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Last/Ats-W: How to Prepare for the Liberal Arts and Sciences Test Assessment of Teaching Skills-Written, with an Introduction to t (Barron#039;s NYSTCE) Book by Postman, Robert D. not at all like the Writing for students real LAST and full of egregious errors. A Customer on Nov 03, 1999. Write Personal. I read every section of this book pertaining to services the LAST exam and took all the practice quizzes and tests. Not only did I find the book frustrating (because of numerous errors in the practices quizzes/tests and some truly absurd statements in the review material) but once I took the My admission actual exam I felt like I had wasted a whole lot of time using the book. Writing Services For Students. The actual test is far more intense than any of the sample questions in Postman's book would lead you to believe. I daresay the LAST is Science, a test that you really can't study for Writing for students, -- you just have to have payed attention throughout all of your schooling and had better have a really good command of the for college English language in all its subtleties. The LAST is, more than anything else, a test of your ability to read carefully and draw insightful, logical conclusions about a huge array of topics. All those high school math topics that I agonized over Writing for students, while studying this book didn't help me one iota when I took the test.

The brief test preparation guide that I ordered directly from the NYS Education Department was what really prepared me for the type of Find someone uk questions I would see on the LAST. (As for the kind of errors I found. see for Writing, instance page 244: a piano is Work or lowes price, a percussion instrument! like a symbol is! I sincerely hope that, for the sake of their own credibility, Barron's will send this book back through the editorial process before publishing any further editions.) Pased with a Nearly Perfect Score. A Customer on Aug 10, 2001. I used this book to for students successfully pass the LAST with a nearly perfect score. The multiple choice part of the essay writing marathi LAST is primarily a test of reading comprehension in subject areas like social studies and science, with some art, graphing and a few other things thrown in.

It is not test of your knowledge. The practice tests in the book were very much like the actual test I took. This book gives excellent study tips and Writing services for students, steps for writing the Paper review criteria essay. The subject review chapters emphasize that they should be used to learn how to read and answer questions in Writing services, these subject areas. I think this is the essay writing key to this test. I recommend this book if you are preparing for for students, the LAST.

By Deliutz on Sep 10, 2002. Find Address Uk. I used this book to prepare for LAST and ATS-W, and I passed with very good scores. It took me about a month to prepare for for students, both at Paper review criteria the same time. I liked especially the reviews and essay writing instructions - you have there everything you need to know, clearly stated, without unnecessary embellishments. Very easy to digest and memorize. The book also contains two practice LAST tests and two practice ATS-W tests (elementary and secondary, respectively). All tests have explained answers. The actual LAST test I took was very much like the practice tests in this book. The actual ATS-W test, however, differed from the practice test; it was more situation-oriented, and also harder.

I knew immediately after I finished the LAST that I would pass comfortably. However, after the ATS-W I found myself for the first time in Writing services for students, the unenviable position of having no idea how I did: I wouldn't have been surprised by a score of 100, or 300. In order to writing marathi prepare for the tests, I also used a second book called The best coaching study guide for the NYSTCE, ISBN 0-87891-404-8. The reviews in Writing services for students, it were unnecessarily verbose and complicated, I think. That is why I didn't use them. It DOES have an advantage, though: the practice ATS-W tests are very much like the real thing.

The ATS-W answer explanations are stated in a truly logical manner and are superior to those in the Barron's. The study guides from the NY State Education Department are of NO value except for the 5 sample questions you can find in there, and the essay examples and essay scoring explanations. They offer no more than a tiny taste of the Work for home or lowes real thing. For Students. In conclusion, Barron's is well worth buying if you want to study for these tests. Help Review Criteria. This Book Nails the LAST ATS-W Teacher Tests. A Customer on Nov 27, 1998. Writing For Students. I got this book just before the My admission October test and it was a life saver. It is the best book to services for students prepare for the LAST ATS-W. The practice tests are very realistic and you get just the My admission essay right amount and type of review.

The steps for writing passing essays, and steps for services for students, answering the multiple choice questions are great. This book just nails these tests and the back of the book shows you how look for a job in New York State and lists EVERY school district in the state with the number of schools enrollment and phone numbers. Great Review for the LAST and the ATSW. A Customer on Nov 01, 1999. I took the LAST and the ATSW this past Saturday. This book has just the right amount of Online creator review and fantastic tips for taking these tests. The practice tests in the book were very similar to the real tests.

Barrons must have a new printing or a new edition of the book because I did not find the errors mentioned by other reviewers. I recommend this as the best book for Writing, these tests. Preparing for the LAST-Teacher Examinations by Postman. By Dr. Joseph S. Maresca on Apr 29, 2005. Overall, this work is understandable. The exam has a number of lengthy paragraphs followed by for college a single question. Such a format requires that you read the question first and then read the paragraph utilizing a highlighter. The visual questions aren't much different from a standard intelligence test on spatial forms. The math and science are very straight-forward.

The grammar can get confusing with the presentation of very awkward sentence structures requiring correction. Questions on art and Writing, culture can get tricky with very discriminating differences between architectural forms. Some of the for college fine arts questions require that you be able to distinguish between classic forms; such as, Romanesque, Baroque, Byzantine, Greek etc. This test will measure very general knowledge in the arts and sciences. The format gets very awkward in spots. It will be necessary to do a fair number of problems to develop experience with the material. Writing Services. The Postman work is well organized. The problems are challenging. For Home Depot Or Lowes Price. A criticism of the work is that the problem sets are somewhat limited in number although the level of Writing services for students difficulty is appropriate. This book should be utilized in conjunction with others on the subject. College Letter. I would utilize other review texts for weak areas in order to develop a representative set of problems in unfamiliar subject areas.

Testing on amorphous spatial forms and Writing, problems contrasting classic architectural differences typify new or unfamiliar material for the candidate reviewing the material for the first time. The volume will benefit test candidates provided that they make a real attempt at the problems with a view toward studying very discriminating differences between the model answer and slight variations from it. This volume is not a reader. It contains numerous problems which depict the someone address uk material to Writing be tested. Therefore; candidates must utilize the book as though it represented a series of test problems to be encountered on the live examination. Stick with the depot NYS Preparation Guides. By Jennifer on May 09, 2001. The Barron's LAST and ATS-W book was not at services for students all helpful in preparing for the exams. The questions on help review criteria, the exams were much more comprehension-based than content.

The review books I ordered when signing up for the exams were much more useful in preparing me for the exams. Stick with those! Many errors detract from the usefulness of this book. A Customer on Jul 22, 1999. I purchased this book in preparation for the NYS Teacher Certification Exams. I was hoping for it to be as good as the other reviewers said it was. The main reason I was disappointed in Writing, this book is due to the number or errors I found. A friend of mine, who was also taking the tests at the same time, found the same errors so I know it's not just me.

Some of the errors are actual mistakes in computation while others are errors in logic. In some cases the someone address uk answer given is Writing services, correct but the explanation is wrong or vice versa. These errors made me doubt the type of preparation I was receiving for these tests. Hopefully Barrons' will correct these errors and issue a new addition soon. A Customer on Jul 23, 1999. This book is well worth the someone uk money spent - but beware of Writing mistakes in the answer keys!

One blatant error is on an art related question. There are five possible answers (a-e) but only Paper criteria, four options (a-d). (e) is clearly the right answer, the services written explanation even says so. I recommend purchasing this or any other study guide to help review criteria prepare for the exams but don't expect an exact replication of the test. This study guide, aside from the mistakes, gives helpful general guidelines and informative practice tests. The actual tests, however, require you to use the information gained from these practice exams in more abstract ways. A very good helpful book. By Ellen on Sep 29, 2000.

I used this book to successfully prtepare for thesew tests. I gave that book away and I came back here to Writing services get new copy to work with a friend. This book deserves praise. The copies I have was error free. The two chapters in the Introductory section gave me all the strategies I needed to gems pass the tests.

The Reading chapter shows a specific approach for answering reading questions and these tests are reading tests. The English and Writing chapter shows how to write the essays. The Mathematics chapter in this new copy recommends a short cut review. The ATSW chapter gives a very good review for Writing services, that test. There are four realistic practice tests. I found the chapter on getting a job very helpful with contact info for every public school in the state.

The only real weakness in my first copy of the book was the practice LASTs did not have the Work price match longer complex readings found on the actual test. The tests in this new copy include those longer readings. I like it that the publisher keeps up with the tests and updated an already excellent book. A Customer on May 26, 2003. I got this book because the Education advisor said students who used this book did better on the tests than students who bought the Kaplan book and because the. salesperson said this book outsold the Kaplan book about 5 to 1. Still it ended up that I got both books. I can see why this book sells better and why people do better. This book prepared me for the LAST and the Kaplan book did not. Writing For Students. The ATSW tests in this book are as helpful as the tests in the Kaplan book. But the ATSW tests are not anywhere near as important as classroom experience and common sense. Essay Marathi. There is a very helpful review in Writing for students, the Barron's that shows you how to for college prepare from Writing, just a little to a lot. But the Kaplan book has no review but and it is filled Internet links that do not work.

My advice is that the Work for home Barrons is the services for students only book you need. It is best for Find someone address uk, the LAST and just as good for ATSW. This book with real classroom experience should get you through these tests. By Miss Felicity on Mar 29, 2005. A good education, a solid review of this book and a dose of services common sense should help you easily pass both tests on the first try. Heed the advice about having an early night before the test date. Bring a bunch of #2 pencils, and dress very comfy in Science, layers. These things make a big difference.

I saved about an hour for the essay, which I needed, and scored 300 on it. Use the first few hours going through the multiple choice questions. No need to rush. I hope it goes well for you! I leave you with this quote: Chance favors the prepared mind. Louis Pasteur. Writing Services. I WAS VERY HAPPY TO HAVE THIS BOOK. A Customer on Oct 29, 2003.

I was very happy to have this book. The book says the test is mainly reading comprehension and that is right. The book did a good job preparing me to answer those types of questions and the tests in the book were a lot like the Science essay writing test I took. The book also has very clear steps for writing an essay that helped me prepare for that part of the test. The test taking strategies were very good and services for students, very helpful. The book did not put an emphasis on for college, knowing content. What the book did empasize was to learn how to read and for students, answer questions about different subjects and for college, NOT to learn the subjects. It says it right there in Writing services for students, the book. A lot of the Science marathi passages on the test were in Writing services for students, different subject areas and that part of the book helped too. I almost completely sure I passed and I would not have done as well without this book. I think it will probably help you too if you follow the instructions in the book.

LAST OK, but ATS-W far off base. A Customer on someone address, May 13, 2003. Writing Services For Students. I just took the LAST exam and Online gems, used this book as a review. The LAST review was overly thorough but I guess better to be over for students, prepared. My Admission Essay. The LAST is just reading comprehension. Services For Students. There is no need to Online assignment gems retain information on social studies, math, or specific sciences. One problem is incorrect answers are not explained so if you get a practice answer wrong, tough. The BIG PROBLEM in this book is the ATS-W which I have yet to take, but I have heard from people who own the book that Barron's was so far off base it was like they never saw an ATS-W. It was strongly suggested to me that I buy the Kaplan book which is much more specific, and especially helpful for the ATS-W.

I wish I had know this before I bought the Barron's book because now I have to for students go purchase another book which I will do because I want to be prepared for this exam.

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Miss Evers Boys Essays and for students Research Papers. In the film Miss Evers ' Boys , several of the now-existing APA guidelines are violated to the extreme . The movie, . Write College Personal Statement! which illustrates the Writing services Tuskegee Study conducted by a group of southern doctors in My admission for college, 1932, tells the Writing services story of college letter a group of African-American men who are being unknowingly studied to services, see if untreated syphilis reacts the same way in African-Americans that it does in Find someone, white men. At first, treatment is given to them but once the funds for the study are cut and treatment is no longer made available. African American , Deception , English-language films 636 Words | 2 Pages. Bioethical Issues: Miss Evers ' Boys Introduction Miss Ever’s Boys is services, a docudrama . film that was produced by the HBO cable network. The movie explores ethical and social issues involved in the infamous Tuskegee Study. The study was about untreated black men with syphilis. The U.S. Public Health Service is said to have conducted a study among 600 black Americans from the years 1932 to 1972. Work For Home Price Match! This study was done in Macon County. This paper will exclusively explore the critique the Miss Ever’s Boys film using.

Autonomy , Bioethics , Black people 1021 Words | 3 Pages. his views of a variety of issues, especially race relations. Rowan also served as the director of the United States Information Agency and was the . ambassador to Finland. Writing Services! Unforgettable Miss Bessie Carl T. Rowan She was only about five feet tall and probably never weighed more than 100 pounds, but Miss Bessie was a towering presence in Online creator, the classroom. She was the only woman tough enough to make me read Beowulf and think for a few foolish days that I liked it From 1938 to 1942, when I attended.

High school , Ku Klux Klan , Public school 1757 Words | 6 Pages. The story “First Confession” by: Frank O’Conner depicts a child named Jackie, who is a young Catholic boy nearing his first confession. Services For Students! First . confession is a tradition for Science essay marathi, young catholic boys and girls where they give their “first confession.” Frank ‘Conner’s story tells about a women names Mrs. Writing Services! Ryan who teaches the children about the important task. Write College Personal! She tells the children about a man who went to a priest’s house one night to give a confession and when the Writing services for students priest left to get dressed he returned.

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In the early stages of the Find someone address uk boys lives they feel the need to show. Birth order , Dolls , English-language films 899 Words | 3 Pages. The Boy and His Family Relationships In a sort of short story style, Marie Howe illustrates a depleting family relationship between a father . and his children in the poem, “The Boy ,” through its many symbols. With no discernible rhyme scheme, the plot develops, climaxes, and concludes alluding to a short story but in poetic form. The speaker, discovered through clues within the poem, is the younger sister of the boy and she is listening and learning from the examples set by her brothers. There is. Blanket sleeper , Connotation , Denotation 956 Words | 3 Pages.

“I catch at them, and then I miss .” This gives the impression that her state of mind changes from day to day. Language In ‘The Affliction of . Writing Services! Margaret’ there is My admission essay for college, a confused, obsessive style of language. Margaret often contradicts herself: “Neglect me! No I suffered long / from that ill thought.” This shows her desperate state of mind Attitudes/Feelings In ‘The Affliction of Margaret’, the breaking down of the relationship causes Margaret despair: the question “Was ever darkness like to Writing, this?” shows. Iambic pentameter , Meter , Poetry 1313 Words | 5 Pages. think it was ever really enough to keep him on earth, because Vincent worked so hard to get where he had gotten. I think that his dream was too . powerful and that nothing would ever overcome it because of all the things that he went through in college statement, life.

Love or “blossoming” love, was never enough. For Students! Besides I didn’t really get that romantic connection between them, because Vincent was far more interested in his dreams and Write college personal statement letter Irene was too concerned about her genetics and how no man would ever love her, because. American film actors , American television actors , Ethan Hawke 1013 Words | 3 Pages. ?The Whipping Boy The Whipping Boy is a short story, written by Richard Gibney in 2011, and used for the written English exams . in the summer of 2013 in Denmark. The Whipping Boy is a story about three slaves, two men and a woman, who get told that they’re no longer slaves, and that they can do whatever they want to. The two men start off by Writing services for students killing the Work depot match ground dogs, because the dogs are considered evil towards the slaves. Afterwards they whip their former owner, because they want him to feel, how. Abraham Lincoln , American Civil War , Fiction 958 Words | 3 Pages. anything” creates contrast between the powerful actions and words that occur later in the passage. For example, as the Writing services for students man approaches the Man and the . Boy his danger is ambiguous. However, the fathers suspicion is confirmed and he is forced to address, take action to protect his son.

By doing so, he clearly defines for the reader that he himself is the protector of the Writing for students boy , stating later in Online, the passage “I will kill anyone who touches you, understand?” The contrasting roles of the Writing services Mans character also bring to attention. 30 Seconds to Mars , Emotion , From Yesterday 1548 Words | 4 Pages. of awareness. Yet, the fact remains that there have been at least 60 terrorist plots against the homeland since 26/11, illustrating the continued threat of . terrorism against India. Fifty-three of these plots were thwarted long before the public was ever in danger, due in large part to the concerted efforts of Indian law enforcement and intelligence. The best way to Paper review, protect the India from the continued threat of terrorism is to ensure a strong and capable domestic counter-terrorism enterprise—and.

Counter-terrorism , Federal Bureau of Investigation , Law 1255 Words | 5 Pages. English 101 Dr. Kronbeck 2/25/13 Solutions To American Educational Problems Have you ever felt that lost? Have you ever felt . that you know you must finish something quickly but do not know how to start with? Students always feel that when homework’s due day is coming in the next few hours.

The teachers always make some dead line to Writing services, request students to finish their assignments in time. But sometimes those students do not know what information they are studying, they just know that those are requirements. Critical thinking , Education , Education in the United States 1093 Words | 3 Pages. involved. They should also be confident in Science essay marathi, regulations and law surrounding areas in which they are working whether it is child matters act or children in . Writing Services For Students! care act and should be able to discuss development stages including speech and languages. Miss Tracy Fildew Student No: MD1135375 Q1: Discuss the essay for college Training requirements for Higher Level Teaching Assistants (HLTAS). Cont: They should be confident in administration assessments, the main teaching methods and the marking/testing framework. Curriculum , Education , Learning 977 Words | 5 Pages. the adjective “simple” to Writing, describe the soldier’s life before the war. He led a “simple” life, but was satisfied with it. The adjective “simple” could have . also been used to indicate that this was a boy , “simple” and naive.

The poet also says “who grinned at Paper help review life in empty joy”. This suggests that this “ boy ” didn’t have many aims in life, and didn’t let anything really bother him. This could also mean that he was from a working background, like a farm. The sentence “And whistled early with the lark”. Dulce et Decorum Est , Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori , Poetry 3001 Words | 7 Pages.

compliance and Writing for students non-compliance in help criteria, relation to human rights Family Police vow to smash paedophile ring that abused boy trafficked by adoptive . For Students! parents ABC News Australian man Peter Truong and his partner Mark Newton a little boy from Russia in 2005.Police say the men allowed at least eight men in several different countries, including Australia, the US, Germany and France, to molest the boy when he was between two and six years old. Both men were sentenced to 40 years in US jails. PF: Through the use. Crime , Criminal justice , Family law 810 Words | 3 Pages. century onwards; for example, schools began to Paper help review, specialise in education of the young, and this reflected the influence of the Writing church. Secondly, there was a . growing distinction between adults and children’s clothing; by the 17th century, an Find upper-class boy would be dressed in an outfit for Writing, his own age group.

Thirdly, by the 18th century handbooks on child-rearing were widely available. Aries argues that we have moved on from a world that did not see childhood as special, to a world that is obsessed with. Child , Child abuse , Childhood 2434 Words | 6 Pages. Wilson seemed to be in a much less promising situation than he was in 1964. Review! The Labour government had to highly rely on other parties to gain legislation . through parliament. Writing! The economic situation was awful and the Labour Party was less united than ever . Wilson himself was less energetic and less certain in Write, his way of services for students governing and was anxious to call another election.

Wilson acted quickly about the essay writing marathi inherited economic and industrial relations that caused Heaths fall. Writing Services For Students! The Industrial Relations Act and. Chancellor of the Online assignment Exchequer , Conservative Party , Edward Heath 1342 Words | 4 Pages. example if a girl tends to play with the boys most of her time in the early years setting the services for students staff may stop the girl form playing with the . boys because the staff may think that the Find child spends far too much time playing with the boys instead of for students her playing with their own gender the girls. This can make the child seem like there is something wrong with them playing with boys and that it is assignment gems, a bad thing playing with the boys . The girl may find playing with the boys to be more interesting because they play. Child , Childhood , Girl 954 Words | 3 Pages. but is given little encouragement by her grandfather. Pai feels that she can become the Writing for students leader, although there's no precedent for a woman to marathi, do so, and is . determined to succeed. Koro leads a cultural school for Writing services, the village boys , hoping to find a new leader. Paper Criteria! He teaches the boys to use a taiaha (fighting stick). This is Writing, traditionally reserved for males.

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developed the skills to perform certain tasks yet. Essay Writing Marathi! An example of for students this is, a three year old child at the age of three being able to depot price match, talk in Writing services for students, full sentences and . another child exactly the same age not being able to Online assignment creator, talk at services all with no medical reason what's so ever just that he is not yet capable of doing so. I know this from experience. With a child who isn't capable of doing things like other children there own age this would be a good way of trying to teach them, its a good way of them learning at their own. Child development , Childhood , Developmental psychology 1668 Words | 7 Pages. to set up infrastructures to accommodate major sport activities. Jamaicans are well known in Write statement, the world for having good sprinters; Jamaican can capitalize on . team Jamaica by supporting track events that may attract tourist to visit the island, e.g. boys and girl championship, diamond league. Writing Services! On a larger scale, the country could invest into putting up an Work for home depot or lowes match international stadium that can accommodate e.g. the world Olympics; this would be a boom in sport tourism in Jamaica. . Geography , Human geography , Mexico 1479 Words | 5 Pages. World Is A Stage In “ Miss Brill” the services author Katherine Mansfield creates the metaphor of the world being a stage and the character of . Miss Brill being an actress.

This illusion can determine her to be a round character because she is afraid of marathi being the person that she isn’t. Miss Brill hides her real emotions by services hiding behind a teacher role instead of My admission being true to herself. Writing For Students! The character Miss Brill arrives at a theme of isolationism and abandonment; by acting Miss Brill can be recognized as. A Story , Acting , Actor 1232 Words | 3 Pages. Wren’, which existed in Work depot or lowes match, many versions.

It’s about a group of peasants going to the woods to kill a wren (a medieval tradition).’ Miss Gee . This ballad, written in 1937, is a clear example of Auden’s dark ironic comic tone being used for serious social satire. The poem plays with our own prejudices; we identify with the Writing services detached tone of the essay omniscient narrator. Miss Gee is a character who from the offset is presented as a typical prudish spinster. Even the rhyme scheme plays into the notion of. Cock Robin , Cutty Wren , Modernism 760 Words | 3 Pages. Huh? Milgram's entire goal was to Writing services, study obedience in ordinary people - i.e., civilians. This is also extraordinary: they probably all had a similar income . since they were willing to spend some hours working for Online assignment gems, a given amount of money. Have you ever done market research? Finally - and unfortunately I don't have the actual numbers on this - a large portion of the teachers refused to continue when the authority figure used the final prod You have no choice.

This frequently elicited the reaction. Asch conformity experiments , Electric shock , Milgram experiment 2396 Words | 7 Pages. without creating conflict. Below are three examples of different communication methods and their disadvantages and advantages: * Email – advantages are . it is immediate, there is a paper trail so you can store the email safely and it can be found if ever needs be. Emails are also good if you need to Writing for students, send to many people.

Disadvantages are that there is no guarantee the mail will be read and Find uk if it is an urgent request, it could be missed. Emails can also be misunderstood and can come across blunt or. Communication , Customer , Customer service 1407 Words | 5 Pages. ?#4: FAMILY Outline MCYS (Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports): The family is an important institution. It brings fulfillment to our . Services! lives and is our anchor in Work match, this fast-paced, ever -changing environment. Families serve as an important pillar of Writing for students support for gems, the nation. Writing Services! At the individual level, families are the primary source of Write personal letter emotional, social and for students financial support. At the national level, they contribute to social stability and national cohesiveness as they help develop.

Family , Feminism , Gender 1252 Words | 7 Pages. day her mother died; she blames herself for killing her mother. Find Someone Address! Ever since that day her father has treated her with tremendous amount . disrespect. Writing! She and Lily embark on a journey that will change their lives forever. Lily is a petite girl with black curly hair, and is the spitting image of her mother. They visit a house in assignment creator gems, Tiburon and end up staying with three colored women named August, June and May Boatwright. Zach is for students, a colored boy who works at the house with the girls. There Lily learns about beekeeping.

Secret Life , Sue Monk Kidd , The Secret Life of Bees 1307 Words | 3 Pages. and a health visitor who can facilitate Maureen with her needs that she may no longer be able to meet unaccompanied, due to her illnesses. By ensuring that . Maureen is assigned a health visitor, she will have support at home and won’t be alone if she ever ends up getting hurt. Maureen’s health visitor will have the ability, as she has been given the right training to take care of Maureen’s holistic needs. Maureen’s health visitor can empower her by involving her in Science essay writing, making decisions on making her support. International Federation of Social Workers , Need , Social work 1688 Words | 5 Pages. grade 1 to 12 most textbooks and prescribed learner material still contain racial and Writing gender discrimination stereotypes. For example you may find in a . Criteria! storybook read to grade 1 learner that the main character is services for students, a black boy named Tinky. Creator Gems! He is Writing, portrayed as a very strong boy coming from the Ghetto (portrayed as violent) where he lives with his mother and younger sister.

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Writing Verbal Descriptions for Audio Guides. Lou Giansante, Writer/Producer, Art Beyond Sight. Writing Services For Students? Lou Giansante writes audio tours as an independent producer and for audio tour companies. He also works with Art Beyond Sight as a writer and producer of Verbal Description audio tours. Dr.

Margaret Pfanstiehl, founder and president of The Metropolitan Washington Ear Inc. and Find someone, her husband Cody, developed the art and technique of audio description in 1981. They saw it as a tool for 1) navigating a visitor through a museum, 2) orienting a listener to Writing for students, a work of art, or 3) providing access to the visual aspects of a live or recorded performance. Different organizations use different terms for the process of using words to describe visual phenomenon. Write College Personal Statement Letter? Some, like Dr. Pfanstiehl, continue to use the term audio description.

Others use the terms verbal description, or verbal imaging, or audio imaging. Art Beyond Sight uses the term verbal description to Writing services for students, describe recorded or live presentation of information about art and other exhibitions. For description of films, videos, or theater Art Beyond uses the term audio description. For many years, museums and advocates for blind visitors thought that if a museum had an essay, audio tour for its sighted audience, then it needed a separate verbal description tour. Today, museums still produce such verbal description tours and they are successful with visitors. But in services for students recent years, some museums and organizations, like Art Beyond Sight, have begun advocating tours that work successfully for both sighted and blind audiences. More on this later. If you work for a museum, then you know that recorded audio tours are a growing feature of art, history, and science museums for in-gallery exhibitions and for virtual exhibitions on My admission essay web sites. And museums have discovered that writing tours with the technique of Verbal Description can make exhibitions accessible to people who are blind or have low vision. Verbal Description is a way of using words to represent the visual world, of helping people form mental images of what they cannot see.

Some museums have discovered the services for students unexpected consequence that Verbal Description can also provide a new perspective for people with sight. The technology for delivering audio tours, whether verbally described or not, is constantly evolving. I will offer a limited overview of the current possibilities, but most of this article is about writing Verbal Description for audio tours and for web sites. There are guidelines for writing for Verbal Description audio, and I’ll define those. First, I’ll address a common question from museum staff: how long should the stops be in a verbal description audio tour? To answer that question you must consider the length of traditional audio tour stops, how and where people will hear your audio tour, and Paper review criteria, the nature of services, your audience. Traditional Tours. Companies that produce audio tours for sighted visitors try to Find, keep their stops at Writing for students around ninety seconds , and rarely go over two minutes. Of course, these stops do not include verbal description. Writing? So a stop that includes verbal description will be longer, but not necessarily dramatically longer. In-Museum Tours.

In a museum, people may easily spend an hour standing and walking through an exhibition. So physical fatigue is Writing a factor. Boredom can also be a factor. Put yourself in the shoes of a visitor and ask how long you would feel comfortable and for college, stay interested while standing in Writing services one location. It’s subjective, but a factor to consider. As an example, in 2013, in conjunction with Art Beyond Sight I wrote and produced a verbal description audio tour of paintings at writing marathi the New York Historical Society’s “Armory Show at 100” exhibit. Services? The stops ranged from two and Find, a half to three and a half minutes long and the scripts wove art historical context for services each work with the verbal description. Here’s one stop from the tour, a painting by Work for home depot or lowes price John Sloan titled Sunday Morning, Women Drying Their Hair . It’s 2:45. Virtual tours.

If your museum web site offers a selection of for students, works from your permanent collection, audio tour stops can be longer than in-museum tour stops. Visitors will listen to marathi, your verbal descriptions at their leisure, probably sitting down. Services For Students? So they will be more inclined to listen to longer stops.I took this into account when writing verbal description for two Art Beyond Sight web sites, New York Beyond Sight (NYBS) and American Art . NYBS has prominent New Yorkers reading verbal descriptions of the city’s visual culture, including architecture and public art works. The “stops” on this site range from 3 ? to 6 minutes long, with most in the 4 -5 minute range. American Art features art from the Whitney Museum of Write statement letter, American Art and the Brooklyn Museum. The verbal description audio recordings range from Writing 3 to 6 minutes, with most in the 4-5 minute range. You probably can identify people who are blind or have low vision and who visit your museum frequently. They may desire longer, more detailed verbal description than casual museum visitors. So for both in-museum and virtual online tours, know your audience and write accordingly. If your goal is to satisfy a mixed audience, you must try to find a happy length that will satisfy both. I’ve found that listeners appreciate knowing how long audio stops will be.

You can add a line in the tour introduction so listeners know how long they can expect to someone, stand in Writing one place. Writing Audio Tours for Work price match Some — Or for Writing for students All. The first verbal description audio tours I wrote were specifically for people who are blind or have low vision. Today, whenever possible I write audio tours that serve sighted and blind audiences together. For example, with Art Beyond Sight I produced a Verbal Description tour of criteria, Grand Central Terminal in New York to accompany an existing general tour for all. Here’s a sample stop:

This saves money for a museum, and has the added bonus of creating an inclusive experience with blind and for students, sighted people enjoying an exhibition together. My thinking began to evolve when I noticed that sighted people would sometimes pick up an Online, audio tour player and listen to the verbal description tour. My first reaction was to stop them, thinking they would object to having art works and historical objects that they could easily see described for them. For Students? But I never stopped anyone, and to my surprise no visitor ever complained. This first happened at My admission essay a verbal description tour I wrote for VSA exhibit in for students the Smithsonian International Gallery in Washington. Paper Help Review? I stood with an artist watching sighted people listening and voiced my surprise. Her response: “People don’t like to read.” Which I believe is Writing correct for many visitors. But I also began to realize that there’s more to it. Having a voice describe what you’re looking at mimics the experience of most television watching in Work for home depot or lowes price match the U.S, especially local and national news programs.

Sighted people have come to expect descriptions of what their eyes can easily see. That’s when I began attempting audio tours that combined traditional content for a sighted audience with a level of verbal description for those with sight loss. Writing? Again, no one with vision ever questioned the writing. Actually, one person did question me. The curator of a show on historical silver objects read my first draft script and asked, “Why do we have to tell people this teapot is twelve inches tall? They can see it.” My answer had two parts. First, I reminded her that the tour was for both sighted and blind audiences. And second, I told her my experience is that such details help sighted visitors confirm their perceptions. Rather than resenting the verbal description they appreciate it. The best thing any audio tour can do is to Paper help, help someone look more closely and carefully.

An audio tour can focus attention, making for a richer experience, especially if a sighted visitor chooses to not read wall labels, A sighted museum docent inadvertently confirmed the value of services for students, my writing approach. At a museum where I produced an audio tour of paintings and sculptures for depot or lowes both sighted and blind visitors, the docent told me she listened to the audio tour and gleaned new visual insights that she could use in her group tours of the exhibit with sighted visitors. So now I advocate audio tours that address both audiences. Writing Services? The challenge is coming up with the correct balance of artistic or historical context and verbal description, in a length that won’t bore the visitor. I must decide how much verbal description is writing adequate for person who can’t see the painting or artifact, and how to weave it with the Writing other information. If there is a downside to this approach, it is Work for home depot price match that some blind people want more detailed verbal description, and services, that is My admission valid criticism. But in most cases I feel the verbal description tours provide experiences that can be shared by both audiences, whether in Writing a museum or on Science writing marathi a web site. Writing Successful Verbal Description — The Content.

Before you begin writing verbal description of a work of Writing, art, you must gather information on the artist, the style or school of art, whether the artist has written or spoken about his or her work, what critics have written, and personal, how the public has reacted. Services? The point is that the verbal description should not be about your opinions . You must filter all the information you find and synthesize it into your verbal description. If you’re able to interview and record an artist, you can weave an audio clip into Science essay writing your verbal description. Even a recorded telephone conversation is usable. Services? I have recorded short phone interviews with artists and someone, included excerpts in the audio tour stops about their works. Artists have talked about their inspiration, their technique, or how they hope the viewer will react. I’ve even asked artists how they would describe their work to someone who cannot see it. Writing? Hearing the voice of the artist makes a compelling connection for listeners, whether sighted or blind. Early Sunday Morning by Edward Hoppe.

For artworks, start simply and directly with basic information: the address uk title of the work, the Writing artist’s name, the medium, maybe the My admission for college year it was done, maybe where it can be seen. The client you write for will determine what you include. How would you judge this opening sentence in a verbal description of painting? Early Sunday Morning is an oil painting on canvas by Edward Hopper in the collection of the Writing for students Whitney Museum of American Art. Seems like efficient, succinct writing, direct and Write college letter, straightforward, no? It is, for a reader. But it contains four bits of important information that fly by the ear. Writing? Easy to read and reread. For College? Not as easy to hear and retain.

It’s better to Writing for students, deliver the facts individually, in sequence, starting with the most important facts. The title of the My admission essay for college painting is Early Sunday Morning. The artist is Edward Hopper. It’s an oil painting on canvas. It’s in the collection of the Whitney Museum of American Art. For paintings and sculpture, give listeners the dimensions of the work. Be specific if you know the dimensions or tell listeners if you are approximating. The sculpture is 18 inches tall.

It stands upon a pedestal about 3 feet tall. The painting is a rectangle about 3 feet wide and 2 feet high. It’s best to then quickly give a summary of the content and style of the painting or sculpture before delving into the details. To continue using Hopper’s painting as an example: It shows a block of three attached buildings, all two stories tall, with shops on the street level and apartments above them. The buildings extend horizontally across the painting from the left edge to the right edge. For a representational painting, describe the point of view the artist given the Writing services for students viewer, who is now your listener. Write College Statement Letter? Are we seated across a table from the subject or are we across a field?

Are we looking down on Writing for students or up at the subject? Again using the Hopper painting: You see the buildings as if you’re standing across the street from them. Also, when you use phrases like “to the left” or “on the right,” explain whether you’re referring to your point of view as viewer of the painting, or the point of Paper help, view of the subject in the painting. For describing architecture or sculpture, it’s equally important to establish a point of view for the listener.

Where are you standing as you describe? Across the street from Writing for students it? At the base of Science essay writing, it looking up? Maybe you’re sitting on a park bench in front of it. For a sculpture, explain if you are you viewing it from one point of view, or tell the listener if you will describe it from various points around it. As the Writing for students verbal description continues, remember that you are incrementally building up an image in the mind of the listener. Each line should add to that image in an order and in review sequence. And you should first tell the listener what that order will be.

I will describe the mansion by beginning at Writing for students the ground floor and moving up to the roofline. The painting is primarily made up of three horizontal sections. Paper Help Review Criteria? I will begin with the services for students upper third of the painting. Relate to Listener Experiences and Find Analogies. When describing sculptures, or objects and figures within paintings, make comparisons in human terms. Are they life size? Twice life size? The width of Paper help, your hand? Sometimes the best way to Writing services for students, verbally describe something is with an analogy to something in life the listener might know or have experienced. It’s as big as [a car, an elephant, a soccer ball]. The wrought iron railing is waist high.

The nave of the church is a like a long rectangular box. The body of the Science essay writing marathi mandolin has the shape of pear. The bell tower’s three sections look like boxes piled one atop another. For descriptions of architecture, research to find exact dimensions like height and width of Writing, buildings, towers, windows, etc. If you can’t find that information, estimate using your body. My Admission Essay? Use your own height to Writing services for students, estimate building height. Pace off the length of a facade and Online, count your steps. Then multiply by Writing services the length of Write college letter, your pace and approximate.

If there is a stairway, count the steps and include the for students number in your description. Sometimes you can suggest that a listener use his or her body to Paper, feel a certain shape, or to understand the pose of a figure in a painting or sculpture. Along the top edge of the roof is a line of carved wooden shapes. The shape is kind of like a large leaf. Services For Students? Hold your hand out flat and Work depot or lowes price match, spread your fingers wide and you’ll have an idea of the shape. The sculpture consists of the model’s head and face, a chignon or knot of for students, hair at the back of her head, and her hands and forearms.

To understand the pose, try this. Place your palms together in a prayer pose, and also try to put your forearms together so they touch. Now keeping your arms together, place your joined hands on the left side of our chin and tilt your head down a bit. That’s the sculpture. To understand Lincoln’s pose in Brady’s photograph try this. Stand up straight and imagine the camera is directly in front of you. Work Or Lowes? Keep your head facing forward, while turning your shoulders to the right about 45 degrees. Your right hand hangs straight down; your left hand rests on a pile of books on a short wooden column.

Don’t hesitate to include color in your verbal descriptions. Often blind people had vision earlier in life and recall the world in color. Even congenitally blind know the cultural associations with various colors. For Students? Today there are smart phone apps that can tell a blind person what color something is. When possible, make reference to the style and technique AND how that technique affects a viewer’s experience. For example, is the My admission paint applied thickly and roughly or with a fine delicate line? Describe how the technique serves the artist’s creativity and Writing, the affect on the viewer. Online Creator? This type of information should reflect your research into the views of critics and the public. Here’s an example I wrote in a verbal description stop for services a painting by Cezanne. Cezanne was not interested in painting realistic views of his subjects.

We can tell the hillside surrounding the mission is gems thick with nature. Writing For Students? But he does not paint realistic trees. Instead he used small parallel brush strokes with many colors to build up the impression of a lush woodland. And in some places he has deliberately let the off white canvas peek through, becoming an element of the landscape. If you have tactile diagrams to accompany the works you describe, by all means use them. Some museums use tactiles before or after listening to verbal description; some museums have visitors touch while listening. If you have access to artists in an exhibit, ask if they would provide a small tactile sample of their artwork for blind visitors to touch. Of course, the venue hosting the exhibit must be open to allowing such a possibility. In verbal descriptions of architecture or public sculpture, look for opportunities to invite listeners to touch the sculpture itself, or the texture of Paper, walls or other architectural details.

To Learn More . The Art Beyond Sight Institute web site offers an excellent PPT titled Verbal Description Training that was developed for services staff/educator/docent training and self-study. The Training focuses on how to use Verbal Description during group tours and how to integrate it into the interactive nature of live presentation with blind or visually impaired museum visitors. Writing Successful Verbal Description — Language for the Ear. Always remember that you are writing for a listener , not a reader. A reader can re-read a word, a sentence, a paragraph. A listener does not know what’s coming next, and My admission essay, can’t go back and review what they just heard. If listeners don’t get it the first time, if they don’t understand each line clearly and immediately, then they may not hear the next line you write because their mind is still deciphering the previous line. The point is to never leave doubt about what you mean.

Take your ego out of it. Don’t try to impress with clever writing, complex sentence structure, and exuberant vocabulary. Put yourself in the listener’s place. He/she wants the basic information in unflowery prose. Listeners should forget about your presence and services for students, only remember the image you leave in their minds. Verbal Description writing is writing for letter the ear instead of the eye, and it has basic principles that writers use when writing for any presentation that uses the spoken word — radio, newscasts on services for students radio or TV, film and video narration, PowerPoint presentations — whenever information is conveyed with the spoken word. 1. Use simple sentences. Essay Writing Marathi? They’re direct and Writing for students, each holds a thought or image. The sky is blue. Sometimes a compound sentence is ok. The sky is blue and the sea below it is green.

But never, or almost never, use a complex sentence, that is, one with a subjunctive clause. These clauses begin with words like which, that, who, while, when. The sky, which extends across the My admission entire top of the services painting, is blue. The problem is that a complex sentence asks your listener to hold the first fact in mind — while hearing about for college another fact until the end of the sentence — which makes a connection to the first fact. A complex sentence unnecessarily asks the brain to Writing for students, decipher your writing. Use two simple sentences instead. The sky is blue.

It extends across the entire top of the painting . 2. Use active verbs. The passive voice is weak writing whether for the eye or the ear, but it’s especially troublesome for Science a listener. For example, The boy was hit by the car uses the passive voice. Who did what? The car hit the Writing boy. That’s active. The passive voice can bring doubt to Paper help review, a listener’s mind.

It asks the Writing services for students listener’s ear (and brain) to figure out who did what to whom by mentally inverting the information it hears. The worst examples of the passive voice use forms of the for home or lowes verb to be. In this example, both verbs are in the passive voice. Having been influenced by Cubism, the young artist’s work was reflective of Writing services, its principles. Better to write something like this: Cubism i nfluenced the Science essay writing young artist, and his work reflected its principles. 3. Writing Services? Write like you talk. First, that means it’s ok to use contractions. Writing Marathi? People talk with them, don’t they? Second, keep the vocabulary simple. Beware of the Writing for students long word that is no better than the short word.

An artist doesn’t “utilize” paint. She uses it. Her style isn’t “referred to” as Impressionism. It’s called Impressionism. Don’t “be cognizant” of these long words. Help Review Criteria? Watch for them. Third, use proper terms from art history and for techniques when appropriate. But when you do, define or explain the term simply in the next sentence. There are pilasters on for students the sides of the windows.

A pilaster looks like a free standing column, but it’s a decorative element attached to the building. Undefined jargon can put off listeners and make you sound formal and distant. You should be talking to someone, not giving a lecture or reading a book. The best way to find out how you sound is to read your words aloud and listen. Are you talking to someone or reading to him or her? It helps to for college, use words like “you” and “yours” and Writing for students, not the stuffy and impersonal “one” or “one’s.” Read these out loud to hear the difference. The red flowers draw one’s attention to the lower right. The red flowers draw your attention to the lower right. Writing Successful Verbal Description — With Sound.

When a sighted person has experienced a work of art, they are often left with a mental image of the Science essay writing marathi work and Writing, with a sense memory of the Science experience. For people with vision loss, Verbal Description can help do the same, but I have found that adding sound — music, sound effect, ambiences, dialogue — offers even more compelling ways to create those images and memories. Creative use of sound in an audio tour can help listeners have a richer sensory experience that can help them both understand how a work looks and leave them with a visceral sense memory of the art. You may find it useful to write verbal description with sound, using in-house staff or an outside producer. Writing? Here are some ways I’ve combined sound with verbal description. Sometimes I begin an audio tour stop by using sound with narration or dialogue to set the historical or cultural setting for for home the creation of a work of art.

I use the techniques of storytelling to set the context for Writing for students the work. Then I add traditional verbal description to create the assignment gems visual image of the work. Services For Students? You can hear examples of someone address uk, this with the works on the American Art web site. Here is another example about a 17 th century painting, Still Life with Parrots by Writing for students Jan Davidzon de Heem, that I produced as part of a tour for the Ringling Museum in Sarasota, Florida. Sometimes you can create context by simply adding an ambience background that supports the content of a painting: birds in a forest setting, restaurant ambience, horses trotting by, a church bell tolling in the distance. Let the review criteria content of the painting or sculpture and your imagination suggest the ambience. Sometimes I have created sound analogues for visual images or techniques. You can hear one example of Writing for students, a sound analogue in this audio tour stop for Marcel Duchamp’s painting Nude Descending a Staircase. It’s 3 minutes long . Methods for Delivering Audio Tours. Here’s a brief summary, as of Online assignment creator gems, 2013, of the options for having sighted or blind listeners hear an audio tour in a museum: buying or renting audio players, cell phones, smart phone/pad apps, and do-it-yourself solutions. To keep up with the evolving world of technology for services delivering museum tours for general audiences and people with disabilities, visit the Science Museums Mobile web site.

Museums Mobile is a research and professional development initiative focused on the effective use of mobile technologies within the cultural sector. It sponsors online conferences and conducts annual surveys of the field. Major audio tour producers like Acoustiguide, Antenna Audio, and Orpheo have a variety of players to Writing for students, sell or rent. Some are audio only, some also contain screens to show images or play video. Blind visitors can easily use the players because navigation is via a touchpad just like a phone. Users enter a tour stop number and listen, with options for adjusting the Science essay writing volume and pausing or replaying the Writing audio. This method of writing marathi, delivery requires a sighted companion or museum staff to tell the blind listeners the stop numbers to enter. Some museums choose to install infrared systems to automatically trigger audio stops, giving the blind visitor greater independence but less control over the listening experience. There are companies like Guide by Cell and OnCell that make it possible for Writing services for students sighted or blind visitors to use their own cell phones to dial a number and listen to audio tour stops. For Home Depot Price Match? Listeners use their keypad to Writing, control volume and playback, and there is often a feature for Find uk leaving feedback for the museum on individual stops or the entire tour, like leaving a voicemail message.

Companies who provide cell phone audio tours can produce and upload the audio for a museum, or provide the for students museum with software and instructions for doing it in house. This makes it easy for a museum to My admission for college, easily change the content of a tour if necessary. A potential limit to cell phone audio tours is that some listeners prefer not to Writing, use their calling plan’s minutes, or do not want to use their phone’s battery life on a tour. There are a variety of marathi, companies that now produce museum tour applications for smart phones and Writing services for students, pads. Besides containing audio tours, these applications can contain still images and video, interactive features, links to web pages, and links to social media. People can download the Write statement letter app to their phone at for students the museum or before visiting. These apps offer possibilities for designing tours that are accessible to multiple audiences.

For blind visitors, the feature VoiceOver in iPhones and TalkBack in Android phones can make on screen text audible to Paper help criteria, people who are blind or have low vision. And for people who are deaf or hard of hearing, on screen transcriptions can make audio accessible. A potential limit to Writing for students, the use of for home match, apps is that visitors may not want to use up their phone’s data plan. A museum can solve that problem by providing wi-fi access within its walls. Some smaller museums and presenting organizations have developed less expensive ways to Writing, provide audio tours for Write statement sighted and blind audiences. Some write their own verbal description tour (or hire a writer) and then record the tour using inexpensive audio recording equipment, computer editing software. Then they provide the audio to visitors on consumer quality playback products like CD players and iPods. A few museums have adapted blind audio labeling products like Pen Friend and Writing, Touch Memo to the museum setting.

Speaking of pens, a unique system (not do-it-yourself) that uses a pen is provided by for college Touch Graphics. Services? The system uses a Talking Tactile Pen that can record and playback audio and that can trigger audio playback when it touches specially designed tactile images. The system is in essay for college use to Writing, provide a verbal description tour of the Intrepid Sea, Air, and My admission essay for college, Space Museum in New York. I wrote this tour in consultation with Art Beyond Sight. The pen has also been used in other museum exhibitions, including at the Boston Fine Arts Museum.

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A for and against services for students essay about the internet. Look at the essay and do the exercises to improve your writing skills. Do the preparation exercise first. Then read the text and do the other exercises. Online Assignment Creator? What's your opinion?

Do you think the internet is for students bad for young people? For young people it is. College Statement? They shoud be surervised while accessing the internet, because they might find pornographic content, violent content and such. Internet, an invention which still amazes people in is own way, is not always good. It has really bad side effects on young adults. As in the essay, the young people get addicted to online games and they become addicted to the internet quickly. As we can see, there are many more online games being made like Pokemon Go, etc. is services for students really dangerous for young people. I think it really should have a age limit.

And also we must be strict about the rules of or lowes price match age limit on Writing services for students internet too. I#039;m also a young adult but I find internet uninteresting and dangerous so I approve of Science essay it having age limits. Services For Students? For YOUNG PEOPLE yes it is. I think Internet is Write personal letter very useful in schools and in work. It#039;s also handy when you need to communicate. Writing? On the Science marathi other hand a lot of people are addicted from sites like facbook, twitter or instagram. I also agree that learning on the internet (like here ont the british council ;) ) is very usefull . For Students? So in assignment, conclusion internet is possibly the most usefull thing that we ever invented. :) I agree with all of Writing for students you, but what about learning how to play a musical instrument? I think internet can be very good for teenagers because it helps them a lot especially for essay essays, projects and homeworks, but it can be also very bad because children spend too much time online.

I like internet because I can listen to songs onYouTube and I use British Councile:) Hi BigBen6464. I'm glad to hear that you enjoy practising English here :) Is there anything in particular that you like on the site? Jonathan (LearnEnglish Teens Team) Thanks! I like your reading skills practice, stories about UK and What is it? in services, Study Break. British Council really helps me with my vocabulary. I love it! I think the price match internet is an amazing tool which can be used for equally amazing things, but only in the hands of the right person. One bad aspect of internet is that anyone could acess anything anytime. That means there is a lot of inappropriate content out Writing services for students there, but a good person is Paper help criteria able to avoid it.

In my opinion, though internet is very good and useful, but some young people use it for bad things. Writing? Such as playing computer games and get addict with it. Many parents has banned the children not allowed to play forever,1 week or a day or so. But they never keep their word because, of course, parents love their kids, that is why after just a while,they let their children play AGAIN with their games, so really though, I think internet is Write statement useful with good children,and it is bad with bad children. I totaly agree. It all depends from parents.

If they let children to spend too much time online children will get a bad habit when they grow up. You#039;re quite right! I agree with your good comment in point: #039;I think internet is useful with good children, and it is bad with bad children#039;. !! :) In my opinion, Internet is one of the Writing for students greatest people created. You have an access to billions of libraries from your computer, you are able to speak with your friends even if they are on someone address uk the other side of the for students world. Many people work using the Internet. Now let#039;s mention disadvantages of the Internet and web-technologies. Firstly, many people nowadays become addicted and can#039;t survive for more than an hour without computer or smartphone. They need to publish their photos in social networks, chat with 7 people in one moment and read new posts in college statement letter, their favourite online communities. Young people sometimes find their online-life better than the real one. The second disadvantage is that nobody can guarantee the safety of your personal data. Everyone has heard stories about Writing services for students hackers that published private and scandal photos of data base of the big company.

It#039;s not really pleasant to know that somebody can easily find out all your secrets. To sum up, Internrt is a wonderful tool for searching the necessary information, but social networks is quite tricky part of World Wide Web. I think the internet very useful for us .bcz we can get anything without spend alot of time in looking it . My Admission For College? everything when we use it excessively and more than usually #039;it will be badthing. Well, we must admit that on Writing this perfectly imperfect planet nothing entirely good or entirely bad exists. Internet is creator included. Surely it was meant for connecting people from all continents, but as the Writing services human mind has no border line we found out how to use it for different things that provide us either with information or amusement. It is said that the Internet is a good servant but a bad master.

Therefore, we can see that the problem isn#039;t in for home or lowes, the Internet itself but rather in Writing services, the humans, as it is us who are using it and who are asked FOR WHAT we are using it. So for our irresponsibility we shouldn#039;t blame the Internet but ourselves as we are unable to use a powerful tool for Online assignment creator gems our own improvement but we use it for our own unwanted degradation. I think that#039;s quite right!! Nowadays, Internet has been the most important thing in mutimedia life. Personally, l consider that the internet is bad or not,which depends on users. I think the Internet is something that we have to for students, know, and we should know what is good and bad for us, and keep ourselves away from what can damage ourselves in any way. I think it is the same for young people, we have to be responsible, because the Internet is a tool that helps us either with the school, or with any ordinary situation. For Home Match? i think internet is useful for everyone. If it was a bad thing, something awful, it would have changed instead of Writing services reaching the whole world. Is something crazy, used 24hrs a day, everyday of the week, a lot of information, and a lot of people online. About teenagers who are addicted to games, that depends on essay writing marathi each family. Writing Services For Students? Parents could create rules, so no one would be in a bad position.

And that also depends on the teenager#039;s sense of what he or she can or can#039;t do. It#039;s impossible to live without internet in a society like nowdays, it#039;s just so easy to make a research, work on a project. Depot Or Lowes Price? c#039;mon, does anyone here wants to spend hours and hours looking for Writing services few informations? Internet is useful for Paper everyone, for young and old people. There#039;s a lot of sites that can help us a lot. But, today Internet ha gone too far away.

Almost, there#039;s no home without the internet(more than 70% in whole world are with internet). Yes, there are a good and a bad sites on the Internet. We have different web-sites(Facebook,Tumlr, Twitter, Instagram. Writing Services? ) that shows us a different world. We can learn a lot of things (English, French. ) and a lot of other things. Paper Help Review Criteria? But we all know that Internet isn#039;t so much safe.Even if we think that we have good hide it our information, we don#039;t. There#039;s a lot of dangerous people in the world. Services? To sum up, I completely agree with essay. No, i don`t thing internet bad for young people, because there is many information in the internet.

In my opinion, I dont think Internet is bad for people. Without the Internet, I cannot learn language (English) by Write college personal letter, myself and I wouldn#039;t be able to access to lots of useful information that school doesn#039;t teach me. On the Writing other hand, internet is bad only when people dont know how to use it wisely. If young people use the Internet for studying and relaxing in someone address, proper way, internet would be very useful. To me, the internet#039;s the most wonderful tool that human had created. In my own perspective, the Internet plays an important role in the communicating barrier.

As you can see, people all around the world are using the Internet, including the elderly. We communicate with each other using the internet and it really helps us to stay connected with one another. Besides, without the internet, how are the countries going to develop? Our knowledge and the view to services, the outside world, the perspective to the outside of our comfort zone will be just limited, like a frog in the well. So, why not? The internet is the best connection between an individual to the whole wide world. It#039;s definitely a boon. Internet is very usefull for My admission essay us. Internet is Writing for students particularly useful for marathi everyone, nearly all things are on the internet, you can get anything by only searching on services for students it.

Internet seems becoming really important nowadays, it helps people a lot, for example i use internet for Paper review learning English, reading news and doing research for services my tasks. Gems? However, internet also can give many bad effects, people become so fanatical on social media and Writing, often forget about time and everything they should do. I completely disagree that internet is bad for Science teenagers, internet can be useful or useless, it depends on Writing the way people use the assignment creator internet. How does this photo make you feel? Can you write a caption for it? . Look carefully.

What's this everyday object? Play Wordshake and see how many points can you get in 3 minutes. © British Council The United Kingdom's international organisation for services cultural relations and educational opportunities. A registered charity: 209131 (England and Wales) SC037733 (Scotland).

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Create your free Business Plan now. Make an investment-worthy business plan easily with our free template. Select a Industry Fill in the Form. Complete your Business Plan. Print and Download For Free. Business Plans: Writing Guides, Downloadable Templates, and Samples. Updated February 15, 2017 by Legal Templates. 1. Free Business Plan Template Download.

Are you an Writing services for students, entrepreneur looking to download a free business plan? If so, you have come to the right place. Legal Templates is assignment creator, happy to provide you with a hassle-free document downloads. Services For Students? Click the buttons below to download (1) a blank document, and (2) a document that is filled in for you to reference. Related Business Documents: Click to View. What’s included in the blank template: In the first download, you will find documents with all of the chapters, section titles, and section subtitles that you will need to successfully complete your plan. Our first plan contains the 8 chapters of a basic business plan including: Chapter 1: Executive Summary: The executive summary provides investors with a general layout of your company.

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In the second download, we give you a completed ice cream shop plan to reference. Each section gives an example of services for students, what you should write. Our guide also includes example graphs and My admission essay charts, so that you are aware of the types of Writing for students, financial calculations, plans, and essay forecasts that a plan should offer to attract investment. For guidance on what you should include in your plan, and Writing services why, please reference our How to assignment gems Write a Business Plan set of Writing for students, articles below. Downloading this small business plan comes at no cost, so feel free to start your download and Science marathi get started. Writing Services? However, you should be aware that there are some pros and cons to using free business templates, rather than using professional software or an Work depot or lowes match, experienced writer. Writing a business plan is a prerequisite to your company’s success. A solid plan is necessary to services help found your company and ensure that your goals remain on Online assignment gems track over services for students time. Your plan can and will change as you encounter the unpredictable variables that come with starting your own company.

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The executive summary contains all of the essential information about for home price, what makes your business strong and worthy of investment . It covers the major highlights of the rest of Writing services, your plan’s chapters. The goal is to briefly tell your reader what your company will do, where you want to take it, and why your business idea will be successful. If you are seeking financing, the executive summary is your first opportunity to grab a potential investor’s interest. The executive summary will be the first chapter of your business plan, though it’s actually the last section that you should write . First, you’ll need to do heavy research to ensure that your plan is Science essay marathi, sound before you can write the executive summary. This section will be different depending on if you are an established business or a new startup.

A startup company’s executive summary will need to services for students be interesting and convincing to capture the attention of investors. Your company will lack the historical data and trends that existing companies are able to for college provide, but there are strategies to mitigate these factors. First, you’ll need to Writing for students briefly explain who you are, the background of your management team, and Write college personal your reasoning behind starting a business in your chosen niche. Secondly, you’ll need to demonstrate that you’ve done quality research that supports how you’ve conceptualized your business. Investors know that talk is cheap – do you have the data and analysis to back up your claims? Even in a standard plan, the services for students, executive summary for an existing business has no set template, although there are several suggested guidelines that you can find around the web. We suggest the following basic template – feel free to add or subtract sections according to your own needs:

Summary Management Team Products and Services Customers Marketing and Find uk Sales Financial Forecast Financing Requirements (optional) Describe the purpose of the plan (e.g.; to raise a specific amount of debt financing to expand a store location) as well an overview of the company (name, location, company type, products sold, founder(s) and Writing founding date). Describe the key milestones or objectives that you want to assignment achieve with this business (these are the tangible results in services, which you use to prove success of the venture). This statement should be concise and to the point. Summarize the members of the management team, including highlights of their expertise and experience . Describe how each member contributes to college letter the success of the organization. Keep this section brief, as you will go into Writing services for students more detail in the Products and creator Services section. Products and Services. Describe the products and services you are providing and who the services, competitors are within the industry . Keep this section brief, as you will go into more detail in the Products and someone Services section. Describe whom your customer groups are and whom your key customers are , as well as how you will market to them. Keep this section brief, as you will go into more detail in the Market section.

Describe briefly how you will market your product or service. Summarize the major points in the Marketing and Sales chapter, which may include market positioning, pricing, promotion, and distribution. Summarize the most important points from the Financial Plan section here. This should include your sales forecasts and projected expenses as well as the logic behind the projections. If you are a new company, describe when you expect to turn a profit . If you are an existing company, highlight past financial performance. 7. Financing Requirements (Optional) Summarize the amount of for students, equity and/or debt financing that you are seeking, when you need it, the use of the funds, and when you expect to reach your next milestone event and/or start paying back the loan.

Keep this at Paper review criteria an overview level , as you will go into Writing more detail later on in other chapters. Note: This is a complex question that you cannot answer until you complete your plan, so it is Find someone address uk, highly recommended you work your way through the entire writing process first . For Students? In particular, complete the financial planning process before attacking this section. Only then will you be able to identify the amount of money you will need to raise. With these sections fleshed out, you’ve finished your executive summary. How to essay writing marathi Write the Company and Financing Chapter.

The company and finance section of your plan is important, because introducing the management team is services for students, critical for both start-ups and established companies alike. Investors will use this information to gauge the gems, future likelihood of success. Company and Financing Sections. Company Overview Management Team Required Funds (optional) Exit Strategy (optional) Mission Statement (optional) Company History (optional) Location and Facilities (optional) There are many variations and Writing approaches on how to lay out the various components of a business plan. Our approach for the company overview section is to provide the reader with the company’s legal information, address and a brief description of the company’s history. Since there are follow up sections in this chapter that over go the company’s location and history in more detail, you will want to keep this short (2-3 sentences). A BRIEF PRIMER ON COMPANY TYPES. The optimal company type is best determined by creator gems, a credible Attorney. The primer below is meant only to Writing for students explain the broad differences between the most common company types.

A sole proprietorship, according to the IRS: “A sole proprietor is someone who owns an unincorporated business by him or herself.” While the most simple to set up and Online assignment creator the most common, there is a significant drawback: you will be personally liable for any obligations. So for example, if you sell someone a cupcake and Writing for students they sue you because they found a hair in it, and you lose in court, the creditors can legally go after your personal possessions – such as the roof over letter your head. A partnership, according to the IRS: “A partnership is the Writing services, relationship existing between two or more persons who join to carry on a trade or business. Each person contributes money, property, labor or skill, and expects to share in the profits and losses of the company.” A partnership has certain advantages compared to Paper help a LLC, such as not needing to services for students file formation documents when setting up a partnership, and not needing to file dissolution documents if dissolving the partnership. However, similar to sole proprietorships, partners in a partnership have unlimited liability for the company’s debts and liabilities. Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs) LLPs are different from traditional partnerships in that there are two classes of partners: (1) General partners that have full management and control but also full personal liability and (2) Limited partners that have no personal liability beyond their investment in the partnership interest. Limited partners are often times “silent partners” that wish to review invest in the venture but limit their exposure to liability. A corporation is a separate legal entity owned by shareholders.

A corporation is Writing services for students, commonplace for businesses that anticipate seeking venture capital financing. The downside to a corporation is the problem of “double taxation” since the corporation’s profits is taxed at the corporate level, and then any dividends distributed to Work or lowes match shareholders are then taxed again at the personal level. You can elect a special tax status with the IRS to have your corporation not be taxed at the corporate level (instead, it would be taxed as a pass-through entity). Some of the drawbacks include not being able to have more than 100 shareholders , and not being able to have non-US citizens/residents. A popular choice among many small businesses , a LLC limits the member’s personal liability and only taxes profits at the individual level (acts as a pass-through entity). Describe the type of services for students, company you plan to open, along with the registered name you plan to use. Explain your rationale – for example, if you are starting a company where you plan on seeking venture capital financing, then you will want to start a C-Corporation as majority of VCs will insist on Find uk this legal structure. If you have a home office/no dedicated business address.

Include your current office setup and services your future office plans once your company expands, if applicable. For start-ups, and especially those seeking financing, the Management Team section is especially critical. With the lack of history, there is little investors can go by to gauge the future success of a venture. The question lenders and for home depot investors will ask: Why should we trust your team with our money? You must demonstrate your team’s ability to execute on the stated goals. Writing? To accomplish this, you should highlight: Background of Online assignment, each member of the management team (education, relevant work experience, etc.) Roles and for students responsibilities within the company. Tip: Don’t include details about members of the Management Team that are not relevant to the reader. Everything presented should reinforce why your team is the help review, right team to execute on the company’s vision.

If you have an for students, established business the My admission essay for college, information you want to present is the same. Writing Services? Keep in mind, however, that you also want to demonstrate that your team has the capability to manage growth of the help criteria, company. As a company grows from start-up to established business, the management team must also change. Writing? They must be able to manage employees, institute standardized systems, and ensure the business’s ability to scale operations while keeping profitability stable. If you already have a Board of Directors and/or Advisory Board, list these individuals and match a brief description. In a publically trading company the Board of Directors is elected by the shareholders and is the services for students, highest authority in Write, the management of the for students, company. For our purposes (context of depot, a private company that is most likely a startup or small but growing business), a Board of Writing, Directors is comprised of investor(s), founder(s), CEO and independent board member(s) who have substantial business and industry experience. A Board of Director’s typical responsibility is to set broad policies for the company, determine compensation for company management, and approve annual budgets.

An advisory board is a group of business leaders that can help guide your company and provides it with assistance when needed. Letter? Choose individuals with knowledge in Writing services for students, your industry and are willing to play a role in your company . Help Review? While some advisors are compensated, it comes down to a case-by-case basis, frequently depending on how much time the member is Writing services, committed to your company. Tips on building your Advisory Board: Choose a well-respected and well-known individual as the first member of your Advisory Board. This will help you to recruit other members of the Board. Choose individuals that have strengths and relationships your business will need.

As your business evolves, so will the members of your Advisory Board. Feel free to shake up the line up over time. In this section you will tell the reader how much money you need to Work match raise, what you are going to use it for, and how you got to Writing services for students the requested amount. Important note: This is a complex question that you cannot answer until you complete your plan, so it is highly recommended you work your way through the entire writing process and in particular, complete the financial planning process. Only then will you be able to essay identify the Writing, amount of money you will need to for home depot price match raise.

There are two primary financing options: equity and debt. The primary difference between equity and Writing debt financing is that debt financing is review, essentially a loan that is backed by your assets or via a personal guarantee. If your company is already in existence and has trading history, then you may also secure a loan off of your receivables. In contrast, equity financing is Writing for students, essentially you exchanging a stake in your company for a specific sum of money from an address, investor . Therefore, the amount you are able to services raise from investors comes down to how much they value your company. There are three fundamental questions every savvy investor will ask you: Cool idea, how do you make money with it? How much money do you need, and someone address why and when? What do you think your company is worth? If you are seeking financing (regardless of its equity or debt), that most likely means that your financial model shows your company taking a loss in the initial stages, followed by break-even and subsequent profitability.

The money you are seeking to raise will simply allow you to services for students have enough cash to cover the initial period where you will be taking a loss so that you can eventually make a profit. This is depot price, a simplification; you may be raising money to further grow your company, which may already be profitable. Or you might use the financing to services for students get your product to the next stage in its product development lifecycle (i.e.; milestone event). But the general concept is the Online assignment, same; the investment you are seeking bolsters your company’s cash position , allowing it to grow revenue and/or profitability. Cool idea, how do you make money with it? / How much money do you need, and why and when? The financial statements provide the Writing services, answer to the first two questions (which is Work match, why we recommend you complete your plan first). Writing For Students? To answer how much money you need, analyze the uk, cash flow statement to determine the cumulative cash flow. Services? The lowest point on this curve will tell you what your maximum financing needs are , and at what point in time. What do you think your company is or lowes price, worth? The third question is much harder to answer, especially for Writing services for students a new company. At the end of the assignment creator, day it really comes down to what an investor thinks your company is worth (which is more art than science).

However, there are three popular methods of valuing a company that can help you come up with a valuation to for students facilitate the Science essay marathi, negotiation. Cost approach (asset based approach) The cost approach seeks to determine a company’s value by analyzing the market value of its assets. In other words, in this approach the company is worth the sum of all its assets if they were to be liquidated . This approach may be appropriate for some industries such as real estate where the asset value may actually be worth more than the going concern value (present value of future cash flows generated by services for students, the asset). However, for many companies the value of its branding and reputation, along with its ability to generate profits, will exceed the value of its assets.

The market approach seeks to determine a company’s value by analyzing recent sales of similar assets, with the for college, theory that valuations of similar companies can serve as a good proxy. This is a common approach in the real estate industry. The income approach seeks to determine a company’s value by using its expected profit over services for students time and then placing a value on that future stream of income in writing, today’s terms . Since there is inherent uncertainty with a future stream of income, there are numerous ways to Writing for students discount that expected income to account for risk. Now you have all the pieces to complete the equation. You have the amount of money you need by looking at cumulative cash flow. You also have an idea of how much money your company will be worth. Equation to determine how much equity you should offer:

Equity to Find address offer = Company Valuation / Money needed. If raising debt, you are not exchanging equity for cash. Instead, you should focus on the loan’s interest rate and payment schedule. Services? Make sure you will be turning a profit that is Online assignment creator gems, both large enough and soon enough to ensure there is no delinquency on servicing the Writing for students, loan. For equity financing, answer the following: Investment amount needed When you need it How much time it will buy you / When you expect to turn a profit or get to the next milestone event % of equity offered and at what company valuation (you may wish to keep exact figures vague in order to further negotiate) Exit strategy. For debt financing, answer the following:

Loan amount needed When you need it When you will be able to pay back the loan The amount and frequency of uk, loan payments. In addition to the information above, you should also summarize how you plan to use the funds. The level of detail should be at a high level ; if the investor or lender wants to see expenses in more detail that will be available in the Appendix within the Profit/Loss statement. Construction of new kitchen: Kitchen remodeling, March 1, 2014, $25,000 Kitchen hardware, April 1, 2014, $50,000 Total Loan Amount: $75,000. If based on Writing services for students your financial model you anticipate relatively small yet variable expenses month to month, a line of uk, credit may be a good choice. Writing? With a line of credit you draw upon it when you require the Work depot match, funds and pay interest immediately on services the money as it is borrowed. It works very similarly to a credit card in marathi, that you typically have a pre-set limit to how much you can borrow, the major exception that since you may be able to secure the line of services, credit with assets, you may be able to get better terms. In the Quick Start Guide we briefly went over the different strategies available and how thinking about your company’s eventual exit will help shape your business model. It’s recommended you review the for college, Quick Start guide and Writing services practice that exercise. Depending on My admission for college your company, there are various exit strategies available, including:

Selling your business Passing it down through the services, family Taking the company public (IPO) Liquidation. If you are seeking equity financing, then your investors will pay close attention to Write personal statement letter this section. Angel investors and VCs demand a large return on their investment since they are taking a large risk by investing into your company. Therefore, you need to include detailed information on how you intend to sell the company or take it public. Demonstrating a large market opportunity. If investors are going to Writing services take a big risk, they demand a big return. You need to college statement demonstrate your business has the potential to either take substantial market share from an Writing services, incumbent competitor, or create a new market. Investors like to be in hot, growing industries such as biotechnology, mobile e-commerce and address healthcare. These are all industries that have huge upside growth potential and ones that investors are more inclined to invest in. Solving a larger company’s problem. If your exit strategy is to services sell your company to a larger company, then identify how your company’s product solves that larger company’s stated problems and/or goals.

For example, Apple’s mapping software is playing catch-up to Google Maps. If your company can help Apple improve its software, your company would become an attractive acquisition target. The mission statement reflects the core purpose and depot match vision of the Writing services for students, company. It’s a statement your employees and customers can get behind. Some tips on writing a well-crafted mission statement: Keep it short.

1-2 sentences max. Don’t use “fluff” words. Work Depot? Make the statement mean something. A mission statement, if done well, should encapsulate both what the company does (what it sells) as well as the services for students, culture/vision/purpose. Examples of Fortune 500 firms that really get it right: A. BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB COMPANY (PHARMACEUTICALS) Mission Statement: “To discover, develop and Write college statement letter deliver innovative medicines that help patients prevail over serious diseases.”

Why it’s great: The keywords “discover, develop and deliver” demonstrate the company’s capability to in delivering an end-to-end solution. By using the words “innovate” and Writing “prevail over serious diseases” it serves as a rallying call for their thousands of employees that what they are doing is (1) cutting edge and (2) has a higher purpose then themselves. Mission statement: “ We will be the easiest pharmacy retailer for Paper help review criteria customers to use.” Why it’s great: In one short sentence, the company has managed to (1) describe what it sells (2) how it will win in the marketplace. It is a pharmacy retailer and for students it will solely focus on making itself easier for writing the customer to Writing services for students use (that could mean so many things, such as innovating online to depot price fulfill prescriptions to improved customer service within their stores).

Example of poorly written mission statements. A. FORTUNE 500 FOOD AND BEVERAGE COMPANY. Mission statement: “ The Company’s primary objective is to maximize long-term stockholder value, while adhering to the laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates and at all times observing the highest ethical standards.” Why it’s horrible: It does not serve as a rallying call for Writing for students employees, suppliers, or partners. Its objectives are obvious (what company does not want to for college maximize value) and borderline absurd (are there companies that do not want to adhere to local and federal laws)? Lastly, it does not mention what the company actually does. B. FORTUNE 500 VEHICLE PARTS SUPPLIER. Mission Statement: “ We are committed to attracting, developing, and keeping a diverse work force that reflects the nature of our global business.” Why its horrible: While a diverse workforce is certainly not a bad thing, only stating that as the Writing, company’s mission statement is ineffective, lacks direction or focus, and completely misses the point of having a mission statement. This is predominately for businesses that have previous trading history, but can also be used by depot price, new companies that want to highlight relevant history on how the company came to existence, work completed to date, milestones achieved, etc.

Some information you may want to Writing services for students include: Start date First location First product/service Significant milestones/events. Reminder: keep in Online gems, mind that there is no set rule as to the level of detail you want to for students include. This is dictated by the relevancy of the information to Find uk the reader and how this information helps strengthen your plan’s ability to build credibility for Writing for students your company. Every company is made of milestones. Milestones for a business are achievements that demonstrate the business is on the right track. They are best when quantifiable and personal statement letter measureable.

For example, achieving a working prototype of your product, or getting to break-even, are both huge milestones that showcase your ability to execute and reduces subsequent risk of your company. Key concept: The more uncertainty that you can take off from the table, the better valuation you can get for your business. For businesses that have a retail or manufacturing component, this is an important section of your plan. Information you may want to include: Size (e.g.; in Writing, sq. ft.) Location/Address Other notable facts, such as equipment at the facility. Location is important for a large number of retail businesses, whether you are a restaurant or purveyor of consumer products. If possible, provide statistics about the Online assignment, retail location you have chosen or are planning to choose. Describe the Writing services, lease terms you are able to Science essay secure, and if there are any laws that protect the lessee from unreasonable price increases.

You can read a detailed article about what to look for in a lease agreement here. Provide detailed information on the manufacturing facilities. For example, your operation may require a reliable source of electricity and for students water. Science Writing? Describe how the facility provides the business with these resources. If the facility is pre-existing equipment or structures that can be leveraged, make mention of that. Location can be an services for students, important aspect of your business even if you are not in review criteria, retail or manufacturing. For example, you might want to open your software company in Writing for students, Silicon Valley as that provides a competitive advantage from an employee recruitment and fundraising perspective.

If you operate out of a home office. Describe your future expansion plans, including expected date of creator gems, expansion. Upon completing these sections, you will then be finished with the company and financing section of Writing services, your business plan. Writing the Products and Services Chapter. The products and services chapter of your business plan should be written clearly and descriptively, to help give investors a comprehensive understanding of the bread and butter of your business. Your products and for home services section should include the following sections. Products and Services Chapter Sections. Products and Writing for students Services Competitors Sourcing and Fulfillment (optional) Technology (optional) Intellectual Property (optional) Future Products and Services (optional)

Your products and services are the lifeblood of your business – it’s what your customers need, and if you get this right, everything else will follow . Commonly referred to college personal letter as “product lift”, which essentially means getting the secret sauce working. It means that customers want to buy your product/service, and you are filling a need that was previously not satisfied. Thinking in terms of benefits vs. features. What is the consumer really buying? For example, a person buying a Rolex watch is not only buying a device to tell time, but the prestige and status that comes with a luxury product.

Think about Writing, what end benefit your product/service delivers. Of course, the functional aspects of your product/service are also important. Depending on what you are going to sell, think through the features it will provide, packaging, design, branding, quality, and Science marathi other aspects that help position and/or differentiate it from competing products/services. You may have heard the Writing, business adage that acquiring a new customer is indefinitely more expensive then keeping an existing customer. One of the reasons this is true is the potential to sell additional add-ons, upgrades and substitute products/services to existing customers . Think about how you can drive incremental revenue. Whether it’s via subscriptions, repeat business, or annual contracts, you may be providing products/services that generate a recurring revenue stream. This is a good thing, because (1) your revenue can be more predictable and writing stable (2) you are maximizing earning potential . Think how you can generate recurring revenue, which is expressed with a metric called Lifetime Value per customer.

You will complete the price you want to set your products/services in the Financial Plan chapter, and we also have a section for you to Writing services for students describe your pricing strategy; however it is advisable to start thinking about how you want to writing marathi price your products/services. Competitive analysis is an extremely useful tool and one that should be revisited often as the competitive landscape changes over time. It starts with competitive analysis. Background (location, history, ownership) Financials (revenue, profitability) Products (product line, services, patents, licenses) Marketing (channels used and budget, pricing, alliances/affiliates) Personnel (headcount, notable executives, compensation, job openings) Market share Strengths, Weaknesses. Tips on how to perform competitive analysis. The Internet makes this much easier then in days past.

Some ideas: Google search using keywords that your customers would use to find you Look up industry association websites Look up directories such as Yahoo or Crunchbase Use Indeed.com to find your competitor’s job openings Competitor’s websites Find your competitor’s management team members on LinkedIn. Not only do you have to worry about current competitors you can see, but you have to be vigilant and be on the lookout for new entrants. For example, a company that already sells to your customer base may see your industry as a logical next step. You should consider the likelihood of new entrants high if: The industry sees high margins (its super profitable) There is unmet demand (more customers then suppliers) There are no major barriers to entry (does not take much to Writing services for students start competing) There is future growth potential (such as mobile apps) Much of this is marathi, common sense – if you see a market opportunity that no one is competing in Writing for students, yet, don’t expect that you will be alone for Work for home or lowes match long. Sourcing is simply the process of procuring goods and services from suppliers that are required for Writing services for students your company to make its products or deliver its service. Some things to help consider when choosing and managing your suppliers:

Cost: This is an obvious one – the lower the for students, price, the higher your profit margins will be. Payment terms: The longer you have to pay your suppliers, the more working capital you have on hand. Reliability: You must consider how reliable your suppliers are and what would happen to your ability to essay operate if they cannot deliver. Scalability: As your business expands, will your suppliers be able to meet your needs? Fulfillment is services for students, simply the process of how your company delivers its products/services, from point of sale to delivery. There are several popular fulfillment options:

Engineer to order: the product is designed and built to customer specifications (e.g.; large construction projects) Build to gems order: the product’s design is standardized but manufacture of Writing for students, final product is based off of Paper help, customer specifications (e.g.; aircraft and yachts) Assemble to services order: the product is for home price, assembled to the customer’s specifications using pre-fabricated components (e.g.; Chipotles burritos, Dell computers) Make to stock: the Writing services, product is manufactured in quantity based on expected sales of the product (e.g.; retailers) If you are going to be selling physical products and Write personal expect to Writing services for students hold inventory, then you should pay very close attention to Paper help criteria how you forecast the amount of inventory you need to Writing services meet your projected sales. Too little inventory and you may not be able to meet demand. Too much inventory and college personal you tie up all of your cash on excess inventory. For Students? Some key points: Have accurate sales forecasts. Find Uk? Use historical sales data if you have it, and make sure you account for seasonality. Services? Have accurate inventory tracking.

Use bar code scanning or equivalent to ensure there are no data entry errors. Find Someone Uk? Utilize inventory management software. QuickBooks, Sage, and for students a plethora of other vendors provide a cloud-based solution for essay you to manage and maximize your inventory levels. Technology in today’s business environment is becoming more and more important and serves as a source of competitive advantage. Take Wal-Mart or FedEx as two examples of Writing, companies that provide services (low-cost products and Paper help shipping), but utilize technology as a critical means of Writing services, delivering those services. Wal-Mart uses a sophisticated supply chain management IT system to Work for home depot ensure its low prices. FedEx uses technology to optimize delivery routes and Writing services for students times, which enables it to ship to practically every corner of the globe, seamlessly and Paper help review with very low error rates. Think about how technology plays a part in services, your business and if it is critical to your business operations. If technology is critical to your business operations, then you must think about your disaster preparedness and assignment creator gems contingency planning . For Students? Depending on your business, you may want to create back-up copies of data and software, routine security checks, and securing physical assets. Work Depot Or Lowes Match? What would happen if you lost access to the technology? Think about alternatives that you could utilize.

For example, if you license a piece of Writing services for students, software and later down the statement, road decide that the cost is too high, is there a competitor who can license you an alternative? If you have exclusive rights to a technology, either through a patent or through an Writing for students, exclusive license agreement, this is a great competitive advantage and Science writing one that you will want to describe in detail. There are two types of intellectual property that may be applicable to a business: industrial property (such as patents and trademarks), and copyright (such as novels and Writing movies). If you have intellectual property that you want to Online assignment creator gems protect, it is advisable that you seek the professional advice of a good Patent/IP Attorney , since this is services, a great way to college statement letter provide a barrier to entry for your business. Intellectual property type 1: Industry property. These include inventions (patents), trademarks and industrial designs (trade secrets, trade dress). If you have any proprietary process or technology then it is recommended that you apply for a patent to protect your invention. You should apply for a trademark for your company name and logo as well. Intellectual property type 2: copyright.

These include literary and Writing services for students artistic works such as novels, poems and plays, films, musical works, artistic works such as drawings, paintings, photographs and essay sculptures, and architectural designs. In 2011, counterfeit copyrighted and trademarked goods were a $600 billion dollar industry worldwide. For Students? Enforcing your intellectual property may be feasible from a legal point of view, but many times is not practical in practice. For example, Microsoft cannot possibly prosecute every single instance where its popular operating systems are copied and downloaded. IP and price your employees and contractors. It is just as important to secure your intellectual property in relation to your employees and contractors. Everyone should be required to sign an for students, invention assignment agreement, which basically states that the company owns all works produced while contracted by the company. Letter? In addition, you may consider handing out services, serialized notebooks for employees to use , so that if there is ever a conflict as to Find address uk whom owns a piece of intellectual property, there is for students, a physical record. If you have future products and services planned, it is help review, a good idea to describe the product roadmap and strategy behind it . A key concept is for students, that of Science marathi, product lifecycle, which describes the stages of the life of a product.

During this phase, your product will incur heavy promotional costs as you get the word out. You may discount the services, price of the product to encourage new customers. During this phase, you may focus on expanding your product to new segments in the marketplace, and expand the product line (for example, with new colors or other variations). During this phase, you are enjoying the fruits of your labor. You may add new features to your product to Write statement letter stay competitive and to further differentiate your product from competitors. Marketing spend for your product starts to dissipate as sales of your product are in Writing, steady decline.

After including all of this information, you’ll have completed the products and services chapter. Writing the Customers and Market Analysis Chapter. The customers and market analysis chapter will give you an opportunity to describe what your customer segments are, what needs you are filling for them, and Write statement letter how these groups of customers are trending in terms of growth and behavior. This chapter also includes any regulatory restrictions specific to your industry. Customers and services for students Market Analysis Sections. Market Overview Market Needs Market Trends (optional) Market Growth (optional) Industry Analysis (optional) Key Customers (optional) In the address uk, market overview section you are going to calculate the services, total market (referred to as Total Addressable Market) for your products, and then the segment of that market your business can capture. Total addressable market can be thought of in several distinct levels.

At the highest level is an estimate of the total market given 100% saturation. Another way of looking at this is someone, what would be the total market if one company had 100% market share. Once you have the total addressable market, then you can estimate what percentage of this you can realistically capture. This, of course, is much harder to predict with accuracy. So the important thing to remember is to utilize strong sources for your assumptions. For example, lets say you plan to open a high-end steakhouse in downtown Miami.

To calculate your total addressable market, you might count how many high-end restaurants are in the downtown area and research the average annual sales for each restaurant. Then multiply the two to get the total sales for all high-end restaurants. This would be your total addressable market. Using the example above, we can then drill down to the next level and Writing services for students determine what percentage of the market you can realistically capture. You might assume that you will take an equal share of the market, thereby decreasing all other competitor’s shares in the market. Science Essay Marathi? Or you might offer cheaper prices, which you assume would take a larger percent of the market. Whatever your assumption, make sure it is well documented and logical.

To obtain jaw-dropping product-lift you must solve a difficult and painful problem for Writing services the customer. And if there are competitors, you must solve the problem better than them, and enough so that customers are willing to switch to your company. Describe what problem your product is solving. If you are targeting multiple customer segments, make sure you go into detail on how your product serves each customer segment. Describe how your solution better solves customer’s pain points then your competitors. We as consumers are inherently lazy. We do not want to go through the time and cost of personal statement letter, switching from one company’s product/services unless it is services, compelling enough, which is dependent on the switching cost.

For example, there is virtually no cost to switch from Coke to for home price match Pepsi. On the Writing, other hand, there is high switching cost associated with migrating from a Mac to a PC. To overcome this problem, describe how your product either is statement letter, able to overcome customer’s inherent adversity towards switching products, or if your product is able to reach new customers and bypass switching costs altogether (in other words, instead of taking customers away from your competitors, you are creating a new market for your products). Understanding market trends at the macro level is critical for services for students various aspects of your business. A growing or shrinking market is described in writing, more detail in the market growth section.

Below are some of the other factors that will affect market trends: The overall economy has a disproportionate effect on some businesses. For example, dog-walking services usually see a decline in sales as households reduce spending on non-essential purchases. Government regulations and policies can completely alter an Writing services, industry, so it is imperative that you are up to date on upcoming changes. Online Assignment Creator Gems? For example, the Jobs Act of 2012 allowed for the first time non-accredited investors to participate in private placement of securities. This in Writing services, turn has created a new market for crowd-funding websites to emerge to connect startups with all types of investors. You may be in an industry where political conditions have an Find someone address, impact on the bottom line. For example, if you count the Writing, Dept. of Defense as one of your clients, then the across-the-board budget cuts (i.e.; Sequestration in the Budget Control Act of Find address uk, 2011) would surely have a negative effect on services for students your business. If you build your business on top of a technology platform that will soon be replaced with a more cost affordable, powerful, and Work for home or lowes easier to use technology, then that will surely put you in a less advantageous position. Writing? Knowing technology trends is valuable in Find address, ensuring you are gaining a competitive advantage through the use of technology. Your customers may change their sensitivity to price depending on a variety of factors, including competition, macroeconomic conditions, and changing consumer tastes.

Keeping an eye on this trend will ensure you optimize your pricing strategy. Market growth, mathematically, is simply measuring the change in market size from one time period to the next (usually in years). So if the market in the first year was $100 million and $150 million the second year, then the market can be said to have grown by Writing services for students, 50%. You will find that measuring market growth using historical market size data is much easier then forecasting market growth. Utilize publically available data sources, trade publications, market research firms, and someone uk government agencies to find much of this research. Being able to demonstrate a market is growing is obviously important – for example, the market for Blackberry accessories is clearly a declining market. Most investors and lenders will not want to see a new business chase after dwindling customers. On the other hand, the for students, market for Apple and Samsung phone accessories have seen great growth and will continue to grow as those companies continue to add new customers.

Your industry is defined as the group of companies that are related to you in Find uk, terms of what you sell/how you derive your revenue. For example, Ford and Nissan are both in Writing services, the automotive industry. Someone? Ford and Nissan’s market (i.e.; customers) would be the end consumers who buy their cars. You will want to describe your industry name/classification (SIC/NAICS Code), which can be found on the Dept. of Labor website. Understanding your industry’s dynamics is imperative to knowing it’s profit potential and attractiveness. A popular framework for conducting industry analysis is Porter’s five forces analysis, which analyzes an industry’s competitiveness (and therefore attractiveness). By performing this analysis you will have a clear picture of your competitors and how your company fits within the competitive landscape. If your industry has low barriers to entry and low switching costs, then expect increased competition, as there is little standing in Writing, the way for new entrants to Write college personal statement letter enter the market and compete.

If your industry is Writing services for students, supplied by very few suppliers with little alternative but to source from those suppliers, then expect downward pressure on Find someone address uk your margins. If your industry only has a small number of buyers, or there are many alternative products to for students choose from, then expect downward pressure on your margins. If there are many substitute products in your industry and the switching costs between them are low, then expect substantial competition. An industry is Science marathi, very competitive if there are many competitors about the same size, there is little differentiation between competitor’s products, and Writing it is mature with little growth (so the only way to grow is to take a competitor’s market share). Although your product may cater to many different sets of customers, you want to focus on a select group that will be the most likely to Online assignment purchase your product/service and Writing services for students account for the lion’s share of your company’s revenue.

For many businesses, you will soon realize that a large portion of your revenue comes from a small percentage of your customers. My Admission Essay For College? For example, Starbucks may realize their key customers are white-collar business types that purchase a cup of coffee every day, versus the student type that comes in once a month. When you can name your key customers. If you are in Writing, a business where volumes are low and prices are high, then you should be able to name your key customers individually. Work For Home Or Lowes Match? In this case, you should describe in detail your relationship with each of them separately. If you’ve filled out this chapter, congratulations. Doing market research and customer analysis is Writing, a complicated and time consuming task. Time to move on to the next chapter!

Writing the Marketing and Sales Chapter. The marketing and Write personal statement letter sales chapter gives you an for students, opportunity to describe how you will manage your sales force and what sales activities they will conduct in order to close sales. Overview Positioning Pricing Promotion Distribution. In this section, summarize your marketing plan, being sure to include: Positioning: Are you going to Online creator gems be the lowest cost provider or provide a differentiated product? Pricing: How will you price your products/services? Promotion: How will your market your products/services? Distribution: Where will your product/services be available? Tip: It will be easier to write this section after you complete the subsequent sections as the Writing services for students, overview section summarizes key findings from the other section.

Keep this section at the summary-level, as you will go into further detail in the subsequent sections. Describe how you position your company within the Write college personal statement letter, competitive landscape. Will you compete on services price, or will you differentiate your offering and stand out from your peers? For example, Wal-Mart positions itself as the low-cost provider in an industry, while Apple designs premium products to reach the My admission essay for college, luxury end of the market. Provide your product/service at the cheapest price point in the marketplace.

There are three primary ways to Writing achieve this: Economies of My admission essay, Scale: For example, being able to turn more tables in a restaurant or produce more widgets in a factory. Writing For Students? The more you are able to My admission essay for college produce from your asset, the cheaper it becomes. Writing For Students? It will also be harder for your competitors to essay marathi enter the market since you have fixed assets and experience that requires a large investment. Low operating costs: Keeping costs down across all aspects of the business, including: Standardization: Limited customization Outsourcing: Outsourcing labor to low cost production centers Thrift: Limiting advertising and RD spend Optimized supply-chain: By lowering inventory and negotiating with suppliers, companies can substantially improve their profitability and Writing for students cash flow. Making your product/service unique by My admission, targeting a specific segment of the market is a compelling strategy, especially if: Your customers are not price sensitive The market is competitive Your are targeting a specific niche You can provide a product/service that is not easily copied. You can also achieve differentiation through branding and marketing – for Writing example, Starbucks sells premium coffee at a premium price point, primarily through the strength of their branding and someone not through the taste of their coffee.

Determining the optimal price for your products/services will require you to think through several factors: If you are going shooting for the low cost provider strategy, then you will want to Writing for students price yourself accordingly. Likewise, if you are going for address uk the luxury end of the market, then a higher price is often times a proxy for quality. How price sensitive are your customers? If your customers are making their purchase decision primarily based on price, then you will want to be sensitive to Writing services this. The price you set must be high enough to over your costs so you can turn a profit. There are, of My admission essay for college, course, exceptions. For example, you might want to achieve economies of scale by maximizing units sold, or you might be maximizing revenue to achieve dominant market share.

There may be regulatory/legal constraints on how much you can charge. For example, payday loan vendors are restricted in how much they can charge their customers. Looking at what your competitors charge can give you a understanding of what current customers are accustomed to paying and will likely be willing to Writing for students pay for your products/services. There are price points that consumers are psychologically more accustomed to, such as amounts ending in .99 or .95. In this section, you move from describing your marketing plan onto how you will convey your marketing message to your intended audience. Science Marathi? What marketing channels will you utilize to Writing services reach your target customers? Depending on your business, traditional media may be an Work for home price, important component of your complete marketing toolbox. These would include television, radio, billboards, flyers, etc. In today’s environment few companies can afford not to have a strong online presence. There are a myriad of Writing, options available. Each marketing channel must be carefully measured for effectiveness, as online marketing can quickly add up and assignment gems consume a small business’s entire marketing budget.

A website is a key component of Writing services, your digital marketing efforts as it will be the destination in which your online leads will first visit. Some online marketing options include: Search engines (i.e.; Google, Bing) Directories (Yelp, Angies List) Daily deals (Groupon) Email marketing Social media (Facebook, Twitter) Word of mouth marketing is by far the most profitable and powerful marketing channel available to any business. New customers that are referred to your business are more likely to help review criteria purchase and Writing services for students more likely to continue referring your company. There are ways to boost word of mouth marketing, especially with the advent of Science essay writing marathi, social media. Writing For Students? For example, asking a satisfied customer to like your business on Yelp and Facebook will potentially reach hundreds of for home depot or lowes price match, their contacts, all with one click. Writing Services? Integrating social media into or lowes price match your word of mouth marketing strategy is invaluable for every business. Blogging/Becoming a subject matter expert.

Having a leading voice in your industry will help your business gain credibility from customers, suppliers, partners and Writing services competitors. You can start by participating on public forums and blogs related to your business and adapting the adage “give more to Work for home depot get more”. How will your products be available? On one end of the services, spectrum is direct marketing, whereby you sell directly to your customers. Or if you manufacture your products, you might sell through distributors, who in turn sell to retailers, who in turn sell to someone address consumers. Three common models: Product is stocked in Writing for students, mass-market distribution channels. Examples include soft drinks, magazines, etc. Product is specialized and statement sold through specialized channels. Writing Services For Students? Examples include nautical computers and tooling/machinery. Product is only sold through an exclusive channel.

Examples include luxury products such as high-end motorcycles or designer handbags. The Internet presents an unparalleled opportunity to reach customers directly, as well as working with online channel partners to reach and uk sell to customers. Writing the for students, Strategy and Implementation Chapter. The strategy and implementation chapter will give you an opportunity to define the key milestones that mark meaningful progress towards your goals. It also includes sections that further elaborate on your competitors. Strategy and Implementation Sections. Milestones SWOT Analysis (optional) Competitive Edge (optional) Strategic Alliances (optional) Milestones are the key events that demonstrate progress is being made , such as completing the company’s first prototype or breaking even. These provide a tangible way to measure the success of the business venture. Milestones are so incredibly important to a business yet are one of Science essay writing marathi, those things that can be easily overlooked. Why are milestones so important?

Because they are a way to Writing services for students measure meaningful progress of a company that in Find address uk, effect, makes that company less risky (and therefore more valuable). A new company has an extremely high-risk profile – but as it meets tangible milestones, such as completing a prototype or breaking even, the company’s risk decreases. It becomes more apparent that the venture will succeed. Investors and for students lenders will be looking at what milestones your company has reached in order to create a fair valuation. Milestones might include: Assembling company team First working prototype Filing/receiving patent or other IP Securing physical location for address uk store First paying customer Breaking even Turning a profit* *If you can demonstrate not only turning a profit, but also sustaining that profit, then that is a huge milestone. SWOT Analysis is services for students, a useful technique for understanding your company’s strengths and Paper help review criteria weaknesses , while identifying both the opportunities open to for students your business and the threats it faces. Strengths and Weaknesses refer to internal factors in your company, such as: Employees and staff Physical assets such as equipment and Write college personal statement facilities Financial assets. Opportunities and Threats refer to external factors facing your company, such as: Market trends Regulatory and for students legal Macroeconomic conditions Competitors.

Competitive edge can be bucketed into four primary areas: cost, differentiation, innovation and operational effectiveness. Are you providing a product/service at a lower cost then your competitors? This is a straightforward competitive edge that is very difficult to deliver. Providing the lowest cost may require operating on razor thin profit margins or heavy investment in fixed costs in order to achieve economies of scale. Are you providing a product/service that your competitors are not offering or cannot offer? This is Find someone uk, a common strategy whereby you provide differentiated value in order to Writing for students better serve customers and/or reach a portion of the market that may be under-served. Are you leapfrogging your competition and providing a notably superior or new product/service? Popularized by the book “Blue Ocean Strategy”, creating new demand in an uncontested market space is a powerful business strategy. Do you provide superior time to market or customer service?

For example, your customers may be willing to marathi pay a higher price for better customer service . Nordstrom’s is an example of a company that uses superior customer service as a competitive advantage. Forging strategic alliances is a commonplace occurrence in business. There are a wide variety of alliances you might encounter, with various parties in which you do business. Even if you do not have any alliances, there may be an opportunity for a partnership in services, the future and that should be included in this section. You might have a supplier who has a disproportionate amount of influence and power of your business.

Striking a partnership in this case may decrease those risk factors and provide a competitive advantage over your competitors. You might have a large portion of Online assignment, your revenue coming from for students several key customers. Inking an exclusive agreement to lock in revenue would, for Write college statement instance, give you predictable cash flow. It is not uncommon to partner with competitors under certain circumstances – for example, to set standards for the industry or to help further adoption of Writing for students, a technology. For example, Sony and Find Panasonic partnered together to increase the adoption of Blu-ray DVDs. Aligning your brand with another company is frequently used, especially if both brands are targeting the same demographic. For example, Samsung is the official sponsor of the Olympic games and Writing services will provide free mobile phones to all Olympic athletes. Upon completing these sections, your strategy and Find uk implementation chapter will be finished. Writing the Financial Plan, Statements, and Sales Forecast Chapters. Writing the financial plan, financial statements, and sales forecast will be the services, most difficult part of your entire plan.

It requires making a large number of intelligent assumptions about the size of the market you can realistically target, and help the costs associated with making your product or rendering your services. These sections are the red meat of Writing, your plan — these are the chapters that any seasoned angel investor or venture capitalist will dig into to make sure they know they’re making a solid financial investment. Chapter 7: Financial Plan and Sales Forecast Sections. Sales Forecast Personnel Plan Budget Cash Flow Assumptions Loans and Investments Starting Balances Historical Financials Key Metrics for Success. Define the price in which you will sell your products and services, the cost it will take to produce or sell the product/service, and the number of units you will sell. College Statement Letter? Be conservative when making your estimates on the number of units you will sell, ensuring you have a reasonable methodology when making your forecast.

It is highly recommended that you first complete the following sections as they lay the foundation for defining the sales forecast. Products/Services section: Defines what you will sell and at what price point; also seeks to define the production cost Target Market section: Defines the size of your target market and for students what quantities you can sell. Tip: Your sales forecast should sync with your Sales and Marketing plan. Find? For example, if you plan on services for students hiring several sales people nine months from the start of assignment creator gems, your business, you should forecast an increase in sales thereafter. This is the price you will sell your products/services. Fixed price: Suitable for most sales forecast modeling Price changes over Writing for students time: The price of your product/service may increase/decrease in price over time for several reasons: Keep up with inflation Keep up with increased cost of raw materials or components Seasonal product – discount to offload excess inventory Promote new product – discount upfront to Write college statement letter encourage sales, then increase later. This is the direct cost of producing your product/service (at the services for students, unit level). Otherwise known as cost of goods sold (COGS). Fixed costs: Suitable for most sales forecast modeling % of sales: A good way to forecast costs; as sales increase you can set the cost as a % of sales on My admission essay for college a sliding scale.

Costs vary each month: The cost of Writing services, your product/service may increase/decrease in price over time for several reasons: Economy of scale: the more units you produce, the cheaper it becomes to produce them Bargaining power: the Online assignment gems, more units you buy from your supplies, the cheaper they become Seasonality: cost of raw materials may fluctuate based on for students time of year. This is the expected number of units you will sell. My units are constant: Not particularly suitable as most businesses will expect to have some growth over time. Personal Statement? Units sold changes over time: The quantity sold of your product/service may increase over time for several reasons: Growing market share Finding new markets. Sales tax requirements vary by country and by products/services sold. Writing Services? In the United States, there is no sales tax at the federal level; however, many states levy selective sales tax on essay for college particular goods or services. Check with your state department of taxation if you are required to collect sales tax. Writing Services? If yes, you collect the sales tax from Find someone uk your customers and then remit the tax to the state each year. If the Writing services for students, individual assumptions used for each component of the sales forecast is accurate, so will the overall sales forecast.

You should be able to explain where each number comes from, citing studies/research that validates your assumptions. The costs of Science writing, hiring personnel are often the services for students, largest expense of any business. Marathi? In this section, you will enter forecasted employees and services for students contractors you plan to hire. The number of personnel you plan to hire and at what time is college statement letter, more of an art then a science. For Students? Too much staff too soon and review you’ll burn through your working capital. Too few staff and you’ll run the risk of alienating your customers and partners when you can’t deliver. A good way to Writing think about your personnel plan is to My admission essay for college think about the milestones you want your business to accomplish and what personnel are required to get your business there.

You can always revise your estimates, so start off with your best estimate and come back to this section later. Tweak as needed so that your business model demonstrates profitability within your target time frame. The type of Writing services, company you are building and the financing required also makes a big difference in your staffing plan. For example, if you are seeking venture capital that mean you are going to review want to hire and scale quickly in for students, order to Paper help review criteria generate large revenues. Conversely, if you are seeking debt financing, you want to operate as lean as possible and services for students maximize profitability so you can service your loans. Fixed amount: Suitable for most situations. Changes over time: You might want to define a compensation plan for Online assignment gems sales personnel that have an annual bonus component, for example.

Employee: If choosing employee you will have to consider certain employee taxes and other considerations. Contractor: If selecting contractor, ensure that you are classifying said contractor correctly. In the United States, for example, you are legally required to provide employee-type benefits in certain situations even if you classify the personnel as a contractor. If hiring employees, you will be responsible for additional costs such as (but not limited to) payroll taxes, worker’s compensation and Writing services for students health insurance, paid time off, training and travel expenses, vacation and assignment creator gems sick leave, pension contributions and services other benefits. This is referred to the burden rate, which provides a truer picture of total labor costs than payroll costs alone. Burden rate only affects employees and Write not contractors. If unsure what to Writing for students enter, 15% is a fair estimate. Explain the assumptions and methodology used to define the personnel your business plans to retain, including how you came up with your compensation figures and burden rate. My Admission Essay? For example, you might explain that as you plan to hire several sales people to coincide with the release of a new product.

Enter expenses you plan on incurring for your business. A good way to make sure you capture majority of your business’s expenses is to think through costs associated with each functional area of your business, such as product development, marketing and operations. Categorize expense into groups, such legal and administrative, rent and leases, and Writing services for students telecommunications. Do not include fixed asset expenses (assets whereby you derive value from for more than 12 months) such as a company van or computers. You will enter these in the next step. Advertising Expense Amortization Expense Auto Expense Bad Debt Expense Bank Charges Cash Over and Online assignment Short Commission Expense Depreciation Expense Employee Benefit Program Freight Expense Gifts Expense Insurance – General Interest Expense Professional Fees License Expense Maintenance Expense Meals and Entertainment Office Expense Payroll Taxes Printing Postage Rent Repairs Expense Salaries Expense Supplies Expense Taxes – FIT Expense Utilities Expense Gain/Loss on Sale of Writing services, Assets. Enter long-term asset expenses here. Long-term assets are comprised of two types: tangible and intangible assets. Fixed assets are tangible assets that provide value for more than 12 months, such as a company van or computers. Fixed assets are depreciated over its useful lifetime. Help Review? This is an accounting method that allows the business to allocate the costs of the Writing, asset over its life by gradually reducing its value.

Common fixed assets: Land and Buildings Motor vehicles Furniture Office equipment Fixtures and fittings Plant and machinery. Intangible assets are long-term assets that are not physical in nature. Intangible assets are amortized over Work or lowes match its useful life. These might include: Intellectual property (items such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, business methodologies) Goodwill Brand recognition. Enter other short-term assets here, which most likely will be any prepaid expense that lasts for less than 12 months.

Besides prepaid expenses, other current assets also include short-term investments and securities that are likely to turned into cash within a year. A prepaid expense can be described as such: A 12-month office lease is signed with the total lease amount of Writing services, $12,000 being paid upfront. Classifying this as a regular expense would not be accurate because then the PL Statement and Cash Flow Statement would both show the $12,000 as a one-time upfront payment on the month it which it was made. Science Writing? This type of expense is better described as a prepaid expense, since the use of the office is spread out over a 12-month period of Writing services for students, time and can be considered an asset on the Balance Sheet that is My admission for college, expensed over time. By classifying this as a prepaid expense (or an amortized short term asset) then the PL Statement would show the $12,000 prepaid expense spread across 12 months at $1,000 each month, while the Cash Flow Statement would reflect the for students, $12,000 payment on month in which it was made. Under Assets, the Balance Sheet would then show the amount of Prepaid Lease that is personal statement letter, remaining at the end of the accounting period. Enter an estimate for services for students income taxes you expect to pay, which should be a summation of federal, state and local income tax. Do not include other taxes such as property tax (should be entered as a separate expense) or employee-related taxes (this is covered in the Personnel Section as the Burden Rate). As this is Find, only an estimate, 100% accuracy is not required (if unsure what to enter here, use 20%). Dividends and distributions (for corporations and LLCs/partnerships, respectively) are payments to the company’s shareholders/owners, taken from the company’s profit. Dividends are typically paid out at the end of the fiscal year, while distributions can be given out at services the discretion of the owners.

You may want to set this to zero initially and Find uk see how the financials of your business model work out; then you can work backwards and determine how much of retained profit you want to for students distribute to owners/shareholders. Here you can explain any regular costs that are associated with running your business. What are the depot or lowes price match, monthly or ongoing costs that you must pay to keep the Writing services for students, business up and running? For example, this could be paying monthly utilities and rent expenses for your office space, insurance, or any marketing or advertising costs. For a start-up, remember that there are always up-front costs or one-time costs associated with getting things started, so be aware of any of these expenses and Paper help review include them in your budget. Accounts receivable is defined as sales that the for students, company has made but has yet to collect the money from the purchaser. Most companies operate by allowing some portion of their sales to be on credit. These types of sales are usually made to frequent or special customers who are invoiced periodically, and allow them to avoid the creator, hassle of physically making payments as each transaction occurs.

You want your accounts receivable to be as low as possible to increase your cash flow. Defining what percentage of your sales will be on credit. You want this percentage to be as low as possible, while keeping in mind that for Writing for students some businesses it is preferential to provide some credit to your best customers. Defining how long it will take to collect payment. Of the customers that you provide credit to, you need to define when they are to pay you back. Essay Marathi? The faster, the better your cash flow will look like.

It is typical to provide net-30, which is 30 days. Accounts payable is Writing services, defined as short-term debt owed to suppliers and banks. It is to your advantage to negotiate longer payment terms with your suppliers, as it will improve your cash flow. When looking at accounts receivable (what is owed to you) and accounts payable (what you owe), the key thing to remember is Science writing, that you want to be paid as soon as possible, and Writing services for students you want to help review pay others as late as possible (cash on hand is king). Defining what percentage of your purchases will be on credit. You want this percentage to be as high as possible, as that will improve your cash flow. However, ensure you are able to for students pay your vendors on the purchases made on credit. Defining how long it will take to collect incoming payments. How many days will it take, on Find someone address average, to Writing collect incoming payments? Select the typical number of days between when you make a credit sale and when the payment arrives.

Keep in mind that shortening this period can vastly improve your cash flow. If your business will sell physical products and you plan on keeping inventory on hand, then you need to define how many months of inventory you wish to keep on hand. The more months of inventory you hold on hand, the more cash is Work depot or lowes match, tied up in inventory. Writing Services? This will affect your cash flow. How much inventory should you carry? The ideal amount varies from industry to industry, and business to business. A good place to find more information is trade associations for your industry. Assignment Gems? In order to services improve your company’s inventory management, you will need to start by help review criteria, collecting good records on your inventory. Using inventory turnover rate as an indicator. Inventory Turnover Rate = Costs of Goods Sold (COGS) / average cost of inventory on hand.

A low inventory turnover rate means that you may have too much inventory on hand. Understanding and managing cash flow is very important to Writing services any business. Find Someone Uk? The time period for credit sales and payments may depend on your suppliers or your industry. Services For Students? Paying and Find someone uk getting paid later rather than earlier can entirely change your cash flow projections. You can utilize this section to explain any assumptions about cash flow, including details on the time period in which you will make and receive payments. How did you come to these assumptions and how will it affect your business? When taking out a loan, you borrow an amount of money (principal) from a lender, and for students are obligated to pay back at a later time (usually in installments). You will typically pay interest on the loan.

If you are seeking a loan then enter the amount, as you want to Find uk forecast the financials assuming you have secured the loan. Personal vs Commercial Loans. For many small businesses, taking out a personal loan to finance growth is commonplace. These might include credit cards, home equity line of credit (HELOC), and installment loans. If you have an Writing, existing small business, commercial loans can be obtained, which are based on a variety of factors.

Secured vs Unsecured Loans. A secured loan is a loan in essay, which you pledge some asset (equipment, property, etc.) as collateral. Unsecured loans (credit cards, personal loans) are not secured against a borrower’s assets. Interest rates will be higher for unsecured loans versus secured loans, for Writing for students obvious reasons. If you have a pre-existing loan, then you can specify those details in the Starting Balances section. A line of credit is similar to help review a loan with the difference being that interest is not charged on the part of the services, line of for home or lowes price, credit that is unused, and the borrower can draw on the line of Writing services for students, credit at any time that he or she needs to. If you are seeking a line of credit then enter the amount, as you want to forecast the financials assuming you have secured the Science essay marathi, line of credit. The line of credit may be classified as a demand loan, which means that any outstanding balance will have to be paid immediately at the financial institution’s request. Investments include injections of cash into the business from you, other shareholders or owners, or investors.

This typically refers to equity investments where investors contribute cash to the business in exchange for equity (ownership). In this section, you can describe how your business will be funded. Services For Students? If you are a startup, it is likely that the money you make from sales will not cover all your business expenses so you may need additional sources of Write college statement, funding, such as taking out a loan, receiving investors’ capital, credit lines, or other ways of borrowing money. What type of funding will you acquire? At what point in Writing services for students, your plan are you expecting these funds? For existing businesses only. The starting balances will be used to adjust the balance sheet to Work depot or lowes price match take into account your company’s financial history. Important: all starting balances should be entered as they are at for students the start of your plan. Enter starting balances for assets: Cash Accounts Receivable Inventory Other current assets Long term assets Accumulated depreciation.

Enter starting balances for liabilities: Enter starting balance for Capital and Earnings: Enter your Recent Sales: One month before start date Two months before start date Three months before start date Four months before start date Five months before start date Six months before start date. If you are an essay writing, existing business, you can enter past financial data here. This is optional and will be used to calculate historical financial ratios in the Financial Statements section. For each year of your company history , include: $ Sales $ Gross profit $ Income from operations $ Net profit $ Current assets $ Current liabilities $ Inventory $ Total assets $ Total liabilities $ Total owner equity.

Every business model has several key metrics that management can use to see if the business is for students, healthy. For example, a restaurant might use the number of tables it can turn per night and the average revenue per dinner. Think about what levers make the most impact to your business. You will want to continuously track and monitor these metrics to ensure your business model is working. Chapter 8: Financial Statements Sections. Profit and Loss Statements Balance Sheet Cash Flow Statement Financial Ratios. The Profit Loss (i.e.; income statement) shows your revenue, expenses, and profit. It is the most common of the three reports as it provides a view into the company’s projected “bottom line”.

The statement here is a read-only display, calculated automatically from the or lowes match, information you entered in the Sales Forecast, Budget, and Personnel Plan sections. For Students? If you wish to edit or change any information, you may do so by going back to those sections. The statement here will update automatically. The balance sheet gives a snapshot of your company’s financial position at a given point in time, usually the Science, last day of a fiscal period. Writing Services? It is called a balance sheet because assets (what you own) will always equal the sum of Write letter, your liabilities (what you owe) and Writing services stockholder’s equity (your investments from stockholders plus money that your business earned that is essay writing marathi, put back into running your business). The balance sheet here is a read-only display. If you wish to Writing services change the balance sheet, you can do so by going back to the builder in the Financial Plan section. If you are an existing business, you have the option of adding starting balances under the Financial Plan section.

The cash flow statement displays the cash inflows and outflows from your operating, investing and financing activities. Rather than providing an overview like the balance sheet, the cash flow statement will measure the change in cash during a period. Essay Marathi? In other words, how much money did you start and Writing services end up with? The statement here is a read-only display. You can go back to edit the sections in Work for home depot match, the Financial Plan section in Writing for students, order to change the accounts affected in Science writing marathi, the cash flow statement. The Financial Ratios section gives a general overview of the Writing services, health of your business.

The report here is a read-only display. If you wish to change any of the information, you may do so by editing the relevant financial information you’ve entered previously. Work Depot Or Lowes? The ratios here will update automatically. The Liquidity Analysis shows how solvent your company is, or how easily convertible to cash is the company in case. This is important in determining the ability of the business to services meet its obligations, or paying off what it owes in debt.

The Profitability Analysis shows the or lowes match, overall performance of the company in its ability to make a profit. The ratios show how much of Writing services, sales revenue is assignment creator gems, actual profit after taking costs and expenses into account. The Debt Ratio shows how much of the Writing for students, business’s assets are financed by debt and how much of the business’s assets are financed by for home depot or lowes price match, stockholders’ equity. The Investment Measures show ROI (Return on Investment) which is the percentage of the return (net profit) of the business divided by the cost of the investment. The most common method of calculating ROI is to divide net profit by total assets. Finishing these chapters represents a massive achievement in completing your business plan. It is by far the most difficult chapter, as it requires doing somewhat complicated math to generate accurate financial statements.

In all likelihood, you will need to hire an expert or accountant to help you create an accurate and detailed plan that adheres to realistic outcomes. To finish it off, you’ll need to write an appendix and a glossary of terms. Your appendix will be a more detailed version of the financial statements detailed in services, this chapter, and for college your glossary of terms will simply define the terms of for students, your business that an Science, investor may not understand. Upon including those chapters, your plan will be complete. Feeling inspired to start a business, but don’t know how to services write a plan? We have a sample database of plans that you can look through to learn the different chapters and sections necessary to attract equity investments and loans. Although our examples are specific to Paper help review criteria each industry, keep in mind that every plan will be unique depending on for students your location, your customer base, and your own vision, so these will only Find someone address serve as a starting point for you and your dream. Click the images to view our full business examples. 4. The Pros and Cons of Downloading a Business Plan Template. 1. Write with confidence — you won’t be forgetting any important information. Using this free template can help you write your own plan, without the hassle of figuring out how to order your chapters, or the Writing services, worry of feeling like you might be missing a section.

We provide the entire bare bones skeleton of a business plan within this Microsoft Word .doc download. After you download it, it’s up to writing you to flesh out the details and for students ensure that each section is Write college statement letter, as well researched and intelligently conceived as possible. 2. Services? Step-by-step writing guide and writing samples included. Our plans come with a complete how-to guide with examples from our professional business plan samples to help steer you through your writing. 3. Completely free – no hidden costs, just download and start writing. This plan is completely free.

You may encounter other people or websites on the Internet charging a price to download the guide. Write? Do not purchase them – there is no benefit at all to purchasing a pre-fabricated plan. None of the information will be relevant to your company, and you’ll be gaining nothing but the order and structure of the plan – something that you could easily research and re-create on your own. Sound good? Keep in mind that while this guide may give you a better idea of how a it should be structured, that represents only about 5% of the heavy lifting of writing an actual the complete document. Don’t forget that every plan needs well structured elevator pitch. 1. You’ll have to do complicated business planning math and calculations yourself — or pay an expensive rate for someone else to Writing services for students do them.

You’re going to have to do the financial calculations, plans, and forecasts that a plan should offer to attract investment — all by yourself. Creating these sections requires years of essay, training, math skills, market knowledge, and investment savvy. This requirement is beyond the scope of most peoples’ abilities, which is why entrepreneurs turn to professional writers and accountants to do the heavy lifting for them. Keep in mind: You may have a brilliant idea, but until you’ve subjected your product/service to meticulous research, and calculated your potential market as conservatively as possible, your business idea will be nothing but empty words and blather to services for students a seasoned investor. 2. You’ll need to manually create visual graphs and depot price charts to Writing services for students make the calculations easily understandable. You’ll need to take the numbers you calculated and create attractive graphs, charts, and tables for your plan.

Making your data attractive and easy to comprehend is no easy task. Professional planning software can not only do the calculations for creator gems you, but will also turn them into relevant graphs, charts, and tables presented in the appropriate order, according to how equity investors and Writing services for students bank loan officers expect to see them. 3. A basic template won’t allow you to track your business’ progress. You won’t be able to keep your company’s information up to date easily. One of the major benefits of using software is that you can continually update your numbers based on your real expenses and earnings, allowing you to Science marathi track the Writing for students, progress of your business easily and help criteria without a major hassle. Nonetheless, we encourage you to Writing download this document and get started with writing out your product/service concepts and for college marketing plan. If or when you encounter the financial sections, we’ll be looking forward to helping your progress through the major obstacles of for students, writing a successful strategy that will help you get funding for your ideas. Crafted by licensed attorneys Updated regularly Applicable to all 50 states. Create your free.

Business Plan Template document in only 5-10 minutes! Copyright 2017 Legal Templates LLC. Legal Templates LLC is not a lawyer, or a law firm and essay does not engage in the practice of law. Writing Services? Legal Templates cannot and does not provide legal advice or legal representation. All information, software and services provided on Find address the site are for informational purposes and self-help only and are not intended to be a substitute for for students a lawyer or professional legal advice. Use of this site is Write statement letter, subject to our Terms of Use.

Preview Document - Business Plan Template. Make an for students, investment-worthy business plan easily with our free template.

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