind Jeter and Rizzuto, and Dent’s October performance in 1978 pushes him ahead of the Protein pack. I have to give my wife, Mimi, some credit here: Earlier in Help in assignment for behavior, the 1978 season, on July 3, Dent was coming to the plate in Protein, a game against the Red Sox. Help Volcanoes. She liked his name and predicted he’d hit a homer. I condescendingly informed her that he was a singles hitter (he hit just 40 homers in his career and just five that season). Protein. But two of the Best homers were against the Red Sox: the one Mimi called in July and Protein phd thesis the one that propelled the Yankees into the post-season in October.

I generally don’t like sideline interviews before and during games. They are far more filled with cliches than insight or humor. But my favorite such moment was when Steve Lyons interviewed Dent during a Yankees-Red Sox playoff game (in 2003, I’m guessing). Lyons told Dent that he thought Red Sox fans might not know his real middle name, so Lyons asked what it was. Dent deadpanned “Earl.” I don’t hold his awful 1989-90 managing tenure against Comment une bonne him, but don’t look for him in my ranking of best Yankee managers. Tony Kubek had a better post-playing career as a broadcaster than Dent had as a manager.

But this is Protein, a ranking of shortstops, and I give Dent the Best at work nod based on his October 1978 play. But you could easily rank Kubek third. He played nine years for the Yankees, compared to just six for Dent. But Dent played exclusively at purification short, 694 games. Kubek played more games at shortstop for the Yankees (882), but also played 145 games in the outfield and 55 at Best site books third base. Kubek was a better hitter for the Yankees (.266 to .237) with more power (he hit 14 homers in 1960, and Dent never reached double figures in a season). Kubek was a three-time world champion and three-time All-Star, one more than Dent on each count. But Kubek hit .240 in 37 World Series games. Protein. Dent hit .349 in 12.

Kubek’s career advantages in Help in assignment writing, the regular season are not enough, in my view, to offset Dent’s spectacular play when it mattered most. Kubek’s most memorable post-season moment was the Protein phd thesis bad-hop groundball that hit him in the throat in Game Seven of the 1960 World Series. It was a potential double play, but instead it left two runners on base with no outs in sell price, the bottom of the eighth inning. The Pirates went on to score five runs that inning, taking a 9-7 lead and setting the Protein phd thesis stage for Bill Mazeroski’s Series-winning homer after the Yankees tied the game in the top of the ninth. The bad hop wasn’t Kubek’s fault, but Dent’s big moments in the Red Sox playoff game and against writing help apple the Dodgers in Protein phd thesis, the World Series place him ahead of Kubek. Frank Crosetti’s autograph (just above a Whitey Ford autograph) on a ball belonging to my son Tom. You could also rank Frankie Crosetti third or fourth. With 17 seasons as a Yankee, eight of them as the starting shortstop, and many more years coaching, Crosetti’s Yankee tenure seemed endless. His playing career spanned from the writing late years of Babe Ruth’s career to the early years of Yogi Berra’s.

Crosetti was a two-time All-Star, but was relegated to a backup role in 1941, Rizzuto’s rookie season. He led the league seven times in getting hit by pitches and in 1938 led the A.L. Purification Phd Thesis. with 27 stolen bases. Une Bonne Dissertation. But Crosetti was a weak hitter, .245 for his career and twice leading the league in strikeouts. Though the Yankees won six of the seven World Series he played in, Crosetti hit only .174. I feel comfortable ranking Dent and Kubek ahead of Crosetti, because they were better, but he played almost as many games at purification shortstop for the Yankees as the two of them combined. Best Books Price. So he gets the Protein phd thesis fifth spot on the list. The Yankees didn’t have a lot of me a research science project great shortstops. Mark Koenig started four years, including for the great 1927 Murderer’s Row Yankees and Protein hit .319 one year. Everett Scott was even more unremarkable as a three-year starter earlier in the ’20s. Leo Durocher, better known as a manager (but not for the Yankees), played two seasons at shortstop for New York. You’d have to be a hard-core Yankee fan to remember the nine starting shortstops who filled the gap between Dent and Jeter.

I couldn’t until I looked them up. Joe Sewell, a Hall of Fame shortstop, finished his career with Yankees (1931-33), but he had moved to third base by excuses, then. Update: Stuart Warner pointed out on Facebook that I omitted Tom Tresh. I liked Tresh as a young Yankee fan, but correctly remembered that he played more outfield than shortstop (only 351 games, including 1962, when he was an All-Star and Rookie of the Year. He doesn’t belong on the top-five list, but definitely among “the rest.” There’s not a clear team with the strongest shortstop tradition, but the Protein purification Yankees are in contention. The Pirates (with Honus Wagner, Arky Vaughan and Rabbit Maranville) and Orioles (Cal Ripken Jr., Luis Aparicio and Bobby Wallace when they were the St. Writing Help Apple. Louis Browns) each have more Hall of Protein purification Famers at shortstop than the Help in assignment Yankees, even if you count Jeter before his election makes it official. The Giants had 19th-Century shortstops George Davis and John Ward, plus Travis Jackson, one of the most outrageous examples of purification phd thesis how easy Hall of Fame selection has been for players from the 1920s). The White Sox (Aparicio and Luke Appling), Cubs (Joe Tinker and Best books price Ernie Banks) and Indians (Lou Boudreau and Protein Sewell) each match the Yankees with two Hall of Fame shortstops (counting Jeter). I’m not going to Help for behavior study the other teams’ shortstops who didn’t make it to Cooperstown, but I’d guess the Pirates (who also had 1960 MVP Dick Groat) might have the Protein purification phd thesis best tradition, with the Yankees ranking about fifth.

I explained my criteria in the post on first basemen, so if this seems familiar, it’s because I cut and Write me a paper project pasted that explanation here, then adapted it for shortstops. If a player is in the Hall of Fame (Rizzuto) or bound to get there (Jeter), that carries considerable weight with me. I rank players primarily on their time with the team, so Jeter, Rizzuto, Kubek and Crosetti stand out Protein, not just for their great careers, but because all their time was spent with the Yankees. Aparicio made it to Cooperstown and had Hall of Fame seasons for both the Orioles and me a science fair project White Sox, so he counts heavily for both teams, but not as heavily as Jeter or Ripken, who spent their full careers with one team. And Aparicio wouldn’t count much for the Red Sox, because his career was in phd thesis, decline when he reached Boston at volcanoes age 37. I value both peak performance and longevity, but peak performance more. That’s why Kubek finished ahead of Crosetti.

Measures of peak performance, such as MVP awards and leading leagues in Protein purification, important stats, will move a person up my list. Primary Homework Help National. Rizzuto is the Yankees’ only shortstop MVP, but Jeter was too far ahead of Protein purification phd thesis him in other respects for that to matter and writing help apple led the American League twice in hits and once in Protein, runs. Few ballplayers actually matter in the broader culture beyond baseball, but Jeter did (maybe Dent, too) and that counted for them. Time at the position is paper project, important, too. Banks had his best years at shortstop, so he counts heavily for the Cubs there, but he actually played more games at first base, so you can’t count his full career. Post-season play and purification championship contributions matter a lot to me. I should add that I don’t consider those to writing help be the same thing. Protein. Kubek and Crosetti contributed to more championships than Dent, but Dent played better in the post-season. This factor didn’t play into any of these decisions, but if two players were dead even at a position for the Yankees, I would have moved the one with the better overall career ahead. For instance, if Dent and Kubek had been equal as Yankees, Dent’s four years with the White Sox, including one year as and une bonne dissertation All-Star and finishing second for purification phd thesis Rookie of the Year another, would have broken the tie.

Special moments matter, too. Dent’s special moment, combined with the excellent World Series that followed, was a difference-maker here, separating him from both Kubek and Crosetti. I wish the Comment Polldaddy version with WordPress let you rank, rather than just voting for the best. Protein Purification Phd Thesis. I think I know how this will come out if people vote seriously: Other rankings of Yankee shortstops.

Unless noted otherwise, statistics cited here come from Baseball-Reference.com. The 5 best second basemen in Write me a research science project, Yankee history. I tried to talk myself out of Tony Lazzeri at second base, because I kept wanting someone to purification phd thesis be better. He’s not even a top 10 all-time second baseman. But he’s a Hall of Famer (albeit from the Write paper science ’20s and ’30s when that was easier than any time since).

And he played second base 12 years for the Yankees. Willie Randolph played 13 and I loved Randolph, but Lazzeri had more hits, homers and RBI as a Yankee, and a higher batting average. Lazzeri topped 100 RBI seven times and scored more than 100 runs twice (Randolph never topped 100 in either category). Phd Thesis. Lazzeri topped .300 in batting five times, including a .354 performance in site sell, 1929. He was a bona fide member of Murderer’s Row and clearly the best Yankee second baseman ever, somewhat to my surprise. He anchored the Protein purification phd thesis Yankee infield for five world-champion teams, bridging the site books price Ruth and DiMaggio years. This is an easier call than I anticipated.

I also expected Robinson Cano to rank lower on Protein, this list. I was surprised to see he had played nine years as a Yankee, but not surprised to see that he topped 100 RBI three times, scored 100 runs four times and hit over homework excuses 200 Yankee homers. I don’t know if he’s going to make the Protein Hall of Fame, or if he should, but he got his career off to writing for behavior a Hall of Fame start playing in New York. He also earned two Gold Gloves with spectacular, if not always consistent, defense. I tried to push the purification phd thesis other guys on this list above Cano because he kind of Best disappointed me with his post-season play (he was awful in Protein purification phd thesis, the 2009 World Series and hit only homework volcanoes national .222 in 51 post-season games). But his regular-season play pushed him up here and even gained him consideration for Protein purification No. 1.

I moved Randolph into third place because he played the position strongly on Online writing help, offense and defense for Protein the Yankees for 13 years. He was great at drawing walks (1,005 for the Yankees, including a league-leading 119 in 1980). Best Used Price. I think Randolph illustrates that I don’t argue for Hall of Fame election for every good Yankee player. Yes, he was better than some 1920s infielders in the Hall of Fame, but they don’t belong there and Protein phd thesis neither does he. Lou Whitaker and Frank White were better contemporary second basemen in the American League. Homework Help. But Randolph was a cornerstone of the Yankee champions of 1976-81, when they won two World Series, two more A.L. championships and a fifth division title. He was a six-time All-Star and phd thesis absolutely belongs on this list. Joe Gordon had to wait a while to get into the Hall of Fame not just because of anti-Yankee bias and the voters’ bias in favor of longevity. He also had to wait because he was the Write me a odd beneficiary in 1942 of the Protein purification phd thesis writers’ bias against Ted Williams. Gordon had an outstanding year: hitting .322 with 18 homers, 103 RBI and great defense for the pennant-winning Yankees. But Williams won the Triple Crown that year: .356, 36, 137.

Williams also led the league in runs (141), walks (145), total bases (388), on-base percentage (.499!), slugging (.648) and OPS (1.147). You know what Gordon led the league in? Strikeouts (95) and grounding into double plays (22). It was probably the most ridiculous MVP vote in history when the Baseball Writers’ Association of America voted Gordon the MVP over Comment rediger Williams. But that wasn’t Gordon’s fault. He didn’t have Hall of Fame career numbers, but he sacrificed two prime years to Protein purification phd thesis serve in the military during World War II. And he was an All-Star five straight years before going into the military and four straight years after coming back. How many players who were All-Stars nine straight seasons aren’t in the Hall of Fame? And it probably would have been 11 if the Comment war hadn’t interrupted his career. Gordon would rank ahead of Randolph based on his full career, but he played only seven years for the Yankees (he was traded to the Indians after the 1946 season for Allie Reynolds, who should join him in the Hall of Fame).

Gordon hit well in only two of Protein phd thesis his six World Series, but he helped the Yankees to Comment dissertation four world championships and the Indians to their last title, in 1948. In another interesting swap, Gordon went from the phd thesis Indians to the Tigers in 1960 for Jimmy Dykes in Best site used price, a rare trade of managers. My autographed photo of phd thesis Bobby Richardson. Bobby Richardson may have the biggest disparity between regular-season hitting and World Series hitting of anyone who played substantial World Series time. He was a good player, making seven All-Star teams, leading the league with 209 hits in 1962 and Best excuses at work finishing second to Mickey Mantle in the MVP vote that year. But he was only a .266 career hitter, with 34 homers and 390 RBI in 12 seasons, all with the purification Yankees.

In October, though, Richardson was something special. He set hitting records that still stand in rediger une bonne dissertation, three different World Series: In 1960, he drove in a record 12 runs, also scoring eight and hitting two triples and a grand slam (tying a record he still shares; no one has hit a second World Series grand slam). His 11 hits were one short of the record. He was the only World Series MVP ever from a losing team. Protein Phd Thesis. In 1961, his nine hits tied a record for a five-game series that he still shares. In 1964, he set a record that he still shares with 13 hits in a World Series.

He hit only 4-for-27 in the 1962 World Series, but that Series is still best remembered for his spectacular Game Seven catch of a Willie McCovey line drive, with Matty Alou on third with the tying run and Best excuses Willie Mays on Protein purification, second with the winner. While his stellar hitting in other Series was far better than his regular-season hitting, the defense was no surprise: 1962 was the second of five straight Gold Glove seasons for Richardson. Who else in Comment dissertation, World Series history set offensive records in phd thesis, three series and made a Series-saving defensive play in a fourth, all in a five-year stretch? If you were compiling an all-time World Series team, Richardson has to be your second baseman. I’ll disclose a bias here: Richardson was my childhood baseball hero, even above Mickey Mantle. I met him in the 1970s, when he came to a baseball event in Stanton, Iowa, and I was an Online help, editor in nearby Shenandoah.

That’s where I got the autographed photo. Billy Martin’s autograph on a ball belonging to Protein purification phd thesis my son Mike. I tried to get Billy Martin onto this list, but he played only seven years (three playing 100 or more games) for the Yankees. His only All-Star season was 1956. He hit .333 in World Series play, had a spectacular game-saving catch of his own and still shares the record for 12 hits in a six-game World Series (1953). Alfonso Soriano was spectacular in three years at second for the Yankees, leading the league in 2002 with 209 hits, 128 runs and 41 stolen bases (not to help mention 39 homers and purification phd thesis 102 RBI). But he played second base for the Yankees for just two years. And he was mostly horrible in the post-season, striking out 11 times against the Red Sox and nine times against the Marlins in the 2003 post-season. He didn’t play long enough at second for the Yankees or well enough in Help in assignment, October to push Richardson off this list. Chuck Knoblauch had a career to compare with some of the players on this list, if you count his Twin years, and he hit well for the Yankees and contributed to three World Series titles (plus a fourth with the Twins).

But you just can’t overlook the throwing problems (26 errors in 1999 and purification 15 in part-time play in 2000) that forced the Yankees to move him to left field. Speaking of throwing problems, Steve Sax had two All-Star years at second base for bad Yankees teams. National. Sax’s throwing problems were years earlier with the Dodgers. He played well at second for the Yankees, but not long enough to rank in the top five. Gil McGougald’s autograph (along with Hank Bauer’s, Ed Lopat and Eddie Madjeski. Gil McDougald might lead a list (if I ever make one) of Yankee utility players. He played his full 10-year career for the Yankees, making five All-Star teams. But he can’t rank very high at any position, having played 599 games at second, 508 at third and 284 at shortstop. Purification. He had only five seasons with 100 or more games at any one position, two at third base, two at second and one at shortstop. If you were ranking all-time Yankees at volcanoes all positions, he might pass up some people on this list, but not just ranking second basemen. Jerry Coleman was an All-Star in Protein purification phd thesis, 1950, but played only 572 games at second base.

He topped 100 games in Comment rediger dissertation, only four of his nine seasons, all with the Yankees. He’d rank below McDougald both as a second baseman and a utility fielder. With bigger stars all off to war in purification, 1944-45, Snuffy Stirnweiss led the American League twice each in hits, runs and writing stolen bases and in 1945 added titles in batting, slugging and purification OPS. Comment Une Bonne Dissertation. But he wasn’t as good with the major leagues at full strength. Phd Thesis. His only Best excuses All-Star year, 1946, he played more at third base than second. He was a significant contributor to the 1947 champions, but became a part-time player after that. Luis Sojo deserves special mention.

In parts of seven seasons with the Yankees, he did not play 100 games in Protein purification, a season even once, so he was never more than a part-time player. Best Excuses At Work. But Yankee fans will always appreciate his clutch 2000 post-season (9 RBI in 14 games). Similarly, Brian Doyle never played even 40 games in a season for the Yankees. Protein Purification. But when Randolph was injured for the 1978 post-season, Doyle hit .391. He was 7-of-16 with 3 RBI and 4 runs in the World Series, a pretty good place to play the best baseball of your career. I also must mention Horace Clarke, who followed Richardson at second base. He anchored the position from Write science fair project, 1967 to 1973, horrible years for the Yankees. He was a good fielder but a bad hitter.

I call the drought between the 1964 and 1976 World Series teams the “Horace Clarke years,” which probably isn’t fair to him. Phd Thesis. But the paper science fair Yankees weren’t very good then, and Protein purification neither was he. Other teams’ second base traditions. The Yankees are not a contender for the best tradition at second base. The Cardinals (Rogers Hornsby, Frankie Frisch, Red Schoendienst) and Cubs (Johnny Evers, Billy Herman, Ryne Sandberg) both were the rediger primary teams of three Hall of Protein phd thesis Fame second basemen, including someone who’d make most top-10 lists (Hornsby, Frisch, Sandberg). Online Writing. And the Cubs got Hornsby for an MVP season and three more years. The White Sox (Eddie Collins and Protein phd thesis Nellie Fox), Indians (Nap Lajoie and Gordon), Reds (Joe Morgan and Bid McPhee), A’s (Collins and Lajoie) and Giants (Frisch and a year of Hornsby) each matched the Yankees with two Hall of Fame second basemen. I haven’t researched this deeply enough to be confident with rankings (that might be a future post), but I see the Cubs at Write research paper project No.

1 here and Protein phd thesis the Yankees about fifth. I explained my criteria in the post on excuses, first basemen, so if this seems familiar, it’s because I cut and pasted that explanation here, then adapted it for phd thesis second basemen. If a player is in the Hall of Fame (Lazzeri), that carries considerable weight with me. I value both peak performance and longevity, but peak performance more. Cano didn’t play at second for the Yankees as long as Randolph, but Cano’s peaks were higher. I rank players primarily on their time with the team, so Lazzeri and Richardson stand out not just for Help in assignment writing for behavior their great careers, but because all their time was spent with the Yankees.

Frisch made it to Cooperstown and had Hall of Fame seasons for both the purification Giants and Cardinals, so he counts heavily for both teams, but not as heavily as Sandberg does for the Cubs, because he played most of his career and Online writing apple all of his great seasons in Chicago. Time at the position is important, too. Protein Purification Phd Thesis. If Soriano had stayed with the Yankees and moved to left field (as he did when he moved to me a paper science fair the Nationals in 2006, two years after the Yankees traded him to the Rangers), his performance in left field would only be a tie-breaker, not a big factor. Post-season play and championship contributions matter a lot to phd thesis me. I should add that I don’t consider those to be the same thing. Lazzeri contributed to five Yankee world championships, to three for Richardson, so that’s an price, advantage for Lazzeri. However, Richardson played better in phd thesis, the post-season (Lazzeri was good, but you don’t find him among all-time leaders, let alone record-holders, in World Series batting). If two players were dead even at a position for the Yankees, I moved the one with the Best site sell books better overall career ahead. For instance, Gordon’s play for the Indians (and his Hall of Fame election) helped me place him above Richardson for fourth place.

Special moments matter, too. If someone had been tied with Richardson on purification phd thesis, other factors, that catch to Best sell books price save the purification phd thesis 1962 World Series would have given Richardson the final spot on the list. Other rankings of Yankee second basemen. Unless noted otherwise, statistics cited here come from Baseball-Reference.com. The 5 best first basemen in Yankee history. Last year I wrote a series about Yankee starting pitchers that included a ranking of the top 50 starting pitchers.

That series was interrupted by the death of Yogi Berra, which prompted a post on the Yankees having a far greater tradition at Help for behavior catcher than any other team (I didn’t actually rank the top Yankee catchers initially, but I’ve added a ranking to make the post fit into this series). So I thought then I should open this baseball season (Yankees open this afternoon against purification phd thesis the Astros) by me a research paper science project, going around the diamond, reviewing the purification Yankees’ tradition at each position and ranking the top five Yankees. I’ll review the top five, then review where Yankees rank among other teams in our tradition at me a research science project that position (catcher’s not the only one where the phd thesis Yankees are the best). Then I’ll explain my ranking criteria. Today: first base. The best first baseman in Yankee history is an easy call: Lou Gehrig, probably the excuses best first baseman in baseball history. Gehrig leads all Yankee first basemen in career homers, RBI, hits, runs, batting, slugging and nearly every important statistical category, and has the Protein best single-season totals in several categories, too. He’s the only first baseman in the Hall of Online writing help apple Fame who was primarily a Yankee. He’s the only Yankee first baseman to Protein purification win a Triple Crown. And then there’s the consecutive-game streak. He led his league more times in Write me a research science fair, homers (three times) and RBI (five) than all the phd thesis other Yankee first basemen combined.

And on and on. This is an easy call. Don Mattingly is clear choice for No. 2 on this list. Best At Work. With 13 years as the Yankees’ starting first baseman, he’s second only to Gehrig and second in most career or single-season offensive categories, too. He’s the Protein phd thesis only Yankee first baseman other than Gehrig to win an MVP award or lead the league in batting, RBI or hits. In baseball history, only Write research science fair Keith Hernandez has more Gold Gloves at purification first base than Mattingly’s nine.

Though not primarily a home run hitter, Mattingly holds or shares the records for most grand slams in a season and most consecutive games with a homer. Here’s where the Best sell choices get a little murkier. Tino Martinez, Chris Chambliss, Jason Giambi and Mark Teixeira each played the position for the Yankees for seven years, and Moose Skowron played it for nine. Skowron has the most All-Star selections for Protein purification the Yankees (5), Giambi the site used price most homers (209), Teixeira the most Gold Gloves (three) and Chambliss hit the walk-off homer that made the phd thesis Yankees American League champions in Write science, 1976 after a post-season absence of 12 years. But I go here with Martinez, who led the purification phd thesis group with Yankee RBI (739) and stacks up well with the rest in Comment rediger dissertation, most other hitting numbers. Only Skowron could match Tino’s four world championships with the Yankees. Only Teixeira, with league-leading totals of 39 homers and 122 RBI in 2009, almost matched Martinez’s best season (44 homers and 141 RBI in 1997). Both Teixeira and Martinez finished second in purification, MVP voting their best Yankee years. And Martinez had some pretty special post-season homers, too.

Skowron’s regular-season stats don’t stand out among the other competitors here. But damn, he hit eight World Series homers (tied for seventh all-time) and drove in Comment rediger une bonne dissertation, 29 RBI (sixth). Protein Purification. Championship performance means a lot to me. I give Teixeira the nod here, based on that 2009 season (and his role in returning the Yankees to championship status that year). Chambliss won two world championships with the Yankees and Giambi had a nice run without any World Series titles. But Tex is a little better than either of them in my view. Plus he’s still playing, with plenty of opportunity to move up to third or fourth on this list.

My autographed Joe Pepitone card. Joe Pepitone, who played eight years at first for dissertation the Yankees and purification phd thesis was a three-time All-Star and three-time Gold Glove winner, and Wally Pipp, who played 11 years before losing his job to Write research fair Gehrig, are the best Yankee first basemen I haven’t mentioned yet. Joe Collins started at first base for the Yankees of the 1950s, but was never an Protein purification, All-Star, never hit 20 homers or drove in writing apple, 100 runs (or even 60) and never hit .300. He contributed to five Yankee championships, but hit only phd thesis .163 in World Series play. I’m not sure I’d include him on a list of 10 best Yankee first basemen. Several Yankee first basemen had their best years with other teams: Hall of sell Famer Johnny Mize, Felipe Alou, Bob Watson and Protein phd thesis Giambi. Center fielder Mickey Mantle spent his final two years at first base. Hal Chase’s SABR biography by Martin Kohout calls him the “most notoriously corrupt player in baseball history,” so I’m not going to dwell on rediger dissertation, him here. Purification. He was also a New York Highlander (before they became the Yankees), and Best sell used I’m ranking the best Yankees. You don’t want to phd thesis face a Yankee first baseman with the bases loaded.

Gehrig held the Comment une bonne career record for grand slams with 23, until he was finally passed by Alex Rodriguez (who, I should note, has played first base for the Yankees in two games). Giambi, with 14 grand slams, makes the top 20 all-time. Martinez, with 11, and Teixeira, with 10, are also on the all-time leaders list. As noted before, Mattingly shares the Protein purification record of six grand slams in a season with Travis Hafner (an Indian most of Online apple his career, including when he set the purification phd thesis record, but he finished as a Yankee, exclusively as a DH). Martinez, Pepitone and Primary help national Skowron all hit World Series grand slams. Who has the best first-base tradition? While the Yankees likely have the best first baseman ever, I don’t think I can claim they have the best tradition of any team at Protein purification phd thesis first base. Excuses At Work. The best tradition would probably be the Giants or Cardinals.

Johnny Mize’s autograph on a ball belonging to my son Mike. The Giants have had six Hall of Fame first basemen: Willie McCovey, Orlando Cepeda, Bill Terry, Johnny Mize, George Kelly and Roger Connor. The Cardinals have had four Hall of Fame first basemen: Cepeda, Mize, Jim Bottomley and Stan Musial (who mostly played outfield, but played more than 1,000 games at first, more than at phd thesis any outfield position, and he played primarily at Primary help volcanoes national first in Protein, his 1946 MVP season). Add certain Hall of Famer Albert Pujols and Mark McGwire, who had Hall of Fame numbers but is being kept out of Cooperstown because he used performance-enhancing drugs. Each team also had some pretty good first basemen in at work, the Skowron-Martinez range who won’t make the Hall of Fame: Hernandez, Bill White and Jack Clark for the Cardinals (Clark played longer for the Giants, but was an outfielder then), Will Clark and J.T. Snow for Protein the Giants, to writing name a few.

Even if you concede my point that Mattingly belongs in Protein purification phd thesis, the Hall of Help in assignment writing for behavior Fame, and count Bottomley and Protein purification Kelly as among those marginal players from the Comment rediger 20s who don’t belong in Protein purification phd thesis, the Hall, both the Giants and Cardinals were the clear leaders here. I’d probably give the edge to the Cardinals, but I could go either way here. The Yankees are contending for third place with the A’s, Tigers and Cubs. If a player is in the Hall of Fame (Gehrig) or should be (Mattingly), that carries considerable weight with me. I rank players primarily on their time with the team, so Gehrig and Mattingly stand out not just for me a paper fair project their great careers, but because all their time was spent with the Yankees. Cepeda and Mize both made it to Cooperstown and had Hall of phd thesis Fame seasons for both the Giants and Cardinals, so they count heavily for Help in assignment for behavior both teams, but not as heavily as Gehrig and Mattingly, who spent their whole careers for one team, or McCovey, who had all his great seasons as a Giant, though he didn’t finish up in San Francisco. Mize doesn’t get as much credit in Yankee rankings for being in the Hall of Fame, because he didn’t play like a Hall of Famer for phd thesis the Yankees. I value both peak performance and longevity, but peak performance more.

If Martinez, Skowron and Teixeira had played as long at first base for the Yankees as Mattingly, his MVP award and Comment league titles in batting, RBI, hits and Protein doubles still would have given him the second spot on this list. Few ballplayers actually matter in the broader culture beyond baseball, but Gehrig did and that counted for him, too. C’mon, Gary Cooper played him in in assignment for behavior, a classic movie, “Pride of the Yankees,” and Protein purification the disease that killed him is known as Lou Gehrig’s Disease. Time at the position is important, too. Musial played great years at first base. Mantle didn’t. Sell Used Price. A-Rod doesn’t get consideration based on purification phd thesis, just two games at first.

Post-season play and championship contributions matter a lot to me. Comment Rediger Une Bonne. I should add that I don’t consider those to be the same thing. Martinez and Skowron both contributed to four Yankee World Series championships, so they’re dead even in purification phd thesis, the first level of site sell used price championship contributions. Protein Purification. But Skowron also contributed to three American League champions who didn’t win the World Series and Martinez played on one, so Moose gets a bit of an advantage there. Skowron also hit eight homers in the World Series, to just three for Martinez. But I still credit Martinez for his nine total post-season homers. I give Skowron the edge in post-season play, since he didn’t have the opportunity to play extra rounds. National. If Martinez didn’t have a sizable advantage in regular-season play (five 100-RBI season to Protein purification phd thesis none for Moose), Skowron would have moved ahead of him based on championship contributions and Best site price post-season play. But championship contributions and post-season play were sizable advantages that pushed Moose ahead of Teixeira, Giambi and Chambliss. This factor didn’t play into any of these decisions, but if two players were dead even at a position for the Yankees, I would have moved the Protein purification one with the better overall career ahead. Homework Excuses At Work. For instance, Teixeira’s great seasons with the Rangers (or Giambi’s with the A’s) would be a tie-breaker if either had been tied with another player based on Yankee years.

Scandals are a secondary factor here. I didn’t eliminate Giambi from consideration because of his use of performance-enhancing drugs. But if I were ranking a top 10, the combination of Giambi’s drug use and Chambliss’ clutch homer would have offset Giambi’s stronger regular-season performance, so Chambliss would be sixth. Special moments matter, too. If Chambliss were dead-even with someone based on other criteria, that 1976 pennant-winning homer would push him ahead. Look for Bucky Dent to Protein rank a notch or two higher than he otherwise might when I rank the shortstops. The free version of Polldaddy doesn’t let me ask you to rank them.

I’ll be surprised if anyone seriously disagrees with me on the first pick. But I thought I’d do a poll with each post in this series, so tell me whether you agree with the Gehrig poll or prefer someone else:

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op ed essay topics THE STANDARDS THAT WILL BE USED. TO EVALUATE YOUR OP-ED PIECE. The Point: Does the opinion piece have a point that is clearly expressed? The Point may be a recommendation for action or it may be to alert readers to Protein phd thesis, a problem. Rediger Une Bonne? The author should make a single point well. You, as the reader, should be able to explain the Protein purification author's message in a sentence or two.

6-7: The opinion piece has an homework original, well-argued point. The piece draws the reader into looking at the topic in a new way or with new insight. The reader can readily summarize what the author is saying and why. 4-5: The opinion piece makes a point that appears original. But the supporting data appear a bit muddled. Purification? Readers are left with questions: Why is did the author take this position? Why take this position rather than an Comment alternative one? 2-3: The piece leaves readers confused as to what point the author is trying to make. The reader cannot readily summarize the author's key point or the data supporting the position seem not to really support it. 1: The paper lacks an Protein identifiable point.

Readers are left confused as to what point the author is making and why. Persuasive: Does the piece persuade the reader? A good piece argues effectively for Comment rediger dissertation, a particular point. Even though the reader may not ultimately agree with the phd thesis author, the reader comes away from the me a fair project piece willing to seriously consider the author's perspective. 6-7: A reader comes away from reading the piece feeling the author has effectively argued for a certain point. The author uses concrete examples that resonate with readers. 4-5: The opinion piece highlights an important topic.

But it does not really convince readers as to the value of the author's position. 2-3: The opinion piece seems mostly a personal venting. The author is not reaching out to readers or trying to connect with them in a meaningful way. 1: The piece is unconvincing. Protein Purification Phd Thesis? An unbiased reader, reading this piece, would not find the piece very persuasive. Hook and Structure: Does the opinion piece engage the reader right at the beginning? Is there evidence of Best site sell thoughtful organization? Does the author summarize the main point at the end?

6-7: The main point is effectively stated in the first few sentences. These first few sentences capture the phd thesis reader's attention and Best books, draw the purification reader into Comment reading further. The author effectively summarizes the piece's argument in purification, a strong final paragraph. 4-5: Readers are not immediately draw into the argument. But they are not put off by it either. They find the piece reasonable but a little slow moving.

It does not keep your attention. The final paragraph does not offer a powerful restatement of the Primary help national author's position. 2-3: The piece makes a basic point. But it does not catch your attention. It does draw you in at phd thesis the beginning nor summarize its message at the end. 1: The author never draws the Write paper fair project reader into the opinion piece. Purification? It is Online writing help apple not clear what the author is saying nor why it is Protein important.

Writing and Clarity: Is the piece readily understandable to dissertation, non-academic readers? General readers should find the piece easy and interesting to read. There should be few grammatical and spelling errors. 6-7: The writing is clear. The author's own voice and Protein, perspective come through in a convincing way. You can identify with the author and the position she or he takes. There are no grammatical mistakes that distract from the author's argument. 4-5: The writing is price reasonable. The sentences and paragraphs are a bit too long or the passive voice is emphasized. There is Protein a bit too much jargon.

2-3: The author tends to Help writing for behavior, go on too long. It is not really clear what point she or he is making. The author has long sentences and paragraphs. 1: A reader is left confused as to what point the Protein phd thesis author is trying to make. Tone: Is the opinion piece polite and respectful? The focus in on persuading the reader rather than voicing indignation or condemnation. 6-7: The opinion piece is polite and respectful in tone.

Rather than dismissing the Write me a other side, it acknowledges its value while disagreeing with it. It comes across as written by purification phd thesis a thoughtful professional versed in the subject being discussed. 4-5: There is generally a polite tone. But the author does not acknowledge that reasonable people might disagree regarding the point being made. The author asserts there is one reasonable position and she or he is research science fair presenting it. 2-3: The piece comes across as quite opinionated. It appears the author is venting about something that bothers her or him. 1: The piece is similar to a political attack ad. The author is pouring at rage with little concern for who is reading the piece.

[Source: a combination of Karl Schmid’s (York University) “Instructions for Protein, Wring Op-Ed Pieces and Duke University’s “Op-Ed Aritcles: How to Write and Place Them (http://news.duke.edu/duke_community/oped.html)] TWO GOOD AND ONE POOR EXAMPLE. ONE POOR EXAMPLE: A Gentleman, Yes, But Not Yet a Scholar. The New Untouchables. By Thomas L. Friedman. The New York Times, October 21, 2009. Last summer I attended a talk by homework at work Michelle Rhee, the dynamic chancellor of public schools in Washington. Just before the session began, a man came up, introduced himself as Todd Martin and whispered to me that what Rhee was about to speak about our struggling public schools was actually a critical, but unspoken, reason for phd thesis, the Great Recession. As the Harvard University labor expert Lawrence Katz explains it: If you think about the labor market today, the Primary homework volcanoes top half of the college market, those with the high-end analytical and problem-solving skills who can compete on the world market or game the financial system or deal with new government regulations, have done great. But the bottom half of the purification phd thesis top, those engineers and programmers working on more routine tasks and not actively engaged in developing new ideas or recombining existing technologies or thinking about une bonne dissertation what new customers want, have done poorly.

They've been much more exposed to global competitors that make them easily substitutable. The Globe and Mail, August 31, 2009. Moods and fashions in Japan often arrive like tsunamis, typhoons or landslides. Protein Phd Thesis? After more than 50 years of almost uninterrupted power, the ruling Liberal Democratic Party has been buried in a general election. Change came once before, in Comment une bonne, 1993, when a coalition of purification phd thesis opposition parties briefly took power, but the LDP still held on to a majority in the Diet's powerful lower house. Sunday, even that last bastion fell. The world, fixated on China's rise, was slow to pay attention to this seismic shift in the politics of the globe's second-largest economy. Primary Help National? Japanese politics has a dull image in the world's press.

Most editors, when they cover Japan at all, prefer stories about the zaniness of its popular youth culture, or the wilder shores of Japanese sex. The main reason for this is, of Protein course, that Japanese politics was dull, at least since the mid-1950s, when the LDP consolidated its monopoly on power. Only real aficionados could be bothered to follow the Help in assignment for behavior ups and downs of the ruling party's factional bosses, many of whom were from established political families, and most of whom relied on Protein, shady financing. Corruption scandals erupted from time to time, but these, too, were usually part of intraparty manoeuvres to rein in Best site sell price, those who got too big for their britches. The system worked in a fashion: Factional bosses took turns as prime minister, palms were greased by various business interests, more or less capable bureaucrats decided on Protein purification, domestic economic policies and Primary homework, the United States took care of Japan's security (and much of its foreign policy). Some thought this system would last forever.

Indeed, it has often been said, by Japanese and foreign commentators, that a de facto one-party state suits the Japanese. Stability, based on Protein, soft authoritarianism, is the Asian way, now followed by China. Asians don't like the messy contentiousness of parliamentary democracy. Look what happens when Asians are foolish enough to Best site sell books price, import such a system, as in South Korea or Taiwan, the argument goes. Instead of purification civilized debate, they have filibusters and fisticuffs. But, notwithstanding the occasional bust-ups, Korean and Taiwanese democracies seem remarkably robust. And the argument that Japanese, or other Asians, are culturally averse to political competition is not historically true. In fact, Japanese history is full of strife and rebellion, and Japan was the first independent Asian country with a multiparty system. Homework Help National? Its early postwar democracy was so unruly, with mass demonstrations, militant trade unions and vigorous left-wing parties, that a deliberate attempt was made to impose the boredom of a one-party state. This happened in the mid-1950s – not for cultural reasons, but entirely because of politics. Like Italy, a close parallel, Japan was a front-line Cold War state.

Domestic conservatives, and the U.S. Purification Phd Thesis? government, worried about a Communist takeover. So a large conservative coalition party (much like the Italian Christian Democrats), funded to some degree by Washington, was put in Online help apple, place to marginalize all left-wing opposition. Protein Purification Phd Thesis? This involved some strong-arm tactics, especially against Primary help volcanoes, the unions, but it worked mostly because the middle class settled for Protein purification, an informal deal: increased prosperity in exchange for political acquiescence. The “LDP state” was based on the promise, given by prime minister Ikeda Hayato in help, 1960, that family incomes would soon be doubled. Increasingly marginalized, the opposition dwindled into an impotent force, mere window-dressing to Protein purification, a one-party state. But one-party rule breeds complacency, corruption and political sclerosis. Dissertation? In the past decade or so, the phd thesis LDP – as well as the in assignment for behavior once-almighty bureaucracy that ran the system – began to look incompetent. Prime minister Junichiro Koizumi gave the party a last breath of life by promising reform in 2001, but it wasn't enough. Protein Purification? The patience of Japan's middle class finally cracked. The victorious Democratic Party of Japan may not immediately set off any political fireworks. Its leader, Yukio Hatoyama, is an uncharismatic scion of yet another established dynasty – his grandfather, Ichiro Hatoyama, took over as prime minister in 1954 from Shigeru Yoshida, who was the grandfather of the last LDP prime minister Taro Aso.

The DPJ's aims are excellent: more authority to price, elected politicians, less bureaucratic meddling, less dependence on the United States, better relations with Asian neighbours, more power to voters and less to big business. Phd Thesis? Whether Mr. Hatoyama and his colleagues have the wherewithal to achieve these aims is an Help in assignment for behavior open question, but it would be wrong to belittle the importance of what has happened. Even if the DPJ fails to implement most of purification phd thesis its reforms in short order, the fact that Japanese voters opted for change will invigorate their country's democracy. Even if the Write me a research paper science system were to become like Japan's democracy in purification, the 1920s, with two more or less conservative parties, this would still be preferable to a one-party state. Help In Assignment Writing? Any opposition is Protein purification phd thesis better than none. It keeps the government on its toes.

A firm rejection of the one-party state will also reverberate far beyond Japan's borders. It shows clearly that the desire for volcanoes, political choice is not confined to a few fortunate countries in the West. Protein Phd Thesis? This is a vital lesson, especially at a time when China's economic success is convincing too many leaders that citizens, especially but not only in Asia, want to be treated like children. Poor Example: A Gentleman, Yes, But Not Yet a Scholar. by A. B. Stoddard. Aren't you just dying to know what Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) is saying about his friends in high places at Arizona State University? And has the gossip mill targeted the exact people responsible for deciding President Obama was worthy of a commencement invitation but no honorary degree? It doesn't matter if we ever learn their names — you know who you are and Comment rediger une bonne dissertation, you should be laughing at yourselves! I can't imagine how that meeting went. Protein Purification Phd Thesis? Let's invite the president of the United States — a new president, an immensely popular president, the first African-American president — to be our speaker.

Wait, he hasn't really spent enough time in his field to earn the degree typically conferred upon Online writing apple each speaker at Protein phd thesis graduation. But he's so appealing, we'll invite him anyway. It's our practice to Help writing, recognize an individual for his body of work, somebody who's been in their position for a long time, Sharon Keeler, an ASU spokeswoman, told The Associated Press at the time. His body of Protein phd thesis work is homework help volcanoes yet to come. That's why we're not recognizing him with a degree at the beginning of phd thesis his presidency. Apparently the Best site books price nationwide shock was more than ASU could stand, because on Sunday they suddenly announced the creation of a Barack Obama scholarship program.

But there was no acknowledgment of error or faux pas, just bewilderment at the confusion created by the media. When in doubt, blame the media (it works for Sarah Palin). University President Michael Crow said despite the view that Obama was being denied something bestowed upon Erma Bombeck, It has always been our intention to recognize and honor President Obama's accomplishments during his visit. He added, I apologize for the confusion surrounding our invitation to President Obama to address ASU students at commencement. We all know Obama couldn't care less about the purification degree, he's just happy for the speaking engagement in rediger une bonne, a swing state he is just itching to win in 2012. Protein? And from now on some kids will be tickled to become Barack Obama scholars.

Everybody wins except for those oh-so-selective big cheeses at ASU who thought it was a good idea to keep a president out of an exclusive club.

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20 Useful Words and Phrases for Top-Notch Essays. In this blog entry I’m going to talk with you about transition words. These are the linking words which bind our ideas together and illustrate the relationships between the information in our sentences. I have to be really careful, however, to make it very clear that they are not magic ‘smart’ words but if you can understand them they can really give you a lot of power to Protein articulate your ideas. These words are nothing but pretence when you use them carelessly. Nonetheless, it will be valuable to develop your understanding of how to use these words to serve your writing.

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Jan 27, 2018 Protein purification phd thesis, how to buy an essay online -

comic essays Covers of Art Spiegelman's Maus II and MetaMaus: A Look Inside a Modern Classic, Maus. Hillary Chute | University of Chicago. Abstract: In the view of purification some critics, the form of Best homework comics is a locus of the archival, a place where we can identify an archival turn. Art Spiegelman’s Maus first and perhaps most forcefully established the connection between archives and comics. His groundbreaking work documenting his father’s experience in WWII Poland, where he survived internment in Auschwitz, is a visual narrative based on phd thesis oral testimony that consistently heightens our awareness of visual, written, and oral archives, and where they interact, overlap, or get transposed one into the other.

Hillary Chute recounts and interprets her collaboration with Spiegelman in the process of assembling MetaMaus , a book compiling interviews and archival materials on the making of Maus . MetaMaus, argues Chute, reflects the tension between different kinds of extant archives—oral, written, photographic—and the Best site sell used books cross-discursive work of phd thesis (re)building new archives that motivates Maus . Its defining feature is that it shows the writing help materiality of Spiegelman’s archive; it is about the embodiment of archives. The subject of Maus is the retrieval of memory and ultimately, the creation of memory…. It’s about choices being made, of finding what one can tell, and what one can reveal, and what one can reveal beyond what one knows one is revealing. Those are the things that give real tensile strength to the work—putting the dead into little boxes. – Art Spiegelman ( MetaMaus 73) Maus: A Survivor’s Tale is a book about archives. And the book about making Maus , MetaMaus , is both a process of taking stock of the Maus archive and an active process of creating a new archive. 1 Maus is phd thesis about the Holocaust, featuring two intertwined stories: that of Auschwitz survivor Vladek Spiegelman’s struggle in the 1930s and rediger une bonne dissertation, 40s in Poland during WWII, and that of his son Art Spiegelman’s struggle in the 1970s and 80s in New York to record and draw his father’s testimony in comics form. Protein! Maus is a graphic narrative that is, to invoke the language of this special issue, on every level about “the politics of what is saved (remembered), and excuses, what is phd thesis discarded (forgotten).” We recognize this dynamic both in and on its pages. As Anne Golomb Hoffman points out about the OED definition of “archive,” the word indicates both the container for documents and the documents themselves (Hoffman 2009, 5-6). The form of comics makes this transfiguration legible. Graphic narratives not only thematize archives—for instance, the cartoonist’s work of finding and collecting is an actual plotline of Best site sell used Maus —but further, because of the pictorial, word and image format of purification their pages, they are able to actually incorporate or physically represent concrete archives (thus the famous three photographs, two from the war era, that Spiegelman actually places within Maus ). 2 Maus is Write me a paper project about archives, and it also itself does the work of archiving , for instance in how it inscribes Vladek Spiegelman’s private Holocaust testimony elicited by Art Spiegelman, and places it in print and into the public record.

3. The selecting, ordering, and preserving work of archiving in Maus is, in phd thesis, a sense, collaborative—Vladek locates his photograph, Art inserts it in his book; Vladek bears witness to Auschwitz through his oral testimony; Art edits and shapes his story to put it on the page. 4 Maus and MetaMaus share this feature. With MetaMaus , the archive belongs to Spiegelman, but he and I worked together to create the shape of a new archive. Being Associate Editor meant immersively taking on Help writing for behavior the book as a joint endeavor, which meant we together generated a new archive out of the structure of purification phd thesis our interview, which guides the book.

5. I wrote a dissertation, “Contemporary Graphic Narratives: History, Aesthetics, Ethics,” about nonfiction comics. Along the way, after I had written an apple, essay on Maus that he had read and liked, I was invited to Protein a cocktail party at Spiegelman’s SoHo loft. 6 Later, in the fall of 2005, Spiegelman and I met to “talk comics” in his studio; he invited me to work with him on creating MetaMaus . By the end of 2005, I was signed on to the project, and we started in earnest in January 2006. In 2010, reading Spiegelman’s “Dancin’ in the Dark!” piece in me a paper, the New York Times , which explains his improbable work with the Protein purification experimental dance company Pilobolus, I was struck by Online writing help apple, the pronouncement the Spiegelman character makes in the strip: “I don’t collaborate.” He and I had been collaborating at that point for over four years.

What enabled us to collaborate was that we approached the work rooted in seemingly different discourses—I as a student and then professor of English, and he as a cartoonist and phd thesis, historian of the form—but we shared a deep formal interest in comics. And we were agreeably open to disagreeing with each other; this created an intellectual generosity that became part of our intersubjective ethic. In the view of some critics, the form of comics is a locus of the archival, a place where we can identify an apple, archival turn. Focusing on the cartoonists Kim Deitch and Ben Katchor, for Protein purification phd thesis instance, Jared Gardner identifies the “the archival turn in the contemporary graphic narrative” (Gardner 2006, 788). 7 Scholarship on Alison Bechdel’s memoir Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic has also spawned attention to comics and archives, as in Ann Cvetkovich’s “Drawing the Archive in Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home ”; Valerie Rohy’s “In the Queer Archive: Fun Home ”; and my own book chapter “Animating an Archive: Repetition and Regeneration in Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home .” There is something to Gardner’s suggestion that there is Best price “an intrinsic connection between the comics form and Protein phd thesis, [an] engagement with archival research” (Gardner 804). I argue this is because of comics’s profound engagement with the Help writing representation of (historical) time and space, and the complex display that the purification comics page enables. (One of Best sell used Rohy’s claims posits comics frames as vitrines that focus our attention on the subject, and object, of Protein research [Gardner 804].) We may recognize what I term an archival drive in the work of Bechdel—and Katchor, Deitch, Ivan Brunetti, Dan Clowes, Seth, Posy Simmonds, Chris Ware and many others—manifested and made legible through the Best used books price form of comics ( Graphic Women 188). However, Spiegelman’s Maus , which began in 1980 as a chapter-by-chapter serial in RAW magazine (after a three-page stand-alone prototype of the same name appeared in an underground comic in 1972), first and Protein purification, perhaps most forcefully established the connection between archives and comics. Even the visual metaphor that shapes the book, in which humans appear as various species of Comment rediger animals, namely Jews as mice, Poles as pigs, and Nazis as cats, is motivated by phd thesis, a rich archive of Nazi propaganda. The epigraph to each of the two Maus book volumes is a different WWII-era Nazi quotation that underscores this. One of the Best used books central dramas of Maus is the cartoonist’s desire to Protein purification search down any archival material relating to his parents’ lives before his own unlikely birth—both of apple his parents survived Auschwitz, and their first son, Richieu, died in the war at age six.

Thus the issue of what was saved—what could be saved—by survivors from the war is paramount, as is the question of purification what happens in post-war life to what gets saved. In the case of the Spiegelman family, the issue of saving, or not saving, is Comment rediger une bonne heightened: Vladek Spiegelman destroyed his wife Anja Spiegelman’s notebooks after her suicide in 1968. (In maddening contradistinction to this act of obliteration, he stubbornly saves any manner of small and worthless items like matches, and wire found on the street.) The notebooks, which contained Anja’s account of her experience in the war, and which she had described to purification phd thesis her son since his childhood, are burned by the time he comes searching for them as a young man. Vladek reveals only over time that he destroyed Anja’s notebooks, during a period when he “was so depressed … I didn’t know if I’m coming or going” ( Complete Maus 161). The very last word in Maus I: My Father Bleeds History is “murderer”: Art Spiegelman accuses his father of murdering his already-dead mother by incinerating her narrative, her archive. 8.

The absence of archives, the presence of archives: the disappearance and appearance of Best homework excuses any kind of evidence, record, trace of his parents’ pre-war and wartime lives constitutes a major narrative thread of Maus , as we also see, for example, in an episode toward the end of the book featuring a momentous box of photographs unearthed by Vladek—of Anja’s family, primarily. Protein Purification! In this key scene, Vladek sits lonely among a cascade of drawn photographs, and his single body stretches across comics frames to stand in for absent generations of Spiegelman bodies. 9. What kinds of Best homework excuses archives remain from Protein phd thesis which parents? How can the son identify and weigh the traces that remain to stitch together the fullest understanding possible from the collection of voices and documents and photographs to which he has access? Maus makes explicit that “the archive” is a process , not a storehouse of evidence. This process, in fact, is exactly what the book is about. Help National! In the Protein purification shadow of his mother’s painful wordlessness , her ghostly burnt words, but also her withheld words—she didn’t leave a note when she chose to end her life— Maus is about Spiegelman’s father’s archive, and testimony, and Write research paper science fair, Spiegelman’s own creation of an archive. We can note Maus ’s investment in the archive as process rather than as repository of phd thesis evidence in the episode in which Art, through a conversation with his father, becomes aware of the Best excuses at work existence of a photograph of Vladek, after he was liberated, posing in a clean concentration camp uniform for a souvenir photo to send to his wife. This photograph is the purification phd thesis only one of Vladek in Maus . Tilted out of the rows of drawn boxes, the defining feature of its presence is the ambiguity and awkwardness it inspires; the Write me a paper science questions it sets in Protein, motion.

What Spiegelman preserves in publishing this 1945 photograph within the writing space of his comics page is Protein phd thesis attention to the process behind the creation of both paternal and filial archives. The idea of selection—what is re-archived, what is discarded?—is also part of the language of the comics page itself, and so Maus is about archives on at least two levels. 10 First, there is the question of Online writing help apple what is actually transmissible from one generation to the next. Purification! Second, there is the question of what Spiegelman chooses to Online incorporate or re-represent in his comics narrative about his father’s Holocaust experience. Comics makes the process of selecting, ordering, and preserving intelligible in Protein phd thesis, a way few forms can: its very narrative syntax is an interplay of presence and absence, in which moments of Primary help time are selected and boxed (separated conventionally by bands of white space called “the gutter”). The actual juxtaposition of frames on the page calls overt attention to the basic grammar of comics as selection—to the rhythm of the Protein displayed and the evacuated, and Comment, how they constitute each other. While all media select and frame, comics make this process material on the page—not as merely evocative, but rather as literal. Phd Thesis! The fact that Maus , a book about family archives, is in the idiom of comics further calls our attention to the construction of its own counter-archive. “The subject of Maus is the retrieval of homework excuses memory and ultimately, the creation of memory,” Spiegelman avers. “It’s about purification, a cartoonist trying to envision what his father went through. It’s about choices being made, of finding what one can tell, and what one can reveal, and what one can reveal beyond what one knows one is revealing ” ( MetaMaus 73, italics mine). One of the key features of Maus is its focus on making its own making legible.

While it has become commonplace today to praise a work’s self-reflexivity, that feature is not necessarily a value in and of itself. However, this aspect of the book—which is located in how, specifically, it builds itself as a word-and-image archive—allows Maus to function narratively and ethically as a text of witness and testimony. And if Maus is already very “meta” in its rebuilding (“you rebuild me all this from your questions,” Vladek says ruefully to his cartoonist son), how might a book called MetaMaus function in relation to the archive? 11. Starting the project first meant deciding its basic shape.

Spiegelman knew that MetaMaus would draw on archives relating to site price his parents—official records and documentation, family photographs (which are used very sparingly, even teasingly, in Maus ). He also knew that the book would draw on purification phd thesis archives relating to Online apple his work—the cartoonist’s comics archive, including drafts, studies, outtakes, notes. (In 1994 the Voyager Company issued a then state-of-the-art CD-ROM, called The Complete Maus , that made use of Protein purification phd thesis photographs and notes and sketches, as well as audio recording, to Best sell good effect; an updated version of this CD was from the beginning slated to be a bonus feature of MetaMaus , included with the purchase, but would function separately—our focus was on creating a stand-alone book with its own complete integrity.) At our first meetings, we brainstormed about the possible structure of MetaMaus , and our desire to shape and select the material while yet maintaining the non-linear temporality of Protein Maus , its weaving and layering of the past and present, its often deliberately circuitous and recursive movement. Dissertation! Eventually, by purification, talking through Maus in a semi-formal way (I taped some of our early conversations, even those that were only ever for Comment une bonne dissertation the two of Protein purification phd thesis us), we hit on an interview structure to une bonne anchor the book. Art would never know my questions in advance; our conversations were always spontaneous, never rehearsed. Protein Purification! We were able to converse with each other for hours at a time (a regular meeting time was three or four hours), and through simply sitting and talking we came to the tropes that Art most often deals with in Primary homework volcanoes national, his own public talking about Maus —Why comics? Why mice? Why the Holocaust? With this tripartite structure in place as a skeleton shape, we formalized our conversations as interviews. Although we never spoke about Protein purification phd thesis, this explicitly, at some point it dawned on me, years into the project, that our interview structure mirrored Art and Vladek’s. For over a solid year I simply looked at and identified and sat with the actual, physical stuff of Maus . Art gave me full access—my own set of keys—to his studio.

Whenever he wasn’t there, I was free to come in to investigate and pore over and re-organize. This often meant stretches of time on the weekends. (When I couldn’t poke around his main cartooning studio, I would spend time in rediger dissertation, the RAW publishing office a few blocks away, run by Art and his wife Francoise Mouly, which was a similar packed space and housed an ancillary but relevant archive relating to their avant-garde comics magazine.) Nothing in Art’s studio was off limits to me; I was encouraged to look at anything and everything in that space. Aside from the Protein purification phd thesis black archival binders that contained the original drawings and studies for Maus organized by chapter—each final drawn page lay in an archival sheet protectors, along with its attendant drafts and homework national, sketches—and a bottom shelf full of Maus -era notebooks from the Protein purification phd thesis 1970s to Best sell used books price 1990s, what “the Maus archive” was and could be was yet to phd thesis be determined, and I located, sifted, aggregated, and re-assembled. My work in the studio in the first two years was two-fold: first, it was navigating the packed space of the studio to find the site used books price dispersed chunks and bits and pieces of the Maus archive, which lurked on shelves and in drawers, and sometimes in Protein purification phd thesis, very inconspicuous places. One treasure trove I located was an old, unmarked, inauspicious-looking Garbage Pail Kids folder full of Maus notes and Write me a research paper science fair, reflections on purification yellowing index cards; another was an aging manila envelope marked, simply, “Maus Grains,” which contained grains of ideas—stimulating and motivating— like quotes attributed to Ronald Reagan (“we shouldn’t talk about the Holocaust”) on 30-year old napkins. 12 I needed to simply locate where the pockets of relevant paper archives might lie, and sort through them.

Since I was so familiar with the story and details of Maus , it felt like a backwards board game or detective quest, to find the shards of reference that accumulated into the whole final product (and sometimes ambiguously didn’t). I remember one summer evening sprawling on the floor and finding, under a pile of Online writing help dusty manila file folders and binders, the photograph of Art’s dead brother Richieu that opens Maus II and which Vladek and Anja Spiegelman always kept with them. It felt shocking to have the surprise of seeing this photograph de-contextualized from the purification narrative I knew so well, and, for all its importance in the book, grouped with the un-important on the shelf. Lifting it out of the pile—the object that stood in for a lost child—was breathtaking. Rediger! 13 (The same night, in the same dusty pile, I found Vladek’s immigration records, and unanswered solicitations requesting donations in Protein, order to publically commemorate Anja in Jewish services.) Art and Help in assignment writing for behavior, I anointed a new space, which we called the Protein purification MetaMaus shelf, where we gathered significant items together. Physically aggregating artifacts and documents—re-centralizing what had been dispersed after the 13 years of making Maus —was an intellectual and manual task of science (re)archiving. There was also, broadly speaking, the question of selection. After all, one of the most striking things Art has said to me was an aside on the telephone in the fall of phd thesis 2010, when we were discussing the full components of MetaMaus , and were debating whether or not to have a timeline of sell price his life and career (I typically lobbied for these more “academic” features, including the phd thesis bibliography).

Explaining his trepidation, Art observed, “My chronology would start with: When was Kristallnacht?” The imbrication of the past and present is the apple central suggestion of Maus, as a complete narrative and on each individual page; as Marianne Hirsch recently described one of its pages, “It’s a series of temporalities that won’t stand still.” 14. Art’s comment about the incontrovertible imprint and Protein purification, shaping of history on the existence and homework excuses, consciousness of Protein purification phd thesis his person, the deep mingling of the personal and the historical, is in line with Maus , but to Comment rediger hear him say it out loud so directly about himself felt like a fresh reminder. Maus is meticulously architected but is about unruly temporalities. Protein Phd Thesis! How were we going to consider issues like timelines in a book reflecting the swirling temporalities of Maus ? Art and Vladek had struggled over the issue of timelines in Maus II . Creating an archival book about a book about archives produced these mirrored moments; Art now got to Best homework at work be the person resisting the timeline and claiming unruly temporalities (in Maus II he presses forward and Vladek snaps, “In Auschwitz we didn’t wear watches”) ( Complete Maus , 228). The question of the working scope of our collection of material, then, was always present, even when not explicitly connected to the imprint of the Protein war. Many early notebooks, such as in the 1960s, from years before the dissertation 1972 “Maus” was formed, contain apposite information about comics and creativity, about purification phd thesis, filial dynamics with Vladek and Anja, about the connection of culture and style. Deciding what the constellation of paper archives for Maus was (retrospectively) and MetaMaus would be (prospectively) was a constant issue in assembling what I think of as the research orbit of our archive. Was a Father’s Day card and a Mother’s Day card Art drew for his parents as a kid relevant? To me, it was, and was entered into the register of items that we considered for the MetaMaus archive. What is indisputably the core of the Maus archive, though, is the research paper fair project original pages, and the notebooks. (The form of the phd thesis notebook , given Anja Spiegelman’s immolated notebook, the research science loss of which constitutes a major thread in the book and also propels the Protein reconstituting project of Maus itself, took on a special weight to me.) The tightly organized black binders of drawn original pages and page-connected sketches had already been cataloged and scanned by site, assistants and interns by the time I arrived in the studio. A complete digital archive exists of phd thesis every page of Maus , and its various iterations. (File names look like this: MausI.I.p22a.jpg; MausI.I.p22b.jpg, and so on—some pages run through the whole alphabet and Online, then the twenty-seventh file is marked by purification phd thesis, a “za,” and so forth back into the alphabet.)

I didn’t look at the digital files, though, until after I had taken every page and its versions and excuses, sketches out of the binders and sheet protector and studied them closely. This took me about a year. I didn’t want to experience the pages and panels on Protein purification the computer; I wanted to take stock of the materiality of the artifact, to touch and lift the paper and to scrutinize the gummed labels and writing for behavior, correction fluid and the physical texture, the bumpiness, of the line. The range of papers I attended to by studying the actual drawings was striking; there were sketches on pink “While You Were Out” correspondence sheets, on receipts, on typing paper, on tracing paper, on graph paper, on lined paper. One got a sense of the urgency through the pattern of paper; the inspired drawing that happens on whatever surface is most proximate. I was also able to juxtapose spatially in purification, front of me Art’s color sketches, assembling a sequence for Best site sell price his meticulous process of sketching in successively darker colors (starting in purification phd thesis, yellow, say, and ending in purple) to for behavior discern visual volume and weight in a panel, even though the final line in Maus is always in black. It is only through approaching the actual objects that a sense of the profundity of the layered labor of comics came through—the obsessional sketching, correcting, layering, crossing-out, and rebuilding. Protein! Much in the way that comics forces a kind of physical intimacy, as Michael Silverblatt has pointed out, I needed to interact with the archive haptically as though I were assembling it to be comics: spreading it out in front of me, creating sequences with the sketches, holding a drawing up to squint at the spaces, placing studies next to a finished page to discern the Best site sell price narrative movement from draft to final product. Protein! (Art initially saved all of his sketches because he thought he would include one with each book when he self-published Maus with RAW.) Maus is a double-voiced text that presents a view of testimony specifically and of narrative generally as a polyvalent weave, where testimony and memory are collaborative procedures generated by Write me a science, both speaker and Protein phd thesis, listener. The dialogic form of comics is constituted by the active tension between word and image—which makes it a hospitable form for narration that turns on the tension of help volcanoes competing voices (in the case of Protein purification Maus , Vladek’s and Art’s).

Even further, what Maus so brilliantly stages, as I have argued, is that the comics medium is not only homework help volcanoes, dialogic —able to be both a biography and Protein purification phd thesis, an autobiography in one layered work—but also what we might think of as cross-discursive. Writing Help! 15 We see an purification, example of this when Spiegelman draws against homework at work his father’s verbal narration in an episode in which the two of them discuss the existence of orchestras at Auschwitz. Protein Phd Thesis! Verbally, although the Art character notes, “It’s very well-documented,” Spiegelman lets Vladek have the final word (“No, I remember only marching—not any orchestras…. How could it be there an orchestra?”)—but he draws a barely visible orchestra, largely covered up by homework at work, marching prisoners, in his comics frame ( Complete Maus 214). Protein! Maus often works with the friction of verbal and Best books, visual discourse; the Protein phd thesis cartoonist has both at Best site books price, his disposal, and so he can preserve his father’s language while drawing against it. Maus is about the tension between the visual, the written, and the oral in its representation of Protein trauma, and in how it expresses the memory of the eyewitness and Primary homework help volcanoes national, the secondary witness. Protein Phd Thesis! There had not been a visual, narrative text of the national Holocaust published widely before Maus —what I think of as a visual materialization , for instance, of Auschwitz: something that is not a still photograph that captures a single moment, or a moving series of film frames that whisks a viewer along, but is Protein purification phd thesis rather a visual materialization that is a sequence that creates a world that can be studied and engaged at one’s own pace. 16 Discussing the question of me a research paper fair project representation and verisimilitude, Spiegelman chafes at filmmakers’ quests to re-build the camps, as opposed to purification phd thesis Maus ’s approach to representing the camps by “creating it as a mental zone” ( MetaMaus 166). Creating the camps as a mental zone ; this is one of the chief abilities of Maus as a narrative that uses the abstractions of drawing.

Spiegelman, I learned while interviewing him, had first encountered the Holocaust visually. In Assignment! Spiegelman grew up with parents, both Polish survivors of Auschwitz, who, in keeping with what was for some a tacit mandate of purification post-war American Jewish immigrant culture, didn’t address with him in any explicit way what their experiences in Poland had been. Best! As a child, he knew there was something called “the war,” but his encounters with its traces were a series of jarringly disconnected moments, mostly verbal, like in purification phd thesis, the emblematic episode from his memoir Portrait of the Artist as a Young %@*! when in a car ride back from writing a party his parents speak about a former sonderkommando present at the event for whom “it’s rumors he put his father and his sons to the ovens, so nobody sits with him,” and then suggest to their son, “Take a nap again, Cookie!” ( MetaMaus 15). However, although his oblique knowledge that his parents had been through something terrible was mostly verbal—and aural generally, as he describes hearing them scream in their sleep—during the Protein purification phd thesis widely televised Adolf Eichmann trial in 1961, when he was 13, Spiegelman went searching through his parents’ private bookshelf, and had his Susan Sontag moment of encountering images of atrocity for the first time. That the experience of recognition was visual isn’t particularly unusual: stories of people’s first viewing of Best site sell used price Nazi atrocity photos circulate widely.

17 The most significant object that Spiegelman found, however, wasn’t primarily photographic. His first real encounter with what to him was “the war” was visual—and drawn . In the process of Protein phd thesis assembling MetaMaus I learned how formative drawn visual archives are in Spiegelman’s intellectual and artistic imaginary. 18 It comes out in homework help volcanoes national, our interview that Spiegelman discovered, on his mother’s bookshelf, mostly Polish and Yiddish small-press pamphlets published right after the Protein purification war, some of them picturing everyday life in the camps. For Spiegelman, these were so outside of mass-cultural production, ”they had a kind of fanzine-like magic to me and really struck me hard. I couldn’t understand those words in help apple, those pamphlets but pored over the two that had pictures.

Anything at Protein phd thesis, all with cartoon-like drawings had an Best excuses at work, immense pull on me, especially those from before my own childhood” ( MetaMaus 49). The archive I discovered researching MetaMaus opens up traditions of visual witness related to WWII that helped to inspire and innovate, even indirectly, the comics cultures and Protein purification phd thesis, scenes that sprouted in the late 1960s and early 70s. A plausible arc for the comics field might actually begin with Paladij Osynka’s 1946 Auschwitz (owned by price, Anja Spiegelman), move on to Spiegelman’s 1972 “Maus,” and continue on to Maus and the legions of work it has inspired. “Most of what happened was not photographed,” Spiegelman reminds readers about Auschwitz in MetaMaus (50). Taking this seriously, can we posit the urgency to testify to purification life and rediger, death in WWII as the genesis of what we now recognize as contemporary comics? Something introduced, say, in the generational transmission of the pamphlets and sparked by the taboo-shattering (itself Vietnam war-induced) ethic of the underground comics? Although Spiegelman couldn’t read the Protein purification text because he didn’t know the languages, the images —and the amateur graphic design, and homework excuses, humble printing—constituted his first understanding of life during the purification phd thesis war; his parents’ circumstance. His first full experience of recognition with the Best site sell Holocaust was visual and drawn —hand-made images of witness. Some of these, as he points out, were what we would think of as quite cartoony—one was a booklet, basically, of gag cartoons by a Ukrainian inmate about Protein purification phd thesis, Auschwitz, with jokes like “Ha ha! You didn’t get any soup!” (49).

19 One pamphlet that had small, poorly printed watercolor drawings of Ravensbruck struck Spiegelman deeply. ( MetaMaus features several images from two of these pamphlets, Ravensbruck and Auschwitz , both from 1946, and which both happen to be in Ukrainian, and the accompanying DVD has the entire contents of several of the rediger dissertation pamphlets under the Protein purification phd thesis heading “Anja’s Bookshelf.”) 20 Spiegelman’s experience with these unpretentious, cartoon-like drawings of what he calls “the oxymoron of life in a death camp” was formative for rediger dissertation Maus , which first appeared in similarly designed and purification, printed serial booklets in the 1980s. That his experience was visual and dissertation, necessarily not verbal at the level of comprehension also allowed him to encounter the discourse of the visual in a heightened way, even as it shared space on the page with captions. Spiegelman says, about survivor drawings and surviving art from the war: Those drawings were a return to drawing not for Protein purification phd thesis its possibilities of imposing the self , of finding a new role for art and drawing after the Online help camera, but rather a return to purification phd thesis the earlier function that drawing served before the camera—a kind of commemorating, witnessing, and recording of information—what Goya referred to when he says, “This I saw.” (italics mine) He continues, “The artists… are giving urgent information in the pictures, information that could be transmitted no other way” (49-50). Indeed, Goya’s use of handmade images as a form of reporting has been important to Comment contemporary cartoonists as a model of visual witnessing. Nonfiction comics emerged forcefully in the postwar period, and the genre of nonfiction comics developed in its contemporary specificity, I argue, out of WWII, where we can locate powerful aesthetic and political antecedents in the realm of urgent handmade works of visual witness. Spiegelman’s Maus archive—which is now part of the public MetaMaus archive—makes this legible. I am fascinated by Protein, how, broadly speaking, the discourse of the visual—and the notion of visual archives —emerges out of a tension with other media discourses.

This is something we see in the formative post-war pamphlets, which combine word and image, highlighting, for Spiegelman, the status of the image, since the words were not fully accessible to him. We also see this throughout Maus , a visual narrative based on oral testimony that consistently heightens our awareness of visual, written, and oral archives, and where they interact, overlap, or get transposed one into the other. As a newly constituted (shadow) collection of sources and archives, MetaMaus preserves, and draws attention to, the help tension between the oral, written, and visual—and within the purification realm of the visual, the difference between the drawn and the photographic—that characterizes Maus . It preserves the Best interstices that Maus sets in motion, even as it operates in the realm of the explanatory. Used by Permission of the Protein purification phd thesis Wylie Agency LLC. The visual surface of MetaMaus reflects the tension between different kinds of extant archives—oral, written, photographic—and the cross-discursive work of (re)building new archives (all in the realm of the ideographic , of the printed page) that motivates Maus . MetaMaus ’s defining feature is that it shows the writing help materiality of Spiegelman’s archive; it is Protein about the embodiment of archives—archives as bodies, bodies as archives. The archived body is key in MetaMaus . In the image of the 1979 lithograph “Mom and Me in the Park, 1951 (Maus Revenge),” the very first and rediger une bonne dissertation, one of only very few full-page images in the 300-page book, the “revenge” seems to purification phd thesis be the mere existence of the son’s postwar body next to his mother’s that is being presented—archived—by the illustration (41). 21 As Spiegelman says in our interview, “Taking on my parents’ Holocaust story was a way of getting to the primal moment of my birth, because there was no way they were supposed to be alive and coupling after WWII.

It is Online writing a specific journey that has nothing to Protein purification do with history and everything to do with history: one or both of these people is Comment rediger une bonne dissertation supposed to be dead, which means I’m not supposed to be here” ( MetaMaus, 199). This archiving of bodies that happens through their visual materialization on the page and Protein purification phd thesis, then public dissemination takes on extra resonance given the Nazis’ famous recordkeeping, archiving and marking, of those they arrested and eliminated. 22. A small but significant detail that indicates MetaMaus ’s investment in Comment rediger, staging the materiality of archives—or what I think of as the embodiment of archives—is evident without even turning a page. The fairly spare back cover is black: it features two full-color images, along with bold text in white, grey, and red. The top image, flush right, an illustration from the early 90s, depicts Spiegelman as a mouse from Maus reading Maus in a library alongside a realistically-rendered mouse reading George Herriman’s comic strip Krazy Kat , which stars Ignatz Mouse. The text that begins directly below the image in purification phd thesis, fact overlays it; the bold red vertical bar of the sans serif uppercase letter “I” (“In the pages of MetaMaus …”) covers the “a” that begins Spiegelman’s lowercase, bottom left corner signature. Writing Help Apple! The “I,” glossy, stands out against the matte finish of the hardback cover. A smaller image, a study for the back cover of Maus II , hovers in the bottom left of the back cover, leaning outwards at a slight angle. The original barcode, which is continuous in the image with Vladek’s striped camp uniform, here touches MetaMaus ’s barcode, making all three contiguous.

The most striking visual detail, however, is that this back cover study from Maus II appearing on Protein purification phd thesis the back cover of MetaMaus is visually affixed : two small, glossy, transparent pieces of tape—not flat-edged, but textured, as if torn from a roll—paste up the image on either side. (The “I” now becomes legible, perhaps, as “red tape,” holding up the Comment rediger previous image; a letter becomes a visual design element, a kind of picture writing that constitutes the stuff of comics.) The back cover, then, points to the image as object : not only transparent representation —what it presents, depicts—but a medium-specific artifact with a material weight and Protein purification phd thesis, logic that is handled, moved, touched, placed. This approach, highlighting the artifact as an object in space, is in keeping with both my research in the Maus archive, in which I studied the site used price physical paper object over available bitmaps or pixmaps—and with comics as a practice in general, which is a way, as Spiegelman puts it, of “turning narrative into geography” ( MetaMaus , 185). MetaMaus showcases the materiality of purification phd thesis its archive throughout. A draft of a tier of panels, in which Vladek confronts Art about finding an early autobiographical comic strip, “Prisoner on the Hell Planet,” sits at the top of a MetaMaus page, anchored by black electrical tape on either side (many of science fair project Spiegelman’s drafts and sketches were taped into notebooks or folded in to other studies and notes) (35); full draft pages show excision marks and yellowing from glue stains, as in the page about a ghetto cake baked with detergent (74); some of these draft pages, whose coloration and textures display their layers of purification composition, are shown full-size to highlight their physical features, as in the final art for the significant “Time Flies…” page, which makes us take stock of the material weight of the words placed into the hanging balloons (163). In Assignment! A reproduction of a lithograph introducing the “Why Mice?” chapter has an evident blind stamp in the corner (110); a page of a notebook containing a sketch for one of the very earliest iterations of Maus is a scan not just of the panels but of the entire piece of paper, a crinkled, yellowed sheet with three holes, one ripped, on Protein purification phd thesis its left-hand side (121). A handwritten pencil note of my own, dating a research image as April 6, 1940, remains in its top-right corner (even I was surprised it wasn’t Photoshopped out) (137).

USED BY PERMISSION OF THE WYLIE AGENCY LLC. The image that is the exemplar of Spiegelman’s focus on the materiality of the apparatus of the Comment rediger dissertation comics page—an image I fell in love with in 2006, as soon as I saw it in a 1979 notebook—comes to readers under the rubric of “Maus studies in style,” as Spiegelman’s caption puts it (141). Mickey Mouse, making a quizzical expression, faces outward, looking at the viewer. The pen drawing appears on white lined paper; every other horizontal bar created by two lines is blank. At first glance, it looks as though the mouse is divided up, like he got erased or sliced, and Spiegelman is drawing his disconnected body parts as an exercise in style. But if one takes the visual logic of the paper’s format into consideration—taking the drawn image on as inextricably located in and not just on the material space of the page—we see that the mouse is behind the bars of the actual page and interacting with it . His little hands reach out, holding onto the blue line top edge of purification phd thesis a bar he stands behind. Spiegelman puns on the materiality of the page, calling our attention to homework excuses at work its determining properties. The character is behind bars of paper, and Protein purification phd thesis, he reaches out of these bars; he’s two-dimensional and, it suggests, three-dimensional at used books price, once, existing both inside and outside of the purification phd thesis frame we put him in. This image asks us to take stock of the materiality of its composition, just as the weightier “Time Flies” drafts do—versions of the famous final page, which Spiegelman has called his “avant-garde Times Flies pages” because they show the represented object; in this case, flies—both inside and outside of the material frames of the page (see pages 160-161).

The book’s interest in showcasing archives as full artifacts in space, revealing their three-dimensionality, is particularly evident with photographs. Not all photographs in MetaMaus are treated this way. In some cases, they provide a visual referent for an illustration, as in the small photographic image presented overleaf from the full-page “Mom and Write me a, Me in the Park, 1951 (Maus Revenge),” which functions, in spite of the phd thesis pressure Spiegelman places on this notion, as a kind of “objective correlative” for the lithograph (220). (The book has 66 stand-alone photographs, some public, such as a famous clandestine photo smuggled out from Auschwitz, or a U.S. military aerial shot of Auschwitz, but most private family photos, in addition to research paper science a collage page of maternal Zylberberg family photos [19 in all], and a collage page of paternal Spiegelman family photos [14 in all].) 23. USED BY PERMISSION OF THE WYLIE AGENCY LLC. However, the photographs that do highlight their own materiality are striking, as in the photograph of Vladek Spiegelman, one of only three photographs to purification appear in Maus , on the pages of MetaMaus . The question of une bonne how the Protein phd thesis three photos in Maus re-appear in MetaMaus exemplifies the book’s creation of Comment rediger une bonne dissertation its new archive. In an unnamed but dedicated eight-page section on photography in the chapter “Why Comics?,” in which all three Maus photographs reappear, we see the breathtaking souvenir photo of Vladek—only the photograph is different. Maus embeds a clean copy of the 1945 photograph on page 294, breaking out of the frame, revealing black space behind it.

In MetaMaus , we see a draft sketch for the same tier of panels, but this time with the original battered, creased photograph of purification phd thesis Vladek tilting out of the frame. The caption underscores this attention to the actual material object: “The original copy of Vladek’s photo” (220). The photo here highlights its own romantic, and filial, generational, transatlantic transmission : it looks like a photograph from 1945 that was carried with an itinerant person and mailed from Germany to a wife in Poland and brought to sell books price Sweden and the U.S. and passed along to a son decades later might look—it looks used, worn, traveled, gripped by many hands (the creases generate from the middle sides of the photograph, as if bent by purification phd thesis, actual touching). Further, the last conventionally narrative page of the book, before the Chronology and Index, ends with a photograph of Anja Spiegelman—and gives us, literally, a three-dimensional presentation: it shows us the front of the photograph, and then the back, delivering the complete object to readers. Spiegelman’s caption, unusually, appears at the top, so that the page’s ensuing narrative is given over to the logic of the full artifact, and the book ends with Vladek Spiegelman’s handwriting in pen on Comment the picture’s back: “Last cruise together with my beloved wife March, 1968. Protein Purification! Died May 21 st 1968.” (There is no page number for this page; just Vladek’s conclusive period.) If, as discussed previously, MetaMaus also showcases and enacts Maus ’s cross-discursive battles between Art and Vladek, it nevertheless gives Vladek the last word on an incontrovertible fact. The photograph appears not only as a powerful image, but as a powerful archival object with emotional and help volcanoes national, actual weight (the front image of the picture, angled right, even creates a small soft shadow on the handwritten back inscription). Along with the Protein purification amplification of embodiment and materiality of the rediger dissertation archive seen in Maus, MetaMaus ’s visual surface is also characterized by the cross-discursive dynamics Maus enacts. Protein! Although Art and I did not deliberately plan this aspect of the book—as we did not consciously plan the unrehearsed but recorded interlocutionary structure of MetaMaus as a mirroring of Maus — MetaMaus presents a tension on the page between the Help in assignment writing for behavior prose interview and Protein purification phd thesis, the graphics. 24 The pages of MetaMaus reflect, then, the une bonne tension between word and image that motivates the internal movement of all comics, and Protein purification phd thesis, that our collaborative connection could be said to reflect. Help For Behavior! In some sense, our work was about establishing the book, too, not only as containing comics within it, but further and more importantly establishing itself as more comics-like than it might have otherwise been.

The seemingly endless process of sifting and condensing and Protein, distilling and Write research science, locating our words in purification phd thesis, meaningful relation to highly curated images in rediger une bonne dissertation, space was, in essence, the practice of comics. And MetaMaus also enacts all of the interruptions, interstices, ambivalence, counterpoints, and (de-regulated) rhythms between word and image and presence and absence that the best comics do. As a graduate student at the University of Chicago pointed out to me, for instance, on phd thesis the first narrative page of the book—the opening of our interview—it looks, visually, like our interview is being pushed down by rediger, the two-page comic strip “Mein Kampf,” an earlier (1995) and much briefer meditation on memory, archives, and Maus (12-13). 25 Although the “Hillary font,” as we called it, a grey-green bold sans serif, opens the first chapter with a question in enormous letters on Protein the title page, when one turns the page, one does not first encounter the continuation of the interview implied by the question, but rather, immediately, the comic strip, which spans over four-fifths of each of the opening pages. From the very outset, the book establishes a tension between its prose and its graphics that is itself characteristic of Primary homework help volcanoes comics. The images can be interruptive or force the eye out of continuous reading.

Sometimes the interview jumps across pages, which are built on a vertical two column grid, and Protein purification, when one turns the homework help page, one is met immediately with an image opening the subsequent column, over which one’s eye must skip in order to purification phd thesis continue the interview, or on in assignment writing for behavior which one will pause before re-orienting with the interview. Protein! 26 There is no “right” way to absorb the pages; no correct order, as in comics, between words and Comment rediger une bonne, images. Double-spread pages, as in our discussion of creative block in the chapter “Why Mice?,” sometimes create an diagonal quadrant effect, in which a page with the basic vertical sequence text-image is followed overleaf by a page with the basic vertical sequence image-text, demonstrating that there is not only one acceptable way to take in the combination of visual and verbal elements ( MetaMaus 146-147). 27 I often felt that I had to optically climb over the visual/archival elements to keep the thread of the text going (incidentally, in the previously unpublished comic strip that accompanies the discussion of creative block, Spiegelman draws an interviewer climbing over elements of the past—bodies—in order to ask him questions about Maus ). MetaMaus values the interruptions of the visual archive, setting down and placing pressure on certain rhythms established between the visual archival elements and words on the page. The ethic of interruptiveness the pages set in motion is writ large in instances where the conversation is temporarily broken off by entire separate sequences, such as the appearance of the “Family Tree” section, which arrives not as an Protein purification, appendix, but rather in the middle of one of Spiegelman’s responses; it bisects page 223 vertically and rediger une bonne dissertation, continues for seven pages, after which we are returned to Art’s analysis of a specific page of Maus . The breaks are thematic, but they’re not clean. Protein Purification Phd Thesis! On one hand, this rhythm is about a dynamic in which we have a conversation about artifacts, and then let the artifacts “speak” for Comment une bonne themselves, as in purification phd thesis, the “Family Tree” section’s aggregation of family photographs. The non-linearity of dissertation MetaMaus , its edges and interruptions, reveals the book as testimony—not only a book about testimony (Spiegelman’s father’s), but rather distinct—the testimony, not testament, of a son, artist, and secondary witness, solicited through conversation. MetaMaus balances the weight of Protein phd thesis its archive with the visual emptiness of Best homework at work space. It shows the counterpoint of presence (the materiality of Protein purification phd thesis paper, ink, photographs) and absence—the unfilled speech balloons that suggest, at Comment une bonne dissertation, least graphically, the absences that remain despite all the Protein purification phd thesis work of rebuilding. The appearance of empty balloons—something we don’t get much of in Maus , despite Spiegelman’s nod to Online writing Beckett’s statement on silence—in MetaMaus makes legible and phd thesis, material the question: How do you fill in the gaps? 28 (In their graphic evocation of the empty boxes of the post-war Spiegelman family tree, the empty balloons suggest the presence behind the absence.) They are not about emphasizing the fact of the unrepresentable or untellable—in a recent public event, Spiegelman quipped that unlike when he started Maus , today “the unspeakable gets spoken within 10 minutes”—but rather about the effort made to communicate.

29 In my examination of writing Spiegelman’s drafts and purification phd thesis, studies, I was always surprised at how resonant the visual of the empty balloon felt, especially in dialogues, with physical gestures and the indication of sell used articulation in place and the words themselves evaporated: it looked like the representation of people trying to talk to each other, and it suggested, in a way, at least graphically, that the phd thesis site of interlocution was enough, no matter what the precise shapes of sound were. The last page of Help writing for behavior our interview features one drawing, and one photograph. In the Protein phd thesis drawing, a color panel study from Maus with blues and reds, the text box is empty, and the speech balloon is empty (234). Vladek and Anja, reunited, embrace tightly (the words we are missing in both dialogue and narration are Vladek’s; his “voice” will later connect to Comment rediger dissertation and fill this blank space, when his handwritten inscription on the back of a photograph of Anja ends the book.) This panel sits in the center of the page; our interview flows around it, and ends right before a photograph of Vladek and Anja’s cemetery tombstone—the “Spiegelman” tombstone drawn in Maus that concludes that book. Our last page enacts a reversal. While the final page of Maus (“it’s enough stories for now,” Vladek says) offers an phd thesis, ink headstone, under which Spiegelman’s signature sits, as if buried (or engendering his parents’ story backwards), MetaMaus ’s conclusion to talking offers a photographic headstone, above which sits Spiegelman’s typographic “signature,” in a way retracting the primacy of self that Maus ’s last marks could be seen to indicate. Maus ’s signature reads, by hand, “art spiegelman 1978-1991,” the span of time he worked on Best site sell Maus ; MetaMaus ’s reads “Art Spiegelman, with Hillary Chute, NYC, 2006-2010,” the span of time during which we put together MetaMaus . USED BY PERMISSION OF THE WYLIE AGENCY LLC. On one level, in its archival display mode, the page seems to cede to the indexicality of the Protein photograph, which is unattributed—no caption or date fixes this object, so it has a certain timeless resonance.

Yet on another level, we have Spiegelman’s post-plot ending, a black page overleaf with three small color panel studies, also with blank white text boxes, that float, unanchored, at the bottom of the page. They show a man, walking alone under a moon, train tracks ahead of him (the images depict Vladek, finally, heading home to Primary homework Poland from Germany). We end, on one hand, with the graphic emptiness of words, but also the Protein phd thesis fullness of me a research science fair project richly colored visual images. And while both pages offer unfilled spaces of the verbal within their panels, our last interview page offers a rich flow of purification prose, itself counterbalanced with the strictly visual post-plot ending with no words. Presenting its historical and Best homework at work, newly constituted archives, MetaMaus enacts the frisson between words and images throughout. The boxes of comics are archival boxes —boxes of space to put things in, to purification frame things with, to enclose and in assignment for behavior, preserve with (even if the elements inside will not stay still, spilling out into the gutter, or literally breaking the frame). The impulses shaping comics’ most basic grammar express an archival drive, or suggest what we might think of as comics’ archival unconscious. 30 In a 1977 meditation on Protein comics, Spiegelman points out Help in assignment writing that comics frames—also called panels, or boxes—are like windows of a building (“Introduction” np).

They may be this, but they are also containers , literal boxes that are the building blocks of a psychic and material edifice, offering the look and view implied by windows, but also the power to hold, include, delimit. The work that comics enacts is architectonic , as Spiegelman has often pointed out. Purification Phd Thesis! Maus , he says, for instance, could not be accomplished without the “architectonic rigor” of cartoonist Winsor McCay; his own attempts to define comics as a medium are to Help in assignment for behavior “get at what the architectonics” of comics might be. 31 The OED defines architectonic as of or pertaining to architecture, suited or serviceable for the construction of buildings; of or pertaining to construction. Two further definitions there pertain: one, noted to be used by Aristotle, is having the function of superintendence and control, i.e. having the relation that an architect bears to the artificers employed on the building; directive; controlling. Purification! The next is, simply, pertaining to the systematization of knowledge. Primary Homework Help! All of these apply to comics, which is a system of knowledge, in addition to a form of expression, that has everything to do with being an “artificer” in the Greek sense and one who controls the purification phd thesis shape of time, space, and Primary help volcanoes national, material on the page. 32 The architectonics of comics is the phd thesis process of archiving. It makes a location for ordering information to express history and memory. 33.

Spiegelman later likened comics boxes to packed suitcases, and Online help, he has figured comics boxes as boxes of memory smashing up against each other. 34 He has also likened comics panels, the Protein purification form’s most essential grammar, to coffins. He told me, to cite again an earlier quotation, that Maus is about “choices being made, of finding what one can tell, and research fair project, what one can reveal, and what one can reveal beyond what one knows one is purification phd thesis revealing. Those are the things that give real tensile strength to the work—putting the dead into at work, little boxes” ( MetaMaus , 73). The language of purification phd thesis putting the dead into little boxes is especially resonant given that Maus literally buries Vladek Spiegelman, ending the book with his headstone. To “archive” something can mean to materialize something in order to Online writing help place and bury it, as when I asked Spiegelman about Protein purification phd thesis, a notebook entry, on what seemed to Help in assignment for behavior me the key issue of his identification with Vladek, and his response—printed in MetaMaus , was, “Well, tell me more.

You know, I put in a notebook so I’d never have to think about Protein purification, it again” (32). 35 Then someone comes along and digs it up, as I did, and as Art did when he searched down information in homework volcanoes, his father’s archives for Maus (only there, his father had burned Anja’s notebooks, incinerating as opposed to burying to ensure finality). But comics’ procedure of Protein purification phd thesis archiving doesn’t have to be only entombing (and the dead don’t stay dead). Comics inscribes its information in boxes on the page in order to preserve and commemorate, but also to disseminate, to Best site sell circulate, to produce an purification, interaction. Hillary Chute is the author of Graphic Women: Life Narrative and Contemporary Comics (Columbia 2010) and Associate Editor of Art Spiegelman’s MetaMaus (Pantheon 2011). Sell Price! She is purification working on Write me a science a book titled “Disaster is My Muse”: Visual Witnessing, Comics, and Documentary Form . Purification Phd Thesis! Chute is the Neubauer Family Assistant Professor in English at the University of Chicago and will be a Visiting Scholar at Online apple, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences for 2012-2013. 2 For more on Maus and photography, see Hirsch, Family Frames , and Protein phd thesis, Liss, Trespassing Through Shadows . 3 Vladek Spiegelman, posthumously, became a historical public figure. For a time, although not currently, there was a discrete Wikipedia entry for Vladek; Stanley Crouch named him in his pantheon of heroes, and Lauren Redniss’s recent book Radioactive features an paper science fair, entry on phd thesis Vladek in a section on famous Polish citizens. 4 See Iadonisi for a take on the collaborative narrative fabric of Maus . 5 The main body of the book is an interview I conducted with Spiegelman for writing help apple a period of phd thesis two-plus years, which we had transcribed along the way and which I then edited from hundreds upon hundreds of Online writing apple pages down to workable drafts that we condensed into the roughly 234 pages that appear in the printed book. 6 See Chute 2005. Indy magazine is no longer operative.

7 It seems there might be an “archival turn” everywhere. In a highly specific way, however, it is Protein purification phd thesis clear to me that my field of study, contemporary nonfiction comics, is Write research project deeply steeped in the desires and problems that the Protein purification work of archiving asks us to consider. 8 Spiegelman accuses both parents of being a murderer in Maus . In the comic strip “Prisoner on the Hell Planet,” a work from 1972 that is embedded within the book, Spiegelman ends the strip with the Art character addressing his mother right after her suicide: “You murdered me, mommy, and writing, you left me here to take the rap!” 9 Hoffman points out how the body has been seen as an archive in at Protein purification phd thesis, least two senses: “as a storehouse for data and as itself a source of information” (6). 10 The notion of selection also has parallels, although inversely—selection for preservation versus selection for destruction—to the selektions that were such a defining feature of the Nazi program of elimination and such a large part of Vladek’s testimony in Maus . 11 Complete Maus, 258. 12 See Marks, “Maus and Bitburg.” 13 One striking and moving photograph included within MetaMaus is of Anja and Vladek in 1946, posing with this framed photograph of Richieu, as though the entire family of three is having their picture taken.

Anja’s elbow—she looks distracted and sad, while Vladek holds her and looks adoringly at her—touches the frame, as if establishing a bodily connection ( MetaMaus 236). 14 “Second Thoughts on the Memory Industry,” NYU/ New York Institute of the Humanities symposium. May 7, 2011. 15 See Chute, “‘The Shadow of a Past Time.’” 16 One other loosely sequential form visually representing Auschwitz could possibly be the space of the museum. See Landsberg. 17 See Hirsch 2004 for Best an analysis of visual encounters of recognition. 18 See “Drawing the Holocaust” in purification, The New York Review of Books online for sell books an excerpt of purification my interview with Spiegelman that deals specifically with survivor (and non-survivor) art. 19 Another striking example of cartoon drawing of the camps is the 1942 booklet “Mickey in Online writing help apple, Gurs,” by prisoner Horst Rosenthal (he died the same year in Auschwitz). See MetaMaus 138. 20 Ravensbruck , Ukrainian, artist unknown, 1946.

Auschwitz: Album of A Political Prisoner , Ukrainian, by Paladij Osynka, 1946. Protein Purification! Spiegelman very specifically classifies these pamphlets as part of his mother’s domain in presenting them on the DVD as “Anja’s Bookshelf.” Anja Spiegelman was formative for his artistry in many ways, including in her role as the owner and saver of the me a fair project small-press pamphlets she transported from Europe, and in purification, her role drawing collaboratively with her young son through the “Scribble game” (see Portrait ). Vladek’s second wife (and Maus character) Mala Spiegelman translated several of the pamphlets that appeared in homework at work, Polish for Spiegelman during his research for Maus . 21 There are only fifteen instances, including double-page spreads, like one of rejection letters, in which an image occupies an entire page of MetaMaus . This lithograph is based on a photograph of Anja and Art Spiegelman in Stockholm that appears in MetaMaus on the facing page, at about two inches high (40). The lithograph shares the composition of the photograph, except for a cat hanging (lynched?) from a tree branch behind Anja and Art. The lithograph image does not seem to imply the adult mother in the foreground has directly physically murdered the Nazi cat; rather, the purification phd thesis mere existence of her three-year-old son holding her hand in a snowsuit is tantamount to murdering—enacting revenge on—the cat standing in for Help in assignment for behavior Nazism. 22 For a recent essay on the nature of archives and Nazi official and private recordkeeping, see Farmer; for a take on the effect of Nazi documentation as seen in Berlin’s new “Topography of Terror” Center, see Malamud. 23 By stand-alone I mean not embedded in another previously circulating work, as in the two photographs that are part of the reprinted story “Mein Kampf” that opens an phd thesis, early section of the book.

The first four photographs to appear in Comment rediger une bonne dissertation, the book are these of Art (1956) and his son Dash (1995), on page 13, and Anja’s Polish passport (1946) and Vladek’s U.S. naturalization application (1951), on page 16, followed by the first non-circulating, non-previously contextualized photograph, Anja and Vladek kissing at Art’s bar mitzvah (1961), on page 21. 24 Art and I sometimes disagreed on the weight that should be given to purification phd thesis the different elements; I was much more comfortable with swaths of text whereas Art pushed me to see the Online help apple importance of visual anchors. This dynamic was instructive in that its tensions are actually parallel to the basic word and image tensions of the form of comics. 25 Thank you to phd thesis Carmen Merport for her insights about this tension. Although sometimes the graphics crush down the prose on the page, sometimes the images seem to surge up from the bottom of the page, what I think of as a crushing upwards . This is evident in a sequence in which Spiegelman and I discuss Nazi propaganda—a rich archive, for sure, that has a forceful visual presence in the book—and a poster for an anti-Semitic film featuring the leering face of a swarthy, pointy-eared, kippa-wearing Jew seems to push up on a tiny top-edge illustration by Spiegelman of cockroach Gregor Samsa, squeezing out prose and Help, allowing for only a few lines of type in between iterations of Protein purification phd thesis dehumanization (114). 26 Page 22, in which a draft from Maus opens the page in the top left while a sentence jumps from page 21 to 22 below it, is Primary homework volcanoes one example among many. 27 Another example, involving family photographs, is 32-33. 28 The Spiegelman character says to his therapist Paul Pavel: “Like Samuel Beckett once said, ‘Every word is like an unnecessary stain on silence and nothingness’” ( Complete Maus 205). 29 Spiegelman expands on this in conversation with me in a YouTube clip posted by the 92nd St. Protein! Y (October 6, 2011). 30 In “Archival Bodies,” Hoffman suggests of the notion of an archival unconscious : “the archival unconscious is not so much a place, or a preexisting set of meanings, but rather the function of an interactive process, in which something comes into Best sell used price, being” (27).

The interactive process here would be constituted in the relation between the psychic life of Protein imagined and remembered histories and the process of visualizing, or “materializing” them. 31 Silverblatt 33; MetaMaus 166. 32 Bechdel’s Fun Home explicitly takes on the language of the Best homework excuses Greek “artificer” and purification, suggests the cartoonist as artificer. 33 See Chute, “’In the Shadow of a Past Time’” (also included on the MetaMaus DVD) for one view of Maus and its ordering of information. 34 See 2008’s Portrait of the Artist as a Young… and MetaMaus 38 for comics panels and suitcases, and Portrait as an example of panels as boxes of homework help memory. This notion first found expression in Spiegelman’s experimental piece “Some Boxes for the Salvation Army” (1976). 35 This exchange reminds me of Protein phd thesis Vladek’s comment to site price Art: “All such things from the war, I tried to put out from my mind once for all… until you rebuild me all this from your questions” ( Complete Maus 258). Bechdel, Alison.

2006. Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic . Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Chute, Hillary. 2005. “Literal Forms: Narrative Structures in Protein, Maus ,” Indy Magazine (March). Online. -------. 2006. “The Shadow of a Past Time: History and Graphic Representation in.

Maus .” Twentieth-Century Literature 52.2 (Summer): 199-230. Cvetkovich, Ann. 2008. “Drawing the sell used Archive in Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home .” WSQ: Women’s Studies Quarterly 36: 1 2 (Spring/Summer 2008): 111-128. Farmer, Sarah. 2010. “Going Visual: Holocaust Representation and Historical Method,” American History Review (February): 115-122. Gardner, Jared. 2006. “Archives, Collectors, and the New Media Work of Comics.” Mfs: Modern Fiction Studies . Protein! Special issue on Graphic Narrative, ed.

Hillary Chute and Marianne DeKoven. 52.4 (Winter): 787-806. Print. Hirsch, Marianne. 2004. “Collateral Damage.” Editor’s Column. PMLA 119.5 (Oct.): 1209-15. --------. 1997. Family Frames: Photography, Narrative, and Postmemory . Cambridge: Harvard UP. Hoffman, Anne Golomb. 2009. “Archival Bodies.” American Imago 66.1 (Spring): 5-40.

Iadonisi, Rick. 1994. Paper Science! “Bleeding History and purification phd thesis, Owning His [Father’s] Story: Maus and Collaborative Autobiography.” CEA Critic 57.1 (Fall): 41-56. Print. Landsberg, Alison. 1997. “America, the Holocaust, and the Mass Culture of Help Memory.” New German Critique (Spring/Summer): 63-86. Liss, Andrea. 1998. Trespassing Through Shadows: Memory, Photography, and the Holocaust . Phd Thesis! Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Malamud, Randy. 2011. Writing Help! “Meticulously Evil: Nazi Efficiencies Documented in Topography of Terror.” Chronicle of Protein purification Higher Education , April 22, Vol. Write Research Paper Project! 57, Issue 33. Accessed March 14, 2012. http://chronicle.com/article/Meticulously-Evil/127100/ Marks, Clifford J. 2002. “Maus and Bitburg.” The Midwest Quarterly : 298-313.

Redniss, Lauren. 2010. Purification Phd Thesis! Radioactive: Marie and Pierre Curie: A Story of Love and Fallout . Write Me A Research Science Fair Project! New York: HarperCollins. Rohy, Valerie. 2010. Purification! “In The Queer Archive: Fun Home .” GLQ 16.3: 341-361. Silverblatt, Michael. In Assignment Writing! 1995. “The Cultural Relief of Art Spiegelman.” Tampa Review 5: 31-36.

Spiegelman, Art. Phd Thesis! 2011. Rediger Dissertation! The Complete Maus (anniversary edition). New York: Pantheon. ------. 1994. The Complete Maus . Protein Phd Thesis! CD-ROM. Best Site Used Books Price! New York: Voyager Company. ------. 1998. From Maus to Now to Maus to phd thesis Now . Palermo: La Centrale dell’Arte.

------. 1977. “Introduction.” Breakdowns . New York: Belier Press. ------. Books! 2011. The Complete Maus : Maus I: My Father Bleeds History, Maus II: And Here My Troubles Began . New York: Pantheon. ------.

2011. MetaMaus. Purification! Assoc. Ed. Hillary Chute. Volcanoes! New York: Pantheon. ------. Phd Thesis! 2008. Portrait of the Artist as a Young %@*! . In Breakdowns (reissue). New York: Pantheon. ------.

1976. “Some Boxes For the Salvation Army.” Arcade #5. San Francisco: Print Mint. Spiegelman, Art, and Primary homework help, Hillary Chute. 2011. “Drawing the phd thesis Holocaust.” NYRblog: New York Review of Books online. October 21. Accessed January 4, 2012. Homework Excuses! http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2011/oct/21/drawing-holocaust/

Spiegelman, Art, and Hillary Chute at the 92nd St. Protein Phd Thesis! Y. October 6, 2011. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vnb2D4FySro. Images are from MetaMaus by Art Spiegelman. Best Site Used Books Price! © 2011 by Art Spiegelman, used by permission of Pantheon Books, a division of Random House, Inc., and The Wylie Agency LLC. Marianne Hirsch and Diana Taylor. Volume 9 | Issues 1 and 2 | Summer 2012. Olga Rodriguez Ulloa.

Marianne Hirsch and Leo Spitzer. Andy Bichlbaum and Marcial Godoy-Anativia. Mary Marshall Clark. A SENSORIAL ARCHIVE OF THE COLOMBIAN CONFLICT. Jimena Lara Estrada. Jennifer Flores Sternad. Milagros de la Torre. Tamara Lea Spira. Vivian Martinez Tabares. Aravind Enrique Adyanthaya.

CONCIERTO PARA 3 MACHETES BY MIGUEL RODRIGUEZ SEPULVEDA. ASCO: ELITE OF THE OBSCURE, A RETROSPECTIVE 1972-1987 AT LACMA. CLIFFORD OWENS: ANTHOLOGY AT PS1. PLEGARIA MUDA BY DORIS SALCEDO. AND SO I LEFT FROM GEORGIA WALL'S UNSEEN PERFORMANCES. FELIPE DEGREGORI'S CHUNGUI: HORROR sIN LAGRIMAS.

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