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Best Practices where there is Family Violence (Criminal Law Perspective) The dangers faced by victims of domestic violence at the time of separation are well-established. According to psychologist Peter Jaffe, director of the Centre for Research on Violence Against Women and Children at the University of Western Ontario and a member of the Ontario chief coroners’ Domestic Violence Death Review Committee, 80% of domestic homicides happen at the point of separation or shortly thereafter. Actual or imminent separation is one of the Help report, most common risk factors present in cases of domestic homicides. The abused spouse may be at risk even where a complaint has been made to Get your done deal, police and the perpetrator is subject to bail conditions. Indeed, the risk of harm may increase on external intervention by police and/or the for assignment report, criminal courts (Ministry of the essay need help, Attorney General (BC), 2011: 1).

“The inquests into the deaths of Gillian Hadley and for assignment report, Arlene May and the Commission of Inquiry into books, the death of Rhonda Lavoie provide but three of many horrific examples of what can happen when the cycle of violence is permitted to spin out of control. All three cases involved murder-suicides. All three cases involved a history of domestic violence leading up to the catastrophic event where various anemic bail conditions on Help for assignment report, release and re-release did not provide appropriate protection to the female spouse. Writing A Good Expository Help! In each case, the recommendations identified the failures of the bail system as a major component in the criminal justice system’s failure to adequately address the dynamic apparent in these relationships.” (Saull, 2008: 10-11) These concerns have informed policies and directives to Crown prosecutors to exercise caution in consenting to the release of an report accused charged with an offence involving family violence. The murders of expository need help, women like Arlene May and Gillian Hadley both killed by estranged partners on bail at the time of the murders demonstrate how crucial it is for Help report, Crowns and courts to have an adequate understanding of the risk presented by an accused before making a determination about release pending trial. Balanced against these concerns, however, must be a recognition that in Writing essay help, the often emotional context of a family breakdown, allegations of violence made by one spouse against another can be exaggerated or even fabricated. In such cases, restrictive bail conditions may not be necessary. Moreover, as Justice Pugsley described in Shaw v. Shaw such conditions can negatively affect the Help for assignment, proper adjudication of related family law matters: Family courts decide custody and access issues on the basis of statute and case law defining the best interests of the children.

The criminal justice system pays no attention to such interests because it is not geared up to do so nor are the Online help for homework tudors, participants widely trained in how the actions of the report, system from the officer who refuses to C assignment, release the defendant at Help for assignment report, the station, to the duty counsel who allows the defendant to agree to inappropriate conditions of release out of expediency effect the Help assignment, lives of the members of the defendant’s family. Similarly the Superior Court is tasked with the for assignment, duty of Get your assignment done, adjudicating the Help for assignment, respective rights of the parties to C assignment help login, remain in Help for assignment report, the matrimonial home pending the resolution of the matrimonial litigation. Routine orders excluding a party from the with writing kill a mockingbird, common home of the parties until the Help report, end of the Online, criminal matter without thought to the consequences thereof, and Help for assignment report, without a remedy short of a bail review, place one party in help, a position of immediate superiority over report, the other party for as long as it takes (perhaps a year) for assignment done, defended criminal charges to for assignment, be resolved. Such rote treatment of all matters of domestic assault can lead, on the one hand, to concocted or exaggerated claims of criminal behaviour or, on the other hand, to innocent defendants pleading guilty at an early stage out of expediency or a shared desire with the assignment, complainant to for assignment, start to rehabilitate the family unit ( Shaw v. Shaw , 2008: para. 5). It is in this context, where legitimate safety concerns must be balanced against unnecessary restrictions on the liberty of an accused and disruptions to his or her family, that bail decisions are made. Below we attempt to identify best practices aimed at balancing these competing concerns. When an individual is charged with a criminal offence, he or she will either be released by police or held for a bail hearing.

Sections 496, 497, 498, 499 and 503 of the Criminal Code govern the Buy untraceable essays, manner in which the police may release an Help for assignment report accused person and compel his or her subsequent appearance in court. 4.2.1 Summons and Appearance Notices. Where the police do not arrest an accused, attendance at court can be compelled by an Appearance Notice (issued by police and later confirmed by a Justice of the Peace, when the charges are laid), or by a summons issued by a Justice of the Buy untraceable essays, Peace when the charges are laid. Both an appearance notice and a summons are official documents requiring a person to appear in court at a specific time and place to answer (or respond to) a criminal charge. They will generally only be used in the least serious cases where the police do not believe the accused needs to for assignment, be subject to any conditions and do not have concerns that the accused will fail to attend court. They are not commonly used where the criminal charge involves allegations of family violence. The appearance notice or summons will often require an accused to C assignment help login, also attend the local police station on a certain date in advance of the first court appearance to have fingerprints and photographs taken. No discussion of the offence takes place at the station and an accused person does not need to be accompanied by a lawyer. Accused individuals should be aware that if they fail to Help report, go for fingerprinting or fail to Buy untraceable, attend court on the date specified, they can be arrested and charged with the criminal offence of failing to appear (s. 145(4)-(10)). For Assignment Report! 4.2.2 Promise to Physics homework, Appear and for assignment, Recognizance.

If the accused is arrested without a warrant, the Criminal Code requires the arresting officer (s. 497) or the Officer-In-Charge of the police custody facility (s. 498) to assess whether detention is required to: establish the identity of the person, secure or preserve evidence of Online for homework, or relating to the offence, or prevent the continuation or repetition of the offence or the commission of another offence. Help For Assignment Report! An officer may also detain an assignment writing a mockingbird accused where he or she has reason to believe that, if the Help report, person is released from custody, the person will fail to attend court. If detention is Buy untraceable, not required, police must release the accused from the station. In making this assessment, the for assignment report, police typically consider the C assignment, personal history of the accused (any prior breaches, education, family, and employment), the circumstances of the specific charge, and Help report, the complainant’s wishes. An accused person who is C assignment help, not released by for assignment the police is to be brought before a court for a judicial interim release (“bail”) hearing within 24 hours, or “as soon as possible” thereafter (s. 503). C Assignment Help Login! Bail practices are considered in detail below. Report! An accused person who is arrested without a warrant and not held for Physics homework help, a bail hearing may be released by police on 1) an appearance notice or with the intention of having a summons issued; 2) a promise to appear; or 3) on a recognizance. For Assignment! A promise to appear or a recognizance are the Online tudors, only methods available where the Help report, arrest is made with a warrant (s.

499). The appearance notice and summons are described above. The promise to appear is similar to an appearance notice but it must be signed by the accused. A recognizance requires an accused to follow certain conditions with a financial penalty to a maximum of $500 if they are not followed. The recognizance may or may not require a deposit of the pledged money. Both a promise to appear and a recognizance can be accompanied by an undertaking (in Form 11.1) made to the police to abide by certain conditions while the accused person is on a release (s. 499 and 503).

An undertaking can have one or more of the following conditions: to remain within a territorial jurisdiction, to notify the officer of any change of address, employment, or occupation, to abstain from communicating directly or indirectly with specified individuals, to abstain from attending certain locations, to deposit his or her passport, to Get your assignment deal, abstain from possessing any firearm and to surrender any firearms licenses, to report at certain times to the police, to for assignment report, abstain from the essays, consumption of alcohol or other intoxicating substances, to Help report, abstain from the consumption of drugs except in accordance with a medical prescription, and to comply with any other condition the officer in help for homework tudors, charge considers necessary to ensure the safety and security of any victim or witness. Failure to comply with the undertaking is a criminal offence (s. For Assignment Report! 145(5.1)). Many individuals charged with offences relating to Online help tudors, allegations of domestic violence are not released from the police station. Instead they are held for a “show cause” hearing.

In some jurisdictions, there is an “unwritten policy” within police services that all accused charged with domestic violence related offences will be held for for assignment, a bail hearing. These sorts of assignment done, policies do not accord with the obligations of police officers under the Code which require the police to consider release pursuant to s. 498 and 499. Help Report! Notably, in R. v. Rashid , 2009, the Get your done deal, trial judge found a breach of section 9 of the Charter when the arresting officer failed to consider whether a release from the station was appropriate and acted, instead, pursuant to Help for assignment, a blanket policy requiring detention in domestic violence cases irrespective of the homework books, accused’s personal circumstances or the nature of the office. An accused will typically spend a night in police custody and then will be brought to court for a bail hearing. The accused may spend more time in custody if he or she is arrested on a weekend or requires time to retain a lawyer and identify sureties. [4] At court, the Help for assignment report, Crown may either consent to the accused’s release subject to specified conditions or can oppose the accused’s release. Where the Crown is opposed to release, there will be a contested bail hearing that takes place before a justice of the kill, peace. Pursuant to s. 515 of the Criminal Code , an accused will be released pending trial unless the prosecutor “shows cause” why the for assignment report, detention of the accused is assignment writing kill, necessary. The Crown can seek an accused’s detention on one of three grounds: to ensure the accused’s attendance in Help for assignment report, court (“primary ground”) for the protection and safety of the public (“secondary ground”) to maintain confidence in the administration of justice (“tertiary ground”) In certain situations specified in the Criminal Code , the onus is reversed and the accused must show cause why he should not be detained. For example, the onus will be on the accused where he is charged with failing to comply with a condition of a recognizance or undertaking, while he was on release for an earlier charge that is still pending (s.

515(6)). 4.3 Crown Approach to Bail in Cases of Alleged Family Violence. Buy Untraceable Essays! Public safety grounds are, not surprisingly, of significant concern in the context of allegations of domestic violence. In response to tragic deaths in several high profile cases and report, a growing understanding of the dynamics of family violence, many Crown offices have developed specific policies in respect of bail practice and procedure in cases of tudors, domestic violence. Help For Assignment Report! In the exercise of prosecutorial discretion in cases of domestic violence, the safety of the login, complaint and his or her family will be the paramount factor for the Crown to consider. In Ontario, Crowns are guided in their exercise of Help report, discretion by the guidelines contained in the Crown Policy manual. Assignment Deal! The manual, like the guidebooks in other provinces, directs Crowns to consider detailed risk assessments conducted by the police at the time of arrest. Factors that will be considered by Help report the Crown include: the C assignment, nature of the offence; the extent/presence of injuries; the history of the accused; the history of the relationship; any outstanding charges; any prior breach of a court order by the accused; concerns of the complainant; drug or alcohol abuse on the part of the accused; psychiatric issues; whether there is Help report, any evidence of criminal harassment; the strength of the Crown’s case; and the level of homework help, violence alleged by the complainant. Help! The Crown needs sufficient information about these factors in order to make an informed decision about whether to seek an accused’s detention. Similarly, the court will need the same information in order to make a determination as to whether detention is necessary and to craft appropriate conditions in Physics, cases where the accused is released ( R. v. E.M.B. , 2000).

Accordingly, it is critical that Crown offices establish protocols with local police services in respect of Help, ensuring Crowns have sufficient information to conduct a bail hearing. In Ontario, that information sharing occurs by way of mandatory “risk assessment checklist” and form. The value of the with assignment kill a mockingbird, risk assessment, of Help for assignment, course, depends on the reliability of the information that informs it. Police must be trained to properly complete the form (How, 2012). 4.3.1 Collecting Information for Bail Hearings.

As Justice Hill explained in R. Physics Help! v. Villota , citing the Report of the Commission on Systemic Racism in the Ontario Criminal Justice System, Crown counsel have “enormous control over information about the offence and are required to Help report, assume a leadership role in bail hearings to secure justice in the bail system.” ( R. v. Villota , 2002: para. 70) The challenges faced by Crown counsel at bail hearings are significant and the stakes high. The obligation to ensure the court has adequate information to make a decision about release will fall primarily on the Crown. Crown offices in many jurisdictions have developed policy guidelines and directives to assist prosecutors in fulfilling this role in Online, the context of busy bail courts. Numerous stakeholders interviewed in the course of for assignment report, preparing this report indicated how beneficial it would be for a criminal court particularly a bail court to have access to family court and child protection orders. Relying on Physics help, the accused and the complainant to convey accurate information about the existence and status of for assignment report, civil proceedings was not viewed as sufficient. Online Help For Homework Tudors! Helen How, Deputy Crown Attorney in Toronto, believes that the lack of access to court documents between the criminal and civil proceedings is one of the greatest challenges facing domestic prosecutions. Ms.

How indicates that she only sees a family court order if it is provided by a complainant (How, 2012). Justice Bovard, who helped to create Toronto’s integrated domestic violence court and for assignment report, has written and lectured extensively on the topic of the intersection of books, criminal and family law, similarly believes it would be beneficial for criminal courts to have access to “FRANK” the case tracking system in Ontario developed to address the Help for assignment report, management of expository essay help, information in civil cases. The information management system in Ontario was the Help for assignment report, subject of recent criticism in the judgment of Justice Brown in Romspen Investment Corp. v. 6176666 Canada Ltée . In colourful language, Justice Brown attacked what he called the antiquated document management and case scheduling system of the Ontario courts: I suppose that on a sunny, unusually warm, mid-March day one should be mellow and accept, without complaint, the systemic failures and delay of this Court’s document management system. The problem is assignment writing a mockingbird, that from the perspective of the members of the public who use this Court, delays caused by our antiquated, wholly-inadequate document management system impose unnecessary, but all too real, costs on them. And yet the entity that operates that part of the Court’s administration system the Court Services Division of the Ministry of the Help for assignment, Attorney General seems completely indifferent to the unnecessary costs it is causing to the members of the public who use our Court ( Romspen , 2012 at para. 1).

Though made in the context of a decision about a commercial dispute, the short comings of the paper-based document management highlighted by Justice Brown may be equally applicable to Writing need, cases involving family violence. A court system “under which documents were filed electronically and accessible to judges and report, others through a web-based system, with sealed documents specially encrypted to limit access to judges only” would no doubt facilitate better informed judicial determinations in Physics, family law, criminal and child protection proceedings. In some jurisdictions, family and criminal courts have developed protocols for information sharing. For example, Lanark County, Ontario, has created a formal protocol for domestic violence cases involving criminal and family courts (Goldberg, 2011: 53). These types of protocols help to ensure the criminal court has accurate information about pending family law proceedings before making a bail order. A court granting bail and deciding on terms of release should be aware of the following: any family court orders or proceedings; the accused’s access to the children related to for assignment, the complainant; the with assignment, risk assessment and/or safety checklist completed by police; any restrictions imposed by a child protection agency; and Help report, accused’s history, or lack of history, of Buy untraceable essays, violence. In cases involving allegations of family violence, the most common terms of Help, release include: “no-contact” conditions in respect of the complainant; a “no-go” term restricting the accused from attending within a specified distance of the complainant’s home and work place; restrictions on access to the children of the complainant; an abstain from with assignment writing a mockingbird drugs and alcohol clause and a weapons prohibition.

The terms of release in respect of communication and access to children are the most difficult to Help for assignment, draft and often have the most impact on Buy untraceable essays, parallel family law proceedings. Justice Bovard explains the difficulties that can arise from restrictive bail conditions imposed in cases where an allegation of domestic violence has been made: Family law cases are quite complex and the dynamic is often in flux; things change rapidly and the Family Court has to be able to react to Help for assignment, these changes in a meaningful way without being encumbered by bail orders that tie its hand behind its back. Bail conditions can last a long time and this makes it almost impossible to deal with issues that come up regarding the essays, welfare of Help report, children and access and support issues. C Assignment Login! People need to contact each other to report, deal with these issues. It is especially important to Get your assignment deal, resolve issues that touch on the best interest of children in Help report, the most efficient manner. This is difficult, if not impossible, to do if the parents are not allowed to contact each other (Bovard, 2009). C Assignment Help! In this section of the Help report, report, we review typical bail conditions, identify potential problems with the wording chosen and provide suggestions for better practices.

4.4.1 “No contact directly or indirectly with the complainant except through a mutually agreeable third-party or pursuant to a Family Court order and only for purposes of arranging and facilitating child access.” The wording of this condition properly avoids the Buy untraceable essays, “blanket” prohibition on communication that Justice Bovard and others have counseled against. For that reason it enjoys significant advantages over a condition that requires spouses to absolutely refrain from contact (e.g. “abstain from communicating directly or indirectly with the complainant”). Absolute prohibitions are likely to prevent any progress being made in parallel family law or child protection proceedings and may be inconsistent with family court orders in respect of custody and access. However, there remain some difficulties with the wording. First, a bail condition that requires the complainant’s consent to appoint a “neutral” third party to assist with contact and access to the children may put pressure on the complainant to report, agree, could enhance any existing power imbalance and create another source of tension in the relationship. A better solution may involve requiring a surety or officer-in-charge to agree to the third party (Bovard, 2012). Second, arranging and facilitating access to children may be frustrated even where bail conditions permit communication through a third party. For example, the inability of an accused who is exercising her access rights to the children to notify the complainant of unexpected lateness or emergency situations may result in further tension between the accused and the complainant or even further police involvement.

For this reason, in appropriate cases, a court may wish to consider whether a non-communication condition could include an exception for “contact by login e-mail or text message, the contents of which are limited to arrangement related to access to children only.” This sort of exception to the non-communication order may not be appropriate in for assignment, cases involving serious allegations of violence, where the Writing help, complainant does not feel safe having any contact with the accused. In many more minor cases, however, such an exception may be beneficial. For Assignment Report! Third, the condition set out above does not allow for contact between the accused and the complainant through counsel or for any purpose other than facilitating access to the children. C Assignment! Ongoing family law proceedings will be effectively put on hold if the parties are not allowed to communicate in Help for assignment, any way, even through their respective family law counsel. Help! 4.4.2 “Contact with children to be exercised under the supervision of the child protection agency or pursuant to the order of a court of competent jurisdiction.” Crafting appropriate terms of release relating to the accused’s access to his or her children presents a significant challenge for the criminal courts: Termination of contact between parents and children can seriously and often detrimentally affect their lifelong relationship. No-contact orders can also impede counselling or other efforts to address the underlying issues facing the family, and can prevent any meaningful assessment of whether regular contact is in the child’s best interest. Further, it can be very difficult to change release conditions once they are made; no-contact bail orders can remain in place for a year or more in some cases, despite every effort of child protection agencies to change them.

For these reasons, judges may prefer to Help for assignment report, craft conditions of release that allow for child protection authorities and/or family courts to C assignment help, determine whether access should occur and Help for assignment report, under what circumstances (Goldberg, 2012: 54). There are a number of factors to consider in deciding on assignment, appropriate terms of release including the circumstances of the offence and Help for assignment report, whether or not the child is the complainant or a witness in respect of the Writing a good expository essay help, alleged offence. In cases where the child is the complainant or a witness, a complete prohibition on report, communication may be necessary pending trial. Buy Untraceable! Strict no contact provisions are informed by concerns that 1) contact between an accused parent and a child complainant will give rise (even subconsciously) to feelings of guilt or doubt that could affect the child’s ability and willingness to testify truthfully; and 2) an accused may attempt to influence the Help for assignment, child’s evidence. The prosecution may oppose a condition that permits a family court order to login, allow access to the child. The objective of the family court is the best interests of the child, but that court may not have sufficient information about the underlying criminal charge or the emotional conflict that can ensue from having to testify in Help report, court (Witkin, 2007: 2; Joseph Stangarone, 2009: 2-3). Ms.

How explains that she is help books, cautious about relying on family court orders when crafting bail conditions because of the different goals of the family and criminal court proceedings. In her view, civil proceedings are often aimed at reunification of the family while criminal proceedings focus on safety issues and ensuring an effective prosecution (How, 2012). The concerns of the Crown regarding delegating contact decisions to a family court may be alleviated by a condition in the bail directing the family court to consider the criminal charges when making an order for contact (Goldberg, 2011: 54). In cases of allegations of spousal assault that do not involve the children as complainants or witnesses, the justification for strict no-contact provisions is attenuated. Where a child is in Help, no danger from the accused parent, separation for a significant length of time can needlessly result in unnecessary damage to the parent-child relationship. In these situations, a requirement that contact be supervised by C assignment help a child protection agency may not be appropriate or necessary. Help Report! Child protection agencies have limited resources to supervise parental access visits. Accordingly contact between the accused parent and the child may be restricted not because of any safety concerns but simply because of a lack of resources.

The condition set out above, which would permit contact with children under the supervision of the child protection agency or pursuant to the order of a court of competent jurisdiction is troublesome in that it could result in conflicting orders between the Children’s Aid Society (CAS ) and the family court. Moreover, as Justice Bovard explains, CAS may not be willing to act in a supervisory role. Child protection agencies that are not involved with the family may object to being involved in enforcing bail orders and take the position it is Help writing kill a mockingbird, not within the agency’s mandate to supervise access for all parents involved in the criminal justice system. Even where CAS is prepared to supervise, the access facilitated may be sporadic, at best. There are resource issues which severely limit the amount of supervised access that is available. For these reasons, in Justice Bovard’s view, the Family Court is really in the best position to consider all of the Help report, circumstances when deciding questions of access and to make a determination that is in the child’s best interest. Justice Bovard’s sentiments are echoed by Kate Kehoe: Child protection authorities have a specific legislative mandate to ensure the safety and homework books, well-being of children, and can provide services to Help for assignment, the family to alleviate protection concerns. However, orders which only provide for access as directed by Get your assignment done the child protection authorities do not permit any variation in for assignment, cases where the family court judge is of the C assignment login, opinion that the child protection authorities are not exercising their discretion in the best interests of the children. Further, orders which provide for Help, access “supervised by the child protection authority” can place the child protection authority in a difficult position. Writing A Good Essay! In some cases, the agency may not have grounds to bring the Help for assignment, matter before the court or may be of the view that the safety of the Help with assignment kill a mockingbird, child can be ensured without a court order (perhaps with a family member or access centre providing the Help for assignment, supervision). However, child protection agencies are often not funded by their governing bodies to supervise access except where such access is court-ordered.

The agency will therefore be forced to commence litigation solely for Online help, the purpose of carrying out the order made by the criminal court (Kehoe: 4). There appears to be some consensus that child protection agencies should not be mandated by bail conditions to supervise access. However, where a court nevertheless wishes to impose this sort of condition, it may be beneficial to Help for assignment report, include a term specifying the minimum amount of access that is to be facilitated (e.g. “contact with children to for homework, be exercised under the supervision of the child protection agency and not to for assignment, occur less than once per week”). While this does not address all of the concerns noted above, it does ensure some consistent access to assignment done deal, the children for an accused parent. 4.4.3 “Contact with children pursuant to for assignment, a Family Court order that post-dates the date of this order” “Contact with children pursuant to a Family Court order” Where the bail includes a condition that contact with children is essays, permitted pursuant to a family court order, the term should specify that the family court order be one that post dates the bail order. A family court order made before the arrest of the accused may no longer be appropriate in light of the criminal allegations. For example, a family court order allowing for generous access for a non-custodial parent should not continue to govern when the parent has been charged with assaulting the child. Justice Bovard suggests that the term “post-dates” is unnecessarily confusing to many accused persons. This could be replaced with “made after this bail order.” If a court determines that it is necessary to have a condition limiting contact between an accused and his or her children, the condition “Contact with children pursuant to a Family court order that post-dates the date of this order” is likely the best option available.

The difficulty with even this sort of provision, however, arises from the practical realities of obtaining a family court order which can impose significant barriers to access for an accused parent. Justice Bovard explains that an application for access made to a family court can take several months to be heard during which time the accused parent and the child cannot have contact. Delays can be even longer if either or both parents are unrepresented. According to Justice Bovard up to 70% of litigants in for assignment report, Ontario Court of Justice family matters are unrepresented (Bovard, 2012). Writing Expository Essay Help! In some cases the resulting delay in contact between parent and child cannot be safely avoided, however a total prohibition on Help report, contact will not be necessary in all cases. A busy justice of the Buy untraceable, peace in Help report, a busy provincial court house is unlikely to have sufficient information at a bail hearing including reliable information on the dynamics in the family and the historic relationships between parents and children to make an appropriate access decision. It is in expository, this context that a bail court must undertake the difficult task of assessing the risk presented to children or other family members with little information and little knowledge as to how the family will be dealt with by other courts. Best practices for ensuring that bail courts have as much information as possible are discussed in other sections of the report. For Assignment! Where, having considered the available information, the bail court is satisfied that there is no apparent danger associated with the children having contact with the Online tudors, accused, any decisions about access and custody may be best left to the family court. We note, however, that where the Help for assignment, terms of bail do not address access issues there may be a period of time where no court order is in place governing the interaction between an C assignment help accused parent and a child. 4.5 Defence Counsel / Duty Counsel Approach to Bail.

4.5.1 Ensuring Reasonable Bail Conditions. Being detained, particularly for an accused person who has never had any previous experience in the criminal justice system, can impose an intolerable amount of pressure on an individual and may result in an unwarranted guilty plea. Negotiating a speedy release for a client is therefore critical. It is equally important, however, that the client be willing and for assignment, able to comply with the bail conditions imposed. It will be difficult to vary conditions agreed to in an effort to get out of custody quickly, particularly where the conditions were negotiated by experienced defence counsel.

In R. v. Bain , for example, the accused ex-husband was released on the consent of the Crown with conditions including that he not attend within 200 metres of the matrimonial home. This term was included in the recognizance of bail despite the fact that at the time of his arrest, the accused was residing in essays, that home, the complainant was living in another residence and the two were in the process of litigating the issue of Help for assignment, possession of the matrimonial home in family court. Justice Shaw held that it was not role of the criminal courts to vary the accused’s conditions of bail in order to Help assignment writing kill, “level the playing field” in the family court proceedings ( R. v. Bain , 2009: para. Help For Assignment! 13). In addition to the issues addressed above relating to communication with the complainant and access to children, defence counsel should also ensure that the bail conditions do not place an accused at any more of a disadvantage in the family law proceedings than absolutely necessary. Physics Books! Counsel should ensure, for example, that the accused is permitted to return to the matrimonial home, in the company of police, to obtain personal items. If family law proceedings are initiated (including custody, access or support application), the Help, accused will need personal and Buy untraceable essays, financial documents, including bank statements, tax returns, pay stubs, passport, etc. Terms of the bail that restrict access to the family home can also amount to de facto orders for the exclusive possession of the family home. Similarly, restrictions on contact with children imposed by the bail order can result in the creation of a “status quo” in relation to issues of Help report, custody and access. Login! 4.5.2 Checklist for Defence Counsel and Duty Counsel.

As set out above, risk assessments play a significant role in for assignment report, the exercise of Crown discretion in domestic violence cases, including bail decisions. Defence counsel must be prepared to deal with this approach and be able to respond to and address Crown counsel’s concerns. Defence counsel will be in a better position to negotiate workable terms of release where he or she has the Physics, following information: Does the client have children? How will the bail order affect his or her access to Help, the children? What, if any, family court proceedings is your client involved in? Divorce?

Custody and access? Child/spousal Support? Child protection? When is the next court date? Does the client have a family lawyer? Are there any existing family court orders regarding: custody and access or exclusive possession of the matrimonial home? Do the circumstances of the allegation make the previous order inappropriate? Are the circumstances such that counsel can argue that issue of access is better left to the family courts in the circumstances of the case? Has a risk assessment been conducted by the Crown or police?

If so, can a copy be obtained from the Crown? An accused at a bail hearing is often being assisted by duty counsel who has no previous relationship with the accused and limited ability to find out the answers to these questions. Duty counsel should find out from the accused whether he or she has a family lawyer or a lawyer in relation to child protection proceedings. Counsel in these matters can be an invaluable source of information on short notice. It is important to help, note that in many cases an accused person charged with a domestic violence offence will remain unrepresented by counsel throughout the criminal proceedings. For Assignment! As Ms. How explains, in Ontario, individuals will not qualify for Writing expository essay help, legal aid unless there is a risk they will be sentenced to a term of imprisonment if found guilty and they meet strict financial eligibility guidelines (How, 2012). The Crown, with the assistance of the investigating police force, is likely to have compiled background information including prior incidents, complainant input and Help report, risk assessments.

Where the Crown wishes to C assignment help, rely on this information in the course of the bail hearing, it must be disclosed to Help report, the accused. Duty counsel should examine this material and discuss it with the C assignment login, accused before the hearing if at all possible (Legal Aid Ontario: 49). Actuarial risk assessment tools, such as the Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment (ODARA), may be completed by police and provided to for assignment, the Crown in advance of the essay need help, bail hearing. Risk assessment results and reports are not admissible as evidence unless an expert witness is called who can interpret the report and express an opinion in regard to its validity as a predictor of report, behaviour. However, the facts which underlie the risk assessment score may be introduced as evidence (Nova Scotia Public Prosecution Service, 2009: 2). Physics Help! In many jurisdictions Crown counsel will take a conservative approach to bail in cases of domestic violence. For Assignment! The Crown may seek detention even where there is no criminal record and no outstanding charges. Help Login! Where the Crown consents to the accused person’s release it is often only where the Help report, terms of release require the accused to reside with a surety. The bail handbook developed by Legal Aid Ontario for duty counsel reminds duty counsel that, in this context, it will often to fall to duty counsel to protect the record and “repeatedly remind the court of the requirements of s. 515 of the C assignment login, Code ” which places the onus on report, the Crown to show cause for each increasingly restrictive form of release. The range of cases that involve allegations of “domestic violence” varies widely. The tendency to lump all such cases together and insist on the same stringent bail conditions in all cases must be resisted.

In Appendix A we have outlined some relevant case law which may assist in a contested bail hearing. Counsel representing an accused at a bail hearing should ensure, if possible, that the help, terms of release: permit the accused to return to the matrimonial home, in the company of the police, to collect personal effects, including financial documentation; do not limit contact between the accused and the complainant that will hamper the accused’s ability to resolve his or her family law case (e.g. avoid conditions that prohibit any contact between the accused and complainant, without exception); specify minimum terms of access to children where a complete prohibition is not warranted; and Help report, do not restrict the accused’s ability to work. 4.5.3 Advising a Client after Release. An individual who is accused of a domestic offence and has spent a night in custody often experiences a certain shock at the reality of his or her situation. That state of shock can make it difficult for the individual to take the necessary steps to address the numerous and pressing issues relating to both the family and criminal proceedings. Defence counsel should advise the client to retain family law counsel as soon as possible and provide the names of referrals. The accused may need to respond to emergency motions brought without notice by the complainant or may need to bring his or her own applications. Help For Homework! For instance, the accused may consider making one of the following emergency applications in order to protect his or her relationship with the children and prevent the creation of a “status quo” in respect of custody and possession of the matrimonial home: Emergency order for specified access to the children. This type of application should be made immediately where the criminal court has imposed conditions that do not provide for access; Order for for assignment report, supervised access if that is what is required by the bail conditions.

Where such a condition is imposed, defence counsel may wish to include a requirement that the access supervisor be required to deliver access reports to counsel or the court, particularly, where an accused believes such reports will reflect favourably on him or her (and/or could demonstrate attempts at parental alienation by the complainant); Order for Get your done deal, the non-removal of children from the jurisdiction, if the accused believes the Help, complainant is a flight risk; A Preservation order to prevent depletion of a spouse’s property (Halpern, et al., 2007: 14-15). Buy Untraceable! Family Law Act of Ontario, if the court considers it necessary for Help for assignment, the protection of the other spouse's interests under this Part, the court may make an interim or final order,(a) restraining the depletion of a spouse's property; and (b) for the possession, delivering up, safekeeping and preservation of the property.[5] Where an accused is unable to retain counsel for the family law matter, defence counsel may wish to point the client to the resources available for unrepresented litigants. In order to allow for the effective drafting of applications and responses, family counsel should be made aware of the nature of the done deal, criminal allegations against the accused and any bail conditions imposed. Where affidavits are prepared in support of the applications or responses, it is good practice to have the contents reviewed by criminal counsel. As will be discussed in greater detail below, the contents of materials filed in family court proceedings can make exceptional fodder for cross-examination at Help for assignment report, a criminal trial.

An accused and login, a complainant must ensure that statements made and positions taken in the family law context are not inconsistent with those made and taken in the criminal courts. Report! Client management and proper explanation of the C assignment, consequences of breaching a bail condition are crucial. Clients need to know that if they breach a condition of bail (or an undertaking given to the police), they will end up back in custody and that bail will be significantly more difficult to obtain in Help, the face of breach charges, particularly in Online for homework tudors, light of the reverse onus provisions (s. 145 and s. 515(6)(c)). While the concept seems simple, the dynamics at play in cases of allegations of domestic violence often add complications. Clients are likely to Help report, become frustrated with the slow pace of the criminal justice system and will want to resume communication, and even cohabitation with the Get your, complainant. A complainant who shares those desires can exercise considerable pressure on an accused.

Clients should be advised to resist temptation. Anecdotal experience suggests that where the accused and complainant do resume contact, discussions often escalate into disagreements about the pending charges and may result in a breach of bail charge. Clients should be advised that even contact initiated by the complainant will violate the terms of Help report, bail and that the accused is obligated to essays, terminate contact immediately. Accused individuals should be aware that there are no reciprocal non-communication conditions or restrictions placed on complainants. In some cases, an accused fears that a complainant will “set up” or encourage a breach of the conditions of bail.

In these situations, an accused should be advised to keep a journal or diary of his/her activities and to record telephone message/texts/emails from the complainant. Counsel should not assist or participate in violation of bail conditions. Report! That means counsel cannot turn a blind eye when a client who is subject to a non-communication order comes to the lawyer’s office with complainant in tow. Instead, counsel should take immediate steps to address the issue. In Ontario, the Crown policy manual mandates that where there is Physics books, a breach of Help for assignment, a no-contact order condition of bail in with writing, the domestic violence situation, “Crown counsel should apply for revocation [of the original bail] and seek a detention order.” Where a Crown exercises his or her discretion otherwise and does not seek detention, he or she must make a written explanation in the file (Ministry of the Attorney General (Ont), 2005). Because a breach of a court order is an for assignment identified risk factor for future violence, it is important for Crown Counsel to consider laying charges, where appropriate, for breaches of bail orders. The Crown may choose to proceed on these charges even if the substantive charge is ultimately not prosecuted, especially in assignment writing a mockingbird, situations identified as high risk. Convictions for breaches will inform risk assessments at future bail and sentencing hearings (Ministry of the Attorney General (BC ), 2011: 3). Complainants should be made aware of restrictions on the accused either by the Crown, the police, or victim services.

A complainant should be made aware that where there is a “no-contact” term of bail, an for assignment accused is Help, not permitted to resume contact with the complainant, even with the complainant’s consent. Complainants who wish to for assignment, resume communication and/or do not want the criminal court proceedings against their spouse to continue should be advised to seek independent legal advice (see further discussion below in 4.7.1.2). Help Assignment A Mockingbird! Complainants should be made aware of what constitutes a breach of recognizance and the importance of reporting breaches to the police. The complainant may wish to keep a diary of any attempted contact or communication by an accused. An accused seeking a bail variation increases his or her chances of success by approaching the Crown with a realistic variation supported by the requisite information (including input from the complainant, confirmation of family court orders, etc.). While best practices for for assignment, obtaining a bail variation will depend to a large extent on the unique circumstances of each case, for ease of consideration, we have divided domestic assault cases into Help assignment writing a mockingbird, two types: those where the complainant is cooperative and those where the complainant is adversarial.

This division is merely practical but it affects how the case will be addressed at the bail variation stage and what information should be provided to report, a complainant and accused. 4.7.1 Where the Complainant Supports a Bail Variation. These cases typically involve a domestic relationship where, post-arrest, the complainant and defendant want to reconcile. This type of case is not limited to those where the complainant recants or changes his or her version of events; in some cases, the complainant maintains the accuracy of the allegation, but nonetheless wants to reconcile with the C assignment help, accused. In these circumstances, bail conditions can cause hardship for Help for assignment, both an accused and C assignment login, the complainant. As discussed above, an accused may be removed from his or her house, prevented from seeing and at times speaking with his or her children. Decisions relating finances, joint businesses, child rearing, education, etc. are put on hold.

Bail variations will form part of a plan to resolve these cases. In cases of family violence, there are three general plans to deal with the case: 1) a guilty plea, where the client is prepared to admit guilt; 2) resolution through a peace bond, diversion or withdrawal; or 3) a trial, where the client maintains innocence. Bail Variations and Violations in the Domestic Context The Defence Perspective , presented at the 2007 Ontario Bar Association Conference on Crime in the Family: Navigating the Intersection between Criminal and Family Law.[6] 4.7.1.1 Bail Variations in Anticipation of a Guilty Plea. Where the case is dealt with through a guilty plea in Help for assignment, association with participation in a treatment program, bail variations are generally standard graduated variations that are tied to progress in the counselling program. Often, a client will plead guilty and have their sentencing adjourned to proceed after the completion of the program. In these cases, a bail variation is often granted that allows full contact between the Writing essay need, defendant and the complainant subject to the “written, revocable consent” of the complainant. The complainant’s written revocable consent for contact is to be filed either with the Crown’s office or with the report, Courthouse Probation office.

Both the accused and Physics help books, the complainant should be aware that the complainant may revoke his or her consent verbally at any time and that the revocation does not require any grounds, nor does it require the office with which the consent is report, filed to Help with kill, be notified to take effect. Should the consent be revoked, the accused must cut off all contact with the complainant immediately. Generally, Crown Policy is not in favour of withdrawing domestic assault charges or resolving them by way of peace bond apart from cases where there is little prospect of Help report, conviction. Physics Homework Books! Clients need to understand that efforts undertaken to seek a withdrawal or peace bond are not guaranteed and the Crown may legitimately decide to continue with a prosecution notwithstanding the Help for assignment, efforts undertaken by all parties. Where the complainant is co-operative and the client wishes to assignment deal, seek a peace bond or withdrawal resolution of the charges, counsel may wish to for assignment, consider the following steps: Counsel needs to assess whether the couple is legitimately committed to Buy untraceable essays, remaining together and working through their problems. Help Report! Making domestic assault charges “go away” takes hard work. Successful resolution is most likely to occur in cases where the client and his/her partner are committed to seeking a constructive resolution of the assignment done deal, charges and Help report, are prepared to make a legitimate effort to better themselves and move forward. The complainant should receive independent legal advice (ILA). In cases where financial means are a concern, counsel should consider asking a colleague to provide the Buy untraceable, ILA pro bono or at Help for assignment, a reduced rate and offer to do the same when they have a complainant that needs ILA . It is important though, that the ILA be, and to appear to be, truly independent. The complainant’s wishes should be conveyed to the Crown by the counsel providing the ILA on an ongoing basis.

The ILA should cover basic information relating to the process. The complainant should be advised of Crown Policy in expository essay need help, domestic assault cases. They need to understand that they cannot simply ask for charges to be “dropped”. In fact, the complainant did not “press” charges in the first place. Complainants should be advised about the stages in a criminal proceeding and their role. They should be provided with information relating to their safety. In cases where the Help report, complainant indicates that they wish to change or retract their allegation, he or she needs to be advised of the potential consequences.

If necessary, counsel providing the ILA may need to assist in essays, drafting an affidavit from the complaint where there is a partial or full recantation. ILA helps to reassure the Crown and the court that a complainant is Help for assignment report, cooperating with an accused freely and voluntarily and not out of fear or intimidation or because he or she is subject to coercion. Counsel should arrange for Physics help books, private individual counselling. Each party should meet with a counsellor individually at least once and discuss their willingness to report, participate and Help with writing a mockingbird, complete counselling. The counsellor should report to counsel who needs to know whether the counsellor feels he or she can help the couple.

The counsellor may want to meet with the parties separately for a while and determine whether joint counselling sessions are appropriate. Sometimes a “cool down” period is warranted. Get an interim report from the counsellor to provide to the Crown in support of Help, a bail variation request to permit joint counselling. A Crown needs to have something tangible demonstrating that the efforts being undertaken are legitimate and earnest. Have the parties attend a number of sessions with the counsellor. Ten is usually a good start, twelve to fourteen sessions is usually the norm.

Get a follow up report for the Crown. C Assignment Login! Consider whether the client should also enroll in drug/alcohol/anger management courses in Help for assignment, addition to the counselling. If so, get reports for the Crown. Bail variations can be sought incrementally and should be supported by counselling reports, etc. At first, just get the couple back together for counselling. As counselling progresses well, further incremental variations for example, permitting telephone communication, then meetings in writing kill a mockingbird, the presence of for assignment, third party, then unrestricted contact, can be sought. Once all counselling has been successfully completed, the Crown can be approached with a view to seeking a withdrawal or peace bond.

In many cases the answer may be no. However, in some cases, given the passage of time, the genuine and extensive efforts made by the parties and the consequences of having an entry (even a discharge) on a person’s record, a Crown can be persuaded to accept the proposed resolution. If not, the case is likely well set-up for an absolute or conditional discharge following a finding of guilt. Clients should be advised that this process can be lengthy. Many counselling programs have lengthy waiting lists and, once admitted, run from 10 14 weeks, plus additional time for various court appearance, pre-trial, etc. The steps undertaken above in order to vary the client’s bail may occur where an accused maintains his or her innocence. However, the scope of any counselling will necessarily be circumscribed by the fact that the client denies any assaultive behaviour.

Counsel must ensure that any report provided to the Crown does not directly or indirectly constitute an admission of guilt. 4.7.2 Where the writing a mockingbird, Complainant Opposes a Bail Variation. Sometimes, the parties have no intention of resuming the relationship and the complainant does not support a bail variation. These cases are generally, though not always, more adversarial in report, nature. Help Login! In cases where the complainant remains adverse in interest, seeking consent bail variations can be significantly more challenging.

In most cases, the Crown will seek input from the for assignment, complainant prior to considering whether to consent to Buy untraceable essays, a variation. For Assignment Report! While the complainant’s input is not determinative, it is help, often persuasive. In cases where there are concurrent family law proceedings, criminal law counsel should engage with family law counsel to assist in addressing bail variations. When the report, related family law proceedings address issues relating to child custody and access, bail variations may need to be sought to maintain consistency between Court orders. Help With Writing! In most cases, Crowns are willing to vary bail conditions to permit concurrence with and/or delegation to family court orders and agreements. Counsel should obtain copies of for assignment, file material from help family counsel and should co-ordinate efforts to avoid conflicts and/or uncertainty. Similarly, criminal counsel should provide a copy of the bail recognizance to the family lawyer and provide updates on any variations. 4.7.3 Bail Variations versus Bail Reviews. The terms of a bail order do not have to remain fixed throughout the course of the criminal proceedings.

However, once bail is granted (or denied), no other judge or justice of the peace at the provincial court level can review that decision or the conditions of bail imposed by the original judge or justice. A provincial court judge or justice can only modify an existing bail condition with the agreement of the Crown prosecutor. Otherwise, an accused person must bring a formal application to review the report, bail conditions before a judge in the Superior Court of Justice. As described above, the Writing a good expository help, Crown may agree to vary the conditions of bail to allow for more contact between the accused and complainant in order to for assignment report, facilitate in counseling. Physics Homework Help Books! Crown counsel may agree to other variations to for assignment report, curfew or house arrest provisions to allow for attendance at C assignment help, school or work. Obtaining a “consent bail variation” is the least expensive and most efficient way to modify the terms of release. Help For Assignment Report! Where the Crown does not agree to change the bail conditions, the only available remedy to Help with writing kill a mockingbird, an accused is to Help, bring a bail review application before a Superior Court judge. A Good Expository Essay Need! In order to be successful at the bail review, an accused person must satisfy the Superior Court that the judge or justice who imposed the original bail conditions made either an error of Help for assignment report, law or that there has been a material change in the accused person’s circumstances to warrant the change of bail conditions. Applying for a bail review requires the filing of materials at the Superior Court including a copy of the transcript of the original bail hearing.

Also required as part of the C assignment help, bail review application are affidavits (sworn statements) from both the Help, accused person and any proposed sureties (in Ontario see Rule 20 of the Superior Court of Help with writing a mockingbird, Justice Criminal Proceedings Rules ). The time and expense required to prepare these materials means that it can take several weeks before a bail review can be heard and may cost the Help for assignment, accused thousands of dollars. Buy Untraceable! [4] A surety is someone who makes an agreement with the court to take responsibility for a person accused of a crime. The surety is responsible for for assignment report, making sure the accused person comes to court on time and on the right dates and for ensuring that the accused person obeys each condition of the bail order, also known as a recognizance. Sureties must sign the recognizance and agree to pay a specified amount of money if the accused person fails to obey the court order. [5] Pursuant to s. Assignment! 12 of the Family Law Act of Ontario, if the court considers it necessary for the protection of the report, other spouse's interests under this Part, the Writing a good expository, court may make an interim or final order,(a) restraining the depletion of Help, a spouse's property; and (b) for the possession, delivering up, safekeeping and preservation of the property. [6] These guidelines discussed in this section are adapted from an earlier paper by Joseph Di Luca, Bail Variations and Violations in the Domestic Context The Defence Perspective , presented at the 2007 Ontario Bar Association Conference on Crime in the Family: Navigating the Intersection between Criminal and Family Law.

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Meta Ethics, Normative Ethics, Applied Ethics. Running head: META ETHICS, NORMATIVE ETHICS, APPLIED ETHICS. Running head: Meta ethics, normative ethics, applied ethics. Meta ethics talks about the for assignment report, nature of ethics and moral reasoning. Discussions about. whether ethics is relative and whether we always act from self-interest are examples of meta- ethical discussions. In fact, drawing the Help assignment writing, conceptual distinction between Meta ethics, Normative. Ethics, and Applied Ethics is itself a meta ethical analysis. Normative ethics is Help for assignment interested in Buy untraceable determining the content of our moral behavior. Normative. ethical theories seek to provide action-guides; procedures for answering the Practical Question.

(What ought I to do?). The moral theories of for assignment report Kant and Bentham are examples of normative. theories that seek to provide guidelines for determining a specific course of moral action. Think. of the Categorical Imperative in the case of the former and the Principle of Utility in the case of. Applied Ethics attempts to kill, deal with specific realms of human action and to craft criteria for. discussing issues that might arise within those realms. Help! The contemporary field of Applied Ethics. arouse in Physics homework books the late 1960s and Help early 1970s. Today, it is a thriving part of the field of ethics. Numerous books and web-sites are devoted to topics such as Business Ethics, Computer Ethics, and Engineering Ethics.

This section will explore various concepts and problems concerned with. meta- and normative ethical theories. The analysis of normative ethical theories will utilize. Beauchamp and Childress's approach to this topic. Meta ethics, Normative Ethics, and Applied Ethics is itself a meta ethical. . Ethics Paper Ethics Paper Financial Management is one important part of health care financial planning. Many financial decisions are made on a day to day basis from books, all the accounting records and all the business transactions which occur. Some are the decisions made according to Help report, the organizations fiscal objectives although some are made on generally accepted accounting principles). So the question I would ask is this “How good is the Online tudors, financial management of our health care organizations and do they hold a good financial reporting records”? GAAP The generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) are considered as the framework of guidelines for the financial accounting and jurisdiction of all accounting standards.

With these accounting standards the GAAP includes such things like standards, conventions and the rules the organization accountant follows when during a copy and summarizing all the transactions when doing the work on Help for assignment report, preparing the financial statements. All third parties that are involved with the reports must then rely on the information to be free from all bias and inconsistency without debate or not so GAAP standards are followed. C Assignment Login! All business states that, “generally accepted accounting principles are guidelines precisely, are a group objectives and conventions that have been. Words: 859 - Pages: 4. . The New Work Ethic BUS 309: Business Ethics The New Work Ethic It is becoming harder to find good work ethics in this day and Help for assignment report time. A lot of employees view their job as one the worst jobs to be in. Buy Untraceable Essays! In the article that Sheehy wrote, “A new work ethic”, he describes his employees as having a carefree attitude. Report! He writes about how many employees just want to go to their place of work, but actually do no work. Buy Untraceable Essays! Employers have said that it is becoming such a big issue in finding reliable employees with a drive and willingness to actually perform their job duties. Companies are trying to reintegrate that they need greatly devoted and dedicated people that love the job that they are doing and are willing to Help for assignment report, help with the continuing growth and profit of making the Buy untraceable, business a success. Sheehy talks about his employees having a do what you want and Help report get away with what you can kind of attitude (Shaw, 2010). Homework Help! Sometime you could even see them slow down the Help for assignment, pace of their tasks or even put it on C assignment help, hold so that someone other than them would have to finish the job at hand.

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There is a general belief that ethics is concerned only with financial propriety. Help For Assignment! Whilst this aspect certainly involves ethics, ethical management is all encompassing concerning each and every facet of your professional and personal life. There is a story, probably apocryphal, which illustrates this. There was a cyclonic storm and millions of Online for homework tudors fish were washed ashore and were struggling for life on the beach. For Assignment! A man came to the beach and patiently began to Get your assignment done, pick up the Help report, fish, one by one, and throw them back into the sea. An amused passerby asked him what. Words: 3597 - Pages: 15.

. |Assignment Cover Sheet for Online help tudors, Students | |An assignment cover sheet needs to be included with each assignment. Please complete all detail clearly. For Assignment Report! | | | | |Name |Garry Jonathan | | | |Student ID |29112169 |Mobile phone |081806527970 | | | | | | | |Course code and title |MM5001 | Business Ethics Law | | | |Course time and help login place |Sunday, 2 September 2012 | Jakarta |Program |MBA Jakarta | | | |Lecturer |Karl Knapp. Words: 3096 - Pages: 13. . Consequentialists’ theory: Many philosophers believe that the rightness and for assignment the wrongness of any action are determined from its consequences and people who hold this view is known as consequentialist. Consequentialism is general approach to ethical dilemmas which inquire about the consequences to homework, relevant people of Help for assignment report making a particular decision. So basically consequentialism word itself suggests that it is an ethical approach which “depends on the consequences”. This view is also sometimes referred to as teleology (from the Greek word telos which means goal). Ethics is a branch of Philosophy that examines ethical concepts and issues. It inquiries into such things as goodness, right action, and moral responsibility. It answers the question, “What do I do? It is the study of help right and wrong in human endeavours.

At a more fundamental level, it is the method by which we categorize our values and pursue them. Do we pursue our own happiness, or do we sacrifice ourselves to a greater cause? A proper foundation of Help ethics requires a standard of value to which all goals and actions can be compared to. Books! Consequentialism, as its name suggests, is the view that normative properties depend only on consequences. This general approach can be applied at different levels to report, different normative properties of different kinds of Help with assignment writing a mockingbird things, but the most prominent example is consequentialism about the moral rightness of acts, which holds that whether an act is morally right depends only on the. Words: 1370 - Pages: 6. . McDonalds Ethic What is Ethics in business? The term Ethics in business refers to the morals, values, and beliefs that a company believes is the Help, right way to Buy untraceable, doing business. This involves the way they handle customers and Help report the quality of product that is being offered.

The first function of management is planning which lays the foundation for the remaining functions. Now what McDonald’s plan to do is a good expository essay need help be as healthy as possible. Help Report! This new idea is their attempt to make a list items on their menu with low calories. The idea is to wage a war against Buy untraceable essays, overweight people while offering good food at low price. Organizing this plan is about the setup and how they are going to delegate the task of implement these new foods. Shipping to all the stores and surveying people to get ideas on what to put on their menu needs to be setup. Directing the Help, subordinates and influencing their ideas on this war against obesity is the next step in McDonalds plan. The idea here is to get more and more people on Writing essay need help, board with the healthier side on for assignment report, McDonalds in order to Online help for homework tudors, produce hirer profits.

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. 1.0 Introduction Leadership can be defined as the process in which leaders influence their followers to achieve predefined organisational goals (Yukl, 2010). A leader is a person who the subordinates look up to for advices, guidance and also to make decisions which will benefit not only the Help for assignment report, ones directly involved, but everybody else as well. A leader is an important figure in an organisation because the Writing a good need, way the subordinates perform will be the reflection of for assignment their leader’s calibre. Therefore, to Help with kill, ensure employees and other staff members to behave and comply with business ethics, the leader must set a good example to them by being ethical. Help Report! This can also be known as ethical leadership. Help With Assignment A Mockingbird! Brown, Trevino Harrison (2005) has defined ethical leadership as it being the Help, demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct, shown through personal actions and interpersonal relationships and also the C assignment, promotion of those conduct to the followers via a two-way communication, reinforcement and decision making. With that definition, it can be said that leaders play a very important role in ensuring that their subordinates behave and act ethically because they are their role model and whatever they do or say are being watched by their subordinates, whether they are aware of it or not. For Assignment! Subordinates, employees, they all watch how their leader acts and react both consciously and unconsciously (Huhtala, Kangas, Lamsa Feldt, 2011), thus picking up habits and also making their leaders’ actions. Words: 5500 - Pages: 22. . Media Ethics -Ethics, in Greek word Ethos, mean moral value and quality. -Conrad C. Essays! Fink defined “ethics is a system principles, morality or code of conduct. It is the Help, values and rules of Buy untraceable life recognized by an individual, group or culture seeking guidelines to human conduct and what is good or bad and right or wrong.” -set of Help for assignment principle of kill a mockingbird right conduct or code of moral conduct for people to behave -reflects society’s views of for assignment report what is right or wrong 3 branch of ethics -meta-ethics ( study of assignment deal origin of ethical concepts) -normative ethics (concerned with developing general theories, rules or principles of moral conduct to distinguish right from wrong) -applied ethics (problem solving: use insight gained from meta-ethic, general principles and rules from normative ethics to apply ethical issue, or situation) Good Samaritan-Yes -origin from Whistle Blower -a generous people who is ready and willing to help people in distress without hesitation -Example: a good Samaritan pulls a person out of a burning car after an accident -religion taught us to help people No-good Samaritan (why people never help?-Genovese Syndrome) -bystander effect, large bystander increase the likelihood that people will step forward to help a victim, expect others to help the victim -diffusion of Help for assignment responsibility, social phenomenon occurs in groups where responsibility is not clearly assigned, thus rely on other. (Less than 3 people, everyone will take action; more than 10 people, no.

Words: 2167 - Pages: 9. . ETHICS IN BUSINESS AND GOVERNMENT CASES (Various sources) ETHICS IN BUSINESS AND GOVERNMENT - CASES – In this course we will discuss and analyze selected cases from among the following sets: 1. Homework! 20 short cases - to be resolved individually (ethical challenges of managers) 2. Help Report! 15 longer cases –more involved, to help books, be resolved in group discussion (ethical challenges of employers, managers and organizations) A. SHORT CASES 1. You’re the plant manager in one of ABC Company’s five plants. You’ve worked for for assignment report, the company for 15 years, working your way up from the homework books, factory floor, after the company sent you to college. Your boss just told you, in complete confidence, that the company will have to lay off 200 workers. Luckily, your job won’t be affected. But a rumour is now circulating in the plant and Help for assignment one of your workers (an old friend who now works for you) asks the question, “Well Pat, what’s the homework books, word?

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Her attitude is so bad, that people around your company ask specifically to deal with. Words: 9916 - Pages: 40. . 1. Identify the nuggets from the two-day sessions of Business Ethics class and explain how would you apply those nuggets in your work place. ANSWER: Nuggets from the Get your, lecture Ethics defined as the study of right or wrong and as broadly as the general inquiry into what is good. Help For Assignment Report! Ethics examines the right or wrong within the context of moral duty. Business ethics is a form of applied ethic in business activity that examines ethical principle and moral or ethical problem that may occurred on business environment.

It is applies to all business activity either to Online, the conduct of report individual or entire organization. Some business may have same issue related to the business ethic such as problem of books product quality, transparency of the for assignment, financial statement, environmental issues, human right, workplace quality and safety issue etc. In business a company shall create a regulation and code that will regulate the daily life and how business should perform in ethical way. Those we call it Code of Business ethic and Conduct. Code of business ethic and conduct for with writing a mockingbird, the company is very important to set up and regulate the life of company. It’s collection of for assignment principle in term how they believe and aims to live by. It is also reflected the corporate culture and its vision and mission of the company. How the code of assignment writing kill a mockingbird conduct applied in for assignment Chevron which they call it “The Chevron Way”. Deal! The Chevron code of conduct built in line with their company’s vision and mission.

Integrity is one of. Words: 1419 - Pages: 6. . Ethics: Moral principles and values applied to social behavior. Help For Assignment! A reasoned set of principles of conduct. Usually has a religious underpinning, which is logical. Business Ethics: Moral principles and values applied to situations arising in a business setting. Assignment Done! In other words, the fairness, rightness, or wrongness, if you will, of an action. If you have ever seen the movie “Wall Street” with Michael Douglass, you probably recall his character Gordon Gekko, who basically espoused that “Greed is Good.” You might question his approach to ethics. Help Report! Than again, maybe you wouldn’t! Unfortunately, companies have conflicting duties: to make a profit, to work efficiently, and still stay within the law or suffer dramatic consequences.

As you might imagine, it is a good need sometimes like putting a square peg into a round circle. For example, a company can make a higher profit if it uses overseas labor or raw materials, but what about the legality and ethics of such a decision? It would seem in recent years there has been an emphasis on the bottom line, rightly or wrongly. For Assignment Report! Legal versus Ethical Questions generally asked by companies: Is the proposed action: profitable? If so, is it: Legal? Ethical? Notice the ordering. Legal Behavior: many actions are clearly legal or illegal, but many items also fall into Online help, a.

Words: 1082 - Pages: 5. . Report! Personal Ethical Statement T. Buy Untraceable! Thorn GEN 200 August 21, 2013 Holliday Personal Ethical Statement This essay will illustrate my personal ethical statement. Help For Assignment! It will describe what I learned from the ethical lens inventory activity. How personal ethics is define in my life. How I would react to a situation with my personal ethics. The ethical lens inventory identified my preferred lens to be the rights and responsibility and relationship. This lens is the one that uses rational thinking, independence by following the Physics homework books, rules and the same treatment no favoritism. My blind spot in Help report this lens is I have a habit of trying to fix and control everything even when it is unnecessary.

My strengths are that I believe that everyone should be treated fairly, able to problem solve for fairness and loyal. My weaknesses are I can be a judgmental, over ambitious, guilty if I can’t fix the situation and bossy. Help Login! My values and behavior tend to conflict causing a personal confusion. For Assignment Report! (Ethic Game, 2013) I researched the definition of personal ethic is basic principles and values govern interactions among individuals. C Assignment Help! (Business Dictionary, 2013) My definition of Help for assignment personal ethics is my value and beliefs that help me decide my actions in moral situations. When particular situations occur I have the ability to make sound and fair decisions. If I feel that my point is correct that I will fight for Help with assignment kill a mockingbird, my opinion or to get my point across. Help For Assignment! My overall definition is to give everyone a chance, consider. Words: 348 - Pages: 2. . ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN CYBER ETHICS INTRODUCTION According to Barquin (1992), cyber ethic guidelines consist of Ten Commandments which are: (1) Thou shall not use a computer to harm others, (2) Thou shall not interfere with others computer work (3) Thou shall not snoop around in C assignment help login others computers files, (4) Thou shall not use computer to steal, (5) Thou shall not to bare fall witness, (6) Thou shall not copy or use proprietary software you have not paid for, (7) Thou shall not use others computers resources without authorization or proper compensation, (8) Thou shall not appropriate other people’s intellectual property, (9) Thou shall think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you are designing (10) Thou shall use a computer in Help ways that ensure consideration and respect for your fellow humans.

These commandments or rules need to be obeyed by everyone who utilizes the cyber space facility in order to maintain the tranquility of cyber world. However, not everyone concern about these rules as we seen nowadays. In order to prevent plague from spreading and become worse in homework books future, we have to identified the root cause of the problem and define how to solve it. The first commandment explained that it is not ethical to harm another user by using computer and it is not limited to physical injuries but also harming or damaging other user data or files. It is unethical to create a programmed that deliberately allows someone to Help report, steal. Words: 3045 - Pages: 13. . Austin Gray Business Ethics BUS 390 April 05, 2016 Lived Code of Ethics For the past three months, I was involved in organizing an event called the China Form. This conference is designed to Online for homework, connect Brigham Young University students with international corporate leaders. In addition, our keynote speakers provided necessary training and Help for assignment workshops to help those who are interested in doing business in China.

As a part of the Physics help, leadership committee, I have many opportunities to apply my personal ethical codes. A part of my roles involved reporting all expenses to the Department of Education, and in return, they would provide the fund. We received 10,000 dollars and ended up spending only 8000 dollars. For Assignment Report! We were strictly told to a good expository need help, return all the Help, remaining budget to the Department. At the end of the China Form, several members proposed the idea to use a portion of the leftover budget to Get your deal, celebrate.

Facing this ethical dilemma, I explained to our group that it would be unethical to use the budget for personal enjoyment. I believe it was the right thing to do. By following My code of ethic, I was able to develop better organizational, communication skills as I gave complete effort in doing my tasks. When I was tempted to procrastinate or unload work to other teammates, I was reminded of the importance of hardworking and for assignment report accountability. On one occasion, our meeting got heated, and committee members started blaming each other for not doing their parts.

As a way to demonstrate my.

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43 Resume Tips That Will Help You Get Hired. For Assignment! When you haven’t updated your resume in a while, it can be hard to know where to start. What experiences and with a mockingbird, accomplishments should you include for for assignment, the jobs you’ve got your eye on? What new resume rules and trends should you be following? And seriously, one page or two? Well, search no more: We’ve compiled all the resume advice you need into homework one place.

Read on for tips and tricks that’ll make sure you craft a winning resume—and help you land a job. Your resume should not have every work experience you’ve ever had listed on it. Think of your resume not as a comprehensive list of Help, your career history, but as a marketing document selling you as the Physics help books, perfect person for the job. For each resume you send out, you’ll want to highlight only the for assignment report, accomplishments and skills that are most relevant to the job at hand (even if that means you don’t include all of your experience). Job search expert Lily Zhang explains more about Writing a good need help what it means to tailor your resume here . 2. But Keep a Master List of All Jobs.

Since you’ll want to for assignment report, be swapping different information in and out depending on the job you’re applying to, keep a resume master list on your computer where you keep any information you’ve ever included on a resume: old positions, bullet points tailored for done deal, different applications, special projects that only sometimes make sense to include. Then, when you’re crafting each resume, it’s just a matter of cutting and pasting relevant information together. Think of this as your brag file . 3. Put the for assignment report, Best Stuff “Above the Fold” In marketing speak, “above the fold” refers to what you see on the front half of Help writing kill, a folded newspaper (or, in the digital age, before you scroll down on a website), but basically it’s your first impression of Help for assignment report, a document. In resume speak, it means you should make sure your best experiences and accomplishments are visible on the top third of with assignment kill, your resume. This top section is what the hiring manager is going to see first—and what will serve as a hook for someone to keep on reading. So focus on putting your best, most relevant experiences first—and then check out these five other marketing tricks to get your resume noticed . According to Help report, Zhang , the only occasion when an objective section makes sense is when you’re making a huge career change and need to Help with assignment kill a mockingbird, explain from the get-go why your experience doesn’t match up with the Help, position you’re applying to. In every other case? Consider whether a summary statement would be right for you —or just nix it altogether to save space and focus on deal, making the rest of your resume stellar. There are lots of Help report, different ways to organize the information on your resume, but the good old reverse chronological (where your most recent experience is listed first) is Online, still your best bet. Unless it’s absolutely necessary in your situation, skip the skills-based resume—hiring managers might wonder what you’re hiding. The two- (or more!) page resume is Help, a hotly debated topic , but the bottom line is this—you want the information here to be concise, and making yourself keep it to one page is a good way to force yourself to do this.

If you truly have enough relevant and important experience, training, and credentials to Buy untraceable, showcase on Help for assignment report, more than one page of your resume, then go for it. But if you can tell the same story in less space? Do. If you’re struggling, check out these tips for cutting your content down , or work with a designer to see how you can organize your resume to fit more in less space. Physics Homework Help! Can’t figure out how to for assignment, tell your whole story on Physics help books, one page, or want to be able to include some visual examples of your work? Instead of trying to for assignment report, have your resume cover everything, cover the most important details on that document, and then include a link to your personal website , where you can dive more into what makes you the ideal candidate. We’ll talk about homework books getting creative in Help report, order to for homework tudors, stand out in a minute. But the most basic principle of good resume formatting and design? Keep it simple. Use a basic but modern font, like Helvetica, Arial, or Century Gothic. Make your resume easy on hiring managers’ eyes by using a font size between 10 and 12 and leaving a healthy amount of white space on the page.

You can use a different font or typeface for for assignment, your name, your resume headers, and the companies for which you’ve worked, but keep it simple and keep it consistent. Your main focus here should be on readability for Physics, the hiring manager. That being said, you should feel free to… Really want your resume stand out from the sea of Times New Roman? Yes, creative resumes—like infographics, videos, or presentations—or resumes with icons or graphics can set you apart, but you should use them thoughtfully. Help For Assignment! If you’re applying through an ATS, keep to done deal, the standard formatting without any bells and Help for assignment report, whistles so the computer can read it effectively. If you’re applying to a more traditional company, don’t get too crazy, but feel free to add some tasteful design elements or a little color to Buy untraceable, make it pop. Help Report! No matter what, don’t do it unless you’re willing to put in the time, creativity, and design work to make it awesome. 10. Make Your Contact Info Prominent.

You don’t need to Online help for homework, include your address on your resume anymore (really!), but you do need to Help for assignment, make sure to books, include a phone number and professional email address (not your work address!) as well as other places the hiring manager can find you on the web, like your LinkedIn profile and Twitter handle. (Implicit in report, this is that you keep these social media profiles suitable for prospective employers.) You’ve heard before that hiring managers don’t spend a lot of Get your, time on each individual resume. So help them get as much information as possible, in as little time as possible. These 12 small formatting changes will make a huge difference. Know that design skills aren’t your strong suit but want your resume to look stunning? There’s no shame in getting help, so consider working with a professional resume designer. This is Help for assignment, arguably the most important document of Help a mockingbird, your job search, so it’s worth getting it exactly right! 13.

Keep it Recent, Keep it Relevant. As a rule, you should only show the most recent 10-15 years of your career history and Help report, only include the experience relevant to the positions to which you are applying. And remember to allocate real estate on your resume according to importance. If there’s a choice between including one more college internship or going into more detail about your current role, always choose the latter (unless a previous job was more relevant to the one you’re applying to). 14. No Relevant Experience?

No Worries! Don’t panic if you don’t have any experience that fits the bill. Instead, Zhang explains , focus your resume on expository help, your relevant and transferrable skills along with any related side or academic projects, and then make sure to pair it with a strong cover letter telling the narrative of why you’re ideal for the job. No matter how long you’ve been in a job, or how much you’ve accomplished there, you shouldn’t have more than five or six bullets in Help for assignment, a given section. Online! No matter how good your bullets are, the recruiter just isn’t going to get through them. Check out these tips for report, writing impressive bullet points . Help For Homework Tudors! You may be tempted to throw in tons of industry jargon so you sound like you know what you’re talking about, but ultimately you want your resume to be understandable to the average person. Remember that the first person who sees your resume might be a recruiter, an report, assistant, or even a high-level executive—and you want to be sure that it is readable, relevant, and interesting to C assignment login, all of them. Use as many facts, figures, and Help for assignment report, numbers as you can in your bullet points. How many people were impacted by your work? By what percentage did you exceed your goals?

By quantifying your accomplishments, you really allow the hiring manager to picture the level of work or responsibility you needed to help, achieve them. Even if you don’t actually work with numbers, here are some secrets to adding more to your resume . People hire performers, so you want to show that you didn’t just do stuff, but that you got stuff done! As you look at for assignment report your bullet points, think about how you can take each statement one step further and add in what the benefit was to your boss or your company. By doing this, you clearly communicate not only what you’re capable of, but also the direct benefit the employer will receive by hiring you. If you’re not sure how to explain your impact, check out these tips for turning your duties into accomplishments . Describing soft skills on a resume often starts to sound like a list of meaningless buzzwords, fast. But being a “strong leader” or an “effective communicator” are important characteristics you want to get across. Get Your Assignment! Think about how you can demonstrate these attributes in your bullet points without actually saying them. Zhang demonstrates here how you can show five different qualities with the for assignment, same bullet point—try it yourself until you get the Buy untraceable essays, result you’re going for! 20. Don’t Neglect Non-Traditional Work.

There’s no law that says you can only put full-time or paid work on your resume. For Assignment Report! So, if you’ve participated in a major volunteer role, worked part-time, were hired as a temporary or contract worker , freelanced, or blogged? Absolutely list these things as their own “jobs” within your career chronology. If every bullet in your resume starts with “Responsible for,” readers will get bored very quickly. Buy Untraceable Essays! Use our handy list of better verbs to mix it up ! Use keywords in your resume: Scan the job description, see what words are used most often, and make sure you’ve included them in your bullet points. Not only is this a self-check that you’re targeting your resume to the job, it’ll make sure you get noticed in for assignment report, applicant tracking systems. With! Stuck on which words to include? Dump the for assignment, job description into a tool like TagCrowd , which will analyze and spit out the most used keywords. What words shouldn’t you include?

Detail-oriented, team player, and Online help for homework tudors, hard worker—among other vague terms that recruiters say are chronically overused . We bet there’s a better way to describe how awesome you are. 24. Experience First, Education Second. Unless you’re a recent graduate, put your education after your experience. Chances are, your last couple of jobs are more important and Help for assignment report, relevant to Help assignment, you getting the job than where you went to college. 25. Help For Assignment! Also Keep it Reverse Chronological. Usually, you should lay down your educational background by listing the most recent or advanced degree first, working in Online for homework, reverse chronological order. But if older coursework is more specific to the job, list that first to grab the report, reviewer’s attention. Physics Books! Don’t list your graduation dates.

The reviewer cares more about whether or not you have the degree than when you earned it. If you graduated from Help for assignment, college with high honors, absolutely make note of it. Homework Help Books! While you don’t need to Help for assignment, list your GPA, don’t be afraid to showcase that summa cum laude status or the expository help, fact that you were in the honors college at your university. 28. Include Continuing or Online Education. Don’t be afraid to include continuing education, professional development coursework, or online courses in your education section, especially if it feels a little light. Kelli Orrela explains , “Online courses are a more-than-accepted norm nowadays, and your participation in report, them can actually show your determination and motivation to get the C assignment, skills you need for your career.” Be sure to add a section that lists out all the relevant skills you have for a position, including tech skills like HTML and Adobe Creative Suite and any industry-related certifications. Just make sure to skip including skills that everyone is expected to have, like using email or Microsoft Word. For Assignment! Doing so will actually make you seem less technologically savvy. If you have lots of skills related to a position—say, foreign language, software, and leadership skills—try breaking out one of those sections and listing it on its own. Essay Help! Below your “Skills” section, add another section titled “Language Skills” or “Software Skills,” and detail your experience there.

Again—we’re going for skimmability here, folks! Feel free to include an “Interests” section on your resume, but only add those that are relevant to the job. Are you a guitar player with your eye on a music company? Definitely include it. But including your scrapbooking hobby for a tech job at a healthcare company? Don’t even think about for assignment report it.

32. Beware of Interests That Could Be Controversial. Maybe you help raise money for your church on the reg. Or perhaps you have a penchant for canvassing during political campaigns. Yes, these experiences show a good amount of work ethic—but they could also be discriminated against by someone who disagrees with the cause.

Zhang explains here how to weigh the decision of Physics help, whether to include them or not. Do include awards and accolades you’ve received, even if they’re company-specific awards. Just state what you earned them for, e.g., “Earned Gold Award for having the Help report, company’s top sales record four quarters in C assignment login, a row.” What about Help for assignment report personal achievements—like running a marathon—that aren’t totally relevant but show you’re a driven, hard worker? Zhang shares the proper ways to C assignment help, include them. Gaps and Help for assignment report, Other Sticky Resume Situations.

If you stayed at a (non-temporary) job for only a matter of Online help for homework, months, consider eliminating it from your resume. According to for assignment report, The New York Times ’ career coach , leaving a particularly short-lived job or two off your work history shouldn’t hurt, as long as you’re honest about your experience if asked in done, an interview. Report! If you have gaps of a few months in your work history, don’t list the usual start and end dates for each position. Use years only (2010-2012), or just the books, number of Help for assignment, years or months you worked at your earlier positions. If you’ve job-hopped frequently, include a reason for Buy untraceable essays, leaving next to each position, with a succinct explanation like “company closed,” “layoff due to downsizing,” or “relocated to Help, new city.” By addressing the gaps, you’ll proactively illustrate the reason for your sporadic job movement and make it less of an issue. Re-entering the workforce after a long hiatus? This is the perfect opportunity for a summary statement at the top, outlining your best skills and accomplishments. Then, get into C assignment help your career chronology, without hesitating to include part-time or volunteer work. See more tips from Jenny Foss for killing it on your comeback resume.

Don’t try to creatively fill in gaps on your resume. For example, if you took time out Help for assignment, of the workforce to raise kids, don’t list your parenting experience on Online for homework, your resume, a la “adeptly managed the growing pile of laundry” (we’ve seen it). While parenting is report, as demanding and a good need, intense a job as any out there, most corporate decision makers aren’t going to take this section of Help report, your resume seriously. 39. Ditch “References Available Upon Request” If a hiring manager is interested in you, he or she will ask you for references—and will assume that you have them. There’s no need to address the obvious (and doing so might even make you look a little presumptuous!). It should go without saying, but make sure your resume is free and clear of typos. And don’t rely on Online help for homework tudors, spell check and grammar check alone—ask family or friends to for assignment, take a look at login it for you (or get some tips from an report, editor on how to perfect your own work ). If emailing your resume, make sure to always send a PDF rather than a .doc.

That way all of your careful formatting won’t accidentally get messed up when the Online help tudors, hiring manager opens it on his or her computer. Help For Assignment Report! To make sure it won’t look wonky when you send it off, Google’s head of Physics homework help books, HR Laszlo Bock suggests, “Look at it in Help report, both Google Docs and Word, and then attach it to an email and open it as a preview.” Ready to save your resume and send it off? Save it as “Jane Smith Resume” instead of “Resume.” It’s one less step the hiring manager has to take. Carve out some time every quarter or so to pull up your resume and make some updates. Online Help! Have you taken on report, new responsibilities? Learned new skills? Add them in. When your resume is updated on Help assignment kill, a regular basis, you’re ready to Help report, pounce when opportunity presents itself. Help Kill A Mockingbird! And, even if you’re not job searching, there are plenty of good reasons to keep this document in tip-top shape. Photo courtesy of Hero Images / Getty Images . Erin Greenawald is for assignment, a freelance writer, editor, and content strategist who is passionate about elevating the standard of writing on the web. Erin previously helped build The Muse’s beloved daily publication and led the company’s branded content team.

If you’re an individual or company looking for help making your content better—or you just want to go out to tea—get in touch at eringreenawald.com. Physics Homework Help Books! Hmmm, seems you#39;ve already signed up for this class. While you#39;re here, you may as well check out all the amazing companies that are hiring like crazy right now.

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Should Children with an Autistic Spectrum Disorder be Exempted From Doing Homework? by Tony Attwood, April 2000. A major cause of anguish for children with an Autistic Spectrum Disorder, their families and teachers is the satisfactory completion of homework. Why should this group of children have such an emotional reaction to the mere thought of having to for assignment report start their homework and such difficulty completing assigned tasks? There may be two explanations. The first is based on their degree of stress and mental exhaustion during their day at school and kill the second is due to their profile of Help cognitive skills. As with their classroom peers, a child with an Autistic Spectrum Disorder has to learn the traditional educational curriculum but they encounter additional learning experiences and sources of stress than do other children in their class. They have an additional curriculum, namely the social curriculum. They have to use their intellectual reasoning to determine the social rules of the classroom and Writing help the playground. Other children do not have to Help consciously learn social integration skills but these children have to decipher the social cues and codes and cognitively determine what to do and say in social situations.

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There is also the likelihood of an unusual profile on standardised tests of intelligence especially with regard to verbal and visual (or Performance Scale) intelligence. Some children are verbalisers and have a relative strength in reading, vocabulary and verbal concepts while others are visualisers and ‘a picture is worth a thousand words’. The child’s cognitive and learning profile is usually recognised by school authorities and special provision made for for assignment report the child in terms of an assistant in the classroom to facilitate their academic progress. The teacher knows how to adapt the curriculum for a child with an Autistic Spectrum Disorder but this knowledge and service are not usually available at C assignment home. The following range of for assignment strategies are designed to minimise the impaired Executive Function, accommodate their profile of Buy untraceable cognitive skills and help the child complete their homework assignments with less stress for Help for assignment report the child and family. The area where the child works must be conducive to concentration and learning. A useful model is the child’s classroom with appropriate seating, lighting and removal of any distractions. The distractions can be visual such as the presence of toys or television, which are a constant reminder of what the Online for homework tudors, child would rather be doing or auditory distraction such as the noise from electrical appliances and the chatter of siblings. Ensure the working surface only has equipment relevant to the task.

Their working environment must also be safe from curious brothers and sisters. A daily homework timetable can be made by a parent with guidance from the teacher to define the expected duration and for assignment content of each homework activity or assignment. Homework! This can be extremely helpful if there are problems with the child’s allocation of time to each homework component. Sometimes the homework can take hours when the teacher intended only several minutes on a specified task. A timer can be used to remind the child how much time is remaining to complete each section of homework. Report! It is also important to ensure that time scheduled for homework does not coincide with the child’s favourite television program. If it does, they may have priority use of the homework help books, video recorder and can watch the program after their homework. If regular breaks are necessary to promote concentration, the work can be divided into segments to indicate how much work the child has to complete before they can take a momentary break.

The usual mistake is to expect too much prolonged concentration. Teacher’s preparation of the homework. The teacher can highlight key aspects of the homework sheet, written material and questions so that the child knows which aspects are relevant to Help their preparation of the assignment. They can ask the child to formulate their plan before commencing the assignment to C assignment login ensure their work is coherent and for assignment report logical, especially if the homework is an C assignment help login essay. If the report, assignment takes several days to complete, it is help important that the teacher regularly reviews the child’s rough drafts and Help for assignment report progress, which also increases the likelihood that it will be completed on time. If the child has difficulty remembering exactly what was set for C assignment help homework and remembering relevant information during homework, a characteristic of impaired executive function, a solution is to buy an executive toy. A small cassette recorder used for for assignment dictation can provide a record of the teacher’s spoken instructions and the child can add his or her own comments or personal memo to the recording to remind them of key information. The child and help their parent will then know exactly what was said and what is relevant to the task. Another strategy is to have the telephone number of another child in the class to for assignment ask them for the relevant information. A homework diary and planner can help the child remember which books to take home and the specific homework for each evening. An executive diary or ‘filofax’ from a stationary store may make this strategy more appealing to the child.

The techniques are explained as being appropriate for adult executives rather than for children with learning problems. The child may have difficulty getting started or knowing what to do first. Physics Books! Procrastination can be an issue and a parent may have to supervise the start of the homework. Help! Once the child has started, this is not the end of the supervision. A parent will also need to writing a mockingbird be available if the Help report, child requires assistance when they are confused and to ensure that they have chosen the Buy untraceable, appropriate strategy. There can be a tendency for such children to have a closed mind to alternative strategies and a determination to pursue an approach when other children would have recognised the signs that it would be wise to consider another approach. A technique to show that there is more than one line of thought is to provide the Help for assignment report, child with a list of help alternative strategies to solve the particular problem. The child may need to know there is Help for assignment a plan ‘B’.

Parents and teachers soon become aware of the degree of supervision required which can be a major problem for a parent with other family commitments when the child is doing their homework. Supervision is also necessary to help the child prioritise, plan, assist with word retrieval problems and maintain motivation. Motivation can be enhanced by specific rewards for concentration and effort. Children with an Autistic Spectrum Disorder are notorious for their difficulty coping with frustration and essays criticism, and their inability to report manage their emotions. They can become quite agitated when confused or having made a mistake. An adult will need to be available to help the child remain calm and logical. The adult will also need to model calmness, which can be difficult when both child and adult are confused as to what to do. It can end in tears for both parties. Special consideration should be given to the child’s cognitive strengths and with kill a mockingbird weaknesses.

If the child’s relative strength is in visual reasoning, then flow diagrams, mind maps and demonstrations will enhance their understanding. If their strength is in verbal skills then written instructions and discussion using metaphors (especially metaphors associated with their special interest) will help. Additional strategies include the use of a computer and keyboard, especially for those children who have problems with handwriting. Sometimes a parent acts as an ‘executive’ secretary and types the material for the child and proof reads their answers. Homework may be a collaborative rather than solitary activity. The parent is not being over protective or neurotic, they just know that without their involvement, the work would not be done. Children with an Autistic Spectrum Disorder often enjoy having access to a computer and Help report may be more able to understand material if it is presented on a computer screen. Material presented by a person adds a social and linguistic dimension to done the situation, which can increase the child’s confusion.

Teachers should consider adapting the homework so that a considerable proportion of the work is Help for assignment report conducted using a computer. Word processing facilities, especially graphics and grammar and spell check programs are invaluable in improving the legibility and quality of the finished product. If the parent is unable to help the child solve a particular problem, a solution is to come to an arrangement with the teacher where by Online for homework the teacher is contacted by telephone without hesitation as to the time of report day or night and they can talk directly to the child. Regular use of this approach can lead to a significant reduction in the type and Online help amount of homework. Children with an Autistic Spectrum Disorder require special consideration when learning new material.

Homework should primarily be designed to consolidate and for assignment practise known information rather than introducing new concepts. Another characteristic is a difficulty explaining their reasoning using speech. The child may provide the correct solution to a mathematical problem but not be able to use words to explain how they achieved the answer. Their cognitive strategies may be unconventional and intuitive rather than deductive. One may need to accept their correct solution even if the logic is unclear to the neurotypical mind. One problem with this characteristic is that it may be difficult for the parent to correct the C assignment login, alternative reasoning when the child has a ‘mental block’. Teaching a child with an Autistic Spectrum Disorder requires special skills and a parent is not expected to have those skills.

As a parent, one is also more emotionally involved than a class teacher and it can be difficult for them to be objective and emotionally detached. Help! One option is to hire a homework tutor to provide the skilled guidance and supervision. However, this may be beyond the financial resources of most families. If homework is associated with such anguish, what can be done to reduce the despair of the child who is exhausted from Help writing a mockingbird, their day at school, the parent who tries to motivate their child and Help report the teacher who recognises that homework is expository essay need help not the report, most effective means of education for such children? If the Get your assignment done, regular amount of homework is demanded of the child then everyone must recognise the considerable degree of time and commitment that is necessary from all parties to ensure it is completed satisfactorily and on time. One option is to for assignment report enable the child to Get your assignment done deal complete their ‘homework’ at school. It can be undertaken at lunchtime and before or after classes in their home class or the school library.

However, they would still require supervision and guidance from Help for assignment report, a teacher or assistant. In High School, some children have been able to graduate taking fewer subjects and the extra time available in the school day dedicated to homework. If all these strategies are unsuccessful, what is the alternative? ‘Should children with an Autistic Spectrum Disorder be exempted from doing homework?’ If the strategies outlined in expository essay help, this article are unsuccessful or unable to be implemented, then my reply is ‘yes’. Sometimes this advice is to the great relief of the child, their parent and probably their teacher. You can quote me on this. NOTE: This paper was originally published in the Summer 2000 edition of The Morning News (volume 12, number 2) The Morning News is available from Jenison Public Schools, 2140 Bauer Road, Jenison. MI 49428.

Phone 616 457 8955. For Assignment Report! The Summer edition features several papers on homework.