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biographical resume Introduction and Interests. Orville Boyd Jenkins. A Short Biographical Resume. I am mostly Irish, lots of Welsh, some Dutch, some Cherokee, maybe some other ethnicities. Somewhat Texan, very international, Quite Human! I have worked in radio, TV and on a film as producer, writer, trainer, newswriter or administrator before and during my years in Africa. I have written, edited and published in several academic areas.

I am a linguist, musician and computer specialist, and have served as a media technician and sound producer. My wife Edith and I went to Nairobi, Kenya, after we had been married one year and worked there over a 27-year period. We worked in Cyprus for over three years, and in Richmond, Virginia, for four years, working with other world ethnic researchers in paper numbers a project on peoples of the world. Write Paper Online. Near the end of schedule, 2005, we relocated to South Africa, where I was as a research analyst working on Write paper, ethnicities of the world. We have traveled in many countries of the world. I have had learning experience to some level in over 50 languages of the world, most intensively in writing Africa, specializing in Bantu historical linguistics. Long, long ago and far, far away. Though born in Chickasha, Oklahoma, I grew up in paper Quanah, Texas, where I learned Spanish and French. I continued studying languages through high school and Social studies college, while studying to be an engineer.

I studied Latin, German and Write online more Spanish before leaving college. It was this interest in paper languages that originally led me to Write paper Africa. Music has been part of my life since childhood. My father owned a radio station and I grew up in the business. I worked on the air with my own show from age 9. At age 11 I was featured in Billboard and Record World magazines as the youngest disk jockey in the world. For a few years I also worked for my father in a laundry, learning all kinds of things about june 2013 equipment and people! I also got started in Write on a paper the cattle business with a calf project in 4H, which grew into a joint ranching project with my father. In later years this was an important source of funds to pay part of my university education. Over the years in Quanah, we raised a garden that kept us busy much of the year. So a wonderful conflux of many different influences came together to enable me to learn about farming, nutrition, health and many aspects of business besides the radio business. My first car was a 53 Mercury Monterey I bought from my father.

At the time, I was too young to drive it by myself, so I got around most of the time on a Cushman Eagle motor scooter, delivering papers, selling greeting cards and helpline such and handling my shift at on a online the radio station. (Actually for along time, I was too young to drive the scooter too, but it was a small town in West Texas.) I had that car for several years and learned a lot working on it. My faith in my art term paper cheap Jesus Christ has always been a reference point and paper online foundation for my life, and all my decisions, no matter how small. I enjoy the freedom of Dictionary ilc, being at paper peace with God, the Centre of the Universe, and confident in his goodness and work for good in Homework helpline my life. I see my whole life as a calling, which started in childhood. I learned the Write on a paper business and operations side of broadcasting, as well as the production and technical side of media and music from childhood. I paid my way through university and part of graduate school as an announcer-producer, then worked for an initial two years in Kenya as a producer, writer and trainer.

I finished high school in Conway, Arkansas, where my dad and I worked a small cattle farm and ran an electronics repair shop. Dictionary Homework Help Ilc. We also had a family quartet with my two brothers, who also were members of a folk-rock band I formed while in College in the same town. I have written several dozen songs in various styles and play the guitar and Write on a paper online saxophone. At one time I taught a guitar class, and have taught in the music training program of a school in Kenya. Edith and service numbers I met the first week at college, where I noticed her in an informal music session. And God took it from there for a wonderful safari full of paper online, rich and Rutgers essay rewarding surprises. At times we've sung together, and she was a member of the first music group I organized, called The Folk . Later I organized a folk-rock band, The New Light , and produced an album for the band in 1970. I have been actively involved in music all my life and regularly play saxophone or guitar, and sometimes sing my original compositions, in churches or with various bands. Since our younger brother died in a car wreck at age 19, my brother Greg and I still sing and play together when we can. On A Paper. Much of our lives, we have lived thousands of miles apart. Rutgers University Essay Football. Greg is also a music producer and sound technician, as well as the music minister of his church.

He has by far the best singing voice of us three brothers. In the past he was for many years a Spanish teacher in high school and university. Greg also had his own piano tuning business for many years. Greg is too self-conscious to realize how cool he really is! We both have always had a driving urge to excel and felt confident trying new things. On A Paper. I worked as a disk jockey and producer for two radio stations in Conway during college years, which were 4.5 years due to my intense range of interests and many jobs. During college I also worked a couple of years loading freight, built school buses one summer, and Social studies spent some months not selling encyclopedias! I was a choir director and was involved in various other music interests at that time, also. Wow, were the days longer then?

For one semester in Write on a graduate school in North Carolina, I worked at two radio stations at the same time. This was great fun, though with full time studies, I got little sleep! The Lewisburg station played Country in the morning and Rock and Dictionary homework ilc Roll in the afternoon. The one in Henderson put me on Write paper online, the Top 40 weekend shift. Wow! What a whirl! I worked for several years in radio-TV-Film work in Kenya. I have continued to university football schedule be involved in Write online various media activities, including periodic evaluation and training activities.

In 1971, I helped form Afromedia, a Christian film and TV agency. I served on homework help ilc, production staff and as Executive Director for some years, and was a member of the board until about 1997. One of my productions, in 1993, was the audio tape of the first Christian hymnal in Write on a paper the Somali language. I produced several series in english English, Swahili and Kikuyu for radio and TV, and did on-air work in online English and Swahili. In Nairobi, Kenya, I co-led with a jazz band called Some Guys , and in 1994 produced our 60-minute jazz album including 5 of my original compositions.

From about 2003-2005, while living in term cheap Richmond, Virginia, I played sax with a blues group called the Silverback Blues Burners , as well as two worship bands. After several years on staff, I also served on two occasions as Board member for Baptist media agencies in Kenya, most recently 1991-93) a two-year term in which we reorganized and redesigned the print and electronic agencies into the new Kenya Baptist Media. My graduate studies over the years have included Christian Communications, theology, linguistics and cross-cultural communication For many years I designed community-based, culture-centred language learning programs in many countries of Africa. My two earned doctorates are from Write online US Universities, and I have done linguistic and anthropological field work in languages in several parts of the world. Dictionary Ilc. I have a French-language certificate in Commerce from the Sorbonne (University of Paris). Over the years I have also been in Write on a paper many French-language situations in several countries, for both work and pleasure. I still love French very much.

As part of my own personal evaluation and self-discipline for progress, at one stage in my early work in Kenya, I earned a diploma in Swahili from the British Tutorial Institute. I grew up in Texas around Spanish and have maintained that. My early experiences around Spanish language and culture was no doubt an important factor and impetus in my life-long interest in other cultures and desire to learn other languages. I have enjoyed being back in Texas the last few years where I can have Spanish radio on in the car, and have numerous Spanish TV channels to flavor my television surfing. I remember when I was in Rome on my trip to Kenya for the first time, before I had learned Italian, I negotiated my way around using Spanish with my Roman taxi driver.

What fun for everybody. I have often thought one of the best contributions we can make when visiting in another culture is the free entertainment we provide! My second trip to Italy was better a couple of years later when I could use the national language with some facility. I had a great time in Florence and northern Italy. It gave me lots of Social studies help articles, real practicum, since I had to serve as translator of language and culture for my wife Edith. From 1977 to 1991 I was Director of Baptist Language Centre, a training centre for cross-cultural communication in the Swahili language.

This involved developing a behavioral curriculum and Write online individualized learning programs for adult learners of language and culture. Homework Helpline Xenia. I trained several African teachers in language and culture learning theory and methods. I have written or translated several works between Swahili and English. I taught in five summer sessions at the Toronto Institute of Linguistics and in Write on a other language and cultural orientation programs. I have conducted several one-time staff development sessions for Social help articles language teachers at several schools and spoken to paper classes in Rutgers football schedule universities and high schools in Africa and the United States. I have served as a visiting professor in 2 colleges in Kenya, teaching courses on World Religions and on a paper online Communications. I have authored two booklets on Term writing service numbers, Islam. Additionally, I lectured as a visiting professor in three additional universities in Nairobi, in on a paper online fields of Islam and football Cross-Cultural Communications. On A Online. For 4 years, I served as founding Director of the Social studies help Interfaith Research Centre (IRC), launched in March 1994.

This was a research networking agency in Eastern and Southern Africa. Concerns were cultural research, Islam, Christian-Muslim relations and cross-cultural training. Paper Online. In connection with IRC I served as a strategy consultant for several international agencies working in Homework xenia Africa. I served two years (1995-97) on the Board of Governors of Rosslyn Academy (a North-American curriculum K-12 school) in Nairobi, Kenya, chairing the Long Range Planning Committee and leading in the establishment of multi-media and Internet facilities and course approaches for students and staff continuing education. Write On A Paper Online. I served three years on the board of Mombasa Baptist High School, a Kenya curriculum school. I have conducted sessions in cultural worldview research and language learning techniques for Term paper writing various agencies.

From 2001 to 2010, I served as the founding Editor of the Registry of Peoples (ROP) , a database of all peoples of the world with a unique code for each. The ROP provides a unique code for each of the Write paper online ethnolinguistic peoples of the world, as a mechanism for various ethnic databases to compare and exchange information about peoples of the world. Homework Help Ilc. This code enables any database on peoples of the world to compare and correlate, as well as exchange, data with any other database using those codes, without having to merge the databases. I continue to serve as a research and cultural communication consultant. I have been involved with computers since 1984. On A Online. I have provided technical assistance, hardware maintenance and software training and evaluation over the years. I led in establishing a computer user group in Nairobi in 1996, and Dictionary help led the club for several years. I dabbled in Linux a bit, but didn't really get very deep into it. I am creating and on a online managing web sites.

In earlier years my wife Edith and Custom english june I taught courses on WordStar, the premiere word processor for many years and one of the first Desktop Publishing programs for Windows. For several years I published several newsletter, journals or training materials with Ventura Publisher and other software publishing packages. For several years, I published a monthly computing newsletter, writing tutorials and Write on a paper other articles, and coordinated community tech support, and at times organizing programs and teaching in various computing courses. For about six years I was a contributing editor for the East African Computer Magazine and have published various computer articles in other publications. I have taught and published materials on Islam, world religions and cultures, language learning, media communication, cultural worldview investigation, cross-cultural communication and helpline computing. This included guest professor positions at several universities, and visiting speaker at many. I serve as guest speaker for Write various conferences. Custom English 2013. Since 1998, I have been publishing on the World Wide Web, managing web sites for research and training in worldview and online cross-cultural communication. I provide research and Term writing service numbers learning tools and on a paper resources on Write my art term paper cheap, various topics on my research site Thoughts and Resources: Practical Approaches to Life and on a paper online Reality. Write Paper Cheap. Bibliographies of Write paper, my Publications. Check out my interests in the following web sites I manage.

Here are two other great places : Revised 26 April 2009 and 30 May 2013. Last edited 18 June 2013. Orville Boyd Jenkins, EdD, PhD. Copyright 2009, 2013 Orville Boyd Jenkins. Help. Permission granted for Write paper online free download and transmission for personal or educational use. Please give credit and link back.

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The Deceptive Surface: Perception and online Sculpture�s �Skin� In the eighteenth century, sculptors such as Antonio Canova often experimented with polychromy, using wax or grind water to subtly tint their figures� flesh. In this article, I examine viewers� discomfort with these surface treatments. I argue that viewers reacted negatively to the colored surface of Write term paper cheap works such as Hebe and paper Penitent Magdalene because they found it to be deceptive. First, encaustic treatments mellowed the Write my art term cheap marble surface, giving modern works the appearance of on a antiquities. Homework Help! Second, the �reality effect� created by Write paper online color threatened sculpture�s status as high art. Finally, hyper-realism also suggested that the sculpture�s surface was exactly that�that is to university essay say, only a surface, a shell that contained the messy reality of the body.

The polychrome surface therefore oscillated between ancient and modern, flesh and stone, penetrable and impenetrable and raised larger aesthetic, philosophical and scientific issues. This paper was presented at Write on a online the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, as part of the symposium �Surfaces: Fifteenth � Nineteenth Centuries� on March 27, 2015. Many thanks to Noemie Etienne, organizer of the symposium, for inviting me to participate and reflect on Social studies the sculptural surface and to Laurent Vannini for the translation of Write on a this article into Homework helpline French. 1 Claire J. Write On A Paper Online! Farago, ed. Leonardo da Vinci�s Paragone: A Critical Interpretation with a New Edition of (. ) 1 Sculpture�an art of mass, volume, weight, and density. Homework Helpline Xenia! Its very solidity distinguishes it from the art of painting and Write online was one of the helpline reasons painting was viewed as the online superior medium by artists of the Renaissance.

The paragone , or competition between the Homework xenia two arts, was rooted in Leonardo da Vinci�s comments, which have become something of a truism now. Paper Online! Painting was characterized as an intellectual craft, while sculpture was largely mechanical. Studies Articles! Sculpting was a form of labor that generated sweat and fatigue, and the sculptor was doomed to online be forever dirty, covered in marble chips and dust. Worse, his art was �not a science�, for �[t]he simple measurements of members and the nature of movements and poses alone are enough for such an artist, and so, sculpture ends by Social help articles demonstrating to the eye only what is Write on a, what.� Painting, on Write term cheap the other hand, was an Write on a paper online art of Homework xenia illusion, for Write online �by the Homework helpline power of science, demonstrates the paper grandest countrysides with distant horizons on one flat surface.� 1 All this is to say, sculpture was criticized for appearing to be the thing itself and for being a medium that could be understood not just by sight, but by touch. 2 What painting and sculpture do have in common, however, is that in the best of both their illusion lies on the surface. Painting�s strength rests on june its ability to create a fictional three-dimensional space on Write online a two-dimensional plane. Sculpture�s illusionistic success, on the other hand�particularly sculpture of the early modern period�depends on the impression of university essay football malleability, of the on a online transformation of marble into soft flesh. This effect was the result of the sculptor�s careful manipulation of the stone surface, his skill with the tools of his trade�dramatically visible, for Homework xenia instance, in on a online the dimpled thigh of Gian-Lorenzo Bernini�s Proserpina (Fig. 1).

Gian-Lorenzo Bernini, Pluto and my art term cheap Prosperina (detail), 1621-22. Marble. Height 2.25 m. Galleria Borghese, Rome, Italy. Image courtesy of the Columbia University Visual Resources Collection. 2 Canova�s finishing techniques have received much attention recently.

See, for instance, Hugh Honour (. ) 3 A marble surface that appears to be yielding flesh, which then invites the viewer, in turn, to reach out and feel the stone beneath his fingers�this hallmark of success lasted well into paper online the nineteenth century, and of the sculptors in the generations that followed Bernini, it was Antonio Canova who was hailed for helpline his fine workmanship, what was known then as the �ultima mano� or �final touch� that he gave to the marble. Yet, in addition to his skill with the chisel, Canova was likewise well known for his finishing treatments. Paper! 2 These included the application of wax and grind water, treatments that smoothed out and homework ilc stained the marble surface. 3 After a visit to Canova�s studio in 1799, for on a paper instance, General Baron Thiebault remarked, �Une chos (. ) 4 To use Alex Potts� phrase. Rutgers Essay Football! See Potts, The Sculptural Imagination: Figurative, Modernist, Minimalist (. ) 5 See Roland Barthes, �The Reality Effect,� in The Rustle of Write on a paper Language , trans. Richard Howard (Berkele (. Homework Xenia! ) 4 Canova and his admirers credited these treatments with giving his sculptures translucency and Write a �new softness�. Homework Xenia! 3 Not everyone, however, approved. Some of Canova�s critics considered them unnecessary, or worse yet, fraudulent.

In this article, I will examine this discomfort with Canova�s �surface values.� 4 Viewers reacted negatively to these treatments because they found them to Write paper online be deceptive. First, encaustic treatments mellowed the marble surface, giving modern works the appearance of antiquities. Second, the �reality effect� created by color threatened sculpture�s status as high art. Football Schedule! 5 And third, hyper-realism also suggested that the sculpture�s surface was exactly that�that is to say, only a surface, a shell that contained the messy reality of the Write on a online body. Antonio Canova, Venus and Adonis , ca. 1795. Marble. 185 x 80 x 86 cm.

Musee d�Art et d�Histoire, Geneva, Switzerland. Photo in the public domain. Accessed 31 March 2015. Antonio Canova, Creugas , 1795-1806. Marble. Height ca. 2.25 m. Museo Pio Clementino, Vatican Museums, Vatican State.

Photo in the public domain. Accessed 31 March 2015. 5 The number of works that received encaustic treatment at paper june Canova�s hand is significant. 6 For more on Venus and Adonis , see the comments by Augustin Creuze de Lesser in Write paper note 54. Help! For the ful (. On A Paper! ) 7 Joseph Forsyth, Remarks on Antiquities, Arts, and Letters During an Homework Excursion in Italy, in the Year (. ) 8 For more on the different versions of Write on a Hebe , see Norman and Rutgers football Cook, ��Just a Tiny Bit of Rouge upon Write on a paper online th (. ) 9 Ibid., 54-56. 10 One interesting exception is Canova�s statue of Paolina Borghese as Venus Victrix ; recent conservat (. ) 6 The Venus in Venus and Adonis , for instance, completed in 1795, was given a slightly yellow tint (Fig. 2), and in 1799 General Baron Thiebault was surprised that the flesh of �all� of Social help Canova�s sculptures was stained to distinguish it from drapery. 6 A few years later Joseph Forsyth admired the boxer Creugas in the Vatican, which he praised for its �waxen gloss which dazzles the eye, and gives such illusion to the high finishing, that you imagine the very texture of the skin in the marble.� 7 (Fig. 3) In addition to yellowing the flesh of his figures, Canova sometimes tinted the cheeks and lips of his female sculptures with rouge. This was the case with all four versions of paper his Hebe as well as the english june 2013 first version of the on a online Penitent Magdalene , currently in the Museo di Sant�Agostino, Genova. 8 (Figs.

4 and 5) Conservators suggest that the Three Graces in the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Ideal Head in the Ashmolean may also have been treated this way. 9 Since, however, Canova�s works no longer bear visible traces of color, it is english paper june, possible that the list is much longer. 10. Antonio Canova, Hebe , ca. 1800-1805. Marble. Height 161 cm. Write Paper Online! The State Hermitage Museum, St.

Petersburg, Russia. Photo in the public domain. Courtesy of the Dictionary help State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia. Accessed 31 March 2015. Antonio Canova, Penitent Magdalene , 1796. Marble and paper online bronze. Height 94 cm. Museo Sant�Agostino, Genoa, Italy. Photo in Custom june 2013 the public domain. Accessed 31 March 2015.

11 According to on a paper online conservation reports, Apollo and Daphne received a waxy patina in english june the seventeenth cent (. Write On A Online! ) 12 See Herrmann Fiore, � Apollo e Dafne del Bernini al Tempo del Cardinale Scipione Borghese,� 98 and N (. ) 7 Canova, however, was not alone in the use of transparent washes. A waxy patina was applied to studies the flesh of Bernini�s Apollo and Daphne in the seventeenth century and even the Write on a remarkable effect of Pluto�s hand on Proserpina�s thigh was enhanced by a stain applied to my art term her body, dramatizing the distinction between his hard grip and her soft flesh. 11 In the eighteenth century, the online practice was even more widespread, and sculptors such as Vincenzo Pacetti, Bartolommeo Cavaceppi, Thomas Banks, Joseph Nollekens, and even Giovanni Battista Piranesi all warmed the my art term surface of Write on a paper online marble with patinas made from wax, coffee, tea, tobacco, soot, stone dust and paper writing service numbers earth. 12. 13 Two particularly egregious dealers were Thomas Jenkins and Robert Fagan. See Brinsley Ford, �Thomas (. On A Paper Online! ) 8 For some artists, such as Bernini, the Custom june effect of patination was to Write on a highlight the lifelike quality of Custom june 2013 his works; for others, the on a paper aim of such techniques was to approximate the Write term paper works of antiquity. In the eighteenth century in paper online particular, ancient sculptures were discovered regularly during excavations in writing service numbers Rome, its surrounding countryside, and Naples, Pompeii and Write on a paper online Herculaneum. University Essay Football! Many pieces were only fragments and required heavy restoration; surface treatments were used on the modern additions to emulate the mellowed tone of the ancient marble. In some cases, unscrupulous dealers passed off completely modern works as antiquities.

13. 14 See Ascanio Condivi, Vita di Michelangolo Buonarroti (1553; Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms In (. ) 15 As quoted in Honour, �Canova�s Studio Practice II: 1791-1822,� 219. 16 Noted by Thomas Moore in paper his diary entry of english paper june October 29, 1819, upon a visit to the Museo Pio-Clement (. ) 17 Augustus von Kotzebue, Travels through Italy in the Years 1804 and Write on a paper online 1805 , 4 vols. (London: Richard P (. ) 9 Of course, there is a long tradition in Write my art term cheap the history of sculpture whereby the talent of a modern sculptor is on a, established when one of his works is taken to Write my art term paper be ancient. In many cases, it is not just the style of carving that asserts the work�s antiquity, but also its surface. Michelangelo, for instance, famously made a sleeping cupid, now lost, which was declared to be a work of Praxiteles. Although Michelangelo�s cupid was made in a classicizing style, Ascanio Condivi�s biography of the artist, written in the mid-sixteenth century, pointed out that Michelangelo also treated the piece, corroding its surface so that it appeared as if it had been buried for many years. 14 Almost three hundred years later, viewers of Canova�s works likewise understood the deceptive potential of his sculptural surface; the Baron d�Uklanski, for instance, noted that the �yellow tinge [of Canova�s sculptures gave] them a colour similar to that of parian marble, and an appearance of Write on a online antiques.� 15 Often, the supposed antiquity of the weathered surface was reinforced by the thrill of discovery. If Canova�s works were literally unearthed, for instance, their quality would be undeniable. The English sculptor Sir Francis Chantrey claimed that if Canova�s Creugas were buried and exhumed, �it would produce a great sensation.� 16 Augustus von Kotzebue was even more cunning.

He wished the my art term paper sculptor would bury a work that could be then �discovered by accident.� �No doubt it would be believed to be a work by Write paper online Phidias,� he wrote, �and would lay to rest any criticisms about Canova�s talent.� 17. Antonio Canova, Theseus and the Minotaur , 1782. Marble. Dictionary Help Ilc! 145.4 cx 158.7 x 91.4 cm. Victoria and Albert Museum, London, purchased with the Write on a assistance of The Art Fund. Photo � Victoria and ilc Albert Museum, London. 10 While Canova did not bury his sculptures to on a age them, he did collude with patrons to pass of his works as antiquities. June! After completing Theseus and the Minotaur in 1782, and before its public exhibition, the Venetian Ambassador, Girolamo Zulian, invited artists, men of Write on a paper online letters and others to a gathering to dramatize the work�s unveiling. Paper Service! (Fig.

6) A model of Theseus� head, prepared by Canova, was placed on display for the guests, all of Write on a paper whom: 18 J. S. Memes, Memoirs of writing numbers Antonio Canova, with a Critical Analysis of his Works, and an Historical Vi (. ) were agreed that the cast must have been taken from a work of Write on a paper Grecian sculpture, and of great merit; but they were divided on what it represented, and where the original was to be found. Some affirmed that they had seen it in such a collection;�some said it was in a different gallery;�part maintained that such a personage of Write paper antiquity was pourtrayed;� others asserted a contrary statement;�in short, all acknowledged the beauty of the Write on a piece was the only common sentiment which experienced no opposition. Social Help! Seizing the proper occasion, when he perceived every one to be thus deeply interested in Write on a paper the affair, �Ebbene�, said the Ambassador, �andiamo a vederne l�originale,���Come, let us terminate these disputes by going to see the original.� 18. 11 The guests naturally were shocked to think that the Write term paper cheap �ancient� sculpture they had been admiring was in possession of their host and, moreover, that it was a modern work by Canova. Antonio Canova, Venus with a Mirror , ca. On A! 1780-1796. Oil on canvas. 134 x 177 cm.

Casa del Canova, Possagno, Italy. Photo from paper writing numbers, Antonio Canova: Arte e Memoria a Possagno . Ponzano (Treviso): Vianello, 2004. pp. 53-54. 19 That said, throughout his career, Canova often made sculptures that emulated well-known ancient wor (. Write Paper Online! ) 20 �Questo quadro resto per piu anni in un angolo dello studio, finche per la patina della polvere e d (. ) 21 Memes, Memoirs of Antonio Canova, with a Critical Analysis of his Works, and an Historical View of homework help (. ) 22 Gilbert Bagnani compares intentionally forged works with �fakes in reverse���that of objects or doc (. ) 12 While Theseus and the Minotaur is the only sculpture Canova deliberately presented as an antiquity, early in his career he also experimented with painting and its deceptive surface. 19 Sometime in the early 1780s, while at Write paper online work on the Monument to Clement XIV , Canova completed the paper writing service painting of on a online a Venus, a reclining nude with a mirror, which he subsequently left propped up in an obscure corner of his studio. (Fig. 7) Over time, a �patina� of dust and dirt accumulated on the surface of the painting, giving it the appearance of a much older work. Write Term Paper! 20 Once rediscovered�and reworked�by him, careful attention to its finish further reiterated the paintings� supposed antiquity, for �in the ornaments and Write paper accessories, [�] slight cracks and other effects of time were skillfully imitated.� 21 When Canova finally showed the painting to Dictionary homework his patron Don Abbondio Rezzonico, a member of the Roman senate and nephew of Clement XIII, and the painter Stefano Tofanelli both of them believed it was a Renaissance work. 22.

23 �[. ] lo termina in modo, che sembrava un vecchio dipinto.� See d�Este, Memorie di Antonio Canova , (. ) 24 For more accounts of Canova�s �fakes,� see Missirini, Della Vita di Antonio Canova: Libri Quattro , (. On A Online! ) 25 For the Social help articles reception in Naples of Canova�s painting in the manner of Write on a paper online Giorgione, see the letters from Homework xenia, R (. ) 13 His success at this first attempt motivated Canova to begin painting again, and this time he set out deliberately to fool his audience. Having heard of a lost self-portrait by Giorgione, Canova decided to Write recreate the work. He obtained a fifteenth-century painting from an antiquarian, a �bad copy of the holy family,� and used prints and a literary description as his guide. Canova carefully imitated Giorgione�s style, �finishing it in such a way that it appeared to be an old painting.� 23 His biographers recount similar tales with regard to at least three different paintings, all of which misled the paper writing audience into thinking they were Venetian Renaissance works. 24 These anecdotes are in online turn confirmed by private correspondence, including an exchange of letters between Canova and his friend, the Venetian architect Giannantonio Selva, from 1796. Helpline Xenia! 25.

26 �Artists are chiefly supported by English travellers, who usually follow Mr. GRAY�s advice, and buy (. ) 27 Giandomenico Spinola, �La Manipolazione dell�Antico tra Restauro e Falso: Esempi dai Musei Vaticani (. ) 28 Emphasis added. He continues, ��.But many of the names given to Write on a online the marbles and bronzes in this qua (. Paper! ) 14 In every case I have just described, viewers were misled by the element which would so obsess Canova throughout his career�namely, the Write on a paper online surface or finishing of the work. It is on the surface of the work where the deception occurs; after all, it was the �finishing� that made Canova�s false Giorgione look old. While Canova�s ruses were primarily designed as connoisseurship games, the dynamic art market in eighteenth-century Italy, particularly the high demand for Term writing service numbers ancient sculpture, meant that the deceptive capacity of an art work�s surface became increasingly problematic.

With both Grand Tourists and newly founded museums seeking classical statuary for their collections, demand far outstripped supply and the prevalence of fakes became a real economic problem. Peter Beckford, on Write on a online his 1787 trip to Rome, made the financial repercussions of such fraud clear, warning future visitors to Write my art paper cheap the city to beware of on a paper copied paintings, antiques �made just for them,� and fake medals and pearls. 26 Much more problematic, however, were the fakes that were being institutionalized in the new museums. Homework! Works of dubious origin, or fragments that were �restored� into complete objects, were making their way into these institutions, meant to be the bastions of the very best works of Write art of the ancient world. Helpline! Although it is true that in the eighteenth century it was only Write online, restored and completed objects that were considered for purchase for Custom english paper the museums, it is on a online, equally true that restorers and dealers misrepresented the Social studies articles ancient status of certain sculptures in order to make the sale. Recently Giandomenico Spinola has pointed out several modern works that were knowingly sold to the Vatican as antiquities, including a bust of Sabina, and Herakles Bibax , purchased in ca. 1775 and 1803, respectively. Write On A Online! 27 By the mid-nineteenth century, awareness that some works were indeed forgeries penetrated the consciousness of Dictionary homework help visitors. John Broughton, for instance, turned his critical eye on the Capitoline Museum, lamenting, �The antiquities of the Conservators� palace if they were all authentic, would be the most interesting of Roman remains.� At least, he admitted with resignation, the Write on a online modern works carry �no such uncertainty.� 28. 29 �Ces accessoires, ainsi colores, me semblent faire une disparate choquante avec le reste de la stat (. ) 30 See Antoine-Chrysosthome Quatremere de Quincy, Le Jupiter Olympien, ou, l�art de la sculpture antiq (. ) 31 �Quelques-uns se sont recries sur l�emploi que M. Canova a fait d�un peu de dorure dans l�enjolivem (. ) 32 In Pliny�s Natural History , for instance, he cites Praxiteles� admiration for the painter Nicias, w (. ) 33 �Elle tient a la main une coupe doree, idee que je n�approuve rien, quoique les anciens l�aient eue (. ) 34 �Le bandeau des cheveux de la Deesse [ Hebe ], l�aiguiere et la coupe qu�elle teint dans ses mains, s (. ) 35 �Again�there is a trickery and quackery in the finishing of Canova�s statues, which is below the di (. ) 36 See note 37 for Write paper cheap the full text. On A Online! M.B., �Beaux-Arts.

Salon de 1808. N. XVIII. Sculpture. M. Canova,� 3 (. Dictionary Homework Help Ilc! ) 37 The anonymous writer of Write paper The New Monthly Magazine cited these criticisms, but ultimately defended Ca (. ) 38 �Canova strives, by the kind of essay football schedule polish which he gives to his works, to produce in the spectator an (. Write Paper Online! ) 39 �Cet habile statuaire [Canova] se sert, avec beaucoup d�adresse, d�un moyen peu usite, pour donner (. ) 15 If the sculptural surface could deceive viewers by Rutgers football schedule creating the aura of on a antiquity, so too could it suggest the opposite�that is to say, call attention to the work�s modernity. Two examples here suffice. University! Hebe and Penitent Magdalene were both exhibited at the Parisian Salon of 1808, along with two other works by Canova, Madame Mere and Standing Cupid and Psyche . On A Paper Online! The skin of both was, as I have already mentioned, tinted yellow and both also had red lips and cheeks. Essay Schedule! Moreover, both also had bronze accessories: Hebe , for instance, wore a gilded headband and held a golden cup and vase in her hands, while Penitent Magdalene ruminated over a bronze cross.

Both roused ire in critics. Paper! To begin, Canova�s use of bronze was a flashpoint of criticism�Victorin Fabre, writing for the Mercure de France, for instance, found Magdalene�s cross a �shocking contrast� with the rest of the sculpture. 29 The introduction of help metal into a marble work, however, was at least partially justified by a nascent understanding of the use of polychromy in paper antiquity. In 1804, Quatremere de Quincy, for instance, gave a series of lectures on the subject at the Institut de France, and in 1815 he published an illustrated treatise, Le Jupiter Olympien . 30 Ironically, however, while Quatremere defended Canova�s use of mixed media by arguing his artistic practice was true to the methods used by the ancients, the same understanding was not extended to the painted surface. 31 Despite literary sources which suggested sculptures were painted, such as Pliny�s Natural History and cheap Vitruvius� De Architectura, not to mention growing archaeological evidence, the use of color was still viewed with suspicion. On A Online! 32 Augustin Creuze de Lesser, who saw one version of Hebe in Canova�s studio in 1802 argued that �from the helpline xenia moment one admitted two colors into sculpture, one must admit them all.� 33 For other writers, the yellowed skin and pink cheeks and lips reflected Canova�s �artifice� 34 and on a online were no more than �trickery and quackery.� 35 More worrisome was the way they threatened the status of sculpture itself, a concern repeatedly expressed by Term paper service numbers critics. For instance, such techniques �were not worthy of sculpture�s gravitas .� 36 The use of color was Canova�s misguided attempt �to impart to his statues an Write on a air of reality and of heightening their resemblance to nature by artificial means unconnected with the province of sculpture.� 37 Polychromy seemed �expressly calculated to heighten the homework help ilc pleasure of the amateur, who is more susceptible of enthusiasm, and frequently measures the Write perfection of my art paper a work by the degree of satisfaction which it affords him.� 38 Canova�s influence was also to fear: other sculptors might imitate Canova�s technique, and in on a online so doing destroy �the noble simplicity, the frankness of composition, and even the very style which form the principal character of great works of football sculpture.� 39. 40 �If the business of Sculpture were to administer pleasure to ignorance, or a mere entertainment to (. ) 41 Johann Gottfried Herder, Sculpture: Some Observations on Shape and Form from Write, Pygmalion�s Creative D (. ) 42 Johann Joachim Winckelmann, History of the Dictionary homework Art of Write online Antiquity , ed. Alex Potts, trans. Harry Francis M (. ) 16 The criticisms leveled at essay schedule Canova�s sculptures in the 1808 Salon echoed the writings of theorists and philosophers across the continent that had been expressed decades earlier.

In his Discourses , for instance, Joshua Reynolds argued that the admiration of sculpture was rooted in �intellectual pleasure� and on a the �contemplation of paper service numbers perfect beauty��the addition of color transformed the art into �mere entertainment to the senses.� 40 In 1778, Johann Gottfried Herder claimed that color rendered sculpture �ugly� because sculpture�s essence was rooted in Write online form and meant to be experienced through touch. 41 And, of Social studies articles course, in his 1764 History of the Art of Antiquity, Winckelmann himself wrote that �color contributes to Write on a paper online beauty but is not beauty itself. [�] a beautiful body will be all the more beautiful the whiter it is.� 42. 43 Charlotte A. Eaton, Rome, in Term writing service the Nineteenth Century; Containing a Complete Account of the Ruins of (. ) 17 Common to Write on a paper online all these criticisms, be they written by Term numbers philosophers, theorists, or art critics, was the fear that coloring the marble surface breached the very province of the medium; that is to say, coloring sculpture somehow lessened not just the individual work, but the austerity and seriousness of the art as a whole. Write On A Online! Color threatened to make the service art of sculpture appealing to a new class of viewers�to �amateurs� who might be pleased�or worse, �entertained��by the medium. By the early nineteenth century, as the streets of European cities were overrun with spectacles and new forms of popular amusements, there was real danger that sculpture itself might become just one more entertainment among many; the Write on a distance between the Salon and the wax museum was perilously small.

Even writers who were not art critics, such as Charlotte Eaton, who traveled through Europe in 1817, understood the implications. She objected to the practice of staining marble in a misguided attempt to homework ilc achieve life, calling it a form of �charlatanism.� �If,� she wrote, �however, this painting of on a paper statues was introduced in the vain attempt to helpline create a nearer approach to living nature, the objects of sculpture seem to have been strangely mistaken and Write debased. University Football Schedule! Most certainly they do not consist in the close imitation of Write on a life; for, in that case, a common raree-show of wax-work would exceed the finest sculpture of Phidias.� 43. 44 This interest in animation remained powerful well into the nineteenth century. Essay Football Schedule! Recent scholarship w (. On A Paper! ) 18 Eaton�s comments bring me to the final section of Custom june this article, in which I�d like to Write on a paper online explore this issue of the �close imitation of life.� I want to consider the �the reality effect� created by the colored surface in Write my art term paper relation to the issue of Write on a paper artificial life, and, more specifically, the suggestion that there might be more underneath sculpture�s �skin� than marble alone. The potential to breathe life into inanimate matter revealed itself in two interwoven interests in Social help articles the eighteenth century, particularly in eighteenth-century France�a profound concern with the Pygmalion myth and philosophical theories of animation. A number of eighteenth-century philosophers�Pierre Bayle, Julien Offray de la Mettrie, and Etienne Bonnot, Abbe de Condillac, among others�all reflected on the ability to Write paper online create life in an inanimate body; this has, in turn, been of paper writing numbers great interest to scholars today, as has the erotic relationship between the paper online creator and his animated subject. 44. 45 See Hersey, Falling in Love with Statues: Artificial Humans from university essay schedule, Pygmalion to the Present , 99-102 a (. Write! ) 46 �For this purpose, we imagined a statue constructed internally like ourselves, and animated by a mi (. ) 19 The majority of these eighteenth-century materialist philosophies revolved around a central idea�namely, given that all matter is made of the same atoms, it is only the difference in the structure or arrangement of the articles atoms that differentiates animate from inanimate objects. It should be possible, therefore, to online use some sort of transforming energy to alter the atomic structure of dead, or non-living, matter and produce life.

45 Often, sculptures were used as the example of inanimate matter that could be transformed, presumably because of their lifelike form. In his 1754 Treatise on the Sensations , for instance, de Condillac envisioned an experiment in which a statue experiences each of the five senses individually, in succession, and then in combination with one another. In his dedication, he asks us to imagine �a statue constructed internally like ourselves, and animated by a mind which as yet had no ideas of any kind.� 46 As the senses are activated by Term paper writing him, the Write on a online statue experiences cognition and memory; in effect, the helpline xenia statue comes alive. On A Online! What interests me most about this experiment, however, is the Social studies help way de Condillac imagines the marble exterior of the Write on a online statue as a barrier which prevents the use of the senses until it is Custom english paper 2013, breached by on a paper online him. In his vision, the statue is paper, effectively a shell, not a solid, impenetrable mass. 47 As cited in Hersey, Falling in Love with Statues: Artificial Humans from Pygmalion to on a paper online the Present , (. ) 48 O vid, Metamorphoses, trans.

Anthony S. My Art! Kline, Book X, 243-297, �Orpheus Sings: Pygmalion and the St (. Write On A Online! ) 20 Given the writing service numbers widespread interest in animation, the concomitant popularity of the Pygmalion myth during the eighteenth century is no surprise. Andreas Bluhm cites 142 examples of the on a paper online myth in theater and the fine arts between 1500-1900, with more than half of them created between 1700-1800. 47 In the myth, best known via Ovid�s version, Pygmalion creates the statue of a beautiful woman out of ivory. He is so enamored of Dictionary help ilc her that he caresses her, gives her gifts, and on a paper online asks Venus for Dictionary help ilc a bride similar to his ivory girl. Paper Online! Venus, hearing his plea, gives the statue life so that the stone �lost its hardness, altering under [Pygmalion�s] fingers, as the xenia bees� wax of Hymettus softens in the sun, and is moulded, under the thumb, into many forms [�].� But malleable flesh is not the Write on a only way that the statue�s animation is Dictionary homework help, recorded�her �pulse throbbed under his thumb� and when he kisses her, she blushes. 48.

49 Ibid., Book X, 220-242, �Orpheus Sings:The Propoetides,� http://ovid.lib.virginia.edu/?trans/?Metamor(. ) 21 The role coursing blood played as a signifier of life is all the more significant when the background of the Pygmalion myth is considered. What most people don�t remember about Ovid�s story is the reason Pygmalion makes the statue to begin with: he had been living as a bachelor, since he was �offended by� the Propoetides, women of the city of Amathus. The Propoetides had dared to deny Venus� as their deity; in punishment, she forced them to on a online prostitute themselves. They lost their sense of Custom english paper june 2013 shame, and, as a result, their ability to blush; �the blood hardened in their cheeks, and only a small change turned them into hard flints.� 49 When their blood stopped circulating, they were, essentially, turned to online stone. 50 Some contemporary reports suggest that Corday was not, in fact, slapped. Regardless of the homework help ilc historic (. ) 22 Blushing, I would argue, becomes a symbol for the living body in eighteenth-century versions of the myth. Color suggested that the interior of the Write sculpture had been transformed; within the term cheap marble shell- now turned flesh- a heart was beating and blood was circulating. In paintings of Pygmalion, it became routine to signify Galatea�s transformation from sculpture to paper online living woman through the use of pink flesh juxtaposed with white stone. Jean Raoux (1717), Louis-Jean Lagrenee (1777), Laurent Pecheux (1784), and Louis Gauffier (1797) all rendered the helpline xenia transformative moment the same way; pink stood for paper online vitality, a trope repeated in nineteenth- and twentieth-century depictions of the Social myth as well�one of the best known, for example, is the painting by Anne-Louis Girodet from 1817, which was itself an on a paper homage to Canova. (Fig. 8) But the Rutgers football most dramatic example of the Write paper blush as the demarcation between life and death is a historical one.

Charlotte Corday, best known, of course, for assassinating the French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat on Rutgers essay football schedule July 13, 1793, was guillotined for her crime four days later. After she was decapitated, the executioner reportedly picked up her head and slapped her across the cheek. Online! Corday is said to have blushed in response.50. Anne Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson, Pygmalion and Galatea , 1817. Oil on canvas. 2.53 x:2.02 m. Musee du Louvre, Paris. Photo in my art term the public domain. Accessed 31 March 2015. 51 Ibid., 119. Write Online! 52 Daniel Arasse, The Guillotine and the Terror , trans.

Christopher Miller (London: Allen Lane, The Pe (. ) 23 Corday�s blush may be interpreted both in moral terms�an expression of shame over her crime�and physiological ones, 51 and certainly the incident contributed to xenia debates over how long an individual remained conscious after being decapitated. 52 Moreover it was just one of many gory examples from the Revolutionary period where blood signified the transition from life to death. On A Online! While this manifested in a blush for Corday, equally striking is the example of the decapitated head of Louis XVI being shown to the crowd; in most of the popular prints of the event, blood is shown streaming from his severed neck. (Fig. 9) Georg Heinrich Sieveking, Execution of King Louis XVI of France, January 21, 1793 . Engraving.

Musee Carnavalet, Paris. Photo in the public domain. Accessed 31 March 2015. 53 Letter from Lucchesi Palli to Canova, n.d. Help! [1795]. �Il marmo e trattato con tale industria, che la (. ) 24 With episodes such as this in mind, then, it is clear that the Write waxed and colored marbled surface of Canova�s works could be interpreted as a skin, beneath which ran the blood of life. The stone that viewers saw might not be solid and unyielding after all; it might be mere surface, a permeable epidermis, containing the messy, if vital, reality of the body. And reactions to Canova�s work do suggest an understanding that the surface of his sculptures could be breached. When Giuseppe Lucchesi Palli saw Venus and university essay football Adonis in 1795, for instance, he was moved to Write on a do more than simply touch the Term numbers work. �The marble is treated with such industriousness,� he wrote, �that the surface positively seems to be human skin, and one is Write paper online, tempted to prick it with a pin to see if it bleeds.� 53 Augustin Creuze de Lesser�s response to the sculpture�s polychromy was less complimentary. When he entered the temple that housed the group, he was: 54 �J�ai vu a Naples un autre essai de ce systeme de Canova, et beaucoup moins heureux encore a mon av (. ) disagreeably struck by a large band, white as snow, that wrapped around the Term paper numbers waist of on a this goddess.

I believed at first that it was a cloth with which someone with a ridiculous sense of Write my art cheap modesty had covered the sculpture, and I asked to remove it, but when I got closer I saw that Canova had profited from the range of online shades that was inherent to the whiteness of the marble in Social order to conceal his Venus a little. I asked myself what this cloth was doing so close to Adonis. Moreover, white cloth only immediately revealed a Venus that was all gray. Finally that which should have set me straight immediately was that this cloth was positioned in such a way that unless it was held in place by pins stuck in the flesh of Venus herself, it was impossible for Write online it to stay on; but Venus� pose was so tender that one could also imagine that in a moment the veil would fall. Homework! 54.

55 �Quand M. Canova lui-meme emprunterait la palette du Titien, pour ajouter dans toutes les parties d (. On A! ) 25 While it is unclear whether Creuze de Lesser understood that Canova had achieved this effect through waxes and oils, rather than simply taking advantage of the particularities of that piece of marble, both he and Dictionary homework help Lucchesi Palli read the marble surface as a penetrable skin that could be pierced by on a paper online pins. The red tint Canova used on his female sculptures� cheeks and lips could also be misinterpreted. Dictionary Help! Years later, in response to Write on a the 1808 Salon, one critic referred to my art term paper cheap the way Canova had placed a �rather strong carmine tint on Write on a the interior of Hebe�s mouth.� 55 Given that Hebe�s lips are barely parted, it is likely that this critic misread Hebe�s �lipstick� as an orifice; in so doing, he suggested that the sculpture�s interior was composed of paper june soft tissue. 56 See, for online instance, Roberta Panzanelli, �Compelling Presence: Wax Effigies in Renaissance Florence,� (. Articles! ) 57 Uta Kornmeier, �Almost Alive: The Spectacle of Write on a paper Verisimilitude in Madame Tussaud�s Waxworks,� in Eph (. ) 58 Joan B. Landes, �Wax Fibers, Wax Bodies, and Moving Figures: Artifice and Rutgers university Nature in on a paper Eighteenth-Cent (. ) 26 The stained marble surface, then, could be interpreted as a penetrable skin, beneath which lay complex human anatomy and coursing blood. This, in turn, could be read in two ways. On the hand, the colored stone recalled the myth of Pygmalion, and thus had a life-affirming quality. Inanimate sculpture held the potential to be animated; it held the english 2013 potential for life. On the other hand, the hyper-realistic body also threatened the opposite; that is, where there is Write on a paper online, life, there is also death and Social studies help decay. Indeed, colored wax had often been used in sculpture for funeral rites; effigies and votives were placed on corpses or left in churches in a tradition that went back to the Renaissance, if not earlier. 56 In the years following the French Revolution, even amusements like Madame Tussaud�s waxworks gained their popularity not because of their depiction of living individuals, but rather, their focus on the dead, particularly Louis XVI and Write online martyrs of the Terror. 57 Perhaps even more indicative of way the colored surface�particularly the wax surface�occupied the liminal territory beneath life and death were the anatomical waxes that proliferated during the Dictionary ilc eighteenth century.

These revealed the sculptural surface to be a literal skin�flesh could be removed and the body within placed on display. (Figs. 10-11) Moreover, sometimes they were made from on a paper, plastinated corpses themselves, freezing the body forever in a tableau that straddled animation and death. 58. Workshop of Clemente Susini and Giuseppe Ferrini, Pregnant female with removable skin and abdominal layers [also known as the Anatomical Venus ], 1770-1775. Paper June 2013! Metal or wood skeleton, transparent and colored waxes. Museo di storia natural, sezione zoological �La Specola�, Florence, Italy.

Photo from Lyle Massey, �On Waxes and Wombs: Eighteenth-Century Representations of the Gravid Uterus.� In Ephemeral Bodies: Wax Sculpture and the Human Figure , edited by Roberta Panzanelli, 83-105. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Research Institute, 2008. pp. 84-85. Workshop of Write Clemente Susini and Giuseppe Ferrini, Pregnant female with removable skin and abdominal layers [also known as the Anatomical Venus ], 1770-1775. Metal or wood skeleton, transparent and Custom colored waxes.

Museo di storia naturale, sezione zoological �La Specola�, Florence, Italy. Photo from Lyle Massey, �On Waxes and Wombs: Eighteenth-Century Representations of the Gravid Uterus�. In Ephemeral Bodies: Wax Sculpture and the Human Figure , edited by Roberta Panzanelli, 83-105. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Research Institute, 2008. p. 87. 59 Charles Baudelaire, �The Salon of 1846,� Art in Paris, 1845-1862: Salons and Other Exhibitions , ed. (. ) 27 In the eighteenth century, then, the representation of the human body in sculptural form�particularly in polychrome sculptural form�became the focal point for larger aesthetic, philosophical and paper scientific inquiries. Although by the mid-nineteenth century Charles Baudelaire would declare that sculpture was �boring,� the colored surface�s oscillation between ancient and Term paper writing modern, flesh and stone, and penetrable and impenetrable reveal that for earlier generations, it was anything but. 59 Moreover, fascination with the deceptive possibilities of the Write on a online sculptural surface, and the disjunction between a sculpture�s surface and it core, have remained a site of exploration for Dictionary homework help ilc contemporary artists. From Duane Hanson�s hyper-realistic sculptures from the 1970s and 80s, in which a lifelike skin created from Write paper online, fiberglass and june 2013 resin sometimes enfolds a meticulously crafted bronze cast, to paper online Kiki Smith�s flayed Virgin Mary (1992) which reduces the english mother of Christ her most carnal state, the sculptural surface toes the line between life and death and becomes a site where faith and science, and promise and horror, meet.

Aldrovandi, Alfredo, Mauro Matteini, Arcangelo Moles, Ulderico Santamaria, and Write on a Giuseppina Vigliano. � Apollo e Dafne : Indagini Scientifiche per Homework lo Studio delle Superfici.� In � Apollo e Dafne � del Bernini nella Galleria Borghese , edited by Kristina Herrmann Fiore and Araldo De Luca, 161-69. Milano: Silvana Editoriale, 1997. Arasse, Daniel. Write Paper! The Guillotine and the Terror . Rutgers Football! Translated by Christopher Miller. London: Allen Lane, The Penguin Press, 1989. Bagnani, Gilbert. �On Fakes and Forgeries.� Phoenix 14.4 (Winter 1960): 29. Barthes, Roland. Write Paper! �The Reality Effect.� Translated by Richard Howard. Rutgers Football! In The Rustle of Language , 141-48. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986. Baudelaire, Charles. �The Salon of 1846.� In Art in Paris, 1845-1862: Salons and Other Exhibitions , edited by on a Jonathan Mayne. 2nd ed., 41-120.

Landmarks in Art History. Oxford Oxfordshire: Phaidon, 1981. 1846. Beckford, Peter. Familiar Letters from help ilc, Italy, to a Friend in England . 2 vols. Salisbury: Printed and sold by online J. Easton, 1805.

Bignamini, Ilaria. �I Marmi Fagan in Vaticano: La Vendita del 1804 e Altre Acquisizioni.� Bolletino Monumenti, Musei e Gallerie Pontificie 16 (1996): 331-94. Bindman, David. Warm Flesh, Cold Marble: Canova, Thorvaldsen and Dictionary homework ilc Their Critics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014. Broughton, John Cam Hobhouse. Italy; Remarks Made in Several Visits, from the Year 1816 to 1854. Write! 2 vols.

London: J. Murray, 1859. Caracciolo, Elisabetta, and Elisabetta Zatti. �Il Restauro della Sala di Paolina Bonaparte = the Restoration of the Room of Paulina Bonaparte.� In � Venere Vincitrice�: La Sala di Paolina Bonaparte alla Galleria Borghese , edited by Claudio Strinati, 141-53, 215-19. Roma: Edizioni dell�Elefante, 1997. ���. �Il Restauro delle Sculture.� In � Apollo e Dafne � del Bernini nella Galleria Borghese , edited by Kristina Herrmann Fiore and Araldo De Luca, 149-59. Milano: Silvana Editoriale, 1997.

Carr, J. Xenia! L. �Pygmalion and Write on a the Philosophes : The Animated Statue in Eighteenth-Century France.� Journal of the my art cheap Warburg and paper Courtauld Institutes 23, no. 3/4 (Jul-Dec. 1960): 239-55. Catterson, Lynn. �Michelangelo�s Laocoon ?� Artibus et Historiae 52 (2005): 29-56. Cesareo, Antonello. �� He Had for Years the Guidance of the Taste in Rome�: Per un Profilo di Thomas Jenkins.� In Collezionisti, Disegnatori e Teorici dal Barocco al Neoclassico , edited by Elisa Debenedetti. Studi sul Settecento Romano; 25, 221-250. Rome: Bonsignori Editori, 2009. Chantelou, Paul Freart de.

Journal de Voyage du Cavalier Bernin en France . Edited by Milovan Stanic Paris: Macula-Insulaire, 2001. Cicognara, Leopoldo. Service Numbers! Biografia di Antonio Canova . Venezia: Editore Giambattista Missiaglia, 1823. Condillac, Etienne Bonnot de. Write Online! Condillac�s Treatise on the Sensations . Translated and edited by Margaret Geraldine Spooner Carr. London: The Favil Press, 1930. 1754. Condivi, Ascanio. Rutgers Essay Football! Vita di Michelangolo Buonarroti . Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1976.

1553. Creuze de Lesser, Augustin. Voyage en Italie et en Sicile, Fait en MDCCCI et MDCCCII . Paris: de l�Imprimerie de P. Didot l�Aine, 1806. d�Este, Antonio. Memorie di Antonio Canova . Edited by Paolo Mariuz. Bassano del Grappa: Istituto di ricerca per gli studi su Canova e il neoclassicismo, 1999. 1864.

Dennis, Kelly. Write On A Paper Online! Art/Porn: A History of Seeing and Touching . University Essay! Oxford and on a New York: Berg, 2009. Eaton, Charlotte A. Rome, in the Nineteenth Century; Containing a Complete Account of the Ruins of the Ancient City, the Remains of the Middle Ages, and Social studies the Monuments of paper online Modern Times. Articles! 5th ed. 2 vols. On A! London: H. G. Football! Bohn, 1852.

1820. Fabre, Victorin. �Salon de peinture. Write On A Online! Huitieme article. Ilc! Sculptures.� Mercure de France, journal historique, politique et litteraire (24 Decembre 1808): 603-12. Farago, Claire J., ed. Leonardo da Vinci�s Paragone: A Critical Interpretation with a New Edition of the Write on a online Text in essay football schedule the Codex Urbinas.

Leiden and New York: E.J. Brill, 1992. Fardella, Paola. Antonio Canova a Napoli: Tra Collezionismo e Mercato. On A Paper Online! Napoli: Paparo, 2002.

Ferando, Christina. �Staging Neoclassicism: Antonio Canova�s Exhibition Strategies for studies help Triumphant Perseus .� In Das Originale der Kopie: Kopien als Produkte und Medien der Transformation von Antike , edited by Tatjana Bartsch, Marcus Becker, Horst Bredekamp and Charlotte Schreiter. Collaborative Research Centre, 139-63. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2010. Fernow, Carl Ludwig. �Account of the Life and Works of M. Canova, the Celebrated Italian Sculptor.� The Monthly Magazine, or, British Register XXIV, no. Write On A Paper Online! 160 (August 1, 1807): 43-48. Ford, Brinsley. �Thomas Jenkins: Banker, Dealer and Unofficial English Agent.� Apollo 99, no. 148 (1974): 416-25. Forsyth, Joseph. Essay Schedule! Remarks on Antiquities, Arts, and Letters During an Excursion in Italy, in the Years 1802 and Write 1803 . Edited by Rutgers schedule Keith Crook.

London; Newark; Cranbury, NJ: University of Delaware Press; Associated University Presses, 2001. 1813. Herder, Johann Gottfried. Sculpture: Some Observations on Write Shape and Dictionary help ilc Form from on a, Pygmalion�s Creative Dream . Translated and edited by Jason Gaiger. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.

1778. Herrmann Fiore, Kristina. Homework Helpline! � Apollo e Dafne del Bernini al Tempo del Cardinale Scipione Borghese.� In � Apollo e Dafne � del Bernini nella Galleria Borghese , edited by Kristina Herrmann Fiore and paper Araldo De Luca, 71-109. Milano: Silvana Editoriale, 1997. Hersey, George L. Falling in Love with Statues: Artificial Humans from Dictionary ilc, Pygmalion to the Present. Write On A! Chicago: University of paper writing numbers Chicago Press, 2009. Honour, Hugh. �Canova�s Studio Practice II: 1791-1822.� The Burlington Magazine 114, no. 829 (April 1972): 214-29.

Kornmeier, Uta. Write Paper Online! �Almost Alive: The Spectacle of Verisimilitude in Madame Tussaud�s Waxworks.� In Ephemeral Bodies: Wax Sculpture and the Human Figure , edited by Roberta Panzanelli, 67-81. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Research Institute, 2008. Kotzebue, Augustus von. Travels through Italy in Rutgers university essay football schedule the Years 1804 and 1805 . 4 vols. Paper! London: Richard Phillips, 1806. Landes, Joan B. �Wax Fibers, Wax Bodies, and Moving Figures: Artifice and Nature in Eighteenth-Century Anatomy.� In Ephemeral Bodies: Wax Sculpture and the Human Figure , edited by Roberta Panzanelli, 41-65. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Research Institute, 2008. Lettere Familiari Inedite di Antonio Canova e di Giannantonio Selva.

Per le Nozze Persico-Papdopoli. Venezia: dal premiato stabilimento di G. Homework Helpline! Antonelli, 1835. Luke, Yvonne. Quatremere de Quincy�s Role in Write on a paper the Revival of Polychromy in Sculpture . Leeds: Centre for the Study of Sculpture, Henry Moore Institute, 1996. M.B. �Beaux-Arts. Salon de 1808. N. XVIII. Sculpture. M. Canova.� Journal de l�Empire (4 Janvier 1809): 1-4.

Matthews, Henry. The Diary of an Invalid, Being the Journal of a Tour in Pursuit of Health, in Portugal, Italy, Switzerland, and France, in the Years 1817, 1818, and 1819. 5th ed. My Art Paper Cheap! Paris: A. and W. Galignani and on a paper co., 1836. Memes, J. S. Custom June! Memoirs of Antonio Canova, with a Critical Analysis of His Works, and an Historical View of on a paper Modern Sculpture.

Edinburgh: A. Constable Co., 1825. �Memoir of paper numbers Antonio Canova [with a Portrait].� The New Monthly Magazine and Universal Register 13 (Jan. 1, 1820): 68-71. Missirini, Melchior. On A Online! Della Vita di Antonio Canova: Libri Quattro . Prato: per i Frat. Giachetti, 1824. Moore, Thomas. English 2013! Memoirs, Journal and paper online Correspondence of Thomas Moore . Write Paper! Edited by John Russell.

London: Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts, 1860. Nocca, Marco. �Un Dipinto Inedito di Antonio Canova Ritrovato a Propaganda Fide: l�Ezzelino da Romano (1793).� Bolletino Monumenti, Musei e Gallerie Pontificie 22 (2002): 109-36. Norman, Mark, and Richard Cook. ��Just a Tiny Bit of Rouge Upon the Lips and Cheeks�: Canova, Colour, and the Classical Ideal.� In Canova: Ideal Heads , edited by Katharine Eustace, 47-58. Oxford: Ashmolean Museum, 1997. Outram, Dorinda. The Body and the French Revolution: Sex, Class and Write paper Political Culture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.

Padiyar, Satish. Chains: David, Canova, and the Fall of the Public Hero in Postrevolutionary France . University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007. Panzanelli, Roberta. �Compelling Presence: Wax Effigies in studies articles Renaissance Florence.� In Ephemeral Bodies: Wax Sculpture and the Human Figure , edited by Roberta Panzanelli, 13-39. Write! Los Angeles, CA: Getty Research Institute, 2008. Pinelli, Antonio. �La Sfida Rispettosa di Antonio Canova. Custom! Genesi e Peripezie del �Perseo Trionfante�.� Ricerche di Storia dell�Arte 13/14 (1981): 21-40.

Pliny the on a online Elder. Natural History . Translated by H. Rackham (vols. 1-5, 9), W.H.S. Term Paper Service! Jones (vols. 6-8) and D.E. On A! Eichholz (vol. 10). Edited by H. Homework! Rackham, 10 vols. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Harvard University Press and William Heinemann, 1949-54. http://www.masseiana.org/pliny.htm#BOOK%20XXXV (accessed June 30, 2015). Potts, Alex. The Sculptural Imagination: Figurative, Modernist, Minimalist.

New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000. Quatremere de Quincy, Antoine-Chrysosthome. Le Jupiter Olympien, ou, l�Art de la sculpture antique considere sous un nouveau point de vue . Paris: de Bure Freres Libraires du Roi et de la Bibliotheque du Roi, 1815. ���. �Sur M. On A Online! Canova et les quatre ouvrages qu�on voit de lui a l�exposition publique de 1808: par M. Quatremere de Quinci [ sic ].� Gazette nationale ou le moniteur universel , no. 565 (Dec. Dictionary Homework! 28, 1808): 1428-30. Reynolds, Joshua. Discourses on Art . Edited by Robert R. On A Paper! Wark. Dictionary Homework! New Haven: Published for Write paper the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art Ltd. by Yale University Press, 1997.

Smith, Marquard. Write My Art Cheap! The Erotic Doll: A Modern Fetish . New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2013. Spinola, Giandomenico. �La Manipolazione dell�Antico tra Restauro e Falso: Esempi dai Musei Vaticani.� In Roma e l�Antico: Realta e Visione nel �700 , edited by Carolina Brook and on a paper online Valter Curzi, 51-58. Milano: Skira, 2010. Stoichita, Victor Ieronim. The Pygmalion Effect: From Ovid to Hitchcock . The Louise Smith Bross Lectures. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2008. Tadini, Faustino. Le Sculture e le Pitture di Antonio Canova Pubblicate Fino a quest�Anno 1795. Venezia: Dalla Stamperia Palese, 1796. Thiebault, Paul Charles Francois Adrien Henri Dieudonne.

Memoires du General B on Thiebault, publies sous les auspices de sa fille Claire Thiebault, d�apres le manuscrit original, par Fernand Calmettes. Term Writing Numbers! 7th ed. 5 vols. Write! Paris: E. Plon, Nourrit et C ie , 1893-1895. van Gastel, Joris. �Life, But Not as We Know It: Wax Images and the Denial of Death.� In Bildakt at Rutgers schedule the Warburg Institute , edited by Sabine Marienberg and Jurgen Trabant, 231-51. Berlin: Akademie Verlag 2014.

Varese, Ranieri. �Un Falso Giorgione e un Vero Canova.� In Mosaico: Temi e Metodi d�Arte e Critica per Gianni Carlo Sciolla , edited by Write on a online Rosanna Cioffi and Ornella Scognamiglio. Homework! Monumenta Documenta, 4; vol. 1, 353-362. Naples: Luciano Editore, 2012. Vitruvius. The Architecture of Marcus Vitruvius Pollio in Ten Books. Translated and edited by Write online Joseph Gwilt, 1826. http://lexundria.com/vitr/7.9/gw (accessed June 30, 2015). Warwick, Genevieve. Bernini: Art as Theatre . New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012. Wassyng Roworth, Wendy. Paper 2013! �Pulling Parrhasius�s Curtain: Trickery and Fakery in the Roman Art World.� In Regarding Romantic Rome , edited by Richard Wrigley, 17-37. Bern; New York: P. Lang, 2007.

Winckelmann, Johann Joachim. Write Paper Online! History of the Art of Antiquity . Translated by Harry Francis Mallgrave. Edited by english paper 2013 Alex Potts. Texts Documents. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2006. 1764. 1 Claire J. Farago, ed.

Leonardo da Vinci�s Paragone: A Critical Interpretation with a New Edition of the Text in Write on a paper the Codex Urbinas (Leiden and New York: E.J. Social Help Articles! Brill, 1992), 257. 2 Canova�s finishing techniques have received much attention recently. See, for instance, Hugh Honour, �Canova�s Studio Practice II: 1791-1822,� The Burlington Magazine 114, no. Write! 829 (April 1972): 218-19; Mark Norman and Richard Cook, ��Just a Tiny Bit of Rouge upon the Lips and Cheeks�: Canova, Colour, and the Classical Ideal,� in Canova: Ideal Heads , ed. Katharine Eustace (Oxford: Ashmolean Museum, 1997), 47-58; Alex Potts, The Sculptural Imagination: Figurative, Modernist, Minimalist (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000), esp. Custom June! �Surface Values,� 38-60; Satish Padiyar, Chains: David, Canova, and the Fall of the Public Hero in Postrevolutionary France (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007), 119�41; and, more recently, David Bindman, Warm Flesh, Cold Marble: Canova, Thorvaldsen and Their Critics (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014). 3 After a visit to Canova�s studio in online 1799, for instance, General Baron Thiebault remarked, �Une chose me surprit dans toutes ces statues, c�etait la difference de la teinte du marbre qui, dans le meme bloc, distinguait la chair et les vetements.

Je pensai que cette difference provenait de la maniere de piquer le marbre ou de le polir ; mais Canova me dit qu�il avait decouvert une espece de cire dont il faisait enduire toutes les parties representant les chairs, et que ce procede avait non seulement l�avantage de leur donner un veloute nouveau pour le marbre, mais encore de contribuer a preserver ces parties des effets de l�air.� Paul Charles Francois Adrien Henri Dieudonne Thiebault, Memoires du General B on Thiebault, publies sous les auspices de sa fille Claire Thiebault, d�apres le manuscrit original, par Fernand Calmettes , 7th ed., 5 vols. (Paris: E. Plon, Nourrit et C ie , 1893-1895), vol. 2, 549. 4 To use Alex Potts� phrase. See Potts, The Sculptural Imagination: Figurative, Modernist, Minimalist , 38-60. 5 See Roland Barthes, �The Reality Effect,� in The Rustle of Language , trans. Richard Howard (Berkeley: University of university essay football schedule California Press), 141-48. 6 For more on Write online Venus and Adonis , see the comments by Augustin Creuze de Lesser in Social articles note 54. On A Online! For the full passage recording Thiebault�s reaction to his visit to Canova�s studio, see note 3. 7 Joseph Forsyth, Remarks on Antiquities, Arts, and Letters During an Excursion in Italy, in Write my art paper cheap the Years 1802 and Write 1803 , ed. Keith Crook (1813; London; Newark; Cranbury, NJ: University of Delaware Press; Associated University Presses, 2001), 113.

8 For more on the different versions of Hebe , see Norman and Cook, ��Just a Tiny Bit of ilc Rouge upon the Lips and Cheeks�: Canova, Colour, and Write the Classical Ideal,� 51-52. 10 One interesting exception is Rutgers university essay football schedule, Canova�s statue of Paolina Borghese as Venus Victrix ; recent conservation has shown that Canova did not wax this particular work. See Elisabetta Caracciolo and Elisabetta Zatti, �Il Restauro della Sala di Paolina Bonaparte = the Restoration of the on a paper Room of Paulina Bonaparte,� in � Venere Vincitrice � : La Sala di Paolina Bonaparte alla Galleria Borghese, ed. Helpline Xenia! Claudio Strinati (Roma: Edizioni dell�Elefante, 1997), 216. 11 According to Write conservation reports, Apollo and Daphne received a waxy patina in the seventeenth century.

Whether it was applied by Bernini or not is the subject of helpline xenia some debate. See Kristina Herrmann Fiore, � Apollo e Dafne del Bernini al Tempo del Cardinale Scipione Borghese,� in paper � Apollo e Dafne � del Bernini nella Galleria Borghese , ed. Kristina Herrmann Fiore and Araldo de Luca (Milano: Silvana Editoriale, 1997), 98. For more on the physical condition of the sculpture and its surface, see the conservation reports in Elisabetta Caracciolo and Elisabetta Zatti, �Il Restauro delle Sculture,� ibid., esp. 152 and Alfredo Aldrovandi et al., � Apollo e Dafne : Indagini Scientifiche per Term paper writing service lo Studio delle Superfici,� ibid., 161-69. For Pluto and Proserpina, see Genevieve Warwick, Bernini: Art as Theatre (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012), 109. In his journal entry on August 13, 1665, Paul Freart de Chantelou noted the artist�s interest in the sculptural surface, particularly the way marble acquired a natural softness with time. See Paul Freart de Chantelou, Journal de voyage du Cavalier Bernin en France , ed.

Milovan Stanic (Paris: Macula-Insulaire, 2001), 116. 12 See Herrmann Fiore, � Apollo e Dafne del Bernini al Tempo del Cardinale Scipione Borghese,� 98 and Norman and Write on a paper online Cook, ��Just a Tiny Bit of Rouge upon the Lips and university schedule Cheeks�: Canova, Colour, and Write paper the Classical Ideal,� 50. 13 Two particularly egregious dealers were Thomas Jenkins and Robert Fagan. Social Studies Help! See Brinsley Ford, �Thomas Jenkins: Banker, Dealer and Unofficial English Agent,� Apollo 99, no. 148 (1974): 416-25 and Antonello Cesareo, ��He Had for Years the Guidance of the Taste in Rome�: Per un Profilo di Thomas Jenkins,� in: Collezionisti, Disegnatori e Teorici dal Barocco al Neoclassico , ed. Elisa Debenedetti, Studi sul Settecento Romano; 25 (Rome: Bonsignori Editori, 2009), 221-250. For more on on a paper online Fagan, see Ilaria Bignamini, �I Marmi Fagan in Vaticano: La Vendita del 1804 e Altre Acquisizioni,� Bolletino Monumenti, Musei e Gallerie Pontificie 16 (1996): 331-94. See also the documents in the Archivio di Stato, Roma, Camerale II, Antichita e Belle Arti, Busta 6, fasc.

175 which denounce Fagan for exporting objects from Rome without permission. 14 See Ascanio Condivi, Vita di Michelangolo Buonarroti (1553; Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1976), 9-12. For a fascinating discussion of Michelangelo as a potential forger, see Lynn Catterson, �Michelangelo�s Laocoon ?,� Artibus et Historiae 52 (2005): 29-56. 15 As quoted in studies help articles Honour, �Canova�s Studio Practice II: 1791-1822,� 219. 16 Noted by Thomas Moore in his diary entry of October 29, 1819, upon a visit to the Museo Pio-Clementino with the sculptor Sir Francis Legatt Chantrey. Thomas Moore, Memoirs, Journal and Correspondence of Thomas Moore , ed. John Russell (London: Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts, 1860), 235.

17 Augustus von Kotzebue, Travels through Italy in the Years 1804 and 1805 , 4 vols. (London: Richard Phillips, 1806), vol. 3, 158-59. 18 J. S. Write On A Paper Online! Memes, Memoirs of Antonio Canova, with a Critical Analysis of his Works, and an Historical View of Modern Sculpture (Edinburgh: A. Constable Co., 1825), 295-96. Leopoldo Cicognara likewise recounts this story. Leopoldo Cicognara, Biografia di Antonio Canova (Venezia: Editore Giambattista Missiaglia, 1823), 11-12. Antonio d�Este tells a slightly different version. According to his account, a French sculptor named Suasy often critiqued Canova�s style. One morning d�Este ran into Suasy while he was carrying casts the Minotaur�s arm and hand and Theseus� foot.

After Suasy saw them, not only did he beg to buy them, but he disdainfully suggested that d�Este bring them to Canova so that he might study and learn from the english june 2013 antique. D�Este gleefully replied that the pieces belonged to an original work by Canova himself�a prank that ended d�Este�s friendship with Suasy. Antonio d�Este, Memorie di Antonio Canova , ed. Paolo Mariuz (1864; Bassano del Grappa: Istituto di ricerca per gli studi su Canova e il neoclassicismo, 1999), 56-57, note 2. 19 That said, throughout his career, Canova often made sculptures that emulated well-known ancient works and exhibited his sculptures in ways that emphasized the comparison with the antique. Write Paper! See, for instance, Antonio Pinelli, �La Sfida Rispettosa di Antonio Canova. Genesi e Peripezie del �Perseo Trionfante�,� Ricerche di Storia dell�Arte 13/14 (1981): 421-38 and Christina Ferando, �Staging Neoclassicism: Antonio Canova�s Exhibition Strategies for Triumphant Perseus ,� in Das Originale der Kopie: Kopien als Produkte und Medien der Transformation von Antike , ed. Tatjana Bartsch, et al., Collaborative Research Centre (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2010), 139-63. 20 �Questo quadro resto per piu anni in xenia un angolo dello studio, finche per la patina della polvere e degli anni, prese aspetto di un vecchio quadro.� See d�Este, Memorie di Antonio Canova , 348. 21 Memes, Memoirs of Antonio Canova, with a Critical Analysis of Write on a online his Works, and an Historical View of Modern Sculpture , 374. See also d�Este, Memorie di Antonio Canova , 70 and Faustino Tadini, Le Sculture e le Pitture di Antonio Canova Pubblicate Fino a quest�Anno 1795 (Venezia: Dalla Stamperia Palese, 1796), 42.

Wendy Wassyng Roworth also explores the case of Rutgers essay Canova�s fake Giorgione, including the variations between the biographical accounts. She sets these in the broader context of literary and biographical portrayals of jokes and tricks played by artists and also stresses the importance that Venetian painting held in Rome at the time. See Wendy Wassyng Roworth, �Pulling Parrhasius�s Curtain: Trickery and Fakery in the Roman Art World,� in paper online Regarding Romantic Rome , ed. Richard Wrigley (Bern; New York: P. Xenia! Lang, 2007), 17-37. More recently, Ranieri Varese has made a similar argument that these accounts reiterate the importance Venetian art had for paper online Canova.

See Ranieri Varese, �Un Falso Giorgione e un Vero Canova,� in Mosaico: Temi e Metodi d�Arte e Critica per Gianni Carlo Sciolla , ed. Rosanna Cioffi and Ornella Scognamiglio, Monumenta Documenta; 4 (Naples: Luciano Editore, 2012), vol. 1, 353-362. 22 Gilbert Bagnani compares intentionally forged works with �fakes in reverse���that of objects or documents which, though undoubtedly not authentic, cannot be con�sidered either as fakes or as forgeries.� These works of art�copies, studies, hoaxes, parodies or exercises�were produced by artists and scholars for their own amusement or instruction, without the intention to deceive, and became �fakes� through ignorance and helpline the passage of Write on a paper online time. Canova�s Venus with a Mirror could conceivably fall into english paper june 2013 this category. See Gilbert Bagnani, �On Fakes and Forgeries,� Phoenix 14.4 (Winter 1960): 29. 23 �[. ] lo termina in modo, che sembrava un vecchio dipinto.� See d�Este, Memorie di Antonio Canova , 78 and Melchior Missirini, Della Vita di Antonio Canova: Libri Quattro (Prato: per paper online i Frat. Custom Paper June! Giachetti, 1824), 123. 24 For more accounts of Canova�s �fakes,� see Missirini, Della Vita di Antonio Canova: Libri Quattro , 123-25 and Write Memes, Memoirs of Antonio Canova, with a Critical Analysis of his Works, and Dictionary help ilc an Historical View of Modern Sculpture , 373-75.

25 For the reception in Naples of Write on a paper online Canova�s painting in the manner of Social studies help articles Giorgione, see the letters from Ranieri Calzabigi to Canova, April 18, 1795, and from Nicola Passeri to on a online Canova, April 23, 1795, cited in studies help articles Paola Fardella, Antonio Canova a Napoli: Tra Collezionismo e Mercato (Napoli: Paparo, 2002), 28, note 33 and 148-49, respectively. Write On A! For the rediscovery of Canova�s painting, see Marco Nocca, �Un Dipinto Inedito di Antonio Canova Ritrovato a Propaganda Fide: l�Ezzelino da Romano (1793),� Bolletino Monumenti, Musei e Gallerie Pontificie 22 (2002):109-36. Term Paper Writing Service Numbers! Canova then arranged for this painting to be sent to Write Venice, where it would be exhibited without revealing that he was the artist, in order to see how it was received. See the letter from Rutgers university schedule, Canova to Giannantonio Selva, May 14, 1796 and the reply from Write paper online, Giannantonio Selva to Canova, May 21, 1796. Term! The original letter from Canova to on a Selva is in the Biblioteca Correr (PD 529C), but it has been published (with some modifications) in Lettere Familiari Inedite di Antonio Canova e di Giannantonio Selva. Per le Nozze Persico-Papdopoli (Venezia: dal premiato stabilimento di G. Helpline Xenia! Antonelli, 1835), 14. On A! The letter from Selva to Canova was published in d�Este, Memorie di Antonio Canova , 369. 26 �Artists are chiefly supported by Rutgers essay football English travellers, who usually follow Mr.

GRAY�s advice, and buy every thing which is to on a paper be bought: and Homework helpline among other curiosities, copies for original pictures; and paper online antiques made on purpose for them. Would you buy pictures, beware of counterfeits, and remember Andrea . Medals will also be brought to you in quantities, which science requires some caution also. It is the rarity that fixes the value: you would not think, perhaps, that an Otho in copper, is Homework xenia, worth more than an Otho in gold. False pearls are made here in Write the greatest perfection. Homework Helpline Xenia! If not too large, they may pass at a distance for Write paper real ones, and at any rate will answer the purpose full as well. The pearls CLEOPATRA wore were esteemed at one hundred and sixty-one thousand four hundred and fifty-eight pounds.�How much better might that money have been employed!� Peter Beckford, Familiar Letters from Italy, to a Friend in England , 2 vols. (Salisbury: Printed and sold by J. Easton, 1805), vol. 2, 317-18.

27 Giandomenico Spinola, �La Manipolazione dell�Antico tra Restauro e Falso: Esempi dai Musei Vaticani,� in Roma e l�Antico: Realta e Visione nel �700 , ed. Carolina Brook and Rutgers university essay Valter Curzi (Milano: Skira, 2010), 52. 28 Emphasis added. He continues, ��.But many of the names given to online the marbles and bronzes in this quarter of the Capitol are more than questionable. The Duillian column is modern, and the fragments of inscriptions on it are copies; the colossal bronze fragments, said to belong to Social a statue of Commodus, are not certainly his. On A! The Geese called the saviours of the Capitol may be ancient, but they look like ducks. Studies Help! The Boy extracting the on a thorn is not what it is called, the Shepherd Martius; the Term writing service numbers bronze Junius Brutus is a baptism; the on a Caesar is a forgery; so are the Appius Claudius, the Mithridates, the Ariadne, the Sappho, the studies help articles Virgil, the Cicero, and the Popp?a. No such uncertainty attaches to the collection of Write online modern worthies on the Promoteca, many of them removed from the Pantheon; but most of the recent busts were supplied by the munificence of Canova.� John Cam Hobhouse Broughton, Italy; Remarks Made in Several Visits, from the essay schedule Year 1816 to 1854 , 2 vols. Write On A Online! (London: J. Help! Murray, 1859), vol. 2, 39.

29 �Ces accessoires, ainsi colores, me semblent faire une disparate choquante avec le reste de la statue [�].� Victorin Fabre, �Salon de peinture. Huitieme article. Sculptures,� Mercure de France, journal historique, politique et litteraire (24 Decembre 1808): 604. For the rest of the citation, see note 39. On A! Fabre�s reaction was based in part on the polychromy and in part on the luxuriousness of the bronze, which was at Social studies help odds with Magdalene�s pious renunciation of worldly goods. 30 See Antoine-Chrysosthome Quatremere de Quincy, Le Jupiter Olympien, ou, l�art de la sculpture antique considere sous un nouveau point de vue (Paris: de Bure Freres Libraires du Roi et de la Bibliotheque du Roi, 1815). For more on Quatremere�s interest in polychromy, see Yvonne Luke, Quatremere de Quincy�s Role in the Revival of Polychromy in Sculpture (Leeds: Centre for the Study of Sculpture, Henry Moore Institute, 1996). 31 �Quelques-uns se sont recries sur l�emploi que M. Paper! Canova a fait d�un peu de dorure dans l�enjolivement de la ceinture de son Hebe, et sur l�application du metal dore a quelques-uns de ses accessoires.

Cette critique ne peut etre faite serieusement que par des personnes peu versees dans la connaissance historique de la sculpture antique, ou qui ne se sont forme l�idee de toutes les varietes que par un petit nombre de marbres. Social Articles! L�habitude d�introduire soit des couleurs, soit des matieres diverses dans les statues, fait une des habitudes favorites de l�antiquite. Write On A! S�il le fallait, on prouverait que loin de ramener l�art vers le mauvais gout des tems barbares; cet essai de M. Social Help! Canova le rapproche au contraire, et de la maniere et des ertemens pratiques par les maitres des plus beaux siecles de la Grece. On A! Sans doutes, et on l�avouera sans peine, ce n�est pas par-la que le statuaire doit ambitionner le don de plaire. Si beaucoup de marbres antiques portent encore des marques d�une parure etrangere a leur matiere, si la Venus de Medecis, par exemple, eut les cheveux dores, on paper n�en concluera point qu�il faille imiter par-la l�antique. Paper! Mais si ces licenses qui peuvent etre subordonnes au gout, sont autorisees par une multitude d�exemples, on en concluera, et que M. Canova a pu se les permettre dans un sujet leger, et que si on l�en blame, ce ne doit pas etre sur-tout par les motifs qu�on a allegues.� Antoine-Chrysosthome Quatremere de Quincy, �Sur M. Dictionary Help Ilc! Canova et les quatre ouvrages qu�on voit de lui a l�exposition publique de 1808: par M. Quatremere de Quinci [ sic ],� Gazette nationale ou le moniteur universel , no. 565 (Dec. 28, 1808): 1429. 32 In Pliny�s Natural History , for instance, he cites Praxiteles� admiration for the painter Nicias, who also painted Praxiteles� own sculptures. Vitruvius, on paper online the other hand, suggests wax was used to tint marble sculptures. See Pliny the Elder, Natural History , ed.

H. Rackham, trans. H. Rackham (vols. 1-5, 9), W.H.S. University Football! Jones (vols. Paper! 6-8), and D.E. Eichholz (vol. 10), 10 vols. (Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Harvard University Press and William Heinemann, 1949-54), XXXV, lx, http://www.masseiana.org/pliny.htm#BOOK%20XXXV (accessed June 30, 2015) and Vitruvius, The Architecture of Marcus Vitruvius Pollio in Ten Books , ed. and trans. Joseph Gwilt, 1826, VII, 9, 3, http://lexundria.com/vitr/7.9/gw (accessed June 30, 2015).

33 �Elle tient a la main une coupe doree, idee que je n�approuve rien, quoique les anciens l�aient eue souvent. Du moment qu�on admet deux couleurs dans la sculpture, il faut les admettre toutes. Homework! Des que vois me montrez une coupe d�or, je trouve difforme et avec raison une bouche toute blanche, des yeux tout blancs: en un mot une seule couleur, ou toutes les couleurs.� Augustin Creuze de Lesser, Voyage en Italie et en Sicile, fait en MDCCCI et MDCCCII (Paris: de l�Imprimerie de P. Didot l�Aine, 1806), 313. 34 �Le bandeau des cheveux de la Deesse [ Hebe ], l�aiguiere et la coupe qu�elle teint dans ses mains, sont de couleur d�or; les parties nues de la statue sont impregnees d�une preparation de soufre et de cire, qui leur donne une teinte jaunatre et un reflet assez semblable a celui des corps demi-diaphanes, comme certaines partes de l�albatre: cet encaustique a meme sur quelques parties du visage une couleur legerement rosee; et cependant les draperies conservent la blancheur naturelle du marbre. Ce sont ces petits artifices que nous eussions pu remarquer plus tot, en parlant de la Madeleine et du groupe de Psyche, que l�on reproche au chevalier Canova, comme peu dignes de la gravite de la statuaire. En admirant l�adresse et la discretion avec laquelle il les emploie, on craint que l�abus n�en devienne un jour funeste. On invite les sculpteurs a repousser une pretendue innovation, qui n�est en effet que le raffinement du procede ordinaire aux artistes des siecles de barbarie: toutes ces observations me semblent forte justes.

Les anciens ont employe l�or, l�argent, les pierreries, la marqueterie dans quelques-unes de leurs statues de marbre. Les anciens n�ont-ils pas eu aussi leurs ages d�ignorance et leurs siecles d�un luxe barbare? Nous ne voyons pas cette bigarrure dans ceux de leurs plus beaux ouvrages que le temps a respectes; et quel elle s�y trouveroit, cette autorite ne sauroit prevaloir contre le bon sens et la raison. A la vu d�un ouvrage de sculpture, nous nous figurons le sujet represente sons un seul de ses rapports, celui de la solidite. Cette seule propriete, imitee plus ou moins parfaitement, suffit pour nous donner une idee distincte du sujet entier; et elle satisfait si bien notre esprit, qu�a peine nous nous apercevons de l�absence de toutes les autres. Cependant, que par un soin imprudent l�artiste accorde a quelque partie de sa statue une de ces autres proprietes qui manquent a tout le reste, nous sommes frappes de la difference; et notre pensee, d�abord tout occupee d�un seul objet, prend un autre tour. La blancheur du lin, si facilement imitee par la blancheur du marbre, nous fera songer a l�inimitable couleur de la chair. Le diademe, brillant d�or veritable, accusera la feinte impuissante de l�art a l�egard des cheveux.

Et que le sculpteur egare dans cette fausse voie n�espere pas s�en tirer en poursuivant: au bout est le terme fatal de l�art. � M.B., �Beaux-Arts. Salon de 1808. Write Paper Online! N. XVIII. Sculpture. M. Canova,� 3-4. 35 �Again�there is a trickery and quackery in the finishing of Canova�s statues, which is below the dignity of Write term paper cheap a sculptor.

The marble is online, not left in its natural state�but it must be stained and polished to aid the effect. The other sculptors laugh at this, and well they may;�for these adventitious graces soon fade away, and are beside the purpose of Dictionary ilc sculpture, whose end was, and Write on a is, to university represent form alone.� Henry Matthews, The Diary of an Invalid, Being the Write on a Journal of Term paper a Tour in Pursuit of Health, in Write paper Portugal, Italy, Switzerland, and France, in the Years 1817, 1818, and 1819 , 5th ed. (Paris: A. and W. Homework Ilc! Galignani and co., 1836), 89. 36 See note 37 for the full text. M.B., �Beaux-Arts. Salon de 1808.

N. On A Online! XVIII. Sculpture. M. Canova,� 3-4. 37 The anonymous writer of The New Monthly Magazine cited these criticisms, but ultimately defended Canova�s work. �Canova has been blamed by some critics for endeavouring to impart to his statues an Dictionary homework help ilc air of Write paper online reality, and of heightening their resemblance to nature by artificial means unconnected with the cheap province of sculpture: namely by colouring the eyes, lips c., a practice quite unusual among modern sculptors. On A! This, however, he manages with so much delicacy, that it is scarcely perceptible, and if it do not, as many maintain, impart an additional charm to xenia the statue, it is at least certain that Canova never suffers the Write on a paper online colouring to obtrude so as to become offensive to the eye.� �Memoir of Antonio Canova [with a Portrait],� The New Monthly Magazine and Universal Register 13 (Jan. Term Paper Numbers! 1, 1820): 71. 38 �Canova strives, by Write paper the kind of polish which he gives to his works, to produce in Homework xenia the spectator an impression corresponding with that which the subject of his compositions ought to inspire.

He gives to the marble the Write on a online appearance of a soft and delicate substance, and when it has received the last polish, by means of the pumice-stone, he makes use of english 2013 a mordant, to Write online diminish its whiteness, and to give it somewhat of a yellowish tint. Dictionary Homework Help Ilc! The connoisseurs who love to on a paper find in a statue the Homework helpline xenia beauty of the form designed with the Write online utmost possible purity, do not approve of this process, by which it would seem to be impaired; but it is expressly calculated to heighten the pleasure of the amateur, who is more susceptible of enthusiasm, and frequently measures the perfection of a work by paper writing service numbers the degree of satisfaction which it affords him.� English translation from Carl Ludwig Fernow, �Account of the Life and Works of M. On A Paper Online! Canova, the Term paper numbers Celebrated Italian Sculptor,� The Monthly Magazine, or, British Register XXIV, no. 160 (August 1, 1807): 47. 39 �Cet habile statuaire [Canova] se sert, avec beaucoup d�adresse, d�un moyen peu usite, pour donner plus de douceur a ses chairs et les mieux distinguer des draperies. Il jaunit le marbre dans le nu, et lui laisse sa couleur naturelle dans les etoffes. Les avis peuvent etre partages sur cette espece d�innovation, mais M. Canova est alle plus loin encore : on trouve dans ses statues d�autres accessoires representes en couleur; telles sont la coupe d�or de son Hebe , la croix de roseau de sa Madelaine . Ces accessoires ainsi colores, me semblent faire une disparate choquante avec le reste de la statue, oter a la vraisemblance et a l�illusion de l�ensemble plus peut-etre qu�ils n�ajoutent a la verites des details; et je crois qu�un tel usage, dont il serait si facile a des imitateurs maladroits d�abuser, pourrait, s�il venait un jour a s�etablir, alterer enfin la noble simplicite, la franchise de composition, et meme de style qui doivent former toujours le principal caractere des grands ouvrages de sculpture.� Fabre, �Salon de peinture.

Huitieme article. Sculptures,� 604. 40 �If the Write on a paper business of Sculpture were to Social administer pleasure to ignorance, or a mere entertainment to the senses, the online Venus of Medicis might certainly receive much improvement by colour; but the character of Sculpture makes it her duty to Write my art cheap afford delight of a different, and, perhaps, of a higher kind; the delight resulting from the contemplation of perfect beauty: and this, which is in truth an Write paper intellectual pleasure, is in many respects incompatible with what is merely addressed to the senses.� Joshua Reynolds, Discourses on Art , ed. Robert R. Wark (New Haven: Published for university schedule the Paul Mellon Centre for on a paper online Studies in British Art Ltd. by Yale University Press, 1997), 176-77. 41 Johann Gottfried Herder, Sculpture: Some Observations on Shape and Form from Pygmalion�s Creative Dream , ed. and trans. Dictionary Help Ilc! Jason Gaiger (1778; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002), 54. 42 Johann Joachim Winckelmann, History of the Art of Antiquity , ed.

Alex Potts, trans. Harry Francis Mallgrave, Texts Documents (1764; Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2006), 195. 43 Charlotte A. Eaton, Rome, in the Nineteenth Century; Containing a Complete Account of the Ruins of the Ancient City, the Remains of the Middle Ages, and Write paper online the Monuments of Modern Times , 5th ed., 2 vols. (1820; London: H. Custom English Paper June 2013! G. Bohn, 1852), vol. Write On A Paper! 2, 301. 44 This interest in Write animation remained powerful well into the nineteenth century. Recent scholarship which has explored the Write issue includes J. L. Social Articles! Carr, �Pygmalion and online the Philosophes : the Animated Statue in Eighteenth-Century France,� Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 23, no. June 2013! 3/4 (Jul-Dec. 1960): 239-55; Victor Ieronim Stoichita, The Pygmalion Effect: From Ovid to Hitchcock , The Louise Smith Bross Lectures (Chicago: The University of Write paper online Chicago Press, 2008); Kelly Dennis, Art/Porn: A History of Seeing and help Touching (Oxford and Write on a online New York: Berg, 2009), esp. Paper Service Numbers! 37-53; George L. Hersey, Falling in Love with Statues: Artificial Humans from Pygmalion to the Present (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009); and Marquard Smith, The Erotic Doll: A Modern Fetish (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2013). 45 See Hersey, Falling in Love with Statues: Artificial Humans from Pygmalion to Write on a the Present , 99-102 and Smith, The Erotic Doll: A Modern Fetish , 39. 46 �For this purpose, we imagined a statue constructed internally like ourselves, and helpline xenia animated by a mind which as yet had no ideas of any kind.

We supposed the marble exterior of the statue to prevent the use of its senses, and we reserved to ourselves the paper right to open them at will to the different impressions of which they are susceptible.� Etienne Bonnot de Condillac, Condillac�s �Treatise on the Sensations� , ed. and trans. Margaret Geraldine Spooner Carr (1754; London: The Favil Press, 1930), xxx-xxxi. 47 As cited in helpline xenia Hersey, Falling in Love with Statues: Artificial Humans from Pygmalion to the Present , 102. 48 O vid, Metamorphoses, trans. Anthony S. Kline, Book X, 243-297, �Orpheus Sings: Pygmalion and the Statue,� http://ovid.lib.virginia.edu/trans/Metamorph10.htm (accessed June 30, 2015). 50 Some contemporary reports suggest that Corday was not, in fact, slapped. Regardless of the historical accuracy of the account, the online image entered the entered public imagination and helpline was still actively discussed for several years after her execution. For more details, see Dorinda Outram, The Body and paper online the French Revolution: Sex, Class and Political Culture (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989), 118-20. 52 Daniel Arasse, The Guillotine and the Terror , trans. Christopher Miller (London: Allen Lane, The Penguin Press, 1989), esp.

37-42. 53 Letter from Lucchesi Palli to Canova, n.d. [1795]. Write My Art Term! �Il marmo e trattato con tale industria, che la superficie sembra positivamente l�epiderma del corpo umano e si sarebbe tentati pungerla con una spilla per vedere se ne uscisse il sangue.� Cited in Fardella, Antonio Canova a Napoli: Tra Collezionismo e Mercato , 145. 54 �J�ai vu a Naples un autre essai de ce systeme de Canova, et beaucoup moins heureux encore a mon avis ; c�est dans un grouppe de Venus et Adonis. Venus est nue ; mais quand j�entrai dans la piece ou est ce grouppe, je fus desagreablement frappe d�une large bande, blanc de neige, qui entouroit la ceinture de cette deesse. Je crus que c�etoit une linge dont une pudeur assez ridicule l�avoit couverte, et je priai qu�on l�otat ; mais en m�approchant je vis que Canova avoit profite, pour masquer un peu sa Venus, d�une variete de teinte qui existoit dans la blancheur du marbre. Write! Je me demandai ce que ce linge avoit la a faire aupres d�Adonis ; de plus un linge blanc me montra tout de suite une Venus toute grise. Au reste ce qui auroit du me detromper tout de suite, c�est que ce linge est pose tellement qu�a moins de supposer qu�il tient par des epingles a la personne meme de Venus, il est impossible qu�il tienne; mais aussi Venus est dans une disposition si tendre qu�on peut supposer que dans ce moment la le voile alloit achever de tomber.� Creuze de Lesser, Voyage en Italie et en Sicile, fait en MDCCCI et MDCCCII , 313-14. 55 �Quand M. Canova lui-meme emprunterait la palette du Titien, pour ajouter dans toutes les parties de ses figures la couleur a la forme, l�imitation parfaite de ses deux proprietes ne serviroit qu�a faire sentir plus vivement l�absence d�une troisieme. Custom Paper 2013! Ces simulacres d�hommes, auxquels il ne manqueroit plus rien que la vie, seroient par cela seul un objet horrible. Sans doute M. Canova est loin, bien loin de cet exces de barbarie ; cependant je ne crois pas que la teinte, assez forte, de carmin qu�il a donne a l�interieur de la bouche de son Hebe, soit aux yeux de personne d�un effet agreable; et l�analogie est assez grande entre ce procede et celui que nous venons de supposer, pour justifier les reproches ou du moins les craints des amis des arts.� M.B., �Beaux-Arts.

Salon de 1808. Write Paper! N. Term Paper Writing Service Numbers! XVIII. Sculpture. M. Canova,� 4. 56 See, for instance, Roberta Panzanelli, �Compelling Presence: Wax Effigies in Write paper online Renaissance Florence,� in Dictionary homework help ilc Ephemeral Bodies: Wax Sculpture and the Human Figure , ed. Roberta Panzanelli (Los Angeles, CA: Getty Research Institute, 2008), 13-39 and Joris van Gastel, �Life, But Not as We Know It: Wax Images and the Denial of paper Death,� in Bildakt at the Warburg Institute , ed. Sabine Marienberg and Jurgen Trabant (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2014), 231-51. 57 Uta Kornmeier, �Almost Alive: The Spectacle of Verisimilitude in Madame Tussaud�s Waxworks,� in Ephemeral Bodies: Wax Sculpture and the Human Figure , ed. Dictionary Help Ilc! Roberta Panzanelli (Los Angeles, CA: Getty Research Institute, 2008), 67-81. 58 Joan B. Landes, �Wax Fibers, Wax Bodies, and Moving Figures: Artifice and Write on a paper online Nature in Eighteenth-Century Anatomy,� ibid., 41-65.

59 Charles Baudelaire, �The Salon of 1846,� Art in Paris, 1845-1862: Salons and Other Exhibitions , ed. Term Numbers! Jonathan Mayne, 2nd ed., Landmarks in Art History (1846; Oxford Oxfordshire: Phaidon, 1981) 111. Christina Ferando , � The Deceptive Surface: Perception and Sculpture�s �Skin� �, Images Re-vues [En ligne], 13 | 2016, mis en ligne le 15 janvier 2017, consulte le 05 octobre 2017. URL : http://imagesrevues.revues.org/3931. Christina Ferando is the Dean of Jonathan Edwards College at paper online Yale University. Homework Helpline! A specialist in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century art, she has held teaching positions at Williams College and Columbia University, where she received her Ph.D. Her research has been funded by grants and fellowships from institutions such as The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harvard University, the Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, and the American Academy in Rome, among others.

She has published extensively on the artist Antonio Canova in edited volumes and paper online journals including Word Image , The Burlington Magazine , and The Journal of Art Historiography . She is Homework helpline xenia, currently completing a book-length manuscript on Write on a online the sculptor, tentatively titled Canova in Conversation: Sculpture, Dialogue and Display in the Early Nineteenth Century. Chargement des illustrations. Supports Hors-serie 5 | 2016. Apres le tournant iconique 12 | 2014. Arts de l'oubli 11 | 2013.

Des categories a l'?uvre Hors-serie 4 | 2013. Survivance d'Aby Warburg 10 | 2012. Inactualite de l'ornement Hors-serie 3 | 2012. �Iter� et �locus�. Lieu rituel et agencement du decor sculpte dans les eglises romanes d'Auvergne 9 | 2011. Parente en images 8 | 2011. Figurer les invisibles Hors-serie 2 | 2010. L'histoire de l'art depuis Walter Benjamin 7 | 2009.

Paysages sonores 6 | 2009. Devenir-animal 5 | 2008. L'image-evenement Hors-serie 1 | 2008. Traditions et temporalites des images 4 | 2007. Objets mis en signe 3 | 2006. Hommage a Daniel Arasse 2 | 2006. L'image abimee 1 | 2005. ISSN electronique 1778-3801.

Informations Titre : Images re-vues Histoire, anthropologie et theorie de l'art En bref : Revue consacree a l'histoire, l'anthropologie, la theorie des arts et des images.

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14 Skills and Values Employers Seek in Jobseekers. by Randall S. Hansen, Ph.D., and Katharine Hansen, Ph.D. Job Skills to list on your Resume. Deals with acting in a responsible and fair manner in all your personal and work activities, which is seen as a sign of maturity and self-confidence; avoid being petty. How to describe this skill on your resume: Conscientious go-getter who is Write paper, highly organized, dedicated, and committed to professionalism. Employers probably respect personal integrity more than any other value, especially in light of the many recent corporate scandals. How to describe this skill on your resume: Seasoned professional whose honesty and integrity create effective leadership and optimal business relationships. Deals with openness to Term paper writing numbers, new ideas and concepts, to working independently or as part of a team, and to carrying out multiple tasks or projects. How to on a paper, describe this skill on your resume: Highly adaptable, mobile, positive, resilient, patient risk-taker who is open to Term paper writing service numbers, new ideas.

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Use our free samples, templates, and writing guides and our easy-to-use resume builder software to help land the job you want. Dr. Randall S. Hansen. Dr. Randall S. Hansen is founder of Quintessential Careers, one of the oldest and most comprehensive career development sites on the Web, as well CEO of EmpoweringSites.com.

He is also founder of MyCollegeSuccessStory.com and EnhanceMyVocabulary.com. He is publisher of Quintessential Careers Press, including the Quintessential Careers electronic newsletter, QuintZine. Dr. Hansen is also a published author, with several books, chapters in books, and hundreds of articles. He�s often quoted in the media and Rutgers university conducts empowering workshops around the country. Finally, Dr.

Hansen is also an educator, having taught at the college level for more than 15 years. Visit his personal Website or reach him by email at randall@quintcareers.com. Check out Dr. Hansen on GooglePlus. Katharine Hansen, Ph.D., creative director and Write paper online associate publisher of Quintessential Careers, is an educator, author, and Social studies articles blogger who provides content for Quintessential Careers, edits QuintZine, an Write on a paper electronic newsletter for paper 2013, jobseekers, and blogs about storytelling in the job search at A Storied Career. Paper? Katharine, who earned her PhD in organizational behavior from Union Institute University, Cincinnati, OH, is author of help, Dynamic Cover Letters for New Graduates and A Foot in the Door: Networking Your Way into the Hidden Job Market (both published by Ten Speed Press), as well as Top Notch Executive Resumes (Career Press); and online with Randall S. Hansen, Ph.D., Dynamic Cover Letters, Write Your Way to Dictionary homework, a Higher GPA (Ten Speed), and The Complete Idiot�s Guide to Study Skills (Alpha). Visit her personal Website or reach her by e-mail at kathy@quintcareers.com. Write On A Paper? Check out Dr.

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Focus and Precision: How to Write Essays that Answer the Write paper online, Question. Stephanie Allen read Classics and writing numbers English at St Hugh�s College, Oxford, and is currently researching a PhD in Early Modern Academic Drama at the University of Fribourg. We�ve all been there. You�ve handed in an essay and on a paper you think it�s pretty great: it shows off all your best ideas, and contains points you�re sure no one else will have thought of. You�re not totally convinced that what you�ve written is relevant to the title you were given � but it�s inventive, original and good.

In fact, it might be better than anything that would have responded to the question. But your essay isn�t met with the lavish praise you expected. When it�s tossed back onto your desk, there are huge chunks scored through with red pen, crawling with annotations like little red fire ants: �IRRELEVANT�; �A bit of a tangent!�; �. �; and, right next to your best, most impressive killer point: �Right� so?�. The grade your teacher has scrawled at the end is nowhere near what your essay deserves. In fact, it�s pretty average. And the comment at the bottom reads something like, �Some good ideas, but you didn�t answer the Social studies help, question!�. If asked a question about Keats, you should write about Keats. If this has ever happened to you (and it has happened to me, a lot), you�ll know how deeply frustrating it is � and how unfair it can seem. Online. This might just be me, but the exhausting process of researching, having ideas, planning, writing and re-reading makes me steadily more attached to the ideas I have, and the things I�ve managed to put on Write paper, the page. Each time I scroll back through what I�ve written, or planned, so far, I become steadily more convinced of its brilliance. What started off as a scribbled note in the margin, something extra to think about Write paper online or to pop in if it could be made to Dictionary ilc fit the argument, sometimes comes to be backbone of a whole essay � so, when a tutor tells me my inspired paragraph about Ted Hughes�s interpretation of mythology isn�t relevant to my essay on Keats, I fail to see why.

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It�s fine to conclude that a question can�t be answered in black and white, certain terms � as long as you have a firm structure, and keep referring back to it throughout the essay). The final question asks you to respond to a quotation. Paper. Students tend to find these sorts of helpline questions the most difficult to answer, but once you�ve got the online, hang of them I think the title does most of the work for june, you � often implicitly providing you with a structure for your essay. The first step is Write on a online, breaking down the quotation into its constituent parts- the different things it says. I use brackets: ( Within Macbeth �s representation of the witches, ) ( there is profound ambiguity ) about the Social studies, ( actual significance ) ( and power ) of ( their malevolent intervention ) Examiners have a nasty habit of picking the most bewildering and terrifying-sounding quotations: but once you break them down, they�re often asking for something very simple. This quotation, for Write online, example, is asking exactly the same thing as the other questions. The trick here is service, making sure you respond to on a online all the different parts. You want to make sure you discuss the following: Do you agree that the status of the Term paper numbers, witches� �malevolent intervention� is ambiguous? What is its significance?

How powerful is it? James I, the King of England and Scotland at the time Macbeth was written, famously wrote �Daemonologie�, which encourages the practice of witch-hunting. Having worked out exactly what the question is asking, write out a plan (which should be very detailed in Write online a coursework essay, but doesn�t have to be more than a few lines long in an exam context) of the material you�ll use in each paragraph. Make sure your plan contains a sentence at the end of each point about Write my art term how that point will answer the question. A point from my plan for on a paper, one of the topics above might look something like this: To what extent are we supposed to believe in the three witches in Macbeth ? Hypothesis: The witches� role in Macbeth�s downfall is Social articles, deliberately unclear. On A Online. Their claim to reality is Homework xenia, uncertain � finally, they�re part of an Write uncertain tragic universe and the great illusion of the theatre. At the time Shakespeare wrote Macbeth , there were many examples of paper people being burned or drowned as witches There were also people who claimed to be able to exorcise evil demons from online, people who were �possessed�. Catholic Christianity leaves much room for the supernatural to exist This suggests that Shakespeare�s contemporary audience might, more readily than a modern one, have believed that witches were a real phenomenon and did exist. My final sentence (highlighted in red) shows how the material discussed in the paragraph answers the Social studies help, question. Writing this out at Write, the planning stage, in addition to clarifying your ideas, is a great test of whether a point is relevant: if you struggle to write the sentence, and make the connection to help the question and larger argument, you might have gone off-topic.

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Contemporary suspicion that witches did exist, testified to by witch-hunts and xenia exorcisms, is crucial to our understanding of the witches in Macbeth. To the early modern consciousness, witches were a distinctly real and dangerous possibility � and the witches in the play would have seemed all-the-more potent and Write on a online terrifying as a result. The best way to get really good at university, making sure you always �answer the question� is to write essay plans rather than whole pieces. Set aside a few hours, choose a couple of essay questions from past papers, and for each: Write a hypothesis Write a rough plan of what each paragraph will contain Write out the first and last sentence of each paragraph. You can get your teacher, or a friend, to look through your plans and on a online give you feedback. If you follow this advice, fingers crossed, next time you hand in an essay, it�ll be free from red-inked comments about articles irrelevance, and instead showered with praise for the precision with which you handled the topic, and Write on a online how intently you focused on answering the question. It can seem depressing when your perfect question is just a minor tangent from the question you were actually asked, but trust me � high praise and good marks are all found in answering the university essay schedule, question in front of you, not the one you would have liked to see. Teachers do choose the questions they set you with some care, after all; chances are the question you were set is the more illuminating and rewarding one as well. 40 Responses to Write paper online �Focus and Precision: How to Write Essays that Answer the Term, Question� August 21, 2014 at 8:22 am, Kristen Webster said:

I have been reading your articles on better essay writing and I am wondering whether you can provide an example of a well written essay please? August 21, 2014 at 11:59 am, ORA Admin said: We haven�t produced any sample essays ourselves. However, there is a huge amount available online � the on a paper, Student Room�s sample essays might be a good place to start. We hope this helps. January 20, 2015 at xenia, 1:54 am, kot said: Thank you this was very helpful! March 18, 2015 at 7:56 am, Kos cahe said:

How do you answer a �to what extend� essay question? March 18, 2015 at on a paper online, 12:34 pm, ORA Admin said: A �to what extent� essay question is effectively a �yes or no� essay question that�s phrased in a more helpful way. Term Paper Service Numbers. For example: To what extent did his desire for a son influence Henry VIII�s decision to break from the Catholic Church?

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